Dissertations / Theses: 'Participatory processes'

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Cretney, Alison, Steven Cretney, and Tracy Meisterheim. "Integrating Participatory Processes in Planning for Strategic Sustainable Development." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4223.

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This thesis examines how dialogue-based methodologies can be integrated into a participatory planning process for strategic sustainable development. Evidence of the complex nature of the sustainability challenge is cited as necessitating tools and methodologies suited for dealing with complexity. The methodologies in this study were designed to use dialogue to address complex problems in which outcomes are unpredictable. Within the sustainability practitioner community, we identified a need for research on systematic guidance for pairing engagement processes with use of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD). This research focuses on how a specific set of dialogue-based methodologies within the Art of Hosting network can be integrated with the FSSD to strengthen the linkage between content and process. As the culmination of our research, we have developed The Weave: Participatory Process Design Guide for Strategic Sustainable Development (www.theweave.info). It includes a Template for process design, suggestions and examples for use, and guiding principles. It is the first prototype of participatory process design guidance to be offered for pilot testing in the field of strategic sustainable development.

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2

Brown, Julia Catherine. "Participatory Processes and Outcomes of South Africa's Water Reforms." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509050.

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Pollastri, Serena. "Visual conversations on urban futures : understanding participatory processes and artefacts." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/88214/.

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Visualisations of future cities contribute to our social imaginary. They can, and have been used as speculative objects for imagining new possible ways of living as communities (Dunn et al., 2014). However, future cities are usually represented through coherent scenarios that only tell one story (or one version of it), and rarely express the complexity of urban life. How can the diversity that characterises the city be represented in visions of the future that give voice to different, diverging ways of living and experiencing it? How do these visualisations contribute to inclusive design and research actions aimed at envisioning, prototyping, and reflecting on possible scenarios for liveable cities? My research focuses on ways of visualising possibilities for life in future cities that include and valorise plurality and agonism (DiSalvo, 2010), rather than present (as usually happens) only one story. For a lack of existing terminology, I am calling this approach “Visual Conversations on Urban Futures” (VCUF).Although there are no definitions or structured descriptions of VCUF, some prototypes can be found in design, art, and architecture. These examples show the great variety of methods and media that can be adopted in participatory processes of imagining futures cities. As a designer, I have chosen to adopt an action-research methodology (Kock, 2012; Rust, Mottram, & Till, 2007) to conduct, document, and reflect on a series of design experiments (Eriksen & Bang, 2013) that enhance my understanding of what it means to make pluralism explicit when producing visions of urban futures. The four main design experiments that I have undertaken are:-Living in the city. A first experiment in visualising future urban scenarios from a collaboratively written text.-Envisioning Urban Futures. Speculative Co-design practices: designing spaces for imaginary explorations and mapping them in an Atlas that makes visions readable and explorable-Sharing Cities. Conducting situated conversations on the relationship between social practices and urban futures: co-creating scenarios of sharing cities.-Birmingham Parks Summit. Visions designed to be unpacked, reworked, and developed into actions. The main contribution of my research is the proposal of a set of design principles, including a definition of the design space of VCUF. The design space outlined in the dissertation is a framework that can be used both as an analytical lens (to understand existing processes and artefacts of VCUF) as well as a design tool. Visual Conversations on Urban Futures could offer a significant contribution to the early stages of scenario building processes for possible futures. Manzini and Coad (2015) describe scenarios as “communicative artifacts produced to further the social conversation about what to do”. This way of imagining futures is ultimately about building alternatives to the dominant order by “making possible what appear(s) to be impossible” (Lefebvre, 1970, cited in Buckley & Violeau, 2011).While in times of urgent change seeking clarity and agreement might seem a much preferable route, I argue that articulating divergence is a necessary step to explore truly radical solutions. Stepping back from a solution-oriented approach allows us to visualise and better understand underlying tensions, and to critically question assumptions about what futures are or should be desirable.

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Saati, Abrak. "The Participation Myth : outcomes of participatory constitution building processes on democracy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102719.

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Since the early 1990s a growing number of constitution building processes in countries transitioning from authoritarian rule or recovering from war or severe institutional crisis have involved public participation. This increase stems from an assumption made by many peacebuilding scholars and practitioners that public participation in constitution building will lead to higher levels of democracy. This assumption has not, however, been the subject of systematic or comprehensive analysis. Therefore, the overarching purpose of this thesis is to scrutinize the participation-hypothesis - as it is referred to in this study. The study is a two-step investigation. The first part begins with an analysis of twenty cases of participatory constitution building that have occurred in post-conflict states, transitioning states and countries that have experienced a severe institutional crisis. In order to differentiate the cases in terms of how much influence participants were granted, an analytical framework is developed and the cases are categorized as either false, symbolic, limited, consultative or substantial participation. The participation-hypothesis is then empirically investigated by comparing democracy levels prior to and after the process for each of the 20 cases. In order to further test the hypothesis, cases of constitution making in which there was no public participation are then added to the investigation. These cases are included as a point of reference – the democratic outcome in this group is compared with the democratic outcome in the twenty participatory processes. The empirical results reveal that there is no relationship between public participation in constitution building processes and higher levels of democracy. On the contrary, some cases that involved considerable influence for participants have not experienced improved levels of democracy, while cases with low levels of influence for participants have shown democratic improvement. Moreover, a majority of cases of constitution making without public participation have also experienced increases in their democracy scores. Therefore, the conclusion of the first part of the study is that the participation-hypothesis does not stand up to empirical scrutiny. Particularly challenging for the participation-hypothesis is the fact that the analysis in part one shows that similar participatory processes have been followed by democratic improvement in some countries and democratic decline in others. Two such cases are Kenya and Zimbabwe. While democracy levels have increased in Kenya since the conclusion of the process, they have steadily declined in Zimbabwe. In the second part of the study, these two countries are therefore the object of intense, systematic and comparative scrutiny in order to explore factors beyond participation in constitution building that might explain the different trajectories of democracy. The comparison shows that the actions of political elites – in particular their ability to cooperate with each other – is the major explanation as to why the two wind up on different paths. The importance of elite cooperation is well-established in the democratization literature. One major conclusion of this study is therefore that the participation-hypothesis needs to be informed by insights drawn from this literature.

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MacCallum, Susan Diana. "When experts disagree: discourse dynamics in participatory planning." Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1496.

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The once dominant view of planning as the discovery of an objective 'public good' has been challenged over the last several decades. Radical uncertainty, social diversity, technological change and popular mistrust of traditional government underlie growing calls for more open and flexible governance processes. In order to reclaim some public legitimacy for their actions, governments and public agencies have responded by creating spaces for stakeholder input to policy making.This thesis is concerned with the often uneasy interaction between stakeholders and bureaucracies in these evolving spaces. Specifically, it focuses on one model of participation that has become fairly standard in Australian planning - the delegation of bureaucratic decisions to 'community-based' committees. The enquiry described in the thesis is grounded in case studies of two such committees, both charged with developing strategic responses to land use conflicts in regional (non-metropolitan) Australia.The analysis proceeds from an institutionalist perspective, treating participatory processes not only as fora to resolve divergent opinions and values, but also as encounters between different 'cultural' frameworks, which continue to be actively constructed throughout. From this perspective, it examines the tensions arising within the case studies between cultural practices - especially between bureaucratic and other ways of working - and the discursive means through which such tensions are, or are not, resolved. It also asks whether these means might represent a form of institutional capacity building.To these ends, the enquiry employs a combination of ethnographic, sociological and linguistic methods in an approach that can broadly be called 'critical discourse analysis'. In particular, it focuses on spoken and written texts - meetings, minutes and planning reports - treating these as the realisation of institutional discourses, with potential to reproduce and/or to reconstruct established values, relations and practices.There are three main findings. First, a traditional bureaucratic rationalism continues to permeate the performance of participatory planning, in constant tension with alternative practices brought to processes by 'stakeholder' participants, which can lead to persistent miscommunication. Second, in spite of this tension, participants can find ways of working together, reaching agreement and making progress even without first resolving underlying differences. Third, committees' newly constructed 'ways of working' represent a very uneven form of institutional capacity building - they are highly context-sensitive and create their own tensions between the needs of the moment and the overall aims of the planning process. As such, they do not translate comfortably to general norms or repertoires for acting; moreover, they may not be reified in such a way as to allow their 'travel' to other planning or governance arenas.

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Bozzi, Alberica Domitilla. "People for green infrastructure : Exploring participatory initiatives in Paris." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286254.

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Since the early 2000s, the city of Paris has launched several greening initiatives with the scope of, among many, strengthening its green infrastructure (henceforth, GI). With the support of the municipality, citizens actively participate in this transformation, for instance by reactivating and managing former wasteland sites, making the streets blossom, covering walls and roofs with plants and creating new micro-ecosystems. But what is their impact? Citizens engaged in selected participatory initiatives along the local GI have been questioned and interviewed to find out more about their projects. Citizens - either alone, in small groups, organised in local associations, start-ups or companies - act for different reasons and do not always know the concept of GI. Questionnaire respondents value their project first of all because it improves their living environment, but also because it facilitates reconnecting with nature and promotes biodiversity. However, their actions are not coordinated as to effectively reinforce GI. In other words, people’s projects spread everywhere and not particularly where they are most needed. Through the revision of local planning and policy documents, as well as interviews with key actors, this work also highlights contradictions between definition, strategies, maps and meanings of the GI in Paris. Some recommendations are provided to expand the ecological and public GI of today into a veritable multifunctional GI through multidisciplinary and participatory approaches.
Sedan början av 2000-talet har staden Paris startat flera grönskande initiativ med syfte attbland annat återinföra naturen i staden och stärka dess gröna infrastruktur (GI). Med kommunens stöd deltar medborgarna aktivt i denna omvandling, till exempel genom att återaktivera och gemensamt sköta tidigare ödemarker, få gatorna att blomma, täcka väggar och tak med växter och skapa nya mikroekosystem. Men vad är deras inverkan? Medborgare som deltar i utvalda deltagande initiativ längs den lokala GI har utfrågats och intervjuats för att ta reda på mer om sina projekt. Medborgare - antingen ensamma, i små grupper, organiserade i lokala föreningar, nystartade företag eller företag - agerar av olika skäl och känner inte alltid till begreppet grön infrastruktur. De som svarar på frågeformuläret värderar först sitt projekt eftersom det förbättrar deras livsmiljö, men också för att det underlättar återanslutning med naturen och främjar biologisk mångfald. Men deras handlingar samordnas inte för att effektivt stärka GI, eller delar av det. Med andra ord, människor som grönar projekt sprids överallt och inte särskilt där de behövs mest. Genom översynen av lokala planerings- och policydokument, samt intervjuer med nyckelaktörer, belyser detta arbete också motsägelser mellan GI-definition, strategier, kartor och betydelser. Vissa rekommendationer tillhandahålls för att utöka dagens ekologiska och offentliga GI till en verifierbar multifunktionell GI genom multidisciplinära och deltagande strategier.
Depuis le début des années 2000, la ville de Paris a lancé plusieurs initiatives de végétalisation pour réintroduire la nature dans la ville et renforcer ses trames vertes et bleues (TVB). Avec le soutien de la municipalité, les citoyens participent activement à cette transformation, par exemple en réactivant et en gérant d’anciennes friches, en faisant fleurir les rues, en recouvrant les murs et les toits de végétaux et en créant de nouveaux microécosystèmes. Mais quel est leur impact ? Les citoyens engagés dans des initiatives participatives sélectionnées le long de la TVB locale ont été interrogés et interviewés pour en savoir plus sur leurs projets. Les citoyens - seuls, en petits groupes, organisés en associations locales, start-up ou entreprises - agissent pour des raisons différentes et ne connaissent pas toujours le concept de TVB. Les répondants au questionnaire valorisent d’abord leur projet parce qu’il améliore leur cadre de vie, mais aussi parce qu’il facilite la reconnexion avec la nature et favorise la biodiversité. Cependant, leurs actions ne sont pas coordonnées pour renforcer efficacement les TVB. En d’autres termes, les projets de végétalisation des citoyens se répandent partout et pas particulièrement là où ils sont les plus nécessaires. À travers l’analyse des documents de planification locaux, ainsi que des entretiens avec des acteurs clés, ce travail met également en évidence les contradictions entre la définition, les stratégies, les cartes et les significations des TVB. Quelques recommandations sont formulées pour faire de la TVB écologique et publique d’aujourd’hui une véritable TVB multifonctionnelle à travers des approches multidisciplinaires et participatives.

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Kulozu, Neslihan. "socio-psychological Dimensions Of Participatory Processes: In The Case Of The Local Government And Ngo Cooperation In Participatory Democracy Project." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614823/index.pdf.

