Relevant bibliographies by topics / Particle packing

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Particle packing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Particle packing"

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Liu, Yuan-Yuan, Yaping Zhang, Yanrong Li, and Yi-Chen Guo. "Combined Influence of Particle Shape and Fabric on the Shear Behaviour of Granular Materials." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (November 23, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5993323.

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The anisotropy feature is an important characteristic of granular materials in natural life and is caused by two facts: the anisotropy feature of particle shape, such as an elongated or flattened shape, and the anisotropy feature of the packing fabric, such as the preferable orientation of particle alignment. The discrete element method has been commonly used in the study of meso-mechanics of granular materials and is in our study to simulate the direct shear test with particles of various aspect ratios under different initial orientation alignment conditions for assessing the coupled influence of anisotropy from particle shape and fabric of particle packings on the shear behaviour of granular materials. Analysis results show that anisotropy from the particle shape has the most significant influence on the shear behaviour of a granular packing when the packing has the initial anisotropy fabric of an orientational alignment perpendicular to the shear direction. Moreover, the initial fabric anisotropy of a granular packing has an increasing influence with the rise in anisotropy of particle shape. A combined anisotropic factor is finally introduced to reflect the coupled influence of the shape anisotropy of particles and the fabric anisotropy of particle packings.
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Iniyatova, Gulfairuz, Assiya Yermukhambetova, Aidana Boribayeva, and Boris Golman. "Approximate Packing of Binary Mixtures of Cylindrical Particles." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010036.

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Particle packing plays an essential role in industry and chemical engineering. In this work, the discrete element method is used to generate the cylindrical particles and densify the binary cylindrical particle mixtures under the poured packing conditions. The influences of the aspect ratio and volume fraction of particles on the packing structure are measured by planar packing fraction. The Voronoi tessellation is used to quantify the porous structure of packing. The cumulative distribution functions of local packing fractions and the probability distributions of the reduced free volume of Voronoi cells are calculated to describe the local packing characteristics of binary mixtures with different volume fractions. As a result, it is observed that particles with larger aspect ratios in the binary mixture tend to orient randomly, and the particles with smaller aspect ratios have a preferentially horizontal orientation. Results also show that the less dense packings are obtained for mixtures with particles of higher aspect ratios and mixtures with a larger fraction of elongated cylindrical particles.
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Miao, Yinghao, Xin Liu, Yue Hou, Juan Li, Jiaqi Wu, and Linbing Wang. "Packing Characteristics of Aggregate with Consideration of Particle size and Morphology." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (February 28, 2019): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050869.

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The packing characteristics of aggregates are very important for aggregate blend design, which is closely related to the performance of mixtures. In this study, an indoor packing experiment was designed to investigate the behaviors of single-size particle packing and two-size particle packing. The effects of particle composition, particle size and size ratio, particle morphology on packing characteristics were also evaluated. Two kinds of aggregates (crushed stone and gravel) with significant morphological differences were selected for the test. The angularity of the aggregates was quantitatively analyzed using the variance of mean curvature ( S C m 2 ) of particle surface in accordance with the 3-D scanning measurements. Based on the test results, the packing characteristics of aggregates were analyzed using the air void content (Va) and the packing function index (Ipf) proposed in this paper. It is shown that the analysis results of packed ideal spheres cannot be directly used to describe the packing characteristics of aggregates. Particle morphology has a significant impact on packing characteristics, especially on the Va. The Va of packed aggregates with poor angularity is significantly smaller than that with good angularity. Ipf can be used to quantitatively distinguish the packing function of particles. The test results show that the packing function of particles cannot be simply divided into the skeleton building and air voids filling. Generally, the particles in packed blend have both of these functions. The packing function of particles depends not only on the particle size, but also on the composition of particles with different size. When the size ratio and volume ratio are the same, the packing characteristics of the two-size particle blends will still change with the change of the particle size. The exploration of packing behaviors of single- size and two- size particle aggregates is helpful for analyzing the packing behaviors of blends with multi-size particles.
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Wiącek, Joanna, Mateusz Stasiak, and Jalal Kafashan. "Structural and Micromechanical Properties of Ternary Granular Packings: Effect of Particle Size Ratio and Number Fraction of Particle Size Classes." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020339.

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The confined uniaxial tests of packings with discrete particle size distribution (PSD) were modeled with the discrete element method. Ternary packings of spheres with PSD uniform or nonuniform by number of particles were examined in three-dimensional (3D) system. The study addressed an effect of the particle size ratio and the particle size fraction on structural and micromechanical properties of mixtures. A study of packing structure included porosity and coordination numbers, while the investigation of micromechanical properties included distribution of normal contact forces and stress transmission through the packing. A micro-scale investigation of the effect of particle size ratio on structure and mechanics of the ternary packings revealed a strong relationship between the properties of sample and the value of parameter till its critical value was reached. A further increase in particle size ratio did not significantly affect properties of packings. Contrary to the porosity and coordination numbers, the partial stresses were highly affected by the fraction of particle size classes in ternary mixtures. The contribution of the partial stress into the global stress was determined by number fraction of particles in packings with small particle size ratio, while it was mainly determined by particle size ratio in packings with small particle size ratio.
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Jiang, Haoran, Reid Kawamoto, and Takashi Matsushima. "Exploring the combined effect of particle shape and friction on cell structures in granular packings via LS-DEM modeling." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1330, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1330/1/012047.

