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Academic literature on the topic 'Particle size determination Fluidization'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Particle size determination Fluidization"

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Wang, X. S., V. Palero, J. Soria, and M. J. Rhodes. "Laser-based planar imaging of nano-particle fluidization: Part I—determination of aggregate size and shape." Chemical Engineering Science 61, no. 16 (August 2006): 5476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.04.012.

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Sun, Guanglin, and John R. Grace. "Effect of particle size distribution in different fluidization regimes." AIChE Journal 38, no. 5 (May 1992): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380508.

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Chen, Heng Zhi, and Zheng Kui Guo. "Characteristics of Mixing/Segregation in a Bubbling/Slugging Fluidized Bed with Binary Mixtures." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.322.

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Fluidization behavior of binary mixtures with titanic slag particles and carbon particles had been investigated. Three solids states in the bed: fixed bed, transient fluidization and steady fluidization, emerges as increasing gas velocity. The extent of segregation of solids mixture in transient fluidization regime depended on the size difference between jetsam particles and flotsam particles. The effects of flotsam particle size, initial jetsam concentration and the superficial gas velocity on the segregation of binary solids had been measured.
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Sahoo, Pranati, and Abanti Sahoo. "Fluidization and Spouting of Fine Particles: A Comparison." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/369380.

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The fluidization characteristics of fine particles have been studied in both the fluidized bed and spouted bed. The effect of different system parameters (viz. static bed height, particle size, particle density and superficial velocity of the fluidizing medium, rotational speed of stirrer, and spout diameter) on the fluidization characteristics such as bed expansion/fluctuation ratios, bed pressure drop, minimum fluidizing/spouting velocity, and fluidization index of fine particles (around 60 micron particle size) have been analyzed. A stirrer/rod promoter has been used in the bed to improve the bed fluidity for fluidization process and spout diameter has been varied for spouted bed. Mathematical expressions for these bed dynamics have been developed on the basis of dimensionless analysis. Finally calculated values of these bed dynamics are compared with the experimentally observed values thereby indicating the successful applications of these developed correlations over a wide range of parameters.
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Fang, Sheng, Yanding Wei, Lei Fu, Geng Tian, and Haibin Qu. "Modeling of the Minimum Fluidization Velocity and the Incipient Fluidization Pressure Drop in a Conical Fluidized Bed with Negative Pressure." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 8764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248764.

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The modeling of the minimum fluidization velocity (U0mf) and the incipient fluidization pressure drop (ΔPmf) is a valuable research topic in the fluidization field. In this paper, first, a series of experiments are carried out by changing the particle size and material mass to explore their effects on U0mf and ΔPmf. Then, an Ergun equation modifying method and the dimensional analysis method are used to obtain the modeling correlations of U0mf and ΔPmf by fitting the experimental data, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are discussed. The experimental results show that U0mf increases significantly with increasing particle size but has little relationship with the material mass; ΔPmf increases significantly with increasing material mass but has little relationship with the particle size. Experiments with small particles show a significant increase at large superficial gas velocity; we propose a conjecture that the particles’ collision with the fluidization chamber’s top surface causes this phenomenon. The fitting accuracy of the modified Ergun equation is lower than that of the dimensionless model. When using the Ergun equation modifying method, it is deduced that the gas drag force is approximately 0.8995 times the material total weight at the incipient fluidized state.
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Korkerd, Krittin, Chaiwat Soanuch, Pornpote Piumsomboon, and Benjapon Chalermsinsuwan. "Effect of Particle Size Distributions on Minimum Fluidization Velocity with Varying Gas Temperature." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 11, no. 11 (2020): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2020.11.11.1302.

