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Journal articles on the topic 'Particle Astrophyics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Barzi, E., G. Bellettini, S. Donati, and D. Pasciuto. "Involving the new generations in particle physics endeavours." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2156, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2156/1/012160.

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Abstract Since 1984 INFN and University of Pisa scientists performing experiments at Fermilab have been running a two-month summer training program for Italian students at the lab. In 1984 the program involved only a few physics students from the University of Pisa, but it was later extended to other INFN groups and to engineering students. Since 2004 the program has been supported in part by the US Department of Energy (DOE) in the frame of an exchange agreement with INFN and has been run by the Cultural Association of Italians at Fermilab (CAIF). In 2007 the Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies (Pisa) established an agreement with Fermilab to share the cost of four engineering students each year. In the almost 40 years of its history, the program has hosted at Fermilab approximately 550 Italian students from more than 20 Italian universities and from some non-Italian universities. In addition, in the years 2010-2019, with the support of the Italian National Institute of Astrophyics (INAF), the Italian Space Agency (ASI), and CAIF, 30 students were hosted in other US laboratories and universities. The Fermilab training programs spanned from data analysis to design and construction of particle detectors and accelerator components, R/D on superconductive elements, theory of accelerators, and analysis of astrophysical data. At the other US laboratories the offered training was on Space Science. In 2015 the University of Pisa endorsed the program as one of its own Summer Schools. The interns are enrolled as Pisa students for the duration of the internship. They are required to write summary reports published in the Fermilab and University of Pisa web pages. Upon positive evaluation by a University board, students are acknowledged 6 ECTS credits. The entire program is expected to expand further under CAIF management. An agreement has been signed between ASI and CAIF, for ASI to support yearly three two-months fellowships in US space science. In the following we inform on student recruiting, training programs, and final evaluation

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2

Auriemma, Giulio. "LHC, Astrophysics and Cosmology." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 1, no. 1 (December 4, 2014): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2014.01.0042.

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In this paper we discuss the impact on cosmology of recent results obtained by the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiments in the 2011-2012 runs, respectively at √<span style="text-decoration: overline;">s</span> = 7 and 8 TeV. The capital achievement of LHC in this period has been the discovery of a spin-0 particle with mass 126 GeV/c<sup>2</sup>, very similar to the Higgs boson of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. Less exciting, but not less important, negative results of searches for Supersymmetric particles or other exotica in direct production or rare decays are discussed in connection with particles and V.H.E. astronomy searches for Dark Matter.

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CHATELAIN, PHILIPPE, GEORGES-HENRI COTTET, and PETROS KOUMOUTSAKOS. "PARTICLE MESH HYDRODYNAMICS FOR ASTROPHYSICS SIMULATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 18, no. 04 (April 2007): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183107010851.

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We present a particle method for the simulation of three dimensional compressible hydrodynamics based on a hybrid Particle-Mesh discretization of the governing equations. The method is rooted on the regularization of particle locations as in remeshed Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (rSPH). The rSPH method was recently introduced to remedy problems associated with the distortion of computational elements in SPH, by periodically re-initializing the particle positions and by using high order interpolation kernels. In the PMH formulation, the particles solely handle the convective part of the compressible Euler equations. The particle quantities are then interpolated onto a mesh, where the pressure terms are computed. PMH, like SPH, is free of the convection CFL condition while at the same time it is more efficient as derivatives are computed on a mesh rather than particle-particle interactions. PMH does not detract from the adaptive character of SPH and allows for control of its accuracy. We present simulations of a benchmark astrophysics problem demonstrating the capabilities of this approach.

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4

Gaisser, Thomas K. "Particle astrophysics." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 117 (April 2003): 318–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(03)01425-7.

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5

Battiston, R. "Particle astrophysics." Advances in Space Research 37, no. 10 (January 2006): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2006.03.014.

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6

Sadouler, Bernard, and James W. Cronin. "Particle Astrophysics." Physics Today 44, no. 4 (April 1991): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881288.

