Books: 'Participatory and deliberative processes'

1

1978-, Röcke Anja, and Herzberg Carsten, eds. Participatory budgeting in Europe: Democracy and public governance. Farnham, Surry, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2016.

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Hearing the other side: Deliberative versus participatory democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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Holdo, Markus. Field notes on deliberative democracy: Power and recognition in participatory budgeting. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, 2014.

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4

Guèye, Bara. Participatory evaluation and budgetary processes. London: International Institute for Environment and Development, 2005.

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García, Xavier Moya. Winning spaces: Participatory methodologies in rural processes in Mexico. Brighton, Sussex, England: Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex, 2003.

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Barros, Tania Jordán. Key elements of effective participatory processes: Three case studies in the UK. Wolverhampton: University of Wolverhampton, 1999.

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7

Bourget, Lisa. Converging waters: Integrating collaborative modeling with participatory processes to make water resources decisions. Alexandria, VA: IWR Press, 2011.

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8

service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Public Participation and Better Environmental Decisions: The Promise and Limits of Participatory Processes for the Quality of Environmentally Related Decision-making. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.

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Entwicklungspolitik, Deutsches Institut für, and International Food Policy Research Institute, eds. Agricultural policies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Understanding CAADP and APRM policy processes ; Research Project "Agricultural Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa : Understanding and Improving Participatory Policy Processes in APRM and CAADP". Bonn: Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), 2009.

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The World Bank's disclosure policy review and the role of democratic participatory processes in achieving successful development outcomes: Hearing before the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, September 10, 2009. Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.

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11

Huber, Annegret, Doris Ingrisch, Therese Kaufmann, Johannes Kretz, Gesine Schröder, and Tasos Zembylas, eds. Knowing in Performing. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839452875.

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How can performing be transformed into cognition? Knowing in Performing describes dynamic processes of artistic knowledge production in music and the performing arts. Knowing refers to how processual, embodied, and tacit knowledge can be developed from performative practices in music, dance, theatre, and film. By exploring the field of artistic research as a constantly transforming space for participatory and experimental artistic practices, this anthology points the way forward for researchers, artists, and decision-makers inside and outside universities of the arts.

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12

Franco, Susanne, and Gabriella Giannachi. Moving Spaces Enacting Dance, Performance, and the Digital in the Museum. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-534-6.

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This collection of essays investigates some of the theories and concepts related to the burgeoning presence of dance and performance in the museum. This surge has led to significant revisions of the roles and functions that museums currently play in society. The authors provide key analyses on why and how museums are changing by looking into participatory practices and decolonisation processes, the shifting relationship with the visitor/spectator, the introduction of digital practices in collection making and museum curation, and the creation of increasingly complex documentation practices. The tasks designed by artists who are involved in the European project Dancing Museums. The Democracy of Beings (2018-21) respond to the essays by suggesting a series of body-mind practices that readers could perform between the various chapters to experience how theory may affect their bodies.

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13

Forester, John F. Deliberative Practitioner: Encouraging Participatory Planning Processes. MIT Press, 1999.

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14

Forester, John F. The Deliberative Practitioner: Encouraging Participatory Planning Processes. The MIT Press, 1999.

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15

The Deliberative Practitioner: Encouraging Participatory Planning Processes. The MIT Press, 1999.

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16

Ekenberg, Love. Deliberation, Representation, Equity: Research Approaches, Tools and Algorithms for Participatory Processes. Open Book Publishers, 2017.

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17

Lafont, Cristina. Democracy without Shortcuts. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848189.001.0001.

