Relevant bibliographies by topics / Particle formation and transformation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Particle formation and transformation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Particle formation and transformation"

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Hansson, Hans-Christen. "Particle formation and transformation in continental air masses." Journal of Aerosol Science 26 (September 1995): S549—S550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(95)97182-e.

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Moon, Jooho, Melanie L. Carasso, Henrik G. Krarup, Jeffrey A. Kerchner, and James H. Adair. "Particle-shape control and formation mechanisms of hydrothermally derived lead titanate." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 3 (March 1999): 866–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0116.

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Phase-pure perovskite lead titanate with various morphologies has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method at 150 °C. Particle shapes include cubic, tabular, and aggregated platelike shapes. The feedstock concentration greatly influences particle morphology of the hydrothermally derived PbTiO3. At a concentration of 0.05 M, the tabular particles form while cubic particles are produced at 0.1 M. Aggregated plateletlike particles are synthesized at 0.125 M. It was observed that both tabular and cubic particles directly precipitate from the coprecipitated precursor gel. In contrast, the plateletlike shaped intermediate phase appears during the initial stage of reaction at 0.125 M and in situ transforms into perovskite PbTiO3 during further hydrothermal treatment. The intermediate phase preserves its particle shape during transformation and, acting as a template, gives rise to the final tabular PbTiO3 particles. It is demonstrated that only base reagents such KOH and NaOH, which provide a highly basic condition (i.e., pH > 14), promote transformation of the coprecipitated gel into the perovskite PbTiO3. A Hancock and Sharp kinetic analysis in conjunction with microstructural evidence suggests that the formation mechanism is dissolution and recrystallization in which the degree of supersaturation plays an important role in dictating the crystallographic particle phase and morphology of the particles. An experimentally constructed solubility diagram indicates that an excess lead condition is necessary to compensate for loss of lead species and to increase supersaturation to expedite precipitation of PbTiO3 at highly alkaline conditions.
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Namiki, Norikazu, Yoshio Otani, Hitoshi Emi, and Shuji Fujii. "Particle Formation of Materials Outgassed from Silicone Sealants by Corona-Discharge Ionizers." Journal of the IEST 39, no. 1 (January 31, 1996): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.39.1.3l026553j1366046.

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Particle formation of LMCS (low-molecular-weight poly-cyclo-dimethyl-siloxane) outgassed from silicone sealants by a corona-discharge ionizer was studied by measuring the number concentration and size distribution of formed particles as well as by qualitative analyses of formed particles with FT-IR (Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy). Further, the influence of humidity and oxygen on the particle formation was investigated to find the reaction mechanisms. As a result, it was found that the LMCS is polymerized to form particles with two different reaction paths and that the LMCS is one of the major species that contribute to the formation of silicon-containing particles in cleanroom environments.
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BHATTACHARYA, P., and K. CHATTOPADHYAY. "PHASE FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF EMBEDDED ALLOY NANOPARTICLES: CASE OF LEAD INDIUM ALLOY PARTICLES IN ALUMINUM." International Journal of Nanoscience 04, no. 05n06 (October 2005): 909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003875.

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The effect of size on the alloying and transformation behavior of multicomponent metallic systems has received very little attention. The present study reports a preliminary result in this direction involving Pb–In nanosized alloy particles embedded in an aluminum matrix. With the help of various techniques including in situ electron microscopy, we show that at small sizes, the Pb–In alloys particles are single-phase solid solution having fcc structure at the composition range covering both Pb and In rich regions. The results of in situ microscopy also indicate that the melting point and roughening behavior of these particles differ from particle to particle. The results are compared with that available for pure Pb particles.
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Cholakova, Diana, Zhulieta Valkova, Slavka Tcholakova, Nikolai Denkov, and Bernard P. Binks. "Spontaneous particle desorption and “Gorgon” drop formation from particle-armored oil drops upon cooling." Soft Matter 16, no. 10 (2020): 2480–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm02354b.

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We study how the phenomenon of drop “self-shaping“, in which oily drops undergo a spontaneous series of shape transformation on colling, is affected by the presence of adsorbed solid particles, like those in Pickering emulsions.
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Wu, Z. J., J. Zheng, D. J. Shang, Z. F. Du, Y. S. Wu, L. M. Zeng, A. Wiedensohler, and M. Hu. "Particle hygroscopicity and its link to chemical composition in the urban atmosphere of Beijing, China, during summertime." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 1123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1123-2016.