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7

Klapdor‐Kleingrothaus, Hans V., Kai Zuber, and Bernard Sadoulet. "Particle Astrophysics." Physics Today 51, no. 11 (November 1998): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.882058.

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8

Protheroe, R. J., and R. W. Clay. "Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 21, no. 1 (2004): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as03047.

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AbstractCosmic rays with energies above 1018 eV are currently of considerable interest in astrophysics and are to be further studied in a number of projects which are either currently under construction or the subject of well-developed proposals. This paper aims to discuss some of the physics of such particles in terms of current knowledge and information from particle astrophysics at other energies.

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9

Dröge, Wolfgang. "Particle Acceleration by Waves and Fields." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 2 (1998): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600018967.

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The acceleration of electrons and charged nuclei to high energies is a phenomenon occuring at many sites throughout the universe, including the galaxy, pulsars, quasars, and around black holes. In the heliosphere, large solar flares and the often associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most energetic natural particle accelerators, occasionally accelerating protons to GeV and electrons to tens of MeV energies. The observation of these particles offers the unique opportunity to study fundamental processes in astrophysics. Particles that escape into interplanetary space can be observed in situ with particle detectors on spacecraft. In particular, particle spectra can be diagnostic of flare acceleration processes. On the other hand, energetic processes on the sun can be studied indirectly, via observations of the electromagnetic emissions (radio, X-ray, gamma-ray) produced by the particles in their interactions with the solar atmosphere. The purpose of this article is to give a brief overview on current models on particle acceleration and the present status of observations of solar energetic particles.

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10

Bergström, Lars, Ariel Goobar, and Andrew H. Jaffe. "Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics." American Journal of Physics 69, no. 3 (March 2001): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1336841.

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11

Sadoulet, Bernard. "Particle astrophysics: Fundamental issues." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 28, no. 1 (July 1992): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(92)90141-e.

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12

BINÉTRUY, P. "PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 22 (September 10, 2005): 5193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05028703.

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13

Bergström, Lars, Ariel Goobar, and Andreas J. Albrecht. "Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics." Physics Today 53, no. 3 (March 2000): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.883006.

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14

Ali Khan, Israr, Amir Sultan Khan, and Saeed Islam. "Dynamics of the particle around de Sitter–Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence." International Journal of Modern Physics A 35, no. 23 (August 12, 2020): 2050130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x20501304.

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The study of particle dynamics in the vicinity of a black hole environed by dark energy and magnetic field has attracted researchers for their importance in astrophysics and cosmology. In this paper, we study the dynamics of neutral and charged particles in the vicinity of de Sitter–Schwarzschild black hole (DS–Sch-BH) surrounded by quintessence. The effect of the DS part is explored by virtue of effective potential, effective force, and escape velocity of the particle (neutral and charged) moving around DS–Sch-BH. Finally, a comparative study is also investigated.

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15

Spiro, M., É. Aubourg, and N. Palanque-Delabrouille. "Review on experimental particle astrophysics." Surveys in High Energy Physics 15, no. 1-3 (May 2000): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01422410008229138.

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16

Springel, Volker. "Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics in Astrophysics." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 48, no. 1 (August 2010): 391–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-081309-130914.

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17

LANDE, KENNETH. "Particle Astrophysics on the Moon." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 647, no. 1 Texas/ESO-Cer (December 1991): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb32213.x.

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18

Lipari, Paolo. "Open problems in particle astrophysics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 692 (November 2012): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.002.

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19

Schlickeiser, Reinhard, Roger D. Blandford, Alain Brillet, Masa-Katsu Fujimoto, Piero Madau, Angela V. Olinto, Marco Salvati, et al. "DIVISION XI / WG: PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, T26B (December 2007): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308024137.

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20

Meli, Athina, and Apostolos Mastichiadis. "Particle shock acceleration in astrophysics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 588, no. 1-2 (April 2008): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.01.038.

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21

Zuber, K. "Particle detectors in neutrino astrophysics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 454, no. 1 (November 2000): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00828-7.