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The transformation of the planning paradigm from rational comprehensive planning to participatory planning is commonly explained by the shift from instrumental rationality to communicative rationality. Based on communicative rationality, participatory planning approach has its own assumptions. One of the assumptions and pre-conditions of the realization of participatory planning practices is consensus-building. However, because of context-dependency of participatory planning processes, building consensus at the same level within every unique context is not possible. Therefore, comparing the participatory processes in terms of their success, which is commonly evaluated with standard success criteria in the literature, cannot be proper to participatory planning approach. Moreover, for the present study, exploring the factors affecting the participatory processes with a critical approach to increase the realization chance of participatory practices is more important than evaluating their successes. Focusing on the factors, affecting the participatory planning processes at interactional and socio-cultural levels, the thesis study aims to explore the socio-psychological dimensions of participatory processes that hinder and/or enhance them. To do that, the study poses three main research questions: &lsquo
what are the socio-psychological dimensions of the participatory processes of Gazi, Kaymakli, Odunpazari and Seyrek?&rsquo
, &lsquo
how much do socio-psychological dimensions explain the success of participatory processes?&rsquo
and &lsquo
how do socio-psychological dimensions explain contextually different participatory processes?&rsquo
To respond to these questions, the study was designed as case study and intended to pursue exploratory and quasi-experimental research approaches. As a result of the study, the research questions were answered in the case of the &lsquo
Local Government and NGO Cooperation in Participatory Democracy&rsquo
project in the Turkish context.

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Shaw, Jacqueline. "Contextualising empowerment practice : negotiating the path to becoming using participatory video processes." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/400/.

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Participation and empowerment are major drivers of social policy, but participatory projects often happen within contested territory. This research interrogates the assumed participation-empowerment link through the example of participatory video. Fieldwork unpacks the particular approach of Real Time, an established UK project provider. Disrupting representational framing, the emergent relational processes catalysed were explored in context, to address not whether participatory video can increase participants’ influence, but how and in what circumstances. This thesis therefore builds more nuanced understanding of empowerment practice as the negotiated (rhizomic) pathway between social possibility and limitation. Following Deleuze, a becoming ontology underpinned study of project actors’ experiences of the evolving group processes that occurred. An action research design incorporated both collaborative sense-making and disruptive gaze. Analysis draws on interpersonal and observational data gathered purposively from multiple perspectives in 11 Real Time projects between 2006 and 2008. Five were youth projects and six with adults, two were women-only and one men-only, two with learning-disabled adults and four aimed at minority-ethnic participants. Participatory video as facilitated empowerment practice led to new social becoming by opening conducive social spaces, mediating interactions, catalysing group action and re-positioning participants. Videoing as performance context had a structuring and intensifying function, but there were parallel risks such as inappropriate exposure when internal and external dialogical space was confused. A rhizomic map of Real Time’s non-linear practice territory identifies eight key practice balances, and incorporates process possibilities, linked tensions, and enabling and hindering factors at four main sequential stages. Communicative action through iteratively progressing video activities unfolded through predictable transitions to generate a diversifying progression from micro to mezzo level when supported. This thesis thus shows how participatory video is constituted afresh in each new context, with the universal and particular in ongoing dynamic interchange during the emergent empowerment journey.

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Brown, Helen. "Social learning within participatory, catchment-based water management processes in South Africa and Namibia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14958/.

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Over the past decade, South African and Namibian governments have initiated processes of water-sector reform via new legislation (RSA, 1998; GRN, 2004), designed to promote increased equity, efficiency and economic and environmental sustainability of water resources. These objectives correspond to those of the discourse of integrated water resource management (Heyns, 2005; Woodhouse, 2008). Institutional reform is a key feature of the recent legislation. Participatory institutions are being formed, which are aligned to hydrological spatial units, such as water-user associations and basin management committees. These institutional spaces represent 'communities' of learning (Wenger, 1998; Johnson, 2007), and synergise with the concept of 'social learning' that links collective interaction and learning to concerted action in the collective and environmental interest (Roling & \Vagemakers, 1998; Keen et al., 2005; Pahl-\Vostl et al., 2007a; Ison et al., 2007). Drawing on the 'constant comparison' principle of grounded theory (Glaser, 1992), the thesis explores this concept of social learning using two case studies: the South African Kat River Water User Association (KatRWUA) and the Namibian Kuiseb Basin Management Committee (KuisebBMC). A multi-method research approach was used to elicit qualitative information, with data-collection methods including semi-structured interviews, ethnographic observation and secondary data sources (Denzin & Lincoln, 2002). Subsequent data analysis revealed a mismatch between the nature and outcomes of social learning processes within the case studies and the ideals of socially and environmentally sustainable behaviour, which are desired by both the integrated water-resource management discourse and by the South African and Namibian national Water Acts. Social learning, as a process for achieving these goals of social equity and sustainable social behaviour, was prevented by the five Ps: power relations, politics, personality, precedence, and the past.

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Siame, Gilbert. "The institutional dynamics of participatory slum-upgrading processes: the case of Langrug informal settlement." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7516.

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Since the 1990s, South Africa has faced a high rate of urbanization and increasing formation of informal settlements. However, the focus of urban planning has not changed to accommodate new urban trends. The current dominant practice of urban planning, still rooted in the global North realism, reflects an increasing discord between current approaches and growing problems of poverty, inequality, informality, rapid urbanisation and socio-spatial fragmentation. Traditional urban planning approaches and state-led direct settlement interventions have arguably served to exclude the urban poor with a marked failure to sustainably address the problem of informal settlements. This research examines the case of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, and argues that the concept of coproduction is an alternative dynamic model that could be used to achieve inclusive and sustainable urban environments. Re-organising institutional relationships would arguably lead to a more successful service production approach and engagement between the state and the urban poor. I use the lens of coproduction to assess partnership-based in-situ community-driven informal settlement interventions. The research uses the Langrug informal settlement upgrading programme as a case study to analyse the institutional arrangements and to examine power relations in a context-specific coproduction process. The research uses semi-structured interviews, field observations and secondary data to examine the nature of the partnership, institutional relations, scope and approach of the Langrug upgrade programme. The study concludes that the Langrug upgrade programme depicts a typical coproduction arrangement where many institutions are collaborating to improve the living conditions of the urban poor in Langrug. Further, the study establishes that the success of this partnership depends on on-going effective management of power and institutional dynamics and low-level conflicts. The study recommends that the Slum Dwellers International (SDI) alliance needs to build stronger grassroots structures in Stellenbosch to increase local capacity in community mobilisation and advocacy. Besides the need to incorporate the media, the partnership must improve the communication system among partners and stakeholders to avoid mistrust and ensure productive state-society engagement. Finally, more comparative case research needs to be done to consolidate arguments on the concept of coproduction vis-à-vis planning practice in the global South.

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Senabre, Hidalgo Enric. "Co-creation for transdisciplinarity - Adoption of participatory design and agile project management in collaborative research processes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668172.

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Aquest projecte doctoral explora mètodes de cocreació aplicats a la recerca transdisciplinària. En el context de la societat de la informació, la col·laboració en recerca ha crescut en popularitat entre els equips científics, sota molts enfocaments i formes. Entre aquests, la transdisciplinarietat representa un tipus específic d'activitat científica col·laborativa. La investigació transdisciplinària va més enllà de la col·laboració d'experts de diferents disciplines, ja que també pot involucrar no experts i comunitats no científiques per abordar de manera integral diferents qüestions i problemàtiques, com és el cas de la ciència ciutadana o la recerca acció. La transdisciplinarietat implica processos de recerca complexos i nous desafiaments, com la forma d'abordar la diversitat dels participants, especialment per planificar i gestionar projectes. Aquesta tesi, articulada al voltant d'un compendi de publicacions, explora fins a quin punt i en quina mesura les metodologies de cocreació poden contribuir a abordar aquests desafiaments, en diferents contextos i fases de la recerca transdisciplinària.
Este proyecto de doctorado explora métodos de cocreación aplicados a la investigación transdisciplinaria. En el contexto de la sociedad de la información, la colaboración en investigación ha crecido en popularidad entre equipos científicos, bajo muchos enfoques y formas. Entre ellos, la transdisciplinariedad representa un tipo específico de actividad científica colaborativa. La investigación transdisciplinaria va más allá de la colaboración de expertos de diferentes disciplinas, ya que también puede involucrar a no expertos y comunidades no científicas para abordar de manera integral diferentes cuestiones y problemáticas, como en el caso de la ciencia ciudadana o la investigación acción. La transdisciplinariedad implica procesos de investigación complejos y nuevos desafíos, como la forma de abordar la diversidad de los participantes, especialmente para planificar y gestionar proyectos. Esta tesis explora hasta qué punto y en qué medida las metodologías de cocreación pueden contribuir a abordar estos desafíos, en diferentes contextos y fases de la investigación transdisciplinaria.
Collaborative research in the network society has taken on a number of approaches and forms and has grown in popularity among scientific teams. One specific example of this is transdisciplinary research, which not only depends on the collaboration of experts from different disciplines, but also turns to non-experts and non-scientific communities of stakeholders in order to holistically address a range of different problems and issues, as is the case with citizen science and action research. Transdisciplinarity encompasses complex research processes and faces new challenges, such as how to deal with participant diversity, especially in terms of project planning and management. This doctoral thesis, founded upon a compendium of previous research, explores if and to what extent co-creation methodologies can aid in overcoming these challenges in different contexts and phases of transdisciplinary research.

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Nurmi, Laura. "The Power of Storytelling - How can everyday conversations transform participatory processes in architecture and community building?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22152.

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Vardagliga konversationer kan sätta igång deltagande processer, men kan samtidigt också innebära ett hot mot normativa professionella praktiker. Min studie undersöker kommunikation och narrativa metoder i ett internationellt utvecklingssamarbete. Undersökningen observerar de möjligheter berättelser kan ha för biståndsprojekt och syftet är att framföra betydelsen av vardagshistorierna i beslutstagandet. Jag bestämde mig för att konstruera en fallstudie om slumområdet Kibera i Nairobi där olika organisationer arbetar med samhällsbyggande. Min avsikt var att jämföra två olika datakällor från Kibera för att undersöka vilka möjligheter lokalbefolkningens berättelser och vardagshistorier bjuder på. Missförstånd mellan olika aktörer uppstår eftersom individer upplever världen på olika sätt och detta gör fallstudien av Kibera intressant att undersöka. Genom att jämföra två olika narrativa källor, med hjälp av olika teoretiker, är det möjligt att visa orsakerna till varför det existerar en klyfta mellan experterna och den lokala befolkningen. Studien utnyttjar en fallstudiemetod, eftersom målet är att etablera en djupare förståelse för hur vardagsberättelser kan förbättra kommunikationen inom design och internationellt biståndsarbete. Efter en noggrann innehållsanalys av olika källor är det möjligt att konstatera att narrativa metoder skapar en bättre förutsättning för internationella biståndsprojekt och dessutom en starkare relation mellan internationella aktörer och utsatta lokala grupper. Vardagsberättelser skapar en naturlig omgivning för aktörer att uttrycka deras tankar och önskemål.
Everyday conversations can simultaneously be a spark for participatory processes and a threat to normative professional practices. My study examines communication practices and narrative methods in a development work context. The study observes the opportunities storytelling can bring to development projects and aims to highlight the importance of everyday narratives in decision-making processes. In order to explore the possibilities storytelling and everyday narratives bring to the table, I decided to build a case around Kibera slum area in Nairobi, where different actors are operating with community building, and compare their narratives. Stakeholders inevitably experience reality differently, which leads to disconnections and misunderstandings, and this makes the case study of Kibera interesting - by comparing the narratives of the two data sources from Kibera with the help of different theorists, it is possible to reveal the underlying reasons why a gap of connection exists between the different stakeholders. A case study research strategy is necessary in order to understand more profoundly how storytelling as a participatory tool can improve communication in design and development practice. After careful content analysis of different data sources, it is possible to conclude that using narrative methods to establish connections between foreign experts and vulnerable local communities builds a better foundation for development projects; storytelling creates a neutral setting where different stakeholders can find a way to express their thoughts and desires naturally.

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Nettley, Amy Jessica. "Visualising change in the Tamar Valley : participatory processes for generating 3D visual tools to communicate sea-level rise." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15030.

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This thesis introduces and analyses a unique approach which involved iteratively engaging with stakeholders to generate a film about sea-level rise at a heritage site. The project used fine-scale remote sensing techniques, including airborne and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), to produce spatially accurate and realistic 3D digital visualisations of projected sea level rise at Cotehele Quay, a site on the River Tamar in Cornwall which is owned and managed by the National Trust. Area residents and stakeholders were involved in a series of focus groups which provided guidance on the integration of the spatial models into a short film. This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge about how non-scientific audiences understand and interpret visual realism and spatial accuracy when engaged with the process of developing such a tool. Ultimately, the thesis proposes a new kind of visual realism based on this knowledge, known as ‘participatory realism’. The main output of this research was a film, ‘Changing Tides at Cotehele Quay’, which is presently being used by the National Trust as part of their wider communication toolkit. In addition to reflecting on the production of the film, the thesis makes the argument that at present TLS is not being proactively used to engage wider audiences. The research explored how TLS and other spatial data can be used in settings which are more public-facing; the thesis analyses the results of this innovative practice and interrogates the way in which people interacted and responded in the course of their participation.

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Wollf, Randy. "The intersection of power, knowledge, shared perspectives, and participatory processes in organizational direction-setting: a study of a church." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/196.