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The particle size distribution (PSD) is an important property that can influence the hydrodynamics and chemical conversion in fluidized bed system. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of PSDs of particle and gas temperature on minimum fluidization velocity (Umf). Here, the silica sand with three average diameters and five PSDs including narrow cut, Gaussian, Gaussian with high standard deviation, negative skewed distribution and positive skewed distribution were used. The considered gas temperature ranged from 30 to 120 °C. The results showed that the Umf values with wide PSDs were lower than the Umf values for narrow cut particle with the same average diameter. The reason can be explained by the addition of smaller particle will improve the fluidization characteristics. The standard deviation and skewness of PSD also influenced on the Umf. The Umf was observed to decrease with increasing gas temperature. In addition, the effect of average particle diameter could also be seen. The Umf increased with the increasing of average particle diameter.
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Wu, Zhenqun, Hui Jin, Guobiao Ou, Liejin Guo, and Changqing Cao. "Three-dimensional numerical study on flow dynamics characteristics in supercritical water fluidized bed with consideration of real particle size distribution by computational particle fluid dynamics method." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 6 (June 2018): 168781401877987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018779871.

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Supercritical water fluidized bed is a promising reactor which can realize the efficient and clean gasification of coal to produce hydrogen. As the high pressure and temperature inside supercritical water fluidized bed, the study of the detail flow behaviors needs the help of numerical method. Considering the limitation of the two-fluid method and discrete element method, the computational particle fluid dynamics method was applied to this work. When particle size distribution was taken into consideration, the simulated results showed that the transformation from fixed bed regime to fluidized bed regime is a gradual process. With the increase in superficial fluid velocity, particles in small diameter migrate to the top of the bed and there exits layering phenomenon in the bed. Besides, though the particles are categorized as Geldart B group, the minimum fluidization velocity is not equal to the minimum bubbling fluidization velocity and there is a complicated bed expansion process after incipient fluidization. The bed expansion process is also influenced by the particle size distribution.
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Ali, Syed, Avijit Basu, Sulaiman Alfadul, and Mohammad Asif. "Nanopowder Fluidization Using the Combined Assisted Fluidization Techniques of Particle Mixing and Flow Pulsation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 9, 2019): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030572.

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In the present study, we report the fluidization behavior of ultrafine nanopowder using the assisted fluidization technique of particle mixing, which was further superimposed with the pulsation of the inlet gas flow to the fluidized bed. The powder selected in the present study was hydrophilic nanosilica, which shows strong agglomeration behavior leading to poor fluidization hydrodynamics. For particle mixing, small proportions of inert particles of Geldart group A classification were used. The inlet gas flow to the fluidized bed was pulsed with a square wave of frequency 0.1 Hz with the help of a solenoid valve controlled using the data acquisition system (DAQ). In addition to the gas flow rate to the fluidized bed, pressure transients were carefully monitored using sensitive pressure transducers connected to the DAQ. Our results indicate a substantial reduction in the effective agglomerate size as a result of the simultaneous implementation of the assisted fluidization techniques of particle mixing and flow pulsation.
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Khoe, G. K., T. L. Ip, and J. R. Grace. "Rheological and fluidization behaviour of powders of different particle size distribution." Powder Technology 66, no. 2 (May 1991): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(91)80094-y.

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Arima, Kenichi, Isao Torii, Ryuhei Takashima, Tetsuya Sawatsubashi, Masaaki Kinoshita, Koji Oura, and Hiromi Ishii. "Fluidization of Wet Brown Coal Particles with Wide Particle Size Distribution." Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 48, no. 3 (2015): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.14we166.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Particle size determination Fluidization"

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Annapoorneswari, Rajasekharan Pillai. "Fine particle classification using dilute fluidized beds." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Anna_thesis_final_09007dcc8036723f_09007dcc804465a7.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed December 11, 2007) Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-51).
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Silva, Carlos Alexandre Moreira da 1984. "Aplicação de tecnologias analíticas de processo e inteligência artificial para monitoramento e controle de processo de recobrimento de partículas em leito fluidizado." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266036.

