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Charles, Anthony, and Kevin Haines. "Measuring Young People’s Participation in Decision Making." International Journal of Children’s Rights 22, no. 3 (October 27, 2014): 641–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-55680022.
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Young people are frequently exhorted to participate ‘more’ in decision making, both formally and informally. Paradoxically, no standard or comprehensively used measurement tool through which young people’s right to participate in decision making exists. However, a range of participation scales have been developed and these mainly adult-generated tools feature prominently in literature, impacting upon, and informing policy and participative practice. Yet, despite the emphasis on young people’s right to participate in those things which affect them, including how their participation is measured, examples of young person-generated approaches to understanding the extent of their decision making are somewhat elusive. Drawing upon research undertaken in Swansea to explore how young people thought their participation in decision making should be measured, this article focuses and reflects upon the development of an appropriate, participative methodology, the views which young people offered through the enquiry, and the construction of a new participation measurement scale.
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Marshall, Alicia A., and Cynthia Stohl. "Participating as participation: A network approach." Communication Monographs 60, no. 2 (June 1993): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03637759309376305.
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Isidro, María Eugenia. "Investigar participando / participar investigando. Relatos de una experiencia etnográfica." Investigar la Comunicación desde Perspectivas, Teorías y Métodos Periféricos 8, no. 15 (February 1, 2021): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24137/raeic.8.15.14.
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Although ethnography is a widely used approach in Social Science research, in this work we reflect on the experience of having carried out an ethnographic work in a socio-territorial movement. Carrying out an ethnography in a socio-territorial movement generates tensions since participation is not only essential for research, but it is also an indispensable condition to be part of the movement. In this sense, we are dedicated to retracing the path of the investigation, describing in detail how the participant observation was carried out and the interviews were carried out. In addition to analyzing what were the potentialities of its use and we will delve into the tensions that had to be faced during the investigation process placing the accent on reflexivity as an essential tool of social research. Far from believing that objectivity is achieved from the distance with the actors studied, in this work we try to realize that even when involvement seems to be an obstacle in the investigation, this is very rich in ethnographic work if it is accompanied by deep reflective work.
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Kostadinova, Mariana. "INNOVATIVE METHODS AND APPROACHES FOR TRAINING – QUALIFICATION COURSE FOR A PROJECT UNDER THE ERASMUS PROGRAM." Education and Technologies Journal 13, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26883/2010.222.4284.
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In the modern educational system it is important for teachers to increase their professional competence. The teacher must constantly participate in various activities and trainings according to his professional needs. There are different forms of qualifications in which teachers can participate. One of the successful and effective forms is the participation in international mobile qualification courses offered by the Erasmus + program for school partnership. We present innovative methods, approaches and activities from the participation of teachers in such a project. Meeting colleagues from different nationalities within the EU, participating in intercultural experiences is a great opportunity to improve skills, exchange ideas and build a network for future international cooperation.
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Ahn, Young-joo, and Jeanne Bessiere. "The Role of Participative Leadership in Empowerment and Resident Participation." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 11223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811223.
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Traditional tourism development has adopted a top-down approach, and the role of government has primarily been decision making and regulation in regard to tourism development. There has been growing interest in residents’ participation in tourism destination development and management. The study aims provide empirical evidence by examining the relationship between participative leadership, empowerment, and tourism participation among residents living in the provinces near the borders in Korea. We examine the economic benefits derived from tourists as a moderator. A total of 758 questionnaires were used. This study performed descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM). This study examined the effects of participative leadership and empowerment on three categories of residents’ participation in tourism in DMZ areas in South Korea. This present study tests the relationships between and evaluated the effects of participatory leadership and resident empowerment on three types of resident participation. Participative leadership positively influences empowerment and resident participation. In addition, a positive effect of psychological empowerment between participative leadership and participation as a mediator was found. Participative leadership affects motivational processes, and psychological empowerment leads to participation. The results found that residents perceive their participation as important, and there is no difference based on the additional income they derive from tourism. The study contributes to the enhancement of sustainable development and a deeper understanding of how residents act. Furthermore, the results can provide direction for the creation of participative approaches in tourism development.
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Wenke, Rachel, Christy Noble, Kelly A. Weir, and Sharon Mickan. "What influences allied health clinician participation in research in the public hospital setting: a qualitative theory-informed approach." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e036183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036183.