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The abuse of power, dominance of certain shared perspectives, and reduction of personal values into so-called organizational core values are problems that plague traditional organizational direction setting. The purpose of this study was to explore how power intersects with the knowledge formation process, shared perspectives, and participatory processes within organizational direction setting. The study used an ethnographic case study approach to focus on a church that went through a yearlong direction setting process. The church had lost its senior pastor and wanted to determine its direction before hiring a new pastor. The researcher was a participant in that process. His field notes and other documentation provided one source of data. The researcher also interviewed 20 people who participated in the process. In terms of the intersection of power and knowledge formation, the study revealed that the discursive practices of the facilitator along with the voices of those in privileged groups, the outspoken, and those who had engendered trust in others carried considerable weight during the process. At the intersection of power with shared perspectives, there were two major perspectives representing subgroup cultures: a traditional perspective that resisted change and a progressive perspective that wanted change. The progressives dominated the church’s privileged groups and exerted extensive influence on the direction setting process. The organizational symbols of church staff and worship music style served to galvanize some people in the battle over which perspective would prevail. Transparency functioned as a bridge that brought some on either side of the conflict closer together. The research revealed two major types of power related to the intersection of power with participatory processes: the power of pain and intimidation. Both minimized the participation of some women, youth, and traditionalists. All three intersections featured deployments of power that influenced the construction of directional knowledge. This knowledge helped to inform the rules of “appropriate” conduct within the organization’s emerging truth regime. The study revealed that, in this case, robust directional knowledge would have accommodated personal, subgroup, and widely shared values in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The researcher concluded with a discussion of implications for organizational leaders.

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Eichler, Jessika. "The vernacularisation of indigenous peoples' participatory rights in the Bolivian extractive sector : including subgroups in collective decision-making processes." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/19121/.

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One of the most comprehensive collective rights regimes has been developed in the area of indigenous peoples and respective land and resource rights in particular. International legal instruments (ILO C169 and UNDRIPS) and Inter-American jurisprudence (e.g. the Saramaka and Sarayaku cases) significantly safeguard such rights. The latter materialise in the form of prior consultation mechanisms regarding natural resource extraction and ultimately exemplify indigenous peoples’ self-determination. However, practice shows that such collective mechanisms are established without truly taking indigenous peoples’ representative institutions according to their customs and traditions into account. This can be attributed to the fact that the interplay and local dynamics between indigenous communities, leaders and representative organisations are too complex to be reduced to collective wholes. In order to disentangle such dynamics, power relations between the players, issues of legitimacy, representativity and accountability of participatory mechanisms, and the inclusion of subgroups and individuals in collective decision-making are examined. By combining international legal standards and ethnographic research, a legal anthropological perspective informs this piece of research. Firstly, insights are gained by understanding individual or ‘subgroup’ rights in relation to collective claims in international and regional legal standards. Secondly, this relationship is observed by means of two case studies in the Bolivian Lowlands that shall shed light upon the implementation of such standards in the extractive sector. Thereby, specific subgroups are chosen to illustrate participatory exclusion and inequalities, including women (I), different age groups (II), monolingual people and persons with lower education levels (III) and local leaders (IV). Empirical insights draw on a prior consultation process with Guaraní people in the hydrocarbon sector and collective decision-making mechanisms in the case of Chiquitano people in the mining sector. Based on such empirical observations, a catalogue of guiding principles will be proposed in order to refine the existing UNDRIPS framework.

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au, K. Buselich@murdoch edu, and Kathryn Buselich. "Creating transactional space for sustainability: a case study of the Western Australian Collaboration." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071220.132317.

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Progressing sustainability requires a more networked approach to governancean approach that connects otherwise segmented policy areas and fosters greater communication among governments, stakeholders and citizens. Of particular importance is the development of discursive spaces in which diverse actors are able to explore the differing knowledge, perspectives and values raised by the challenge of sustainability. This thesis develops the notion of transactional space to bring into focus the processes of reflection, dialogue and mutual learning that effective sustainability discourse involves. In the first part of the thesis I review literature on the theory and practice of participation, deliberation and collaboration, giving particular attention to the ways in which these processes have potential to create space for a depth of exchange and enable participants to engage with the tensions inherent in complex policy issues. While many authors point to the importance of negotiating difference in these processes, the literature reveals that, in practice, this type of exchange tends to be overlooked or underdeveloped. I therefore argue in this thesis that critical, reflective dialogue plays a key role in generating greater understanding among participants, more comprehensive understanding of policy issues, and more integrative and shared approaches, and for these reasons must be actively developed. The case study in the second part of the thesis explores this concern for developing reflective exchange in practice. The formation of the Western Australian Collaboration in 2002a partnership of non-government organizations from a range of social and environmental perspectives committed to a just and sustainable Western Australiarepresented an opportunity to examine the development of participatory and collaborative processes for sustainability. The thesis presents a case study of the WA Collaborations development over 2002-2006 to illustrate the potential such networks and open forums offer for transformative exchange around sustainability. It describes the intensive process conducted with the Steering Committee to cultivate a culture of reflection and learning in the organization, and the practical initiatives the process helped to generate. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the lessons learnt and key principles and practical considerations relevant to fostering transactional space. The WA Collaboration experience and the review of literature reveal a tendency in practice to privilege action and outcomes over reflection and learning. Furthermore, despite the necessity for a depth of engagement with complex policy issues, funding systems and policy environments often fail to allow the time and resources needed to support genuine dialogue and collaborative work. The thesis provides the concept and principles of transactional space as a means of helping to address this imbalance. They are designed to encourage practitioners to create opportunities for critical, reflective dialogue in a range of deliberative settings.

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Driffill, Louise Joanne. "Exploring the missing link : the coupling between participatory and formal decision-making processes in waste planning in Wiltshire and Swindon." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612204.

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Bentley, Rosemary Diane. "Dancing with the Shadows of Wellbeing: An Exploration of Participatory Action Research Processes as a Catalyst for Transformation of Staff Wellbeing." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2505.

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My abiding concern with human and planetary wellbeing and an emerging interest in the potential of Participatory Action Research as a method of engaging with restorative, life-enhancing ways of being are central to the research reported here. Chomsky (2003), Kelsey (2002), Roddick (2001), and Stiglitz (2003) are amongst many authors who argue that the way in which we shape and are shaped by our relationships with one another has contributed to an intolerable, inhumane and unsustainable compromise of human and planetary wellbeing. Through a Participatory Action Research (PAR) project with staff from Te Ra, a community based on the holistic ideals of Rudolf Steiner, and thus an organisation explicitly committed to holistic wellbeing of people and planet, we sought to explore the challenges to such wellbeing. While our mutual attention was focused on enhancing staff wellbeing at their place of employment, my wider attention was also given to an investigation of the value of a critical analysis to the wider political and economic context in which this organisation works to meet the aspirations of this community. My deep attention has also focused on the potential for PAR to make a contribution to the transformational aspirations of critical theorists who are concerned to uncover and transform aspects of society that inhibit justice and wellbeing of people and planet. My metaphor of choice, to allow me the engagement in all three spheres simultaneously, is the metaphor of Dance. In my work with the staff of Te Ra, our intent was to 'dance with the Shadows', alluding to Jungian references to hidden aspects of ourselves and this community, to discover if un-wellness and disconnection from self and others could be transformed into flourishing relationships and wellbeing in the organisation. McNiff (2000) proposes that PAR has the potential to generate living theories that redefine the main purpose of organisation theory in terms of human wellbeing. Throughout this research project, principles of PAR are woven in with work of critical organisational theorists, psychologists and anthropologists. The already established ideas of reflection, observation, reflexivity, and action are choreographed with the less often considered ideas of those aspects of the research relationship that may inhibit mutuality. While this organisation is explicitly and deeply committed to underpinning all that is aspired to with a relational ethic, the impact that instrumental practices associated with an intensifying neo-liberal economic external environment have not left this organisation untouched. It took commitment, courage and resources to identify and engage with the Shadows masked by intrinsic and extrinsic pressures and processes that these research participants were experiencing. Engaging in PAR processes allowed us dance 'up close and personal' with their aspirations to begin transforming what was not well, while recognising and reinforcing the organisation's existing strong philosophical and spiritual foundations that emphasized individual freedom and collective responsibility for wellbeing of all. Based on the significant transformations achieved during this project we posit that PAR provides a collaborative opportunity for academics and practitioners to 'dance with the Shadows' of individuals and communities to make a significant contribution to the development of sustainable relationships in workplaces where human and planetary wellbeing is the priority.

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Young, Tiffany Lenell. ""Having Our Say": Exploring the Processes and Feasibility of a Community-Based Participatory Intergenerational Physical Activity Program for Grandparents Raising Grandchildren." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5405.

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Over the past twenty years, the number of grandparents raising grandchildren has increased substantially. In many cases, raising grandchildren can be stressful and may aggravate pre-existing health conditions. Grandchildren in these kinship relationships often experience poor health outcomes as well. Typically, both grandparents and grandchildren do not engage in positive health behaviors. Thus, there is a need to develop intergenerational health promotion interventions for grandparents raising grandchildren. This study used the community-based participatory research approach to develop and implement an eight-week intergenerational program for kinship families. The specific goals of this descriptive study were to understand the process and feasibility of developing and implementing the intervention from the perspective of key stakeholders. Content analysis of observational, focus group, and interview data from grandparents, nurses, exercise consultants, and recreation staff provided an in-depth account of the intervention's process (i.e., recruitment, dose delivered, dose received, fidelity, and context) and feasibility (i.e., acceptability, demand, practicality, and integration). Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to determine if the intervention had an effect on participants' health outcomes (i.e., depression, blood pressure, waist circumference, heart rate, weight, balance, and BMI) over time. Although analyses did not result in statistically significant effects on health outcomes, the data trends indicated the possibility of health improvements given a larger sample size. The distinct details gleaned from this study can provide researchers, community organizations, and practitioners with guidance on how to use community partnerships and existing strengths to develop and implement effective community-based intergenerational interventions.

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Greenleaf, Holly Lee. "From Maintenance To Stewardship: Green Stormwater Infrastructure Capacity In Vermont Towns & Design And Participatory Processes To Provide Cultural Ecosystem Services." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1010.

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The impervious surfaces of built landscapes create stormwater runoff that causes water quantity and quality problems downstream, upsetting natural hydrology and harming aquatic ecosystems. Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) includes practices that reduce the amount of stormwater runoff and the pollutants it carries utilizing plants, soils, and other materials to capture, store, reuse, infiltrate, evapotranspire, and filter stormwater. GSI helps to restore developed landscapes, mimicking natural hydrologic processes and providing important water treatment functions as well as beneficial green spaces in urban areas. However, there are many challenges associated with the implementation and maintenance of GSI in our communities and cultures. This research explores the human side of implementing GSI, investigating current maintenance capacities in rural and urban settings, and exploring multifunctional benefits of GSI to provide both biophysical and cultural ecosystem services (CES). Research goals include characterizing the current state of GSI implementation and maintenance in municipalities in the State of Vermont (USA) and eliciting lessons that can inform GSI design practices and policies. Multifunctional GSI design objectives that provide and enhance CES are described, revealing opportunities to instill values and a sense of stewardship for the health wellbeing of people and ecosystems. The first chapter provides relevant topical background to set the stage for the latter two chapters. The second chapter analyzes results from a survey of municipal officials in Vermont that occurred as part of NSF-EPSCoR-funded Basin Resilience to Extreme Events project research on stormwater management. The survey included questions about GSI and maintenance practices in place and perceptions of visual appeal and ability to maintain bioretention systems shown in landscape visualizations. Results show that visual appeal and perceived maintainability of vegetated bioretention practices do not appear to be significant barriers to adoption and operation, but stormwater policy and funding are shown to be both significant barriers and solutions to implementing and maintaining GSI in Vermont municipalities. Additionally, urban and rural towns provide very different contexts for implementing and maintaining GSI in Vermont and characteristics of development patterns and maintenance capacity should be considered in policy, regulations, outreach, and education. The third chapter offers a literature review, guided by a CES framework, of design elements that can be included in GSI to create multifunctional urban green spaces. CES categories of aesthetic, recreation, education, sense of place, social capital, and stewardship benefits framed a set of design elements, principles, practices, and documented benefits to guide multifunctional design of GSI. Findings include the importance of participatory processes to elicit diverse landscape values, visible water pathways, biodiversity, spaces for creative use, accessibility, interaction with water, interpretive signage, and artful and biophilic design features to enhance feelings of preference, pleasure, relaxation, learning, connection, and inclusion. The health and wellbeing of water and people must be integrated into the design of GSI for cities to be ecologically functional and culturally meaningful to their populations.

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Huygens, Ingrid Louise Maria. "Processes of Pakeha change in response to the Treaty of Waitangi." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2589.

