Journal articles on the topic 'Particles Acoustic properties'
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Tudor, Eugenia Mariana, Lubos Kristak, Marius Catalin Barbu, Tomáš Gergeľ, Miroslav Němec, Günther Kain, and Roman Réh. "Acoustic Properties of Larch Bark Panels." Forests 12, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070887.
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The potential of tree bark, a by-product of the woodworking industry, has been studied for more than seven decades. Bark, as a sustainable raw material, can replace wood or other resources in numerous applications in construction. In this study, the acoustic properties of bark-based panels were analyzed. The roles of the particle size (4–11 mm and 10–30 mm), particle orientation (parallel and perpendicular) and density (350–700 kg/m3) of samples with 30 mm and 60 mm thicknesses were studied at frequencies ranging from 50 to 6400 Hz. Bark-based boards with fine-grained particles have been shown to be better in terms of sound absorption coefficient values compared with coarse-grained particles. Bark composites mixed with popcorn bonded with UF did not return the expected results, and it is not possible to recommend this solution. The best density of bark boards to obtain the best sound absorption coefficients is about 350 kg/m3. These lightweight panels achieved better sound-absorbing properties (especially at lower frequencies) at higher thicknesses. The noise reduction coefficient of 0.5 obtained a sample with fine particles with a parallel orientation and a density of around 360 kg/m3.
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Guevara Vasquez, Fernando, and China Mauck. "Periodic particle arrangements using standing acoustic waves." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2232 (December 2019): 20190574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0574.
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We determine crystal-like materials that can be fabricated by using a standing acoustic wave to arrange small particles in a non-viscous liquid resin, which is cured afterwards to keep the particles in the desired locations. For identical spherical particles with the same physical properties and small compared to the wavelength, the locations where the particles are trapped correspond to the minima of an acoustic radiation potential which describes the net forces that a particle is subject to. We show that the global minima of spatially periodic acoustic radiation potentials can be predicted by the eigenspace of a small real symmetric matrix corresponding to its smallest eigenvalue. We relate symmetries of this eigenspace to particle arrangements composed of points, lines or planes. Since waves are used to generate the particle arrangements, the arrangement’s periodicity is limited to certain Bravais lattice classes that we enumerate in two and three dimensions.
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Sun, Zhi Xing, and Zhi Gang Shen. "Acoustic Properties of Loose and Consolidated Nonmetal Particles from Waste Printed Circuit Boards." Advanced Materials Research 873 (December 2013): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.723.
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The aim of this study was to present a new method for resource utilization of nonmetal particles from waste printed circuit boards. Acoustic properties of loose particle mixes and their consolidated composites were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation shows that the nonmetal particles exhibit high irregular shapes and forms an extensive network of micro-pores in the consolidated composites. The acoustic absorbers made from the nonmetal particles exhibit excellent sound absorption ability in broadband frequency ranges. When the particle size is larger than 0.3 mm, the average absorption coefficients are 0.79 and 0.74 for the loose and consolidated materials in the frequency range from 100 to 6,400 Hz. It was found that the consolidation process did not significantly affect the absorption performance when the particle size is larger than 0.15 mm. All the results show that the reuse of nonmetal particles from WPCB as sound absorbing materials represents a promising way for waste recycling and can also resolve both the environment pollution and the noise pollution problems.
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Wu, Hang, Zifan Tang, Rui You, Shuting Pan, Wenpeng Liu, Hongxiang Zhang, Tiechuan Li, et al. "Manipulations of micro/nanoparticles using gigahertz acoustic streaming tweezers." Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 023001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0009954.
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Contactless acoustic manipulation of micro/nanoscale particles has attracted considerable attention owing to its near independence of the physical and chemical properties of the targets, making it universally applicable to almost all biological systems. Thin-film bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators operating at gigahertz (GHz) frequencies have been demonstrated to generate localized high-speed microvortices through acoustic streaming effects. Benefitting from the strong drag forces of the high-speed vortices, BAW-enabled GHz acoustic streaming tweezers (AST) have been applied to the trapping and enrichment of particles ranging in size from micrometers to less than 100 nm. However, the behavior of particles in such 3D microvortex systems is still largely unknown. In this work, the particle behavior (trapping, enrichment, and separation) in GHz AST is studied by theoretical analyses, 3D simulations, and microparticle tracking experiments. It is found that the particle motion in the vortices is determined mainly by the balance between the acoustic streaming drag force and the acoustic radiation force. This work can provide basic design principles for AST-based lab-on-a-chip systems for a variety of applications.
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Alishiri, Mehdi, Amir Hooman Hemmasi, Habibollah Khademi Eslam, Sedigheh Basirjafari, and Mohammad Talaeipour. "Evaluation and comparison the properties of acoustic boards made of date palm fiber." BioResources 16, no. 4 (September 30, 2021): 7702–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.4.7702-7715.
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Applying acoustic panels made of natural fibers, due to their high biodegradable characteristics, light weight, low density, cheap price and non-toxicity, are proper alternatives to acoustic absorbers made of synthetic fibers. Considering their stance and vast applicability in industry, the possibility of producing them of natural palm fibers with sodium silicate adhesive of 10 and 20% in two 16 and 32 mm thicknesses, 350 and 450 kg/m3 densities, 50 and 100 mm particles length (strands), as variable factors in 16 types of matched panels with 3 repetitions is proposed in this article. The palm-trunk discs constituted the control sample. The effect of variables on sound absorption coefficient was assessed. The effect of variable thickness and adhesive percentage on all frequencies was significant and the effect of density variable on all frequencies except 250 and 2000 Hz was also significant. The effect of particle length was significant except at the 500 Hz frequency. The effects of all variables on porosity were significant. The results of this study suggest that by applying date palm-trunk (an agricultural waste) combined with sodium silicate adhesive, industrial environment-friendly panels can be produced with proper sound absorption coefficient in the field of acoustics. This 32-mm-thick panel was composed of 80% date palm-trunk particles of 50 mm length, 450 kg/m3 density, and 20% sodium silicate adhesive.
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Ferrandez-García, Maria Teresa, Antonio Ferrandez-Garcia, Teresa Garcia-Ortuño, Clara Eugenia Ferrandez-Garcia, and Manuel Ferrandez-Villena. "Assessment of the Physical, Mechanical and Acoustic Properties of Arundo donax L. Biomass in Low Pressure and Temperature Particleboards." Polymers 12, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061361.
