Academic literature on the topic 'Particle Picking'
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Journal articles on the topic "Particle Picking"
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McSweeney, Donal M., Sean M. McSweeney, and Qun Liu. "A self-supervised workflow for particle picking in cryo-EM." IUCrJ 7, no. 4 (June 23, 2020): 719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252520007241.
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High-resolution single-particle cryo-EM data analysis relies on accurate particle picking. To facilitate the particle picking process, a self-supervised workflow has been developed. This includes an iterative strategy, which uses a 2D class average to improve training particles, and a progressively improved convolutional neural network for particle picking. To automate the selection of particles, a threshold is defined (%/Res) using the ratio of percentage class distribution and resolution as a cutoff. This workflow has been tested using six publicly available data sets with different particle sizes and shapes, and can automatically pick particles with minimal user input. The picked particles support high-resolution reconstructions at 3.0 Å or better. This workflow is a step towards automated single-particle cryo-EM data analysis at the stage of particle picking. It may be used in conjunction with commonly used single-particle analysis packages such as Relion, cryoSPARC, cisTEM, SPHIRE and EMAN2.
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Al-Azzawi, Ouadou, Tanner, and Cheng. "A Super-Clustering Approach for Fully Automated Single Particle Picking in Cryo-EM." Genes 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2019): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10090666.
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Structure determination of proteins and macromolecular complexes by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is poised to revolutionize structural biology. An early challenging step in the cryo-EM pipeline is the detection and selection of particles from two-dimensional micrographs (particle picking). Most existing particle-picking methods require human intervention to deal with complex (irregular) particle shapes and extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in cryo-EM images. Here, we design a fully automated super-clustering approach for single particle picking (SuperCryoEMPicker) in cryo-EM micrographs, which focuses on identifying, detecting, and picking particles of the complex and irregular shapes in micrographs with extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Our method first applies advanced image processing procedures to improve the quality of the cryo-EM images. The binary mask image-highlighting protein particles are then generated from each individual cryo-EM image using the super-clustering (SP) method, which improves upon base clustering methods (i.e., k-means, fuzzy c-means (FCM), and intensity-based cluster (IBC) algorithm) via a super-pixel algorithm. SuperCryoEMPicker is tested and evaluated on micrographs of β-galactosidase and 80S ribosomes, which are examples of cryo-EM data exhibiting complex and irregular particle shapes. The results show that the super-particle clustering method provides a more robust detection of particles than the base clustering methods, such as k-means, FCM, and IBC. SuperCryoEMPicker automatically and effectively identifies very complex particles from cryo-EM images of extremely low SNR. As a fully automated particle detection method, it has the potential to relieve researchers from laborious, manual particle-labeling work and therefore is a useful tool for cryo-EM protein structure determination.
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Yu, Xiaolu. "Application of Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Logistics Energy-Saving Picking Information Network." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (September 19, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6411285.
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In order to solve the logistics optimization problem, an application method of the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm in logistics energy-saving pickup information network is proposed. Firstly, a mathematical model of logistics cycle picking information scheduling optimization is established, logistics and picking paths are encoded as particles, and the optimal logistics cycle picking optimization scheme is found through the cooperation between particles. Secondly, the deficiencies of the particle swarm optimization algorithm are improved accordingly. In order to test the performance of the IPSO algorithm in solving the logistics circulation picking problem, in the simulation environment of P42 core, 2.6 GHz CPU, 4 GB memory, and Windows XP, the simulation experiment was carried out using VC++6.0 programming operating system. The particle number of the IPSO algorithm is 20, ω max = 5 , ω max = 1 . The experimental results show that the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm can effectively bypass the premature convergence of the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm and ensure that the optimal solution is searched in the global scope, and the optimal probabilistic solution is obtained, which is better than other scheduling algorithms, with more obvious advantages.
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Adiga, Umesh, William T. Baxter, Richard J. Hall, Beate Rockel, Bimal K. Rath, Joachim Frank, and Robert Glaeser. "Particle picking by segmentation: A comparative study with SPIDER-based manual particle picking." Journal of Structural Biology 152, no. 3 (December 2005): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2005.09.007.
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Ramani Lata, K., P. Penczek, and J. Frank. "Automatic Particle Picking From Electron Micrographs." Microscopy Today 3, no. 3 (April 1995): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500063203.
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The present-day interactive manual selection of biological molecules from digitized micrographs for single particle averaging and reconstruction requires substantial effort and time. Thus a computer algorithm capable of recognition of structural content and selection of particles would be desirable. A few approaches have been proposed in the past. The method by Frank and Wagenknecht is based on the principle of correlation search. Van Heel's method is based on the computation of the local variance over a small area around each point of the image field. The method by Harauz and Fong- Lochovsky is based on edge-detection.
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Lata, K. Ramani, P. Penczek, and J. Frank. "Automatic particle picking from electron micrographs." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100168347.
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The present-day interactive manual selection of biological molecules from digitized micrographs for single particle averaging and reconstruction requires substantial effort and time. Thus a computer algorithm capable of recognition of structural content and selection of particles would be desirable.A few approaches have been proposed in the past. The method by Frank and Wagenknecht is based on the principle of correlation search. Van Heel's method is based on the computation of the local variance over a small area around each point of the image field. The method by Harauz and Fong-Lochovsky is based on edge-detection. The present work was focussed on the detection and classification of particlesby exploiting the standard statistical methods of discriminant analysis.The proposed technique is described in the block diagram (Fig.1). As illustrated in the figure, the program consists of three distinct segments devoted to, respectively, preparation of the data, training session and automatic selection based on a discriminant function set up in the training, hi the data preparation segment, the micrograph is (i) reduced four-fold in size, (ii) low-pass filtered and (iii) run through a peak search algorithm.
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Ramani Lata, K., P. Penczek, and J. Frank. "Automatic particle picking from electron micrographs." Ultramicroscopy 58, no. 3-4 (June 1995): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(95)00002-i.