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The sense of crisis that marks our times may be seen as a crisis for dominant groups whose once-secure hegemony is being challenged by marginalised others. It is in theorising the reply from the dominant group to the voices of the oppressed that existing Western conceptions of social change fall silent. The dominant Pakeha group in Aotearoa New Zealand has used discourses of benign colonisation and harmonious race relations to resist 165 years of communication from indigenous Māori about their oppression and a dishonoured treaty for settlement. My research documents the appearance of the Treaty of Waitangi into the Pakeha consciousness, and the now 30 year-long response by a Pakeha antiracism movement to educate their own cultural group about its agreements. Targeting government, community and social services organisations, activist educators used Freire's (1975) approach of conscientising dialogue to present a more critical view of colonisation, and to encourage participants to consider the complicity of their organisations in ongoing structural and cultural racism. Based on my membership of local and national networks of activist educators, I was able to organise and facilitate data gathering from three sources to investigate processes of Pakeha change in: (i) unpublished material describing the antiracism and Treaty movement's historical theorising and strategies over 30 years, (ii) a country-wide process of co-theorising among contemporary Treaty educator groups about their work and perceived influence, and (iii) a collection of organisational accounts of Treaty-focused change. The collected records confirmed that a coherent anti-colonial discourse, which I have termed 'Pakeha honouring the Treaty', was in use to construct institutional and constitutional changes in non-government organisations. My interpretation of key elements in a local theory of transforming action included emotional responses to counter-cultural information, collective work for cultural and institutional change and practising a mutually agreed relationship with Māori. I concluded that these emotional, collective and relationship processes in dominant group change were crucial in helping to construct the new conceptual resources of 'affirming Māori authority' and 'striving towards a right relationship with Māori'. These counter-colonial constructions allowed Pakeha a non-resistant and facilitative response to Māori challenge, and enabled a dialogue with Māori about decolonisation. By examining in one research programme the genealogy and interdependencies of a new discourse, my research contributes to theorising about the production of new, counter-hegemonic discourses, and confirms the crucial part played by social movements in developing new, liberatory constructions of the social order. My research calls for further theory-building on (i) emotional and spiritual aspects of transformational learning, (ii) processes involved in consciously-undertaken cultural change by dominant/coloniser groups, and (iii) practising of mutually agreed relationships with indigenous peoples by dominant/coloniser groups. My research has implications for theorising how coloniser and dominant groups generally may participate in liberatory social change and decolonisation work, and the part played by the Western states in the global struggles by indigenous people for recognition of their world-views and aspirations. It remains to be seen whether counter-colonial discourses and organisational changes aimed at 'honouring the Treaty' with indigenous peoples will be sufficiently widely adopted to help transform Western dominating cultures and colonial projects. In the meantime, acknowledging and documenting these counter-colonial discourses and their constructions opens up increasing possibilities for constructing, from a history of colonisation, a different future.

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Leander, Frida. "From visions of sharing power to building a culture of learning. Citizen participation in communication processes for development, in Malmö, Sweden." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21485.

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The City of Malmö, Sweden’s third largest city, has high ambitions when it comes to inclusion and participation from local businesses and universities, NGOs and citizens. The decision to democratize management and to change the city’s processes towards working on (more) equal terms with relevant actors, was made by the City Council in 2014 as a step towards a socially sustainable development. The City Planning Office of Malmö has the main responsibility for city developing projects. One of the city’s current developing projects is called Amiralsstaden, defined as a geographical area and a development process. The ambition of the project is to “through broad participation and co-creation, improve the city- and living environment and investigate how new housing and new businesses can be established” (malmo.se 2018: a) The project focuses on creating new ways of working with physical planning and to create new models for participation (Reflecting Paper 2018). Since 2017, Amiralsstaden has facilitated two different participatory communication processes for development. Communication for Development scholar, Linje Manyozo (2012:222), argues that development communication no longer is a question of relevant technology or local contexts, nor a question of top-down or bottom-up approaches. Instead, he says, it is a question of how power figures in the political economy of both development and communication. A key indicator of whether media and communication for development interventions have played a critical role in society should therefore revolve around an understanding of how power has been negotiated and contested in favour of people. With Amiralsstaden as case study, this thesis sets out to explore how the ambitions of participation on policy level translate into ‘real world’ city planning and what impact it has on development. More specifically, I want to know how citizen participation in communication processes for development is practiced, experienced and what these processes lead to in terms of results and outcome for the city and for the participants. The study is based on qualitative research methodologies, mainly in-depth interviews and observations. Concepts related to participation, such as power, voice, and representation, are in focus to analyse and understand participatory processes and how they contribute to city development.

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Sabai, Daniel. "Mobilising processes of abstraction, experiential learning and representation of traditional ecological knowledge in participatory monitoring of mangroves and fisheries : an approach towards enhancing social learning processes on the eastern coast of Tanzania." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013060.

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This study addresses a core problem that was uncovered in records from coastal management monitoring initiatives on the eastern coast of Tanzania associated with the application and use of coastal monitoring indicators developed by external development partners for the coastal zone. These records suggest that local communities, who are key actors in participatory monitoring of coastal and marine resources, face many challenges associated with adapting and applying the said frameworks of indicators and monitoring plans. These indicators tend to be scientifically abstracted and methodologically reified; given prevailing contextual and socio‐cultural realities amongst them. The research project addresses the following key research question: How can processes of abstraction, conceptualisation, and representation of TEK contribute to the development of coastal management indicators that are less reified, more contextually and culturally congruent, and which may potentially be used by resource users in the wider social learning process of detecting trends, threats, changes and conditions of mangrove and fisheries resources? In response to the contextual problem and the research question, the study employs processes of abstraction and experiential learning techniques to unlock knowledge that local communities have, as an input for underlabouring existing scientific indicators on the Eastern coast of Tanzania. The research is constituted as critical realist case study research, involving two communities on the eastern coast of Tanzania, namely the Moa and the Boma communities (in Mkinga coastal district). Overall, the study involved 37 participants in a series of interviews, focus group discussions, and experiential learning processes using visualised data, and an experiential learning intervention workshop, and follow‐ups over a period of 3 years. The study worked with mangroves and fisheries to provide focus to the case study research and to allow for in‐depth engagement with the assumptions and processes associated with indicators development and use. Through the above mentioned data generation processes, critical realist analysis, and experiential learning processes involving abstraction and representation of traditional ecological knowledge held by mangrove restorers and fishers in the study areas, the study uncovers possible challenges of adapting and applying scientific indicators in participatory monitoring of a mangrove ecosystem. Using ampliative modes of inference for data analysis (induction, abduction and retroduction) and a critical realist scientific explanatory framework known as DRRREI(C) (Resolution, Re‐description, Retrodiction, Elimination, Identification, & Correction) the study suggests a new approach that may lead to the development of a framework of indicators that are less reified, more congruent to users (coastal communities), and likely to attract a wider context‐based social learning which favours epistemological access between scientific institutions (universities inclusive), and local communities. It attempts to establish an interface between knowledge that scientific institutions produce and the potential knowledge that exists in local contexts (traditional ecological knowledge), and seeks to widen and improve knowledge sharing and experiential learning practices that may potentially benefit coastal and marine resources in the study area. As mentioned above, the knowledge and abstraction processes related to the indicators development focussed on the mangrove ecosystem and associated fisheries, as engaged in the two participating communities in the eastern coast of Tanzania. The specific findings are therefore limited by the case boundaries, but the methodological process could be replicated and used elsewhere. The study’s contributions are theoretical and methodological, but also social and practice‐centred. The study brings into view the need to consider the contextual relevance of adapted knowledge, the capacity or ability of beneficiaries to adapt and apply scientific models, frameworks or tools, and the potential of local knowledge as an input for enhancing or improving monitoring of mangroves and mangrove‐based fisheries. Finally, the study comes up with a framework of indicators which is regarded by the coastal communities involved in the study as being less reified, more contextually and culturally congruent, and which may potentially be used in detecting environmental trends, threats, changes and conditions of mangrove and fisheries resources, and attract wider social learning processes.

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Darcie, Marina Paula [UNESP]. "As fãs mais legais do mundo: panorama do perfil comunicativo da comunidade da celebridade virtual Karol Pinheiro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152196.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Diversas possibilidades surgem com a internet a cada dia, e uma delas é a grande teia de interações e o advento de novos personagens no sistema comunicativo que detêm, de forma tão semelhante quanto nos veículos de comunicação tradicionais, o poder de influenciar e modificar a opinião do seu público. Esses novos comunicadores são os “ídolos” sociais que estão ancorados nas novas plataformas de comunicação e possuem discurso amplamente difundido no seu meio de atuação. O influenciador não é limitado a apenas uma ferramenta de trabalho, ele pode estar – e geralmente está – presente em outras redes, produzindo conteúdo para o blog, o YouTube e para o Instagram, mostrando sua rotina no Snapchat, conversando com seus fãs pelo Facebook e pelo Twitter, evidenciando a fluidez da comunicação digital. Nesse sentido, a imagem dos influenciadores digitais pode ser definida como um personagem que usa o espaço comunicativo virtual possibilitado pelas redes sociais para dialogar com seu público seguidor e expor sua opinião sobre o próprio consumo e experiências ou qualquer assunto que tenha afinidade; esse autogerenciamento de imagem – configurado em uma narrativa de si mesmo – e o contato imediato e negociação constante com seu público faz desses personagens uma mídia completa, sem a necessidade de uma indústria para ampará-lo. As novas ferramentas que possibilitam a comunicação instantânea e direta criaram, assim, novas dimensões para a relação e as interações entre ídolo-fã. Nesse contexto destacado, foram investigados os vínculos comunicativos criados pelos fãs através de suas sociabilidades na rede, entendendo o conceito de fã e analisando a bibliografia de referência para compreender se as definições dialogam com a realidade das redes digitais e dos agrupamentos da rede na sociedade contemporânea. A comunidade de fãs da influenciadora Karol Pinheiro e o universo comunicativo criado por ela (“As coisas mais legais do Mundo”) foram escolhidos para a construção da pesquisa empírica e da análise, uma vez que o grupo se mobiliza através da internet e das redes sociais para discutir, ressignificar e repercutir o conteúdo criado pela celebridade virtual. A pesquisa objetivou compreender os múltiplos processos comunicativos evidenciados através dos conteúdos que consomem, como se mobilizam e dialogam, quais as ressignificações feitas no conteúdo original, e quais redes usam para se informar e “habitar”, conhecendo, assim, práticas comunicativas que os fãs online utilizam.
Internet creates a lot of possibilities every day. One of them is the communities created around new characters in web that keep it together and influences its people: the digital influencers (DI). The digital influencer use a lot of many tools of the internet for work and are not present only in one media; the DI usually uses the blogs for posting texts, YouTube and Instagram for sharing his life and also chat with his fans using Facebook and Twitter. That way, the digital influencer is able to share his point of view about labels, products, experiences, and other kind of stuff that are part of his life. The DI is a full and complete media, promoting himself and negotiating with his fans the content shared. This way, new media on the internet raises a closer and more direct relationship between an idol and his fans. So we intend to study the communicative processes between an idol and his fans in the context mentioned by exploring in the books and academic texts the many concepts about fan, its culture, routine, consume and kinds of communication. We choose the influencer Karol Pinheiro and her channel "As coisas mais legais do mundo" for observing her fans, studying and then create our text. Our main objective is understanding all kind of interaction between idol-fan and fan-fan on internet and which social media they use for being in and socialize.

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Bhebhe, Gladwin. "Stakeholder participation in strategic planning processes at three colleges of education in Zimbabwe: towards the development of a participatory process in strategic planning." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006246.

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This study investigated stakeholder participation in strategic planning processes in three teacher training colleges in Zimbabwe. The study was conducted within the qualitative research methodology. Three colleges of education were purposively sampled. All principals in the sampled sites took part in the study. Two Heads of Departments (HODs), two Lecturers in Charge (LICs) two Students Representative Council (SRC) members as well as College Advisory Council Board Members (CACBM) participated in this study. A total of 18 informants participated through interviews. Documents such as strategic planning minutes were scrutinized. Strategic planning meetings were also observed at two sites. The findings were that the practice of strategic planning still appears to be rigid and bureaucratic for organizations that operate in rapidly changing environments such as those in Zimbabwe. Secondly, participation in strategic planning is not all inclusive; only a select few individuals do take part in the planning exercise. Colleges of education and the Ministry focus on the product activities, that is, crafting the strategic plan. They seem to ignore the process activities such as reviewing plans periodically and taking note of key performance indicators which promote continuous improvement. The study also found that participants received no formal training in strategic planning and that the planning process was skewed towards control and compliance; and exhibited managerial accountability tendencies which lie within central bureaucratic approaches. The main recommendations were that the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education and the Department of Teacher Education, at the University of Zimbabwe, in consultation with relevant stakeholders should, develop norms and standards for teacher education to align Zimbabwe‟s stakeholder participation in strategic planning to the global trends. Colleges should supplement their understanding of operational contexts by exploring possible future trends and circumstances. The criteria for reviewing strategic plans should be developed by peers, and practitioners in the field, in consultation with national norms and standards for teacher education.

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Sanzetenea, Ramirez Wendy Sofia. "FOSTERING INCLUSIVE INNOVATIVE PROCESSES WITHIN A BOLIVIAN CLUSTER INITIATIVE." Licentiate thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-20970.

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The main theme in this licentiate thesis is the focus on strengthening institutional capacities to promote cooperation within a cluster initiative between public and private sectors in Latin American contexts, especially in Bolivia. The argument is the need to generate spaces for interaction through participatory practices in order to incorporate different points of view, academic and non-academic, which can lead to a more critical production and appropriation of knowledge. In the particular case of Bolivia, the pilot development of cluster initiatives was used as an interaction mechanism between the university, industry and government, which means developing skills in innovation among stakeholders, instead of starting immediately with the search for solutions. This licentiate thesis focuses on practices based on collective and dynamic interactions generated in an emerging cluster based on the Triple Helix framework in the leather productive sector in Bolivia. This as a result of seven years of participatory action research participating in cluster initiatives promoted by a public university, the case of the Universidad Mayor de San Simon - UMSS (trans. San Simon University). In the case of the Leather Cluster Cochabamba experience presented in this licentiate thesis, I found that the introduction of concepts such as cluster development, Triple Helix and knowledge production in Mode 2 as fieldwork by a public university (UMSS), participation is a positive ingredient and contributor to the improvement of democratizing innovation. The generation of collaborative relationships on a participatory and democratic basis is a time-consuming process that needs to begin with reflection and accountability of researchers to their direct involvement in participatory processes and practices.

