Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Participatory resource management'
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Kelly, Dana, and d. kelly@uq edu au. "Power and participation: participatory resource management in south-west Queensland." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060912.165641.
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To develop a sustainable future for the rangelands, partnerships are needed partnerships between scientists, policy makers, visitors, and most significantly, the various communities of people who live and work in the rangelands. The views of these people are as variable as the country about which they care; rangeland communities are not homogeneous. The power relations between these people are at the base of many conflicts. How we handle the relationships between these groups, and manage these conflicts, are crucial for success in land management.
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The first part of this thesis reviews the history of both community participation and power theory. While participatory approaches are part of the rhetoric in Australian land management, proponents are generally naïve about the complexities of power and power relations. The philosophical literature highlights that power is a contested concept; and these divisions are epitomised by the works of Habermas and Foucault. Their writings are compared and contrasted to provide a rich understanding of power relations in community participation.
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Power relations influence whose voices are heard: those who exercise power, and the sets of rules that define what is seen as true or false at any given time in history. Power relations also determine whose knowledge is incorporated in land management policy and practice. The model proposed in this thesis demonstrates that power relations interact with every dimension of community participation: context, goals, scale, stage, who is involved, the capacity of those involved, and the methods used.
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Research was undertaken within agricultural and natural resource management programs and projects in south-west Queensland. A variety of participatory approaches are used by government agencies to encourage grazier participation and the adoption of more sustainable practices, such as Landcare, Bestprac and the regional groups, such as the South West Strategy. While government staff in south-west Queensland purport to share decision-making power with landholders, landholders tend to have different perspectives about the level of power that is being shared.
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One of the key findings of this research is that power is not static within any project. Rather, power is ultradynamic, fluid, and highly dependent on context. In terms of land management programs, the levels of power sharing fluctuate over time and between actors. The micro-physics of power, or the power relations among individuals, are often invisible to, or neglected by, the facilitators of land management programs.
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Government agencies tend to focus on the processes used, and on finding the best participatory methods, rather than on the individuals who implement the process or the individuals who participate. Greater flexibility is needed in approaches to land management; correspondingly, greater responsibility is needed from all individuals who have a stake in it. To find sustainable solutions for the rangelands and its people, all involved in participatory land management projects need to better understand the dynamics of power, so as to manage any negative effects.
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Kelly, Dana. "Power and participation : participatory resource management in south-west Queensland /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060912.165641/index.html.
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Kalibo, Humphrey Wafula. "A Participatory Assessment of Forest Resource Use at Mt Kasigau, Kenya." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1082748625.
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Jidskog, Anton. "Participatory Management in Unequal Societies : The case of Integrated Water Resource Management in South Africa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413120.
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Musali, Paul Kijobo. "Rethinking Participatory Natural Resource Management in the Kigezi Highlands, Western Uganda : A Resilience-Building Approach." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502567.
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Changing ecological and socio-economic conditions have resulted into increasing environmental stress, natural resource degradation and threats to peoples' livelihoods. This can only be reversed by understanding how coupled social and ecological systems operate. Managing natural resources has to be seen as a process of building resilience in coupled systems amidst escalating stress. The challenge is to identify, examine and manage processes that build resilience in households. This thesis uses the socio-ecological systems approach to examine resilience building in households. The study assesses land, human and social capital capacities in different types of households and constructs household trajectories or resilience paths. Through a careful analysis the different resilience paths, the processes that build or erode resilience are identified. The study then examines the level of application of various conservation technologies in the identified paths to establish when such technologies initiate or enhance the resilience building processes. Household data was collected from five sites in Kabale district, western Uganda using a case study design. Household data was supplemented by data obtained from extension officers working for Kabale district local Government and five NGOs. Primary data has been supplemented by secondary data obtained from national data bases and local reports. The results reveal that selective diversification, flexibility with internalisation of stress, constant re-organisation and progressive building of experience are important resilience building processes. Depending on the nature of the resilience path being followed by the household, conservation technologies can strengthen these processes and promote resilience building. However in some paths conservation technologies increase sensitivity of assets and household structures leading to erosion of resilience. The study concludes that the resilience building approach can guide participatory natural resource management by providing a set of principles around which managers can resolve issues including the nature of stress, heterogeneity in communities, scale and thus effectively link social and ecological systems.
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Milton, Robin K. "Forest dependence and participatory forest management : a qualitative analysis of resource use in southern Ghana." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297483.
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Farquhar, Samantha Clair. "Keeping track of nature : interdisciplinary insights for participatory ecological monitoring." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6220.
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Participatory ecological monitoring aims to bring together conservationists and members of the public to collect scientific data about changes in nature – in species, habitats, ecosystems and natural resources. Given that such monitoring not only concerns measures of nature but inherently the participants doing the measuring, it is as much to do with social processes as it is to do with ecological ones. By drawing on detailed ethnographic work from the community forests of Nepal, this thesis aims to explore some of the social dimensions of participatory monitoring and of its consequences for socio-ecological regimes. Current debates in political ecology, development studies and nature-society studies provide the theoretical basis for the investigation. The novelty of the thesis lies in its extensive empirical data, which allows it to explore current understandings of participatory monitoring. The thesis establishes the following tentative theoretical findings. It firstly draws attention to the importance of the informal, often unconscious ways in which we all observe changes in nature and of the need to recognise such ‘local monitoring’ in relation to participatory monitoring. It draws attention to the situated nature of practices of monitoring and the heterogeneity of people involved, suggesting that this has consequences for how costs and benefits arising from participatory monitoring are distributed amongst participants and beyond. It argues that without attending to such consequences, participatory monitoring may serve to (re)produce social inequalities which are the basis for marginalisation and that it may become embroiled in local power struggles. The thesis argues that whilst participatory monitoring may provide useful data on changes in nature, that this information will not automatically influence decision-making over nature conservation or the use of natural resources. A multitude of other factors are important in such decision-making and the ways in which these relate to and potentially constrain the effectiveness of participatory monitoring are discussed. The thesis finally offers a typology with which to better understand the complexity amongst participatory monitoring projects – based on who and what they are for – and with which to approach the conflicts and inconsistencies they present. The thesis concludes that without a careful consideration of their inherent social dimensions, participatory monitoring projects will ultimately fail in attempts to both improve the condition of nature and the lives of societies that depend on it, for the two are intimately connected. Interdisciplinary studies such as this are therefore seen to offer great potential to participatory and community-based approaches to conservation and natural resource management more widely.
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Paiement, Jason. "Participatory research methods for consolidating resource management associations in support of sustainable rural development in Mexico's humid tropics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ26965.pdf.
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Meyer-Ueding, Jennifer. "Does participatory and collective governance promote sustainable decisions?" Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16934.
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Die Dissertation untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen der kollektiven Beteiligung betroffener Akteure und nachhaltigen Entscheidungen im Umgang mit Ressourcen. Hierbei wird eine zweiteilige Forschungsagenda aus einem theoretisch-methodologischen und einem empirischen Ansatz verfolgt. Zunächst soll die theoretische Debatte um die operativen Mechanismen zwischen partizipativen Governance-Formen und nachhaltigen Ergebnissen unter der Einbindung von Erkenntnissen zu kollektiven Handlungen vorangetrieben werden. Daneben sollen empirische Einsichten zu konkreten Fällen von kollektiver partizipativer Ressourcen-Governance in Hyderabad, Indien, gewonnen werden. Fünf wissenschaftliche Aufsätze widmen sich diesen beiden Forschungszielen. Der erste Aufsatz untersucht mit Hilfe einer Haushaltsumfrage in Hyderabad die Chancen für eine stärker inklusive Planung in der Wasserversorgung. Der zweite Aufsatz präsentiert eine umfangreiche Literaturauswertung und den Entwurf eines eigenen theoretischen Frameworks. Die folgenden Aufsätze liefern mittels qualitativer Fallstudien Erkenntnisse zu konkreten Formen der kollektiven Partizipation in Hyderabad: Der dritte Aufsatz ist eine Fallstudie über den genossenschaftlichen Sektor in Hyderabad und legt Defizite in der Mitglieder-Partizipation und Autonomie offen. Der vierte Aufsatz stellt dar wie SCOTRWA, ein Zusammenschluss von Nachbarschaftsorganisationen in Hyderabad, sein Sozialkapital für ein kollektives Vorgehen gegen medizinische Ausbeutung einsetzt. Schließlich entwirft der fünfte Aufsatz einen methodologischen Ansatz für die Auswertung qualitativer Daten. Die Anwendung untersucht eine Mitgliederorganisation von SCOTRWA und verdeutlicht die empirische Komplexität der Beziehung zwischen kollektiver Partizipation und nachhaltigen Entscheidungen. Diese Erkenntnisse beeinflussen rückwirkend die theoretischen und methodischen Konzepte der Dissertation wobei der methodologische Ansatz die Grundlage für weitergehende Forschung bildet.This dissertation studies the interrelation between collective stakeholder participation and sustainable decision-making when dealing with various resources. It follows an iterative research agenda consisting of a theoretical-conjoint-methodological approach and an empirical approach. First, the thesis aims to advance the theoretical debate on the relation between participatory governance and sustainable outcomes incorporating considerations on collective action. The second research aim is to accumulate concrete empirical insights on cases of collective stakeholder participation in Hyderabad, India. These two research goals are pursued via five research papers. Based on a household survey, paper 1 explores the prospects for more inclusive water planning at the neighbourhood level in Hyderabad. Paper 2 presents an extensive literature review resulting in the design of a distinct theoretical framework. The two following papers disclose through qualitative case studies insights on concrete collective stakeholder participation in Hyderabad. Paper 3 studies the cooperative sector in Hyderabad, revealing its lack of member participation and autonomy. Paper 4 exemplifies how SCOTRWA, a federation of neighbourhood associations in Hyderabad, uses its social capital as a tool for collective action against medical exploitation. Finally, paper 5 designs and applies a qualitative data evaluation approach to assess the interrelation between collective participation and sustainable decision-making. The approach is applied to a campaign promoted by a member association of SCOTRWA. This application points to the complexity in the interrelation between collective participation and sustainable decision-making and retroactively affects the dissertation’s theoretical and methodological conceptualisations. The methodological approach thereby establishes an innovative basis for further research.