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Traditionally, plant fibres have been used as a raw material for manufacturing construction materials; however, in the last century, they have been replaced by new mineral and synthetic materials with manufacturing processes that consume a large amount of energy. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanical, physical and acoustic properties of panels made from giant reed residues. The article focuses on evaluating the acoustic absorption of the boards for use in buildings. The materials used were reed particles and urea–formaldehyde was used as an adhesive. The panels were produced with three particle sizes and the influence that this parameter had on the properties of the board was evaluated. To determine the absorption coefficient, samples were tested at frequencies ranging from 50 to 6300 Hz. The results showed that the boards had a medium absorption coefficient for the low and high frequency range, with significant differences depending on the particle size. The boards with 2–4 mm particles could be classified as Class D sound absorbers, while boards with particle sizes of 0.25–1 mm showed the greatest sound transmission loss. Unlike the acoustic properties, the smaller the particle size used, the better the mechanical properties of the boards. The results showed that this may be an appropriate sound insulation material for commercial use.
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Ahmad, Mansoor, Ayhan Bozkurt, and Omid Farhanieh. "Evaluation of acoustic-based particle separation methods." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 6 (December 2, 2019): 823–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2019-0167.
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Purpose This paper aims to Separation and sorting of biological cells is desirable in many applications for analyzing cell properties, such as disease diagnostics, drugs delivery, chemical processing and therapeutics. Design/methodology/approach Acoustic energy-based bioparticle separation is a simple, viable, bio-compatible and contact-less technique using, which can separate the bioparticles based on their density and size, with-out labeling the sample particles. Findings Conventionally available bioparticle separation techniques as fluorescence and immunomagnetic may cause a serious threat to the life of the cells due to various compatibility issues. Moreover, they also require an extra pre-processing labeling step. Contrarily, label-free separation can be considered as an alternative solution to the traditional bio-particle separation methods, due to their simpler operating principles and lower cost constraints. Acoustic based particle separation methods have captured a lot of attention among the other reported label-free particle separation techniques because of the numerous advantages it offers. Practical implications This study tries to briefly cover the developments of different acoustic-based particle separation techniques over the years. Unlike the conventional surveys on general bioparticles separation, this study is focused particularly on the acoustic-based particle separation. The study would provide a comprehensive guide for the future researchers especially working in the field of the acoustics, in studying and designing the acoustic-based particle separation techniques. Originality/value The study insights a brief theory of different types of acoustic waves and their interaction with the bioparticles is considered, followed by acoustic-based particle separation devices reported till the date. The integration of acoustic-based separation techniques with other methods and with each other is also discussed. Finally, all major aspects like the approach, and productivity, etc., of the adopted acoustic particle separation methods are sketched in this article.
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Yang, Jian, and Hejuan Chen. "A novel method of studying the micro-contact using surface acoustic wave sensor." Sensor Review 36, no. 4 (September 19, 2016): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-10-2015-0162.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the response behavior of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor under the loading of micro-particles and to evaluate the feasibility of using the SAW sensor to study the micro-contact of the particle–plane interface. Design/methodology/approach An analytical perturbation theory of the coupled system of particle and SAW is presented. It shows that in the weak-coupling regime, the SAW sensor detects the coupling stiffness rather than the additional mass of the particle at the interface. The frequency perturbation formula expressed in parameters of the geometry and mechanical properties of the contact is further derived. The frequency shift of a 262-MHz Rayleigh-type SAW in the oscillation configuration under the loading of multiple starch particles of different sizes has been measured. Findings The experiment results of a linear relationship between the frequency increase and the sum of the radius of particles to the power of 2/3 verified the validity of the theory of linking the SAW response to the geometry and mechanical properties of the contact. Originality/value The SAW sensor could serve as a new candidate for studying the details of mechanical properties of the micro-contact of the interface.
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Józefczak, Arkadiusz, Tomasz Hornowski, Anita Król, Matúš Molčan, Błażej Leszczyński, and Milan Timko. "The Effect of Sonication on Acoustic Properties of Biogenic Ferroparticle Suspension." Archives of Acoustics 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2016-0016.
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Abstract Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) synthesised chemically usually need the modification of the particle surface. Other natural sources of magnetic particles are various magnetotactic bacteria. Magnetosomes isolated from magnetotactic bacteria are organelles consisting of magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) crystals enclosed by a biological membrane. Magnetotactic bacteria produce their magnetic particles in chains. The process of isolation of magnetosome chains from the body of bacteria consists of a series of cycles of centrifugation and magnetic decantation. Using a high-energy ultrasound it is possible to break the magnetosome chains into individual nanoparticles – magnetosomes. This study presents the effect of sonication of magnetosome suspension on their acoustic properties, that is speed and attenuation of the sound. Acoustic propagation parameters are measured using ultrasonic spectroscopy based on FFT spectral analysis of the received pulses. The speed and attenuation of ultrasonic waves in magnetosome suspensions are analysed as a function of frequency, temperature, magnetic field intensity, and the angle between the direction of the wave and the direction of the field.
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Tavossi, H., and B. R. Tittmann. "Acoustic properties of porous model media of spherical particles." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99, no. 4 (April 1996): 2487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.415599.
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Chen, Xiao-Hui, Chuncai Xiao, and Jinbo Li. "Preparation of MgAl2O4-Coated Al2O3np and Migration of Ceramic Nanoparticles during Ultrasonic Processing of Aluminum Matrix Composites." Coatings 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111039.
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Composites reinforced by nano-ceramic particles typically result in the formation of clustering and a weak interface. The spatial distribution of particles and the wetting behavior remarkably affect the targeted properties. Here, a surface modification combined spatial control solution was demonstrated to prepare nanocomposites with homogeneous micro-structures. Poly-crystalline nano-MgAl2O4 particles that possess a good crystallographic orientation relationship with Al were coated on the surface of ceramic particles, and they were macro- and then microscopically dispersed in the melt by ultrasonic vibration with variable frequency. The reason this is that the acoustic pressure distributed in the Al melt can induce the acoustic streaming and cavitation. A model for calculating equilibrium particle migration velocity was proposed, based on which the distribution of particles could be controlled by adjusting the solidification rate and the size of particle clustering. The experimental results were validated by the prediction of the model. In addition, it was found that the relationship of the maximum radius angle with the contact angle was ω0=180°−θ, and ultrasonic vibration could provide enough energy for the later stage entering of particles to overcome the energy barrier.
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Huang, Si, Akio Ihara, Hideo Watanabe, and Hiroyuki Hashimoto. "Effects of Solid Particle Properties on Cavitation Erosion in Solid-Water Mixtures." Journal of Fluids Engineering 118, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835505.
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A systematic investigation has been carried out on cavitation erosion in solid-water mixtures using vibratory test facilities and some analytical devices. A mixture of distilled water and heterogeneous solid particles is used. It is shown in this work that solid particles play significant roles on acoustic cavitation erosion through two ways when present in liquids. They, aggravate the abrasive wear of materials owing to the effects of particle size, concentration, and hardness. In addition, they relieve the damage produced by the reduction of the collapse pressure of cavitation bubble because of the variation of the physical properties in mixtures. Total erosion is dependent on this governing factor.