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Abstract. Simultaneous measurements of particle number size distribution, particle hygroscopic properties, and size-resolved chemical composition were made during the summer of 2014 in Beijing, China. During the measurement period, the mean hygroscopicity parameters (κs) of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 nm particles were respectively 0.16 ± 0.07, 0.19 ± 0.06, 0.22 ± 0.06, 0.26 ± 0.07, and 0.28 ± 0.10, showing an increasing trend with increasing particle size. Such size dependency of particle hygroscopicity was similar to that of the inorganic mass fraction in PM1. The hydrophilic mode (hygroscopic growth factor, HGF > 1.2) was more prominent in growth factor probability density distributions and its dominance of hydrophilic mode became more pronounced with increasing particle size. When PM2.5 mass concentration was greater than 50 μg m−3, the fractions of the hydrophilic mode for 150, 250, and 350 nm particles increased towards 1 as PM2.5 mass concentration increased. This indicates that aged particles dominated during severe pollution periods in the atmosphere of Beijing. Particle hygroscopic growth can be well predicted using high-time-resolution size-resolved chemical composition derived from aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements using the Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson (ZSR) mixing rule. The organic hygroscopicity parameter (κorg) showed a positive correlation with the oxygen to carbon ratio. During the new particle formation event associated with strongly active photochemistry, the hygroscopic growth factor or κ of newly formed particles is greater than for particles with the same sizes not during new particle formation (NPF) periods. A quick transformation from external mixture to internal mixture for pre-existing particles (for example, 250 nm particles) was observed. Such transformations may modify the state of the mixture of pre-existing particles and thus modify properties such as the light absorption coefficient and cloud condensation nuclei activation.
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Peled, Aaron. "Transformation steps of microstructures in photodeposited films of a-Se." Journal of Materials Research 4, no. 1 (February 1989): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1989.0177.

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Amorphous selenium (a-Se) colloid particles have been directly photodeposited onto insulating substrates. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) supported by kinetic adsorption measurements reveals the origin of the photodeposition process. The studies show that film formation occurs through a sequence of particle precipitation, growth, and photoadsorption. A plastic flow and coalescence process creates a continuous monolayer before a fast deposition rate of Se on the deposited materials commences. Surface forces seem to have an important role in the creation of the morphological structures of the adsorbed particles.
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Wu, Z. J., J. Zheng, D. J. Shang, Z. F. Du, Y. S. Wu, L. M. Zeng, A. Wiedensohler, and M. Hu. "Particle hygroscopicity and its link to chemical composition in the urban atmosphere of Beijing, China during summertime." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 8 (April 20, 2015): 11495–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-11495-2015.

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Abstract. Simultaneous measurements of particle number size distribution, particle hygroscopic properties, and size-resolved chemical composition were made during the summer of 2014 in Beijing, China. During the measurement period, the median hygroscopicity parameters (κ) of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 nm particles are respectively 0.15, 0.19, 0.22, 0.27, and 0.29, showing an increasing trend with increasing particle size. When PM2.5 mass concentration is greater than 50 μg m−3, the fractions of the hydrophilic mode for 150, 250, 350 nm particles increased towards 1 as PM2.5 mass concentration increased. This indicates that aged particles dominated during severe pollution periods in the atmosphere of Beijing. Particle hygroscopic growth can be well predicted using high time-resolution size-resolved chemical composition derived from AMS measurement on a basis of ZSR mixing rule. An empirical relationship between κ of organic fraction (κorg) and oxygen to carbon ratio (O : C) (κorg= 0.08·O : C+0.02) is obtained. During new particle formation event associating with strongly active photochemistry, the hygroscopic growth factor or κ of newly formed particles is greater than for particle with the same sizes during non-NPF periods. A quick transformation from external mixture to internal mixture for pre-existing particles (for example 250 nm particle) was observed. Such transformations can modify the state of mixture of pre-exiting particles and thus modify properties such as the light absorption coefficient and cloud condensation nuclei activation.
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Berezhnoi, Yu M., D. I. Monastyrsky, and O. N. Romanova. "Influence of Polyelectrolytes on the Processes of Structure Formation of Copper Powders." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 1069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.1069.