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Orientador: Osvaldir Pereira Taranto
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T00:40:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_CarlosAlexandreMoreirada_D.pdf: 33350422 bytes, checksum: 046e0a2c090474593621166c81042136 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: As indústrias química, alimentícia e farmacêutica têm empregado extensivamente a operação de fluidização em inúmeros processos, devido às suas características bastante atrativas, que possibilitam um contato efetivo entre a fase sólida e fluida, o que reflete na geração de altas taxas de transferência de calor e de massa. No entanto, o regime de fluidização borbulhante, o qual é condição de partida dos processos que envolvem esta operação, frequentemente é afetado pelas condições operacionais. As temperaturas elevadas, o conteúdo de umidade excessivo das partículas e a introdução de líquidos no leito fluidizado podem conduzir a instabilidades no regime fluidodinâmico e provocar o colapso parcial ou total do leito, reduzindo a eficiência do processo. A manutenção de condições estáveis do regime de fluidização durante processos de recobrimento de partículas em leitos fluidizados é de fundamental importância para garantir uma eficiência de recobrimento favorável e evitar a formação de zonas sem movimentação e aglomeração das partículas no leito, pois estes fatores indesejáveis comprometem a mistura entre as fases e conseqüentemente a qualidade do produto final. Dentro deste contexto, a utilização de um sistema de monitoramento e controle em tempo real de processos de recobrimento de partículas é extremamente desejável para permitir a operação de regimes de fluidização estáveis e garantir um filme de recobrimento uniforme e boas condições de escoabilidade dos sólidos. A presente proposta de tese de doutorado tem por objetivo aplicar a metodologia de análise espectral Gaussiana dos sinais de flutuação de pressão (Parise et al. (2008)), para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de controle baseados em inteligência artificial (Lógica Fuzzy), visando monitorar a estabilidade do regime de fluidização em processo de recobrimento de partículas. Comparações entre as condições fluidodinâmicas dos processos com e sem controle foram analisadas para operações em leito fluidizado em escala de laboratorio. Para avaliar a qualidade das partículas foi utilizada uma sonda de monitoramento in-line (Parsum IPP70), onde se pôde verificar os instantes iniciais da aglomeração indesejada. Com a aplicação desde sistema automatizado foi possível associar a estabilidade da fluidização em função do elevado grau de aglomeração. O ponto de parada do processo pôde ser definido em 420 µm (inicial em 360 µm) e a partir deste o mecanismo de recobrimento acontece simultaneamente com o de aglomeração. Os parâmetros de monitoramento do regime conseguiram não somente identificar a fase inicial da defluidização, como também foi possível a partir deles, controlar o processo por Lógica Fuzzy-PI e estabilizar a operação para altas taxas de suspensão atomizadas
Abstract: The chemical, food and pharmaceutical industries have extensively used fluidization operation in many cases, due to its very attractive features that enable effective contact between the solid and fluid phase, which reflects the generation of high heat and mass transfer rates. However, the bubbling fluidization regime, which is the starting condition of the processes involved in this operation is often affected by operating conditions. Elevated temperatures, excessive moisture content of the particles and introduction of liquid into the fluidized bed may lead to instabilities in the fluid-dynamic regime and cause partial or total collapse of the bed, reducing the process efficiency. The maintenance of stable conditions of the fluidization regime for particle coating processes in fluidized beds is of fundamental importance to ensure a favorable coating efficiency and to avoid zones without movement and agglomeration of particles in the bed, because these undesirable factors compromise the mixing between the phases and therefore the quality of the final product. Within this context, the use of a monitoring system and real-time control of particle coating processes is highly desirable to allow operation in stable fluidization regimes and to ensure a uniform coating film and good condition of flowability of the solids. This doctoral thesis aims to apply the Gaussian spectral analysis methodology of the pressure fluctuation signals (Parise et al. (2008)) , for the development of control systems based on artificial intelligence (Fuzzy Logic), to monitor the stability of fluidization regime particle coating process. Comparisons between the fluid dynamic conditions of the processes with and without control were analyzed for operations in fluidized bed laboratory scale. To assess early stages of unwanted agglomeration, a monitoring in-line probe (Parsum IPP70) was used. With the application of this automated system, it was possible to associate the stability of fluidization with a high degree of agglomeration. The process stopping point could be set at 420 µm (initial in 360 µm) and after, the coating mechanism takes place simultaneously with the agglomeration one. The monitoring parameters of the system were able to identify the initial phase of defluidization, as well as it was possible to control the process by using Fuzzy Logic and to stabilize the operation for high rates of the coating suspension atomized onto the bed
Doutorado
Engenharia de Processos
Doutor em Engenharia Química
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Hegyi, Gyorgy. "Particle size determination for alpha-emitters using CR-39." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/MQ55065.pdf.

