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Journal articles on the topic 'Particle interaction'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

CHAN, TSAN UNG. "WHAT IS A MATTER PARTICLE?" International Journal of Modern Physics E 15, no. 01 (February 2006): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301306003916.

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Positive baryon numbers (A>0) and positive lepton numbers (L>0) characterize matter particles while negative baryon numbers and negative lepton numbers characterize antimatter particles. Matter particles and antimatter particles belong to two distinct classes of particles. Matter neutral particles are particles characterized by both zero baryon number and zero lepton number. This third class of particles includes mesons formed by a quark and an antiquark pair (a pair of matter particle and antimatter particle) and bosons which are messengers of known interactions (photons for electromagnetism, W and Z bosons for the weak interaction, gluons for the strong interaction). The antiparticle of a matter particle belongs to the class of antimatter particles, the antiparticle of an antimatter particle belongs to the class of matter particles. The antiparticle of a matter neutral particle belongs to the same class of matter neutral particles. A truly neutral particle is a particle identical with its antiparticle; it belongs necessarily to the class of matter neutral particles. All known interactions of the Standard Model conserve baryon number and lepton number; matter cannot be created or destroyed via a reaction governed by these interactions. Conservation of baryon and lepton number parallels conservation of atoms in chemistry; the number of atoms of a particular species in the reactants must equal the number of those atoms in the products. These laws of conservation valid for interaction involving matter particles are indeed valid for any particles (matter particles characterized by positive numbers, antimatter particles characterized by negative numbers, and matter neutral particles characterized by zero). Interactions within the framework of the Standard Model which conserve both matter and charge at the microscopic level cannot explain the observed asymmetry of our Universe. The strong interaction was introduced to explain the stability of nuclei: there must exist a powerful force to compensate the electromagnetic force which tends to cause protons to fly apart. The weak interaction with laws of conservation different from electromagnetism and the strong interaction was postulated to explain beta decay. Our observed material and neutral universe would signify the existence of another interaction that did conserve charge but did not conserve matter.

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2

GONON, P., J. N. FOULC, and P. ATTEN. "A CONDUCTION MODEL DESCRIBING PARTICLE-PARTICLE INTERACTION IN THE CASE OF SURFACE CONDUCTING PARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2001): 704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201005180.

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We propose an analytical conduction model describing particle-particle interactions for the case of electrorheological fluids based on surface conducting particles. The system consisting of two contacting spheres immersed in a dielectric liquid is modeled by a distributed impedances network, from which we derive analytical expressions for the potential at the spheres surface, for the electric field in the liquid phase, and finally for the interaction force. The theoretical interaction force is compared with experimental results obtained on insulating spheres coated with a thin conducting polyaniline film. A good agreement is found between the theory and experiment.

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3

Chang, Ching-Ray, and Jyh-Pone Shyu. "Particle interaction and coercivity for acicular particles." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 120, no. 1-3 (March 1993): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(93)91320-7.

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4

Bakar, Noor Fitrah Abu, Ryohei Anzai, and Masayuki Horio. "Direct measurement of particle–particle interaction using micro particle interaction analyzer (MPIA)." Advanced Powder Technology 20, no. 5 (September 2009): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2009.03.007.

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5

Gregory, John. "The Role of Colloid Interactions in Solid-Liquid Separation." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 10 (May 1, 1993): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0195.

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Forces between particles in water become especially important when the particles are in the colloidal size range (less than a few mm). To a first approximation inter-particle forces or colloid interactions are linearly dependent on particle size and they become stronger, relative to external forces, as particle size decreases. The separation of fine particles from water by processes such as coagulation, filtration and flotation can be crucially dependent on the manipulation of colloid interactions, usually to promote attachment of particles to each other or to surfaces. The most important types of colloid interaction are briefly discussed. These include van der Waals forces, electrical interaction, hydration forces, hydrophobic interaction and effects associated with adsorbed polymers, such as steric repulsion and polymer bridging. These are all short-range interactions, which have little influence on the transport of particles but which can have a major effect on collision efficiencies and on the adhesion between particles. Some examples of solid-liquid separation processes in which colloid interactions are important are given.

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6

Skiff, F., C. S. Ng, A. Bhattacharjee, W. A. Noonan, and A. Case. "Wave-particle interaction." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 42, no. 12B (December 1, 2000): B27—B35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/42/12b/303.

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7

Bertram, H. "Particle interaction phenomena." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 22, no. 5 (September 1986): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1986.1064537.