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Song, Guochenhao, Zhuang Mo, and J. S. Bolton. "Experimental study and modeling of the level-dependent acoustical behavior of granular particle stacks." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A56—A57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015527.
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Researchers have previously observed elastic modulus softening and increased damping when granular particle stacks are exposed to progressively increasing acoustical excitation levels. However, the level-dependent behavior of granular particle stacks is not well understood, and there are no comprehensive approaches to modeling those effects. Earlier, the authors measured the absorption coefficient of a stack of one type of granular activated carbon stack by using signals having different bandwidths and levels. In the present work, five more types of granular particle stacks were studied to validate and generalize the previous conclusions: i.e., both the modulus softening, and increased damping can be characterized by the total RMS fluid displacement at the sample surface. Therefore, a strain-dependent modulus and damping formula from the literature (based on cyclic loading tests on sand particles) was converted into a total RMS fluid displacement-dependent formula (based on acoustic measurements). In addition, a multi-layered model based on this displacement-dependent formula has been developed to iteratively update each layer’s modulus, damping, and total RMS fluid displacement to solve for the particle stack’s acoustic properties. This approach allows modeling of the particle stack’s acoustical behavior by using a single set of parameters, even for different level and bandwidth test signals.
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LIU, YANG, and KIAN-MENG LIM. "PARTICLE TRANSPORT ACROSS BI-FLUID INTERFACE USING ACOUSTIC RADIATION FORCE." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 13 (May 30, 2010): 1397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910023712.
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A bi-fluid micro-flow system is proposed for separating particles from its original solvent and re-diluting them into another solvent simultaneously. In this micro-flow system, two different miscible solvents flow parallel to each other through a 2-inlet-2-outlet micro-channel, where an acoustic standing wave is set up. Due to the differences in acoustic properties of these solvents, the pressure node of the acoustic wave is shifted from the middle line of the channel. Under the action of the acoustic radiation force, particles with positive ϕ-factors are extracted from their original solvent and re-suspended into the other solvent, wherein the pressure node resides. Particles suspended in the new solvent are collected at one of the two outlets downstream. Experiments were conducted on a prototype using two aqueous solutions: deionized water and 40% glycerin aqueous solution with polystyrene micro-particles. The results show that under the action of the acoustic standing wave, most of the particles were successfully transported from its original solvent to the other solvent and collected at the outlet.
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Shabaniverki, Soheila, and Jaime J. Juárez. "Directed Assembly of Particles for Additive Manufacturing of Particle-Polymer Composites." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (August 7, 2021): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080935.
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Particle-polymer dispersions are ubiquitous in additive manufacturing (AM), where they are used as inks to create composite materials with applications to wearable sensors, energy storage materials, and actuation elements. It has been observed that directional alignment of the particle phase in the polymer dispersion can imbue the resulting composite material with enhanced mechanical, electrical, thermal or optical properties. Thus, external field-driven particle alignment during the AM process is one approach to tailoring the properties of composites for end-use applications. This review article provides an overview of externally directed field mechanisms (e.g., electric, magnetic, and acoustic) that are used for particle alignment. Illustrative examples from the AM literature show how these mechanisms are used to create structured composites with unique properties that can only be achieved through alignment. This article closes with a discussion of how particle distribution (i.e., microstructure) affects mechanical properties. A fundamental description of particle phase transport in polymers could lead to the development of AM process control for particle-polymer composite fabrication. This would ultimately create opportunities to explore the fundamental impact that alignment has on particle-polymer composite properties, which opens up the possibility of tailoring these materials for specific applications.
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Merlino, Robert L. "25 years of dust acoustic waves." Journal of Plasma Physics 80, no. 6 (June 25, 2014): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377814000312.
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The dust acoustic wave (DAW) was first discussed by P. K. Shukla in May of 1989 at the First Capri Workshop on Dusty Plasmas. In the past 25 years, the subsequent publication of the linear and nonlinear properties of the DAW (Rao, N. N., Shukla, P. K. and Yu, M. Y. 1990 Planet. Space Sci.38, 543) has generated and sustained a large body of theoretical and experimental research that has clarified the physics of collective effects in dusty plasmas. A unique feature of the DAW is that it can be observed (literally) using laser illumination and high-speed videography, revealing details of wave-particle interactions at an unprecedented single particle level. This paper attempts to review some of the contributions and extensions of dust acoustic wave physics, as well as identify recent findings that illustrate the potential importance of this dust wave in the agglomeration of dust particles.
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Mo, Zhuang, Guochenhao Song, J. Stuart Bolton, Seungkyu Lee, and Yongbeom Seo. "Predicting acoustic performance of high surface area particle stacks with a poro-elastic model." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2437.
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Because of the high sound absorption they offer at low frequencies, there is a growing interest in high surface area particles and how they might be applied in noise control. Therefore, a model that can accurately predict the acoustic behavior of this type of materials will be useful in relevant applications. A poro-elastic model based on a combination of Biot theory and an existing rigid model of granular activated carbon (GAC) is introduced in the current work. The input parameters for this model consist of a certain number of properties that are known by measurement, and a set of values obtained by matching the model prediction with acoustic measurements. Measured absorption coefficients and surface impedance of stacks of several types of different activated carbon particles are shown in this paper. A fitting procedure that determines the unknown parameters is also described. It is shown that the model is able to predict the acoustic behavior of the particle stacks, and especially to capture the frame resonances at low frequencies, thus, validating the proposed model. Beyond the activated carbon used in the present tests, it is reasonable to generalize this model to stacks of other high surface area particles.
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Jeger-Madiot, Nathan, Mauricio Hoyos, and Jean-Luc Aider. "Design and characterization of a broadband multi-node bulk acoustic wave device for acoustofluidic applications." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011306.
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The classic approaches to generate the Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF) in a standing wave cavity are based on the use of a specific height for the cavity and a narrow-band acoustic frequency to reach the resonance. We present a robust multi-node cavity working over a broadband range of frequency. This approach allows large acoustophoresis manipulations. The design of a transparent cavity and the use of a broadband ultrasonic transducer allowed the characterization of the acoustic energy and the comparison with a simple 1-D model. The acoustic properties of the system were estimated through the effects of the acoustic radiation forces on particles suspension. From the particle velocities induced by the ARF, measured with a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) approach, we deduced the acoustic energy over a large frequency range. The automation of the setup allowed the acquisition of a large amount of data to make parametric studies. The results show a wide continuous operating range for the acoustic radiation forces. Furthermore, the occurrence of the resonance peaks allows an increase by a factor ten of the force magnitude. This broadband effect also enables an accurate control of the node positions by tuning the proper acoustic frequency.
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Russo, Clementina R., and Emmanuel S. Boss. "An Evaluation of Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters as Sensors to Obtain the Concentration of Suspended Mass in Water." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 29, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-11-00074.1.