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Zhou, Xiao Min, Ying De Li, and Yue Peng Yao. "Slotting Optimization Model and Algorithm for Concerning the Correlation in Hybrid Travel Policy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.90.
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In the periodic picking background, we researched the influence of the picking correlations between Stock Keeping Units (SKUs), established dynamic location assignment model to minimize the total picking time, developed a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on the correlated SKUs. We set the cube-per-order-index (COI) solution as initial solution, used correlation strength to update the velocity and position of particles and assigned correlated SKUs to adjacent slots according to the optimal location sequence. The result shows that in zone-based wave-picking system with hybrid touring policy, the solution quality of PSO is always better than COI, the improvement of PSO is 2.50%~13.9% and average improvement is 2.84%~12.53%; the correlation has significant impact on the picking efficiency.
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Sanchez-Garcia, Ruben, Joan Segura, David Maluenda, Jose Maria Carazo, and Carlos Oscar S. Sorzano. "Deep Consensus, a deep learning-based approach for particle pruning in cryo-electron microscopy." IUCrJ 5, no. 6 (October 30, 2018): 854–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252518014392.
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Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently become a mainstream technique for the structural determination of macromolecules. Typical cryo-EM workflows collect hundreds of thousands of single-particle projections from thousands of micrographs using particle-picking algorithms. However, the number of false positives selected by these algorithms is large, so that a number of different `cleaning steps' are necessary to decrease the false-positive ratio. Most commonly employed techniques for the pruning of false-positive particles are time-consuming and require user intervention. In order to overcome these limitations, a deep learning-based algorithm named Deep Consensus is presented in this work. Deep Consensus works by computing a smart consensus over the output of different particle-picking algorithms, resulting in a set of particles with a lower false-positive ratio than the initial set obtained by the pickers. Deep Consensus is based on a deep convolutional neural network that is trained on a semi-automatically generated data set. The performance of Deep Consensus has been assessed on two well known experimental data sets, virtually eliminating user intervention for pruning, and enhances the reproducibility and objectivity of the whole process while achieving precision and recall figures above 90%.
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Yang, Wei, Xue Lian Li, Hai Gang Wang, and Yu Xiao Du. "Optimization for Order-Picking Path of Carousel in AS/RS Based on Improving Particle Swarm Optimization Approach." Advanced Materials Research 267 (June 2011): 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.267.752.
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In order to improve the access efficiency of small items storage system in Automatic Storage & Retrieval System, we use the particle swarm optimization approach to analyze and optimize its order-picking path by taking the carousel with double sorting tables as research object. Through the analysis of order-picking process, a mathematical model for solving optimization of order-picking path is brought forward, and a solving process based on particle swarm is designed aiming at this model and testing the effectiveness of this algorithm. The experimental simulation proves that PSO can be the fast, stable and effective solution to the optimization problem of order-picking path for double sorting tables, thereby improving the overall operation efficiency of Automatic Storage & Retrieval System.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Particle Picking"
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Holmgren, Joanna. "Induced Seismicity in the Dannemora Mine, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267361.
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Induced seismicity is a common phenomenon that occurs as soon as the stress state in the subsurface is externally altered in a way that faults are destabilized. It is especially problematic in stable tectonic regions where the area is not used to earthquakes; the infrastructure is not built to withstand ground movement and thus when the induced seismicity occurs damage can follow. In this thesis, mining-induced seismicity has been studied at the Dannemora mine, located in central Sweden, with the aim to locate the seismicity and gain understanding of its occurrence and behavior. The mining company, Dannemora Mineral AB, provided with blasting locations and times, as well as maps over the mine's orebodies and stopes. Seismic data acquired between 01 July 2014 - 25 March 2015 from 4 temporary seismic stations, deployed in the summer of 2014 surrounding the mine, along with 8 SNSN stations was analyzed. The project encompassed field work and processing of the data, which involved different methods to investigate the characteristics of the mine's seismicity: Statistics were kept to record the activity rate of the seismicity over time; spectral analysis was used to study the frequency content of the seismicity; particle motion plots were constructed to identify body-phases in the seismicity; Local Earthquake Tomography was used to upgrade the velocity model of the mine and to relocate the induced seismicity with more accuracy; cross-correlation was used to find events originating from similar sources; and finally, magnitude analysis was used to compare the different types of seismicity within the mine. Three main types of induced events were observed in the mine: low-frequency events with clear first arrivals, emergent events with long duration, and high-frequency events that could either have clear first arrivals or emergent-like with long durations. Through the analysis of their characteristics, they were linked to different types of rockbursts. The low-frequency events were linked to both reactivation of fault zones triggered by the mine activity, and rockbursts within the mine directly related to the mining. The emergent and high-frequency events were also linked to rockbursts directly related to the mine activity, e.g. ejection of rock from the tunnel walls or arch collapses in stopes.
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Wüstner, Cornell. "Selbstorganisierte Strukturen mit Saturn-Partikeln." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-157631.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt Herstellungsmöglichkeiten für sogenannte Saturn-Partikel. Es handelt sich dabei um Partikel, die auf ihrer Oberfläche drei Bereiche mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften aufweisen. Zwei Kappen mit gleichen Eigenschaften sind durch einen Gürtel getrennt, der sich stark von den Kappen unterscheidet. Im Speziellen geht es hier um die unterschiedliche Benetzbarkeit der Bereiche.