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ObjectivesUsing theoretical frameworks from implementation science, we aimed to systematically explore the barriers and enablers to research active allied health professionals (AHP) participating and leading research in the hospital setting.DesignA qualitative interview study informed by behaviour change theory.SettingSingle Australian tertiary hospital and health service.ParticipantsWe recruited a convenience sample of 21 AHPs working within a hospital who were seeking to actively participate in/or lead research within their workplace.Data collectionSemistructured interviews explored perceived barriers and enablers to research participation, informed by the 14 domains of the theoretical domains framework (TDF). Transcribed interviews were deductively coded and mapped to the TDF. A deeper level of inductive coding was used to identify emergent themes that influenced behaviour change, according to the three key constructs of: capability, opportunity and motivation (COM-B).ResultsBarriers and enablers to research participation were identified within nine predominant domains of the TDF. Most enablers to engaging in research related to the motivation or opportunity constructs of the COM-B. These enablers included positive beliefs about the consequences of research participation, enabling social influences, peer support and motivation for skill development and to inform practice. Predominant barriers related to environmental context and resources (eg, reduced funding or time), emotional responses of being overwhelmed and perceptions of reduced capability.ConclusionThis study identified key barriers and enablers to behaviour change related to AHPs participating and/or leading research. Motivation and opportunities to participate in research may be enabled by maximising social influence opportunities, reiterating beliefs about positive consequences of research and considering AHP’s emotional responses. Implementation science frameworks may provide a more systematic and holistic understanding of factors which influence research participation including enhancing knowledge, motivation and opportunity.
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Zarrett, Nicole, Jack Peltz, Kristen Fay, Yibing Li, Jacqueline V. Lerner, and Richard M. Lerner. "Sports and Youth Development Programs: Theoretical and Practical Implication of Early Adolescent Participation in Multiple Instances of Structured Out-of-School (OST) Activity." Journal of Youth Development 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 18—May. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2007.357.
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Among today’s youth, the most ubiquitous OST activity is sports. However, many of these youth are also participating in at least one other OST activity along with their participation in sports. Using longitudinal data from 1,622 youth (56.8% female) from the first three waves (Grades 5, 6, and 7) of the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD), we employed a pattern-centered approach to assess differences in adolescent functioning depending on what types of OST activities youth were participating in along with their sports participation. Our findings suggest that youth benefit from their sports participation differently depending on what other types of additional activities they participate in during their out-of-school time. In particular, a participation pattern characterized by high participation in sports and Youth Development Programs was found to be the most effective activity profile for promoting PYD and preventing youth problems. Implications of these findings in research and practice are discussed.
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Engström, Jon, and Mattias Elg. "A self-determination theory perspective on customer participation in service development." Journal of Services Marketing 29, no. 6/7 (September 14, 2015): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-01-2015-0053.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore what motivates patients to participate in service development and how participation may influence their well-being. Health-care providers are increasingly adopting practices of customer participation in such activities to improve their services. Design/methodology/approach – This paper builds on an analysis of data from a service development project in which lung cancer patients contributed by sharing their ideas and experiences through diaries. Out of the 86 lung cancer patients who were invited to participate, 20 agreed to participate and 14 fully completed the task. The study builds on participants’ contributions, in-depth interviews with six participants and the reasons patients gave for not participating. Findings – This paper identifies a number of motives: non-interest in participating, restitution after poor treatment, desire for contact with others, volunteerism, desire to make a contribution and the enjoyment of having a task to complete. A self-determination theory perspective was adopted to show how the need to satisfy basic human needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness determines if and how patients participate. Participation may have important benefits for patients, especially an improved sense of relatedness. Practical implications – Service providers must be prepared to meet different patient needs in service development, ranging from the need to express strong distress to expressing creativity. By understanding the dynamics of motivation and well-being, organizers may achieve better results in terms of improved services and in patient well-being. Originality/value – This study makes a significant contribution to the study of customer participation in service development, especially in relation to health care, by offering a self-determination-based typology for describing different styles of patient participation.
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Bencina, Joze. "Fuzzy decision trees as a decision-making framework in the public sector." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 21, no. 2 (2011): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor1102205b.
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Systematic approaches to making decisions in the public sector are becoming very common. Most often, these approaches concern expert decision models. The expansion of the idea of the development of e-participation and e-democracy was influenced by the development of technology. All stakeholders are supposed to participate in decision making, so this brings a new feature to the decision-making process, in which amateurs and non-specialists are participating decision making instead of experts. To be able to understand the needs and wishes of stakeholders, it is not enough to vote for alternatives - it is important to participate in solution-finding and to express opinions about the important elements of these matters. The solution presented in this paper concerns fuzzy decision-making framework. This framework combines the advantages of the introduction of the decision-making problem in a tree structure and the possibilities offered by the flexibility of the fuzzy approach. The possibilities of implementation of the framework in practice are introduced by case studies of investment projects appraisal in a community and assessment of efficiency and effectiveness of public institutions.