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Abstract To comprehensively understand and predict the macroscopic behavior of a granular system, one must consider not only the properties of individual particles but also the local structures. In this study, we prepare mechanically stable granular packings of super disks using the two-dimensional level set discrete element method (LS-DEM). We identify the cells, the irreducible loops enclosed by contacting particles, in the prepared granular packings and then analyze the statistics of these structures. We find the following. (1) The packing fraction or mean coordination number of studied systems exhibits a non-trivial dependency on particle shapes and inter-particle frictions, making it challenging to establish a direct correlation between them. (2) Using the cell-based description as a bridge, we can measure the packing behavior without considering the influence of particle shape and inter-particle friction. Specifically, the mean coordination number can be explicitly represented as a function of the mean cell order according to Euler’s topological relation. Upon the assumption that all cells are regular polygons, we can also approximately estimate the rattlers-free packing fraction via the mean cell order. (3) We have observed a nearly linear relationship between the mean cell order and rattler fraction. This enables us to determine the packing fraction as well.
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Zhao, Tingting, Y. T. Feng, and Yuanqiang Tan. "Characterising 3D spherical packings by principal component analysis." Engineering Computations 37, no. 3 (November 21, 2019): 1023–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-05-2019-0225.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the previous study [Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 340: 70-89, 2018] on the development of a novel packing characterising system based on principal component analysis (PCA) to quantitatively reveal some fundamental features of spherical particle packings in three-dimensional. Design/methodology/approach Gaussian quadrature is adopted to obtain the volume matrix representation of a particle packing. Then, the digitalised image of the packing is obtained by converting cross-sectional images along one direction to column vectors of the packing image. Both a principal variance (PV) function and a dissimilarity coefficient (DC) are proposed to characterise differences between different packings (or images). Findings Differences between two packings with different packing features can be revealed by the PVs and DC. Furthermore, the values of PV and DC can indicate different levels of effects on packing caused by configuration randomness, particle distribution, packing density and particle size distribution. The uniformity and isotropy of a packing can also be investigated by this PCA based approach. Originality/value Develop an alternative novel approach to quantitatively characterise sphere packings, particularly their differences.
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Amano, Yuto, Takashi Itoh, Hoshiaki Terao, and Naoyuki Kanetake. "Prediction of Packing Density of Milled Powder Based on Packing Simulation and Particle Shape Analysis." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 1621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.1621.

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For precise property control of sintered products, it is important to know the powder characteristics, especially the packing density of the powder. In a previous work, we developed a packing simulation program that could make a packed bed of spherical particles having particle size distribution. In order to predict the packing density of the actual powder that consisted of nonspherical particles, we combined the packing simulation with a particle shape analysis. We investigated the influence of the particle size distribution of the powder on the packing density by executing the packing simulation based on particle size distributions of the actual milled chromium powders. In addition, the influence of the particle shape of the actual powder on the packing density was quantitatively analyzed. A prediction of the packing density of the milled powder was attempted with an analytical expression between the particle shape of the powder and the packing simulation. The predicted packing densities were in good agreement with the actual data.
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Sun, Shaobo, Huisu Chen, and Jianjun Lin. "A Universal Method for Modeling and Characterizing Non-Circular Packing Systems Based on n-Point Correlation Functions." Materials 15, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 5991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175991.

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A universal method for modeling and characterizing non-circular particles is developed. The n-point correlation functions (n = 1, 2 and 3) are efficiently computed with a GPU parallel computing procedure. An algorithm for dynamic packing of impenetrable non-circular particles is developed based on the fast estimation of overlap information using a one-point correlation function. The packing algorithm is independent of particle shape and proved to be reliable by examples of polygons and super-ellipses. In addition, penetrable packings are generated in an efficient and precise way. Using a two-point correlation function, these non-circular packs are accurately characterized and compared in terms of features such as penetrable and impenetrable, packing fraction and particle shape. In addition, three-point correlation functions are also illustrated and discussed.
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Dinger, Dennis R., and James E. Funk. "Particle-Packing Phenomena and Their Application in Materials Processing." MRS Bulletin 22, no. 12 (December 1997): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400034692.

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Particle packing is directly controlled by the particle-size distribution of a material being processed. For this reason, particle packing is important to all particulate/fluid systems. After the solids fraction of a body is defined, interparticle chemistry controls how the body will pack and flow. A system of powders can never pack better than the maximum possible level defined by the particle-size distribution alone. Proper control of interparticle chemistry however can help achieve maximum packing, can be used to open the structure, and/or can be used to modify rheological or other process properties.The main goals of particle-packing research have been to determine how systems of particles pack, to develop algorithms for calculating packing densities and porosities for any distribution of particles (spherical or nonspherical, rough or smooth, wet or dry), and to determine how packing and its properties affect the variety of industrial operations that utilize particulate/fluid systems.
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Wang, Yutao, Wei Deng, Zhaohui Huang, and Shuixiang Li. "Descriptor-free unsupervised learning method for local structure identification in particle packings." Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 15 (April 21, 2022): 154504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0088056.

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Local structure identification is of great importance in many scientific and engineering fields. However, mathematical and supervised learning methods mostly rely on specific descriptors of local structures and can only be applied to particular packing configurations. In this work, we propose an improved unsupervised learning method, which is descriptor-free, for local structure identification in particle packing. The point cloud is used as the input of the improved method, which directly comes from spatial positions of particles and does not rely on specific descriptors. The improved method constructs an autoencoder based on the point cloud network combined with Gaussian mixture models for dimension reduction and clustering. Numerical examples show that the improved method performs well in local structure identification of quasicrystal disk and sphere packings, achieving comparable accuracy with previous methods. For disordered packings, which have been considered having nearly no local structures, the improved method identifies a nontrivial seven-neighbor motif in the maximally dense random packing of disks and finds acentric structural motifs in the random close packing of spheres, which demonstrate the ability on identification of new and unknown local structures. The improved unsupervised learning method would help obtain information from massive simulation and experimental results as well as devising new order parameters for particle packings.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Particle packing"

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Chan, Ka-wai, and 陳嘉威. "Particle packing modeling incorporating the wedging effect." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50900055.

