Relevant bibliographies by topics / Particle temperature measurement

Academic literature on the topic 'Particle temperature measurement'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Particle temperature measurement"

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Mathissen, Marcel, Theodoros Grigoratos, Tero Lahde, and Rainer Vogt. "Brake Wear Particle Emissions of a Passenger Car Measured on a Chassis Dynamometer." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090556.

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Brake wear emissions with a special focus on particle number (PN) concentrations were investigated during a chassis dynamometer measurement campaign. A recently developed, well-characterized, measurement approach was applied to measure brake particles in a semi-closed vehicle setup. Implementation of multiple particle measurement devices allowed for simultaneous measurement of volatile and solid particles. Estimated PN emission factors for volatile and solid particles differed by up to three orders of magnitude with an estimated average solid particle emission factor of 3∙109 # km−1 brake−1 over a representative on-road brake cycle. Unrealistic high brake temperatures may occur and need to be ruled out by comparison with on-road temperature measurements. PN emissions are strongly temperature dependent and this may lead to its overestimation. A high variability for PN emissions was found when volatile particles were not removed. Volatiles were observed under high temperature conditions only which are not representative of normal driving conditions. The coefficient of variation for PN emissions was 1.3 without catalytic stripper and 0.11 with catalytic stripper. Investigation of non-braking sections confirmed that particles may be generated at the brake even if no brakes are applied. These “off-brake-event” emissions contribute up to about 30% to the total brake PM10 emission.
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Xu, Mindi, and Wei-Ching Li. "Measuring Particles and Bubbles in Process Chemicals at Controlled Temperatures." Journal of the IEST 42, no. 5 (September 14, 1999): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.42.5.y447143110270456.

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Microbubbles in semiconductor manufacturing process chemicals can be produced by mechanical disturbance to the chemicals or by changing the temperature and pressure. Bubbles suspended in liquid are easily miscounted as particles when an optical particle counter is used for measuring particles. A new technique, controlling sample temperature, has been developed. Samples for measuring particles are refrigerated to a temperature that eliminates bubbles and then introduced into a particle counter for measurement. The results from these experiments indicate that sample temperature strongly affects the particle counts due to the bubbles in the liquids. Effective temperatures for bubble suppression in several process chemicals have been selected based on the experiments. To better understand bubble suppression by controlling temperature, theoretical simulations for the microbubbles in the chemicals were conducted at various temperature conditions. The results from the experiments and the theoretical simulations are compared.
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Flamant, G., N. Fatah, G. Olalde, and D. Hernandez. "Temperature Distribution Near a Heat Exchanger Wall Immersed in High-Temperature Packed and Fluidized Beds." Journal of Heat Transfer 114, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911266.

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Experimental results dealing with both particle and gas temperature distribution in the vicinity of a water-cooled wall immersed in fixed and fluidized beds are presented. The measurement of particle temperature is based on the use of a mobile optical fiber connected to a two-color radiometer. The gas temperature is obtained on the basis of the indications of a bare thermocouple. Particle and gas temperature fields are compared in fixed and fluidized beds for alumina and silicon carbide particles. In the fixed bed, temperature differences as large as 300°C between the gas and the solid are measured. In the fluidized bed, temperature decreases of both solid and gas phase are shown for large particle at incipient fluidization. The temperature variation reaches more than 100°C for corundum particles and 200°C in the gas. The temperature distribution in the solid phase is shown to be dependent on the thermophysical properties of the particles (thermal conductivity and emissivity).
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Nesse Tyssøy, H., D. Heinrich, J. Stadsnes, M. Sørbø, U. P. Hoppe, D. S. Evans, B. P. Williams, and F. Honary. "Upper-mesospheric temperatures measured during intense substorms in the declining phase of the January 2005 solar proton events." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 2515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-2515-2008.