Die Herstellung von Saturn-Partikeln mit einem hohen Benetzungskontrast wurde auf zwei verschiedenen Wegen realisiert. Als Ausgangspunkt dienten Mikroglaskugeln, die zunächst zur Hydrophobierung ihrer Oberfläche mit einem Silan behandelt wurden. Eine Art der Saturn-Partikel wurde durch das Ätzen eines Gürtels rund um die Partikel mit Flusssäure in einer im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelten Spülzelle erzeugt. Auf diese Weise konnten Partikel mit zwei hydrophoben Kappen und einem hydrophilen Gürtel erhalten werden. Eine weitere Art dieser Partikel wurde durch das Abschleifen der Partikelkappen nach vorheriger Einbettung in Polymerfilme erhalten, wodurch die hydrophobe Beschichtung abgetragen und das ursprünglich hydrophile Glas freigelegt wurde. Die so erhaltenen Partikel wiesen zwei parallele, hydrophile Bereiche auf, die durch einen hydrophoben Gürtel voneinander getrennt waren.
Es wird gezeigt, dass Saturn-Partikel in Systemen mit Wasser und Öl beim Mischen von unterschiedlichen Anteilen der drei Phasen durch Selbstorganisationsprozesse verschiedene Strukturen wie Ketten oder Schichten ausbilden können. Des Weiteren sind sie in der Lage in
einem System mit Wasser und Luft besondere Schäume auszubilden, die eine sehr hohe Stabilität aufweisen. Die Partikel stabilisieren darin Flüssigkeitsfilme zwischen den Luftblasen, wobei der hydrophile Gürtel im Wasserfilm und die hydrophoben Kappen in der Luft liegen.
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Brunier, Barthélémy. "Modeling of Pickering Emulsion Polymerization." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10320/document.
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L’objectif du présent projet est de développer une méthodologie pour la modélisation fondamentale de procédés de polymérisation en émulsion sans tensioactif stabilisés par des particules inorganiques, dénommées "polymérisation en émulsion Pickering". La modélisation des systèmes de polymérisation en émulsion nécessite la modélisation de la distribution de taille des particules (PSD), qui est une propriété importante d'utilisation finale du latex. Cette PSD comprend des sous-modèles dédiés à la nucléation des particules, le transfert de masse entre les différentes phases (monomère, radicaux, stabilisant) et la coagulation des particules. Ces modèles devraient de préférence être validés expérimentalement de manière individuelle. La première partie principale du travail est consacrée à l'étude expérimentale. Cette partie peut être divisée en trois parties. La première partie décrit l'adsorption de particules inorganiques sur le polymère sans réaction. Une adsorption multicouche a été observée et l’isotherme B.E.T. a été capable de décrire cette adsorption. L'adsorption se révèle être plus importante pour une force ionique plus élevée. La dynamique d'adsorption semple être rapide et par conséquent le partage peut être considéré à l'équilibre pendant la polymérisation. La deuxième partie concerne l'étude de différents paramètres de réaction sur le nombre de particules et la vitesse de réaction dans des polymérisations ab initio. L'effet du mélange, de la concentration initiale des monomères et de la concentration de l'initiateur a été étudié. L'optimisation de ces conditions a été utile pour la partie de modélisation. La dernière partie décrit les différences entre plusieurs Laponite® à travers la polymérisation en émulsion ab initio du styrène.La deuxième partie principale du manuscrit a porté sur la modélisation de la polymérisation en émulsion Pickering. Le modèle de bilan de population et le nombre moyen de radicaux par particule ont été calculés en fonction de l'effet des particules organiques. La croissance des particules de polymère a été optimisée en ajustant les modèles d'entrée et de désorption des radicaux décrits dans la littérature aux données expérimentales. Aucune modification n'a été nécessaire, ce qui nous a permis de conclure que l'argile n'avait aucune influence sur l'échange radical. Cependant, la stabilisation joue un rôle important dans la production de particules de polymère. Le modèle de nucléation coagulante a été capable de décrire le taux de nucléation et de prédire le nombre total de particulesThe aim of the present project is to develop a methodology for fundamental modeling of surfactant-free emulsion polymerization processes stabilized by inorganic particles, referred to as “Pickering emulsion polymerization”. Modeling emulsion polymerization systems requires modeling the particle size distribution (PSD), which is an important end-use property of the latex. This PSD includes submodels dedicated to particle nucleation, mass transfer between the different phases (monomer, radicals, stabilizer), and particle coagulation. These models should preferably be individually identified and validated experimentally. The first main part of the work is dedicated to the experimental study. This part can be divided in three parts. The first part describes the adsorption of inorganic particles on polymer without reaction. Multilayer adsorption was observed and B.E.T. isotherm was able to describe this adsorption. The adsorption was found to be enhanced at higher ionic strength. The adsorption dynamics were found fast and therefore clay partitioning can be considered at equilibrium during polymerization. The second part concerned the investigation of different reaction parameters on the particles number and reaction rate in ab initio polymerizations. The effect of mixing, initial monomer concentration and initiator concentration were considered. Optimization of these conditions was useful for the modeling part. The last part described the differences between several LaponiteR_ grades through the ab initio emulsion polymerization of styrene. The second main part of the manuscript focused on the modeling of the Pickering emulsion polymerization. The population balance model and average number of radicals balance were adapted regarding the effect of inxi organic particles. The growth of the polymer particles was optimized by fitting the models of radicals’ entry and desorption described available in literature to the experimental data. No modification was needed, which allowed us to conclude that the clay had no influence on radical exchange. However, LaponiteR_ stabilization played an important role in polymer particles production. Coagulative nucleation model was able to describe the nucleation rate and predict the total number of particles
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Zhou, Yuanyuan. "Oil-dispersed pH-responsive particle as Pickering emulsifiers." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17380/.