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Abstract During the last two decades, acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) and other acoustic sensors have been used by researchers in the ocean science community to acquire information on current velocity and turbulence. More recently, acoustic backscatter systems (ABS) and acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) have been investigated for their use in determining sediment concentrations and particle sizes. Acoustic systems tend to be less prone to biofouling than optical turbidity sensors, and the high-frequency velocity measurements allow for a direct estimation of turbulence by the flux of particulate materials. This work investigates the responses of two commercially available ADVs to changes in mass concentrations of particles. A careful laboratory characterization of each sensor’s response to concentrations of three different size classes of polymer beads is evaluated and compared with the predicted response from acoustic scattering theory. Within uncertainties, experimental results are shown to agree with theory and these results demonstrate that, if the basic acoustic properties of the scatterers are known or if a local, vicarious calibration is performed, then ADV-type sensors can provide a robust estimate of particle concentrations from the measured acoustic return.
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Silin, V. P. "Ion-Acoustic Turbulence in Plasmas." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 57, no. 3 (March 30, 2012): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe57.3.322.
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The new properties of plasmas with ion-acoustic turbulence (IAT) related to the turbulent heating of particles are discussed. We expound the ideas of the coarsened theory of IAT, which allows one to describe the strong heating of particles. The description of the competition of the electron heating and the ion heating allows us to open the discussion about the finite existence time of IAT and to give some estimation of such time. It is also demonstrated that theusual model of IAT the yields time-dependent electric conductivity in a constant-strength electric field and a nonlinear time dispersion for the conductivity in a quasistationary field.
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Sukhanov, D. Ya, and A. E. Kuzovova. "Numerical modeling of anisotropic properties of a solid by particle dynamics method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2140, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2140/1/012018.
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Abstract A method is proposed for the numerical simulation of acoustic processes in solids based on the particle dynamics approach for describing the anisotropic properties of a solid. It is proposed to consider a solid body in the form of an array of particles located in a cubic body-centered crystal lattice. To set the anisotropic properties of a solid, it is proposed to use its own proportionality force to shift coefficient for each direction. Based on the results of numerical simulation, the dependence of the longitudinal wave velocity on the direction is shown.
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Józefczak, A., and R. Wlazło. "Ultrasonic Studies of Emulsion Stability in the Presence of Magnetic Nanoparticles." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/398219.
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Pickering emulsions are made of solid particle-stabilized droplets suspended in an immiscible continuous liquid phase. A magnetic emulsion can be obtained using magnetic particles. Solid magnetic nanoparticles are adsorbed strongly at the oil-water interface and are able to stabilize emulsions of oil and water. In this work emulsions stabilized by magnetite nanoparticles were obtained using high-energy ultrasound waves and a cavitation mechanism and, next, their stability in time was tested by means of acoustic waves with a low energy, without affecting the structure. An acoustic study showed high stability in time of magnetic emulsions stabilized by magnetite particles. The study also showed a strong influence of an external magnetic field, which can lead to changes of the emulsion properties. It is possible to control Pickering emulsion stability with the help of an external stimulus—a magnetic field.
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Dakok, Kyermang Kyense, Mohammed Zubir Matjafri, Nursakinah Suardi, Ammar Anwar Oglat, and Seth Ezra Nabasu Nabasu. "A blood-mimicking fluid with cholesterol as scatter particles for wall-less carotid artery phantom applications." Journal of Ultrasonography 21, no. 86 (August 16, 2021): e219-e224. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/jou.2021.0035.
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Aim of the study: At present, there are few scatter particles used in preparing blood-mimicking fluids, such as nylon, sephadex, polystyrene microsphere, and poly(4-methystyrene). In this study, we present cholesterol as a new scatter particle for blood-mimicking fluid preparation. Materials and methods: The procedure for the preparation of the proposed blood-mimicking fluid involved the use of propylene glycol, D(+)-Glucose and distilled water to form a ternary mixture fluid, with cholesterol used as scatter particles. Polyethylene glycol was first used as part of the mixture fluid but the acoustic and physical properties were not suitable, leading to its replacement with D(+)-Glucose, which is soluble in water and has a higher density. A common carotid artery wall-less phantom was also produced to assess the flow properties. Results: The prepared blood-mimicking fluid with new scatter particles has a density of 1.067 g/cm3, viscosity of 4.1 mPa.s, speed of sound 1600 m/s, and attenuation of 0.192 dB/cm at 5 MHz frequency. Peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity and mean velocity measurements were gotten to be 40.2 ± 2.4 cm/s, 9.9 ± 1.4 cm/s, and 24.0 ± 1.8 cm/s, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, the blood-mimicking fluid was found suitable for ultrasound applications in carotid artery wall-less phantoms because of its good acoustic and physical properties.
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Ferrandez-Villena, Manuel, Antonio Ferrandez-Garcia, Teresa Garcia-Ortuño, and Maria Teresa Ferrandez-Garcia. "Acoustic and Thermal Properties of Particleboards Made from Mulberry Wood (Morus alba L.) Pruning Residues." Agronomy 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081803.
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The aim of this study was to determine the acoustic and thermal properties of particleboards made from mulberry wood pruning waste using urea formaldehyde resin (UF) as a binder. The investigation focused on the evaluation of the thermal conductivity and the acoustic absorption of the boards and the assessment of their feasibility for use in the construction sector. The mean thermal conductivity values of the particleboards (0.065–0.068 W/mK) were lower than those obtained in wood and similar to those in cork panels. The samples were tested with frequencies from 50 to 6300 Hz. In all cases, the results allowed us to conclude that they were better sound absorbers than commercial wood and plywood panels of the same average density for low frequencies, and with similar values for medium and high frequencies. The mechanical results reached the minimum requirement to be considered as boards for general use and, specifically with particles from 0.25 to 1.00 mm, for furniture according to European standards. The particle size of the particleboards was the variable that influenced all the acoustic properties, but did not affect the thermal conductivity. The experimental results indicated that the thermal and acoustic properties of these particleboards were promising for their application in commercial uses.
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Tandar, Clara E., Ryan Dubay, Eric Darling, and Jason Fiering. "Cell-like microparticles with tunable acoustic properties for calibrating devices." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015454.