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Abstract. Temperature measurements from the ALOMAR Weber Na lidar together with cosmic radio noise absorption measurements from IRIS and particle measurements from NOAA 15, 16 and 17 are used to study effects of geomagnetic activity on the polar winter upper-mesospheric temperature. On 21–22 January 2005 we have 14 h of continuous temperature measurement with the Na lidar coinciding with strong geomagnetic activity in the declining phase of one of the hardest and most energetic Solar Proton Event (SPE) of solar cycle 23. According to measurements by the imaging riometer IRIS in northern Finland, the temperature measurements coincide with two periods of increased cosmic radio noise absorption. Particle measurements from the three satellites, NOAA 15, 16 and 17 that pass through and near our region of interest confirm that the absorption events are probably due to particle precipitation and not due to changes in e.g. the electron recombination coefficient. The measured temperature variation at 85 and 90 km is dominated by a 7.6-h wave with downward phase propagation and a vertical wavelength of approximately 10 km. Assuming that the wave is due to a lower altitude source independent of the particle precipitation, we do not find any temperature modification that seems to be related to the absorption events. The average temperature is larger than expected above 90 km based on MSIS and the monthly mean from falling spheres, which could be due to particle precipitation and Joule heating prior to our measurement period. There is also a possibility that the identified wave phenomenon is an effect of the geomagnetic activity itself. Earlier studies have reported of similar wavelike structures in wind observations made by the EISCAT VHF radar during SPEs, and found it conceivable that the wave could be excited by the effect of energetic particles precipitating into the mesosphere.
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Vetter, A. A. "Sensitivity of the Acoustical Resonance Measurement of Particle Loading in Gas-Solids Flow." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240103.

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Measurement of the frequency of transverse acoustic resonances of a duct can determine the mass loading and size of particles fluidized by a gas phase. A first-order perturbation-iteration acoustic analysis is applied to determine the sensitivity of this two-phase flow measurement, termed the Acoustical Resonance Measurement, to variations in particle size, particle size dispersion, particle heat capacity, temperature, and pressure for the application of pulverized coal fluidized by air.
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Rassat, Scot D., and E. James Davis. "Temperature Measurement of Single Levitated Microparticles Using Stokes/Anti-Stokes Raman Intensity Ratios." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 12 (December 1994): 1498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702944027921.

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A method has been developed to determine the temperature of single microparticles levitated in an electrodynamic balance. Particle temperatures were ascertained from the measured intensities of the Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectra. Temperatures near ambient were obtained for titanium dioxide and calcium nitrate microparticles with the use of a Raman-based calibration of the optical system to correct for wavelength-dependent effects. Higher temperatures were also measured with the use of a carbon dioxide infrared laser to electromagnetically heat the particle. In an effort to minimize particle instabilities caused by the heating beam, the Gaussian intensity profile of the beam was modified with an axicon beam expander to produce a doughnut-like intensity distribution. The temperature measurement technique and quantitative Raman composition analysis were applied to study dehydration of a calcium nitrate tetrahydrate particle.
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Fincke, J. R., W. D. Swank, C. L. Jeffery, and C. A. Mancuso. "Simultaneous measurement of particle size, velocity and temperature." Measurement Science and Technology 4, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/4/5/003.

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Fincke, J. R., D. C. Haggard, and W. D. Swank. "Particle Temperature Measurement in the Thermal Spray Process." Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105996301770349358.

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Fincke, J. R., C. L. Jeffery, and S. B. Englert. "In-flight measurement of particle size and temperature." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 21, no. 4 (April 1988): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/21/4/005.

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Someya, Satoshi, Masao Iida, and Koji Okamoto. "C111 Development of Temperature Sensitive Particle for the temperature measurement in fluids." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2007 (2007): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2007.97.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Particle temperature measurement"

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Hopper, Richard. "Accurate temperature measurements on semiconductor devices." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/3315.