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In this work, the oil-dispersed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sterically stabilised poly(Methl Methacrylate-2Vinyl Pyridine) p(MMA-2-VP) particles are investigated for use as Pickering emulsifiers with varied emulsification conditions (pH, particle concentrations and oil-water volume ratios) and their adsorption behaviours on 2-Dimensional curved oil-water interface. These particles are synthesised by dispersion polymerisation in dodecane and their particle content can be controlled by varying the initial MMA: 2-VP ratio (uncrosslinked particles with varied MMA-2-VP ratio in particle cores) and crosslinker concentrations (cross-linked particles with constant initial MMA-2-VP ratio). Transitional phase inversion from w/o to o/w emulsions which are stabilised by oil-dispersed p(MMA-2-VP)-PDMS particles is induced by tuning pH from 6 to 2 in aqueous phase, regardless of particle concentrations. It is the first time reported of such phase inversion in emulsions stabilised with responsive emulsifiers by responding to the relevant environmental trigger. This phenomenon occurs only in the emulsion systems that prepared in the presence of such oil-dispersed particles containing more than 62% p2-VP in cores. The particles which synthesised with 5 mol% (respect to monomer concentration) cross-linkers can stabilise most stable emulsions than others, in particular the o/w emulsion, no released oil can be observed after 10 months preparation. Pickering emulsions are also prepared by changing the oil-water volume ratio under different pHs. Catastrophic emulsion phase inversion from single emulsions to multiple emulsions are observed under certain experimental conditions, indicating that such phenomenon is not only controlled by increased dispersed phase fraction in emulsion systems but also governed by the proton concentration/quantity in aqueous phase. The o/w high internal phase emulsion gels are stabilised by such oil-dispersed pH responsive particles which synthesised with 5 mol% (respect to monomer concentration) cross-linkers at pH 2 with 70 vol% oil phase. Eventually, the measurement of interfacial tension as a function of time in the presence of varied concentrations of oil-dispersed pH responsive particles are performed basing on a pendant drop method. Oil-dispersed pH responsive particles are more interfacially active at uncharged state than charged state. The adsorption coefficient value is large at charged state (pH2) than uncharged state (pH 6), implying the fact that such particle stabilised emulsion properties are governed mainly by their adsorption kinetics.
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Lazrigh, Manal. "Floating photocatalytic Pickering emulsion particles for wastewater treatment." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19527.
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The thesis constitutes an investigation into the production of floating photocatalytic particles (FPP) as a low cost, low carbon footprint and chemical-free wastewater treatment. It is anticipated that this approach would be particularly attractive for developing countries where it could reduce incidences of disease and pollution. The particles were manufactured from cocoa butter (CB), and contained either photocatalytic nanoparticle titanium dioxide TiO2 (P25) or silver-doped TiO2 (0.5% w/w). The photocatalytic activity of the particles was evaluated by means of the decolourisation of the dye indigo carmine (IC). Three arrangements were used; small scale treatment using Petri dishes, an 1800 ml batch-recirculation photoreactor and an 8 litre UV contactor. Membrane emulsification (ME) was the technique used here to generate particles of controlled size. The particles were in effect what are known as Pickering emulsions in which the solid fat core (CB) was stabilised by TiO2 nanoparticles, resulting in composite particles that float easily and can receive incident light to generate highly reactive free radical species. The FPPs were characterised by FEGSEM and EDs mapping analysis, and the images obtained displayed a spherical structure with a rough outer surface, and the EDs showed a good coverage of TiO2 on the surface of at a maximum loading of 10% w/w. Tests were conducted to assess the stability of the particles when used in repeated cycles. Reuse of the particles caused a significant drop of photodegradation activity after four cycles to 42% of that of freshly prepared particles. The correlation of photocatalytic activity with silver dosage was also investigated. The highest photocatalytic activity was achieved at 0.5 wt. % of silver doped TiO2 and was some 10% greater than for un- doped particles. The organic carbon release resulted from TOC analysis for the FPPs that were exposed to UV light for 8.5 hr in water was less than 1 wt. %. First order reaction kinetics were exhibited during decolourisation of IC dye with respect to the initial dye concentration, radiation intensity, percentage coverage of the liquid surface by the FPPs, and the catalytic loading. For a static system (i.e. no forced convection), the most effective surface coverage was identified as being in the range of 60 to 80%. A linear source spherical emission model (LSSE) was adopted to estimate the intensity of the incident radiation on the surface of the FPP layer in the photoreactor and validated. In addition, a preliminary kinetic model to describe of the effect of the photocatalytic active surface concentration of TiO2 as well as the efficient intensity flux in the kinetic model was developed for the FPP layer photoreactor.
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Duffus, Laudina Jeneise. "Edible pickering emulsion technology : fabrication of edible particle stabilised double emulsions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7456/.
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Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion systems provide an innovative approach for the development of low-fat healthier foods. By replacing a proportion of the oil phase of a simple oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion with an internal water phase, the overall oil volume within the emulsion system can be decreased, with potentially negligible changes to its organoleptic properties. However, double emulsions are notoriously unstable for adequate periods of time, largely due to the existence of two oppositely curved water-oil (W/O) and oil-water (O/W) interfaces in close proximity. The present study investigates the use of Pickering stabilisation in order to enhance the stability of double emulsions. Pickering stabilisation mechanisms are reputed for superior, longer term stabilisation capacities when compared to conventional surfactant stabilised emulsions, but edible particles with Pickering functionality are scarce. The work in this thesis explores the impact of introducing Pickering stabilisation to a double emulsion structure, initially at only one of the two water/oil interfaces (either W/O or O/W) and ultimately across the entire interfacial areas. Initial work conducted centred on investigating the role of a range of edible particulates as potential Pickering stabilisers in simple emulsions (both W/O and O/W emulsion types). Based on the knowledge gained from these studies, a range of Pickering-Surfactant stabilised double emulsions (with particles or surfactant stabilising alternate interfaces), using a range of surfactants, and Pickering only stabilised double emulsion systems were prepared and analysed in terms of their microstructure, stability and encapsulation efficiencies.
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Williams, Mark. "Polymer-modified inorganic particles : versatile Pickering emulsifiers for microencapsulation applications." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6633/.
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Reeves, Matthew. "Structure, dynamics and the role of particle size in bicontinuous Pickering emulsions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23641.