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The results of the studies on the synthesis of ultrafine copper powders are described in the article. The mechanisms of formation of ultrafine powders, using water-soluble polyacrylamide and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone polymers, as particle growth inhibitors, are presented. The processes occurring in the presence of water-soluble polymers and their influence on the structure of the obtained ultrafine copper powders are described. The interaction of the matrix of polymer composite materials with filler particles is analyzed. The kinetics of crystallization and transformation of crystalline phases of the powder, due to the process in the presence of water-soluble polymers, as stabilizers of particle growth, are investigated.
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Zhao, Jun-Ren, Fei-Yi Hung, and Truan-Sheng Lui. "Particle Erosion Induced Phase Transformation of Different Matrix Microstructures of Powder Bed Fusion Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Flakes." Metals 9, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9070730.

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In this study, powder bed fusion Ti-6Al-4V alloy flake was subjected to heat treatment at 800 °C for 4 h for inducing the complete transformation of the α’ phase into the α+β phases. An erosion experiment with 450 µm mean particle diameter of Al2O3 particles at a 90° impact on both the as- powder bed fusion (PBF) Ti-6Al-4V and the 4-h 800 °C heat-treated specimens to clarify the particle erosion-induced phase transformation behavior and its effect on mechanical properties. Particle erosion-induced phase transformation to the α phase was observed on both the as-PBF Ti-6Al-4V and the heat-treated specimens. It brought about a sequential formation from the surface to the bottom: (1) a surface softened zone, (2) a hardened zone, and (3) a hardness stabilization zone. The as-PBF Ti-6Al-4V was positively eroded by erosion particles, decreasing strength and ductility. In the case of the heat-treated specimens, we found decreased strength yet an increased ductility.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Particle formation and transformation"

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Kalokhtina, Olena. "Etude par Sonde Atomique Tomographique de la formation de nano-particules dans les aciers ODS et NDS." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00751814.

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Les aciers ferritiques-martensitiques (FeCr) renforcés par une dispersion fine et dense d'oxydes (acier ODS - Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) possèdent une bonne résistance à l'irradiation et des propriétés mécaniques élevées à haute température. Les aciers ODS sont ainsi de bons candidats comme matériaux des structures de cœur des réacteurs de Génération IV. Il est envisageable de renforcer ces aciers par des nitrures nanométriques plutôt que par des oxydes (aciers NDS - Nitride Dispersion Strengthened). Dans cette thèse, des aciers ODS et NDS élaborés au CEA Saclay par 2 procédés distincts (mécanosynthèse et nitruration) sont étudiés par sonde atomique tomographique et d'autres techniques complémentaires, à différentes étapes du procédé d'élaboration (brut de broyage/nitruration, après recuit, après consolidation). Dans les aciers ODS, il apparait que deux mécanismes se produisent pendant la mécanosynthèse : la dissolution de la poudre d'oxyde d'yttrium initiale et la formation d'amas riches en Y et O. Il n'a pas été possible de déterminer si ces amas résultent d'un phénomène de précipitation ou d'une dissolution incomplète de l'oxyde initial. Pendant les recuits et la consolidation, ces amas servent de germes à la formation de particules riches en Y, Ti et O. En ce qui concerne les aciers NDS, que la mécanosynthèse est un procédé efficace pour obtenir une fine et dense dispersion de nitrures. Ces nitrures germent pendant l'étape de broyage mécanique. La taille et la densité numérique de ces nano-renforts dans le matériau consolidé sont similaires à ce qui est généralement observé dans les aciers ODS. Concernant le procédé de nitruration, différents nitrures sont observés (CrN, TiN). Il apparait que la microstructure obtenue est très hétérogène et que le procédé doit être optimisé.
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Sathyamoorthy, Sekhar. "Particle formation during anatase precipitation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621988.

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Hirasawa, Tetsu. "Organizational identity formation and transformation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607893.

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Ensign, Laura Marie. "Protein particle formation for pulmonary delivery." Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/28925.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 34 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-34). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Iglesias, Victor Alejandro. "Genetic transformation studies in wheat using particle bombardment /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10628.