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Abudu, Adewunmi Tiwalade. "Adsorption and particle size studies of petroleum fluids." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1939120981&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Sun, Guanglin. "Influence of particle size distribution on the performance of fluidized bed reactors." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32013.

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The effect of particle size distribution (PSD) on the performance of a fluidized bed reactor was investigated using the ozone decomposition reaction, combined with the study of hydrodynamics, for fresh and spent fluid cracking catalysts, each having three particle size distributions - wide, narrow and bimodal - all with nearly the same mean diameter (60 µm), the same particle density and the same BET surface area. The superficial gas velocity was varied from 0.1 to 1.8 m/s to include the bubbling, slugging, turbulent and fast fluidization regimes. The catalytic rate constant, based on the volume of the particles, ranged from 2 to10 s⁻¹, while the static bed height was varied from 0.15 m to 1 m. Four different multi-orifice gas distributors with different hole diameters (2.2 to 5.1 mm) and hole numbers (4 and 21) were also tested to evaluate the influence of gas distributor on the performance of fluidized bed reactors. The particle size distribution was found to play a larger role at higher gas velocities than at lower velocities. At low gas velocities (Uf ≤ 0.2 m/s), the reaction conversion was not greatly affected by the PSD. However, with an increase in gas velocity the PSD effect became larger. The wide size distribution gave the highest reactor efficiency, defined as the ratio of the volume of catalyst required in a plug flow reactor to that required in the fluidized bed reactor to achieve the same conversion, while the narrow blend gave the lowest. The differences are not solely a function of the "fines content". The influence of particle size distribution on the hydrodynamics of fluidization was evaluated by measuring particle concentrations in voids, bubble sizes, and dense phase expansion. When the superficial gas velocity exceeded 0.1 m/s, the bed with the wide size distribution usually gave the highest particle concentration inside the voids, the smallest bubble size and the greatest dense phase expansion at the same operating conditions. There is evidence that there is a greater proportion of "fines" present in the voids than in the overall particle size distribution. This has been explained in terms of the throughflow velocity inside bubbles being of the same order as the terminal velocity of typical "fines", causing these particles to spend longer periods of time inside the voids. The effect of the PSD on the fluidization regime and its transitions was determined by measuring pressure fluctuations along the column. The earliest transition from bubbling or slugging to turbulent fluidization occurred in the bed of wide size distribution, while the latest corresponded to the narrow PSD. For particles of wide size distribution, higher conversion was achieved for the turbulent and fast fluidization regimes than for the bubbling fluidization regime under otherwise identical conditions, while for particles of narrow size distribution, the dependence of conversion on regime was small. Hence, for reactors of wide PSD, the performance can be improved significantly by operating in the turbulent or fast fluidization regime, while for particles of narrow size distribution, the benefit of operating at high gas velocity is slight at best. The PSD influence should be considered in modelling fluidized bed reactors. The "Two-Phase Bubbling Bed Model" has been modified to account for PSD effects. For the reactor of wide particle size distribution operated at high gas velocities, a single-phase axial dispersion model with closed inlet and open outlet boundary conditions appears to be suitable to predict the performance. It was also found that a high pressure drop across the gas distributor was not sufficient to maintain good performance of the distributor. The reactor efficiency in the entry region was higher for a distributor with a greater number of orifices, even though it had a lower pressure drop, than for a distributor plate with fewer larger holes.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Silva, Silvino L. C. "Soot particle size and concentration determination from a kerosene/gaseous oxygen rocket plume." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA358997.

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Pretorius, Jan Hendrik Christoffel. "The influence of PFA particle size on the workability of cementitious pastes." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07082005-135427/.

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Vivaldo-Lima, Eduardo. "Development of an effective model for particle size distribution in suspension copolymerization of styrene/divinylbenzene." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/NQ42885.pdf.