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Bicontinuous Pickering emulsions (or bijels) are a relatively new class of novel soft material with many potential industrial applications, including microfluidics, tissue engineering and catalysis. They are typically formed by initiating the spinodal decomposition of a binary liquid mixture in the presence of neutrally-wetting colloidal particles. The particles attach at the liquid-liquid interface and arrest the phase separation by jamming when the concentration of particles approaches the 2D close-packing limit. Predicted by simulations in 2005 and realized in the laboratory in 2007, many aspects of the bijels complex behaviour and properties have remained unexplored. This thesis expands the knowledge of the bijels structural and dynamical properties, while focusing specifically on the role of particle size. The bijels porosity (average interfacial separation L) according to simulations can be controlled by varying the size r and volume fraction ϕ of particles in the system (L ∝ r/ϕ). The inverse scaling of L with ϕ has been verified for one size of particle, but to access smaller values of L (to allow the structure to be used for a wider range of industrial applications) the scaling with r must be tested. Chapter 3 presents the first systematic study of reducing particle size in bijels made with the liquid pair water/lutidine (W/L).We find that a five-fold reduction in r only requires moderate modification to preparation methods (concentrations of reactants during particle synthesis and increased particle sonication time) and in principle allows L values of between 1 & 10 μm to be accessed in the W/L system, where previously 10 μm was the limit. We demonstrate that this reduced lower bound of L can be translated into a lower bound for polymerized bijels also. Unfortunately, reducing particle size even further (in the same way) reveals a law of diminishing returns, as the uptake fraction of particles to the interface also reduces as we reduce particle size. Hence, to reduce lengthscale even further, a new bijel fabrication paradigm is required. Unexpectedly, we find that the temperature quench rate becomes less important for smaller particles (which constitutes a direct material synthesis advantage) and develop a new theoretical framework to take account of this observation. Large particles promote domain pinch-off during the coarsening (due to a larger driving force towards spontaneous curvature) resulting in bijel failure when slow rates are used because the time required to jam is greater than the time required for depercolation. To further probe the bijels structure as a function of particle size and quench rate, and to account for the success/failure scenarios which seem not to depend on L, in Chapter 4 we quantitatively characterize the morphology by measuring distributions of interfacial curvatures. By computing area-averaged quantities to make valid comparisons, we find that smaller particles and faster quench rates produce bijels with greater hyperbolic `open' character, aligning with our understanding of bijel formation gained from Chapter 3. We compare to simulated bijel data and an estimate of the hyperbolicity of the bare liquids undergoing spinodal decomposition, validating the results. In addition, we uncover a time-dependent `mutation' of the curvature distributions when large particles are used, but not when smaller particles or a different liquid pair is used. The mutation appears to correlate with the propensity of the interfacial particles to form a 'monogel', whereby the interfacial particles develop permanent bonds and remain as a 3D percolating network after the interface is removed, although the precise mechanism of the mutation is still to be verified. Following the results from Chapters 3 & 4 it is clear that there are potentially microscopic phenomena in the bijel which result in macroscopic aging and/or a determination of macroscopic structural properties. To investigate further, we use diffusing-wave spectroscopy (a form of light scattering) to probe the microscopic dynamics of the interfacial particles and/or the particle-laden liquid-liquid (L-L) interface. We find that bijel dynamics show two-step (fast/slow) decay behaviour, with the dynamics slowing as the system ages. The two-step decay is very similar to that observed in colloidal gels formed by diffusion-limited cluster aggregation (DLCA), with the initial (fast) decay due to thermally-activated modes of the gel network, and the later (slow) decay due to the relaxation of internal stresses induced by gel syneresis. For a bijel, the internal stresses could be due to syneresis, but could also be due to the jamming transition and/or the monogelation process and/or the forces acting on the L-L interface by the particle layer. In terms of the aging, if the system does not form a monogel, the correlation functions can be (almost) rescaled on to a master curve, indicating the property of universal aging. If the system does monogel, the functions cannot be superimposed, implicating the monogelation process as a potential cause for a different kind of aging in this system. Due to the interesting differences found when changing the size of the stabilizing particles in a bijel, in Chapter 6 we combine large and small particles (making `bimodal' bijels) and look for evidence of particle segregation by size, quantitatively estimate the ratio of particle uptake fractions and measure kinetics. Larger particles are found to adsorb to the interface in twice the quantity as smaller particles, and we find evidence to suggest the preference of larger particles for interfaces curved in only one direction, corroborating results from previous Chapters. Bimodal bijels take longer to jam than an equivalent monomodal (standard) bijel, which is backed up by simulations and highlights the increased ability of the bimodal particles to reorganise at the interface before arriving at the jammed metastable state. Finally, we also observe that the lengthscale of a bimodal bijel can heavily depend on the quench rate used during the preparation, suggesting that quench rate could be used (as well as particle size, volume fraction and contact angle) as a lengthscale control parameter. This thesis adds to the bijel literature, building on previous experimental studies and verifying/contradicting simulations. Particle size is shown to be a pivotal parameter for bijel formation in the W/L system, with particles of size r = 63 nm proving more versatile (markedly less sensitive to quench rate) than particles of size r ≈ 300 nm. However, even-smaller particles (of the same type) do not provide any additional advantage. We also show how the particle size can not only control bijel porosity (according to L ∝ r/ϕ as predicted by simulations) but can control bijel topology (smaller particles result in structures with greater hyperbolic character). By monitoring the bijel structure over time (topology and dynamics) we have shown that the bijel (in some cases) continues to age for at least c. 1 hr (topology) and in all cases c. 1 day (dynamics). For the first time experimentally, we have used a bimodal dispersion of particles to stabilize a W/L bijel and have uncovered a potentially useful new way to produce samples with different porosities from the same starting mixture, by changing the quench rate. The knowledge of the interplay between particle size and quench rate along with the effect on bijel topology will both assist in the scaling up of processes for industrial-level production and inform future strategies for tailoring the structure for specific applications. Future research should focus on several remaining open questions. The volume fraction of r = 63 nm particles in the W/L system should be increased towards 10% and sonication procedures improved to allow good redispersion to test the lower bound of L, which we expect to be around 1 μm. Also, a new W/L fabrication paradigm should be devised which uses sterically-stabilized particles, to continue the reduction of r towards the value used in simulations (5 nm) in order to test the fundamental physics of bijel formation, specifically what value of interfacial attachment energy is needed for long-term stability. Bijel dynamics can be further probed by using a technique which allows a variation in the probe lengthscale (e.g.differential dynamic microscopy, DDM), as well as developing a better theoretical model for (multiple) light scattering in a bijel system to arrive at the mechanisms responsible for the anomalous aging, and compare to the predictions of monogelation. Finally, higher magnification/resolution microscopy should be used to look for particle segregation on the liquid-liquid interface (as seen in simulations) and to identify in real-space the locations of the changes in Gaussian curvature over time as measured in Chapter 4.