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Chauhan, Ekta. "Residents’ Motivations to Participate in Decision-Making for Cultural Heritage Tourism: Case Study of New Delhi." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 8406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148406.
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While academic research has established the need and importance of community participation in decision-making for cultural heritage tourism (CHT), there is still a lacuna in our knowledge when it comes to understanding what are the perspectives and motivations of people to participate in collaborative governance; thus, policymaking suffers from a lack of knowledge on how to effectively motivate and engage communities in heritage tourism management. Participatory approaches often focus on the management of various stakeholders without emphasising enough the understanding of practical and ideological factors that affect their participation. This study seeks to fill this gap in knowledge by attempting to understand residents’ attitudes and motivation towards participating in collaborative decision-making for cultural heritage tourism in their area. The objective of the study is twofold: (1) to identify residents’ attitudes towards CHT in their area and (2) to understand residents’ motivation for participating in participatory governance of CHT. The attitudes and motivations of the residents are looked at from a Weberian lens of formal and substantive rationality and it is established that residents are affected by both economic and non-economic factors in their support for tourism activities in the areas as well as to participate in collaborative decision-making. The study adopts a qualitative approach to study two heritage precincts of New Delhi, India. While the findings are based on the case study areas, they can be used to understand communities of other developing nations as well.
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Shahabul, Haque, Abdulghani Muthanna, and Monira Sultana. "Student participation in university administration: factors, approaches and impact." Tertiary Education and Management 28, no. 1 (December 16, 2021): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11233-021-09087-z.
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AbstractWhat motivates students to participate in student organizations, how students participate in university administration decision-making, and how such participation influences students’ overall development is under-researched in Bangladesh. Therefore, to uncover such dynamics we employed document analyses, observations, and in-depth interviews with 25 university administrators, teachers, students, and social and cultural activists. As a result of this research, the findings reveal several factors behind students’ participation in student organizations that also participate in university administration. While such participation is positive for students’ overall development, the participation in university administration is not that effective. This requires of the university administration to reconsider students’ voices and interests while making decisions related to students’ overall development.
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Chalkley, Anna E., Ash C. Routen, Jo P. Harris, Lorraine A. Cale, Trish Gorely, and Lauren B. Sherar. "“I Just Like the Feeling of It, Outside Being Active”: Pupils’ Experiences of a School-Based Running Program, a Qualitative Study." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 42, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2019-0037.
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Introduction: School-based running programs that promote daily (or regular) walking/jogging/running are an emerging public health initiative. However, evaluation of these programs has predominantly used quantitative measures that limit understanding and explanations of contextual influences on pupil participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to qualitatively explore pupils’ experiences of participating in a primary-school-based running program (Marathon Kids) to provide relevant insights and inform program developments. Methods: Nine semistructured focus groups were conducted with a purposeful sample of 50 pupils (26 girls and 24 boys) between 6 and 10 years of age from 5 primary schools in England. All schools had delivered the running program for 5–9 months during the 2015–16 academic year. Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Results: Pupils identified a range of organizational, interpersonal, and intrapersonal factors that they believed influenced their participation in the program. Six themes were identified as being important to pupils’ experiences: Marathon Kids as an enabling program, pupils’ autonomy to participate, peer influence on participation (e.g., development of social cohesion), teacher influence on delivery (e.g., fidelity of implementation), logistics and suitability of the school environment, and appropriateness of program resources. Conclusions: School-based running programs can offer an enjoyable physical activity experience for children; however, it is important to understand how current delivery approaches influence pupils’ participation. Aspects that were believed to facilitate enjoyment included pupil autonomy to participate, perceived benefits of participation (including psychosocial outcomes), and a supportive school environment. Further research is required to identify the type and level of support required by schools to sustain pupil participation in running programs so that their perceived value is maintained.
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Mubarok, M. Khusni, and Izzatul Fajriyah. "Building Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah Through Participation." JPDI (Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia) 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jpdi.v2i2.343.