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Self-heating can have a detrimental effect on the performance and reliability of high power microwave devices. In this work, the thermal performance of the gallium arsenide (GaAs) Gunn diode was studied. Infrared (IR) thermal microscopy was used to measure the peak operating temperature of the graded-gap structured device. Temperature measurements were experimentally validated using micro-thermocouple probing and compared to values obtained from a standard 1D thermal resistance model. Thermal analysis of the conventionally structured Gunn diode was also undertaken using high resolution micro-Raman temperature profiling, IR thermal microscopy and electro/thermal finite element modeling. The accuracy of conventional IR temperature measurements, made on semiconductor devices, was investigated in detail. Significant temperature errors were shown to occur in IR temperature measurements made on IR transparent semiconductors layers and low emissivity/highly reflective metals. A new technique, employing spherical carbon microparticles, was developed to improve the measurement accuracy on such surfaces. The new ‘IR microparticle’ technique can be used with existing IR microscopes and potentially removes the need to coat a device with a high emissivity layer, which causes damage and heat spreading.
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Matthews, G. F. "The measurement of ion temperature in Tokamak Edge plasmas." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354847.

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Yi, Jihaeng. "Optical Sensors for High-Temperature Pressure Measurement and Real-Time Particle Detection." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77229.

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In this thesis, we report the development of two types of optical sensors, one for high temperature pressure measurements and the other for real-time particle detection. With a high melting temperature (over 2000°C), low optical loss, and excellent corrosion resistance, sapphire (α-Al₂O₃) is ideal for high temperature sensing applications. Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity with optical interrogation of pressure response. The prototype is based on an extrinsic FP interferometer design and is constructed by combining reactive ion etching (RIE) with direct wafer bonding. Long-term testing proves that the adhesive-free wafer bond is sufficient to create a sealed Fabry-Perot cavity as a pressure transducer. Pressure measurement over a range of 6 to 200 psi has been demonstrated at room temperature using white-light interferometry. For the other sensor, the goal is to detect the presence of micro- and nanoparticles in real time. The sensor is based on a silica fiber taper, and we aim to detect particle presence by measuring optical scattering and absorption induced by particles attached to the taper surface. To establish the relationship between particle density and optical transmission loss, we first consider a model where Au nanospheres are self-assembled on taper surface through electrostatic interaction. An analytical model is established to describe the adsorption of gold nanospheres onto cylindrical and spherical silica surfaces from quiescent aqueous particle suspensions. The curved surfaces of the fiber taper and microspheres are coated with nm-thick layer of a polycation, enabling irreversible adsorption of the negatively charged spheres. Our results fit well with theory, which predicts that the rates of particle adsorption will depend strongly on the surface geometry. In particular, adsorption is significantly faster on curved than on planar surfaces at times long enough that the particle diffusion length is large compared to the surface curvature. This is of particular importance for plasmonic sensors and other devices where particles are deposited from a suspension onto surfaces which may have non-trivial geometries. We have established a theoretical model that can describe optical loss generated by particles on taper surface. This theory is validated by measuring, in real time, optical loss during the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles. We find that the measured optical loss can be quantitatively explained by the presence of multiple guided modes within the fiber taper region. Based on this work, we incorporate a fiber taper into a cascade impactor and show that welding aerosols attached to the fiber taper surface can induce measurable transmission loss during the welding process.
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Rongchai, Kanchit. "The High Temperature Condensation Particle Counter (HT-CPC) : a new instrument for a measurement of solid particulate matter." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708259.

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Takeyama, Mao. "Convective heat transfer of saturation nucleate boiling induced by single and multi-bubble dynamics." Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/261621.

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Martin, Michel. "Étude expérimentale de bolomètres rapides à jonctions tunnel métal normal-isolant-supraconducteur." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0206.

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Nous etudions des bolometres bases sur des jonctions tunnel metal normal - isolant - supraconducteur en vue de leur application a la mesure d'energie d'ions retrodiffuses. La fabrication et l'etude de tels bolometres est montre en detail. On s'attache particulierement a l'influence des parametres physiques sur la mesure de temperature.
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Potier, Bruno. "Détermination des champs des températures et des concentrations dans une flamme de charbon pulvérisé de taille semi-industrielle : application au four pilote 1 mw du cerchar." Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0012.