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Sudsakorn, Kandis. "The effect of particle size on the amount of coating received during a batch fluidized bed coating operation." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=612.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 98 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-68).
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Van, der Merwe J. J. "Parameters affecting accuracy and reproducibility of sedimentary particle size analysis of clays." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50054.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main aim of this study is to establish a standard procedure for all sedimentary particle size analysis methods specifically for clay minerals and mixtures thereof. Not only will it improve accuracy and reproducibility during clay size analysis, it will also secure comparability between different operators. As a start, all the apparatus-related parameters that can affect the accuracy and reproducibility were determined for the apparatus used, viz. the Sedigraph SOOOD. Thereafter, these parameters were kept constant, and the effects of potential material-related parameters were investigated one-by-one. First to be investigated were those parameters relating specifically to sample preparation. They were: grinding intensity, chemical dissolution of cementing materials, duration of prior soaking, salt content, centrifugal washing with polar organic liquids, deflocculant type and concentration, the effect of pH, ultrasonic time, and stirring during ultrasonic treatment. Then, the influence on accuracy and reproducibility of the physical and chemical parameters related to the suspension was determined. They were: the use of the viscosity and density of water to calibrate the apparatus in stead of those of the suspension liquid, hydrolysis of the deflocculant with suspension-ageing, and the effect of solid concentration on hindered settling. During this investigation a novel method was developed to enable faster and more accurate pycnometric density determinations. Next, the unique characteristics of clays, which can influence the results of sedimentary particle size analyses, were examined. Serious problems are encountered with the accuracy of the analyses of some clay types abundantly found in nature, viz. the smectites and mixed-layered clay minerals. Due to their swelling in water, and variations in the amounts of their crystal layers, they experience unpredictable changes in particle size. The latter is caused by the following external factors: clay type, humidity, type of exchange cation, electrolyte concentration, clay concentration, pH, deflocculant type and concentration, pressure history of the swell-clay suspension, and ageing of the suspension. The effect of each of them on the accuracy and reproducibility of the sedimentary particle size analysis of clays are investigated in detail. Another problem that influences the accuracy of the sedimentary methods is that owing to swelling, the densities of smectites and mixed-layered clays change by varying degrees when suspended in water. It is, however, impossible to pycnometrically determine the density of a swell-clay since it absorbs a part of the water used for its volume determination. To solve this problem, a novel method was devised to calculate swell-clay density. This method makes use of existing Monte Carlo simulations of the swelling mechanism of montmorillonite. During all sedimentary methods, an average clay density is normally used to calculate the particle size distribution of clay mixtures. However, if there is a large enough difference between the calculated average density and that of a component, then inaccurate results will be recorded. The magnitude of this effect was investigated for a few self-made clay mixtures, which consisted of different proportions of kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite. Based on all the above results, a practical approach to, and a standard methodology for all the sedimentary