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<p>This research examines the public participation in establishing a madrasah Ibtidaiyyah held at MI Al-Hikmah Kalidawir. The methodology used was a qualitative approach. Data analysis procedures through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. There are three findings of the research, namely: first, the presence of some of the participating institutions in MI Al-Hikmah Kalidawir; secondly, the efforts of the madrasah and institutions to encourage people to participate in the school; and third, their work patterns and phases of the madrasah and institutions in realizing the ideals of schools that have superior quality and high participation. This research aims to determine the extent of public participation in the Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah.</p>
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Brewer, LaPrincess C., Maarya Pasha, Pernessa Seele, Sumedha Penheiter, Richard White, Floyd Willis, Monica Albertie, Sarah M. Jenkins, and Christopher Pullins. "Overcoming Historical Barriers: Enhancing Positive Perceptions of Medical Research Among African Americans Through a Conference-Based Workshop." Journal of General Internal Medicine 36, no. 9 (June 14, 2021): 2547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-06736-2.
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Abstract Background African Americans (AAs) and other racial/ethnic minority groups continue to be underrepresented in medical research and clinical trials. Failure to create more racially diverse research cohorts can exacerbate existing health disparities among these groups. Objective To investigate best practices and strategies for enhancing participation of AAs in medical research among attendees of a preconference Institute at a faith-based public health conference. Design Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Participants A total of 21 out of 29 attendees (90% AA) of the Institute (72% response rate). Approach A culturally tailored preconference Institute was held at the 2017 Healthy Churches 2020 National Conference. The Institute was led by AA researchers focused on underrepresentation of AAs in medical research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted 1-year post-Institute (n=21) and were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and reviewed using thematic analysis. Key Results The majority of attendees reported that they were more likely to participate in medical research after attending the Institute (75%). Salient learning points reported by attendees demonstrated attainment of the Institute objectives. Key themes emerged describing barriers preventing AAs from participating in medical research including fear/lack of trust, lack of information on research projects, and not being approached to participate. Key themes regarding facilitators for participation in medical research by AAs were clear communication of study objectives and research benefits along with trust in researchers. Conclusions Attendees’ perceptions of participation in medical research were largely positive following their attendance at a conference-based Institute aimed to address the underrepresentation of AAs in medical research. Our culturally tailored approach to disseminating knowledge of the research process could extend to other national conferences prioritizing AAs and other racial/ethnic minority populations to improve research participation.
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Miao, Shanshan, Wim Heijman, Xueqin Zhu, and Qian Lu. "Social capital influences farmer participation in collective irrigation management in Shaanxi Province, China." China Agricultural Economic Review 7, no. 3 (September 7, 2015): 448–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-05-2014-0044.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of four components of social capital on farmers’ participative behaviour in collective actions for constructing and operating small-scale groundwater irrigation systems on the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province, China. Design/methodology/approach – The four components (social networks, social trust, social reciprocity and social participation) were derived by employing exploratory factor analysis. Logistic model was used to estimate the influence of these components on farmers’ participative behaviour. Information was obtained from a field survey covering six counties in 2011 of Shaanxi Province, China. Findings – The findings indicate that considering different components of social capital allows for a better understanding of farmers’ participative behaviour. The authors find that higher levels of social trust and social participation lead to a higher propensity for collective action, while social reciprocity reduces the probability of participation. Other socio-economic factors and farming characteristics such as education levels, cultivated area, cropping patterns and grain subsidies also have a significant impact. Practical implications – The findings suggest creating favourable conditions for communication and information exchanges between households, which enhance their trust of each other, and encourage farmers to participate in collective affairs. Moreover, supportive rules are necessary for the future development of collective action. The results of this study also have implications for national irrigation plans for small-scale irrigation facilities in other developing countries. Originality/value – A consideration of the different components of social capital allows for a more precise understanding of farmers’ participative behaviour.
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Pevnaya, Maria, Svetlana Kostina, Mariana Cernicova-Bucă, Jerzy Kazmierczyk, and Lilit Asoyan. "Potential of Youth Participation in Local Territory Branding Management." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 20, no. 1 (January 23, 2022): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/20.1.193-214(2022).
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The purpose of this article is an attempt to determine the main characteristics of the potential for youth participation in branding of territory for the implementation of a scientific approach to branding of cities with the participation of residents in different countries. This is the first article that relatively approaches the issue of youth participation in branding of places and takes into account different experiences of countries. The results of a survey of young people in several cities in Poland, Romania, Armenia, Russia were used to develop a model of the potential for youth participation in territory branding on the basis of two scales – attractiveness of the territory and willingness of youth to participate in promoting settlements of their residence. Cross-country differences in the representation of various youth groups were identified in terms of their potential for participating in the branding of local territories. The model can be used as a basis for the development of urban programs for involving youth in territory branding. These programs do not differ significantly across countries and cities. However, the model can be used at the first stage of the development of such programs to highlight the specifics of each territory based on an assessment of the potential according to the research presented in the article.