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Sophat, SEAK. "The Typical Intervention Systems of Natural Resource Management in Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia: The Community Based and Modern Approaches." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16948.
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Sayles, Rebecca. "Customer contributions to water sector planning and decision-making in England and Wales." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12261.
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Mounting recognition of the socio-political context of the management of water resources has rendered the application of technocratic approaches in isolation insufficient in addressing future management challenges with participatory approaches increasingly promoted in response. Against this background, new regulatory mechanisms in the water sector in England and Wales promise an increased role for the views of customers in water utility planning and decision- making. Yet, existing scholarship on the institutionalisation of participative approaches in water utility planning and decision-making in England and Wales is sparse. This thesis contributes to an improved understanding of factors that hold potential to impact institutionalisation of participative approaches in this context by focusing on three specific aspects of effectiveness; motivational clarity, the influence of participative mechanism design, and the use and influence of water utility customer contributions in water sector planning and decision-making. This has been achieved through the deployment of participatory research in collaboration with the sponsoring organisation (a water utility operating in England and Wales) utilising group discussion and semi-structured interviews with domestic water customers and water utility practitioner respectively. Findings demonstrate that preference elicitation vehicles embedded within participatory mechanisms hold the potential to influence participants expressed preferences thus representing a key design consideration where multi- mechanism approaches are deployed in planning and decision-making contexts. Furthermore, useful design considerations for multi-attribute presentation in participatory mechanisms are presented. Findings also identify a dominance of instrumental and legalistic practitioner motivations for the use of participative approaches in water utility decision-making. Foremost, it identified the significance of the regulator in driving water utility practices for the management and influence of customer contributions in planning and decision- making, and more fundamentally illustrates the significant barrier posed by a legacy of technocratic practices for the institutionalisation of participatory approaches in water utilities.
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Jager, Nicolas W. [Verfasser], and Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] Newig. "Beyond Panaceas: Assessing the Implementation and Performance of Participatory, Multi-Level Governance in European Water Resource Management / Nicolas W. Jager ; Betreuer: Jens Newig." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119446562/34.
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Jager, Nicolas W. Verfasser], and Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] [Newig. "Beyond Panaceas: Assessing the Implementation and Performance of Participatory, Multi-Level Governance in European Water Resource Management / Nicolas W. Jager ; Betreuer: Jens Newig." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119446562/34.
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Gill, Leanne Margaret. "Building organisational capability." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16234/1/Leanne_Gill_Thesis.pdf.
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Much has been written about the benefits to be derived from maximising organisational capability as a means of increasing competitive advantage, establishing human resource functions as a strategic partner and improving stakeholder satisfaction. However, there is very little in the research on how organisations build their organisational capability (OC).
This thesis explores how developments in our understanding of strategic planning and human resource practices have contributed to a focus in organisations on building their organisational capability. The emergence of the resource-based theory of the firm, together with changes in human resource practices in job analysis, performance management and staff development has laid the foundation for organisational capability. A Model of Organisational Capability is proposed that explores how systems and processes can be aligned to maximize core organisational capability.
Three research questions emerge from the literature and the Model:
*How do organisations define their Strategic Intent Domain?
*How can organisations define their Core OCs?
*How do organisations embed their OCs into their Job Context, Organisational Systems and Knowledge Networks Enablers?
These questions are explored by examining an Australian University utilising a participatory action research methodology. The study focused on how the organisation engaged senior managers to develop an organisational capability framework and agreed on a strategy to embed the capabilities in HR practice. As a result, this thesis presents a step-by-step process for organisations seeking to build their Core Organisational Capability. Practitioners wishing to maximize their organisational capability can draw on the Model of Organisational Capability, step-by-step process and contextual principles, to assist them to engage with the organisation to explore an organisational capability agenda.
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Gill, Leanne Margaret. "Building organisational capability." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16234/.
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Much has been written about the benefits to be derived from maximising organisational capability as a means of increasing competitive advantage, establishing human resource functions as a strategic partner and improving stakeholder satisfaction. However, there is very little in the research on how organisations build their organisational capability (OC). This thesis explores how developments in our understanding of strategic planning and human resource practices have contributed to a focus in organisations on building their organisational capability. The emergence of the resource-based theory of the firm, together with changes in human resource practices in job analysis, performance management and staff development has laid the foundation for organisational capability. A Model of Organisational Capability is proposed that explores how systems and processes can be aligned to maximize core organisational capability. Three research questions emerge from the literature and the Model: *How do organisations define their Strategic Intent Domain? *How can organisations define their Core OCs? *How do organisations embed their OCs into their Job Context, Organisational Systems and Knowledge Networks Enablers? These questions are explored by examining an Australian University utilising a participatory action research methodology. The study focused on how the organisation engaged senior managers to develop an organisational capability framework and agreed on a strategy to embed the capabilities in HR practice. As a result, this thesis presents a step-by-step process for organisations seeking to build their Core Organisational Capability. Practitioners wishing to maximize their organisational capability can draw on the Model of Organisational Capability, step-by-step process and contextual principles, to assist them to engage with the organisation to explore an organisational capability agenda.
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Flodin, Charlotte. "Equity in rural water resource development and management : A case study of Kilombero Valley, Tanzania, and the investments delivered by a participatory and demand-driven NGO." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-133812.
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The demand-driven and participatory approach to water resource development and management in Tanzania has been both praised and criticized; some see progress where others see increased inequalities. This study focuses on one progressive, demand-driven NGO which has a participatory approach to water resource development and management. This NGO, MSABI, is active in Kilombero Valley in southern Tanzania, and can be considered successful as it manages to keep 91 % of its water points functional, whilst the national average for pump functionality is just above 50 %. To study the performance of MSABI from a user perspective, it was decided that two sites in Kilombero Valley should be investigated in terms of users’ views on water access and quality. The identification of sites is based on population density and landcover change, so that the issues of scale and urban bias, as well as changes in the landscape affecting hydrological processes, are accounted for. In total, 29 interviews were conducted (October to November 2014), 15 at the Ifakara study site, the more densely populated location, and 14 at the Mchombe Ward study site. The interviews were semi-structured, using a participatory approach, focusing on users’ perspectives on water sources and the access to and quality of those water sources in dry and rainy seasons. The information gathered was used to construct definitions for water access and quality. These definitions, as well as the two locations and categorization of participants according to socio-economic status, were then used to sort and analyse the collected material. The results show that MSABI does not manage to make water accessible in an equitable way because of its demand-driven and participatory approach to water resource development and management. However, MSABI offers the only improved water source at the Mchombe Ward study site, except for one improved open well. MSABI manages to counter urban-bias better than any of the other water resource development and management facilitators encountered at the two study sites. The seasons influence water access, especially at the more peripheral locations, where improved water sources are less common and, as open water sources, are more prone to drought and contamination. When participants in Ifakara seasonally migrate for farming, during 4-5 months per year, the majority’s access to improved water sources is lost. At the distant seasonal fields, open water sources are more common and few report that they treat the unsafe water. The migration to peripheral farmlands coincides with the rainy season, causing open water sources to have their lowest water quality when seasonal migrants utilize them. This underlines the importance of securing safe water supply for people at remote locations, and the important role MSABI plays as water resource developer at those locations. In conclusion, if the current demand-driven and participatory approach to water resource development and management is to be retained, regardless of the heavy criticism it has received with regards to equity, this study suggests that the practices of MSABI should be spread further based on MSABI’s ability to increase safe water access at remote locations. Another recommendation is to further look into the effects of seasonal migration on access to safe water. The effect seasonal migration has on water access in Kilombero could exist in other areas in Tanzania or in other countries. The aspect of seasonal migration might show that water access statistics are misleading, as the seasonal water consumption in remote locations risks being omitted in official statistics.
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Gathongo, Njoroge Ikonye. "Validating Local Interpretations of Land Cover Changes at Mt. Kasigau, Kenya." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1344617761.
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González, Acosta Andrés. "Towards an inclusive municipal solid waste management system: A case study from Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324140.
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The city of Xalapa, like many Mexican cities, does not count with any sort of official recycling program. Resource recovery relies on the work performed by the informal recycling sector and often, such work is neglected by the local government. In line with this, the aim of this study is to evaluate if a participatory resource management is a more suitable option than the current approach; so that the informal recycling sector can be included into the formal waste management system. In order to do so, this study employed a case study method using qualitative data; during the month of field work in Xalapa, semi- structured interviews and observation were the techniques used for collecting data. Concepts such as informal economy, participatory resource management, network theory and waste management were employed to analyze the organization and operation of the formal and informal waste management systems. Drawn from the results and analysis, it was presented that the informal recycling sector in Xalapa is composed of 5 different types of actors. Some of these actors are organized, while others work independently. The study revealed that their income is related to their capability of accessing to infrastructure and resources. This access to infrastructure and resources takes the form of a secondary materials trade hierarchy where the income of an actor depends on their ability to add value to their recovered materials. Additionally, organized actors tend to be less prone to manipulation and exploitation. Furthermore, it was deemed relevant to look at the current policies and regulations as well as to the action plans proposed by the local government for alleviating the solid waste crisis in Xalapa. It was identified that to consider a participatory resource management approach, several barriers need to be overcome; these barriers lie within the governance and social spectrum. However, despite the identified barriers, the current waste management system has opportunities for creating a more inclusive and socially just municipal solid waste management system.
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Reppun, Frederick A. W. L. "Invasive Marine Algae as a Soil Amendment for Island Farmers: Agronomic and Ethnographic Assessment of Implications for Nutrient Management." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1462555252.
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Ruzow, Holland Ann Hope. "Participatory Planning for a Promised Land: Citizen-Led, Comprehensive Land Use Planning in New York’s Adirondack Park." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1292545997.
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Yadav, Jagdish Prasad. "Participatory multi-objective planning for the management of natural resources." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11630.