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Mechanophenotype of biological cells has demonstrated correlation with biomolecular states and cell function. Hence, new methods to measure mechanophenotype at high throughput are of growing interest. Acoustophoretic microdevices can characterize cell mechanical features; however, calibration particles with physiologically relevant properties are needed to quantify and optimize device performance. Currently, conventional polymer microspheres are rigid and do not replicate cell deformation and compressibility. To address this, we developed monodisperse, tunable, cell-like microparticles (MPs) from polyacrylamide hydrogel, fabricated with a microfluidic droplet generator. Size and compressibility are adjusted by fabrication parameters, and density is adjusted by incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs). Here, we present for the first time microparticles of reduced density and acoustic contrast (lower than unloaded MPs) achieved by loading MPs with nanoparticles of low molecular weight alkanes. We produced the NPs by sonication and photopolymerization before addition to the MP precursor. NP-loaded MPs were less dense than unloaded MPs at 1005.9 and 1013.6kg/m3, respectively, and they exhibited negative acoustic contrast by acoustophoresis in aqueous medium while that of unloaded MPs was positive. These new particles extend the tunable range of acoustic contrast, mimicking and exceeding that of most biological cells and could also aid cell separation when conjugated to cells.
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Mohanty, Amiya, and Raja Kumar. "Acoustic and structural damping properties of fibrogranular composites made of jute and crumb rubber." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 264, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc-2022-720.
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Synthetic materials are mostly used in sound absorption and structural damping that cause harm to the environment and living beings. Previous studies have shown that jute and jute-derived composites are excellent sound-absorbing fibrous materials. The recent study also shows that the inclusion of granular particles like crumb rubber in the fiber enhances sound absorption. Fibrogranular material of natural and recycled material is an alternative to synthetic material. This study aims to characterize the effect of granular material, i.e., crumb rubber with the jute fiber, to understand the effect of granular particles on the jute fiber for sound absorption and the structural damping properties. Further, the size of crumb rubber is varied to understand its effect on the sound-absorbing and structural damping properties. The impedance tube transfer function method is used to measure the acoustic properties for normal incidence of sound. Then the measured acoustic properties are used to inverse characterize using the classical porous material model to evaluate the non-acoustic parameters, which is further used to characterize the structural damping properties based on the existing methodologies. The study discusses the sound absorption and structural damping properties of jute and crumb rubber fibrogranular composite
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Scarpa, F., W. A. Bullough, and P. Lumley. "Trends in acoustic properties of iron particle seeded auxetic polyurethane foam." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 218, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440604322887099.
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The sound absorption characteristic of a clean, open-cell configuration, typical polyurethane flexible foam is shown against that of an auxetic foam made from it, and this same foam after it has been seeded with a magnetorheological fluid (then dried), having 2–5 μm carbonyl iron particles and subjected to zero, weak and concentrated magnetic fields in an acoustic impedance tube facility. The resultant foam indicates the capability of shifting the peak acoustic absorption coefficient within a given frequency bandwidth when constant intensity magnetic fields are applied.
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Johan Ooi, Mahayatun Dayana, Abdul Aziz Azlan, and Mat Johar Abdullah. "Properties of ZnO Rod-Like Structures Due to Collapse of Bubble Implosion Process." Materials Science Forum 756 (May 2013): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.756.3.
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In this work, a chemically grown ZnO rod – like structure is produced via precipitation and post – sonication treatment based on the hydrolysis of zinc iodide (ZnI2) and diethanolamine (DEA). ZnO rod – like structures with aspect ratio of 3 to 4(diameter of 235 nm and 800 nm in length) was observed from the TEM micrograph.The as-synthesized ZnO wurtzite structure was compared to sample without ultrasonic irradiation treatment to study the effect of bubble implosion on the formation of the particle. In contrast to particles treated with ultrasonic irradiation, micron sized and agglomerated particles were observed in sample without the treatment. The mechanism related to acoustic cavitations and the formation of rod – like structure is explained. The XRD results show polycrystalline structure on both samples. The optical property of ZnO was evaluated using room temperature UV - Visible absorption spectroscopy. The result showed an absorption peak at 381 nm in wavelength.
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Clark, Farmehini, Spiers, Woolf, Swami, and Landers. "Real Time Electronic Feedback for Improved Acoustic Trapping of Micron-Scale Particles." Micromachines 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10070489.
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Acoustic differential extraction has been previously reported as a viable alternative to the repetitive manual pipetting and centrifugation steps for isolating sperm cells from female epithelial cells in sexual assault sample evidence. However, the efficiency of sperm cell isolation can be compromised in samples containing an extremely large number of epithelial cells. When highly concentrated samples are lysed, changes to the physicochemical nature of the medium surrounding the cells impacts the acoustic frequency needed for optimal trapping. Previous work has demonstrated successful, automated adjustment of acoustic frequency to account for changes in temperature and buffer properties in various samples. Here we show that, during acoustic trapping, real-time monitoring of voltage measurements across the piezoelectric transducer correlates with sample-dependent changes in the medium. This is achieved with a wideband peak detector circuit, which identifies the resonant frequency with minimal disruption to the applied voltage. We further demonstrate that immediate, corresponding adjustments to acoustic trapping frequency provides retention of sperm cells from high epithelial cell-containing mock sexual assault samples.
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Thorne, P. D. "An overview of underwater sound generated by inter-particle collisions and its application to the measurements of coarse sediment bedload transport." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 2, no. 2 (July 9, 2014): 605–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-2-605-2014.
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Abstract. Over the past two to three decades the concept of using sound generated by the interparticle collisions of mobile bed material, has been investigated to assess if underwater sound can be utilised as a proxy for the estimation of bedload transport. In principle the acoustic approach is deemed to have the potential to provide non-instrusive, continuous, high temporal resolution measurements of bedload transport. It has been considered that the intensity of the sound radiated should be related to the ammount of mobile material and the frequency spectrum to the size of the material. To be able to fully realise this use of acoustics requires an understanding of the parameters which control the generation of sound as particles impact. In the present work the aim is to provide marine scientists developing acoustics to measure bedload transport with a description of how sound is generated when particles undergo collision underwater. To investigate the properties of the sound generated, examples are provided under different conditions of impact. It is considered that an understanding of the origins of the sound generation, will provide a basis for the interpretation of acoustic data collected in the marine environment, for the study of bedload sediment transport processes.
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Thorne, P. D. "An overview of underwater sound generated by interparticle collisions and its application to the measurements of coarse sediment bedload transport." Earth Surface Dynamics 2, no. 2 (December 23, 2014): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-531-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Over the past 2 to 3 decades the concept of using sound generated by the interparticle collisions of mobile bed material has been investigated to assess if underwater sound can be utilised as a proxy for the estimation of bedload transport. In principle the acoustic approach is deemed to have the potential to provide non-intrusive, continuous, high-temporal-resolution measurements of bedload transport. It has been considered that the intensity of the sound radiated should be related to the amount of mobile material and the frequency spectrum to the size of the material. To be able to fully realise this use of acoustics requires an understanding of the parameters which control the generation of sound as particles impact. In the present work the aim is to provide scientists developing acoustics to measure bedload transport with a description of how sound is generated when particles undergo collision underwater. To investigate the properties of the sound generated, examples are provided under different conditions of impact. It is considered that providing an overview of the origins of the sound generation will provide a basis for the interpretation of acoustic data, collected in the marine environment for the study of bedload sediment transport processes.