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Zhang, Yicheng, Chee Wei Phang, Rui Gu, and Chenghong Zhang. "Antecedents and role of individual sociability on participation in mobile collaborative consumption." Internet Research 29, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 1064–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-03-2018-0131.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate what may influence participation in mobile collaborative consumption (CC). In particular, the authors investigate the effects of individual sociability and psychological antecedents including enjoyment, social connection, altruistic motivation, reputation, trust and embarrassment on the participation intention in this emerging phenomenon, as well as their relationships. Design/methodology/approach Survey approach was employed to validate the research model. Findings Hedonic factor, i.e. enjoyment, and social-related factors including altruistic motivation, reputation and embarrassment emerge as important antecedents of participation in mobile CC. On top of these factors, individual sociability plays an important role, by acting as a direct antecedent of the dependent variable, while also influencing their perceived greater altruistic motivation and reputation from participating in the CC. Yet, sociability has no significant effect on perceived enjoyment and embarrassment associated with the activity, suggesting that addressing these factors may encourage individuals with low sociability to participate. Originality/value This study taps into mobile technology to support CC in daily consumption activities, and highlights the factors that influence people’s participation in such activities. More importantly, the findings suggest that while it is more likely for individuals with high sociability to participate in this emerging form of social activities, for consumers with low sociability, addressing the enjoyment aspect and embarrassment issue of the activities may nonetheless promote their participation.
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Wimo, Elisabeth, Ann-Mari Fagerdahl, and Janet Mattsson. "Childrens participation in the PICU from the nurses' perspective." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 9, no. 4 (December 18, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v9n4p65.
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Children who are critically ill are vulnerable and the nurse has a responsibility to meet the child's needs in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The aim was to explore the vulnerable child's participation and how it can be understood through the nurses’ perspective in the nursing care intervention. The study design was an exploratory inductive qualitative approach. Data collection was done through observations and interviews. The data from the observations were analyzed through interpretive phenomenology. The affective elements were viewed as essential for uncover how children participate in the PICU. Three themes emerged through the analysis: Mediated participation, Bodily participation and Participation by proxy. They all highlight different aspect of the vulnerable child's way of participating in the nursing care given, through nurses’ awareness and situated salience. The concept participation should be redefined and broadened; as participation can present itself through the child’s body in diverse ways.
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Lim, Taehee, Oh-Jung Kwon, Mi-Seon Yun, Junsu Bae, and Yun-Kyung Yang. "The participation process of PEAK program for collegiate Taekwondo athletes: A grounded theory approach." Korean Journal of Sport Science 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2021.32.1.33.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the process of participation in the PEAK program of collegiate athletes based on grounded theory. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 athletes from Y University who were registered in Korea Taekwondo Association. The collected data were analyzed by using the open coding, axis coding, and selective coding of the grounded theory, completed the paradigm model among the extracted concepts, and extracted the core categories through the story outline. Results As the result of data analysis, 'participating in the PEAK program' was found as the central phenomenon, and the causal situation was 'bad attitude in class' and 'helpless daily life'. The contextual conditions were 'recognition of the need for class participation and dual career' and 'motivation to participate in the program', and the intervening conditions were 'factors that hinder participation in the program' and 'factors that help program participation'. The action/interaction strategies were ‘caring climate’ and ‘promoting transfer’, and depending on the consequence, ‘learning attitude change’ and ‘life skill change’ appeared. Conclusion Participants improved their learning attitude through the PEAK program and confirmed the possibility of life skills transfer. It is hoped that this study can lead to implementation of various studies and discussions about life skills and transfer.
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Blake, Susan M., Carl J. Caspersen, John Finnegan, Richard A. Crow, Maurice B. Mittlemark, and Kevin R. Ringhofer. "The Shape up Challenge: A Community-Based Worksite Exercise Competition." American Journal of Health Promotion 11, no. 1 (September 1996): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-11.1.23.