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Pang, Natalie. "The knowledge commons in Victoria and Singapore: an exploration of community roles in the shaping of cultural institutions." Monash University. Faculty of Information Technology. Caulfield School of Information Technology, 2008. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/68708.

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‘The commons’ is a concept originating from the traditional shared use of land, but which now often refers to any social asset, physical or abstract, that is shared. This research concerns one aspect of the commons, namely the knowledge commons. The thesis explores community roles in developing and sustaining cultural institutions as key components of the knowledge commons. It focuses particularly on processes of participatory design, and on the capacity of digital technologies to support community engagement. The study takes place across the cultural contexts of the State of Victoria (Australia) and Singapore. The three key aims of the thesis are to explore in what ways and to what extent: I. The emerging concept of the knowledge commons relates to the role of cultural institutions as systems for the creation and sharing of sustainable knowledge resources by their communities. II. The notion of participative design may be applicable to the ongoing development of such systems as multi-stakeholder partnerships to meet community needs. III. Differences in national culture may affect the generality of such an analysis. The research design employs literature analysis and multiple case studies as a basis for proposing new theorisations and an analytical tool to assist future action by cultural institutions and relevant communities. The main perspective used in framing the literature analysis and case studies is Giddens’ structuration theory. Structuration sees the continuing interplay between social action and social structure as the means by which the cultural patternings known as institutions are recursively produced. A complementary perspective used is Hofstede’s model of cultural dimensions. Other theorists from a range of disciplines provide perspectives on particular concepts or aspects, such as the commons and participatory design. Five chapters are headed ‘Foundations’. These seek to explicate key dimensions of the research, namely the knowledge commons, community knowledge, cultural institutions, participatory design, and the cultural contexts of Victoria and Singapore. Four chapters are headed ‘Case Study’ and deal with individual cultural institutions, or clusters of institutions, which were the sites of exploratory enquiry (generally consisting of interviews and observation, but in the case of Museum Victoria also elements of action research). The cultural institutions covered by these chapters are Museum Victoria/Women on Farms Gathering, the Asian Civilisations Museum, Public Libraries in Victoria and Public Libraries in Singapore. These insights are analysed to propose a series of related typologies. The coverage of these typologies includes resource characteristics, collective processes, and cultural dimensions. The typologies come together as components of an integrated, explanatory conceptual model concerning the relationships between the commons, cultural institutions, communities, collective processes (including the role of information and communication technologies) and participatory design within cultural institutions. In the final chapter answers are formulated for the initiating research questions. Also the integrated model developed by the thesis is used as the basis for a proposed analytical tool to assist action towards enhanced community engagement in the development of cultural institutions. Use of the tool is illustrated by application to several examples of collective action encountered during the research.

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Lind, Thomas. "Inertia in Sociotechnical Systems : On IT-related Change Processes in Organisations." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för visuell information och interaktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326799.

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The introduction of new information technology (IT) in an organisation is one way of changing the conditions for how tasks and work processes can be designed and performed, as well as how people in the organisation interact with each other. Today, many Swedish workers rely completely on IT to be able to perform their jobs, while experiencing a combination of continuous and intermittent IT-related changes that affect this ability. The introduction of new or updated IT systems in an organisation is an example of what is referred to as an IT-related change process in this thesis. Because IT has become such an integral part of modern organisations, many change processes in organisations are simultaneously enabled and constrained by the IT systems involved in a change process. In this thesis, I introduce the concept of inertia in sociotechnical systems to analyse IT-related change processes in organisations, and how achieving the goals of these processes is complicated by organisational, social, and physical aspects in addition to technology. The context of this thesis is the Swedish public sector domains of health-care and higher education, and the result of research studies and experiences from four action research projects in these settings. The contribution of this thesis adds to the contributions of the included papers through the definition of inertia in sociotechnical systems and its subsequent application. The thesis shows that the concept of inertia in sociotechnical systems can be used to understand IT-related change processes as changes to the characteristics of a sociotechnical system, and, in the context of organisations, how these processes affect and are affected by an organisation’s characteristics. This is illustrated in the thesis through the application of the concept on examples of IT-related change processes from the included papers and research projects. In addition, the thesis shows that the use of vision seminar methods can benefit Swedish organisations, since new IT is often introduced without clearly defined, expressed, understood, and accepted goals.

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Moraes, Elivan Afonso. "Dinâmica da participação em órgãos colegiados : estudo de casos do IFSULDEMINAS-Campus Machado." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7332.

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This research whose the development was made through a case study it aims to analysis and subsequent evaluation of the effectiveness of collegiate bodies of IFSULDEMINAS-Campus Machado from the point of view of participation and participatory processes. Among the effectiveness existing concepts, it was adopted in this work which deals with the ability of institutions must produce results. This study model has been widely used in participatory institutions at the federal, state and municipal levels, in different public policy sectors, such as environment, health, social assistence, among others. He proposed the same discussion but adapted to collegiate bodies of an educational institution and it was possible to verify whether these channels actually meet the objectives for which they were created. These organisms are made in areas where debate various topics affecting the daily life of the academic community, so these are highly relevant participatory mechanisms. The followed study described by Vaz (2011), identifying the specific factors that influence and / or cause some extent the variation in results and consequently affect the ability of the organs to influence the actions and decision making. In this sense, three variables were used in the search: deliberative effectiveness, institutional design and exogenous factors. The results point to the existence of failures in all organs, to a greater or lesser extent. At the end some recommendations are shown to Campus Machado managers for correction purposes of the deficiencies.
Esta pesquisa, cujo desenvolvimento se deu através de um estudo de caso, tem como objetivo uma análise e posterior avaliação da efetividade dos órgãos colegiados do IFSULDEMINAS-Campus Machado do ponto de vista da participação e dos processos participativos. Dentre os conceitos existentes sobre a efetividade, adotou-se neste trabalho o que trata da capacidade que as instituições têm de produzir resultados. Este modelo de estudo vem sendo bastante utilizado em instituições participativas nas esferas federal, estadual e municipal, em diferentes setores de políticas públicas, como meio ambiente, saúde, assistência social, entre outros. Aqui se propôs a mesma discussão, porém adaptada a órgãos colegiados de uma instituição de ensino, sendo que foi possível verificar se tais canais cumprem de fato os objetivos para os quais foram criados. Esses organismos são constituídos em espaços onde se debatem diversos temas que influenciam o cotidiano da comunidade acadêmica, por isso tratam-se de mecanismos participativos altamente relevantes. O estudo seguiu a linha descrita por Vaz (2011), identificando fatores específicos que influenciam e/ou provocam em alguma medida a variação de resultados e que, por consequência, afetam a capacidade dos órgãos de influírem nas ações e tomadas de decisão. Nesse sentido, três variáveis foram empregadas na pesquisa: efetividade deliberativa, desenho institucional e fatores exógenos. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a existência de falhas em todos os órgãos, em maior ou menor medida. Ao final são apresentadas algumas recomendações aos gestores do Campus Machado para fins de correção das deficiências constatadas.

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Loudin, Sarah. "Can we use a social experiment to assess the impact of participatory processes for water management? Studying a generic method tackling the evaluation of capabilities." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02524967.

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L'implication des populations dans les processus de décision concernant la gestion de leurs ressources naturelles a été largement encouragée par les acteurs institutionnels, de l'échelle nationale à l'échelle internationale. L’évaluation de ces processus est importante pour déterminer leur efficacité et renforcer leur gouvernance. C'est pourquoi nous avons proposé avec cette thèse de développer un outil d'évaluation des impacts des processus participatifs dans le temps sur les personnes y prenant part. Pour ce faire, nous explorons l’utilisation d’une expérimentation sociale pour accomplir cette tâche et nous nous concentrons sur les capabilités des participants, c’est-à-dire leurs libertés d’être et de faire auxquelles ils accordent de la valeur. Ainsi, la principale question de recherche de cette thèse est la suivante: est-il possible d’utiliser une expérimentation sociale basée sur un jeu de rôle pour évaluer l’impact des processus participatifs pour la gestion de l’eau sur leurs participants?Nous nous sommes concentrés sur trois capabilités liées à la prise de décisions participative dans le domaine de la gestion des ressources en eau: être capable, en tant qu’individu, de s’exprimer dans un contexte social déterminé; être capable de faire collectivement le diagnostic d'une situation problématique; et être capable de collectivement établir des règles pour gérer un socio-écosystème et de les mettre en œuvre.Nous avons conçu l’expérimentation CappWag, un outil d’évaluation mixte reposant sur un jeu de rôle ad hoc appelé CAPPWAG (divisé en une version ex ante, CAPPWAG-RIVIERE, et une version ex post, CAPPWAG-LAC), un questionnaire et une débriefing collectif. Nous avons mis en œuvre l’expérience CappWag sur deux études de cas: une unique évaluation de capabilités en Tunisie dans le cadre du projet PR-OSCAR ; et une évaluation ex ante ex post en France avec des étudiants de première année au sein du Master Eau et participant à un cours de trois mois sur la Gestion intégrée des ressources en eau. Les résultats ont montré que les capabilités évaluées dans les douze groupes de participants variaient considérablement en termes d’existence et de développement. Dans le cas du Master Eau, l’évolution des trois capabilités au cours des trois mois du cours de GIRE était tout aussi diverse et, malgré nos attentes, elles n’ont pas toujours augmenté, et parfois même diminué. La méthodologie que nous avons utilisée pour analyser les données s'est avérée être un compromis intéressant entre la collecte et le traitement des données et la précision des résultats finaux fournis aux chercheurs, mais également aux praticiens et aux participants. L'évaluation des capabilités collectives a été la partie la plus difficile des analyses, en raison des multiples configurations possibles de groupes qui peuvent avoir lieu pendant un atelier. Malgré les efforts entrepris pour rendre l'outil d'évaluation aussi attrayant que possible pour les participants et les praticiens, son inclusion dans de vraies processus participatifs pourrait encore être améliorée, afin de garantir sa double mise en œuvre (ex ante et ex post). L’approche par les capabilités qui sert de cadre conceptuel à cette thèse présente de solides atouts pour saisir les motivations, les intérêts et les capacités des participants en termes de gestion des ressources en eau et d’action collective. Afin d’être encore plus utile aux praticiens et aux participants, notre outil d’évaluation tirerait profit de la collecte et du traitement d’informations supplémentaires concernant la participation des personnes au processus participatif ou à la formation évalués dans la vie réelle, ainsi qu’aux événements et aux dynamiques sociales s’y déroulant
The involvement of people in decision-making processes concerning the management of their natural resources has been largely promoted by institutional actors, from national to international scale. Its evaluation is important to determine its effectiveness and support governance. That is why we proposed in this thesis to develop an evaluation tool of the impacts of public participation through time on people and groups of people. To do this, we explore the use of a social experiment to perform this task, and focus on the capabilities of people, that is to say their valued freedoms of being and doing. Hence, the main research question of this thesis is the following: is it possible to use a social experiment based on a role-playing game to evaluate the impact of participatory processes for water management on its participants?We focused on three capabilities related to important states of being and action in the field of participatory decision-making for water resource management: being able as an individual to express oneself in a determined social context; being able to collectively make the diagnosis of a problematic situation; and being able to collectively make rules to manage a socio-ecosystem and implement them.We designed the CappWag experiment, a mixed-method evaluation tool based on an ad hoc role-playing game called CAPPWAG (divided in an ex ante version, CAPPWAG-RIVER, and an ex post version, CAPPWAG-LAKE), a questionnaire and a collective debriefing. We implemented the CappWag experiment on two case studies: a one-time evaluation of capabilities in Tunisia through the PR-OSCAR project, and an ex ante ex post evaluation in France with first-year Water Master’s students taking part in a course on Integrated water resource management. The results showed that the capabilities evaluated in the twelve groups of players varied greatly in terms of existence and strength. In the Master’s case study, the evolution of the three capabilities in the three-month span of the IWRM course was just as diverse and despite our expectations, they did not always increase, and sometimes even decreased. The methodology we used to analyze the data proved to be an interesting compromise between the collection and treatment of the data and the precision of the final results delivered to researchers, but also practitioners and participants. The evaluation of a collective capability was the most difficult part of the analyses, because of the multiple group configuration that can take place during a workshop. Despite the efforts undertaken to make the evaluation tool as appealing as possible to participants and practitioners, its inclusion within participatory processes could still be improved, in order to ensure its double implementation (ex ante and ex post). The capability approach that serves as a conceptual framework in this research does presents strong assets to capture the motivations, interests and capacities of participants in terms of water resource management and collective action. In order to be even more useful to practitioners and participants, our evaluation tool would benefit from the collection and treatment of additional information concerning people’s involvement in the real-life evaluated participatory process or training and to the events and social dynamics taking place outside of the evaluation tool

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André, Karin. "Climate change adaptation processes : Regional and sectoral stakeholder perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-90500.