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The research study provides a participatory methodology appropriate for the management of natural resources. The major natural resources, i.e., agriculture, forest and community lands are considered. A large proportion of these resources is degraded or is in various stages of degradation. The past and the present management practices have been inadequate to maintain these resources in proper state for sustainable use. In this study, a planning process for the management of these natural resources is demonstrated by selecting a typical site which consists of six villages, with their resources, at Sohna in Haryana State of India. It involves different participants, namely the local people, Village Panchayats (village level elected administrative bodies) and the government agencies which are responsible singly or jointly for the management. In the planning, the natural resources and the goods and services derived from them along with people, livestock and their activities are viewed as an interactive and inter-dependent, 'whole system'. A systems approach has been used, beginning with detailed analysis of socio-economic and bio-physical major sub-systems of the selected site, which is followed by integration of different components of the sub-systems to achieve the specified objectives (environmental amelioration and social welfare) and goals (demand of food, fodder, timber and other minor products, employment opportunities and maximisation of income) through the use of mathematical programming especially goal and linear programming. Two alternative management scenarios - village level and community level - are presented and discussed. The salient features of this study are integration of agriculture resource with the management of common and forest lands, hitherto all of them managed singly, holistic view of management and the participation of stakeholders in the management process.
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Diop, Penda. "Vers une stratégie de gestion participative multi-usages de la ressource en eau dans le delta du fleuve Sénégal : processus de décision et outils de régulation autour du lac de Guiers." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV045/document.
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L’objet de la thèse est d’évaluer la pertinence de l’approche participative comme outil-levier pour une gestion locale mieux partagée et durable des ressources en eau autour du lac de Guiers au Sénégal. Unique lac d’eau douce d’importance du pays, implanté dans une zone semi-désertique de la région écologique sahélienne, le lac de Guiers est très convoité par plusieurs types d’usages. Il est considéré, au plan national comme au plan local, comme une source vitale d’approvisionnement en eau potable des régions proches et de grandes villes une ressource stratégique pour le maintien de l’autosuffisance alimentaire ainsi qu’un moteur de développement économique pour les communautés villageoises agro-pastorales. La démarche méthodologique retenue est de type « bottom-up », partant du diagnostic de terrain du cas du lac de Guiers. Elle s’appuie sur des entretiens et enquêtes par questionnaires auprès des gestionnaires et des usagers de l’eau du lac, une analyse des jeux d’acteurs dans un cadre institutionnel en évolution et l’analyse des dynamiques spatiales de répartition des usages de l’eau. Ce diagnostic montre dans quelle mesure l’approche participative prônée dans les stratégies et plans de gestion de l’eau du lac de Guiers est effectivement mise en œuvre et vient renforcer la participation des usagers de la ressource en eau pour parvenir à une gestion mieux partagée et durable de celle-ci. L’approche participative n'est fonctionnelle que si le cadre de gestion s’inscrit dans une démarche globale de gestion concertée et intégrée dans laquelle tous les usagers et les acteurs gestionnaires sont co-gestionnaires de la démarche.De plus, l’approche participative reste souvent difficile à organiser. Cette difficulté est d’autant plus forte que l’étendue géographique est grande, et qu’il s’agit de faire participer tous les usagers et acteurs gestionnaires concernés à toutes les échelles avec des intérêts parfois contradictoires. Par ailleurs, la thèse révèle que l’accroissement de l’implantation d’activités économiques sensées profiter à la région conduit à des effets pervers qui vont à l’encontre des objectifs des plans de gestion : baisse de la qualité de l’eau et des quantités disponibles (pollution causée par les rejets des agro-industries et augmentation des volumes de prélèvement).Toutes les séries d’actions engagées constituent des dépenses pour les acteurs gestionnaires (maintenance des infrastructures, contrôle des prélèvements, lutte contre la pollution etc.). Dans ce domaine, la thèse recommande que la gestion de la ressource en eau du lac prenne en compte cette dimension déterminante, en développant de nouveaux outils de gestion correspondant à la valorisation économique de l’eau et en créant un Observatoire, outil intégrateur de son avenir durable. Ceci est une condition sine qua non pour une amélioration des conditions de vie des riverains. La thèse confirme, à travers le cas du lac de Guiers, la pertinence des théories de l’approche participative pour accompagner et aider ses acteurs gestionnaires dans leur appréhension et leur organisation du système de gestionThe aim of the thesis is to evaluate the relevance of the participatory approach as a leverage tool to achieve a better shared and sustainable local management of water resources around lake Guiers in Senegal. It is the only freshwater lake of importance in the country. Located in a semi-desert zone of the Sahelian ecological region, lake Guiers is coveted by several types of uses. It is considered both nationally and locally as a vital resource for drinking water supply in nearby regions and large cities as a strategic resource for maintaining food self-sufficiency, as well as being a vector of economic development of the agro-pastoral village communities.The methodological approach adopted is the "bottom-up" approach, starting from field diagnosis of the case of lake Guiers. It is based on interviews and questionnaire surveys with managers and users of the lake’s water, an analysis of the sets of actors in an evolving institutional framework and the analysis of the spatial dynamics of distribution of the uses of the lake’s water. This diagnosis demonstrates the extent to which the participatory approach advocated in the water management strategies and plans of lake Guiers is effectively implemented and strengthens the participation of water resource users in order to achieve a better shared and sustainable management of this water resource.The participatory approach is functional only if the management framework is part of a comprehensive, collaborative and integrated management approach in which all users and managers are involved in the decision-making process (co-management). Furthermore, the participatory approach is often difficult to organize. This difficulty increases when the geographical scope is large and the aim is to involve all the users and managers concerned at all levels with sometimes contradictory interests. Moreover, the thesis reveals that the increase in the implantation of economic activities that are supposed to benefit the region leads to perverse effects that run counter to the objectives of the management plans: a drop in water quality and of the available quantities (pollution caused by discharges from agro-industries and increased collection volumes). All the series of actions (services) involved imply expenditures for the management actors (maintenance of infrastructures, control of sampling, pollution control etc.). In this area, the thesis recommends that the management of water resources in the lake should take into account this decisive dimension, by developing new management tools corresponding to the economic valuation of water and by creating an observatory, an integrating tool of its sustainable future. This is a sine qua non condition for improving the living conditions of local residents. The thesis confirms, through the case of Lake Guiers, the relevance of the theories of the participatory approach to accompany and help its management actors in their apprehension and organization of the management system
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Tomićević, Jelena. "Towards participatory management : linking people, resources and management. A socio-economic study of Tara National Park /." Freiburg : Verl. des Inst. für Landespflege der Univ. Freiburg, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014756732&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Muro, Melanie. "The role of social learning in participatory planning & management of water resources." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3513.
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Natural Resource Management processes are undergoing major transformations: technical and regulatory mechanisms are no longer considered sufficiently adaptive to address the complexity and uncertainty which characterise contemporary challenges in the sector, thus motivating wider use of integrated and collaborative approaches. Against this background, new models of participative management are encouraged which emphasise social learning among stakeholders. Yet, reported research which unambiguously demonstrates the role and impact of social learning remains sparse. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the conditions under which social learning occurs, and most importantly the dynamics and benefits of social learning by systematically collecting evidence of the processes and impacts attributed to social learning. The research which employs a sequential mixed methods research design is undertaken with stakeholders involved in various engagement activities forming part of the implementation of the WFD in the UK, Ireland, and Germany and expands the still limited empirical knowledge base on social leaning in stakeholder interaction. Findings demonstrate that participatory platforms are shaped by processes of social learning although they are more noticeable as collaborative initiatives mature. Also, there is some degree of variation in the extent to which people learn or change, with stakeholders readily acquiring knowledge and improving relationships. However, the transformation of views and the development of a shared group identity seem to be limited. Findings clearly illustrate the multitude of factors that constrain the occurrence of learning processes and eventually limit the extent to which these can contribute to sustainable NRM. Foremost, this study reinforces the importance of the actual communicative learning process, the quality and intensity of which is largely influenced by the organisational arrangements and, more fundamentally, the ability of the stakeholders to shape the process.
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Goelz, Taylor Dawn. "Human Dimensions of a Participatory, Collaborative Modeling Process - Oysterfutures." W&M ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1563898628.
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Participatory, collaborative modeling processes represent a unique decision-making technique within natural resources management that allows for the combination of stakeholder involvement with the analytical and predictive power of scientific models. The continued use of participatory modeling within decision-making processes depends in part upon the willingness of stakeholders to participate. Continued participation of stakeholders is key to the persistence and overall success of these processes, and yet limited information exists concerning the impacts of these processes on participants. The consideration of human dimensions advances our understanding of the design and function of participatory modeling processes, including their ability to create consensus outcomes, their capacity to integrate natural and social sciences, and their capability to advance sustainable natural resources policy and management. Within this thesis, I analyzed stakeholders’ advice and communication social networks and their attitudes towards scientific models to better understand the impact of these participatory modeling processes on participants. I found that the development of group cohesion was more heterogeneous than previously thought. While there was a significant increase in advice ties between OysterFutures members, silos of advice within stakeholder groups remained. There was also a high level of between-stakeholder group advice ties that existed prior to the OysterFutures process. This history between stakeholders and stakeholder groups is also thought to have impacted the development of advice ties. Lastly, the transition of the advice network structure over time supports arguments in the literature that suggest that different network structures are necessary at certain time points during participatory processes. Stakeholder group silos also persisted within the communication network. These silos are thought to have helped stakeholder groups develop their own attitude towards scientific models based on their unique “way of knowing”. As a result, attitudes towards models were significantly different between stakeholder groups. This strength of stakeholder group impact on attitudes likely limited overall changes in attitudes towards models over the course of OysterFutures. The importance of considering social network structure of participatory modeling processes was demonstrated through results that certain brokering network positions significantly impacted attitudes towards models. Methods to facilitate more between group communications during participatory modeling processes could help mitigate the strong impact of stakeholder group membership on attitudes. Overall, results for attitudes towards models support the idea that models are acting as “boundary objects” that help facilitate discussion during these processes.