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8

Ning, Yaoyu, Florence Tao, Guozhong Qin, Amy Imrich, Carroll-Ann Goldsmith, Zhiping Yang, and Lester Kobzik. "Particle–Epithelial Interaction." American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 30, no. 5 (May 2004): 744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2003-0123oc.

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9

ØIEN, ALF H. "Interaction energy and closest approach of moving charged particles on a plasma and neutral gas background." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 1 (July 11, 2011): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377811000286.

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AbstractElectric interaction between two negatively charged particles of different sizes on a mixed background of positive, negative, and neutral particles is complex and has relevance both to dusty plasmas and to transports in ionized fluids in general. We consider particularly effects during interaction that particle velocity and neutrals in the background may have on the well-known “dressing” and electric shielding that is due to the charged part of the background and how the interaction energy is modified because of this. Without such effects earlier works show the interaction becomes attractive when the distance between the two particles is a bit larger than the Debye length. We use a model where one of the two interacting particles has a radius much larger than the Debye length and the other a radius shorter than the Debye length. Then, the complex interaction may be more easily determined for particle separation up to a few Debye lengths. We consider the larger particle as stationary while the smaller may move. We find quite simple analytic expressions for the dressed particle interaction energy over the whole range of speed of the incoming smaller particle, assumed coming head on the larger particle, and the whole range of neutral particle densities. We also derive a distance of closest approach of small and large particles for all such parameter values. This distance is important for excluded volume estimations for moving small charged particles in media populated by large charged particles on a background as described above, and hence, important for determining the speed of flow of the smaller particles through such media.

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10

Schneider, Gerald J., W. Hengl, K. Brandt, S. V. Roth, R. Schuster, and D. Göritz. "Influence of the matrix on the fractal properties of precipitated silica in composites." Journal of Applied Crystallography 45, no. 3 (March 31, 2012): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889812008631.

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The influence of different interactions between polymer chains and the particle surface on the morphology of hierarchically structured silica were studied by means of small-angle X-ray scattering experiments and a thorough analysis. To realize different interaction strengths, the particles were dispersed in natural and nitrile rubber,i.e. matrices having different polarities. Changing the silica fraction renders the respective influences of particle–particle, cluster–cluster and polymer–particle interactions accessible. Thus, the interplay between external mechanical forces from the mixer, internal forces,e.g. caused by silica–silica collisions, and forces mediated by the polymers are addressed in detail. Mixing of particles and polymers affects all parameters related to the clusters, but not the primary particle structure. It is demonstrated that the external forces cause a change in cluster size as well as the internal forces arising from silica–silica collisions. There is no evidence that the different interaction strengths between polymer chains and particle surfaces influence the morphology. Hence, the mixing process dominates the final structure at the macroscopic scale but not the different interaction strength on the molecular scale.

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11

Carbone, M., A. D. Bragg, and M. Iovieno. "Multiscale fluid–particle thermal interaction in isotropic turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 881 (October 25, 2019): 679–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.773.

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We use direct numerical simulations to investigate the interaction between the temperature field of a fluid and the temperature of small particles suspended in the flow, employing both one- and two-way thermal coupling, in a statistically stationary, isotropic turbulent flow. Using statistical analysis, we investigate this variegated interaction at the different scales of the flow. We find that the variance of the carrier flow temperature gradients decreases as the thermal response time of the suspended particles is increased. The probability density function (PDF) of the carrier flow temperature gradients scales with its variance, while the PDF of the rate of change of the particle temperature, whose variance is associated with the thermal dissipation due to the particles, does not scale in such a self-similar way. The modification of the fluid temperature field due to the particles is examined by computing the particle concentration and particle heat fluxes conditioned on the magnitude of the local fluid temperature gradient. These statistics highlight that the particles cluster on the fluid temperature fronts, and the important role played by the alignments of the particle velocity and the local fluid temperature gradient. The temperature structure functions, which characterize the temperature fluctuations across the scales of the flow, clearly show that the fluctuations of the carrier flow temperature increments are monotonically suppressed in the two-way coupled regime as the particle thermal response time is increased. Thermal caustics dominate the particle temperature increments at small scales, that is, particles that come into contact are likely to have very large differences in their temperatures. This is caused by the non-local thermal dynamics of the particles: the scaling exponents of the inertial particle temperature structure functions in the dissipation range reveal very strong multifractal behaviour. Further insight is provided by the flux of temperature increments across the scales. Altogether, these results reveal a number of non-trivial effects, with a number of important practical consequences.