methods of particle size analysis of clay minerals are presented. Additionally, a condensed summary is provided in table-form, which contains the magnitudes of the errors associated with each of the parameters that were examined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n standaard prosedure daar te stel vir alle sedimentêre metodes van partikelgrootte analise, spesifiek vir gebruik met kleiminerale en mengsels daarvan. So 'n standaard prosedure sal die akkuraatheid en herhaalbaarheid van klei-analises verbeter, en die vergelykbaarheid tussen verskillende operateurs verseker. Aanvanklik is slegs die parameters bepaal wat die akkuraatheid en herhaalbaarheid van die gekose apparaat (Sedigraph 5000D) kan beïnvloed. Daarna is al hierdie parameters konstant gehou, en is die potensiële effekte van die moontlike materiaal-verwante parameters een na die ander ondersoek. Eerstens is die invloed van monstervoorbereiding op akkuraatheid en herhaalbaarheid bepaal. Verskillende parameters nl. maal-intensiteit, chemiese oplossing van sementerende materiale, sentrifugale wassing met polêre organiese vloeistowwe, tipe ontvlokker en konsentrasie, die effek van pH, ultrasoniese tyd en die effek van roer tydens ultrasonikasie is ondersoek. Vervolgens is die invloed op die akkuraatheid en herhaalbaarheid van die fisiese en chemiese parameters verwant aan die suspensie bepaal. Hierdie parameters was nl. die gebruik van die viskositeit en digtheid van water in plaas van dié van die suspensievloeistof, hidrolise van die ontvlokker tydens suspensieveroudering, asook die effek van vastestof-konsentrasie op belemmerde uitsakking. Gedurende hierdie ondersoek is ook 'n nuwe metode ontwikkel wat vinniger, en meer akkurate piknometriese digtheidsbepalings moontlik maak. Die unieke eienskappe van kleie wat die resultate van sedimentêre metodes van partikelgrootte analises kan beïnvloed, is volgende ondersoek. Tydens die analises van party kleie wat baie volop in die natuur voorkom, nl. die smektiete en menglaag-kleie, word ernstige akkuraatheids-probleme ondervind. Hul swelling in water, tesame met variasies in hul aantal kristal-lagies, veroorsaak onvoorspelbare verandering van hul partikelgroottes. Laasgenoemde word deur die volgende eksterne faktore veroorsaak: klei tipe, humiditeit, tipe uitruil-katioon, elektrolietkonsentrasie, kleikonsentrasie, pH, ontvlokker-tipe en konsentrasie, drukgeskiedenis van 'n swelklei-suspensie, en veroudering van die suspensie. Die effek van elk op die akkuraatheid en herhaalbaarheid van die sedimentêre partikelgrootte analises van kleie word in detail bespreek. 'n Verdere probleem wat die akkuraatheid van sedimentêre metodes beïnvloed, is dat wanneer smektiete en menglaag-kleie in water gesuspendeer word, hulle digthede in verskillende mates weens swelling verander. Dit is egter onmoontlik om die digtheid van swelkleie in water piknometries te bepaal, omdat swelklei 'n gedeelte van die water absorbeer wat gebruik moet word om die kleivolume mee te bepaal. Om hierdie probleem op te los, is 'n nuwe metode ontwikkelom die digtheid van swelkleie mee te bereken. Die metode maak gebruik van reedsbestaande Monte Carlo simulasies van die swelling van montmorillonite. Tydens alle sedimentêre metodes word normaalweg van 'n gemiddelde kleidigtheid gebruik gemaak om die partikelgrootte-verspreiding van kleimengsels mee te bereken. Indien die berekende gemiddelde digtheid egter genoegsaam met dié van 'n kleikomponent verskil, sal onakkurate resultate verkry word. Hierdie effek is ondersoek vir 'n paar selfgemaakte kleimengsels wat uit verskillende hoeveelhede kaoliniet, illiet, en montmorilloniet bestaan het. Laastens word 'n praktiese benadering en 'n standaard metode vir alle sedimentêre metodes voorgestel, wat gebaseer is op al die bogenoemde resultate. 'n Verkorte opsomming, met die groottes van die foute geassosieer met elke parameter wat ondersoek is, word laastens in tabelvorm verskaf.
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Books on the topic "Particle size determination Fluidization"