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The packing of solid particles is an important research topic in particle mechanics and powder technology. However, it is difficult to predict and measure the packing density of particles. Although theoretical models for prediction and test methods for measurement have been developed, the predicted values and measured results do not always agree with each other. Through in-depth review of the theoretical predictions by the existing 2-parameter model and the respective measured results, it is postulated in this thesis that the discrepancies between the predicted values and measured results are mainly due to the wedging effect – a new interaction effect that has not been considered in previous packing models. The wedging effect occurs when some isolated fine particles are entrapped at the gaps between the coarse particles or when the gaps between the coarse particles are not wide enough for the formation of complete layers of fine particles. Such wedging effect would reduce the packing density and therefore should be considered in particle packing modeling. To provide additional measured results covering a wider range of size ratio than those published by others, a comprehensive experimental study of measuring the packing densities of binary mixes of mono-sized and rounded particles has been conducted. The wedging effect was further explained and more importantly quantified in the light of these experimental results. And, by incorporating the wedging effect, a 3-parameter packing model has been developed. The 3-parameter model was calibrated by fitting the theoretical predictions with the measured results of the comprehensive study conducted herein. After calibration, the theoretical predictions agree very well with the measured results, with the prediction error generally within 1.43%. Further, some of the particle packing models were evaluated by comparing with published test results. The particle packing models so evaluated include the 2-parameter model (with the loosening and wall effects incorporated), the compressible model (with the loosening, wall and compaction effects incorporated) and the 3-parameter model (with the loosening, wall and wedging effects incorporated). It was found that the accuracy of the models varies with both the size ratio and volumetric fractions of the binary mix. In general, when the size ratio is larger than 0.65, all the packing models are sufficiently accurate. However, when the size ratio is smaller than 0.65, the 2-parameter model and the compressible model would either over- or under-estimate the packing density with the prediction errors generally larger at around the volumetric fractions giving maximum packing density. On the other hand, within the whole range of size ratio from 0.02 to 0.74 covered by the test results used for evaluation of the packing models, the packing density prediction by the 3-parameter model are accurate to within an absolute error of 0.020. Overall, the better performance of the 3-parameter model may be attributed to the incorporation of the wedging effect. With the wedging effect incorporated, the 3-parameter model is the most accurate and generally applicable to the whole range of size ratio from 0 to 1.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Civil Engineering<br>Master<br>Master of Philosophy
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Zheng, Xiao-Qin Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Packing of particles during softening and melting process." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Materials Science & Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31517.

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Softening deformation of iron ore in the form of sinter, pellet, and lump ore in the cohesive zone of an ironmaking blast furnace is an important phenomenon that has a significant effect on gas permeability and consequently blast furnace production efficiency. The macroscopic softening deformation behavior of the bed and the microscopic deformation behavior of the individual particles in the packed bed are investigated in this study using wax balls to simulate the fused layer behavior of the cohesive zone. The effects of softening temperature, load pressure, and bed composition (mono - single melting particles, including pure or blend particles vs binary ??? two different melting point particles) on softening deformation are examined. The principal findings of this study are: 1. At low softening temperatures, an increase in load pressure increases the deformation rate almost linearly. 2. At higher softening temperatures, an increase in load pressure dramatically increases the deformation rate, and after a certain time there is no more significant change in deformation rate. 3. The bed deformation rate of a mono bed is much greater than that of a binary one. 4. In a binary system, the softening deformation rate increases almost proportionally with the increase in the amount of lower melting point wax balls. 5. In a mono system with blend particles, the content of the lower melting point material has a more significant effect on overall bed deformation than the higher melting point one. 6. The macro softening deformation of the bed behaves the theory of creep deformation. 7. A mathematical model for predicting bed porosity change due to softening deformation based on creep deformation theory has been developed. 8. Increase in load pressure also reduces the peak contact face number of the distribution curves, and this is more prominent with higher porosity values. 9. The contribution of contact face number to bed porosity reduction is more pronounced in a mono system than in a binary system. 10. The porosity reduction in a binary bed is more due to the contact face area increase, presumably of the lower melting point particles. 11. The mono system has a single peak contact face number distribution pattern while the binary system exhibits a bimodal distribution pattern once the higher melting point material starts to deform. 12. In a binary system, an increase in deformation condition severity tends to reduce the contact face number of the higher melting point material without having to increase the contact face number of the lower melting point material accordingly to achieve a given porosity.
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Caulkin, Richard. "Applications of the DigiPac Model for Particle Packing." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491658.

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Chen, Xiaolin. "Particle packing, compaction and sintering in powder metallurgy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0014/NQ34746.pdf.

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Che, Lida. "Numerical constitutive laws for powder compaction using particle properties and packing arrangement." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40677.

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Numerical studies, calibrated and validated using experiments, were carried out to develop a constitutive law for powder compaction. In order to simulate powder compaction at particle level, single particle compression/breakage test is used to characterise the mechanical properties, which include elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio and yield strength. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of single particle compression was carried out and validated vs. single particle compression testing and then used to establish a suitable hardening law. The particle size, shape and packing arrangement were obtained using X-ray computed tomography. This information was transferred to FEA. Due to the presence of complex geometrical structures, Meshlab and Solidworks were chosen to deal with the arrangement of particles in the structure. The multi-particle finite element method (MPFEM) was implemented into the finite element software package Abaqus/EXPLCIT v6.14 and used to simulate the powder compaction process. The model input parameters include mechanical properties (of the single particle) and interactions between particles (e.g. friction). The stress-strain curves predicted by MPFEM were validated experimentally using compaction tests performed in a die instrumented with radial stress sensors. The method proposed was used for constitutive model development for powder compaction as an alternative to bulk powder characterisation. The stress-strain curves MPFEM were analysed using the deformation plasticity framework. Contours of constant complementary work in Kirchhoff stress space were established and a model consistent with the behaviour of the materials was identified in order to capture the materials response under conditions experienced in practical die compaction processes.
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Chellappah, Kuhan. "A study of the filtration of fibre/particle mixtures." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6323.