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22

Raffelt, Georg G. "Astrophysics probes of particle physics." Physics Reports 333-334 (August 2000): 593–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-1573(00)00039-9.

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23

Hofer, M. Y., R. G. Marsden, T. R. Sanderson, and C. Tranquille. "From the Sun’s south to the north pole – Ulysses COSPIN/LET composition measurements at solar maximum." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 6 (June 30, 2003): 1383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-1383-2003.

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Abstract. Based on elemental abundance ratios derived from the Ulysses COSPIN/LET measurements, we classified the energetic particle populations during and after the socalled Fast Latitude Scan – the time period during which the Ulysses spacecraft traveled from the highest heliolatitude south to maximum northern latitude, i.e. 27 November 2000 to 13 October 2001 – as being mixed between solar energetic particles (major component) and particles accelerated at stream interaction regions. During the fast latitude scan, the Ulysses spacecraft made the first transit in heliolatitude from pole to pole during solar activity maximum conditions, providing a unique opportunity to acquire energetic particle composition data over a maximum range of heliolatitudes in the inner heliosphere. At low latitudes, based on our elemental abundance analysis, we found that while solar energetic particles dominated, there were indications for particle acceleration at single compression regions in a few instances. In the high heliolatitude range the observed elemental particle compositions are mainly of the solar energetic particle type. Within the statistical errors, the observed abundance ratios were independent of latitude, and were characteristic of solar energetic particles. These observations raise an important question for the theories of particle propagation in the inner heliosphere. The daily elemental abundance ratios of S/O, Mg/O and Si/O shown here are the first measured ratios at high heliolatitudes in the energy range from 13.0 to 30.0 MeV/n.Key words. Interplanetary physics (energetic particles; interplanetary shocks) – Solar physics, astrophysics and astronomy (flares and mass ejections)

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24

Carramiñana, Alberto. "Astrophysics and elementary particles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 18 (January 1, 2005): 308–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/18/1/008.

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25

Wang, Yifang. "The Daya Bay Experiment and the Discovery of a New Type of Neutrino Oscillation." Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter 01, no. 02 (September 2012): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251158x12000252.

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We know nowadays that the matter world we live in is made of 12 elementary particles, including 6 quarks, 3 charged leptons and 3 neutrinos. Among them, neutrinos are least known since they do not carry the electric charge and interact with others only weakly (often referred as the nuclear weak interactions). In the Standard Model of particle physics before 1998, neutrinos are considered as massless for simplicity and lack of experimental evidence. However, they are so abundant in the universe that their masses, even if tiny, will have significant impact to the particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology.

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26

Barrera, Carlos, Nathan W. C. Leigh, Bastián Reinoso, Amelia M. Stutz, and Dominik Schleicher. "Small-N collisional dynamics – V. From N ≲ 10 to N ≳ 103." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 3374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab207.

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ABSTRACT Direct collisions between finite-sized particles occur commonly in many areas of astrophysics. Such collisions are typically mediated by chaotic, bound gravitational interactions involving small numbers of particles. An important application is stellar collisions, which occur commonly in dense star clusters, and their relevance for the formation of various types of stellar exotica. In this paper, we return to our study of the collision rates and probabilities during small-number chaotic gravitational interactions ($N\, \lesssim$ 10), moving beyond the small-number particle limit and into the realm of larger particle numbers ($N\, \gtrsim$ 103) to test the extent of validity of our analytic model as a function of the particle properties and the number of interacting particles. This is done using direct N-body simulations of stellar collisions in dense star clusters, by varying the relative numbers of particles with different particle masses and radii. We compute the predicted rate of collisions using the mean free path approximation, adopting the point-particle limit and using the sticky-star approximation as our collision criterion. We evaluate its efficacy in the regime where gravitational focusing is important by comparing the theoretical rates to numerical simulations. Using the tools developed in previous papers in this series, in particular Collision Rate Diagrams, we illustrate that our predicted and simulated rates are in excellent agreement, typically consistent with each other to within 1 standard deviation.