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Particle size measurement. 5th ed. London: Chapman & Hall, 1997.

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Allen, Terence. Particle size measurement. 4th ed. London: Chapman and Hall, 1990.

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Particle size analysis: Classification and sedimentation methods. London: Chapman & Hall, 1994.

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Buchele, Donald R. Particle sizing by weighted measurements of scattered light. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Heiskanen, K. I. Particle classification. London: Chapman & Hall, 1993.

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Woods, Mark. The PM: January 1985 to July 1986. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1987.

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Koskinen, Jukka Tapio. Use of population balances and particle size distribution analysis to study particulate processes affected by simultaneous mass and heat transfer an nonuniform flow conditions. Lappeenranta: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 1993.

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8

Woods, Mark. The PM10 ssampler evaluation program: January 1985 to July 1986. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1987.

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American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Equipment Testing Procedures Committee. AIChE equipment testing procedure: Trayed & packed columns : a guide to performance evaluation / Equipment Testing Procedures Committee of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Hoboken: Wiley-AIChE, 2014.

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Woods, Mark. The PMb10 ssampler evaluation program: January 1985 to July 1986. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Particle size determination Fluidization"

1

Allen, Terence. "Incremental methods of particle size determination." In Particle Size Measurement, 310–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0417-0_9.

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Allen, Terence. "Radiation scattering methods of particle size determination." In Particle Size Measurement, 483–502. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0417-0_14.

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Frock, Harold N. "Particle Size Determination Using Angular Light Scattering." In Particle Size Distribution, 146–60. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0332.ch010.

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Allen, Terence. "Determination of pore size distribution by gas adsorption." In Particle Size Measurement, 624–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0417-0_18.

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Gulari, Erdogan, A. Annapragada, Esin Gulari, and B. Jawad. "Determination of Particle Size Distributions Using Light-Scattering Techniques." In Particle Size Distribution, 133–45. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0332.ch009.

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Kourti, Theodora, and John F. MacGregor. "Particle Size Determination Using Turbidimetry." In ACS Symposium Series, 34–63. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0472.ch003.

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Torvela, Heikki. "Determination of Particle Size Distribution." In Measurement of Atmospheric Emissions, 51–72. London: Springer London, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3482-4_3.

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Allen, Terence. "The electrical sensing zone method of particle size distribution determination (the Coulter principle)." In Particle Size Measurement, 455–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0417-0_13.

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Osborne, David W., Kevin Dahl, and Harshil Parikh. "Determination of Particle Size and Microstructure in Topical Pharmaceuticals." In The Role of Microstructure in Topical Drug Product Development, 89–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17355-5_3.

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Nicoli, David F., Theodora Kourti, Paul Gossen, Jau-Sien Wu, Yu-Jain Chang, and John F. MacGregor. "On-Line Latex Particle Size Determination by Dynamic Light Scattering." In ACS Symposium Series, 86–97. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0472.ch005.

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Conference papers on the topic "Particle size determination Fluidization"

1

de Souza Braun, Meire Pereira, Geraldo Luiz Palma, Helio Aparecido Navarro, and Paulo Sergio Varoto. "Determination of Minimum Fluidization Velocity for Gas-Solid Beds by Experimental Data and Numerical Simulations." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62524.

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The purpose of this work is to predict the minimum fluidization velocity Umf in a gas-solid fluidized bed. The study was carried out with an experimental apparatus for sand particles with diameters between 310μm and 590μm, and density of 2,590kg/m3. The experimental results were compared with numerical simulations developed in MFIX (Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchange) open source code [1], for three different sizes of particles: 310mum, 450μm and 590μm. A homogeneous mixture with the three kinds of particles was also studied. The influence of the particle diameter was presented and discussed. The Ergun equation was also used to describe the minimum fluidization velocity. The experimental data presented a good agreement with Ergun equation and numerical simulations.
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Volk, Annette, Urmila Ghia, Christopher Stoltz, John Hecht, and Jason Stamper. "Quantification of Numerical and Modeling Errors in Simulation of Fluid Flow Through a Fixed Particle Bed." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7561.

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An open-source coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) – Discrete Element Method (DEM), CFDEM, is employed to study flow through a fixed particle bed. The simulation is repeated for a range of computational cell sizes, and the solution trend is analyzed. A grid-refinement study procedure, standard for publication of CFD simulation results, is applied to the CFDEM simulations. The results are analyzed, with emphasis on the frequency of convergence and a comparison of the expected numerical error and extrapolated-solution error, termed the ‘offset’ method. Methods of analysis for numerical modeling parameters, as well as uniform reporting procedures, have not been established for granular-flow simulations. This has led to modeling errors and incorrect results that have hampered fluidization research. The present work shows that the standard grid-refinement study is applicable to granular-fluid flows, and produces results that are useful for common modeling choices such as drag correlation and determination of optimal computational cell size. Additional analysis procedures developed in this study, and based on the grid-refinement results, are shown to give good estimates of the resulting solution error.
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Swanepoel, F., D. M. Weber, and G. Metzner. "Particle size distribution determination using acoustic information." In 1999 IEEE Africon. 5th Africon Conference in Africa. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.1999.820840.

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Shrivastava, Kaushal Kishore. "Determination of Optimum Particle Size for Economical Hydrotransport." In ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77065.