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Purpose. To assess organizational and employee participation during three community-wide worksite exercise competitions in two communities. Design. A one-group, posttest-only design was used. Lack of controls, exercise baseline, and the short-term nature of the interventions were limitations. Setting. The Minnesota Heart Health Program conducted annual exercise campaigns between 1982 and 1989 within three intervention communities to reduce behavioral risk for cardiovascular disease. The Shape Up Challenge was a worksite exercise competition designed, in conjunction with other campaign activities, to increase levels of physical activity. Subjects. A total of 119 participating companies in two Minnesota communities, and 17,626 employees within these worksites, composed the subjects in this study. Intervention. Eligible worksites were invited to participate in a month-long competition during which employees recorded minutes spent daily in aerobic activities. Incentives were established to promote intragroup cooperation and intergroup competition. Companies competed for awards that were based on average minutes of exercise per employee versus per participant. Measures. Numbers of companies recruited and participating, campaign activities, minutes of exercise, and costs were recorded on implementation logs. Companies completed surveys describing business type, number and sex of employees, existing health promotion programs, and perceived benefits of participation. Results. Of the 365 companies invited to participate, 33 % participated (range 15 % to 50%). Participating companies were more likely than nonparticipating companies to offer other health promotion programs and perceived greater benefits from participation. Women and smaller companies had significantly greater participation rates than men and larger companies. Average employee participation rates ranged from as high as 84% in smaller organizations to as low as 16% as organization size increased. Conclusions. Community-based worksite exercise competitions appear to be a viable strategy for promoting employee exercise, particularly in smaller companies. Group-based contingencies applied in natural work units may facilitate employee participation. Further research is needed to assess the relative efficacy of this approach, compare alternative incentives, and identify strategies to enhance exercise maintenance after the intervention has ceased.
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Brown, Ogden. "Participatory Ergonomics: Current Approaches to Improving Organizational Effectiveness and Quality of Work Life." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 13 (October 1988): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118188786762207.
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Participatory ergonomics is an idea whose time has come! There are many approaches which have been utilized by organizations to improve productivity and enhance quality of work life. Participation itself is not a new idea, but because of current organizational and environmental forces for change, new organizational philosophies are emerging which are developed, designed, and operated with participation of the employees concerned and which do result in improved organizational effectiveness and quality of work life. Organizations in the turbulent environments of today must be able to quickly adapt to conditions of change. Many major forces for change have emerged which significantly impact managerial philosophies and behaviors. In this decade, in fact, the rules of business have changed drastically and permanently. Market conditions, foreign competition, and high growth markets are major forces in today's environment along with societal values, composition of the labor force, type of product, and the general business environment itself. An effective approach to management would suggest that it address these forces for change in order to adapt and succeed. No single approach utilizing participatory techniques is universally effective: a contingency approach is advocated. Basic assumptions underlying a contingency model include the notion that no single approach will be effective under all circumstances, and that most approaches utilized today will be effective under a certain set of conditions. It appears that some form of participative management meets current needs primarily because it best suits the labor force, today's technologies, and current societal conditions. The major participative management approaches discussed include quality circles (currently the most popular), job enrichment strategies, cooperative union-management quality of work life programs, gainsharing plans, and the development and operation of self-managing work teams. Also discussed is an emerging innovation in participative management, use of the parallel organization. There are other methods available, to be sure, but these appear to be the principal participative approaches of today. Most participatory approaches and techniques are not new. What is new and very important is the commitment on the part of the organization to adopt what may become organization-wide change strategies through the use of participatory management strategies. The ultimate goal, of course, is to achieve improved organizational effectiveness, product quality, and enhanced quality of work life.
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Rollins, Latrice, Angela Sy, Nicole Crowell, Desiree Rivers, Assia Miller, Pamela Cooper, Debra Teague, Cassandra Jackson, Tabia Henry Akintobi, and Elizabeth Ofili. "Learning and Action in Community Health: Using the Health Belief Model to Assess and Educate African American Community Residents about Participation in Clinical Research." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (August 28, 2018): 1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091862.
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The Learning and Action in Community Health project was implemented to gather preliminary data needed to inform community-engaged educational approaches to increase clinical research participation among racial minorities. The Health Belief Model was the theoretical framework utilized to develop the intervention and assessment tools. An educational session about clinical research and biorepository participation was designed using clinicaltrials.gov information and administered to adult, African American community residents (n = 60) in Atlanta, Georgia. Pre- and post-tests were collected and analyzed to assess changes in participants’ knowledge, perceptions, and willingness to participate in clinical studies and biorepositories. There were statistically significant changes in knowledge about joining a clinical study (p < 0.001) and registry or biorepository (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant change in willingness to participate in clinical research or biorepositories after the educational session. Focus groups were conducted to gather feedback on the educational session and perceived barriers and benefits to participating in clinical research. Perceived benefits were improving health, receiving incentives, early detection of health issues, and access to care. Perceived barriers included fear, lack of knowledge, historical mistrust of research, and time constraints. Results have implications for subsequent community-engaged approaches to increasing minority participation in clinical research.