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27

Huang, Jihong, Yilin Wang, Bingrong Yu, and Shun Zhou. "Invisible neutrino decays as origin of TeV gamma rays from GRB221009A." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 04 (April 1, 2023): 056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/04/056.

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Abstract Recently, the LHAASO collaboration has observed the gamma rays of energies up to ten TeV from the gamma-ray burst GRB221009A, which has stimulated the community of astronomy, particle physics and astrophysics to propose various possible interpretations. In this paper, we put forward a viable scenario that neutrinos are produced together with TeV photons in the gamma-ray burst and gradually decay into the axion-like particles, which are then converted into gamma rays in the galactic magnetic fields. In such a scenario, the tension between previous axion-like particle interpretations and the existing observational constraints on the relevant coupling constant and mass can be relaxed.

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28

Aalbers, J., S. S. AbdusSalam, K. Abe, V. Aerne, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, D. S. Akerib, et al. "A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 50, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 013001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ac841a.

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Abstract The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for weakly interacting massive particles, while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector.

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29

Quenby, John J., Tamitha Mulligan, J. Bernard Blake, and Diana N. A. Shaul. "Diffusion Coefficients, Short-Term Cosmic Ray Modulation, and Convected Magnetic Structures." Advances in Astronomy 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/429303.

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Three cases of large-amplitude, small spatial-scale interplanetary particle gradients observed by the anticoincidence shield (ACS) aboard the INTEGRAL spacecraft in 2006 are investigated. The high data rates provided by the INTEGRAL ACS allow an unprecedented ability to probe the fine structure of GCR propagation in the inner Heliosphere. For two of the three cases, calculating perpendicular and parallel cosmic ray diffusion coefficients based on both field and particle data results in parallel diffusion appearing to satisfy a convection gradient current balance, provided that the magnetic scattering of the particles can be described by quasi-linear theory. In the third case, perpendicular diffusion seems to dominate. The likelihood of magnetic flux rope topologies within solar ejecta affecting the local modulation is considered, and its importance in understanding the field-particle interaction for the astrophysics of nonthermal particle phenomena is discussed.

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MIRAMONTI, LINO, and VITO ANTONELLI. "ADVANCEMENTS IN SOLAR NEUTRINO PHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 22, no. 05 (May 2013): 1330009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301313300099.

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We review the results of solar neutrino physics, with particular attention to the data obtained and the analyses performed in the last decades, which were determinant to solve the solar neutrino problem (SNP), proving that neutrinos are massive and oscillating particles and contributing to refine the solar models. We also discuss the perspectives of the presently running experiments in this sector and of the ones planned for the near future and the impact they can have on elementary particle physics and astrophysics.

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31

Grach, S. M., V. M. Fridman, L. M. Lifshits, T. S. Podstrigach, E. N. Sergeev, and S. D. Snegirev. "<i>Letter to the Editor</i> UHF electromagnetic emission stimulated by HF pumping of the ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 10 (October 31, 2002): 1687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1687-2002.

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Abstract. UHF electromagnetic emission (with a frequency near 600 MHz) from the F-region of the ionosphere pumped by an HF powerful radio wave is revealed. Possible mechanisms of the emission excitation, such as plasma mode con-version, scattering or Earth thermal noise emission off the plasma density irregularities, bremsstrahlung and excitation of high Rydberg states of the neutral particles by the accelerated electrons are discussed.Key words. Ionosphere (active experiments; wave-particle interactions) – Solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy (radio emissions)

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32

KIM, Yong-Hamb. "Low-temperature Detectors for Particle Astrophysics." Physics and High Technology 23, no. 9 (September 30, 2014): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.23.033.

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33

Cartlidge, Edwin. "Particle astrophysics: Accident grounds neutrino laboratory." Physics World 14, no. 12 (December 2001): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/14/12/7.

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34

Ukdmc, Vitaly A. Kudryavtsev on behalf of I. "Background studies for particle astrophysics experiments." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 39 (May 1, 2006): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/39/1/032.