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This book articulates a participatory conception of deliberative democracy that takes the democratic ideal of self-government seriously. It aims to improve citizens’ democratic control and vindicate the value of citizens’ participation against conceptions that threaten to undermine it. The book critically analyzes deep pluralist, epistocratic, and lottocratic conceptions of democracy. Their defenders propose various institutional “shortcuts” to help solve problems of democratic governance such as overcoming disagreements, citizens’ political ignorance, or poor-quality deliberation. However, it turns out that these shortcut proposals all require citizens to blindly defer to actors over whose decisions they cannot exercise control. Implementing such proposals would therefore undermine democracy. Moreover, it seems naïve to assume that a community can reach better outcomes “faster” if it bypasses the beliefs and attitudes of its citizens. Unfortunately, there are no “shortcuts” to making a community better than its members. The only road to better outcomes is the long, participatory road that is taken when citizens forge a collective will by changing one another’s hearts and minds. However difficult the process of justifying political decisions to one another may be, skipping it cannot get us any closer to the democratic ideal. Starting from this conviction, the author defends a conception of democracy “without shortcuts.” This conception sheds new light on long-standing debates about the proper scope of public reason, the role of religion in politics, and the democratic legitimacy of judicial review. It also proposes new ways to unleash the democratic potential of institutional innovations such as deliberative minipublics.

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Psygkas, Athanasios. France. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190632762.003.0003.

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This chapter presents the first country case. The French example is illuminating because the EU procedural mandates were transposed into a policymaking environment traditionally described as “statist” and suspicious toward interest groups. This pattern has its origins in the French Revolution and the “republican” perception of the state which would squarely oppose the deliberative-participatory model of chapter 1. Chapter 3 examines how the EU push for new mechanisms of public accountability has translated into institutional practice in the electronic communications sector. It situates these developments in the historical context of the evolution of the French administrative model and state-society relations. It also discusses whether these new processes may gradually give rise to a different perception of the administrative state, one that will be more open to participatory influences in all sectors of administrative policymaking.

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Scoones, Ian. Agricultural Futures. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.031.

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Global assessments have become central to international debates on a range of key policy issues. They attempt to combine “expert assessment” with processes of “stakeholder consultation” in what are presented as global, participatory assessments on key issues of major international importance. This chapter focuses on the IAASTD—the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development—through a detailed analysis of the underlying knowledge politics involved, centered particularly on the controversy over genetically modified crops. Global assessments contribute to a new landscape of governance in the international arena, offering the potential for links between the local and the global and new ways of articulating citizen engagement with global processes of decision making and policy. The chapter argues that in global assessments the politics of knowledge need to be made more explicit and that negotiations around politics and values must be put center stage. The black-boxing of uncertainty, or the eclipsing of more fundamental clashes over interpretation and meaning, must be avoided for processes of participation and engagement in global assessments to become more meaningful, democratic, and accountable. A critique is thus offered of simplistic forms of deliberative democratic practice and the need to “bring politics back in” is affirmed.

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20

Democracy Without Shortcuts: A Participatory Conception of Deliberative Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2019.

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21

Consumers And Nanotechnology Deliberative Processes And Methodologies. Pan Stanford Publishing, 2012.

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22

Development Alternatives (New Delhi, India), ed. Participatory rural habitat processes: Emerging trends. New Delhi: Development Alternatives, 2005.

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23

Fischer, Frank. The Community Forest Movement in Nepal as Participatory Governance: Civil Society, Deliberative Politics, and Participatory Expertise. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199594917.003.0008.

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This chapter provides a detailed example of participatory environmental governance. The experience of the community forest movement and its participatory governance practices in Nepal offers important insights into the broader tensions between democratic participation and technical expertise in climate change policy, especially the role of facilitating public engagement. It explains how a federation established by political activists set up a civil society association that challenged the national Ministry of Forestry and its scientific practices. It also presents the role of a civil society think tank that supported these activities. The efforts of this community forest movement are especially important given the crucial role of forests in reducing carbon emissions. For this reason, it has become a model for global protection of forests in countries around the globe. The chapter presents this development and interrogates its lessons about participatory governance, advanced as an alternative approach to environmental democracy.

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24

Kallis, Giorgos, Paula Antunes, Nuno Videira, and Rui Santos. Integrated Deliberative Decision Processes for Water Resources Planning and Evaluation. IWA Publishing, 2007.