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Développement d'une méthode optique de mesure des températures, basée sur l'émission et l'absorption du rayonnement thermique dans le proche infrarouge, et permettant de déterminer la température en un point. Parallèlement aux champs des températures cette méthode permet d'accéder aux champs de concentrations relatives en particules et en dioxyde de carbone et fournir des renseignements sur les valeurs in situ de plusieurs paramètres nécessaires à la modélisation des transferts thermiques.
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Tobiasson, John Robert. "Determining H2O Vapor Temperature and Concentration in Particle-Free and Particle-Laden Combustion Flows Using Spectral Line Emission Measurements." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6497.

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There is a growing need for the clean generation of electricity in the world, and increased efficiency is one way to achieve cleaner generation. Increased efficiency may be achieved through an improved understanding of the heat flux of participating media in combustion environments. Real-time in-situ optical measurements of gas temperature and concentrations in combustion environments is needed. Optical methods do not disturb the flow characteristics and are not subject to the temperature limitation of current methods. Simpler, less-costly optical measurements than current methods would increase the ability to apply them in more circumstances. This work explores the ability to simultaneously measure gas temperature and H2O concentration via integrated spectral intensity ratios in regions where H2O is the dominant participating gas. This work considered combustion flows with and without fuel and soot particles, and is an extension of work previously performed by Ellis et al. [1]. Five different combustion regimes were used to investigate the robustness of the infrared intensity integral method first presented by Ellis et al. [1]. These included Post-Flame Natural Gas (PFNG), Post-Flame Medium Wood (PFMW), Post-Flame Fine Wood (PFFW), In-Flame Natural Gas (IFNG), and In-Flame Fine Wood (IFFW). Optical spectra were collected as a function of path length for each regime. Methods for processing the spectra to obtain gas temperature, gas concentration, broadband temperature, and broadband emissivity were developed. A one-dimensional spectral intensity model that allowed for specular reflection, and investigated differences between measured and modeled spectral intensities was created. It was concluded that excellent agreement (within 2.5%) was achieved between optical and suction pyrometer gas temperatures as long as 1) the optical probe and cold target used were well-aligned 2) the path length was greater than 0.3 m and 3) the intensity from broadband emitters within the path was smaller than the gas intensity. Shorter path lengths between 0.15 – 0.3 m produced reasonable temperatures with 7 % error while path lengths of 0.05 m or less were as much as 15% in error or the signal would not effectively process. Water vapor concentration was less accurate being at best within 20% (relative) of expected values. The accurate determination of concentration requires first an accurate temperature concentration as well low broadband participation. Some optical concentrations were in error as much as 85%. The 1-D model was compared to the measurement and it was found that the model peaks were sharper and shifted 0.167 cm-1 compared to the measured data. The reason for the shift can be attributed to the uncertainty of the reference laser frequency used in the FTIR. No conclusion was found for the cause of the sharper peaks in the model. The integrated area of bands used to find temperature and concentration matched well between the model and measured spectrum being typically within 3%.
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Hayakawa, N., M. Nagino, H. Kojima, M. Goto, T. Takahashi, K. Yasuda, and H. Okubo. "Dielectric characteristics of HTS cables based on partial discharge measurement." IEEE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6772.

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Idris, Mahmoud [Verfasser]. "Two-Colour Pyrometer Technique for Coal-Particle Temperature Measurements in a Pulverised Coal Flame / Mahmoud Idris." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1181603501/34.

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Books on the topic "Particle temperature measurement"

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Staelin, David H. High-spatial-resolution passive microwave sounding systems: Final report : covering the period February 1, 1980-March 14, 1994. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, 1994.

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Weikle, Donald H. TiCl₄ as a source of TiO₂ particles for laser anemometry measurements in hot gas]. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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W, Rosenkranz Philip, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. High-spatial-resolution passive microwave sounding systems: Final report : covering the period February 1, 1980-March 14, 1994. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, 1994.

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W, Rosenkranz P., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. High-spatial-resolution passive microwave sounding systems: Final report : covering the period February 1, 1980-March 14, 1994. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, 1994.