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Barbaresco, Federica, Luisa Racca, Luca Spigarelli, Matteo Cocuzza, Simone Luigi Marasso, Candido Fabrizio Pirri, and Giancarlo Canavese. "Focalization Performance Study of a Novel Bulk Acoustic Wave Device." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 6, 2021): 2630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102630.
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This work illustrates focalization performances of a silicon-based bulk acoustic wave device applied for the separation of specimens owing to micrometric dimensions. Samples are separated in the microfluidic channel by the presence of an acoustic field, which focalizes particles or cells according to their mechanical properties compared to the surrounded medium ones. Design and fabrication processes are reported, followed by focalization performance tests conducted either with synthetic particles or cells. High focalization performances occurred at different microparticle concentrations. In addition, preliminary tests carried out with HL-60 cells highlighted an optimal separation performance at a high flow rate and when cells are mixed with micro and nanoparticles without affecting device focalization capabilities. These encouraging results showed how this bulk acoustic wave device could be exploited to develop a diagnostic tool for early diagnosis or some specific target therapies by separating different kinds of cells or biomarkers possessing different mechanical properties such as shapes, sizes and densities.
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de Korte, C. L., E. I. Céspedes, A. F. W. van der Steen, B. Norder, and K. te Nijenhuis. "Elastic and Acoustic Properties of Vessel Mimicking Material for Elasticity Imaging." Ultrasonic Imaging 19, no. 2 (April 1997): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173469701900202.
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The mechanical and acoustic properties of agar-gelatin gels, used to construct vessel mimicking phantoms for ultrasonic elasticity studies, were investigated. Gels with varying compression moduli were made using a gelatin solution (8% by weight) with a variable amount of agar(1%-3% by weight). Carborundum particles were added as scattering material. The compression modulus was determined using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The dependence of the compression modulus and the acoustic parameters on the agar concentration, as well as on the age and the temperature of the samples, was investigated. The results show that the compression modulus is strongly influenced by these factors, while the effect on the acoustic parameters is less. Compression moduli spanning a useful range for vascular phantom construction with realistic acoustic parameters can be achieved by varying the amount of agar. Phantoms constructed from these gels are well suited to serve as a model for plaque containing vessels.
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Koch, Kevin, Volodymyr Kietov, Sebastian Henschel, and Lutz Krüger. "Effect of ceramic particles on the dynamic strength, deformation and toughness behavior of 42CrMo4." EPJ Web of Conferences 250 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125003001.
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In this study, the effect of non-metallic inclusions on the material behavior of 42CrMo4 was investigated. By adding aluminum oxide particles to steel powder, different inclusion contents were simulated. The mechanical and fracture toughness properties were measured under dynamic loading. The damage was examined using the acoustic emissions. With an increasing inclusion content, a decreasing strength, deformability and fracture toughness were observed. The distribution of the inclusions along the surfaces of the prior steel particles lead to small distances between inclusions and favors the initiation of cracks at low stress. The early appearance of material damage was proven by acoustic emissions.
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Fa, Lin, Lili Li, Hong Gong, Wenhui Chen, Jing Jiang, Guoqiang You, Jifeng Liang, Yandong Zhang, and Meishan Zhao. "Investigation of the Physical Mechanism of Acoustic Attenuation in Viscous Isotropic Solids." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091526.
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The traditional acoustic attenuation coefficient is derived from an analogy of the attenuation of an electromagnetic wave propagating inside a non-ideal medium, featuring only the attenuation of wave propagation. Nonetheless, the particles inside viscous solids have mass, vibrating energy, viscosity, and inertia of motion, and they go through transient and damping attenuation processes. Based on the long-wavelength approximation, in this paper, we use the energy conservation law to analyze the effect of the viscosity of the medium on acoustic attenuation. We derive the acoustic attenuation coefficient by combinations of the dynamical equation of a solid in an acoustic field with conventional longitudinal wave propagation under a spring oscillator model. Considering the attenuation of propagating waves and the damping attenuation of particle vibration, we develop a frequency dispersion relation of phase velocity for the longitudinal wave propagating inside viscous solid media. We find that the acoustic impulse response and vibrational system function depends on the physical properties of the viscous solid media and their internal structure. Combined with system function, the impulse response can be an excellent tool to invert the physical properties of solids and their internal structures. We select a well-known rock sample for analysis, calculate the impulse response and vibrational system function, and reveal new physical insight into creating acoustic attenuation and frequency dispersion of phase velocity. The results showed that the newly developed acoustic attenuation coefficients enjoy a substantial improvement over the conventional acoustic attenuation coefficients reported in the literature, which is essential for industrial applications; so are the dispersion characteristics.
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Kim, Noh Yu, Hee Joon Kim, Se Woong Oh, N. Hozumi, Cheol Kyou Lee, and Min Sung Hong. "Ultrasonic Measurement of Elastic Properties of Nanostructured Alumina." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1711.
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In this paper, elastic moduli of nanostructured alumina are evaluated by simultaneous measurement of longitudinal and shear wave velocities using mode-converted ultrasound in scanning acoustic microscope (SAM). Mode-converted longitudinal and shear waves inside alumina sample are captured to calculate acoustic wave velocities and determine elastic constants such as Young’s modulus and Bulk modulus. Al2O3 nanostructured alumina samples are formed by compacting micro-sized Al2O3 powder with nano-sized Al2O3 powder from 10wt% to 50wt%, and tested by SAM to investigate elastic moduli. A correlation is found from experiment that the more percentage of nano-particles are added, the higher elastic moduli are obtained. It is also shown that the mode-converted ultrasound is sensitive enough to characterize mechanical modulus of nanostructured alumina quantitatively.
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Wu, Shu Sen, Jian Yu Li, Ping An, and Shu Lin Lü. "Particle Distribution and Mechanical Properties of Nano-SiCP/Al-Cu Composites." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 2060–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2060.
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Generally it is difficult to disperse nanosized particles uniformly in metal matrix. In this paper nanoSiC particles reinforced Al-5%Cu matrix composites were prepared by molten-metal process, combined with high energy ball-milling and ultrasonic vibration methods. Ultrasonic vibration treatment (UV) has been successfully used to disperse the particles distribution of nanoSiCp particles in the matrix. Big aggregates of particles are eliminated by the effects of cavitation and the acoustic streaming of UV for 1 min. All the particles aggregates are eliminated and the particles are uniformly distributed in the melt after treated by UV for 5 min. The refinement of Al2Cu phase in Al-Cu alloy is more obvious and more uniform distributed with the increase of UV time. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength and elongation of the 1wt% nanosized SiCp/Al-5Cu composites treated by UV for 5 min are increased by 37%, 9.5% and 270% respectively, compared with the untreated composites.