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25

(Editor), Giorgos Kallis, Nuno Videira (Editor), and Paula Antunes (Editor), eds. Integrated Deliberative Decision Processes for Water Resources Planning and Evaluation. IWA Publishing, 2007.

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26

Fischer, Frank. Participatory Environmental Governance: Civil Society, Citizen Engagement, and Participatory Policy Expertise. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199594917.003.0007.

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In search of a more practical approach to environmental democracy, the theory and practice of participatory governance are presented as an alternative that can incorporate key elements of environmental deliberative democracy but at the same time speaks more specifically to ongoing political practices. The chapter first surveys the rise of governance and its emergence in environmental politics. It then examines the claims for governance, in particular a more democratic form of governance, participatory governance. Several concrete examples from Brazil (participatory budgeting), India (people’s planning), and Nepal (community forestry) are briefly sketched, including new models of participatory expertise that have emerged with them. Grounded in real-world political struggles against hierarchy and injustice, participatory governance is seen to address the sorts of conflicts that climate change will increasingly usher in.

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27

United Nations Environment Programme (Corporate Author), Hussein Abaza (Editor), and Andrea Baranzini (Editor), eds. Implementing Sustainable Development: Integrated Assessment and Participatory Decision-Making Processes. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2002.

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28

Hussein, Abaza, Baranzini Andrea, and United Nations Environment Programme, eds. Implementing sustainable development: Integrated assessment and participatory decision-making processes. Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar, 2002.

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29

Access for all: Helping to make participatory processes accessible for everyone. London: Save the Children, 2000.

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30

Landwehr, Claudia. Depoliticization, Repoliticization, and Deliberative Systems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748977.003.0003.

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Deliberative democracy is increasingly criticized as inherently elitist and technocratic, and it is blamed not only for the rise of depoliticized institutions, but also for the rise of anti-political and even populist attitudes in citizens. The chapter analyses the discussion about the depoliticizing implications and effects of deliberation and argues that, contrary to these critics, deliberation must be viewed as a genuinely political mode of interaction. A systemic perspective on deliberation allows us to critically assess the deliberative and democratic qualities of political systems and to see when and where they fail to deliver on their promises. Applied with critical intentions, the deliberative system perspective can be used to identify depoliticized policy areas and undemocratic decision-making processes. Moreover, it can feed into processes of meta-deliberation that allow for a democratization of institutional design.

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31

Participatory Action Research (Qualitative Research Methods). Sage Publications, Inc, 2007.

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32

Holmes, Tim, and Ian Scoones. Participatory Environmental Policy Processes: Experiences from North and South: IDS Working Paper 113. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2000.

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33

Fischer, Frank. Sustaining Democracy in Hard Times: Participatory Theory for Local Environmental Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199594917.003.0012.

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This final chapter explores ideas previously taken up and relates them to political theory, democratic deliberative politics in particular. Up to this point, these ideas have been presented as theoretical contributions to both participatory governance and the relocalization movement. The discussion here seeks to extend the theoretical perspective more specifically to a number of important but relatively neglected traditions in democratic political theory, especially as they relate to ideas taken from the writings of Bookchin and Sale. This involves the theories of associative democracy, insurgent democratic politics, and participatory or democratic expertise. These theoretical orientations are provided as steps in search of a broader environmental political theory that can address the democratic struggles that are anticipated during the socio-ecological climate crisis ahead.

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34

Robert\'s Rules of Order: Pocket Manual of Rules Of Order For Deliberative Assemblies. BiblioBazaar, 2007.

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35

Psygkas, Athanasios. Questioning the European Union’s “Democratic Deficit”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190632762.003.0001.

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This chapter challenges the notion of the EU democratic deficit by demonstrating that exclusive reliance on the parliamentary democracy tradition is misplaced. The reality of extensive administrative policymaking raises questions of accountability that are not unique to the EU level. Indeed, the book argues that the structure of the EU regulatory system may enhance the democratic accountability of national regulatory agencies. This chapter focuses on a preliminary conceptual issue: the accountability-enhancing view of EU law presupposes a different model of democratic accountability, one that does not rest upon the classic representative variant. I call this the “deliberative-participatory model.” The proposed model finds its normative underpinnings in Habermas’s theory of deliberative democracy which is distinguished from other normative accounts. The chapter further outlines the fundamental operative elements of the deliberative-participatory model in practice and compares it to the model of adversarial legalism.