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Leswin, Joost Sieger Kaspar. "Particle Formation in RAFT-mediated Emulsion Polymerization." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2176.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)
Particle formation in RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization has been studied using reaction calorimetry. By measuring the heat flow during controlled feed ab-initio emulsion polymerization in the presence of amphipathic RAFT agents, particle formation by self-assembly of these species could be observed. Two different monomer systems, i.e. styrene and n-butyl acrylate, and various degrees of hydrophobicity of the initial macro-RAFT agents have been studied and compared. The different macro-RAFT agents were synthesized by first forming a hydrophilic block of poly(acrylic acid) that would later on act as the electrosteric stabilizing group for the particles. Subsequently, different lengths of hydrophobic blocks were grown at the reactive end of the poly(acrylic acid) hydrophilic block via the RAFT-mediated controlled radical polymerization, either comprised of n-butyl acrylate or styrene. Two processes govern particle formation: adsorption of macro-RAFT agents onto growing particles and formation of new particles by initiation of micellar aggregates or by homogeneous nucleation. Competition between these processes could be observed when monomers with a relatively high (n-butyl acrylate) or low (styrene) propagation rate coefficient were used. A model describing particle formation has been developed and the results of model calculations are compared with experimental observations. Preliminary modeling results based on a set of reasonable physico-chemical parameters already showed good agreement with the experimental results. Most parameters used have been verified experimentally. The development of the molecular weight distribution of the macro-RAFT agents has been analyzed by different techniques. Quantification of the particle formation process by analytical techniques was difficult, but qualitative insights into the fundamental steps governing the nucleation process have been obtained. The amount of macro-RAFT agents initially involved in particle formation could be determined from the increase of molecular weight. The particle size distribution has been measured by capillary hydrodynamic fractionation, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. From the data obtained from these particle-sizing techniques, the number of particles during the reaction could be monitored, leading to an accurate estimate for the particle formation time. Upon implementation of the experimental data obtained for the surface active macro-RAFT systems, the model demonstrated to be very sensitive towards the “headgroup” area of the macro-RAFT species. Three nucleation cases based on the initial surface activity of the macro-RAFT species in the aqueous phase are proposed to explain the deviations from the assumptions of the nucleation model. Even though the macro-RAFT species have a narrow molecular weight distribution, they are nevertheless made up of a distribution of block lengths of polystyrene upon a distribution of block lengths of poly(acrylic acid). The resulting differences in initial surface activity are the most probable reason for the observed differences between model calculations and experimental results for the nucleation time and particle size distribution of the final latex product. With the procedure described above, latexes have been synthesized without using conventional surfactants and the mechanisms involved in the particle formation for these systems have been elucidated. The results of this work enable production of latex systems with well defined molecular mass distributions and narrow particle size distributions. Furthermore, the technique based on the application of amphipathic RAFT agents is promising for the production of complex polymeric materials in emulsion polymerization on a technical scale.
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Watson, Paul David Julian. "Geotextile filter design and particle bridge formation." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307520.

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Parsons, Stephen H. "Comparing orchid transformation using agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941350.

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The Wheeler Orchid Collection is home to some of the most endangered species of orchids in the world. This fantastic reservoir of endangered species has been enhanced and broadened by its function as a plant rescue station for the U.S. customs service. Unfortunately, this responsibility increases the risk of bringing orchids, which harbor contageous diseases, into the greenhouse where sap transmitted diseases such as the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), can run rampant. Although manipulation of orchid characteristics is typically done by classical plant breeding techniques, genetic engineering is emerging as a useful technique for the introduction of desirable traits into the orchid genome. Through the use of genetic engineering techniques it may be possible to mitigate the symptoms associated with this destructive virus. Virus resistance may be achieved through the expression of either the sense or antisense viral coat protein gene in orchid tissues if an efficient means of orchid transformation is developed. In this research two transformation protocols were examined for their ability to efficiently transform orchid tissue. The first transformation protocol explored utilized the native ability of Aq bacterium tumefaciens to incorporate DNA into host plants to achieve transformation. The second mechanism explored was particle bombardment transformation.Many strains of A. tumefaciens were employed using direct exposure of Cattleya_ orchid protocorm and callus tissue. Particle bombardment using DNA coated 0.5 um diameter tungsten particles and high pressure helium tank acceleration was employed. The particle bombardment procedure employed the pG35barB plasmid which confers herbicide resistance to the herbicide basta when integrated and expressed in plant tissues.GUS fluorescence assays and PCR analysis indicate that T-DNA is present in orchid tissues, while Southern blot analysis was unable to display that integration had occurred. Particle bombardment yielded herbicide resistant orchid tissues which have yet to be analyzed by Southern blot analysis to confirm integration due to limited tissue quantities.
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Huff, Jason. "Particle formation of smelt in a fluidized bed." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7037.