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This thesis investigates the constant pressure cake filtration of interacting cellulose fibre/TiO2 (rutile) mixtures, and involved experimental studies using an automated pressure filtration apparatus. The influence of suspension composition, filtration pressure and solution environment on filtration has been discussed in relation to cake properties such as average cake porosity and specific resistance. To help interpret the filtration results, sedimentation data were also obtained. The average porosities of filter cakes formed from pure rutile and fibre suspensions in deionised water were approximately 0.6 and 0.75, respectively, and a steady and progressive increase in porosity with fibre fraction was generally observed. With filtrations at 450 kPa, the average specific cake resistances for pure fibre and rutile in deionised water were approximately 9.4x1013 and 4.2x1012 m kg-1 respectively, with the variation of specific resistance with solids composition showing a minimum. Similar trends were observed at other tested filtration pressures with suspensions in deionised water but not with filtrations of suspensions in 0.2 M NaCl and 0.1 M CaCl2 solutions. The minima in average specific cake resistance with solids composition for feeds in deionised water was attributed to rutile-fibre interactions. Abrupt transitions in cake structure were evident part way through some filtrations, and resulted in unexpected filtrate flow behaviour. This is an interesting phenomenon, and not only were the changes in cake structure relatively reproducible, but also the nature of the change could be altered by changes in filtration pressure, solids composition and/or solution environment. The study of fibre/particle binary filtration behaviour, in particular the porosity and specific cake resistance trends, were substantiated by relevant theoretical treatment and modelling analysis. With the porosity trends, an additive porosity concept seemed to represent the data better than interparticle penetration models. With the specific cake resistance trends, a semi-empirical equation was proposed which appeared to represent a wide range of binary mixture filtration data. A mathematical framework was also developed in an attempt to understand the underlying physical mechanisms which led to filter cake restructuring, and possible explanations were postulated.
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Chao, Chien-Wei. "An Improved Dynamic Particle Packing Model for Prediction of the Microstructure in Porous Electrodes." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5632.

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The goal of this work is to develop a model to predict the microstructure of Li-ion batteries, specifically focusing on the cathode component of the batteries. This kind of model has the potential to assist researchers and battery manufacturers who are trying to optimize the capacity, cycle life, and safety of batteries. Two dynamic particle packing (DPP) microstructure models were developed in this work. The first is the DPP1 model, which simulates the final or dried electrode structure by moving spherical particles under periodic boundaries using Newton's laws of motion. The experience derived from developing DPP1 model was beneficial in making the final model, called DPP2. DPP2 is an improved version of DPP1 that includes solvent effects and is used to simulate the slurry-coating, drying, and calendering processes. Two type of properties were used to validate the DPP1 and DPP2 models in this work, although not every property was used with the DPP1 model. First are the structural properties, which include volume fraction, and electronic and ionic conductivities. Experimental structural properties were determined by analyzing 2D cross sectional images of the battery cathodes. These images were taken through focused ion beam (FIB) planarization and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The second category are the mechanical properties, which include film elasticity and slurry viscosity. These properties were measured through experiments executed by our group. The DPP2 model was divided into two submodels : active-free and active-composite. The 2D cross sectional images of the simulated structure of the models have a similar particle arrangements as the experimental structures. The submodels show reasonable agreement with the experimental values for liquid and solid mass density, shrink ratio, and elasticity. For the viscosity, both models show shear-thinning behavior, which is a characteristic of slurries. The volume fractions of the simulated structures of the active-free and active-composite models have better agreement with the experimental values, which is also reflected in the 2D cross sectional images of the structure.
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Lohmander, Sven. "The influence of particle shape of coating pigments on their packing ability and on the flow properties of coating colours." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Pulp and Paper Technology, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3044.

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<p>The influence of particle shape of coating pigments on theirpacking ability and on the flow properties of coating colourshas been investigated. The particle shapes considered werespherical, flaky and acicular (needle-shaped). In the case ofsuspensions containing monodisperse spherical polystyreneparticles, a concentration gradient appeared in the filter cakeforming during filtration under static conditions. Such agradient, monitoredby non-destructive magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI), is not accounted for in the traditionalfiltration theory used in coating technology. Good agreementwas found between a literature model describing filtrationthrough a compressible filter cake and the concentrationgradients measured by MRI. According to this model, the scaledconcentration gradient was the same at all times.</p><p>For flaky (mainly kaolin) and acicular (aragonite)particles, a rapid method was evaluated to estimate a shapefactor of the pigment particle. Generalised mathematical modelsof oblate and prolate spheroids were applied to reduce thethree geometrical dimensions of the particle to two, the majoraxis and the minor axis. The shape factor, which is mass-based,was derived from a comparison between the results obtained bytwo different size-assessment instruments, viz. the Sedigraphand an instrument using light scattering. This yields a shapefactor distribution as a function of equivalent sphericalparticle size, but the results are uncertain for small particlediameters, below 0.2 µm. Good agreement was obtainedbetween the shape factor and a mass-based aspect ratio obtainedby image analysis, but the rapid method is generally moreaccurate for flaky than for acicular particles.</p><p>Results obtained by capillary viscometry showed that therewas a relationship between the viscosity at high shear rates(>10<sup>5</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>) and the shape factor, but that it was notsufficient to use the median value of the shape factor toachieve proper information. A more complete evaluation requiresknowledge of the shape factor distribution, which is also givenin part by the method mentioned above. However, a large medianshape factor was related to a high high-shear viscosity.Non-Newtonian entrance pressure losses were sometimessignificant in capillary viscometry, indicating that it wasinappropriate to measure the shear viscosity with only onecapillary. Such effects were however relatively much morepronounced in slit die viscometry, especially in the case ofacicular particles, where the aspect ratio was a crucialparameter. The influence of the shape factor of kaolinparticles on the non-Newtonian entrance pressure losses over aslit die was surprisingly small. The high-shear viscosity ofcoating suspensions based on different pigments correlated withthe median pore size of the corresponding coating layer ratherthan with the porosity.</p><p><b>Keywords</b>: Aspect ratio, capillary viscometry, coatingcolour, filtration, particle packing, pigment, pore structure,rheology, shape factor, slit die viscometry, spheroid.</p>
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Conceição, Edilene de Souza. "Influência da distribuição granulométrica no empacotamento de matérias-primas na formulação de porcelânicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-04112011-150732/.