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12

Dörr, Aaron, and Steffen Hardt. "Driven particles at fluid interfaces acting as capillary dipoles." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 770 (March 30, 2015): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.129.

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The dynamics of spherical particles driven along an interface between two immiscible fluids is investigated asymptotically. Under the assumptions of a pinned three-phase contact line (TCL) and very different viscosities of the two fluids, a particle assumes a tilted orientation. As it moves, it causes a deformation of the fluid interface which is also computed. The case of two interacting driven particles is studied via the linear superposition approximation. It is shown that the capillary interaction force resulting from the particle motion is dipolar in terms of the azimuthal angle and decays with the fifth power of the inter-particle separation, similar to a capillary quadrupole originating from undulations of the TCL. The dipolar interaction is demonstrated to exceed the quadrupolar interaction at moderate particle velocities.

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13

Zhang, Qing, and Kai Zhang. "Iterative Dipole Moment Method for the Dielectrophoretic Particle-Particle Interaction in a DC Electric Field." Journal of Nanotechnology 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3539075.

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Electric force is the most popular technique for bioparticle transportation and manipulation in microfluidic systems. In this paper, the iterative dipole moment (IDM) method was used to calculate the dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces of particle-particle interactions in a two-dimensional DC electric field, and the Lagrangian method was used to solve the transportation of particles. It was found that the DEP properties and whether the connection line between initial positions of particles perpendicular or parallel to the electric field greatly affect the chain patterns. In addition, the dependence of the DEP particle interaction upon the particle diameters, initial particle positions, and the DEP properties have been studied in detail. The conclusions are advantageous in elelctrokinetic microfluidic systems where it may be desirable to control, manipulate, and assemble bioparticles.

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14

Lee, Duck-Gyu, Pietro Cicuta, and Dominic Vella. "Self-assembly of repulsive interfacial particles via collective sinking." Soft Matter 13, no. 1 (2017): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sm00901h.

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We consider how interactions between many floating, electrically charged particles modify the interaction energy: interfacial deformations due to many particles are larger than those of an isolated particle. This leads to a larger binding energy than would be expected based on the pair-wise interaction potential.

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15

YAO, Chengyu. "Hybrid-particle Interaction Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 51, no. 6 (2015): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2015.06.198.

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16

Bespalov, P. A., V. V. Zaitsev, and A. V. Stepanov. "Energetic Particles in a Flare Loop: Spectra and Radiation Signatures." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 142 (1990): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900088343.

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It has been shown that high energy particle spectra, particle dynamics, and radiation in a flare loop are determined by wave-particle interactions. The electron-whistler interaction occurs under conditions of strong pitch angle diffusion that makes the particle distribution function isotropic. The flare loop electrons retain information about the particle source spectrum. The interaction of energetic ions with Alfven waves is characterized by strong, moderate, and weak diffusion. The time delays in hard X-ray and gamma-ray emission during one-step acceleration processes might be understood in terms of a trap-plus-turbulent propagation model. The density of precipitating particles is less than or equal to the trapping one. Radiation signatures of flare loop electrons are discussed.

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17

Ferreiro, E. A., A. K. Helmy, and S. G. De Bussetti. "Interaction of Fe-oxyhydroxide colloidal particles with montmorillonite." Clay Minerals 30, no. 3 (September 1995): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1995.030.3.03.

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AbstractInteraction between positively charged Fe-oxyhydroxide (β-FeOOH) particles and negatively charged particles of montmorillonite was studied as a function of particle concentration, pH and time. The results showed that the clay particles appear to bridge between FeOOH particles leading to associations in which the ratio of positive to negative particles varied between 1.4 and 2.56 depending on pH and particle concentrations. The data could be represented by isotherms of interaction of the high affinity type and, together with the interaction kinetics, could be described by Langmuir type formulations.

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18

Kourki, Hajir, and Mohammad Hossein Navid Famili. "Particle sedimentation: effect of polymer concentration on particle–particle interaction." Powder Technology 221 (May 2012): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.12.050.

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19

Furubayashi, Takao, Hiroaki Mamiya, and Isao Nakatani. "Magnetism of Fine Particles. Superparamagnetism and Inter-Particle Interaction." Materia Japan 38, no. 8 (1999): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.38.638.

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20

GU, GUO-QING, and P. M. HUI. "INTERACTION BETWEEN PARTICLES AND PARTICLE CHAINS IN ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2001): 1033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201005568.