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Dinislamova, Olga A., Antonina V. Bugayova, Tatyana F. Shklyar, Alexander P. Safronov, and Felix A. Blyakhman. "Echogenic Advantages of Ferrogels Filled with Magnetic Sub-Microparticles." Bioengineering 8, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8100140.
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Ultrasonic imaging of ferrogels (FGs) filled with magnetic nanoparticles does not reflect the inner structure of FGs due to the small size of particles. To determine whether larger particle size would improve the acoustic properties of FGs, biocompatible hydrogels filled with 100–400 nm iron oxide magnetic sub-microparticles with weight fraction up to 23.3% were synthesized and studied. Polymeric networks of synthesized FGs were comprised of chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide with interpenetrating physical network of natural polysaccharide—Guar or Xanthan. Cylindrical samples approximately 10 mm in height and 13 mm in diameter were immersed in a water bath and examined using medical ultrasound (8.5 MHz). The acoustic properties of FGs were characterized by the intensity of reflected echo signal. It was found that the echogenicity of sub-microparticles provides visualization not only of the outer geometry of the gel sample but of its inner structure as well. In particular, the echogenicity of FGs interior depended on the concentration of magnetic particles in the FGs network. The ultrasound monitoring of the shape, dimensions, and inner structure of FGs in the applied external magnetic field is demonstrated. It is especially valuable for the application of FGs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Clemo, W. Cyrus, and Kelly M. Dorgan. "Impacts of infaunal activity and physical disturbance on acoustic properties of muddy coastal sediments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150, no. 4 (October 2021): A351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0008555.
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Storm disturbance of shallow coastal sediments can resuspend subtidal sediment and transport and deposit sand from beach erosion, creating sorted layers of differing grain sizes. These sediments provide habitat for diverse and abundant infaunal organisms that mix these layers (bioturbation), but how the reestablishment of disturbance-tolerant infauna affects recently disturbed sediment structure, including acoustic properties, is poorly understood. In this laboratory study, we compared the effects of physical disturbance (resuspension of surface muddy sediment and addition of sand, simulating a storm), infaunal activities (burrowing by brittle stars), and the combination of both on acoustic properties of sediments. We hypothesized that acoustic properties would reflect faster reconsolidation and more mixing of the initial mud layer with the deposited sand in sediment with infauna compared to defaunated sediment. At several timepoints following disturbance (1–14 days), we measured sound speed and attenuation at 400 kHz at multiple depths within and below the resuspended layer. After 14 days, we measured porosity, grain size, and bioturbation with tracer particles to relate to acoustic properties. Infaunal effects on post-storm sediment structure may be important to consider for acoustic mapping of reconsolidating sediment in shallow coastal areas.
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Niksiar, Pooya, Frances Su, Michael Frank, Taylor Ogden, Steven Naleway, Marc Meyers, Joanna McKittrick, and Michael Porter. "External Field Assisted Freeze Casting." Ceramics 2, no. 1 (March 24, 2019): 208–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics2010018.
Full textAbstract:
Freeze casting under external fields (magnetic, electric, or acoustic) produces porous materials having local, regional, and global microstructural order in specific directions. In freeze casting, porosity is typically formed by the directional solidification of a liquid colloidal suspension. Adding external fields to the process allows for structured nucleation of ice and manipulation of particles during solidification. External control over the distribution of particles is governed by a competition of forces between constitutional supercooling and electromagnetism or acoustic radiation. Here, we review studies that apply external fields to create porous ceramics with different microstructural patterns, gradients, and anisotropic alignments. The resulting materials possess distinct gradient, core–shell, ring, helical, or long-range alignment and enhanced anisotropic mechanical properties.
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Al Zaitone, Belal, Abdulrahim Al-Zahrani, Osama Ahmed, Usman Saeed, and Aqeel Ahmad Taimoor. "Spray Drying of PEG6000 Suspension: Reaction Engineering Approach (REA) Modeling of Single Droplet Drying Kinetics." Processes 10, no. 7 (July 13, 2022): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10071365.
Full textAbstract:
The spray drying technique is suitable for different kinds of liquid dispersions and can be easily optimized to produce solid particles with tailored properties. The spray drying technique is a complex process. As an example, it is difficult to track drying kinetics, shape, and morphological changes on the scale of a single droplet. To better understand the effect of drying process variables on dried particle formation, it is useful to observe the drying of single droplets. Fundamental processes, such as mass and heat transfer, can then be easily monitored and compared with theoretical models. Acoustic levitation enables droplet/particle suspension in the air without any mechanical contact. Experiments in the acoustic levitator can be used to mimic the drying process in the spray dryer. The drying kinetics of single droplets of PEG6000 into solid particles was studied. Droplets with an initial polymer concentration (PEG6000 aqueous solution of 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w)) were investigated at different gas drying temperatures. The size of the droplet, moisture content, and the shape evolution of the droplet/particle during the drying process were studied. The experimental drying curves were compared with the Reaction Engineering Approach (REA). The REA models were shown to provide a very good agreement for drying behavior, with a relative error of about ±3% between the initial and predicted droplet mass. This model can be implemented into the large-scale modeling of spray drying using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).
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Polikanov, Yury S., and Peter B. Moore. "Acoustic vibrations contribute to the diffuse scatter produced by ribosome crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 71, no. 10 (September 26, 2015): 2021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004715013838.
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The diffuse scattering pattern produced by frozen crystals of the 70S ribosome fromThermus thermophilusis as highly structured as it would be if it resulted entirely from domain-scale motions within these particles. However, the qualitative properties of the scattering pattern suggest that acoustic displacements of the crystal lattice make a major contribution to it.
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Wu, Jiangyu, Meimei Feng, Guansheng Han, Xiaoyan Ni, and Zhanqing Chen. "Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Cemented Paste Backfill under Different Gradations of Aggregate Particles and Types and Contents of Cementing Materials." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (January 15, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9456861.
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Obtaining the optimal gradation of aggregate particles is beneficial for improving the strength of cemented paste backfill (CPB). Consequently, the uniaxial compression tests with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring were performed on CPB, for which the aggregate particles satisfied the Talbot grading theory. The effects of the Talbot indices of aggregate particles and types and contents of cementing materials on the mechanical properties of CPB were analyzed. The AE characteristics and stress-strain behaviors of CPB were discussed. The results show that the specific Talbot index reflected the optimal strength and deformation properties of CPB is 0.45, and the maximum UCS is 7.6 MPa. The mechanical properties of CPB also can be optimized by changing the type of cementing material and increasing the content of cementing material. The effects of the Talbot indices of aggregate particles and types and contents of cementing materials on the crack damages reflected by the AE signals of CPB are mainly observed in the oa stage and ab stage during the loading process.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Proparyation of Low frequency microwave in dusty Plasma." Baghdad Science Journal 5, no. 3 (September 7, 2008): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.5.3.374-378.