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Chung, Pak-Kwong, Kai-ling Ou, Ming Yu Claudia Wong, Ka-Lai Lau, and Ka-Man Leung. "Investigation of Hong Kong Students’ Esports Participation Intentions Using the Theory of Planned Behavior Approach: A Structural Equation Model." Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2022 (April 4, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6405085.
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Esports have grown to become a core part of popular culture in many countries, including Hong Kong. Albeit the low participation rates in Esports in Hong Kong, it was starting to gain traction, yet the local Esports advocates were experiencing challenges in promoting and popularizing the Esport. Hence, the current study was aimed to identify and reveal the determinants of participating in Esports, as well as strengthen the work on Esports behaviors using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a reliable and valid prominent theory in predicting human behavior across a plethora of contexts, ranging from health-related behaviors to sport consumption behaviors. In the current study, the convenience sampling method was used to recruit over 2000 students (secondary school, N = 1567 ( female = 615 ); university students, N = 1525 ( female = 255 ). The students were invited to participate in the survey for collecting their perception on Esports participation using TPB-based questionnaire. Results were analyzed using theoretical analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that both secondary school and university students have positive attitudes toward Esports. The outcomes indicated that participating in Esports develops social networks, and people with professional Esports’ skills capability and being fortitude tend to be models of Esports participation. However, inadequate resources are a significant barrier to participation in the Esports business. The SEM model verified that the variables of intention in Esports participation among the students in Hong Kong with an adequate goodness of fit index. As a whole, the current study has identified the factors and determinants of Esports’ intention and behavior among Hong Kong students, which were successfully displayed in terms of the theory of planned behavior. In addition, the findings are expected to provide the Hong Kong government with a documented framework to advocate Esports-related policies on a long-term basis.
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Chang, Yi-Hsing, Jin-Yu Lin, and You-Te Lu. "Enhancing the Intention to Preview Learning Materials and Participate in Class in the Flipped Classroom Context through the Use of Handouts and Incentivisation with Virtual Currency." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 3276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063276.
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The flipped classroom approach is an emerging instructional approach that integrates digital technology. This approach has been applied in several fields, and it has demonstrated considerably higher learning effectiveness than conventional teaching modes. Common problems in its implementation that directly or indirectly affect learning effectiveness include students’ low intention to preview learning materials and low class participation. To overcome these problems, the present study sought to increase students’ intention to preview learning materials and participate in class through the implementation of educational activities integrated with an incentivisation system using a virtual currency and the provision of handouts. Students in two programming classes in the information management department of the participating university were divided into the experimental and control groups. The intention to preview learning materials, levels of class participation, and learning effectiveness were all significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group.
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Amin, Fadillah. "Pendekatan Bottom Up Budgeting dalam Penganggaran Pemerintah Daerah (Studi tentang Penganggaran Partisipatif di Komunitas Nelayan Miskin di Kawasan Pantai Prigi Kabupaten Trenggalek)." Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Publik dan Kebijakan Sosial 4, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/jmnegara.v4i2.2868.
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Development programs dan projects funded by public budget (APBN and APBD) are frequently not inline with needs of the local fishermen. Due to this situation, there shoud be a participative forums to facilitate and accommodate interests of local communities in the formulation process of public budgeting. In the context of APBD (local government budget) budgeting, participatory events are implemented in form of Musrenbang (Discussion for Development Planning). The current article intends to describe and critically analise participatory forums of Musrenbang utilised by fishermen to participate in the process of APBD budgeting. Also, the paper aims at analising prominent constraining factors to optimise participation of local fishermen in the Musrenbang forums as manifestation of bottom-up budgeting approach. The article is written based on reseach conducted in the Regency of Trenggalek and the coastal area of Prigi. This study applies qualitative approach with analytical descriptive as its type. Data of the research are collected through interview, observation, and documentation. Furthermore, collected data got analysed in three stages include data condensation, data display, and drawing conclusion. The results demonstrate that the Musrenbang forums get executed in five phases as follows (1) village level Musrenbang; (2) sub-district level Musrenbang; (3) SKPD (local government agencies) Forum; (4) regency level Musrenbang; and (5) Pasca regency level Musrenbang. The local fishermen are mostly able to directly participate only at village level Musrenbang as participation at higher level Musrenbangs is commonly in form of representative participation. Quality of participation is also considerably weak because of time lack, education lack, inappropriate timing, and apathy of fishermen.