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Materiais complexos como porcelanas e porcelanatos tem suas propriedades maximizadas quando atingem altas densidades finais após a sinterização. Contudo, a sua formulação contém no mínimo quatro matérias- primas diferentes, sendo o caulim a maior parte, mas também contendo quartzo e feldspatos. A granulometria final da mistura é controlada por uma única etapa de moagem de todos os materiais misturados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter combinações de diferentes granulometrias de ortoclásio, albita e quartzo com uma única granulometria de caulim através de cálculos de máximo empacotamento com o objetivo de alcançar a máxima densidade a cru, mantendo-se uma única composição química final. Os resultados mostraram que utilizando o conceito de empacotamento de partículas e otimizando a distribuição granulométrica foi possível obter corpos de prova com maiores densidades finais, menor retração final, além de reduzir a temperatura de queima, o que impacta diretamente no custo de produção.<br>Complex materials such as porcelain and porcelain stoneware have maximized their properties when they reach high final densities after sintering. However, formulations contain at least four different raw materials, where the kaolin is the major constituent, but also quartz and feldspars. The final particle size of the mixture is controlled by a single step milling of all materials. The attempt of this paper is to make different combinations of particles size distributions of orthoclase, albite and quartz with a single particle size of kaolin by calculation of maximum packing in order to achieve maximum density crude keeping same final chemical composition. The results showed that using the concept of particle packing and optimizing the particle size distribution was possible to obtain specimens with higher density end, the lower total shrinkage, in addition to reducing the firing temperature, which directly impacts the cost of production.
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Ng, Priscilla, Priscilla Ng, and Priscilla Ng. "Simulating Particle Packing During Powder Spreading For Selective Laser Melted Additive Manufacturing Using The Discrete Element Method In Abaqus." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2162.

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Metal additive manufacturing allows for the rapid production of complex parts that are otherwise impractical using conventional subtractive manufacturing techniques. Applications for additive manufacturing span across a broad array of industries including aerospace, automotive, and medical, among many others. One metric of printing success is material properties, including part density. While there has been extensive research completed for the density of printed parts, there is little published work concerning powder packing density on the build plate associated with powder spreading. In this thesis, a Discrete Element Method (DEM) model was created in Abaqus to simulate the spreading behavior of particles through a single sweep of a spreader blade . Spreading behavior was investigated for three different build plate configurations: a flat build plate, a build plate with a small protruding feature, and a build plate with the same protruding feature split into quarters. For each configuration, the 2D packing behavior of the particles were analyzed during the powder spreading process. Different packing patterns seen in the 2D packing behavior were further analyzed to determine particle packing density, analogous to unit cell packing, and to predict 3D packing behavior and packing density. Additionally, particle packing density was measured following simulation using 2D image analysis to quantify powder spreading around, and interaction with, previously fused structures on the build plate. We found that the local packing fraction is measurably disrupted when particles interact with build plate features, providing insights into part density and short loading during part fabrication.
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Books on the topic "Particle packing"

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Pradhan, Subhasis, Shailendra Kumar, and Sudhirkumar V. Barai. Particle Packing Method for Recycled Aggregate Concrete. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7516-7.

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Cumberland, D. J. The packing of particles. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987.

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Cumberland, D. J. Optimisation of packing of powder particles as an aid to solid phase compaction. Belfast: Dept. ofMech. and Industrial Engineering, The Queen's Univ. of Belfast, 1985.

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A, Willhoft Edward M., ed. Aseptic processing and packaging of particulate foods. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1993.

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Particle packing characteristics. Princeton, N.J: Metal Powder Industries Federation, 1989.

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Yu, Aibing. Particle Packing and Transport Phenomena. Springer, 2024.

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Pradhan, Subhasis. Particle Packing Method for Recycled Aggregate Concrete. Springer, 2024.

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Bidkar, Kisan Laxman. Study of Particle Packing Theory: For Concrete Mix Proportioning Using LISA. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2021.

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Mattissen, Johanna. Sub-Types of Polysynthesis. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.5.

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The structural heterogeneity of polysynthetic languages is captured by a sublassification of allegedly polysynthetic languages according to their word-formational type (number of roots allowed in a verb form), namely, compositional, transitional, or affixal, and their internal organization (template vs. scope or both). Further parameters show correlations to these independent ones: the number of participants encoded on a verb, the imaginable evolutionary path via which the structure has come about, namely layering (“onion type”), internal expansion (“sandwich type”) or coalescence (“burdock type”), and the characteristic design of a complex verb form: Grammatical category accumulation (integration of non-obligatory, rather grammatical information); ping-pong recategorization (multiple verbalization and nominalization); productive in/excorporation; dependent-head synthesis; multiple packing (integration of rather lexical information); holophrasis (all wordforms being predicates—or particles); composite-stem layout (composite root-like morphemes, unitary concept); and building-block design (multiple classifer-like morphemes make up a wordform). The classification along these parameters reconciles conflicting approaches to polysynthesis.
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Book chapters on the topic "Particle packing"

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Johnson, G. D. W., R. H. Ottewill, and A. R. Rennie. "Characterisation of Particle Packing." In Modern Aspects of Colloidal Dispersions, 89–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6582-2_8.