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Pettibone, Alicia Stanier Charles O. "Toward a better understanding of new particle formation." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/420.

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Books on the topic "Particle formation and transformation"

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Lucan, Jacques. Paris des faubourgs: Formation, transformation. Paris: Editions du Pavillon de l'Arsenal, 1996.

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Lucan, Jacques. Paris des faubourgs: Formation, transformation. Paris: Editions du Pavillon de l'Arsenal, 1996.

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Schorske, Carl E. Gustav Mahler: Formation and transformation. New York (129 E. 73rd St., New York 10021): Leo Baeck Institute, 1991.

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Formation, evolution, and transformation of Rockwell. Newport Beach, CA: Dartbrook Partners, 2008.

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Mikkanen, Pirita. Fly ash particle formation in kraft recovery boilers. Espoo [Finland]: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2000.

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Lyyränen, Jussi. Particle formation, deposition, and particle induced corrosion in large-scale medium-speed diesel engines. [Espoo, Finland]: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2006.

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Discernment of religious vocation: Formation towards transformation. Bangalore: Dhyanavana Publications, 2006.

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Kang, Joshua Choonmin. Deep-rooted in Christ: The way of transformation. Downers Grove, Ill: IVP Books, 2007.

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Regenerate: Total spiritual transformation. West Covina, CA: Jim Reeve Ministries, Inc., 2012.

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Annamalai, V. Formation and transformation of power in rural India. New Delhi: Discovery Pub. House, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Particle formation and transformation"

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Finer, J. J., K. R. Finer, and T. Ponappa. "Particle Bombardment Mediated Transformation." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 59–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60234-4_3.

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Keddie, Joseph L., and Alexander F. Routh. "Particle Deformation." In Fundamentals of Latex Film Formation, 121–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2845-7_4.

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Greenspan, Donald. "Liquid Drop Formation, Fall, and Collision." In Particle Modeling, 95–103. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1992-7_9.

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Greenspan, Donald. "Liquid Drop Formation on a Solid Surface." In Particle Modeling, 171–82. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1992-7_14.

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Seki, Motoaki, Naoki Shigemoto, Mamoru Sugita, Masahiro Sugiura, Hans-Ulrich Koop, Kohei Irifune, and Hiromichi Morikawa. "Chloroplast Transformation by Particle Bombardment." In Research in Photosynthesis, 413–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0383-8_92.

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Casas, A. M., A. K. Kononowicz, R. A. Bressan, and P. M. Hasegawa. "Cereal Transformation Through Particle Bombardment." In Plant Breeding Reviews, 235–64. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470650059.ch7.

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Yapp, Edward K. Y., and Markus Kraft. "Modelling Soot Formation: Model of Particle Formation." In Cleaner Combustion, 389–407. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5307-8_15.

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Yaron, Bruno, Raoul Calvet, and René Prost. "Transformation and Metabolite Formation." In Soil Pollution, 183–221. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61147-6_7.

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Owens, T. G. "Energy Transformation and Fluorescence in Photosynthesis." In Particle Analysis in Oceanography, 101–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75121-9_6.

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Winterer, Markus. "Modeling Particle Formation and Growth." In Nanocrystalline Ceramics, 35–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04976-1_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Particle formation and transformation"

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Sui, Zezhi, Zhiqiang Pu, and Jianqiang Yi. "Optimal UAVs formation transformation strategy based on task assignment and Particle Swarm Optimization." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2017.8016091.