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The electric potential in a granular system consisting of spherical inclusions in the presence of an external applied electric field is studied in detail within the framework of the Rayleigh identity. The effects of induced charges on the inclusions are taken into account explicitly. The method, in principle, includes the effects of all multipoles. The method is applied to study the interaction between two inclusions. The standard form of interaction between inclusions widely used in studying ER fluids is recovered as an approximation of our general approach. We then apply the method to a chain of inclusions. Analytic expressions for the electrostatic energy per inclusion and the electric field are obtained for the case in which the chain is parallel to the applied field. Our result reduces to the form used in the literature when appropriate approximation is taken. The method is further extended to study the interaction between chains of inclusions. An approximate expression is obtained for the force between two chains of inclusions. Our approach provides a rigorous framework for determining the interaction between inclusions and chains of inclusions to arbitrary accuracy.

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21

GOTOH, Hitoshi, and Tetsuo SAKAI. "Interaction between Transported-Sediment Particle and Bed-Material Particles." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 41 (1997): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.41.819.

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22

Singh, R. N., and R. Prasad. "Wave–particle interaction and enhanced precipitation of charged particles." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-070.

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In addition to parallel electric fields, the distortions in the geomagnetic field have been considered in the study of resonant whistler wave interaction with gyrating charged particles. Mead axisymmetric distortions in the geomagnetic field have been considered and new expressions for the inhomogeneity parameter, αd, have been obtained. Considering the diffusion of charged particles in pitch angle, the variation in the precipitating electron flux under varying magnetospheric conditions has been computed. The variation in the distribution of trapped charged particles is shown to play an important role in controlling the electron flux precipitated into the lower ionosphere.

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23

LIU, M. B., J. Z. CHANG, H. T. LIU, and T. X. SU. "MODELING OF CONTACT ANGLES AND WETTING EFFECTS WITH PARTICLE METHODS." International Journal of Computational Methods 08, no. 04 (November 20, 2011): 637–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876211002733.

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The physics of fluid–fluid–solid contact line dynamics and wetting behaviors are closely related to the inter-particle and intra-molecular hydrodynamic interactions of the concerned multiple phase system. Investigation of surface tension, contact angle, and wetting behavior using molecular dynamics (MD) is practical only on extremely small time scales (nanoseconds) and length scales (nanometers) even if the most advanced high-performance computers are used. In this article we introduce two particle methods, which are smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), for multiphase fluid motion on continuum scale and meso-scale (between the molecular and continuum scales). In both methods, the interaction of fluid particles and solid particles can be used to study fluid–fluid–solid contact line dynamics with different wetting behaviors. The interaction strengths between fluid particles and between fluid and wall particles are closely related to the wetting behavior and the contact angles. The effectiveness of SPH and DPD in modeling contact line dynamics and wetting behavior has been demonstrated by a number of numerical examples that show the complexity of different multiphase flow behaviors.

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24

Aleksandrin, S. Yu, A. M. Galper, L. A. Grishantzeva, S. V. Koldashov, L. V. Maslennikov, A. M. Murashov, P. Picozza, V. Sgrigna, and S. A. Voronov. "High-energy charged particle bursts in the near-Earth space as earthquake precursors." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 2 (February 28, 2003): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-597-2003.

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Abstract. The experimental data on high-energy charged particle fluxes, obtained in various near-Earth space experiments (MIR orbital station, METEOR-3, GAMMA and SAMPEX satellites) were processed and analyzed with the goal to search for particle bursts. Particle bursts have been selected in every experiment considered. It was shown that the significant part of high-energy charged particle bursts correlates with seismic activity. Moreover, the particle bursts are observed several hours before strong earthquakes; L-shells of particle bursts and corresponding earthquakes are practically the same. Some features of a seismo-magnetosphere connection model, based on the interaction of electromagnetic emission of seismic origin and radiation belt particles, were considered. Key words. Ionospheric physics (energetic particles, trapped; energetic particles, precipitating; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions)

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25

Csanád, Máté, Sándor Lökös, and Márton Nagy. "Coulomb Final State Interaction in Heavy Ion Collisions for Lévy Sources." Universe 5, no. 6 (May 28, 2019): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5060133.

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Investigation of momentum space correlations of particles produced in high energy reactions requires taking final state interactions into account, a crucial point of any such analysis. Coulomb interaction between charged particles is the most important such effect. In small systems like those created in e + e - - or p + p collisions, the so-called Gamow factor (valid for a point-like particle source) gives an acceptable description of the Coulomb interaction. However, in larger systems such as central or mid-central heavy ion collisions, more involved approaches are needed. In this paper we investigate the Coulomb final state interaction for Lévy-type source functions that were recently shown to be of much interest for a refined description of the space-time picture of particle production in heavy-ion collisions.