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This thesis analyses how societal adaptation processes in public and private sectors at the regional to local level in Sweden are enacted. The thesis pays particular attention to critical factors that constrain or enable adaptation by focussing on: who are the stakeholders, how do different stakeholders perceive their capacity to adapt, and the role of stakeholder interaction in facilitating adaptation processes A combination of two analytical perspectives is used where one is based on key concepts within adaptation literature, and the other draws on boundary crossing and transdisciplinary knowledge production (stakeholders, adaptive capacity, and science-based stakeholder dialogues). The study is conducted within the scope of two overall case studies of local adaptation processes within an urban region, and a land-use based sector, the private forestry sector. The cases are setting the scene for the collection of empirical material which is achieved through qualitative methods, primarily focus groups discussions with local and regional, public and private stakeholders with an interest in, and responsibility for adaptation. The focus groups meetings are organized as a series of meetings to which different participatory techniques are applied. The study also builds on a comprehensive stakeholder mapping. First, the results suggest a systematic method for identifying stakeholders in adaptation research, policy, and planning applicable in both sectors and regions that combines top-down knowledge with experience and knowledge based on bottom-up processes. Second, the analysis of perceived adaptive capacities reveal several facilitating and constraining factors that relates both to the characteristics of climate risks, experience of climate variability and extreme weather events, and responsibility- and decision-making structures. Third, the analysis of the interaction between local experts and scientists show that there is potential for the boundary spanning function of science-based stakeholder dialogues in facilitating adaptation through stimulating questions and sharing different knowledge bases and experiences among the participants. However further attention needs to be taken to the institutional environment and the role of so called anchoring devices that help local experts to contextualise, discus and thus anchor scientific knowledge in their own decision-making context. In conclusion, there are both commonalities between adaptation processes in the two case studies and some marked differences, e.g., regarding the concept of adaptation, what type of adaptation actions that are identified, the perceived opportunities for adaptation and degree of complexity.
Denna avhandling analyserar hur klimatanpassningsprocesser inom privata och offentliga sektorer på regional till lokal nivå i Sverige initieras, utvecklas och genomförs. Avhandlingen ägnar särskild uppmärksamhet åt identifiering av vilka intressenter (”stakeholders”) som är involverade i att underlätta och genomföra anpassning, uppfattningar om anpassningsförmåga samt vilken roll interaktion mellan olika intressenter kan ha för att underlätta anpassning. En kombination av två analytiska perspektiv används som bygger på tidigare forskning om klimatanpassningsprocesser samt transdisciplinär kunskapsproduktion. Studien genomförs inom ramen för två övergripande fallstudier av anpassningsprocesser i en urban region samt den privata skogssektorn. Fallstudierna utgör grunden för insamlingen av det empiriska materialet som bygger på kvalitativa metoder. Den främsta metoden är fokusgruppsdiskussioner med lokala och regionala, privata och offentliga aktörer med intresse av, eller ansvar för klimatanpassning. Fokusgrupperna organiseras som en serie möten där olika deltagandetekniker tillämpas. Studien bygger också på en omfattande intressentkartläggning. I avhandlingen utvecklas och ges förslag på en stegvis metod för att identifiera intressenter för anpassningsprocesser som kan användas inom forskning och praktik. Studien analyserar också hur olika intressentgrupper upplever förmågan att hantera klimatförändringar. Ett antal möjliggörande och begränsande faktorer identifieras så som karaktären på de upplevda klimatriskerna, erfarenhet av klimatvariationer och extrema väderhändelser, samt ansvar- och beslutsstrukturer. Slutligen, analyseras om och i så fall hur interaktionen mellan lokala experter och forskare som deltar i intressantdialoger (”science-based stakeholder dialogues”) kan underlätta anpassning. Resultaten visar att det finns potential genom att deltagarna ges möjlighet att ställa frågor tillvarandra och dela med sig av sina olika kunskapsbaser och erfarenheter, samt utforska olika anpassningsalternativ. Däremot behövs vidare studier för att undersöka betydelsen av det institutionella sammanhanget samt hur olika verktyg (”anchoring devices”) kan bidra när det gäller att förankra och omsätta kunskap om klimatförändringar i olika beslutskontexter. Avslutningsvis visar denna studie på att det finns både likheter och skillnader i hur anpassningsprocesser kommer till uttryck bland de olika aktörsgrupperna inom fallstudierna, t.ex. när det gäller hur begreppet anpassning används, vilken typ av anpassning som identifieras, upplevda möjligheter för anpassning samt graden av komplexitet.

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Baba, Djara Monita Jean. "Performance measurement of district level hospitals in low income countries: participatory development of an instrument to assess inputs, processes, and outputs for evidence-based management and quality improvement." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/10935.

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Thesis (Dr.P.H.)--Boston University
BACKGROUND: The potential of hospital performance measurement (HPM) to contribute to improved quality of care and patient outcomes is underrepresented in the health system strengthening literature and no standardized HPM instrument exists for hospitals in developing countries. The problem centered Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach is particularly suited to addressing complex organizational problems in low resource settings and is gaining acceptance as an applied research method in healthcare settings. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study using the PAR approach was carried out in 4 hospitals in Cameroon. Quantitative (415 surveys) and qualitative (129 interviews and 77 observations) methods examined how participating in the design of a HPM instrument influences health personnel's knowledge, attitude, interest, and intention to continue use of performance measurement for quality improvement. Changes in scores for the above outcomes from before and after implementation of the performance indicators were compared to scores from a non-participating control hospital at the same time points. RESULTS: Personnel designed and pilot tested performance measurement indicators in all hospital services. Hospitals that actively participated in instrument design showed a statistically significant increase in HPM knowledge and attitude, and were more likely to report intention to continue using HPM as compared to the non-participating hospital. Hospital personnel participating in the design process were more aware of the workload barriers to implementing HPM but nonetheless were more motivated to continue the HPM effort. In addition, the PAR approach fostered ownership, increased skills, raised awareness of performance gaps, and led to a contextually appropriate tool. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of designing and implementing an HPM instrument in a low-resource health care system and highlight the positive benefits of the PAR approach. Further research is needed to determine the effect of regular HPM on quality of care and its sustainability over time in resource constrained settings.

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Farshchi, Shahin, and Roy Rizk. "Prioritising Safe Trips Over Safe Policy Processes - A Pilot Study on the Appropriateness of the Participatory Value Evaluation Method for Encompassing (Feelings of) Safety (and Security) in Public Transport." Thesis, KTH, Systemanalys och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278991.

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It is becoming more important that transport agendas acknowledge complex social sustainability matters like feelings of safety and security. For developing knowledge in this context today, participatory descriptive assessments hold a strong position. However, quantitative methods providing popular transport appraisals, have a clearer impact focus, but struggle with encompassing social sustainability matters. Filling the methodological gap that exists between the participatory descriptive tradition and the quantitative impact tradition, can be vital in moving methods closer to public and policy demands and norms. This work uses independent interdisciplinary collaboration and assesses the appropriateness of the Participatory Value Evaluation (PVE) method for encompassing feelings of safety and security in public transport in the context of Stockholm, Sweden. The PVE method evaluates projects through participation and quantifies results without relying monetary valuation, while allowing for norms to be detected. By using in depth descriptive information as PVE input, this study aims to provide a methodological contribution by analysing the PVE method in a new complex setting with modifications made. Descriptive results from the PVE method is regarded to still advance knowledge on feelings of safety and security, while improving the impact focus of appraisals by evaluating projects. The method can benefit from a focus on transparency, attractive participation and quality in results and the amendment here called ‘re-categorisation’ was found necessary for PVE appraisals. Incentives to keep flawed processes can be found in political and policy realms and with no actor controlling the intersectoral (and interdisciplinary) issue of feelings of safety and security, traditions can have a strong impact. However, this study shows feasibility in improving appraisals given the contemporary public and policy standards.

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Kim, Ana Estefanía. "People's Participation in Decision Making in Mining in Peru: Exploitation or Opportunity?" The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437495265.

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Yang, Sooyung. "A creative journey developing an integrated high-fashion knitwear development process using computerized seamless v-bed knitting systems." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1253.

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This PhD applied a participatory action research approach to address the organizational problems that compromise the use of computerized seamless V-bed knitwear systems in the high-fashion knitwear sector. The research is a response to a widely acknowledged conflict between high-fashion design processes and processes by which designs are developed on computerized seamless V-bed knitting systems. The social, organizational, and technical aspects of design and manufacturing using computerized seamless V-bed knitting technology in high-fashion knitwear design were analyzed as a socio-technical system (STS). This approach led to a review of the workflows, tasks and roles; identifying and testing new design and manufacturing processes, design methods, and garment solutions; creating a theory model of a new integrated design process; and developing and testing new design processes, design methods, and fashion design education courses that teach these new fashion knitwear approaches.The research was undertaken using a Shima Seiki WholeGarment® system, a current computerized seamless V-bed knitting design and manufacturing technology. The studio workspace, yarn, use of the Shima Seiki system; involvement in fashion projects, and associate supervision were provided by the Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA).The research demonstrated a high-fashion knitwear designer can undertake all aspects of managing computerized seamless V-bed knitwear design and production to the completion of 1st sample, the first successful sample of a new fabric or garment, was produced using the computer knit data. This finding was developed into a new integrated design process and design methods that remove most of the problems of computerized seamless V-bed knitting systems in high-fashion and offers additional benefits including reduction in time to market and design costs, and increases in the creative solution space for high-fashion knitwear design.The researcher has called this new role, a ‘designer-interpreter’ to denote a professional knitwear designer with additional training in managing computerized seamless knitting machines. Within the context of ‘designer-interpreter’, this research also established the feasibility of a new form of a ‘post-industrial craft-based one-person knitwear production system’.

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Chagas, Afonso Maria das. "Cenários e processos de participação política: um estudo sobre os movimentos sociais do campo em Rondônia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/180924.

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A presente tese projeta seu objetivo na busca pela compreensão do fenômeno das organizações e movimentos sociais do campo, desbordando na relação que estes movimentos criam e sustentam frente ao Estado: órgãos/autarquias e agentes públicos. É possível sistematizar esta pesquisa, na confluência entre três grandes eixos analíticos: a questão agrária e sua centralidade, os movimentos sociais do campo, e o Estado. Assim, apresenta-se como de suma importância, seja para a academia, seja para o debate com a sociedade, a percepção de tal debate, sobretudo diante de várias narrativas que dizem respeito à “vocação desenvolvimentista” do Estado de Rondônia. Por outra via, em sintonia analítica com as abordagens das Teorias sociais da Teoria política, torna-se fundamental a compreensão deste fenômeno, no sentido de identificar ou extrair os elementos essenciais, consensuais ou não, sobre a relação entre Estado e movimentos sociais do campo, em seus amplos e plurais processos de interação e participação. Agregou-se ao projeto, a pesquisa de campo onde buscou confrontar duas perspectivas ou autorepresentações De um lado, a forma como os movimentos sociais compreendem e se compreendem na relação com o Estado. Sob outro ângulo, a perspectiva que o Estado dimensiona, através de seus atores, sobre o papel, função e mediação, dos movimentos sociais do campo, no Estado de Rondônia. Para alicerçar parâmetros de análise, ampliando o espaço hermenêutico sobre a compreensão do fenômeno, buscou-se anteparo tanto da perspectiva teórica de autores como Antonio Gramsci, José Carlos Mariátegui e Raymundo Faoro, quanto em autores pátrios que, deram ao tema, um enfoque analítico considerado relevante e atual para a compreensão da questão, no Brasil e na região amazônica, sobretudo. Tal análise, enfim, vincula-se à perspectiva de conhecer, verificar e compreender a questão dos “processos participativos” ante os paradigmas da Teoria Política da Organização da sociedade, sobretudo sob a perspectiva da Teoria do Processo Político, ou das “oportunidades políticas”.
The present thesis aims at understanding the phenomenon of social organizations and movements in the countryside, overflowing in the relationship that these movements create and sustain vis - à - vis the State: organs / municipalities and public agents. It is possible to systematize this research, in the confluence between three great analytical axes: the agrarian question and its centrality, the social movements of the field, and the State. Thus, the perception of this debate, especially in the face of various narratives that concern the "developmentalist vocation" of the State of Rondônia, is of great importance, both for the academy and for the debate with society. On the other hand, in an analytical line with the approaches of the Social Theories of Political Theory, it becomes fundamental to understand this phenomenon, in the sense of identifying or extracting the essential elements, consensual or otherwise, on the relation between state and social movements of the field , in its wide and plural processes of interaction and participation. He added to the project, the field research where he sought to confront two perspectives or self-representations On the one hand, the way social movements understand and understand each other in relation to the state. From another angle, the perspective that the State, through its actors, assesses the role, function and mediation of the social movements of the countryside in the State of Rondônia. In order to support the parameters of analysis, by broadening the hermeneutic space on the understanding of the phenomenon, we sought the theoretical perspective of authors such as Antonio Gramsci, José Carlos Mariátegui and Raymundo Faoro, as well as authors who gave the theme an analytical approach considered relevant and current for understanding the issue, in Brazil and in the Amazon region, above all. This analysis, finally, is linked to the perspective of knowing, verifying and understanding the question of "participatory processes" before the paradigms of Political Theory of the Organization of society, especially from the perspective of Political Process Theory, or "political opportunities" .