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Yates, Gabriela E. "Emerging issues in Florida's tourism resources shifting gears from participatory planning to community-based management /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0012404.
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Martin, Adrian. "Participatory forest management in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India : developing partnerships for the management of local natural resources." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267194.
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Ekure, Charles. "Identifying the potential of participatory modelling and mobile data collection to enhance implementation of integrated water resources management." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17652/.
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The global problem of increasing freshwater scarcity has led to the promotion and adoption of the concept of integrated water resources management (IWRM) as a way of achieving sustainable development and management of available freshwater resources. However, despite its popularity and the widespread support it has enjoyed among its proponents over the years, IWRM has registered dismal performance on the implementation front. Whereas participatory involvement in the management of water resources is a key requirement in IWRM, its realisation in practice remains a major challenge. This study investigated means through which participatory involvement in water resources management could be improved with the aim of enhancing implementation of IWRM. To that end a participatory modelling exercise was designed and implemented with a select group of participants and the process evaluated; a web-based mobile data collection system was developed, tested and evaluated; and an enabling framework for water resources management was assessed. Key findings from the study suggest that participatory modelling can enhance implementation of IWRM by supporting participatory involvement in the management of water resources. However this is not possible with a web-based mobile data collection system, particularly in a developing country context. The findings also suggest that an enabling environment for water resources management is not sufficient to enhance implementation of IWRM but may need to be accompanied by additional supporting measures. As the responsibilities of managing water resources are increasingly being decentralised with more emphasis being placed on stakeholder participation, participatory modelling offers methodological guidance on how to constructively involve stakeholders in water resources management.
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Ferraton, Mélanie. "L'approche participative au service de la gestion intégrée de la ressource en eau : l'expérience des parcs naturels régionaux du Sud-Est de la France." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA022/document.
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Née d’un travail partenarial entre le Groupement des Amis des Parcs Naturels Régionaux du Sud-Est (GAPSE) et l’Université Savoie Mont Blanc, cette thèse, réalisée dans le cadre d’une convention CIFRE, s’intéresse au volet participatif de la Gestion Intégrée de la Ressource en Eau (GIRE) dans les Parcs Naturels Régionaux de montagne du Sud-Est français.L’étude se fonde sur le retour d’expérience et l’analyse réflexive du programme de recherche-action-collaborative et participative « L’eau, entre mémoire et devenir », initié en 2008 par le GAPSE. À partir d’une méthode d’enquête auprès des acteurs clefs, elle identifie, dans ces territoires, une trentaine d’actions relevant du volet participatif de la GIRE. Le recensement et l’examen de ces actions et de leurs conditions de mise en œuvre, amènent à construire une représentation, sous forme de modèle évolutif, de cette approche participative de la GIRE. Les PNR s’inventent alors en nouveaux territoires de l’eau. En dépassant le strict cadre de la gestion par bassin, l’analyse approfondie des jeux, logiques et paysages actoriels œuvrant dans la mise en place de ces actions permet de questionner ce nouveau statut.Ce travail montre que, malgré une évolution législative liée à la réforme territoriale, restreignant les prérogatives des PNR en matière de gestion de la ressource en eau, des formes innovantes de démarches participatives s’observent, allant au-delà des dispositifs institutionnels de concertation de la GIRE.Ces initiatives volontaires, issues des collectivités, du milieu associatif ou encore de divers collectifs citoyens, sont souvent encore disparates et manquent de cohérence et de liant entre elles. L’action publique doit ainsi composer avec cette diversité d’acteurs et d’actions, aux objectifs et formes variés. Se dessine alors un enjeu d’articulation des démarches participatives et d’innovation en matière de participation citoyenne, auquel ce travail tente de répondre en proposant un guide méthodologique de mise en œuvre d’une GIRE participative fondé sur le retour d’expérience des PNR du Sud-EstThe thesis arises from a partnership work between the association “ le Groupement des Amis des Parcs Naturels Régionaux du Sud-Est ” (GAPSE) and the “Savoie Mont Blanc ” University. It was made within the CIFRE agreement (Industrial agreement of learning/training by research). The PhD focuses on the participatory component of the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) in the regional nature parks in the south-east of France.The study relies on the feedback and the analysis of the participatory action research program called “L’Eau entre mémoire et devenir” (“Water between memory and future”), which has been created in 2008 by the GAPSE. Based on a survey methodology of key actors, the thesis identifies around thirty participatory actions under the IWRM. The census and analysis of these actions and of their implementation conditions led to build a dynamic model about the participatory approach of IWRM.We examine the regional nature parks status, as news water territories, beyond the narrower confines of watershed-based management, on the basis of a thorough and integrated analysis of actors’ interactions.This study shows that these territories can generate innovative participatory actions going beyond just the institutional conciliation scheme, based on a representative system. These actions arise despite the legislative change, due to a territorial reform, which restrict water prerogatives of regional nature parks.However, these voluntary initiatives implemented by the territorial authorities, associations or citizen collective organizations are still disparate and lack of coherence and coordination between them.The public action has to deal with a diversity of actors and actions with various objectives. The real issue becomes citizen participatory initiatives articulation. This PhD tries to answer to this challenge by proposing a methodological guide about the IWRM implementation, based on the regional nature parks feedbacks
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Strehlow, Harry Vincent. "Integrated natural resources management of coastal fisheries." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15573.
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Das Untersuchungsgebiet, die Nha Phu Lagune, weist eine massive Degradation der fischereilichen Ressourcen auf. Die „Rural Livelihoods“ in den Gemeinden dieser Küstenregionen sind durch diese Degradation gefährdet. Da, die Ressourcennutzungsentscheidungen einzelner Haushalte von vielen Faktoren abhängen, bedarf es eines multi-sektoralen Forschungsansatzes. Dieser ermöglicht, die Komplexität und die Diversität des Ressourcennutzungssystems und seine Nutzer, zu erfassen. Das Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM) ist ein multi-sektoraler Forschungsansatz, der innovative und flexible Managementformen zu entwickeln versucht, um natürliche Ressourcen nachhaltig zu nutzen. Interdisziplinarität und die Betonung von Partizipation sind zentrale Kennzeichen des angewandten INRM-Forschungsansatzes. Diese interdisziplinäre Vorgehensweise berücksichtigt sowohl sozio-ökonomische und institutionelle Einflussfaktoren, z.B. Ressourcennutzer-Gruppen und bestehende Regulierungen und Gesetze, als auch biologische und produktionstechnische Einflussfaktoren, z.B. Aquakultur und Fischfangtechniken. Während eines sechs monatigen Untersuchungszeitraums unter Anwendung Partizipativer Aktionsforschung und des INRM-Ansatzes wurden 12 Dörfer im Umkreis der Nha Phu Lagune besucht. Der innerhalb der Partizipativen Aktionsforschung angesiedelte Lernzyklus generiert Wissen durch die Reflektion von gesammelten Daten, die kontinuierlich an die Beteiligten zurückgeführt werden. Die Erhebung mittels Fragebögen, halbstrukturierter Interviews, Gruppendiskussionen, Observierung, „Resource Mapping“ und Venn Diagrammen identifizierte Ursachen für die Degradation fischereilicher Ressourcen. Diese Informationen wurden dann an die Beteiligten weitergereicht, was zu neuen Erkenntnissen über alternative Ressourcenmanagementstrategien führte. Die Integration biologischer und sozio-ökonomischer Aspekte erfasste die Komplexität des Ressourcensystems Nha Phu Lagune und seiner Nutzer. Dies beinhaltet eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Ressourcen, Akteuren, Ebenen, Institutionen, Entscheidungsstrukturen, Livelihood Strategien, Trends und assoziierte Probleme des nachhaltigen Managements natürlicher Ressourcen.The selected study site, Nha Phu Lagoon is characterized by massive degradation of coastal fishery resources. As a result rural livelihoods in coastal communities are threatened. Since household decisions concerning resource use are influenced by several factors, a multi-sectoral approach is necessary. A multi-sectoral approach enables to comprehend the complexity and diversity of the resource system and its users. Integrated natural resources management (INRM) is one multi-sectoral research approach that aims to develop innovative and flexible management forms to manage natural resources in a more sustainable way. The applied INRM-approach is characterized through strong interdisciplinarity and participation. Interdisciplinary means that socioeconomic and institutional aspects, e.g. resource-user groups and existing legal arrangements, are combined with biological as well as production system aspects, e.g. mangrove reforestation as well as aquaculture or gear-fishing techniques. For a period of six months participatory action research following an integrated natural resource management approach was carried out visiting 12 fishing villages around Nha Phu Lagoon. The inherent ‘learning cycle’ in participatory action research generates knowledge in a process of reflecting on the collected data that is continuously fed back to the participants. During questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, group discussions, observations, resource mappings, and Venn diagrams reasons for the degradation of fishery resources were gathered. This information was then shared with participants, which led to new insights as well as alternative resource management strategies. The integration of biological and socioeconomic aspects identified the complexity of the coastal fishery resource system Nha Phu Lagoon and its users. This includes a multitude of different resources, actors, levels, institutions, decision-making structures, livelihood strategies, trends, and associated problems in the sustainable management of the natural resources.
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Dube, Dumisani Hendry. "Participatory approach an opportunity or a hurdle to water reforms: " Experiences from save catchment council, Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7780.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilFor generations, participation has been a mainstay of academic writing and teaching. By the 1970's, the policy statements of the major international donors and implementing agencies all emphasize the importance of participation (Dudley, 1993). It is time to stop simply reiterating the cry for community participation and prolonged argument about definitions of participation - related concepts. That was yesterday's battle. Certainly, despite all the rhetoric, participation often does not happen.
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Moreira, Tereza Maria Ximenes. "GestÃo participativa no CearÃ: anÃlise dos comitÃs das sub-bacias hidrogrÃficas do baixo e mÃdio Jaguaribe." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12317.