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35

Gaisser, Thomas K., Francis Halzen, and Todor Stanev. "Particle astrophysics with high energy neutrinos." Physics Reports 258, no. 3 (July 1995): 173–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(95)00003-y.

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36

Rees, Martin J. "Particle physics in astrophysics and cosmology." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 16 (August 1990): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(90)90455-4.

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37

Müller, Dietrich. "Transition radiation detectors in particle astrophysics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 522, no. 1-2 (April 2004): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.01.010.

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Gaisser, Thomas K. "TeV Particle Astrophysics II: Summary comments." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 60 (March 1, 2007): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/60/1/012.

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39

Weekes, T. C. "Particle Astrophysics with High Energy Photons." Physica Scripta T85, no. 1 (2000): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.topical.085a00195.

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40

Adams, Jenni. "Neutrino Telescopes in Antarctica." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 17, no. 1 (2000): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as00013.

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AbstractIt is hoped that in the near future neutrino astronomy will reach throughout and beyond our galaxy and make measurements relevant to cosmology, astrophysics, cosmic-ray and particle physics. The construction of a high-energy neutrino telescope requires a huge volume of very transparent, deeply buried material such as ocean water or ice, which acts as the medium for detecting the particles. I will describe two experiments using Antarctic ice as this medium: the AMANDA experiment employing photomultiplier tubes and RICE utilising radio receivers.

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Dendy, R. O., and J. G. Kirk. "Energetic particles in plasma astrophysics." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 41, no. 3A (January 1, 1999): A427—A435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/41/3a/035.

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Гурьянов, Максим, Maksim Guryanov, Алексей Кожухов, and Aleksey Kozhukhov. "CHOICE OF NECLEUS FUNCTION FOR PROBLEM COMPUITATION OF STEEL MOTION IN LIQUID PHASE IN VESSEL WITH OPEN WALL THROUGH SPH METHOD." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2016, no. 4 (December 28, 2016): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23186.

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Recently the method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics developed rapidly and was already used for the solution of a wide spectrum of scientificengineering problems in the fields of astrophysics, hydrodynamics, gasdynamics and so on. Besides, there were solved many problems on liquid motion in a ves-sel with an open wall. But at the solution of specific problems typical for the field of metallurgy, simulators created with the aid of the method shown may behave unstably. Models instability is characterized with an uneven distribution of liquid in a vessel and particles penetration through rigid walls and with the isolation of particles from a basic mass of liquid. The particles isolation from the mass of liquid and the entrainment of surrounding particles with it results in non-physical behavior of liquid and, as a consequence, in wrong results of computation. This paper reports the analysis of the applica-tion of nucleus different functions to the computation of a density value for the problem solution of particle isolation from the basic mass of liquid and their entrainment of surrounding particles with them. For re-sults check a model of liquid steel oscillation in a steelladle on the basis of the method of particles smoothing was used.

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Lorenz, Jeanette Miriam. "Supersymmetry and the collider dark matter picture." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 30 (September 28, 2019): 1930005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319300052.

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One of the key questions in particle physics and astrophysics is the nature of dark matter, the existence of which has been confirmed in many astrophysical and cosmological observations. Besides direct and indirect detection experiments, collider searches for dark matter offer the unique possibility to not only detect dark matter particles but in the case of discovery to also study their properties by making statements about the potential underlying theory. The search program for dark matter at the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider is comprehensive, and includes both supersymmetric dark matter candidates and other alternatives. This review presents the latest status in these searches, with special focus on supersymmetric dark matter particles.

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Anttila, A., L. G. Kocharov, J. Torsti, and R. Vainio. "Long-duration high-energy proton events observed by GOES in October 1989." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 8 (August 31, 1998): 921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0921-0.