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Sarre, F. J. "Trust, control & translation in the new participatory practice : a critique of the processes, dynamics & impacts of community participation in the curation of new city histories in English museums." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1339142/.

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In this thesis I argue that history galleries work to construct place and culture and that, within this work, the new participatory practice offers a means to materialise participants’ agency in the gallery and interrupt hegemonic conceptions of belonging. I initially identify a growing trend for participatory practice in the curation of English museum galleries. Debates on relations between museum and community and of ethics and justice provide the foundations to the new work. A case-study methodology allows me to understand the practice from the perspectives of those involved. Actor-network theory provides a model to map both the enduring associations, which frame the projects, and the new voluntary associations with community members. I recognise all those involved as actors translating their personal agency into the project, and theorise the participants’ direct and indirect influence on the galleries as transformative translation. These actions include direct control of curation and influences on staff learning. The dynamics of trust, agency and participation are theorised as critical to the success of the practice. In order to assess the impact of participatory practices I apply discourse analysis to the finished galleries. This reveals the dominant discourses being constructed. These narratives are counterpointed with the co-present discourses on cultural diversity. More or less inclusive constructions of belonging for the city are noted as an unresolved debate on the terms of belonging arises in the relationship between these narratives. Finally I bring together analyses of process and product to discuss ways in which the participatory practice can help museums to re-imagine the gallery and the city. I note the ethical benefits of participatory working practices but highlight the role of staff choice in inviting such participation. I argue staff have an obligation to act ethically and offer guidelines to assist in this process.

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Bethel, Matthew. "Geospatial Technology/Traditional Ecological Knowledge-Derived Information Tools for the Enhancement of Coastal Restoration Decision Support Processes." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1228.

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This research investigated the feasibility and benefits of integrating geospatial technology with traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of an indigenous Louisiana coastal population in order to assess the impacts of current and historical ecosystem change to community viability. The primary goal was to provide resource managers with a comprehensive method of assessing localized ecological change in the Gulf Coast region that can benefit community sustainability. Using Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and other geospatial technologies integrated with a coastal community's TEK to achieve this goal, the objectives were (1) to determine a method for producing vulnerability/sustainability mapping products for an ecosystem-dependent livelihood base of a coastal population that results from physical information derived from RS imagery and supported, refined, and prioritized with TEK, and (2) to demonstrate how such an approach can engage affected community residents who are interested in understanding better marsh health and ways that marsh health can be recognized, and the causes of declining marsh determined and addressed. TEK relevant to the project objectives collected included: changes in the flora and fauna over time; changes in environmental conditions observed over time such as land loss; a history of man-made structures and impacts to the area; as well as priority areas of particular community significance or concern. Scientific field data collection measured marsh vegetation health characteristics. These data were analyzed for correlation with satellite image data acquired concurrently with field data collection. Resulting regression equations were applied to the image data to produce estimated marsh health maps. Historical image datasets of the study area were acquired to understand evolution of land change to current conditions and project future vulnerability. Image processing procedures were developed and applied to produce maps that detail land change in the study area at time intervals from 1968 to 2009. This information was combined with the TEK and scientific datasets in a GIS to produce mapping products that provide new information to the coastal restoration decision making process. This information includes: 1) what marsh areas are most vulnerable; and 2) what areas are most significant to the sustainability of the community.

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Siljehag, Eva. "Igenkännande och motkraft : Förskole- och fritidspedagogikens betydelse för specialpedagogiken - En deltagarorienterad studie." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Human Development, Learning and Special Education(LHS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7185.

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The aim of this study was to describe, explain and understand the importance of preschool and leisure pedagogy for special education. Knowledge was therefore generated concerning teacher’s reflection on three themes: 1) the view of knowledge, people and society, 2) special education as organisation, activity and content, 3) a gender perspective and its implication for their realisation of a professional practice. An analytical aim was to understand the content of the teachers’ reflection process in a critical social perspective. The group included 14 persons. The empirical material consists of eleven analysed group meetings, two sets of interviews with the participants, educational policy documents, archive material and two background interviews. The study is based on a participatory research approach and on democratic knowledge processes guided by critical social theory. The participants formulate the importance of sensory experiences, multiple forms of knowledge and on all people’s equal value. The qualification structure of the group includes overview as well as direct work with an interior and exterior organisation. The participants associate questions from the field with revealed opportunities and obstacles, relations, processes and contexts. The analysis shows that solely acceptance of the different child is not enough. Recognition precedes the appreciation of the unique and absolute Subject. The analysis by the group reveals a reproduction of subordination. The qualification structure of salaried employee and service production demands critical consciousness to avoid exploitation and control in a capitalist and market-oriented society. The double subordination of the group in the school world contains the power of recognising this partly as an opportunity for a counter power based on the justified participation on equal terms, partly as a counter power to the current tendency to split pedagogical and collective work on value issues.

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Kindle, Elias, Christina Sieber, and Michael Wzdulski. "Public Engagement and Participation in Municipalities : Adding Meaning to Planning and Decision Making Processes for a Collaborative Journey Towards Sustainability." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2236.

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People shape the development of our society and the majority of the world’s population lives in urban areas. Given these circumstances, there is high value in supporting municipalities in their transition towards sustainability. Municipalities have the opportunity to engage directly with the general public by utilizing a participatory approach in planning and decision making. This thesis explores the conditions that enable and hinder municipalities from (i) engaging with the public and (ii) achieving effective and meaningful participation from their citizens. The findings of this study were incorporated into the Ideal Case for Strategic Integrated System Development (SISD), an outline for participatory and cross-sectoral planning towards sustainability in cities and nations. The research focused on developing the elements of engagement and participation in the Ideal Case for SISD, thereby adding depth to the suggested planning process and making it more relevant for engagement and sustainability practitioners.

sustainablecommunitiesstudy@gmail.com

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Nelson, Meaghan Brady. "How Social Consciousness and the Development of Social Responsibility Can Grow Through the Meaning-Making Processes of Collaboration and Artmaking." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343620040.

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Couture, Aurélie. "Fabrication de la ville et participation publique : l'émergence d'une culture métropolitaine : le cas de la Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22100/document.

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A partir des années 2000, la participation publique fait en France l’objet d’une attention grandissante, tant dans les sphères sociale et politique que dans le monde de la recherche. La fabrication de la ville en est le terreau privilégié, support de revendications et d'initiatives citoyennes d’un côté, de procédures et d'expériences institutionnelles de l’autre. Vectrice de régulation sociale, de développement durable et de vitalité de la démocratie, l'implication du public aux projets et décisions gagne en ampleur dans un contexte marqué par la complexification du fait urbain et de ses modalités de gouvernance. Promue par les intercommunalités, elle répondrait à un double enjeu de légitimation politique et de modernisation des modes de faire dans une visée métropolitaine. Le cas de la Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux illustre particulièrement bien cela.Par le déploiement d'exercices participatifs novateurs touchant à des politiques et à des stratégies d'agglomération, elle chercherait à s'affirmer comme chef de file de la gouvernance métropolitaine autant qu'à impliquer directement les habitants et usagers du territoire dans le cadre d'une « citadinité » renouvelée. Cette ambition se traduit dans les orientations politiques récentes, qui transforment le positionnement stratégique, l'organisation et les pratiques de la Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux. S'ensuit une montée en compétence des acteurs – techniciens, membres du Conseil de développement durable, élus – témoin de la professionnalisation des activités de participation. Ce double mouvement, institutionnel et professionnel, laisse présager d'une évolution profonde et durable de l'action communautaire dans une logique plus transversale et collaborative. Cette analyse est le fruit d'une recherche menée au sein de l'institution par le biais d'un dispositif CIFRE. Elle repose sur une méthode d'observation participante, couplée à des entretiens thématiques et à l'examen d'un corpus de processus participatifs récents
From the 2000s , public participation in France is the subject of increasing attention in both the social and political spheres in the world of research. The privileged context is the production process of cities as it supports citizens claims and initiatives on the one hand , procedures and institutional experiences on the other hand. Vector of social regulation, sustainable development and vitality of democracy, public involvement in projects and urban decisions gains momentum in a context marked by the complexity of the urban reality and its governance. Promoted by intermunicipalities it meets a dual challenge of political legitimacy and modernization of metropolitan operating methods. The case of the Urban Community of Bordeaux illustrates this particularly well. Through the deployment of innovative participatory exercises related to agglomeration policies and strategies, it seeks to assert itself as a leading method in metropolitan governance as well as to directly involve residents and users of the territory in a context of renewed "citizenship". This ambition is reflected in recent policy orientations, which transform the strategic positioning of the organization and practices of the Urban Community of Bordeaux. What followed is an increase in the technical skills of the stakeholders - technicians, members of the Sustainable Development Council, elected bodies- witness of the professionalization of participation. This double movement, institutional and professional, suggests a profound and lasting change in community action as a part of a more collaborative and cross logic. This analysis is the result of a research conducted within the institution within the framework of a CIFRE contract. It is based on the method of participant observation together with thematic interviews and the analysis of a body of recent participatory processes

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Campos, Ana Paula. "Inventório. Processos de design na divulgação científica para crianças: estudo de caso de livro informativo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16134/tde-02092016-152309/.

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A pesquisa de caráter qualitativo teve como objetivo levantar e discutir maneiras pelas quais o campo do design pode contribuir para a divulgação científica para o público infantil. A partir de um levantamento de casos de comunicação da ciência para crianças no Brasil e exterior, de naturezas e mídias diversas, foram identificados os processos de design empregados e determinados os eixos investigativos da pesquisa: processos colaborativos, processos participativos, ludicidade e design da informação. Para evidenciar e discutir as questões relativas aos quatro eixos, foi realizado um estudo de caso sobre o livro informativo para crianças Lá fora - Guia para descobrir a natureza (textos de Maria Ana Peixe Dias e Inês Teixeira do Rosário, ilustrações de Bernardo P. Carvalho, editora Planeta Tangerina, Portugal, 2014). O estudo de caso baseou-se em revisão bibliográfica relativa a: processos colaborativos, processos participativos, processos voltados ao lúdico, design da informação, livros ilustrados e livros informativos para crianças. As análises sugerem que as contribuições do campo para a divulgação científica para crianças potencializam-se quanto mais abrangente for o escopo de participação do design e quanto mais inicial for o estágio de projetação em que é introduzido. Além disso, de cada eixo investigativo sobressaem contribuições específicas ligadas às forma de participação do design no processo de produção da divulgação, a saber: o rigor informativo, investigativo e crítico, e a criatividade na abordagem dos temas da ciência (processos colaborativos); a defesa da autonomia, do protagonismo e do respeito às necessidades cognitivas e emocionais da criança (processos participativos); a aproximação poética, aberta, imaginativa e complexa dos assuntos tratados (processos voltados à ludicidade); e o cuidado com a usabilidade dos objetos, a legibilidade e a visualização da informação (design da informação).
This qualitative study aimed to raise and discuss ways in which the design field can contribute to science communication for children. Specific applied design processes and certain investigative axes of research were identified from a survey of cases of science communication for children in Brazil and abroad, of different natures and media: collaborative processes, participatory processes, playfulness and information design. In order to highlight and discuss questions relating to these four axes, we conducted a case study of the children\'s information book Lá fora - Guia para descobrir a natureza (texts by Maria Ana Peixe Dias and Inês Teixeira do Rosário, illustrations by Bernardo P. Carvalho, Planeta Tangerina, Portugal, 2014). The case study is based on literature review on: collaborative processes, participatory processes, processes aimed at playfulness, information design, picturebooks and children\'s information books. The analysis suggests that the design field contribution to science communication for children can be enhanced the more comprehensive its scope is and the earlier it is introduced in the design process. In addition, each investigative axis highlights specific contributions, linked to the form of participation that design takes on the production process of the publication, namely: the informative, investigative and critical accuracy, and the creativity in addressing the themes of science (collaborative processes); the defense of autonomy, leadership and respect to cognitive and emotional needs of the child (participatory processes); the poetic, open, imaginative and complex approach of subjects addressed (processes aimed at playfulness); the attention to the usability and readability of objects, and its information visualization (information design).

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Araujo, Theo Lovizio de, and Camila Barretto Maia. "Que impactos esperar da participação na elaboração de políticas públicas? Proposta de um conjunto de critérios para avaliar o processo participativo do Plano Diretor de São Paulo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17379.