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The numerical simulation for the low frequency waves in dusty plasma has been studied. The studying was done by taking two special cases depending on the direction of the propagation of the wave:First, when the propagation is parallel to the magnetic field K//B,this mode is called acoustic mode.Second,when K B this mode is called cyclotron mode.In addition, every one of the two modes divided into two modes depending on the range of the frequency.The Coulomb coupling parameter was studied, with temperature T,density of the dust particles Nd ,and the charge of the particle Qd.The low frequency electrostatic waves in dusty grains were studied. Also, the properties of ion-acoustic waves and ion-cyclotron waves are shown to modify even through the dust grains do not participate in the wave dynamics. If the dust dynamics induced in the analysis, new “ dust modes “ appear.
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Chotiros, Nicholas P. "Salinity, force chains, and creep in muddy sediments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015841.
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The salinity of sediments is not usually measured. Experience with sandy sediments shows that it has no significant effect on the acoustic properties. In muddy sediments, salinity is critical to the skeletal frame, because it causes the clay particles to flocculate, forming an aggregate of larger particles with significant water fraction. It behaves like a granular medium, in which stress is transmitted along random force chains. Mud is known to suffer from creep, and the force chain model fits neatly into creep theory. It may be modeled as a form of stationary creep, which is linear in many respects. No net strain-hardening is involved. The result is a creep model of the skeletal frame that naturally couples into the Biot theory of porous media. It predicts an attenuation that increases linearly with frequency at low frequencies, which is overtaken by viscous attenuation that increases as the second power of frequency and high frequencies. [Work supported by ONR, Ocean Acoustics Program.]
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Xu, Qiyan, Zhanghan Gu, Ziwei Wan, Baoguo Wu, and Qian Xie. "Influence of the Application of a Sound Field on the Flow State Reduction of Newman Fine Iron Ore." Processes 9, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040725.
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To improve the fluidization of the fluidized bed in ironmaking, the particle loss and bonding during the fluidized bed are largely removed by changing the properties of the particle surface or by adding an external field. Currently, the vibration, magnetic, sound, and electric fields have been commonly applied to provide external energy to the fluidization bed systems. In this work, experiments are conducted for Newman ore particles under the application of an external sound field at a reduction temperature of 1023 K, linear velocity of 0.6 m/s, duration of 60 min, pressure of 0.2 MPa, and typical mineral powder particle size of 80–100 mesh, with H2 used as the reducing gas. The power and frequency of the ultrasonic field are varied, and the effects of sound field are evaluated by the comparative analysis of the effects of the sound field with different powers of sound fields and application times on the metallization rate and binder ratio of the samples. The acoustic pressure and frequency were varied to determine the critical speed and influence on the bed and to study the interactions of the iron ore powder particles in the sound field and the bonding mechanism of the particles. The results of this paper reproduce the actual particle fluidization process and analysis of the interactions of the particles in the sound field well. The influence of the external sound field on the gas-solid flow was studied from the perspective of macroscopic motion and force analysis.
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Langde, A. M., and R. L. Sonolikar. "The influence of acoustic field and frequency on hydrodynamics of group B particles." Thermal Science 15, no. 1 (2011): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci100120054l.
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Sound Assisted Fluidized Bed (SAFB) of group B particles (180?m glass bead) has been studied in a 46mm I.D. column with aspect ratios of 1.4 and 2.9. A loudspeaker mounted on the top of the bed was supplied by a function generator with square wave to generate the sound as the source of vibration of the fluidized bed. The sound pressure level (referred to 20?pa) was varied from 102 to 140dB and frequencies from 70Hz to 170Hz were applied. The effects of sound pressure level, sound frequency and particle loading on the properties of SAFB were investigated. The experimental result showed that the minimum fluidization velocity decreased with the increase in sound pressure level, also minimum fluidization velocity was varied with variation of frequencies. At resonance frequency minimum fluidization velocity was found to be minimum. The bed height did not show an appreciable increase in presence of high acoustic field and at resonant frequency. Minimum fluidization velocity verses frequency curve in presence of sound intensity varied with variation of bed weight.
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Hodak, Jose H., Arnim Henglein, and Gregory V. Hartland. "Size dependent properties of Au particles: Coherent excitation and dephasing of acoustic vibrational modes." Journal of Chemical Physics 111, no. 18 (November 8, 1999): 8613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480202.
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Ortega, J. Alberto, Franz-Josef Ulm, and Younane Abousleiman. "The nanogranular acoustic signature of shale." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 3 (May 2009): D65—D84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3097887.
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A multiscale, micromechanics model has been developed for the prediction of anisotropic acoustic properties of shale. The model is based on the recently identified nanogranular mechanical response of shale through indentation experiments. It recognizes the dominant role of the anisotropic elastic properties of compacted clay in the anisotropic elasticity of shale at different length scales compared to contributions of shape and orientation of particles. Following a thorough validation at multiple length scales using mineral elasticity data, nanoindentation experiment results, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, the model predictions compare adequately with measurements on kerogen-free and kerogen-rich shales and shaley sandstones. The acoustic signature of shale thus is found to be controlled by two volumetric parameters that synthesize the porosity and mineralogy information: the clay-packing density and the silt inclusion volume fraction. Through a series of dimensionless isoparametric plots, the micromechanics model predicts trends of increasing elastic anisotropy with increasing clay-packing density (or decreasing porosity), which correspond to the intrinsic mechanical response of unfractured shale, and quantifies the stiffness reduction induced by the presence of kerogen.
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Arenas, C., L. F. Vilches, C. Leiva, B. Alonso-Fariñas, and M. Rodríguez-Galán. "Recycling ceramic industry wastes in sound absorbing materials." Materiales de Construcción 66, no. 324 (October 27, 2016): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2016.10615.
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The scope of this investigation is to develop a material mainly composed (80% w/w) of ceramic wastes that can be applied in the manufacture of road traffic noise reducing devices. The characterization of the product has been carried out attending to its acoustic, physical and mechanical properties, by measuring the sound absorption coefficient at normal incidence, the open void ratio, density and compressive strength. Since the sound absorbing behavior of a porous material is related to the size of the pores and the thickness of the specimen tested, the influence of the particle grain size of the ceramic waste and the thickness of the samples tested on the properties of the final product has been analyzed. The results obtained have been compared to a porous concrete made of crushed granite aggregate as a reference commercial material traditionally used in similar applications. Compositions with coarse particles showed greater sound absorption properties than compositions made with finer particles, besides presenting better sound absorption behavior than the reference porous concrete. Therefore, a ceramic waste-based porous concrete can be potentially recycled in the highway noise barriers field.