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Li, Yue, and Daqi Zhu. "Formation Tracking and Transformation of AUVs Based on the Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm." In 2020 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc49329.2020.9164521.

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Ueki, Hironobu, Masahiro Ishida, Daisaku Sakaguchi, and Manabu Tokumoto. "Measurement of Three Dimensional Position of Particles by Single CCD Image Including Lens Aberration." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45203.

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A new technique using a single CCD image through a lens system with large aberration is proposed in the present study for measurement of the three dimensional position of particles, in which a thick laser light source and a forward-scattering light from particles are processed. This optical system could be very compact and applicable to various flow measurements. The particle image detected by a CCD sensor is distorted in the present system due to lens aberrations. A transformation function of the optical system, which is the relationship between the reference particle with unit luminosity in the measuring volume and the corresponding distorted particle image detected by a CCD sensor through symmetric-convex lenses, is constructed theoretically based on the image formation optics of small particles. In order to obtain a high accuracy in the measurement, it is important to remove the background noise and the light intensity non-uniformity in the measuring volume from the CCD particle image by using a low-pass filtering technique based on the FFT analysis. By calculating the cross-correlation coefficient between the measured particle image and the data base images prepared by the above transformation function, the three dimensional position of the particle is determined as the position at which the largest cross-correlation coefficient is obtained. It is verified experimentally that this compact measuring system is useful for measurement of the three dimensional position of the particle with a good accuracy.
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Хурамшин, Иштимер Шагалиевич. "PARTICLES OF OUR WORLD." In Сборник избранных статей по материалам научных конференций ГНИИ «Нацразвитие» (Санкт-Петербург, Апрель 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/apr315.2021.74.22.004.

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На основе концепции циклической космологии обсуждается возможность формирования и строения первичных частиц, глюонов и темной энергии. Переход энергии в частицы основаны в превращениях лучистой энергии в фотонные частицы под действием гравитации, которые образуют адроны и лептоны, а также определены их свойства. Based on the concept of cyclic cosmology, the possibility of the formation and structure of primary particles, gluons, and dark energy is discussed. The transformation of energy into particles is based on the transformation of radiant energy into photonic particles under the influence of gravity, which form hadrons and leptons, and their properties are determined.
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Shamsuzzaman, M., Tatsuro Horie, Fusata Fuke, Takayuki Kai, Bin Zhang, Tatsuya Matsumoto, Koji Morita, Hirotaka Tagami, Tohru Suzuki, and Yoshiharu Tobita. "Experimental Evaluation of Debris Bed Characteristics in Particulate Debris Sedimentation Behaviour." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15693.

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After a core-disruptive accident (CDA) in sodium-cooled fast reactor, degraded core material can form debris beds on core-support structure or in the lower inlet plenum of the reactor vessel. This paper reports an experimental evaluation on debris bed formation characteristic in CDA. Investigation of debris bed characteristic during debris sedimentation on core catcher plate is important from recriticality concern and also from cooling considerations to ensure the safety of the reactor main vessel in CDA. In the present study, to evaluate this characteristic, a series of experiments was performed by gravity driven discharge of solid particles as simulant debris from a nozzle into a quiescent water pool in isothermal condition at room temperature. The discharged solid particles with a maximum amount of 10 L finally accumulate on the debris tray, forming a bed with a convex or concave mound depending on the experimental parameters. The nozzle diameter, nozzle height, debris density, debris diameter and debris volume are taken as the experimental parameters. Currently, three types of spherical particles, namely Al2O3, ZrO2 and stainless steel (SS) with diameter of 2, 4, or 6 mm are employed to study the effect of key experimental parameter on debris bed mound shape. In addition, 2 mm non-spherical particles of SS were also utilized to investigate the effect of debris shape on altering mound profile. In experimental investigation with different debris volume, both developing and fully developed mound shapes were observed based on the effect of debris size, density and nozzle diameter. In this study, the investigated particle velocity of main stream settling particles was found increasing with nozzle diameter, which caused a decrement of mound height with an increment of mound dimple area. In nozzle height effect, shrinking of concavity on mound shape was observed with decreasing manner of impact velocity while height is reducing. From the visualization results of the experimental investigations, transformation of bed shape from convex to concave was observed with increasing repose angle incase of 4 mm Al2O3 particle. In general, transformation of bed shape was observed by increasing either nozzle diameter or particle density for all particle type. The present results could be useful to validate numerical models and simulation codes of particulate debris sedimentation.
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Laigo, Johanne, Franck Tancret, Rene´ Le Gall, Fre´de´ric Christien, and Jader Furtado. "The Influence of Phase Transformations on Creep Resistance in Fe-Ni-Cr Alloys for Reformer Tube Applications." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/creep2007-26720.