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Angelidakis, Vasileios, Michael Blank, Eric J. R. Parteli, Sudeshna Roy, Daniel Schiochet Nasato, Hongyi Xiao, and Thorsten Pöschel. "DEM Simulation of the Powder Application in Powder Bed Fusion." In Springer Tracts in Additive Manufacturing, 263–83. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78350-0_13.

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Abstract The packing behavior of powders is significantly influenced by various types of inter-particle attractive forces, including adhesion and non-bonded van der Waals forces [4, 7, 8, 19, 41, 43]. Alongside particle size and shape distributions, the inter-particle interactions, particularly frictional and adhesive forces, play a crucial role in determining the flow behavior and consequently the packing density of the powder layer. The impact of various types of attractive forces on the packing density of powders with different materials and particle size distributions remains largely unexplored and requires further investigation. Accurately comprehending these effects through experiments while considering specific particle size distributions and material properties poses significant challenges.
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Romanova, Tetyana, Yuri Stoian, Andrii Chuhai, Georgiy Yaskov, and Oksana Melashenko. "Fast Heuristic for Particle Packing Problem." In Smart Technologies in Urban Engineering, 119–30. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46874-2_11.

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Funk, James E., and Dennis R. Dinger. "Fundamentals of Particle Packing, Monodisperse Spheres." In Predictive Process Control of Crowded Particulate Suspensions, 59–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3118-0_5.

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Funk, James E., and Dennis R. Dinger. "Computer Modelling of Particle Packing Phenomena." In Predictive Process Control of Crowded Particulate Suspensions, 95–103. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3118-0_8.

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Funk, James E., and Dennis R. Dinger. "Review of Packing in Polydisperse Particle Systems." In Predictive Process Control of Crowded Particulate Suspensions, 37–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3118-0_4.

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Pradhan, Subhasis, Shailendra Kumar, and Sudhirkumar V. Barai. "Background on Techniques for Sustainable Use of Recycled Aggregate and Application of Particle Packing Method." In Particle Packing Method for Recycled Aggregate Concrete, 1–17. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7516-7_1.

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Pradhan, Subhasis, Shailendra Kumar, and Sudhirkumar V. Barai. "Macro-level Performance Assessment of Concrete: Conventional Approach." In Particle Packing Method for Recycled Aggregate Concrete, 51–74. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7516-7_5.

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Pradhan, Subhasis, Shailendra Kumar, and Sudhirkumar V. Barai. "Performance Assessment of Concrete: Meso-, Micro-, Nano-level, and Physio-chemical Analysis." In Particle Packing Method for Recycled Aggregate Concrete, 103–46. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7516-7_7.

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Pradhan, Subhasis, Shailendra Kumar, and Sudhirkumar V. Barai. "Macro-level Performance Assessment of Concrete: Experimental Fracture Analysis." In Particle Packing Method for Recycled Aggregate Concrete, 75–101. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7516-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Particle packing"

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Yang, Jian, Qiuwang Wang, and Min Zeng. "Numerical Study of Flow and Heat Transfer in Novel Structure Packed Beds." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88145.

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A forced convection heat transfer inside micro pores of structure packed beds with spherical or ellipsoidal particles are numerically studied in this paper. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and RNG k-ε turbulence model with scalable wall function are adopted for present computations. The effects of packing form and particle shape are carefully studied and the flow and heat transfer performances in uniform and nonuniform packed beds are also compared in detail. The macroscopic hydrodynamic and heat transfer results are obtained from micro pore cells by using integrating method. The results show that, with the same physical parameters, the pressure drops in structure packed beds are much lower than those in randomly packed beds while the overall heat transfer efficiencies (except SC packing) are much higher. The traditional correlations of flow and heat transfer extracted from randomly packings are unavailable for structured packings, and some modified correlations are obtained. Furthermore, it finds that, with the same particle shape (sphere), the overall heat transfer performance of SC packing is better than that of BCC packing. With the same packing form (BCC), the overall heat transfer performance of spherical particle model is better than that of ellipsoidal particle model and with the same particle shape and packing form (BCC packing with sphere), the overall heat transfer performance of uniform packing is better than that of non-uniform packing.
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Stengel, T., F. Wiese, and N. Obermeier. "Random Dense Packing of Continuous Distributions of Spherical Particles - Use of Particle Packing Model and Discrete-Particle-Method to predict Particle Spacing Factors." In VIII International Conference on Particle-Based Methods. CIMNE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/c.particles.2023.046.

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Rubén Adrián, Cuba Lajo, and Loaiza Fernández Manuel Eduardo. "Indexed Parallel Sphere Packing for Arbitrary Domains." In 9th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIAPP 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.120918.

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Particle packings are used to simulate granular matter, which has various uses in industry. The most outstanding characteristics of these are their density and their construction time, the density refers to the percentage of the space of the object filled with particles, this is also known as compaction or solid fraction. Particle packing seeks to be as dense as possible, work on any object, and have a low build time. Currently there are proposals that have significantly reduced the construction time of a packing and have also managed to increase the density of these, however, they have certain restrictions, such as working on a single type of object and being widely affected by the characteristics of the object. The objective of this work is to present the improvement of a parallel sphere packing for arbitrary domains. The packing to improve was directly affected in time by the number of triangles in the mesh of object. This enhancement focuses on creating a parallel data structure to reduce build time. The proposed method reduces execution time with a high number of triangles, but it takes up a significant amount of memory for the data structure. However, to obtain high densities, that is, densities between 60% and 70%, the sphere packing construction does not overwhelm the memory.
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Shi, Yu, and Yuwen Zhang. "Simulation of Random Packing of Spherical Particles With Different Size Distributions." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15271.