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36

Robert, Henry M. Robert\'s Rules of Order (Large Print Edition): Pocket Manual of Rules Of Order For Deliberative Assemblies. BiblioBazaar, 2007.

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37

Frans H. J. M. Coenen. Public Participation and Better Environmental Decisions: The Promise and Limits of Participatory Processes for the Quality of Environmentally Related Decision-making. Springer, 2010.

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38

Fischer, Frank. Urban Sustainability, Eco-Cities, and Transition Towns: Resilience Planning as Apolitical Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199594917.003.0010.

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After having explored various locally oriented projects in participatory governance that present practical alternatives to the theory of deliberative democracy, this chapter examines the democratic participatory potentials and realities of other local initiatives. It looks at the participatory activities of cities, including large cities, with a particular focus on the role for citizens in programs designed for adaptive responses to the consequences of climate change. Sponsored by city officials, these participatory initiatives are seen to be largely top-down in nature and not generally democratic per se. We then turn to the Transition Town movement, often cited by environmentalists as a progressive ecological alternative founded on citizen engagement. The participatory activities of this movement, while ecologically credible, are shown not to be geared to the furtherance of democratic practices. One main reason has to do with its emphasis on the theory of resilience, which ignores the political questions raised by ecological transition.

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39

Robert's Rules of order: Revised for deliberative assemblies : inclusive of Robert's Rules of order, five hundred and twenty-fifth thousand. Toronto: W. Briggs, 1996.

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40

Garner, Robert. 3. Democracy and Political Obligation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198704386.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the claim that democracy is the ideal form of political obligation. It first traces the historical evolution of the term ‘democracy’ before discussing the debate between advocates of the protective theory and the participatory theory of democracy, asking whether it is possible to reconcile elitism with democracy and whether participatory democracy is politically realistic. It then describes the new directions that democratic theory has taken in recent years, focusing on four theories: associative democracy, cosmopolitan democracy, deliberative democracy, and ecological democracy. It also explains why democracy is viewed as the major grounding for political obligation, with emphasis on the problem of majority rule and what to do with the minority consequences of majoritarianism.

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41

Gastil, John. Designing Public Deliberation at the Intersection of Science and Public Policy. Edited by Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan, and Dietram A. Scheufele. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.26.

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An increasingly popular means of engaging the public uses small-scale deliberative forums, with anywhere from a dozen to hundreds or thousands of citizens meeting face-to-face or online to consider policy questions with important scientific dimensions. When designing such processes, policymakers and civic organizations need to consider how they recruit and retain engaged participants, how they structure the deliberative process itself, and the impacts they hope to achieve, not just for participants but also for the wider society. Although research conducted on deliberation shows the efficacy of these processes, the field will benefit from more systematic analysis of alternative deliberative methods, particularly at different points of entry within the policymaking system.

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42

Bächtiger, André, and John Parkinson. Mapping and Measuring Deliberation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672196.001.0001.

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Deliberative democracy has challenged two widely accepted nostrums about democratic politics: that people lack the capacities for effective self-government; and that democratic procedures are arbitrary and do not reflect popular will; indeed, that the idea of popular will is itself illusory. On the contrary, deliberative democrats have shown that people are capable of being sophisticated, creative problem solvers, given the right opportunities in the right kinds of democratic institutions. But deliberative empirical research has its own problems. In this book two leading deliberative scholars review decades of that research and reveal three important issues. First, the concept ‘deliberation’ has been inflated so much as to lose empirical bite; second, deliberation has been equated with entire processes of which it is just one feature; and third, such processes are confused with democracy in a deliberative mode more generally. In other words, studies frequently apply micro-level tools and concepts to make macro- and meso-level judgements, and vice versa. Instead, Bächtiger and Parkinson argue that deliberation must be understood as contingent, performative, and distributed. They argue that deliberation needs to be disentangled from other communicative modes; that appropriate tools need to be deployed at the right level of analysis; and that scholars need to be clear about whether they are making additive judgements or summative ones. They then apply that understanding to set out a new agenda and new empirical tools for deliberative empirical scholarship at the micro, meso, and macro levels.