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Heat resistant steels of the HP-series have widespread uses in the petrochemical industry in pyrolysis and reformer furnaces. The alloys are carbon-rich Fe-Ni-Cr alloys, with additions like Mn, Si, Nb, Ti, W... The typical microstructure of as-cast HP alloys is an austenite matrix with intergranular eutectic-like primary chromium carbides of the M7C3 type and niobium carbides of the MC type. Upon ageing, phase transformations occur. Intragranular secondary M23C6 carbides precipitate, which is thought to restrict dislocation motion, and intergranular M7C3 transforms into M23C6. Under certain thermal conditions, a partial transformation of the primary niobium carbides into a nickel-niobium silicide called G phase can occur. These phases may play a critical role during creep, but neither their role on mechanical properties nor the mechanisms of phase transformations are clearly identified. The aim of this study is to understand the role of each phase or phase transformation in the creep resistance of HP alloys. Consequently, a critical review of phase formation and transformations in such alloys is presented using a set of experimental and modelling techniques (electron microscopy, Castaing microprobe, creep tests at high temperature and neural networks modelling of mechanical properties...).
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Lan, Zhong, Quan Xue, Xuehu Ma, Di Wang, Kejian Cao, and Zongchang Zhao. "Theoretical Study on Aggregation of Nuclei-Containing Gas Phase." In ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-5056.

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Haze is a kind of typical heterogeneous nucleation phenomenon in gas phase condensation process. The existence of dust nucleus may induce water molecule aggregation among vapor phase under a certain humidity. In this article, we try to use Density Functional Theory simulation to explore the evolution mechanism of water molecule aggregation influenced by condensation nucleus from the perspective of molecules assembling. We can get the following results: the subcooling degree and physicochemical properties of nucleation center affect the hydrogen bond within the water clusters and the transformation energy barrier of water molecule aggregation tendency. Water vapor begins to heterogeneously condense or forms aggregation humidity in a certain condition based on the center of condensation nuclei. The analysis shows that the effect law of the degree and scale of aggregation or phase transition are influenced by the change of gas phase partial pressure, supersaturated degree along with particle properties. As the energy barrier of nucleation free energy decreases, the formation of water clusters will be easier.
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Schemmann, Lars, Charles Stallybrass, Jens Schröder, Andreas Liessem, and Stefan Zaefferer. "Crack Formation in Charpy Tests of the Heat-Affected Zone of Large-Diameter Linepipe Material." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78498.

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Double submerged arc welding is an efficient process used during the production of longitudinally-welded large-diameter pipes. It is well known that the associated high heat input has a negative influence on the toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The toughness drop is related to changes in the HAZ microstructure compared to the base metal. The austenite grain size increases significantly and larger carbon-rich martensite/austenite particles (M/A-particles) are formed within a coarse bainitic matrix during the phase transformation compared to the as-rolled base material. The exact relationship between the microstructure, the processing conditions, base metal composition and the weld metal are at the focus of attention of materials development efforts at EUROPIPE and Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung GmbH (SZMF). In the present study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to investigate the HAZ of X70 large-diameter pipe material as well as tested Charpy specimens from the same material. Secondary cracks in the direct vicinity of the primary fracture surface of tested Charpy specimens from the HAZ were analyzed by EBSD and SEM to investigate the damage mechanism in detail. It was found that these cracks originate at M/A-particles and that the dominant crack path depends on the crystallographic orientation of the surrounding matrix. The analysis of several EBSD measurements and a 3D-analysis of the propagation direction of the crack showed that secondary cracks frequently propagate parallel to {100} and rarely along {110}-planes. It is known from literature that these are preferred cleavage planes in ferritic steels. The SEM analysis performed in the HAZ of the investigated steel showed that the volume fraction of elongated M/A-particles is elevated close to the fusion line and decreases within the first few hundred micrometers distance from the fusion line. The EBSD measurements illustrate that the geometrically necessary dislocation density is significantly increased in the neighborhood of M/A-particles. This indicates that the bainitic matrix is work-hardened around the M/A-particles during testing and is therefore more prone to the formation of microcracks than other surrounding regions.
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Suzuki, M., S. Sodeoka, T. Inoue, K. Shimosaka, and S. Oki. "Structure and Properties of Plasma-Sprayed Zircon Coating." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0333.