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A numerical model for a loose packing process of spherical particles is presented. The simulation model starts with randomly choosing a sphere according to a pre-generated continuous particle-size distribution, and then dropping the sphere into a dimension-specified box, and obtaining its final position by using dropping and rolling rules which are derived from similar physical process of spheres dropping in the gravitational field to minimize its gravity potential. Effects of three different particle-size distributions on the packing structure were investigated. Analysis on the physical background of the powder-based manufacturing process is additionally applied to produce optimal packing parameters of bimodal and Gaussian distributions to improve the quality of the fabricated parts. The results showed that higher packing density can be obtained using bimodal size distribution with particle-size ratio from 1.5 to 2.0 and the mixture composition around n2:n1=6:4. For particle size with a Gaussian distribution, the particle radii should be limited in a narrow range around 0.67 to 1.5.
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Štefanec, Petra, and Ivan Gabrijel. "The influence of particle packing density optimization on the reduction of the amount of Portland cement in concrete." In 8th Symposium on Doctoral Studies in Civil Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/phdsym.2022.18.

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In order to reduce the emission of CO2 and the harmful impact on the environment during the production of concrete, it is important to think about the design of concrete mixes. In practice, the amount of cement is reduced by using cement with mineral additives (fillers) or, more rarely, by replacing part of the cement with mineral additives during the preparation of concrete. This does not go into the detailed characterization of the additives, nor the analysis of possible physical and chemical interactions between the particles, which is why the real potential of replacing part of the cement is often not realized. A fundamental approach to the mentioned problem can be realized through the theory of particle packing. In this paper, the existing methods of optimizing particle packing are presented, an insight is given into the most important parameters that define particle packing, and finally, a review of the literature shows how the amount of Portland cement in concrete mixes is reduced in recent times by optimizing the density of particle packing.
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Reichart, Markus, Martina Neises-von Puttkamer, Reiner Buck, and Robert Pitz-Paal. "Numerical Assessment of Packing Structures for Gas-Particle Trickle Flow Heat Exchanger for Application in CSP Plants." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-62746.

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Abstract The centrifugal particle receiver (CentRec), a direct absorbing receiver operating with ceramic particles, demonstrated at the Julich solar power tower under solar conditions technical large-scale feasibility, generating particle outlet temperatures up to 965 °C. To push particle based CSP technology further towards commercial application the high particle temperatures have to be transferred to a working fluid, like air. A gas-particle trickle flow direct contact heat exchanger (TFHX) has been identified with great potential for high efficiency heat transfer. Inspired by chemical trickle flow reactors and previous work in literature focusing on the gas-particle TFHX concept for temperatures up to 500 °C, the approach and its applicability for high temperature heat exchanger shall be developed further in future. In preparation for subsequent research activities, the present work focuses on the preliminary selection of suitable packing structures for the TFHX. Packing assessment criteria are defined and used to assess the particle behavior within a variety of 44 different packing geometries. The analysis was performed using the open source DEM software LIGGHTS-PUBLIC whereas at this early stage of investigation gas presence was neglected. In the analysis process the packing structures are assessed with the previously defined assessment criteria and reduced to one type of a favorable geometry type. In conclusion, the advantageous characteristics of the identified geometry type are discussed. The presented study gives a methodical selection for packing structures and first starting point for further investigating in the field of the gas-particle TFHX whereas in subsequent work the influence of gas flow to the particle dynamic must be investigated by experimental and simulation work.
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Zhang, J., B. Kang, Z. Mi, L. Jiang, J. Qu, Y. Cheng, and X. Cao. "Densest Arrangement of Friction Lcm Particles Packing with a Power-Law Grain Size Distribution Via Dem Method." In APOGCE 2024. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221139-ms.

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Abstract Lost circulation pose a primary challenge in the exploration and development process. For the problem of Lost circulation in fractured formations, the addition of plugging materials with different functions and in specific proportions into the drilling fluid to seal the fractures is the most commonly employed method for lost circulation control in engineering. This paper compares and selects the densest packing model, determining the optimal model for research on lost circulation control. Furthermore, simulations of the densest packing of plugging material particles within fractures were conducted using the CFD-DEM method. A simulation method for the formation and pressure-bearing process of the fracture plugging zone was established. The particle size distribution capable of forming the densest packing was determined. Based on the Fuller curve for designing grain size distribution, the wider the range of particle sizes, the greater the packing density, there exists an optimal gradation distribution index for the densest packing, which is between 0.5 and 0.7. This paper identifies the densest particle size distribution, providing a basis for the design of on-site plugging formulas and enhancing their scientific foundation.
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Gurrum, Siva P., Jie-Hua Zhao, and Darvin R. Edwards. "Design Optimization of Material Properties in a Particle-Filled Composite Material System." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66646.