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A, Lindemulder Elizabeth, Jovaag Kari, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Temperature-dependent daily variability of precipitable water in special sensor microwave/imager observations. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Temperature-dependent daily variability of precipitable water in special sensor microwave/imager observations. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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A, Lindemulder Elizabeth, Jovaag Kari, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Temperature-dependent daily variability of precipitable water in special sensor microwave/imager observations. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Temperature-dependent daily variability of precipitable water in special sensor microwave/imager observations. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Sherwood, Dennis, and Paul Dalby. Temperature and heat. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782957.003.0003.

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Concepts of temperature, temperature scales and temperature measurement. The ideal gas law, Dalton’s law of partial pressure. Assumptions underlying the ideal gas, and distinction between ideal and real gases. Introduction to equations-of-state such as the van der Waals, Dieterici, Berthelot and virial equations, which describe real gases. Concept of heat, and distinction between heat and temperature. Experiments of Rumford and Joule, and the principle of the conservation of energy. Units of measurement for heat. Heat as a path function. Flow of heat down a temperature gradient as an irreversible and unidirectional process. ‘Zeroth’ Law of Thermodynamics. Definitions of isolated, closed and open systems, and of isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric and isothermal changes in state. Connection between work and heat, as illustrated by the steam engine. The molecular interpretation of heat, energy and temperature. The Boltzmann distribution. Meaning of negative temperatures.
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TiCl₄ as a source of TiO₂ particles for laser anemometry measurements in hot gas. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Particle temperature measurement"

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Kamiya, Hidehiro, Takashi Aozasa, Mayumi Tsukada, Hiromitsu Matsuda, and Hisao Makino. "Direct Measurement of the Adhesion Force for Single ash Particle at High Temperature." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 375–81. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118406038.ch46.

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Zhang, Yanling, Zhuoqing An, Qi Li, and Zhancheng Guo. "Apparent Viscosity Measurement of Iron Particles." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 559–64. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093381.ch71.

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Zhang, Yanling, Zhuoqing An, Qi Li, and Zhancheng Guo. "Apparent Viscosity Measurement of Iron Particles." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 559–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48217-0_71.

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Knudsen, D. J., T. D. Phan, M. D. Gladders, and M. J. Greffen. "Thermal Electron Temperature Measurements from the Freja Cold Plasma Analyzer." In Measurement Techniques in Space Plasmas: Particles, 91–96. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm102p0091.

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Heelis, R. A., and W. B. Hanson. "Measurements of Thermal Ion Drift Velocity and Temperature Using Planar Sensors." In Measurement Techniques in Space Plasmas: Particles, 61–71. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm102p0061.

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Taylor, Alex M. K. P., and James H. Whitelaw. "Measurements of Velocities, Temperatures, Emissions and Particle Sizes in Model Furnaces." In Applied Optical Measurements, 347–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58496-1_23.

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Heinze, H., P. Borrmann, H. Stamerjohanns, and E. R. Hilf. "Temperature measurement from scattering spectra of clusters: theoretical treatment." In Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters, 190–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60854-4_48.

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Tan, Lun C., Shing F. Fung, and Scott A. Boardsen. "Flow Velocity Analysis of Suprathermal Ions in the Presence of Ion Temperature Anisotropy." In Measurement Techniques in Space Plasmas: Particles, 79–84. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm102p0079.

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Siefring, Carl L., William E. Amatucci, and Paul Rodriguez. "Fast Electron Temperature Measurements with Langmuir Probes: Considerations for Space Flight and Initial Laboratory Tests." In Measurement Techniques in Space Plasmas: Particles, 55–60. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm102p0055.

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Yau, A. W., E. Drakou, M. J. Greffen, D. J. Knudsen, and E. Sagawa. "Radio-Frequency Ion Mass Spectrometer Measurements of Ion Composition, Velocity and Temperature: the EXOS-D Suprathermal Mass Spectrometer." In Measurement Techniques in Space Plasmas: Particles, 307–12. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm102p0307.

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Conference papers on the topic "Particle temperature measurement"

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Klein, D., Z. Salhi, and C. Coddet. "Influence of Reflected Radiations on in Flight Particle Temperature Measurements." In ITSC2005, edited by E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2005p1304.