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O Estado do Cearà foi um dos pioneiros no cenÃrio nacional a estabelecer sua legislaÃÃo estadual, a Lei n 11.996/1992, atualizada pela Lei n 14.844/2010, que teve como base legal e institucional, a SRH e a COGERH, componentes do SIGERH, que implantou a gestÃo de Ãgua por bacias hidrogrÃficas, bem como, o modelo de gestÃo compartilhada, com foco na parceria entre Estado e Sociedade. Foi com o recorte na Bacia HidrogrÃfica do Rio Jaguaribe, mais pontualmente, nos ComitÃs das Sub-Bacias HidrogrÃficas do Baixo e do MÃdio Jaguaribe, que se pretende realizar uma anÃlise de forma comparativa das semelhanÃas e diferenÃas desses dois comitÃs. ConstituÃdos no mesmo perÃodo, porÃm apresentam diferenÃas perceptÃveis na forma de funcionamento, no nÃvel de participaÃÃo dos seus membros, nos encaminhamentos das reuniÃes e nas deliberaÃÃes, dentre outros. Tendo em vista essas diferenÃas que sÃo relevantes, este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma anÃlise da dinÃmica social destes comitÃs, investigando os seguintes aspectos: gerenciamento dos recursos hÃdricos nas bacias hidrogrÃficas; cobranÃa pelo uso da Ãgua; conflito pelo uso da Ãgua; participaÃÃo social e redes sociais. A metodologia utilizada trata de uma abordagem quanti/qualitativa, tendo como foco os
colegiados, universo da pesquisa. Na conclusÃo do trabalho foi observado com relaÃÃo aos comitÃs, que apesar das diferenÃas que sempre existiram entre os mesmos, no olhar da pesquisadora, a dimensÃo dessas diferenÃas se apresentava
de forma bem maior, uma impressÃo cristalizada. ApÃs a tabulaÃÃo dos dados, essas diferenÃas passaram a serem vistas de outra forma. Cada comità faz o seu prÃprio caminho, em alguns aspectos se encontram, em outros se divergem.
Portanto, os comitÃs se encontraram quando apresentaram os seguintes pontos em comum: falta de apoio financeiro para a implantaÃÃo de projetos, que implica em uma maior autonomia; dificuldade das organizaÃÃes da sociedade civil para participar das reuniÃes dos comitÃs por falta de transporte (hoje està equilibrado); e divergiram em outros pontos como a distÃncia espacial entre os municÃpios da bacia, contrapondo as realidades do vale e da âÃrea secaâ, que tem interesses diferentes e
a falta da cultura de participaÃÃo.The state of Cearà was one of the pioneers on the national scene to establishits state legislation through the Law No. 11.996/1992, updated by Law No.14.844/2010, which had the legal and institutional basis, SRH and COGERH, SIGERH components, which implemented the water management by watershed, as well as the shared management model, focusing on the partnership between State and Society. The research had focused on the Jaguaribe Watershed, punctually, on the Committees of the Sub-Watershed of the Lower and Middle Jaguaribe, which aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences of these two Committees. They were made in the same period, but they have noticeable differences in operation, in the level of participation of its members in referrals and the deliberations of meetings, among others. Because of these differences that are relevant, this work aims to conduct an analysis of the social dynamics of these committees, investigating the following aspects: management of water resources in the watersheds; charging for water use; conflict over water use; social participation and social networks. The methodology is a quantitative / qualitative approach , focusing on the collegiate , the research universe . At the conclusion of the study it was observed, with regard to the Committees, that despite the differences that have always existed between them , in the eyes of the researcher , the magnitude of these differences is presented in a much larger form , a crystallized impression. After tabulating the data , these differences were regarded in another way . Each committee makes its own way: in some respects they are similar, in others they diverge . Therefore the Committees met when presented the following points in common : lack of financial support for the implementation of projects , which implies greater autonomy ; difficulty of civil society organizations to participate in committee meetings for lack of transport ( today is balanced) and differed on other points as the spatial distance between the municipalities of the watershed , contrasting the realities of the valley and the ' dry area' which has different interests , and the lack of a culture of participation.
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Koernig, Frida. "Reconsidering Participation : A Critical Review of Integrated Approaches in the Management of Water Resources and Contaminated Drinking Water." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-273968.
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Participation is often seen as fundamental in development studies and for development projects. There are also critical ideas claiming that there are power relations which should be taken into account before embracing participation as good in itself. From the basis of the critical ideas found in the book Participation: The New Tyranny? this paper examines the cases of ‘Integrated Water Resources Management’ and ‘Integrated Approach for Mitigation of Arsenic Contamination of Drinking Water in Bangladesh’ in order to determine whether the critical ideas in the book are applicable when analysing texts about these cases. After determining that there are indications of power imbalances between the facilitators and the local population in the two cases, this paper finally argues that the critical ideas are applicable and that there is a need for more and broader discussions and dialogues between various actors involved in development projects. Also mentioned in this paper is the importance of raising awareness of power relations and incorporating different views when planning and implementing development projects.
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Nhancale, Camilo Correia. "Participatory governance for sustainable management of natural resources in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park: The case of Parque Nacional do Limpopo, Moçambique." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2247.
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Thesis (MScAgric (Conservation Ecology and Entomology)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.This study assessed (a) the inclusion of local communities in the process of the establishment and management of Parque Nacional do Limpopo (PNL); (b) local community resources use practices, livelihoods strategies, land resources use and ownership and institutional arrangements at the grassroots; and (c) attitudes and perceptions of local communities towards the park and its implications for the sustainability of the park. The study shows that local stakeholders were left out in the planning and implementation processes of the park, which was through top-down approach. There was a lack of involvement of local communities and co-ordination with local stakeholders concerning on-the-ground activities. Local community participation occurs through consultation, thereby depriving primary stakeholders of any decision-making power. However, the study notes that the ongoing interaction between the park management, community advocacy organisations and local communities in the park represents a positive step towards the evolving practice of participatory governance of the protected area. It is also shown that local communities have diverse livelihood strategies, including subsistence agriculture, livestock herding, forest products harvesting, small businesses, handicrafts and cash remittances by migrate labourers. It is worth noting that land and forest resources use constitutes the foundation of their livelihood strategies. Local communities considered land to belong to traditional land chiefs who head local socio-cultural and political organizations in rural areas. They allocate land and control access to natural resources. Other community members asserted that the land belongs to the respective families that inherited and use it. The legal framework in Mozambique authorises the establishment of new institutions at the grassroots. This overlaps with the pre-existing traditional institutions in the rural areas, resulting in power conflicts and in some cases disruption of local institutions for governance ...
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Nhancale, Camilo Correia. "Participatory governance for sustainable management of natural resources in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park : the case of Parque Nacional do Limpopo, Moȧmbique /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/451.
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Kong, Taryn M. "Understanding Land Management and Desertification in the South African Kalahari with Local Knowledge and Perspectives." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/268615.
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Desertification, or land degradation in drylands, is a serious environmental problem in South Africa with tremendous socio-economic consequences. Land users' perspectives on land management practices and knowledge about their rangelands have been poorly represented in the discourse of land degradation in South Africa. We addressed this knowledge gap by examining three participatory methods to capture local knowledge and perspectives, as well as the relation between knowledge, attitude and practice status relative to three land management actions done by livestock farmers in the South African Kalahari. Photo elicitation captured a greater level of detail and new information compared to semi-structured interviews alone, while enhancing researchers' understanding of farmers' knowledge and perception in multiple ways. The photovoice group discussions led to farmers' engagement in reflective dialogues, which facilitated mutual learning among the farmers. We found that a high level of knowledge and positive attitude alone did not always result in actual full scale practice. Situational factors such as limited financial resources, inadequate farm infrastructure, farm size, and land tenure were given by farmers as constraints or challenges to their land management. We further examined how effective local knowledge and remotely sensed data were in assessing the veld condition in the Kalahari Duneveld. The farmers' assessment of veld condition corresponded to field measured grass, shrub and bare ground cover. The three vegetation metrics calculated from remotely sensed images (i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and the tasseled cap greenness) all correlated poorly to the measured vegetation cover because of the excess spectral noise caused by the high iron oxide content in the Kalahari sand. Local perspectives and knowledge have potential to augment traditional ground-based rangeland assessment and contribute in the combat against desertification by offering a more holistic view of land management.
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Ndou, Portia. "Socio-economic impact of the participatory and conventionally implemented irrigation and livestock development projects: a case of Beitbridge and Mberengwa Districts of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/82.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of participatory and conventional approaches to livestock and irrigation project implementation in Zimbabwe’s Beitbridge and Mberengwa districts. The conventional livestock projects performed better than the participatory. Despite the breed for the participatory livestock projects being unsuitable for the environment, the farmers failed to utilize the drugs and surplus funding set aside for replacement of dead cattle. Farmer training was found to be of paramount importance in the establishment of the livestock projects in spite of the participatory approach used for the implementation of the projects. Also the technical backup and support for the livestock project beneficiaries is important to ensure early rectification of problems that may affect the smooth running of the projects as well as an opportunity to introduce new technical advice to boost production. Livestock projects take long period of time to establish, i.e. for the financial turn over to be realized. It takes long time for farmers in these projects to make investments from the proceeds of the livestock projects. For this reason, there is need for the number of beneficiaries for each pass-on livestock project to take into account the number of beasts at project establishment and also the number per each beneficiary group. However, the projects should still be encouraged as they will take full operation at a later stage and be of benefit to the rural disadvantaged who cannot access other means to own cattle, which in turn play a pivotal role in crop production (through draft power, manure provision) and cash earnings that indirectly ensures food security. Regardless of approach used, livestock projects should be strongly supported because the districts under study are prone to poor crop production and hence the cattle can be a source of income and food. Participatory irrigation projects performed better than the conventionally implemented, despite their small hectarages. This proved that farmer participation can greatly improve the efficiency of development work and eliminate many of the problems regarding proprietorship and enhance development activities at community level. Conventional irrigation projects were plagued by problems of mismanagement and theft as was reflected by poor performance and malfunction of the conventional Chingechuru and Chimwe-Chegato irrigation schemes. Fencing theft atChingechuru irrigation scheme had brought it to a stand still. However, the larger incomes associated with the conventionally implemented irrigation projects were the result of the larger areas under cropping for these projects. Production levels in participatory irrigation schemes were good. Adoption of most technical innovations in livestock projects was found to be associated with the conventional approach. Asset procurement was a function of the farmer’s accessibility to non-project income, like formal employment, and procurement of specific assets applied more to project type than the approach to project implementation. This study found that the approach used in implementation had a greater influence on the performance of irrigation projects than livestock projects.