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Abstract. We consider the prolonged injection of the high-energy (>10 MeV) protons during the three successive events observed by GOES in October 1989. We apply a solar-rotation-stereoscopy approach to study the injection of the accelerated particles from the CME-driven interplanetary shock waves in order to find out how the effectiveness of the particle acceleration and/or escape depends on the angular distance from the shock axis. We use an empirical model for the proton injection at the shock and a standard model of the interplanetary transport. The model can reproduce rather well the observed intensity–time profiles of the October 1989 events. The deduced proton injection rate is highest at the nose of the shock; the injection spectrum is always harder near the Sun. The results seem to be consistent with the scheme that the CME-driven interplanetary shock waves accelerate a seed particle population of coronal origin.Key words. Interplanetary physics · Energetic particles · Solar physics · astrophysics and astronomy · Flares and mass ejections

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Foot, R. "Mirror dark matter: Cosmology, galaxy structure and direct detection." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 11n12 (April 25, 2014): 1430013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14300130.

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A simple way to accommodate dark matter is to postulate the existence of a hidden sector. That is, a set of new particles and forces interacting with the known particles predominantly via gravity. In general, this leads to a large set of unknown parameters, however, if the hidden sector is an exact copy of the standard model sector, then, an enhanced symmetry arises. This symmetry, which can be interpreted as space–time parity, connects each ordinary particle (e, ν, p, n, γ, …) with a mirror partner (e′, ν′, p′, n′, γ′, …). If this symmetry is completely unbroken, then the mirror particles are degenerate with their ordinary particle counterparts, and would interact amongst themselves with exactly the same dynamics that govern ordinary particle interactions. The only new interaction postulated is photon–mirror photon kinetic mixing, whose strength ϵ, is the sole new fundamental (Lagrangian) parameter relevant for astrophysics and cosmology. It turns out that such a theory, with suitably chosen initial conditions effective in the very early universe, can provide an adequate description of dark matter phenomena provided that ϵ~10-9. This review focusses on three main developments of this mirror dark matter theory during the last decade: early universe cosmology, galaxy structure and the application to direct detection experiments.

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MASHHOON, BAHRAM. "BEYOND GRAVITOELECTROMAGNETISM: CRITICAL SPEED IN GRAVITATIONAL MOTION." International Journal of Modern Physics D 14, no. 12 (December 2005): 2025–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271805008121.

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A null ray approaching a distant astronomical source appears to slow down, while a massive particle speeds up in accordance with Newtonian gravitation. The integration of these apparently incompatible aspects of motion in general relativity is due to the existence of a critical speed. The dynamics of particles moving faster than the critical speed could then be contrary to Newtonian expectations. Working within the framework of gravitoelectromagnetism, the implications of the existence of a critical speed are explored. The results are expected to be significant for high energy astrophysics.

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KAMAE, TUNEYOSHI. "Fermi – LARGE AREA TELESCOPE: ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CHALLENGES." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 02 (January 20, 2013): 1340002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313400026.

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Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST) has been making many exciting discoveries in astrophysics since its launch in June 2008. One main motivation for the Fermi/GLAST LAT proposal in early 1990s was to promote research in particle astrophysics through close collaboration between particle physics and astrophysics communities. We have accomplished this goal by bring the two communities into one collaboration and by winning funds from their respective funding agencies. The success in finding many exciting phenomena and making high precision measurements have brought many new challenges in interpreting on fundamental physics. I will select a few such discoveries and explain the challenges.

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He, H.-Q. "New insight into the formation mechanism of the energetic particle reservoirs in the heliosphere." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 508, no. 1 (August 11, 2021): L1—L5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slab094.

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ABSTRACT The concept of energetic particle reservoirs, essentially based on the assumption of the presence of outer reflecting boundaries/magnetic mirrors or diffusion barriers (deterministic) rather than on the effect of particle diffusive propagation (stochastic) in magnetic turbulence, has been used for decades to describe the space-extended decay phases of energetic particle events within the fields of space physics, solar physics, and plasma physics. Using five-dimensional time-dependent Fokker–Planck transport equation simulations, in this work, we demonstrate that the so-called particle reservoirs are naturally explained and quantitatively reproduced by diffusion processes in turbulent magnetic fields, without invoking the hypothesis of reflecting boundaries. Our results strongly suggest that the so-called reservoir (based on deterministic structure) should be renamed ‘flood’ (based on stochastic diffusion), which symbolizes an authentic shift in thinking and in pragmatic rationale for the studies of energetic particles and relevant plasma phenomena in heliophysics and in astrophysics.