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Abstract Characteristics of in flight particles before they impact on the substrate influence strongly the quality of coating obtained by plasma spraying. Various optical techniques can be used to measure the in-flight particle characteristics; some of these techniques require the use of high- speed two-color pyrometers to collect the light emitted by the particle during the in-flight period when they pass through the measurement volume. However, the intense radiation coming from the plasma can affect the particle thermal radiation and lead to erroneous measurements. This work was dedicated to the study of reflected light coming from the plasma and scattered by the injected particles. To achieve this goal, sprayed particles were analyzed by optical emission spectrometry. The light scattered by the particles was found to influence significantly the measured temperature. This work allows thus the estimation of the accuracy of temperature measurements on particle surface for the thermal spraying process. Abstract only; no full-text paper available.
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Zhu, Keke, Stuart J. Barkley, Travis R. Sippel, and James B. Michael. "Flame temperature measurement of microwave-assisted aluminum particle combustion." In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0834.

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Xu, Wenbiao, Wenzhong Liu, Pu Zhang, and Chuliang Ruan. "Magnetic nanoparticle temperature estimation: The improvement of measurement speed." In 2015 5th International Workshop on Magnetic Particle Imaging (IWMPI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwmpi.2015.7107080.

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Shi, Yuetao, Xiaojuan Wang, Da Chu, Fengzhong Sun, and Zhixiong Guo. "Experimental Measurement of Flue Gas Temperature Versus Ash Accumulation." In ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2016-7189.

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It is known that particle accumulation is beneficial for dust removal in industry. In order to understand better particle accumulation mechanism, experiments were carried out to analyze the influence of flue gas temperature and humidity on ash accumulation. It is found that the Engineering Acid Dew Temperature (EADT) of flue gas is an important parameter that determines the efficiency of particle accumulation. When the gas temperature is lower than the EADT, the sulfuric acid in the flue gas and ash humidity rise dramatically, which leads to particle accumulation. In order to improve the collection efficiency, the flue gas temperature can be controlled to trigger particle accumulation.
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Smurov, I., D. Pervushin, Yu Chivel, B. Laget, V. Ulianitsky, and S. Zlobin. "Measurement of Particle Parameters in Detonation Spraying." In ITSC2010, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. DVS Media GmbH, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2010p0130.

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Abstract Measurement of the particle temperature and velocity in detonation spraying is significantly complicated by the pulsed character of the process. In the present study, these parameters are measured for powders with strongly different nature and properties such as WC/Co, Inox and Ti. Experiments are performed using an original computer-controlled detonation spraying (CCDS) installation developed by the authors. The system is distinguished by the mode of powder feeding into the gun barrel which is pulsed in time and localized in space. Evolution of the particle-in-flight velocity and size is examined by an original CCD-camera-based diagnostic tool developed by the authors. A significant spatial separation of the particles along the detonation plume is observed during their acceleration: 15 μm fine particles overtake 45 μm coarse particles by more than 10 plume diameters. For this reason, distributed scanning over the plume length is applied in order to obtain adequate results. A previously developed mathematical model of the process is experimentally validated. Calculations are found to be in a qualitative agreement with the experimental results. As far as particle-in-flight velocity is concerned, the agreement is even quantitative.
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Chen, Longfei. "An Ultrafine Particle Number Measurement System Operating Under Wide Temperature Rang." In The 6th World Congress on Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer. Avestia Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/enfht21.lx.003.

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Komatina, Mirko S., Mladen S. Ilic, and Simeon N. Oka. "MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE OF A LARGE PARTICLE IN HOT FLUIDIZED BED." In Thermal Sciences 2000. Proceedings of the International Thermal Science Seminar Bled. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2000.thersieprocvol2thersieprocvol1.120.

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Ortega, Jesus D., Clifford K. Ho, Guillermo Anaya, Peter Vorobieff, and Gowtham Mohan. "A Non-Intrusive Particle Temperature Measurement Methodology Using Thermogram and Visible-Light Image Sets." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63791.