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26

Morais, P. C., M. C. F. L. Lara, A. L. Tronconi, F. A. Tourinho, A. R. Pereira, and F. Pelegrini. "Magnetic particle–particle interaction in frozen magnetic fluids." Journal of Applied Physics 79, no. 10 (May 15, 1996): 7931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362407.

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27

Zhou, Teng, Zhenyu Liu, Yihui Wu, Yongbo Deng, Yongshun Liu, and Geng Liu. "Hydrodynamic particle focusing design using fluid-particle interaction." Biomicrofluidics 7, no. 5 (September 2013): 054104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4821170.

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28

Kajishima, Takeo, and Saotshi Takiguchi. "Interaction between particle clusters and particle-induced turbulence." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 23, no. 5 (October 2002): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-727x(02)00159-5.

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29

Chen, Ying-ping, and Pei Jiang. "Analysis of particle interaction in particle swarm optimization." Theoretical Computer Science 411, no. 21 (May 2010): 2101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2010.03.003.

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30

Obeidat, A. A., M. A. Gharaibeh, D. Al-Safadi, D. H. Al Samarh, M. K. H. Qaseer, and N. Y. Ayoub. "Anisotropic and Particle-Particle Interaction Effect in a One-Dimensional System of Magnetic Particles." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 22, no. 8 (July 1, 2009): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-009-0503-8.

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31

Fang, Jian Cheng, Wen Ji Xu, and Zhi Yu Zhao. "Plasma-Particle Interaction in Spray Forming." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.448.

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The quality of spray-formed parts is the most important research field in plasma spraying, which has been developed in rapid forming the materials of difficult processing such as ceramics, high melting point alloy and composite materials in recent years. It is insufficient to research the forming quality affected by the plasma-particle interaction based on the plasma characteristics. The temperature field distributions of plasma jet have been investigated under the different conditions by imaging and processing, and the experimental measurements of surface temperature for in-flight particle have been carried out by the principle of two-wavelength pyrometer. At the same time, the mathematical models of momentum and energy transfer have been established to analyze the motion laws and temperature distribution of in-flight particles during spraying. The results show that the temperature field distribution of plasma jet is obviously affected by the components of working gas, the forming quality is significantly influenced by the flight time and melting state till arriving at the spray mould, in which the mechanical behavior and the heating characteristic of plasma-particle interaction in spraying system should be properly matched with each other. The mathematical simulations of temperature are in a good agreement with experimental results.

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32

Liu, Sen, Shengnan Shen, Hui Li, and Shijing Wu. "MoP-5 SIMULATION OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PARTICLE AND SLIDER SURFACE." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2015 (2015): _MoP—5–1_—_MoP—5–3_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2015._mop-5-1_.

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33

Makhnovets, K. A. "Van der Waals interaction between surface and particle with giant polarizability." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 19, no. 2 (July 6, 2016): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo19.02.162.

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34

Ferraz, A., and Y. Ohmura. "An Effective Low-Energy Quasiparticle Model with Attractive Interaction." Modern Physics Letters B 12, no. 25n26 (November 10, 1998): 1051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984998001220.

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We consider the "high-energy" single-particle states of a strongly interacting electron liquid. These states should be taken into account whenever there are strong incoherent effects produced by interactions. Considering the presence of these particles which are confined in a thin shell in momentum space around [Formula: see text] as well as "low-energy" quasiparticles we derive an effective model by integrating out the "high-energy" fields. The resulting theory produces an effective interaction for the quasiparticles which may be large and negative. This produces an instability which drives the electron liquid towards superconductivity or another non-perturbative regime.

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35

KANU, REX C., and MONTGOMERY T. SHAW. "STUDIES OF ER FLUIDS FEATURING RODLIKE PARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 23n24 (October 30, 1996): 2925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001379.

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Chaining of micron-sized polarizable particles in ER fluids is generally accepted to be responsible for the liquid-to-solid transitions on the application of an external electric field. It has been hypothesized that the strength of the particle-particle interactions solely determines the rheological properties of ER fluids. In our work, the particle’s structure has been used to control interactions; for example, we have developed systems featuring rodlike particles. With such particles it should be possible to enhance the dielectric interaction of the particles as well as their mechanical interaction. The main goal of our effort has been to distinguish between these two mechanisms through measurements of the dielectric properties in conjunction with the rheological responses. Based on the experimental evidence thus far gathered, we can state that most, but not all, of the rheological effects are explainable in terms of the dielectric changes in the fluid.