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McKibben, R. B., J. J. Connell, C. Lopate, M. Zhang, J. D. Anglin, A. Balogh, S. Dalla, et al. "Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 6 (June 30, 2003): 1217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-1217-2003.

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Abstract. In 2000–2001 Ulysses passed from the south to the north polar regions of the Sun in the inner heliosphere, providing a snapshot of the latitudinal structure of cosmic ray modulation and solar energetic particle populations during a period near solar maximum. Observations from the COSPIN suite of energetic charged particle telescopes show that latitude variations in the cosmic ray intensity in the inner heliosphere are nearly non-existent near solar maximum, whereas small but clear latitude gradients were observed during the similar phase of Ulysses’ orbit near the 1994–95 solar minimum. At proton energies above ~10 MeV and extending up to >70 MeV, the intensities are often dominated by Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) accelerated near the Sun in association with intense solar flares and large Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). At lower energies the particle intensities are almost constantly enhanced above background, most likely as a result of a mix of SEPs and particles accelerated by interplanetary shocks. Simultaneous high-latitude Ulysses and near-Earth observations show that most events that produce large flux increases near Earth also produce flux increases at Ulysses, even at the highest latitudes attained. Particle anisotropies during particle onsets at Ulysses are typically directed outwards from the Sun, suggesting either acceleration extending to high latitudes or efficient cross-field propagation somewhere inside the orbit of Ulysses. Both cosmic ray and SEP observations are consistent with highly efficient transport of energetic charged particles between the equatorial and polar regions and across the mean interplanetary magnetic fields in the inner heliosphere.Key words. Interplanetary physics (cosmic rays) – Solar physics, astrophysics and astronomy (energetic particles; flares and mass ejections)

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R, Iyer. "Physics Formalism Helmholtz Iyer Markoulakis Hamiltonian Mechanics Metrics towards Electromagnetic Gravitational Hilbert Coulomb Gauge String metrics." Physical Science & Biophysics Journal 5, no. 2 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000195.

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Iyer Markoulakis Helmholtz Hamiltonian metrics have been gauged to Coulombic Hilbert metrics, representing Gilbertian and Amperian natures of electromagnetic fields from mechanics of vortex rotational fields acting with gradient fields, typically in zero-point microblackhole general fields, extending to vacuum gravitational fields gauge. This ansatz general gaging helps to properly isolate field effects with physical analyses – mechanical, electric, magnetic components within the analytical processes. Vacuum gravitational fields and the flavor Higgs-Boson matter inertial gravitational fields have been thus quantified extending to stringmetrics constructs matrix showing charge asymmetry gauge metrics. Physical Analysis with applications to particle physics, Quantum ASTROPHYSICS, as well as grand unification physics have been advanced. Particle physics gauge matrix pointing to Dirac seas of electrons, monopoles with positrons, electron-positron annihilation leading to energy production, and the relativistic energy generating matter provided literature correlations. Quantum astrophysics extending gauge metrix analyzes of superluminal profile of signals velocity generating electron-positron chain like “curdling” action validates formalism with physics literature of electron-photon observed oscillatory fields configurations. Mechanism of creation of neutrino antineutrino pair orthogonal to electron positron “curdling” planes, that may lead to formation of protonic hydrogen of stars or orthogonally muon particles. These proposals will help to explain receding or fast expanding universe with the dark matter in terms of flavor metrics versus gauge associating metrics fields. Vacuum and gravitational monopoles, that are representation of compressed mass out of vortex Helmholtz decomposition fields have been interpolated to energy generation via electron positron monopole particles at cosmos extent of infinity

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