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Lyshall, Linda. "Collaboration and Climate Action at the Local Scale." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1303754240.
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Silva, Ubirajara Patricio Alvares da. "Análise da importância da questão participativa dos recursos hídricos no Ceará: um estudo de caso." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2004. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/16713.
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SILVA, Ubirajara Patricio Alvares da. Análise da importância da questão participativa dos recursos hídricos no Ceará: um estudo de caso. 2004. 246 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2004Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-05-11T12:32:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_upasilva.pdf: 2230377 bytes, checksum: 062229146ac3329959265dc563a625d8 (MD5)
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The water is a renewable natural resource, basic for the life in the planet, presenting the characteristic to be always in movement in its hydrologic cycle. The current situation of ambient crisis in the world has contributed strong for the increase of the scarcity of the water. The increase of the demand and the conflicts for the use of the water places the necessity of the management participatory of the water resources, understanding the water public property. This research aims at to analyze the importance of the management participatory of the water resources in the Ceará, and of that it forms the implementation of the State Water Resources Policy contributes in the process of allocation and conservation of the water, for the sustainable development in the Water Basin of the Curu. This analysis approaches the question ambient; the principles and models water management; the development institutional for the water management; the relative aspects to the management participatory of the water and the performance of the water basin committee of the Curu. Given the complexity of the subject, is essential an interdisciplinary approaches, for the necessity to argue the some elements that if interpose in the understanding of the ambient question and the water resources. For this it is necessary to contemplate the aspects of the totality and historic. Interviews had been carried through, with the members of the water basin committee of the Curu and also the presidents of the public agencies of the management system: COGERH, SOHIDRA and FUNCEME. The water management, understood while a public policy, must have as basic principle the participation accomplishes of the society in the planning and deliberation concerning its use and conservation, which had to be an element essential the life and to be public property, whose allocation must socially be joust, ecologic sustainable and economically viable, being party to suit of sustainable development. During the development of the research searched to work a bigger agreement and definition of concepts keys that we consider important, such as: Society/Nature, Ambient Management, Sustainable Development, Management of the Resources water and Social Participation.
A água é um recurso natural renovável, fundamental a vida no planeta, apresentando a característica de estar sempre em movimento no seu ciclo hidrológico. A atual situação de crise ambiental no mundo tem contribuído fortemente para o aumento da escassez da água. O crescente aumento da demanda e dos conflitos pelo uso da água coloca a necessidade da gestão participativa dos recursos hídricos, entendendo a água enquanto um bem de domínio público. Esta pesquisa analisou a importância da gestão participativa dos recursos hídricos no Ceará, e de que forma a implementação da Política Estadual dos Recursos Hídricos contribui no processo de alocação e conservação da água, para o desenvolvimento sustentável na Bacia Hidrográfica do Curu. Esta análise aborda a questão ambiental; os princípios e modelos de gestão da água; o desenvolvimento do arcabouço institucional para a gestão de recursos hídricos; os aspectos relativos à gestão participativa da água e a atuação do Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Curu. Dada a complexidade do tema, foi imprescindível uma abordagem interdisciplinar, pela necessidade de discutir os vários elementos que se interpõem na compreensão da questão ambiental e dos recursos hídricos. Para isso contemplou-se os aspectos da totalidade e históricos. Foram realizadas entrevistas, com os membros do Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Curu e também os presidentes dos órgãos públicos do sistema de gestão: COGERH, SOHIDRA e FUNCEME. A Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos, entendida enquanto uma política pública, deve ter como princípio fundamental a participação efetiva da sociedade no planejamento e deliberação acerca do seu uso e conservação, devido a ser um elemento essencial a vida e ser um bem de domínio público, cuja alocação deve ser socialmente justa, ecologicamente sustentável e economicamente viável, fazendo parte do processo de desenvolvimento sustentável. Durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa buscou-se trabalhar um maior entendimento e definição de conceitos chaves que consideramos importante, tais como: Sociedade/Natureza, Gestão Ambiental, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos e Participação Social.
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Evans, Carol Jo. "“EVERYDAY SYMBOLS FOR MEDIATION” CONFLICT AND COOPERATION OVER THE MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES WITHIN THE BIG SOUTH FORK NATIONAL RIVER AND RECREATION AREA." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/16.
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Utilizing quantitative and qualitative methods, this in-depth ethnographic study of the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (BSFNRRA) examines social conflict and resistance stemming from competing values, definitions, and concerns over the management of cultural and natural resources within the region. The timing of this project is fortuitous for the National Park Service (NPS) has completed the creation of a ten year General Management Plan. Thus, we are provided with an opportunity to study and analyze the policy and methodology that park officials are required to follow in creating a management plan and eliciting public participation.
The first goal of this study is to ascertain how the establishment of the BSFNRRA has altered local communities: (1) means of access to the area and (2) uses of resources within
the area. Several questions will be asked and probed for answers. What happens to the meanings of the land and places on the land (such as a family cemetery) when the land is transformed from private to public ownership and is managed by a government agency for the benefit of preservation or recreation? How have residents been affected by and adapted to this transformation?
The second goal is to probe the complex relationships and identify sources of conflict, resistance, and cooperation between community residents, NPS employees, and special interest groups. Essential questions arise and must be addressed. How are conflict, resistance, and cooperation demonstrated?
The third goal is to delineate what measures can be taken to lessen conflict or resistance and promote cooperation? Since resistance often manifests itself in not participating in public meetings pertaining to the BSFNRRA, what measures can be taken to promote public participation?
In conclusion, this study will draw clear and concise recommendations towards diminishing conflict between local residents and the NPS, along with recommendations on increasing public participation in the creation of policy pertaining to the management of public land. In addition to the applied aspect of this project, this study contributes to the body of theory by building on the mentalist paradigm of symbolic interactionism and the materialist paradigms of conflict and resistance theory.
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Ageng, Pandu SW. "Jeneberang River Basin Management Capacity : Establishing of a Public Corporate in South Sulawesi Province in INDONESIA." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32670.
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A multi purpose dam called Bili bili have been built in Jeneberang river basin in easternIndonesia in 1999 and providing water available to all customers. In 2004 a landslide occurredand impact to the quality of raw water, especially the amount of turbidity, dramaticallyincreased. Landslide problems started with high sedimentation rates to water infrastructures.Technically the lifetime of Bili bili multi purpose dam and reservoirs will be shorter thanplanned. In contrast, we understand and agreed that sustainable development and ensuring thecurrent use of a water resource as well as a dam should compromise its use by future generation.To reach progress in sustainability we need to establish governance structures and practices thatcan foster, guide and coordinated positive work by a host of actors on a complex of issues.Today, Indonesian Central Government is planning to establish a public corporate participationto comprehensive water resources management in eastern Indonesia. The important significant ofstakeholders in order to develop comprehensive approaches, are water agencies: regional andlocal water institution that will manage catchments areas, water infrastructures and water utilitiesas provider of drinking water to municipalities. They will be acquainted to the water and waterinstitutional capacity problems. This research examines both the current impacts on and potential future for water management ineastern Indonesia. One of the objectives of this research will be to described the current of waterresource organization, which is related to establishing of a public corporate, not onlystakeholders involvement; management and organization; but also finances and investments;operation; distribution; regulation and policy. One objective of this research will be measured byconducting interactive interviews and dialogue with the representatives of the stakeholders. Thelast objective is evaluating the Human Resources Development performances of water resourcesmanagement by a series of workshops. Additionally, some recommendations for a future watersupply system will be provided as an input for the government and local authority in order toimprove the capacity and water resources management in eastern Indonesia. The results conclude that to meet the Millennium Development Goals, the establishment of apublic corporate for supporting Indonesia’s process of decentralization is necessary where thelocal level include customers can be a much more dynamic interaction between providers ofservices and water users. A participatory method is useful to raise problems, so while the CentralGovernment can mandate a minimum service standard and the achievements of these standardscan be monitored directly at the local level. Accountability of water resources development should be considered as a vehicle when aproblem occurs with insufficiency of the existing water facilities and a big demand of waterpurposes.www.ima.kth.se
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Silva, Ubirajara Patricio Alvares da. "AnÃlise da importÃncia da questÃo participativa dos recursos hÃdricos no CearÃ: um estudo de caso." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1635.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoA Ãgua à um recurso natural renovÃvel, fundamental a vida no planeta, apresentando a caracterÃstica de estar sempre em movimento no seu ciclo hidrolÃgico. A atual situaÃÃo de crise ambiental no mundo tem contribuÃdo fortemente para o aumento da escassez da Ãgua. O crescente aumento da demanda e dos conflitos pelo uso da Ãgua coloca a necessidade da gestÃo participativa dos recursos hÃdricos, entendendo a Ãgua enquanto um bem de domÃnio pÃblico. Esta pesquisa analisou a importÃncia da gestÃo participativa dos recursos hÃdricos no CearÃ, e de que forma a implementaÃÃo da PolÃtica Estadual dos Recursos HÃdricos contribui no processo de alocaÃÃo e conservaÃÃo da Ãgua, para o desenvolvimento sustentÃvel na Bacia HidrogrÃfica do Curu. Esta anÃlise aborda a questÃo ambiental; os princÃpios e modelos de gestÃo da Ãgua; o desenvolvimento do arcabouÃo institucional para a gestÃo de recursos hÃdricos; os aspectos relativos à gestÃo participativa da Ãgua e a atuaÃÃo do Comità da Bacia HidrogrÃfica do Curu. Dada a complexidade do tema, foi imprescindÃvel uma abordagem interdisciplinar, pela necessidade de discutir os vÃrios elementos que se interpÃem na compreensÃo da questÃo ambiental e dos recursos hÃdricos. Para isso contemplou-se os aspectos da totalidade e histÃricos. Foram realizadas entrevistas, com os membros do Comità da Bacia HidrogrÃfica do Curu e tambÃm os presidentes dos ÃrgÃos pÃblicos do sistema de gestÃo: COGERH, SOHIDRA e FUNCEME. A GestÃo dos Recursos HÃdricos, entendida enquanto uma polÃtica pÃblica, deve ter como princÃpio fundamental a participaÃÃo efetiva da sociedade no planejamento e deliberaÃÃo acerca do seu uso e conservaÃÃo, devido a ser um elemento essencial a vida e ser um bem de domÃnio pÃblico, cuja alocaÃÃo deve ser socialmente justa, ecologicamente sustentÃvel e economicamente viÃvel, fazendo parte do processo de desenvolvimento sustentÃvel. Durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa buscou-se trabalhar um maior entendimento e definiÃÃo de conceitos chaves que consideramos importante, tais como: Sociedade/Natureza, GestÃo Ambiental, Desenvolvimento SustentÃvel, GestÃo dos Recursos HÃdricos e ParticipaÃÃo Social.