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36

Untari, Budi, Dina Permata Wijaya, Mardiyanto Mardiyanto, Herlina Herlina, Via Angraeni, and Ario Firana. "Physical Interaction Of Chitosan-Alginate Entrapping Extract Of Papaya Leaf And Formation Of Submicron Particles Dosage Form." Science and Technology Indonesia 4, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2019.4.3.64-69.

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Research on physical interaction of chitosan-alginate entrapping extract of papaya leaf (Carica papaya L) into submicron particles formation has been performed. Preparation of papaya leaf extract into submicron particle dosage form of chitosan and sodium alginate polymer using ionic gelation method aimed to increase the solubility of extract. Submicron particles consisting of papaya leaf extract, chitosan, sodium alginate and CaCl2 were combined using variation of stirrer speed of 500, 750, and 1000 RPM. The optimum formula obtained has a speed of 1000 RPM with the percent EE value of 71.90%. The results of submicron particles characterization such as diameter and particle size distribution (PDI) using particle size analyzer (PSA) tools were 189.2 nm and 0.330. The results of XRD revealed the changes of type of crystalinity form to amorphous on submicron particles. The results of FTIR revealed the physical interaction without shifting of wave number of carbonyl, amine, and hydroxyl group which indicated that there were no chemical interactions occurred. These data indicated that papaya extract can be formulated into submicron particles of chitosan-alginate polymer.

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37

BUTTÀ, PAOLO, FRANCESCO MANZO, and CARLO MARCHIORO. "A SIMPLE HAMILTONIAN MODEL OF RUNAWAY PARTICLE WITH SINGULAR INTERACTION." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 15, no. 05 (May 2005): 753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202505000558.

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We consider a Hamiltonian system given by a charged particle under the action of a constant electric field and interacting with a medium, which is described as a Vlasov fluid. We assume that the action of the charged particle on the fluid is negligible and that the latter has one-dimensional symmetry. We prove that if the singularity of the particle/medium interaction is integrable and the electric field intensity is large enough, then the particle escapes to infinity with a quasi-uniformly accelerated motion. A key tool in the proof is a new estimate on the growth in time of the fluid particle velocity for one-dimensional Vlasov fluids with bounded interactions.

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Wang, J., J. J. Xu, Y. Yang, X. J. Wang, X. Luo, L. Zhang, and G. Jiang. "Simulations on the gelling process of particle suspension systems for in-situ preparing porous materials in a capillary." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 04 (February 10, 2015): 1550015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215500150.

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The gelling process of particle suspension in a capillary which is crucial for in-situ preparing small size foam products has been simulated with an off-lattice diffusion limited cluster aggregation (DLCA) model by the three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations. The effects of the model parameters, such as the interaction between capillary wall and particles, particle volume fraction, capillary size etc. on the density distribution of the system have been fully explored. And the aggregation kinetics process over a broad range of volume fractions and interactions have also been discussed. The results show that the geometric constraint of capillary can be analogous to a weak repulsive interaction between capillary wall and particles. And we found that as the capillary size or particle volume fraction increase, particle concentration distribution will be more uniform with other parameters constant. Porous network with relatively uniform density distribution can be also obtained through controlling the interaction between capillary wall and particles. In addition, by analyzing the aggregation kinetics process, we found that the attraction of capillary wall dramatically reduces the probability of gelation in the small-scale capillary. The obtained results will be of great importance in controlling the density distribution of porous materials prepared by in-situ methods.

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Rizzato, Silvia, Elisabetta Primiceri, Anna Grazia Monteduro, Adriano Colombelli, Angelo Leo, Maria Grazia Manera, Roberto Rella, and Giuseppe Maruccio. "Interaction-tailored organization of large-area colloidal assemblies." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (May 29, 2018): 1582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.150.

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Colloidal lithography is an innovative fabrication technique employing spherical, nanoscale crystals as a lithographic mask for the low cost realization of nanoscale patterning. The features of the resulting nanostructures are related to the particle size, deposition conditions and interactions involved. In this work, we studied the absorption of polystyrene spheres onto a substrate and discuss the effect of particle–substrate and particle–particle interactions on their organization. Depending on the nature and the strength of the interactions acting in the colloidal film formation, two different strategies were developed in order to control the number of particles on the surface and the interparticle distance, namely changing the salt concentration and absorption time in the particle solution. These approaches enabled the realization of large area (≈cm2) patterning of nanoscale holes (nanoholes) and nanoscale disks (nanodisks) of different sizes and materials.