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43

Fishkin, James S. Can the People Rule? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820291.003.0002.

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Four criteria must be satisfied for popular control: inclusion (the opportunity for everyone to participate), choice (there must be different options to choose from), deliberation (so that the people think about the choices and their implications), and impact (the choices must have an effect, either on the choice of policies or of office holders). What forms of democracy can be used, either by themselves or in combination, to satisfy these four criteria? The book distinguishes four: competitive democracy (popular elections via political parties), elite deliberation (by representatives), participatory democracy (forms of direct democracy as with ballot measures), and deliberative democracy (deliberation by the people themselves). None of these methods is self-sufficient but how might they work in combination? Other topics include manipulation, the “realist” argument for the lack of popular control via elections, and the Athenian system of popular control, especially in the fourth century BC.

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44

Psygkas, Athanasios. Increasing the “Democratic Surplus”: What Should the Path to the Future Look Like? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190632762.003.0006.

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This chapter concludes by exploring how the findings in the previous chapters can inform future developments in the EU regulatory system and further enhance democratic accountability at both the national and the supranational levels. The chapter first tells a story of convergence: in all three country cases, EU mandates transformed aspects of the preexisting administrative governance, and brought about accountability gains on all prongs of the deliberative-participatory model. However, cross-national variations still exist. This invites consideration of proposals for further EU-driven convergence through the creation, for instance, of a European telecommunications regulatory agency. The chapter suggests that at this stage this idea would result in losses in democratic accountability and would therefore be unwise. Instead, I put forth a proposal that harnesses the accountability benefits of the EU regulatory architecture by tapping into the institutional creativity of the member states and incrementally incorporating further EU-level requirements through a system of feedback loops.

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45

Maia, Rousiley C. M. Politicization, New Media, and Everyday Deliberation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748977.003.0004.

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This chapter investigates ‘everyday talk’ within the deliberative system. The democratic potential of everyday talk is assessed against the normative criteria of deliberation and then with reference to the politicizing and depoliticizing effects of this practice. Against scholars who argue that government-focused forums and mini-publics are internally more democratic than broader processes of everyday discussion in the public sphere, this chapter contends that there is no space that is intrinsically more deliberative than any other, especially when seen from a network of governance. This chapter argues that connections across governmental networks and social spaces are more intricate in an increasingly hybrid media environment. Everyday talk is becoming ever more important for helping citizens to discover problems that may otherwise remain hidden or consigned to the realm of fate or necessity, converting topics of conversation into issues of broader public concern, and criticizing and demanding review of certain political decisions.

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46

Tam, Henry, ed. Whose Government is it? Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529200980.001.0001.

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Civic disengagement has left us with a dangerous chasm between political institutions and the public. This book sets out why and how governments should reconnect with the citizens they serve, both for the sake of democratic legitimacy and public service improvement. It brings together a team of academic experts and public policy leaders to examine the pros and cons of different approaches to develop effective state-citizen cooperation. While there is a role for activities which are designed to bypass the state by leaving matters to private organisations, or pressurise it through lobbying or protesting, no democratic society can function well unless citizens and their government are able to work in partnership in defining and pursuing the public interest. Drawing on extensive research and practical experience of participatory engagement, civic co-production, deliberative democracy, citizenship education, community empowerment from around the world, as well as the UK’s nationwide action-learning programme for civil renewal, ‘Together We Can’, this book analyses the pitfalls and obstacles that need to be anticipated and overcome, and puts forward clear recommendations for achieving sustainable improvements in how state bodies and citizens can secure the common good.

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47

MacKenzie, Michael K. Future Publics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197557150.001.0001.