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This work presents a methodology implementing random packing of spheres combined with commercial finite element method (FEM) software to optimize the material properties, such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of two-phase materials used in electronic packaging. The methodology includes an implementation of a numerical algorithm of random packing of spheres and a technique for creating conformal FEM mesh of a large aggregate of particles embedded in a medium. We explored the random packing of spheres with different diameters using particle generation algorithms coded in MATLAB. The FEM meshes were generated using MATLAB and TETGEN. After importing the nodes and elements databases into commercial FEM software ANSYS, the composite materials with spherical fillers and the polymer matrix were modeled using ANSYS. The effective Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and CTE along different axes were calculated using ANSYS by applying proper loading and boundary conditions. It was found that the composite material was virtually isotropic. The Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio calculated by FEM models were compared to a number of analytical solutions in the literature. For low volume fraction of filler content, the FEM results and analytical solutions agree well. However, for high volume fraction of filler content, there is some discrepancy between FEM and analytical models and also among the analytical models themselves.
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Yuksel, Anil, Michael Cullinan, and Jayathi Murthy. "Polarization Effect on Out of Plane Configured Nanoparticle Packing." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-3075.

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Surface plasmon polaritons are associated with the light-nanoparticle interaction and results in high enhancement in the gap between the particles. Indeed, this is affected by particle size, spacing, interlayer distance and light source properties. Polarization effect on three-dimensional (3D) and out of plane nanoparticle packings are presented herein to understand the out of plane configuration effect by using 532 nm plane wave light. This analysis gives insight on the particle interactions between the adjacent layers for multilayer nanoparticle packings. It has been seen that the electric field enhancement is up to 400 folds for TM (Transverse magnetic) or X-polarized light and 26 folds for TE (Transverse electric) or Y-polarized light. Thermo-optical properties change nonlinearly between 0 and 10 nm gap spacing due to the strong and non-local near-field interaction between the particles for the TM polarized light; however, this is linear for TE polarized light. This will give insight on the micro/nano heat transport for the interlayer particles for 100 nm diameter of Cu nanoparticle packings under 532 nm light under different polarization for 3-D interconnect (IC) manufacturing.
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Li, Zhifeng, Liangzhi Cao, Hongchun Wu, Chenghui Wan, and Tianliang Hu. "Effects of Applying the Implicit Particle Fuel Model for Pebble-Bed Reactors." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60382.

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In the pebble-bed high temperature gas-cooled reactor, there exist randomly located TRISO coated fuel particles in the pebbles and randomly located pebbles in the core, which is known as the double stochastic heterogeneity. In the previous research, the regular lattice pattern was used to approximately simulate the pebble unit cells because the difficulties in modeling the randomly located TRISO geometric. This work aimed at to quantify the stochastic effect of high-temperature gas cooled pebble-bed reactor unit cells, and in view of the strong ability to carry out the accurate simulation of random media, the implicit particle fuel model of Monte Carlo method is applied to analyze to the difference between regular distribution and random distribution. Infinite multiplication factors of the pebble-bed reactor unite cells were calculated by the implicit particle fuel model and simple cube regular lattice pattern at different TRISO packing factor from 0.5%–50%. The results showed that the simple cube regular lattice pattern underestimates the infinite multiplication factors for most packing fractions, but overrates the infinite multiplication factors when the packing fraction is very low.
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Reports on the topic "Particle packing"

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Baten, Bayezid, Matthew Gombeda, and Nishant Garg. Utilizing a Particle-packing Approach for an Illinois-specific, Nonproprietary, Low-shrinkage UHPC. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-021.

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Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) represents the next generation of concrete, with a strength 3-4 times greater than traditional concrete (100-120 MPa as opposed to 30-40 MPa). However, most of the commercial UHPC mixes are proprietary and expensive. In this project, we document the development of nonproprietary, cost-effective UHPC mixes primarily using locally sourced or pre-qualified materials in Illinois. The research utilizes the modified Anderson and Andreasen packing model to establish a new parameter: “packing factor” that has a significant influence on the design and performance of multi-binder UHPC mixes. Initially, 19 UHPC mixes without fibers are analyzed for their rheological, mechanical, and durability properties, demonstrating promising results. Specifically, we obtain self-flowing capabilities with minimal HRWR usage (&lt;1% by wt.%), a turnover time of 7–10 minutes, and a significant reduction in cement content (47% Type IL and the remaining 53% SCMs by volume) while maintaining superior compressive strengths (~120–150 MPa, 17.2–21.8 ksi @ 28 days). Then, optimal mixes, particularly M18 and M19, are evaluated with fibers, achieving compressive strengths exceeding 150 MPa (21.8 ksi) at 28 days and exhibiting open porosity under 2%, and have shrinkage rates below the target threshold (&lt;800µξ @ 91 days). Finally, effective particle packing resulted in UHPC mixes costs of ~$400/m3 (~$308/yd3) without steel fibers and ~$590/m3 (~$454/yd3) with steel fibers, enabling cost-effective, optimal UHPC for deployment by the Illinois Department of Transportation.
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Tibbetts, Caitlin, Dylan Scott, Jameson Shannon, and Jeb Tingle. Sliver Spall Mitigation Field Investigation, Laboratory Study, and Mixture Proportioning Analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48756.

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A combined field and laboratory study was conducted to identify factors contributing to sliver spall of concrete pavements and recommend avenues for prevention. In this study, spall density maps of eight airfields were created, and cores were taken for petrographic analysis. A companion laboratory study evaluated nondestructive testing equipment for identifying concrete prone to sliver spalling. Concrete mix designs with good and poor performance were analyzed for trends in mixture proportioning and aggregate gradation. Spall density mapping indicated sliver spalling was more likely to occur on longitudinal joints and that the distress was not solely a material or mixture design–related issue. The laboratory study concluded that surface resistivity measurements were able to differentiate edge- finishing techniques (normal versus overworked, mortar-rich edge) after seven days of curing. An analysis of particle packing theory and mixture proportioning trends showed there was substantial overlap in the gradations for good and poor performing pavement. Thus, acceptable mixture designs can produce poor quality pavement if not constructed properly. The main contributors to early age sliver spalling of concrete airfield pavement occur during pavement construction.
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