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Katoh, Y., M. Kitahara, H. Kojima, Y. Omura, S. Kasahara, M. Hirahara, Y. Miyoshi, et al. "Significance of Wave-Particle Interaction Analyzer for direct measurements of nonlinear wave-particle interactions." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 3 (March 19, 2013): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-503-2013.

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Abstract. In the upcoming JAXA/ERG satellite mission, Wave Particle Interaction Analyzer (WPIA) will be installed as an onboard software function. We study the statistical significance of the WPIA for measurement of the energy transfer process between energetic electrons and whistler-mode chorus emissions in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. The WPIA measures a relative phase angle between the wave vector E and velocity vector v of each electron and computes their inner product W, where W is the time variation of the kinetic energy of energetic electrons interacting with plasma waves. We evaluate the feasibility by applying the WPIA analysis to the simulation results of whistler-mode chorus generation. We compute W using both a wave electric field vector observed at a fixed point in the simulation system and a velocity vector of each energetic electron passing through this point. By summing up Wi of an individual particle i to give Wint, we obtain significant values of Wint as expected from the evolution of chorus emissions in the simulation result. We can discuss the efficiency of the energy exchange through wave-particle interactions by selecting the range of the kinetic energy and pitch angle of the electrons used in the computation of Wint. The statistical significance of the obtained Wint is evaluated by calculating the standard deviation σW of Wint. In the results of the analysis, positive or negative Wint is obtained at the different regions of velocity phase space, while at the specific regions the obtained Wint values are significantly greater than σW, indicating efficient wave-particle interactions. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of using the WPIA, which will be on board the upcoming ERG satellite, for direct measurement of wave-particle interactions.

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Liu, Shenggui, Songlei Tang, Jinkuang Huang, Mindong Lv, and Yingjun Li. "Simulation of Particle-Fluid Interaction in Fractal Fractures Based on the Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method." Geofluids 2020 (December 16, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6695623.

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In order to reveal the influence of particles on fluid flow characteristics in rough fractures under fluid-solid coupling, a range of fracture systems with varying roughness were generated using the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function. Fluid-particle interactions in rough fractal fractures were simulated using the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. In this paper, the effects of fluid viscosity, particle size, particle quantity, fracture fractal dimension, and particle grading composition are studied. Results illustrate that increasing fluid viscosity hinders the movement of particles, resulting in the decreasing of particle velocity. As particle size and particle quantity increase, the particle occupation of the channel area grows larger, which lead to lower permeability of the channel. Increasing fracture fractal dimension surges the curvature of the fluid channel, but permeability has a negative exponential correlation to fractal dimension. With increasing particle grading composition, the blocking effect of particles on fracture flow also increases with increasing particle proportion.

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Kawata, Shigeo, Masami Matsumoto, and Yukio Masubuchi. "Numerical simulation for particle acceleration and trapping by an electromagnetic wave." Laser and Particle Beams 7, no. 2 (May 1989): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006030.

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The interaction between particles and an electromagnetic (EM) wave is investigated numerically in the system of particle Vp × B acceleration by the EM wave. Numerical simulations show that the particle acceleration mechanism works well in the case of the appropriate number density of the imposed particles. When the interaction between particles and the wave is too strong, a part of the trapped and accelerated particles is detrapped. A condition is also presented for the efficient particle acceleration and trapping by the EM wave.

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43

Halik, Azhar, Rahmatjan Imin, Mamtimin Geni, Afang Jin, and Yangyang Mou. "Numerical Modeling for Discrete Multibody Interaction and Multifeild Coupling Dynamics Using the SPH Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/205976.

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Discrete multibody interaction and contact problems and the multiphase interactions such as the sand particles airflow interactions by Aeolian sand transport in the desert are modeled by using the different kernel smoothing lengths in SPH method. Each particle defines a particular kernel smoothing length such as larger smoothing length which is used to calculate continuous homogenous body. Some special smoothing lengths are used to approximate interaction between the discrete particles or objects in contact problems and in different field coupling problem. By introducing the Single Particle Model (SPM) and the Multiparticle Model (MPM), the velocity exchanging phenomena are discussed by using different elastic modules. Some characteristics of the SPM and MPM are evaluated. The results show that the new SPH method can effectively solve different discrete multibody correct contact and multiphase mutual interference problems. Finally, the new SPH numerical computation and simulation process are verified.