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Many positive results are normally assigned to participation, ranging from the improvement of public policies to the democratization of the State and the promotion of a culture of participation in public affairs. In Brazil, participatory arrangements were broadly institutionalized in the past decades and are now a part or the legal framework that structures public administration. Very little was done, however, to establish standards to verify the efficacy of these arrangements. This work studies the participatory process for the elaboration of the Master Plan of the city of São Paulo ('Plano Diretor Estratégico'), held between March and September 2013 by the city’s Urban Development Secretary ('Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Urbano'). With the aim of suggesting a set of criteria for the evaluation of this and of other participatory processes, this study deepens its regard over the spaces of interaction between government and society during the elaboration of the Plan. Through the analysis of documents and qualitative research based on interviews with key participants and public administrators, it identifies and applies a set of evaluation criteria to the participatory process of the Master Plan. By doing this, it also reveals a double logic behind the relationship between State and society during the process. On the one hand, it comprised broad channels for participation and innovative efforts by the local authorities to put forward a methodology based on dialogue and consent. On the other hand, it was characterized by an active role of the State in managing the conflicts between a restricted number of organized sectors, such as the housing movement, the housing market and neighbor associations from Strictly Residential Areas ('Zonas Estritamente Residenciais'), in a relationship typical of corporativism.
À participação social costumam-se atribuir resultados positivos que vão desde o aperfeiçoamento das políticas públicas até a democratização do Estado, passando pelo estímulo à construção de uma cultura participativa. No Brasil, os arranjos participativos foram amplamente institucionalizados nas últimas décadas, passando a fazer parte do arcabouço legal que rege a administração pública. Pouco se avançou, no entanto, na definição de parâmetros para a determinação da eficácia e eficiência destes arranjos. O presente trabalho estuda o processo participativo de elaboração do Plano Diretor Estratégico da cidade de São Paulo (PDE), realizado de março a setembro de 2013 pela Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Urbano (SMDU). Com o objetivo de propor um conjunto de critérios para a avaliação deste e de outros processos participativos, o trabalho aprofunda o olhar sobre os espaços de interlocução entre o poder público e a sociedade que permearam a elaboração do Plano. Tanto a seleção quanto a aplicação dos critérios de avaliação se fundamentam na análise documental e na pesquisa qualitativa realizada por meio de entrevistas com participantes-chave e com gestores. Como consequência deste exercício, o trabalho revela a dupla lógica das relações Estado-sociedade na construção do Plano Diretor de São Paulo. Por um lado, elas caracterizaram-se pela amplitude dos espaços e canais de participação e por um esforço inovador da gestão em relação à estruturação de uma metodologia participativa para o diálogo e o consenso. Por outro, foram marcadas por um papel ativo do Estado na mediação de conflitos entre setores organizados, tais como o movimento de moradia, o mercado imobiliário e as associações de moradores de Zonas Estritamente Residenciais, típico do corporativismo.

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Börjeson, Lowe. "A History under Siege : Intensive Agriculture in the Mbulu Highlands, Tanzania, 19th Century to the Present." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-215.

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This doctoral thesis examines the history of the Iraqw’ar Da/aw area in the Mbulu Highlands of northern Tanzania. Since the late nineteenth century this area has been known for its intensive cultivation, and referred to as an “island” within a matrix of less intensive land use. The conventional explanation for its characteristics has been high population densities resulting from the prevention of expansion by hostility from surrounding pastoral groups, leading to a siegelike situation. Drawing on an intensive programme of interviews, detailed field mapping and studies of aerial photographs, early travellers’ accounts and landscape photographs, this study challenges that explanation. The study concludes that the process of agricultural intensification has largely been its own driving force, based on self-reinforcing processes of change, and not a consequence of land scarcity.

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Tagesson, Pär. "Northern Star & Exit: A board game design process : Ett examensarbete inom Teknisk Design." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74854.

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This report describes an independent design-project with the purpose of designing a board game design process and as a result a re-design of anindependently developed board game named Northern Star, which under-gone development for three years prior to the project as a hobby-project (and may be subject to a Kickstarter at a later date).Northern Star was initially based on a competitive, strategic, card- and dice-based elements which evolved into a thematic, narrative and semi-cooperative game as a result of the project. Initially this game was developed outside the project in two prior courses (D0046A: Usability and D0051A: Context & Analysis) in which all results can be found in appendix 1). The target-group of the project were groups consisting of social circles with relatively long experience in regards to (mainly thematic) board games. The process used were mainly an agile project plan and weekly design sprints based around an iterative design process (much alike IDEOS (2015) three linear phases of inspiration, ideation and prototyping). However it was used in a non-linear way where the designer freely choose of which of the three phases that was to be used. During the inspiration-phase substantial amounts of data were recorded in a pre-study (see appendix 1) as well as user-needs (see appendix 2) were a benchmark led the designer to a design-specification (which also resulted in a new method in regards to board game design processes) were the projects core-values were defined guiding further development of Northern Star. This was followed by a cyclic process in which a concept were generated for Northern Star which led to rapid prototyping and the realization of a physical product, tested duringworkshops. Here the participants gave feedback in the form of discussions, surveys and video-footage for later analysis which added for additional inspiration in which the cyclic process began anew.This process lead to a re-design of Northern Star (briefly mentioned above) were an interactive board game box allowed for an organic game-play system evolving over time with a lot of focus given on player-interaction, meaningful choice, few components as well as immersion in the form of a graphically rich representation of the theme.A new design-process were developed and given the name: Exit: A board game design process in which a lot of focus was given human-centered and participatory design (supported by the theoretical framework and the project-results). This was realizedas a board game where the designers goal is to get from the beginning step - start (inspiration phase) to exit (end of the implementation phase) in which the designer was given choice of free movement between different phases through a field given the name “warp”. Lastly two questions were answered:•How can participatory and human-centered design (also in regard to research) as well as relevant theory contribute to a redesign for Northern Star as well as a better design-process for those involved in similar fields? •How can norms be identified and used in regards to making a more competitively successful product? Answers revolved around how human-centered design have a lot of similarities to board game design supported by exploration of different perspectivesand gave rise to opportunities for normative design(decreasing stigmatization around board games and resulting in unique solutions).

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Monfort-Nelson, Erin M. "Developing environmentally sustainable apparel through participatory design." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16992.

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Master of Science
Department of Apparel, Textiles & Interior Design
Sherry J. Haar and Kim Y. Hiller Connell
Many sustainable garments do not engage wide consumer interest, nor encourage eco-conscious purchasing. Meanwhile, mass consumption of unsustainable apparel contributes to environmental degradation (Black, 2008). However, Niinimäki (2010) suggests that engaging consumers in the design and development of environmentally sustainable products could improve the balance between environmental design decisions and functional, aesthetic, and emotional qualities (Lamb & Kallal, 1992). The purpose of this practice-based research was to (a) identify apparel and environmental attitudes and consumption behaviors of potential sustainable apparel consumers, (b) generate sustainable apparel design concept and product through use of participatory design methods, and (c) evaluate the sustainable concept, product, and participatory method. The sample was 10 female university students. Consumer data was collected through an online (i.e., Facebook) ethnographic journal and a focus group. Qualitative analysis generated the target market’s ideal apparel characteristics and ideal environmental apparel characteristics as apparel offering versatility and variety within their existing wardrobes; elements expressive of their personalities; simple and inexpensive maintenance; organic or recycled materials; and less textile waste at disposal. Additionally, it was determined that participants had low knowledge of the apparel and textile industry and its environmental impacts. Generation of sustainable apparel design ideas occurred through a second focus group session. Analysis of the focus group data, combined with the researcher’s tacit sustainable design knowledge, formed a design concept. The sustainable apparel design concept was comprised of three characteristics reflective of the target market’s ideals and design suggestions: be versatile through various temperatures; social settings, and environments; be convertible through temporary adjustment of functional and aesthetic elements; and be transitional allowing the garment to be layered for greater thermal insulation without detracting from the appearance. The sustainable apparel concept was an application of the pre-existing Design for User Interaction sustainable design strategy. The sustainable apparel design concept was then applied to the development of an outerwear garment and presented to the participants and mentors as a digital sketch. The design addressed the sustainable design concept through interchangeable envelope-style shell layers, an insertable thermal core layer, a buttoned closure at the hemline and interconnecting button points for added alignment between layers. In this garment, the researcher applied participants’ suggestions of style, materials, and inclusion of a core layer. Following sketch refinement, two prototypes were constructed. The first prototype consisted of a thermal core layer and outer coat layer. Due to challenges with the core layer fabric, the second prototype modified the core layer material and style. Additionally, in the second prototype, the shell was made sleeveless and both a bolero style jacket and lining were added. Dual button fasteners connected the layers. During the third focus group session, participants evaluated the design concept, second garment prototype, and the participatory design methods. Participants noted that the design concept provided increased ease of garment care (which could potentially increase the frequency of laundering); ease of garment storage; and increased versatility through varying temperatures. Participants’ suggestions for prototype refinement included the addition of a kick-pleat and reduction of button alignment points. Prototype development did not reach completion during this study. Further refinement of the garment’s pattern and fit, implementation of additional aesthetic/functional elements, and development of an intuitive transformation are necessary. Participant evaluation of participatory methods and study participation were the use of Facebook as an online ethnographic journal made daily participation easy and allowed the researcher to become familiar with their personalities, increasing their comfort at later stages of the research. Participants felt their suggestions were evident in the garment prototype and were as involved as their experience and knowledge allowed. The only participant suggestion regarding the participatory design experience was the addition of updates informing participants of the design progress between focus group sessions. Though the concept and resulting garment were not exceedingly original, participants were pleased with the fruition of their ideas. This finding indicates a willingness to participate in the design process, supportive of participatory design.

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Costa, Joana Sofia Batista de Sousa Correia da. "Estratégias para preservação da integridade patrimonial." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18460.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
A tese Estratégias para a preservação da integridade patrimonial Cidade Velha, Cabo Verde: a diversidade como elemento estruturante de uma arquitetura contemporânea pretende ser uma reflexão sobre o património arquitetónico da primeira cidade europeia nos trópicos e uma abordagem prática para uma nova matriz de planeamento, reabilitação e construção. A Cidade Velha é Património Mundial da Humanidade e está num processo de transformação. No entanto, a preservação do património edificado, embora constitua um potencial fator de crescimento e bem-estar da comunidade, não se tem revelado o vetor prioritário desse crescimento. A ideia de que a preservação da cidade deve ser pensada em primeiro lugar para a sua comunidade e depois para quem a visita, é cuidadosamente equacionada na proposta apresentada, de formar a salvaguardar a imagem da cidade, alargando o espectro do projeto à reabilitação, ao planeamento dos espaços públicos, e à nova construção contemporânea. A importância de preservar o património local, a par dos problemas que enfrenta no seu desenvolvimento urbano e social, dita a necessidade de encontrar uma solução, enquadrada na realidade cabo-verdiana e do seu centro histórico, de caracter participativo, mostrando que é possível acrescer ao património novas possibilidades conferindo-lhe maiores vantagens para a comunidade local e para a economia do país.
ABSTRACT: Preservation strategies for the patrimonial integrity. Cidade Velha, Cabo Verde: diversity as a structuring element of a contemporary architecture thesis aims to be a reflection on the architectural heritage of the first European city in the tropics and a practical approach to a new rehabilitation, construction and planning matrix. Cidade Velha is a World Heritage Site that has been in an ongoing change process, but where the rehabilitation of the vernacular heritage, although its potential as a factor of growth and community well-being, has not been considered as a priority. The idea that city’s preservation should be conceived in first place for its community and then for those who visit it is carefully considered in the proposal presented, to safeguard the image of the city, by widening the spectrum of the project to rehabilitation, public spaces planning, and to the new contemporary construction. The importance of preserving local heritage, along with all the problems it faces in its urban and social development, dictates the need to find solutions, adapted to the cape-verdean reality and its historical center specificities, by means of using public participation and showing that it is possible to add to the heritage, new possibilities with greater advantages for the local community and for the economy of the country.
N/A

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Santoro, Amanda. "Recycling as play: encouraging recycling through a participatory design process with children." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32708.

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Master of Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Jason S. Brody
Recycling in many cities faces dilemmas with accessibility and education, especially within the public realm, which leads to a lack of participation in this sustainable activity. The City of Kansas City, Missouri does not currently provide recycling solutions for multi-family and commercial businesses and has minimal to non-existent recycling infrastructure within its downtown’s public realm. Envisioning a new recycling system for a city requires many entities to come together in the design process. However, the city, landscape architects, and other designers frequently overlook incorporating children into the participatory community design process, even though children have knowledge, experiences, and ideas to offer (Speak, 2000). Incorporating many avenues of community input can benefit the design outcomes, and children should be included in the participatory design process when it engages their built environment. The Kansas City Design Center (KCDC) produced a vision plan and conceptual site designs for downtown Kansas City’s recycling system. Community input was part of the KCDC studio project’s design process by utilizing a series of advisory council meetings, professional reviews, and open houses. This report integrated another form of community involvement into the project by working with children on designing urban space and playful infrastructure focused on encouraging participation in recycling. A series of design charrettes were conducted with 5th grade students from Kansas City’s urban charter school Crossroads Academy due to the school’s focus on immersion in the urban environment. The students’ design charrette ideas added a new perspective to how urban space and recycling infrastructure could encourage participation. These ideas and perspectives were shared with classmates and utilized to further design development in the recycling project's streetscape "Links" strategy. As the project developed, the researcher observed how the children's ideas impacted the "Links" strategy design coming through in playful ground plane designs, interactive elements, concepts of place-making, and considerations for a variety of users. The participatory process with the children was most influential on those involved directly with the children's process. This allowed the children's ideas to become inherent base knowledge when designing. Engaging youth’s imaginative minds in the design process for urban space and recycling infrastructure sparked new playful perspectives on how to encourage participation and led to meaningful recycling design outcomes within the public realm.

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Carstens, L. (Lizette). "Exploring participatory action research during the initial phases of the design process." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41570.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Participatory processes'

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