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In the present work the generalized mathematical model (SK model) developed by Shrivastava and Kar [1, 2] has been utilized to determine the optimum size of the solid particles (sand, coal, pvc- granules, and lead shot), which offers the minimum frictional resistance to flow and results into the minimum head loss when transported through horizontal pipes under the conditions identical to those achieved by the investigators [3- 6] in their experiments. On the basis of the present investigation it has been observed that for the transport of solid through horizontal pipe at constant throughput the head loss does not depend directly on the size of the particles rather it depends on the values of the critical velocity (fluid velocity at which the head loss is minimum in the characteristic curve) calculated for solids of different sizes. Whereas for the transport of solid particles at constant volumetric concentration the head loss depends directly on the size of the particle and it is minimum for the largest size of the particle. Thus, it is possible to determine the optimum size of the particles for economical hydrotransport through horizontal pipe at constant throughput from the energy consumption point of view by utilizing the expressions of SK model.
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Chandimal Bandara, Janitha, Marianne Sørflaten Eikeland, and Britt Margrethe Emilie Moldestad. "Analyzing the effects of particle density, size, size distribution and shape for minimum fluidization velocity with Eulerian-Lagrangian CFD simulation." In The 58th Conference on Simulation and Modelling (SIMS 58) Reykjavik, Iceland, September 25th – 27th, 2017. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp1713860.

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Jawad, Badih A., Chris H. Riedel, and Ahmad A. Bazzari. "Determination of Particle Size Distribution Using Laser Diffraction Technique." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60510.

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Understanding the disintegration mechanism, spray penetration, and spray motion is of great importance in the design of a high quality diesel engine. The atomization process that a liquid would undergo as it is injected into a high-temperature, high-pressure air, is investigated in this work. The purpose of this study is to gain further insight into the atomization mechanism, the variation over time in droplet size distribution and spray penetration. This is done based on effect of chamber pressure, injection pressure, and type of fuel. A laser diffraction method is used to determine droplet mean diameters, single injection with synchronized time mechanism allowed the time dependent studies. Obscuration signals are obtained through a digital oscilloscope from which arrival time of spray can be measured. The spray penetration correlation obtained is compared to other correlation’s obtained from different other techniques used in the literature.
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Shahram Emami, Lope G. Tabil, and Todd Pugsley. "Determination of Particle Size Distribution of Chickpea Flour Granules." In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.16917.

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Dovichi, Norman J., and Fahimeh Zarrin. "Laser doppler velocimetry for sub-micrometer particle size determination." In AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 160. AIP, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.36754.

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Golriz, Mohammad R., Morgan Eriksson, Marcus O¨hman, Anders Nordin, and Rainer Backman. "Influence of Fluidization Velocity on Bed Defluidization in Fluidized Bed Combustors." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78133.

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Effects of superficial gas velocity and bed particle size on bed defluidization during biomass combustion were investigated. Sampled bed particles from four different large-scale circulating- and bubbling fluidized bed combustors, using biomass as fuel, were collected and analyzed. The bed particles from each fluidized bed unit were divided into small and large particle size fractions. The results indicate no significant difference in elemental compositions between small and large coated bed particles but the ratio of coating thickness to the mean particle diameter was higher for the small particles compared to the large ones. Controlled fluidized bed agglomeration tests revealed strong influence from fluidization velocity on initial defluidization temperatures at lower velocities, but little effect at higher velocities. Influence of bed particle size on initial defluidization temperature varied depending on operating conditions. Finally, a model based on viscous flow sintering is proposed for the relation between agglomeration temperature and superficial gas velocity. The model predictions are in good agreement with experimental data.
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Carvou, E., J. L. Le Garrec, E. Yee Kin Choi, and J. B. A. Mitchell. "Particle Size Determination in Electrical Arcs Using X-Ray Scattering." In 2013 IEEE 59th Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/holm.2013.6651421.

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Reports on the topic "Particle size determination Fluidization"

1

Hopke, P. K. The development and field testing of a system for determination of ultrafine activity particle size distribution and working levels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6405404.

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Hopke, P. The development and field testing of a system for determination of ultrafine activity particle size distribution and working levels: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5979045.

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