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Li, Keran. "Surfactant-free synthesis of magnetic latex particles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10211/document.
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Ce travail de thèse décrit l'élaboration de latex hybrides oxyde de fer (OF)/polymère par polymérisation en émulsion sans tensioactif. Des nanoparticules d'OF cationiques ont été tout d'abord synthétisées par co-précipitation de sels de fer dans l'eau. Des latex hybrides magnétiques ont été ensuite obtenus par deux voies de polymérisation. La première consiste en la synthèse de particules de latex de morphologie 'carapace' par polymérisation en émulsion Pickering du styrène et du méthacrylate de méthyle (MMA). Un comonomère auxiliaire (acide (méth)acrylique ou acide 2-acrylamido-2-méthyl-1-propane sulfonique) a été utilisé pour favoriser l'adsorption des OF à la surface des particules de polymère produites. Les analyses par MET indiquent la présence d'OF à la surface des particules de polymère (structure carapace). L'analyse thermogravimétrique a permis de quantifier l'efficacité d'incorporation des OF, i.e. la fraction d'OF initialement introduits effectivement adsorbés à la surface des particules. L'efficacité d'incorporation augmente avec la quantité de comonomère auxiliaire, le pH et la concentration en OF et dépend de la nature du monomère hydrophobe. Dans la deuxième voie, les OF ont été encapsulés par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert de chaîne réversible par addition-fragmentation (RAFT) en émulsion aqueuse. La stratégie utilisée repose sur l'utilisation de macroagents RAFT amphiphiles comportant des groupements acide carboxylique connus pour interagir avec la surface des OF. L'interaction entre les macroRAFTs et les OF a été étudiée à travers le tracé de l'isotherme d'adsorption. Des analyses SAXS et DLS indiquent la formation de clusters d'oxyde de fer. Ces derniers ont été ensuite engagés dans la polymérisation en émulsion du styrène ou d'un mélange de MMA et d'ABu (ratio massique : 90/10) pour former une écorce de polymère à leur surface. Les particules carapace et les OF encapsulés affichent un comportement superparamagnétiqueThis work describes the elaboration of polymer/iron oxide (IO) hybrid latexes through surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. Cationic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by nitrate counterions were first synthesized by the co-precipitation of iron salts in water. Magnetic hybrid latexes were next obtained by two polymerization routes carried out in the presence of IO. The first route consists in the synthesis of polymer latexes armored with IO via Pickering emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) or styrene (St). An auxiliary comonomer (namely methacrylic acid, acrylic acid or 2-acrylamido-2-methy-1- propane sulfonic acid) was used to promote IO particle adhesion to the surface of the generated polymer particles. TEM showed the presence of IO at the surface of the polymer particles and the successful formation of IO-armored polymer particles. TGA was used to quantify the IO incorporation efficiency, which corresponds to the fraction of IO effectively located at the particle surface. The incorporation efficiency increased with increasing the amount of auxiliary comonomer, suspension pH and IO content or with increasing monomer hydrophobicity. In the second route, IO encapsulation was investigated via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-mediated emulsion polymerization. The developed strategy relies on the use of water-soluble amphipathic macromolecular RAFT agents containing carboxylic acid groups, designed to interact with IO surface. The interaction between the macroRAFT agents and IO was investigated by the study of the adsorption isotherms. Both DLS and SAXS measurements indicated the formation of dense IO clusters. These clusters were then engaged in the emulsion polymerization of St or of MMA and nbutyl acrylate (90/10 wt/wt) to form a polymer shell at their surface. Both IO-armored latex particles and polymer-encapsulated clusters display a superparamagnetic behavior
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Vasquez, Velado Francisco. "Emulsions de Pickering stabilisées par des particules de bois." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0031.