The water is a renewable natural resource, basic for the life in the planet, presenting the characteristic to be always in movement in its hydrologic cycle. The current situation of ambient crisis in the world has contributed strong for the increase of the scarcity of the water. The increase of the demand and the conflicts for the use of the water places the necessity of the management participatory of the water resources, understanding the water public property. This research aims at to analyze the importance of the management participatory of the water resources in the CearÃ, and of that it forms the implementation of the State Water Resources Policy contributes in the process of allocation and conservation of the water, for the sustainable development in the Water Basin of the Curu. This analysis approaches the question ambient; the principles and models water management; the development institutional for the water management; the relative aspects to the management participatory of the water and the performance of the water basin committee of the Curu. Given the complexity of the subject, is essential an interdisciplinary approaches, for the necessity to argue the some elements that if interpose in the understanding of the ambient question and the water resources. For this it is necessary to contemplate the aspects of the totality and historic. Interviews had been carried through, with the members of the water basin committee of the Curu and also the presidents of the public agencies of the management system: COGERH, SOHIDRA and FUNCEME. The water management, understood while a public policy, must have as basic principle the participation accomplishes of the society in the planning and deliberation concerning its use and conservation, which had to be an element essential the life and to be public property, whose allocation must socially be joust, ecologic sustainable and economically viable, being party to suit of sustainable development. During the development of the research searched to work a bigger agreement and definition of concepts keys that we consider important, such as: Society/Nature, Ambient Management, Sustainable Development, Management of the Resources water and Social Participation.
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Freitas, Maria Isabel Alves de. "Sub-bacia do Alto Piranhas, Sertão paraibano: percepção ambiental e perspectivas na gestão dos recursos hídricos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4526.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-23Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The Water Resources Management can be defined as the set of actions aimed at regulating the use, control and protection of water resources in accordance with relevant legislation and standards. Proper management of water resources becomes even more necessary in semiarid regions, which present peculiarities as the occurrence of irregular rainfall and high evaporation rates that affect the regime of rivers, affecting water availability in these areas. This study aimed to analyze the environmental aspects in communities within the river basin of the High Piranhas, in the backlands of Paraiba, order to provide insight in proposing programs to manage water resources in the region. The present study sought to analyze the environmental aspects in communities within the river basin of the Alto Piranhas in the Sertão of Paraíba, aiming to contribute subsidies to propose programs for managing water resources in the region. For the study, we used the theoretical and methodological assumptions of qualitative research as having methodological orientation Phenomenology. The techniques of data collection were participant observation and semistructured interviews. The research revealed a strong emotional attachment and dependence among social actors, their respective communities and water reserves present in them. Regarding the actions of administrative agencies, they showed up without a specific character continuous work and do not integrate the various social, economic and political problems inherent environmental. There is an interaction between the spheres of government, each level of government works individually, without a partnership or a dialogue between them. Regarding the study of environmental perception of the social actors involved, this helped in understanding the forms of natural resource use, conducted in communities. Thus, from the analysis of these interrelationships within the sub-basin of the Alto Piranhas was possible to list strategic actions, which may contribute to better management of water resources in the area. It is believed that this study contributed to the theoretical discussion of participatory management of water resources in the sertão of Paraiba. It is expected therefore that the information contained in this work will provide insight for future management plans consistent with local realities.
A Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos pode ser definida como o conjunto de ações destinadas a regular o uso, o controle e a proteção dos recursos hídricos, em conformidade com a legislação e normas pertinentes. O gerenciamento adequado das reservas hídricas torna-se ainda mais necessário nas regiões semiáridas, as quais apresentam peculiaridades como a ocorrência de chuvas irregulares e elevadas taxas de evaporação que interferem no regime dos rios, comprometendo a disponibilidade de água nessas áreas. O presente trabalho buscou analisar os aspectos socioambientais em comunidades inseridas na região hidrográfica do Alto Piranhas, no sertão paraibano, visando contribuir com subsídios para proposição de programas de gestão dos recursos hídricos na região. Para o estudo, utilizou-se dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da pesquisa qualitativa tendo como orientação metodológica a Fenomenologia. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram a observação participante e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A pesquisa revelou uma forte ligação afetiva e de dependência entre os atores sociais, suas respectivas comunidades e as reservas hídricas presentes nelas. No tocante à ação dos órgãos gestores, estas apresentaram-se pontuais sem um caráter contínuo de atuação bem como não integram os vários aspectos sociais, econômicos e políticos inerentes aos problemas ambientais. Não há uma interação entre as esferas governamentais, cada nível do poder público trabalha individualmente, não havendo uma parceria nem um diálogo entre os mesmos. No que tange o estudo da percepção ambiental dos atores sociais envolvidos, este auxiliou na compreensão das formas de uso dos recursos naturais, realizadas nas comunidades. Assim, a partir da análise dessas inter-relações, dentro da sub-bacia do Alto Piranhas, foi possível elencar ações estratégicas, as quais poderão colaborar para um melhor gerenciamento das reservas hídricas da área. Acredita-se que esse estudo contribuiu com a discussão teórica a respeito da gestão participativa dos recursos hídricos no sertão paraibano. Espera-se, portanto, que as informações contidas nesse trabalho venham subsidiar futuros planos de gestão compatíveis com a realidade local.
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Da, Conceicao Ana Maria Romao Wamir. "Government environmental education programmes and campaigns (EEPCs) in Mozambique : the role of indigenous knowledge and practices." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28346.
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Faced with dynamic and rapidly deteriorating environmental conditions, the government of Mozambique has embarked on environmental education programmes and campaigns (EEPCs) as a strategy for natural resource management and environmental conservation. However, there is increasing evidence to suggest that the implementation of these EEPCs in local communities are often lacking when it comes to community participation and contribution. The latter has often been cited as a major reason for the limited success of such EEPCs. To date there is little research work that explores the issues on the integration of local community Knowledge and practices, and community reactions to such environmental education programmes and campaigns anywhere in the world. Mozambique, a developing country in Africa, is no exception to this trend of ignorance. This research investigated the extent to which local knowledge and practices are integrated into The EEPCs that are implemented by the government of Mozambique. The focus was on the local community’s perceptions, engagements and reactions to the EEPCs. The study was conducted in four districts of the Nampula province in Northern Mozambique. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, documentary analysis and non-participant observations. The findings of the study showed that there is a lack of substantial involvement by the local community in all stages of the development process of the EEPCs. Furthermore, the study found evidence of partial and /or unsuccessful implementation of the projects in all four communities studied. The research concluded by arguing that without such active involvement of the local people in planning, designing, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and decision-making processes of EEPCs, the frustrations of government officials and the lack of substantial implementation of the projects in the communities that were studied should not have come as a surprise.Dissertation (MEd (Curriculum and Instructional Design and Development))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Curriculum Studies
MEd
unrestricted
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Glaas, Erik. "Decentralised Management and Community Participation : A Minor Field Study about Irrigation and Communication in Central India." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9059.
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India and many other developing countries confront serious problems of declining water tables. In India there is no real water shortage, but ineffective use of surface water leads to freshwater run-off. By building dams and irrigation water systems the Indian government has been trying to find a more effective use of surface water and thereby increase the agricultural productivity. But mismanagement of irrigation systems by local governments called for alternative management techniques, and during the last decades the central Indian government has been trying to decentralise management and governance of irrigation water to local water users. This Minor Field Study (MFS) focuses on a local implementation of Participatory Irrigation Management in the Indian state Madhya Pradesh. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the way the local government handles the decentralisation of irrigation water management, by identify and illuminate communication channels. The thesis is built on the basic idea that functioning environmental communication is the key to reach a functioning decentralised and sustainable water management. Interviews with local government officials, citizens of a local village, and staff from a locally involved NGO within a case study constitute most of the empirical data. Theories of decentralisation of natural resource management, community participation, communication, and NGO cooperation are presented. With starting point in the empirical material and the presented theories has way the local government handles the decentralisation process, and the role of the locally involved NGO, been analysed. The study shows shortcomings in: education of stakeholders, communication training among government officials, trust in the capability of local water users, and communication between stakeholders. The study also enlighten the government officials fear of losing political power, the NGOs role as communication channel, and the formation of locally rooted organisations.
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Saunders, Fred. "The Politics of People - Not Just Mangroves and Monkeys : A study of the theory and practice of community-based management of natural resources in Zanzibar." Doctoral thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-11566.