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Abstract The measurement of particle plume and curtain temperatures in particle-laden gravity-driven flows presents a unique challenge to thermometry due to the flow’s transient and stochastic nature. Earlier attempts to assess the bulk particle temperature of a plume using intrusive and non-intrusive methods have produced very limited success. Here we describe a non-intrusive method using a high-speed IR camera (ImageI8300 from Infratec) and a visible-light camera (Nikon D3500) to produce indirect particle temperature measurements. The IR camera produces thermogram sets mapping the apparent particle temperature, while the visible-light image sets allow for the calculation of the plume opacity as a function of flow discharge position. An in-house post-processing algorithm based on Planck’s radiation theory was developed to compute the true particle temperature which is a function of the apparent temperature (thermograms) and the plume opacity obtained from the visible-light images. To validate these results, a series of lab-scale tests generating particle curtains of known dimensions at various temperatures were performed. The lab-scale tests were conducted using a small particle receiver which is equipped with thermocouples to measure the temperature directly. Using the recorded thermocouple data, a particle temperature function can be derived empirically, based on the lumped capacitance model for a free-falling sphere. The empirical particle temperature function is then compared with the temperature data measured using the methodology outlined in this work yielding agreement of the bulk particle temperature of the plume. The methods described here will be developed further to estimate the heat losses from the falling particle receiver at Sandia National Labs.
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Schroeder, Nathan, and Kevin Albrecht. "Assessment of Particle Candidates for Falling Particle Receiver Applications Through Irradiance and Thermal Cycling." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-62305.

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Abstract Falling particle receiver (FPR) systems are a rapidly developing technology for concentrating solar power applications. Solid particles are used as both the heat transfer fluid and system thermal energy storage media. Through the direct irradiation of the solid particles, flux and temperature limitations of tube-bundle receives can be overcome, leading to higher operating temperatures and energy conversion efficiencies. Candidate particles for FPR systems must be resistant to changes in optical properties during long term exposure to high temperatures and thermal cycling using highly concentrated solar irradiance. Five candidate particles, CARBOBEAD HSP 40/70, CARBOBEAD CP 40/100, including three novel particles, CARBOBEAD MAX HD 35, CARBOBEAD HD 350, and WanLi Diamond Black, were tested using simulated solar flux cycling and tube furnace thermal aging. Each particle candidate was exposed for 10 000 cycles (simulating the exposure of a 30-year lifetime) using a shutter to attenuate the solar simulator flux. Feedback from a pyrometer temperature measurement of the irradiated particle surface was used to control the maximum temperatures of 775 °C and 975 °C. Particle solar-weighted absorptivity and emissivity were measured at 2000 cycle intervals. Particle thermal degradation was also studied by heating particles to 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C for 300 hours in a tube furnace purged with bottled unpurified air. Here particle absorptivity and emissivity were measured at 100-hour intervals. Measurements taken after irradiance cycling and thermal aging were compared to measurements taken from as-received particles. WanLi Diamond Black particles had the highest initial value for solar weighted absorptance, 96%, but degraded up to 4% in irradiance cycling and 6% in thermal aging. CARBOBEAD HSP 40/70 particles currently in use in the prototype FPR at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility had an initial value of 95% solar absorptance with up to a 1% drop after irradiance cycling and 4% drop after 1000 °C thermal aging.
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Tartan, Mehmet, Dimitri Gidaspow, and Jonghwun Jung. "Measurement and Computation of Turbulence in Risers Using Kinetic Theory." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45724.

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Detailed experimental velocity, particle concentration and stresses for flow of particles in a vertical pipe, riser are needed for verification of various CFD models for multiphase flow in the industrially important circulating fluidized bed (fast fluidization) regime. This study provides such information for flow of 530 μm glass beads in the fully developed flow region of a 7 m symmetric riser with a splash plate. Instantaneous particle velocity distributions were obtained using a particle velocity imaging technique and a probe inserted into the riser, while the particle concentrations were measured with a gammaray densitometer. Time averaged particle velocity distributions can be well represented by a parabolic velocity distribution, with the mean velocity obtained from flux divided by the measured bulk density. The radial granular temperature profiles agree with an analytical expression similar to the thermal temperature distribution in Poiseuille flow with viscous heat generation. A solution to the complete CFD model shows that the assumptions made in the analytical solution are valid. Our measurements of stresses in the risers and bubbling beds show the existence of two types of random kinetic energies or granular temperatures. The true granular temperature is due to oscillations of particles, while the second is the average of the normal Reynolds stresses. In the core of the riser, the true granular temperature is much larger than the Reynolds type granular temperature. The reverse is true in the bubbling bed.
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Reports on the topic "Particle temperature measurement"