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La valorisation de la biomasse pour des applications de haute valeur ajoutée est un véritable défi scientifique, technologique et environnemental. Valoriser le bois et stimuler son usage industriel vers des applications durables est un enjeu climatique : le bois et la forêt sont des puits de carbone. Les fonctionnalités natives du bois lui confèrent des propriétés hydrophiles et hydrophobes pour se placer aux interfaces et stabiliser des émulsions. Ces recherches constituent donc une réponse aux questions de substitution de surfactifs issus de la pétrochimie par des matériaux naturels, renouvelables et biodégradables. Des études multiparamètres ont permis de comparer l’efficacité d’émulsification et de stabilisation d’émulsions en fonction des paramètres de procédé (technologie Ultra-Turrax UT, technologie Ultra-Sons US), et de formulation. Des émulsions stables sont générées à partir de dépenses énergétiques qui dépendent de la technologie mise en place (3000 kJ.L-1 par sonde à US et 6000 kJ.L-1 par UT). En formulation, des bornes ont été déterminées, en concentration en particules (0,31 g.L-1 à 2,37 g.L-1), en fraction volumique d’huile (0,1 à 0,6), en pH (3 à 9) et en salinité (< 2 g.L-1) pour délimiter les zones de meilleure stabilité des émulsions directes et utiles pour des changements d’échelles de travail (> TRL 4). Des voies de modification des propriétés de surface des particules de bois ont été abordées pour obtenir des émulsions inverses et multiples. Les particules de bois sont des nouveaux candidats performants pour la stabilisation des émulsionsThe valorization of biomass for high value-added applications is a real scientific, technological and environmental challenge. Valuing wood and stimulating its industrial use towards sustainable applications is a climatic issue: wood and the forest are carbon sinks. The native features of the wood give it hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties for interfacing and stabilizing emulsions. This research is therefore an answer to the question of substitution of surfactants from petrochemicals by natural, renewable and biodegradable materials. Multiparameter studies have made it possible to compare the emulsification and emulsion stabilization efficiency as a function of process (Ultra-Turrax UT technology, Ultra-Sound US technology) and formulation parameters. Stable emulsions are generated from energy expenditure that depends on the technology implemented (3000 kJ.L-1 for the US probe and 6000 kJ.L-1 for UT). In formulation, limits were determined, in particle concentration (0,31 g.L-1 to 2,37 g.L-1), in volume fraction of oil (0,1 to 0,6), in pH (3 to 9) and in salinity (< 2 g.L-1) to delimit zones of better stability of direct emulsions, useful for upscaling studies (> TRL 4). Pathways for modifying the surface properties of wood particles have been addressed to obtain inverse and multiple emulsions. Wood particles are new and powerful candidates for the stabilization of emulsion
Books on the topic "Particle Picking"
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Aveyard, Bob. Surfactants. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828600.001.0001.
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Characteristically, surfactants in aqueous solution adsorb at interfaces and form aggregates (micelles of various shapes and sizes, microemulsion droplets, and lyotropic liquid crystalline phases). This book is about the behaviour of surfactants in solution, at interfaces, and in colloidal dispersions. Adsorption at liquid/fluid and solid/liquid interfaces, and ways of characterizing the adsorbed surfactant films, are explained. Surfactant aggregation in systems containing only an aqueous phase and in systems with comparable volumes of water and nonpolar oil are each considered. In the latter case, the surfactant distribution between oil and water and the behaviour of the resulting Winsor systems are central to surfactant science and to an understanding of the formation of emulsions and microemulsions. Surfactant layers on particle or droplet surfaces can confer stability on dispersions including emulsions, foams, and particulate dispersions. The stability is dependent on the surface forces between droplet or particle surfaces and the way in which they change with particle separation. Surface forces are also implicated in wetting processes and thin liquid film formation and stability. The rheology of adsorbed films on liquids and of bulk colloidal dispersions is covered in two chapters. Like surfactant molecules, small solid particles can adsorb at liquid/fluid interfaces and the final two chapters focus on particle adsorption, the behaviour of adsorbed particle films and the stabilization of Pickering emulsions.
Book chapters on the topic "Particle Picking"
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Li, Hongjia, Ge Chen, Shan Gao, Jintao Li, and Fa Zhang. "PickerOptimizer: A Deep Learning-Based Particle Optimizer for Cryo-Electron Microscopy Particle-Picking Algorithms." In Bioinformatics Research and Applications, 549–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91415-8_46.
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Mo, Mingjie, Fang Kong, and Qing Liu. "Particle Picking Method for Cryo Electron Tomography Image Based on Active Learning." In Web Information Systems and Applications, 468–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87571-8_40.
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Lecomte-Nana, Giséle L., Volga Niknam, Anne Aimable, Marguerite Bieniab, David Kpogbemabou, Jean-Charles Robert-Arnouila, and Asma Lajmi. "Microcapsules from Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Clay Particles." In Advances in Bioceramics and Porous Ceramics VIII, 107–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119211624.ch10.
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Guzey, Alparslan, Mehmet Mutlu Akinci, and Haci Mehmet Guzey. "Smart Agriculture With Autonomous Unmanned Ground and Air Vehicles." In Artificial Intelligence and IoT-Based Technologies for Sustainable Farming and Smart Agriculture, 151–74. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1722-2.ch010.
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This study researches smart agriculture and its components, robotic systems and machine learning algorithms, development of agricultural robots, and their effects on the industry. In application, it is aimed to collect the harvest of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles and UGVs in communication with each other by means of time minimization of the target. It wanted to be tested with different approaches for an optimal number of stops by using particle swarm optimization. Deterministic, binary mixed (0-1) integer modeling was used to determine the optimal picking time of the apples allocated to the stalls with the k-means method. With this modeling, it has been determined which unmanned aerial vehicle will be collected and how it is calculated whether the air vehicle has collected the apple or not using 0-1 binary modeling. The route of the unmanned UGV was made by using the nearest neighbor, nearest insertion, and 2-opt methods. This study has been extended and reviewed by the summary paper at International OECD Studies Conference March 2020, Ankara, Turkey.
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"4. Bias with a Cherry on Top: Cherry-Picking the Data." In Partial Truths, 52–60. Columbia University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/zimr20138-006.
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Aveyard, Bob. "Emulsions stabilized by solid particles." In Surfactants, 501–22. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828600.003.0018.
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Adsorbed solid particles can stabilize (Pickering) emulsions and multiple emulsions very effectively. For roughly equal volumes of oil and water, together with solid particles, the ‘preferred’ emulsion type depends on the relative wettability of the particles by oil and water. Hydrophobic particles tend to stabilize W/O emulsions whereas hydrophilic particles favour O/W emulsions. Emulsions can be inverted from one type to the other either by changing the liquid volume fractions or the (mean) wettability of the particles. The latter method is analogous to changing the HLB in surfactant-stabilized emulsions. The possibility of forming thermodynamically (rather than kinetically) stable emulsions if (i) the line tension in the three-phase contact line around adsorbed particles is negative, and (ii) when Janus particles are used, is explored. Finally some other structures that can be stabilized by solid particles are mentioned.