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Alon, Ofir E. "Solvable Model of a Generic Driven Mixture of Trapped Bose–Einstein Condensates and Properties of a Many-Boson Floquet State at the Limit of an Infinite Number of Particles." Entropy 22, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22121342.

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A solvable model of a periodically driven trapped mixture of Bose–Einstein condensates, consisting of N1 interacting bosons of mass m1 driven by a force of amplitude fL,1 and N2 interacting bosons of mass m2 driven by a force of amplitude fL,2, is presented. The model generalizes the harmonic-interaction model for mixtures to the time-dependent domain. The resulting many-particle ground Floquet wavefunction and quasienergy, as well as the time-dependent densities and reduced density matrices, are prescribed explicitly and analyzed at the many-body and mean-field levels of theory for finite systems and at the limit of an infinite number of particles. We prove that the time-dependent densities per particle are given at the limit of an infinite number of particles by their respective mean-field quantities, and that the time-dependent reduced one-particle and two-particle density matrices per particle of the driven mixture are 100% condensed. Interestingly, the quasienergy per particle does not coincide with the mean-field value at this limit, unless the relative center-of-mass coordinate of the two Bose–Einstein condensates is not activated by the driving forces fL,1 and fL,2. As an application, we investigate the imprinting of angular momentum and its fluctuations when steering a Bose–Einstein condensate by an interacting bosonic impurity and the resulting modes of rotations. Whereas the expectation values per particle of the angular-momentum operator for the many-body and mean-field solutions coincide at the limit of an infinite number of particles, the respective fluctuations can differ substantially. The results are analyzed in terms of the transformation properties of the angular-momentum operator under translations and boosts, and as a function of the interactions between the particles. Implications are briefly discussed.

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Wanas, M. I. "Effect of Spin-Gravity Interaction on the Cosmological Parameters." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 201 (2005): 527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900216987.

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Cosmological information is usually carried by, and extracted from massless spinning particles, “carriers of cosmological information”. The photon (spin 1-particle) is a good candidate representing one type of these carriers. Recently, the neutrino (spin 1/2-particle) entered the playground as another type. We expect, in the near future, that a third type of carriers, the graviton (spin 2-particle), to be used for extracting cosmological information. Two factors affect the properties of these carriers. The first is the source of the carrier. The second factor is the trajectory of the carrier, in the cosmic space, from its source to the receiver. The first factor implies the information carried, which reflect the properties of the source. The second factor represents the impact of the cosmic space-time on the properties of the carrier. So, information carried by these particles contain, a part connected to their sources, and another part related to the space-time through which these particles traveled.

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Kuramitsu, Y., and T. Hada. "Nonadiabatic interaction between a charged particle and an MHD pulse." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 15, no. 2 (March 17, 2008): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-15-265-2008.

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Abstract. Interaction between a magnetohydrodynamic~(MHD) pulse and a charged particle is discussed both numerically and theoretically. Charged particles can be accelerated efficiently in the presence of spatially correlated MHD waves, such as short large amplitude magnetic structures, by successive mirror reflection (Fermi process). In order to understand this process, we study the reflection probability of particles by the MHD pulses, focusing on the adiabaticity on the particle motion. When the particle velocity is small (adiabatic regime), the probability that the particle is reflected by the MHD pulse is essentially determined only by the pitch angle, independent from the velocity. On the other hand, in the non-adiabatic regime, the reflection probability is inversely proportional to the square root of the normalized velocity. We discuss our numerical as well as analytical results of the interaction process with various pulse amplitude, pulse shape, and the pulse winding number. The reflection probability is universally represented as a power law function independent from above pulse properties.

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Smith, D. M., and S. Schentrup. "Mercury porosimetry of fine particles: Particle interaction and compression effects." Powder Technology 49, no. 3 (February 1987): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(87)80132-8.

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de Almeida, J. M. A. R., Y. Carvalho, P. N. Romano, and R. P. Peçanha. "Shape of re-entrant particles — characterization regarding particle–fluid interaction." Powder Technology 267 (November 2014): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2014.07.050.

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Di Felice, R., P. U. Foscolo, L. G. Gibilaro, and S. Rapagna. "The interaction of particles with a fluid—particle pseudo—fluid." Chemical Engineering Science 46, no. 7 (1991): 1873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(91)87035-b.

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Hendriksen, P. V., C. A. Oxborrow, S. Linderoth, S. Mørup, M. Hanson, C. Johansson, F. Bødker, K. Davies, S. W. Charles, and S. Wells. "Particle interaction effects in systems of ultrafine iron oxide particles." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 76, no. 1-4 (April 1993): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(93)95159-3.

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