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Ho, Clifford. Particle Mass Flow Control and Measurement for High-Temperature Particle Receivers (formerly ?Fractal-Like Receiver Designs for High-Temperature High-Efficiency Operation?) (DOE SETO Portfolio Review report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1733274.

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Sampath, R., Y. D. Yeboah, D. J. Maloney, S. D. Woodruff, and J. W. Zondlo. Measurements of coal particle shape, mass and temperature histories: Impact of particle irregularity on temperature predictions and measurements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/251285.

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Friedman, Shmuel, Jon Wraith, and Dani Or. Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580679.bard.

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Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.
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S.S. Medley, R.E. Bell, M.P. Petrov, A.L. Roquemore, and and E.V. Suvorkin. Initial Neutral Particle Analyzer Measurements of Ion Temperature in NSTX. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/807249.

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Lever, James, Susan Taylor, Garrett Hoch, and Charles Daghlian. Evidence that abrasion can govern snow kinetic friction. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42646.

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The long-accepted theory to explain why snow is slippery postulates self-lubrication: frictional heat from sliding melts and thereby lubricates the contacting snow grains. We recently published micro-scale interface observations that contradicted this explanation: contacting snow grains abraded and did not melt under a polyethylene slider, despite low friction values. Here we provide additional observational and theoretical evidence that abrasion can govern snow kinetic friction. We obtained coordinated infrared, visible-light and scanning-electron micrographs that confirm that the evolving shapes observed during our tribometer tests are contacting snow grains polished by abrasion, and that the wear particles can sinter together and fill the adjacent pore spaces. Furthermore, dry-contact abrasive wear reasonably predicts the evolution of snow-slider contact area and sliding-heat-source theory confirms that contact temperatures would not reach 0°C during our tribometer tests. Importantly, published measurements of interface temperatures also indicate that melting did not occur during field tests on sleds and skis. Although prevailing theory anticipates a transition from dry to lubricated contact along a slider, we suggest that dry-contact abrasion and heat flow can prevent this transition from occurring for snow-friction scenarios of practical interest.
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EGR Cooler Fouling Reduction: A New Method for Assessment in Early Engine Development Phase. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/022-01-0589.

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High pressure EGR provides NOx emission reduction even at low exhaust temperatures. To maintain a safe EGR system operation over a required lifetime, the EGR cooler fouling must not exceed an allowable level, even if the engine is operated under worst-case conditions. A reliable fouling simulation model represents a valuable tool in the engine development process, which validates operating and calibration strategies regarding fouling tendency, helping to avoid fouling issues in a late development phase close to series production. Long-chained hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas essentially impact the fouling layer formation. Therefore, a simulation model requires reliable input data especially regarding mass flow of long-chained hydrocarbons transported into the cooler. There is a huge number of different hydrocarbon species in the exhaust gas, but their individual concentration typically is very low, close to the detection limit of standard in-situ measurement equipment like GC-MS. Therefore, a new measurement and analysis approach has been developed, where the exhaust gas is guided to a metal foam collector, in which HC`s are deposited. The probe is then analyzed in a suited thermogravimetrical system (TGA) in nitrogen atmosphere, temperature range 25°C to 650°C. Analyzing the TGA curve, HC concentration data for 6 different boiling temperature ranges are obtained, provided to an adapted 1-d fouling simulation model. Using these data along with further input parameters like cooler geometry, gas temperature, pressure, flow, particle size distribution and coolant temperature, the simulation model has proven as a suitable tool to predict the fouling and identify engine settings for fouling reduction.
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