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Abstract Effects of spray parameters, such as spray distance, SD, and substrate temperature, Ts, and post heat treatment on the structure and properties of plasma-sprayed zircon coatings were investigated. Zircon was totally decomposed by plasma spray; the coatings were composed of tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) and amorphous silica (a-SiO2), because of the rapid cooling of molten particle right after the impingement to the substrate. Porosity of the as-sprayed coatings was highly affected by both of substrate temperature and spray distance. In all range of the spray distance which had been tried in this study, higher substrate temperature resulted in lower porosity of the coatings; the coating with porosity of 2% was obtained at Ts = 1573K with SD = 95mm. Porosity also decreased with decrease of spray distance. By the heat treatment at 1473K, t-ZrO2 transformed to monoclinic zirconia (m-ZrO2) and a-SiO2 crystallized to cristobalite, respectively. Cracks in the coating disappeared, and open porosity decreased. This can be attributed to sintering of SiO2 and phase transformation of ZrO2. After the heat treatment at 1673K, the coating was composed of ZrSiO4 with dispersed fine m-ZrO2 particle. Open porosity of all the coatings increased up to 10% at this temperature. This is because of volume shrinkage during the formation of zircon.
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Oshkai, Peter, and Ting Yan. "Experimental Investigation of Coaxial Side Branch Resonators." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93870.

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Digital particle image velocimetry is employed to investigate acoustically-coupled flow past a coaxial deep cavity (side branch) resonator mounted in a duct. The emphasis is on the effect of the separation between the coaxial side branches on the interaction between separated shear layers that form across the side branch openings. Various resonator geometries are characterized in terms of patterns of instantaneous and time-averaged flow velocity, vorticity, and streamline topology at several phases of the acoustic cycle. In addition, phase-averaged images of the flow in conjunction with unsteady pressure measurements are evaluated in order to provide insight into the mechanisms of acoustic power generation. Generally speaking, the acoustic source undergoes a significant transformation as the distance between the coaxial side branches changes. When the side branches are located relatively far away from each other, each of them forms an independent acoustic source. As the distance between the side branches decreases, interaction between the associated oscillating shear layers results in formation of a single acoustic source of complex spatial structure.
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Reports on the topic "Particle formation and transformation"

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Sasaki, Sousuke, Yoshio Tonegawa, and Toru Nakajima. Measurement of Nano-Particle From Vehicles and Formation Factors. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0151.

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Perry, Mary J. The Role of Nutrients in the Formation, Maintenance, and Transformation of Phytoplankton Thin Layers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada621138.

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Sullivan, Kyle T. In Situ Imaging of Particle Formation and Dynamics in Reactive Material Deflagrations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342010.

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Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J. Laboratory Studies of the Role of Amines in Particle Formation, Growth and Climate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1169440.

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Seferis, James C. Nano-Particle Control of Void Formation and Expansion in Polymeric and Composite Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada452054.

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Wong, A. Y., and B. S. Bauer. Energetic particle production, cavition formation, and nonlinear development at a plasma density maximum. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6224237.

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Seferis, James C. Nano Particle Control of Void Formation and Expansion in Polymeric and Composite Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada639922.

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Thomson, T. Silicide formation and particle size growth in high temperature annealed, self-assembled FePt nanoparticle arrays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826528.

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Davidovits, Paul. Laboratory Studies of Cloud Particle Formation, Mixing State, and Physiochemical and Optical Properties of Carbonaceous Aerosols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1529101.

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McMurry, P. H. Ultrafine aerosol size distributions and sulfuric acid vapor pressures: Implications for new particle formation in the atmosphere. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5220187.

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