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This book challenges the idea that democratic processes are functionally short-sighted. Many observers assume that long-term issues will be ignored or discounted in democratic systems because of the myopic preferences of voters, the political dynamics of short electoral cycles, the exclusion (or absence) of future others in decision-making processes, and the reality that democratic processes are often captured by powerful actors with dominant short-term interests. The evidence is clear: we have poorly managed many long-term issues, including climate change, nuclear waste disposal, plastics pollution, natural disaster preparedness, infrastructure maintenance, and budget deficits. This idea—which Michael K. MacKenzie calls the “democratic myopia thesis”—is a sort of conventional wisdom: It is one of those things that scholars and pundits take for granted as a truth about democracy without subjecting it to adequate critical scrutiny. This book challenges this conventional wisdom and articulates a deliberative, democratic theory of future-regarding collective action. It is argued that each part of the democratic myopia problem can be addressed through democratic—rather than authoritarian—means. At a more fundamental level, the book argues that if democratic practices are world-making activities that empower us to make our shared worlds together, they should also be understood as future-making activities. Despite the short-term dynamics associated with electoral democracy, MacKenzie argues that inclusive and deliberative democratic processes are the only means we have for making our shared futures together in collectively intentional, mutually accommodating ways.

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48

Forsyth, Tim. Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.602.

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Community-based adaptation (CBA) to climate change is an approach to adaptation that aims to include vulnerable people in the design and implementation of adaptation measures. The most obvious forms of CBA include simple, but accessible, technologies such as storing freshwater during flooding or raising the level of houses near the sea. It can also include more complex forms of social and economic resilience such as increasing access to a wider range of livelihoods or reducing the vulnerability of social groups that are especially exposed to climate risks. CBA has been promoted by some development nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international agencies as a means of demonstrating the importance of participatory and deliberative methods within adaptation to climate change, and the role of longer-term development and social empowerment as ways of reducing vulnerability to climate change. Critics, however, have argued that focusing on “community” initiatives can often be romantic and can give the mistaken impression that communities are homogeneous when in fact they contain many inequalities and social exclusions. Accordingly, many analysts see CBA as an important, but insufficient, step toward the representation of vulnerable local people in climate change policy, but that it also offers useful lessons for a broader transformation to socially inclusive forms of climate change policy, and towards seeing resilience to climate change as lying within socio-economic organization rather than in infrastructure and technology alone.

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49

Gray, Barbara, and Jill Purdy. Collaborative Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782841.003.0009.

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Governance involves the processes of managing the delivery of public goods. As problems increase in complexity, governments need capabilities that lie beyond the scope of their agencies. Collaborative governance processes involve nongovernmental stakeholders in the work of government using deliberative processes designed to find consensus on complex public issues. This creates a more comprehensive approach to planning, policy, and implementation than government could achieve on its own. The chapter examines various forms of collaborative governance such as transnational policy regimes (like the Kyoto Protocol), certification schemes (such as the Soya Roundtable), public–private partnerships, co-management of natural resources and mandated collaboration. Numerous examples reveal barriers, tensions, structural features, leadership roles, and frameworks for evaluating the success of collaborative governance arrangements.

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50

Epstein, Joshua M. Extensions. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158884.003.0004.

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This part discusses the fourteen extensions of Agent_Zero: endogenous destructive radii; age and impulse control; fight vs. flight; replication of the Latané–Darley experiment; introduction of memory; couplings (entanglement of passion and reason); endogenous dynamics of connection strength; growing the 2011 Arab Spring; jury processes; endogenous dynamics of network structure; multiple social levels; the 18th Brumaire of Agent_Zero; prices and seasonal economic cycles; and mutual escalation spirals. Each of these extensions is explained in detail. In particular, the affective, deliberative, and social components of Agent_Zero are modeled as independent; they all affect disposition and they are entangled. This part also presents examples involving the activation of the yellow spatial sites as well as violent occupation by Blue Agent_Zero actors.

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Books on the topic 'Participatory and deliberative processes'

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