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Wang, Liantie, Ao Gao, Qingshan Meng, and Dong Li. "Research on Separation and Extraction Technology and Device of Metal Meltdowns in Fire Scene." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220528.
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Small metal meltdown at the fire scene is one of the main physical evidence used by the fire department in the investigation of the cause of the fire. The mixture of metal meltdown and fire scene residue is mainly composed of steel, copper, aluminum, plastic, and burned carbides. According to magnetic roller structure, the magnetic field distribution and particles in the process of separating force and motion analysis and calculation, design the fire scene molten metal fall separator, according to the orthogonal experiment to discuss the separation of different parameters under the effects of the parameters on the separation and through discussing the separation efficiency of parameter under this experiment device of optimal parameter setting and the optimal picking area design. The sorting machine overcomes the shortcomings of low efficiency and easy omission in the past, which completely rely on manual screening of melted objects in the fire scene, and greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of fire investigation.
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Santamaria-Echart, Arantzazu, Isabel P. Fernandes, Samara C. Silva, Stephany C. Rezende, Giovana Colucci, Madalena M. Dias, and Maria Filomena Barreiro. "New Trends in Natural Emulsifiers and Emulsion Technology for the Food Industry." In Food Additives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99892.
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The food industry depends on using different additives, which increases the search for effective natural or natural-derived solutions, to the detriment of the synthetic counterparts, a priority in a biobased and circular economy scenario. In this context, different natural emulsifiers are being studied to create a new generation of emulsion-based products. Among them, phospholipids, saponins, proteins, polysaccharides, biosurfactants (e.g., compounds derived from microbial fermentation), and organic-based solid particles (Pickering stabilizers) are being used or start to gather interest from the food industry. This chapter includes the basic theoretical fundamentals of emulsions technology, stabilization mechanisms, and stability. The preparation of oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, the potential of double emulsions, and the re-emerging Pickering emulsions are discussed. Moreover, the most relevant natural-derived emulsifier families (e.g., origin, stabilization mechanism, and applications) focusing food applications are presented. The document is grounded in a bibliographic review mainly centered on the last 10-years, and bibliometric data was rationalized and used to better establish the hot topics in the proposed thematic.
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Fisher, David. "The Strange Case of Helium and the Nuclear Atom." In Much Ado about (Practically) Nothing. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195393965.003.0010.
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It is often taken as a matter of established fact that the difference between a good scientist and a great scientist is the ability to distinguish in advance which problems are going to be the important ones. I think this belief is a reflection of the fact that history is written by the winners: Professor X chooses a problem and with much hard work solves it, but it turns out not to have important consequences, so it and he are forgotten; Professor Y does the same, but this time the result spurs further work or even opens new and unforeseeable regions of science, so he naturally feels that his “intuition” was correct. But how do you distinguish his intuition from a lucky guess? I suggest that a study of the history of science tells us that luck plays a significant part. Consider, for example, Lord Rutherford’s discovery of the nuclear atom—perhaps the most important experimental discovery of the twentieth century, in that it led to quantum theory and the whole of nuclear physics. To set the stage: By the first few years of the twentieth century it had been determined that there were three kinds of radioactive emissions, termed alpha, beta, and gamma rays. The gamma rays were electromagnetic in nature, the beta rays were electrons, and Rutherford had just shown that the alpha rays were in fact helium; or rather, as he put it, the alpha rays were a stream of particles zipping along at roughly 10,000 miles per second which, after they slowed down and lost their electric charge, became helium atoms. (He didn’t realize at the time that they “lost” their positive electric charge by picking up negatively charged electrons.) What next? Well, the natural thing to do was to see how these radioactive emissions interacted with matter. This had already been done with the beta and gamma radiations: a stream of these radiations had been directed at various targets, and such parameters as their depth of penetration and ionizing capabilities had been measured, with no particular insights gained (an example of Professor X’s work).
Conference papers on the topic "Particle Picking"
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Li, Xiaoning, Yuewei Lin, Qun Liu, Sean McSweeney, and Shinjae Yoo. "Picking Particles in Cryo-EM Micrographs without Knowing the Particle Size." In 2019 New York Scientific Data Summit (NYSDS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nysds.2019.8909792.
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Wu, Xiaorong. "Automatic Particle Picking from Cryo-Electron Microscopy Images by Using Partial Least Squares." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5780224.
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Nguyen, Nguyen P., Ilker Ersoy, Tommi White, and Filiz Bunyak. "Automated Particle Picking in Cryo-Electron Micrographs using Deep Regression." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2018.8621224.
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Liu, Guole, Yaoru Luo, and Ge Yang. "3d Particle Picking in Cryo-Electron Tomograms Using Instance Segmentation." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897829.
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Chen, Xuanli, Yuxiang Chen, Jan Michael Schuller, Nassir Navab, and Friedrich Forster. "Automatic particle picking and multi-class classification in cryo-electron tomograms." In 2014 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2014). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2014.6868001.
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Liu, Junsong. "Optimization of Order-Picking Routes Based on Hybrid Particle Swarm Algorithm." In 2015 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Research and Mechatronics Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isrme-15.2015.216.
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Zhang, Chi, Hongjia Li, Xiaohua Wan, Xuemei Chen, Zhenghe Yang, Jieqing Feng, and Fa Zhang. "TransPicker: a Transformer-based Framework for Particle Picking in cryoEM Micrographs." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669524.
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Wu, Shiyu, Guole Liu, and Ge Yang. "Fast Particle Picking For Cryo-Electron Tomography Using One-Stage Detection." In 2022 IEEE 19th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi52829.2022.9761580.
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Wu, Shiyu, Guole Liu, and Ge Yang. "Fast Particle Picking For Cryo-Electron Tomography Using One-Stage Detection." In 2022 IEEE 19th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi52829.2022.9761580.
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Zhang, Xinmin, Tao Ma, and Xiaoguang Han. "Optimizing Fixed Shelf Order-Picking for AS/RS Based on Immune Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ical.2007.4339062.
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