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Community-based management of natural resource (CBNRM) projects have commonly failed to deliver conservation and development benefits. This thesis examined how the theoretical assumptions of common pool resource (CPR) theory have contributed to the indifferent performance of CBNRM projects. Evidence was gathered from two CBNRM case studies in Zanzibar to show that CPR institutional design does not sufficiently acknowledge the politics or social relations of project sites. Moreover, these limitations reduce CPR theory's explanatory power and the functionality of CBNRM projects. This is because CPR theory's influence on CBNRM projects is to frame people with fixed identities and related interests as 'rational resource users', rather than people enrolled in multiple network relations with differentiated means of influence, interests and responsibilities. Actor-oriented theory is used to show that CBNRM would benefit from a shift in the correlation with institutional design factors to understanding the operation of power and conflict at project sites. These findings suggest that currently CBNRM projects are too mired in concern about regulating the 'direct' relationship between resource users and conservation objectives, with problematic implications. It is shown that actor-oriented theory is more sensitive to the different capacities, interests and strategies of actors in CBNRM institutional transformation processes. While actor-oriented theory does not offer a parsimonious or predictive theory to reform CPR theory or CBNRM policy, it can provide insights into pre-project conditions and emergent practice useful for explaining project interventions.
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Schmidt, Marcus Vinícius Chamon. "Etnosilvicultura Kaiabi no Parque Indígena do Xingu: subsídios ao manejo de recursos florestais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-01022017-125404/.
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Os índios Kaiabí representam, dentre as etnias que habitam o interior do Parque Indígena do Xingu-MT (PIX), a mais populosa. Sua estratégia de utilização do ambiente constitui-se no uso múltiplo de recursos florestais e na complementariedade ecológica, obtendo uma diversificação da produtividade à um baixo impacto ambiental. Na busca de novas propostas de desenvolvimento, as alternativas deverão contemplar as necessidades econômicas, a permanência da estrutura social politica e cultural e as potencialidades ecológicas de sua área tradicional, considerando as suas próprias prioridades. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar m mapeamento participativo de recursos florestais utilizados tradicionalmente pela população. Foram utilizados métodos de levantamento qualitativo e quantitativo, para a caracterização do ambiente natural por esta comunidade, em ecozonas, tipos florestais, usos das espécies vegetais (categorias êmicas), bem como as formas de manipulação e manejo do ambiente. Estes dados etnobotânicos serão relacionados com os métodos de classificação do ambiente utilizados nas pesquisas convencionais (categorias éticas), como imagens de satélite, mapas de vegetação, a identificação e quantificação de espécies potenciais para o manejo de recursos florestais. Os resultados deverão indicar capacidade produtiva deste ecossistema indicando as espécies com potencial para um manejo florestal apropriado em termos sócio-ambiental.Among the living ethnic groups in the Xingu Indigenous Park (PIX), the Kayabi Indians are the most populous in this forest reserve. Their environmental use strategies are the forest resource multiple use and the ecological complementary. These strategies allow the productivity diversification and low environmental impact. However, new development proposals will have to consider alternatives that are able to enhance the economical necessities, the permanency of the social, political and cultural structures and the ecological potentialities of their traditional area, according to their priorities. The objective of this research was to carry out a participative mapping survey in relation to the forestry resources traditionally used by the population. The characterization of the natural environment by this community will be accomplished by qualitative and quantitative survey methods, in ecozones, forestry types, vegetal species uses (emic categories), as well as the manipulation ways and environmental management. These ethnobotanical data will be related to the environmental classification methods used by conventional researches (ethic categories), as satellite images, vegetation map, the identification and quantification of the potential species for the forestry resources management. The productive capacity of this ecosystem and the species with potential for suitable forestry management in relation to the social and environmental aspects will be indicated by the results.
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Assis, Laís Cristina Álvares Rodrigues. "Instituições acadêmicas no Conselho Gestor da Área de Proteção Ambiental Marinha do Litoral Centro do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100134/tde-08122015-092947/.
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Este estudo de caso teve como objetivo avaliar o conteúdo da participação dos diversos atores componentes do Conselho Gestor da Área de Proteção Ambiental Marinha do Litoral Centro do Estado de São Paulo (APAMLC). Para isso foi caracterizada a participação politica, a atuação das instituições acadêmicas e utilização do conhecimento na gestão da APAMLC. A análise de conteúdo é utilizada como metodologia para levantamento de dados, a partir da análise das atas das reuniões do Conselho Gestor; entrevistas e observação direta das reuniões. A representatividade e a mediação foram os fatores que mais contribuíram para eficiência da atuação do Conselho Gestor na gestão participativa da APAMLC. A atuação das instituições acadêmicas foi maior no sentido de educar e comunicar, havendo demandas da gestão para o compartilhamento de dados, desenvolvimento de pesquisas e parcerias futuras para projetos de educação comunitária. Os conhecimentos tradicional e científico são complementares na gestão da APAMLC e o diálogo é a principal ferramenta para gestão compartilhada dos recursos marinhos. Parcerias de longa duração para elaboração de uma plataforma colaborativa de dados via web é o principal desafio que esta pesquisa identificou, para o aprimoramento da gestão participativa da APAMLCThis case study aims to evaluate the participation content of the various components actors of the Environmental Protection Area of Coastal Marine Center of the State of São Paulo Managing Board (APAMLC). For this, we featured the political participation, the role of academic institutions and use of knowledge in managing APAMLC. Content analysis is used as a methodology for data collection, based on the analysis of the minutes of the Management Board meetings, interviews and direct observation of the meetings. The representation and mediation were the factors that contributed most to the efficiency performance of the Managing Board in participatory management APAMLC. The role of academic institutions was higher towards educating and communicating, with claims management for data sharing, research development and future partnerships for community education projects. Traditional and scientific knowledge are complementary in the management of APAMLC and dialogue is the main tool for management of shared marine resources. A long-term partnership for developing a collaborative data platform via web is the main challenge that this research identified for the enhancement of participatory management APAMLC
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Fubusa, Yared J. "Conservation from the Bottom-Up: Human, Financial, and Natural Capital as Determinants of Resilient Livelihoods in Kigoma Rural, Tanzania." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/806.
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Rhetoric of "community-based conservation" has gained prominence among development specialists and environmentalists, yet such projects are often implemented from the top-down in Africa. This dissertation contends that only a bottom-up approach can foster resilient livelihoods and environmental stewardship. This study focused on determinants of household resilience within a poverty-stricken agricultural community near Gombe Stream National Park (GSNP) in western Tanzania. The research purpose was to explore: 1) relationships between villagers and GSNP management; 2) how groups and individuals view priority livelihood problems and solutions; 3) various attributes of households; and 4) perceived trends for household resilience and how these are related to natural, social, human, and financial capital as per the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF). A mixed-methods approach provided qualitative and quantitative assessments. Data collection consisted of Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and household surveys. The RRA was conducted adjacent to GSNP while other work was implemented over a larger area. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi square, and logistic regression. Regression examined relationships between trends in resilience variables (quality of life or ability to solve problems) versus trends in capital. Results from the RRA indicated high polarization and problems between villagers and GSNP management. A more complex picture, however, emerged from subsequent investigations revealing that the most important issues facing local communities were inadequate public services, ineffective leadership, and development isolation. This situation was exacerbated by population growth, poverty, and environmental decline. Regression results identified lack of income, manual labor, and skills and knowledge as factors undermining household resilience. Other data indicated a need for improving farming systems. In conclusion, while all forms of capital mattered to resilience, human and financial were most lacking. Knowledge of such variation strengthens future applications of the SLF. Practical implications include how an indigenous educational institution, the Gombe School of Environment and Society (GOSESO), could operate in the area. The GOSESO needs to adopt a bottom-up, participatory approach that emphasizes capacity building for poverty reduction and conservation. This could allow for broader goals of economic and cultural vitality, as well as environmental stewardship, to be achieved.
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Prota, Mariza Guimarães. "Análise do processo participativo na gestão dos recursos hídricos no Estado de São Paulo: um estudo de caso do Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Tietê - Jacaré." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-18042012-090142/.
Full textAbstract:
O modelo atual de gestão dos recursos hídricos no Brasil é descentralizado, participativo e integrado, e tem como unidade de planejamento a bacia hidrográfica. Baseia-se na atuação de comitês de bacia, sendo que cada comitê possui composição e regras de funcionamento próprias, regidas por seu estatuto. Os princípios básicos desta gestão foram ditados pela Constituição Brasileira de 1988 e detalhados pela Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, instituída por meio da Lei Federal nº 9433/97. Porém, já em 1991, São Paulo promulgou sua Política Estadual de Recursos Hídricos, através da Lei Estadual nº 7663/91, que também prevê a implementação de instrumentos de gestão. Atualmente, decorridos quase 20 anos da promulgação da lei estadual, críticas são feitas a este modelo de gestão. Esta pesquisa analisou o processo de participação nos comitês de bacia do Estado de São Paulo por meio de um estudo de caso no Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Tietê Jacaré, adotando como metodologia a aplicação de questionários aos seus membros da gestão 2009 - 2011. Os resultados encontrados, além de apontar para a necessidade de revisão do estatuto deste comitê, evidenciaram as distorções causadas pelas divergências entre a legislação estadual e a federal, principalmente quanto aos segmentos participantes e atores envolvidos. Mostraram também a necessidade de uma maior divulgação das questões de recursos hídricos nesta bacia e no Estado de São Paulo, como um todoThe current model of water resources management in Brazil is decentralized, participative and integrated, and adopted the river basin as a planning unit. Its based on the performance of basin committees; each Committee has its own composition and rules of procedure, governed by its statute. The basic principles of this management have been established by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and detailed by the National Water Resources Policy, established by Federal Law nº. 9433/97. However, already in 1991, São Paulo State promulgated its Water Resources Policy, through State Law nº. 7663/91, which also provides for the implementation of management instruments. Nowadays, after almost 20 years of the enactment of State law, comments about this water resources management model have been made. This research examined the participatory process in basin committees of the São Paulo State through a case study in the Tiete - Jacare Basin Committee, based on the application of questionnaires to the Committees members. The interviews results have pointed that the Committees statute need to be reviewed, and showed the differences between the Federal and the State legislations, mainly regarding the participating sectors and representatives involved. They also showed that a greater disclosure of water resource issues in this basin and in the State of São Paulo, as a whole, is necessary