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Damiani, Rachel Elisabeth, Neo Gebru, Robert Leeman, and Janice Krieger. "3205 A TL1 Team Approach to Examine Rural Tobacco Users’ Barriers to Participating in Research." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.186.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Our overarching theoretical framework is the health belief model (HBM). Guided by HBM, we aim to identify rural adults’ perceived barriers and motivations to participating in research. Specifically, our research questions are listed below. RQ1: What socio-cultural factors influence rural tobacco users’ intentions to a) participate in research studies and b) undertake tobacco cessation? RQ2: What bio-psychological and behavioral factors influence rural tobacco users’ intentions to a) participate in research studies and b) undertake tobacco cessation? RQ3: How do rural tobacco users perceive citizen scientists as disseminators of a) tobacco cessation and b) recruitment messages? METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In Phase I of this multi-stage project, we are conducting in-depth interviews with approximately 30 tobacco users in rural Florida. The interview consists of semi-structured questions and multiple validated questionnaires. Specifically, we ask a series of questions about participants’ barriers to participating in research. Additionally, we include questionnaires on participants’ tobacco use history, nicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and willingness to participate in research studies. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: This study consists of two main phases. Data collection for Phase 1 of the study is ongoing, and we will discuss these recent findings. We anticipate data collection and data analysis to be finalized by May, 2019. Beginning in August 2019 through August 2020, we will focus on Phase II, which entails designing and implementing an intervention to increase rural tobacco users’ willingness to participate in research. Given existing literature on other underrepresented groups in research, we anticipate that rural tobacco users will express that logistical barriers, such as transportation and time, prevent them from participating in research. Additionally, we anticipate these individuals may have socio-cultural barriers to participating in research, including distrust in the medical system and apprehension over discipline-specific terminology. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The results of this formative research will be critical to our development of a targeted intervention to increase rural tobacco users’ participation in research. Additionally, our interdisciplinary and community-based approach in this study acknowledges the importance of involving the target population in the research process, which is in line with NIH’s updated model of translational research. We will discuss the process of collaborating with extension agents in rural counties in Florida to reach underrepresented communities.
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Fals Borda, Orlando. "Experiências teórico-práticas." Cadernos CIMEAC 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.18554/cimeac.v10i3.5010.
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O presente artigo é uma intervenção do sociólogo colombiano Orlando Fals Borda publicada na coletânea Participación popular: retos del futuro (ICFES, IEPRI, Colciencias, 1998). A coletânea é uma reunião de textos de intelectuais e pesquisadores que participaram do Congresso Mundial de Convergencia Participativa en Conocimiento, Espacio y Tiempo, ocorrido em 1997 em Cartagena de Indias (Colômbia). Na ocasião, além de Fals Borda, participaram nomes como Immanuel Wallerstein, Agnes Heller, Manfred Max-Neef, Paulo Freire e Fernando Henrique Cardoso. A retomada da proposta sociológica de Fals Borda em nossa coletânea é oportuna, na medida em que a reflexão sobre educação popular na América Latina implica também uma perspectiva de intervenção (expressa pela proposta da pesquisa-ação participativa de Fals Borda) junto às profundas assimetrias do continente, considerando perspectivas de mudança social que sintetizam os eixos para políticas de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e a participação política. Além disso, o presente texto oferece aportes metodológicos sugestivos para as diversas modalidades de pesquisa-ação participativa caras à educação popular.Palavras-chave: Mudança social; Educação popular; Participação; Democracia. ABSTRACT: This article is an intervention carried out by Colombian sociologist Orlando Fals Borda and was published in the volume Participación popular: retos del futuro (ICFES, IEPRI, Colciencias, 1998). The volume collects many papers from intellectuals and researchers who participated at the World Congress of Participative Convergence in Knowledge, Space and Time, which took place in 1997 in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). Besides Fals Borda, the seminar counted on people like Immanuel Wallerstein, Agnes Heller, Manfred Max-Neef, Paulo Freire and Fernando Henrique Cardoso. The presence of the sociological approach of Fals Borda in our issue is timely, since the reflection on popular education in Latin America entails a perspective for intervention (expressed in the Fals Borda’s participative action-research) in relation to the social asymmetries of our continent. The article synthesizes a view on prospects for social change and also discusses the main axes for a set of policy of socioeconomic development and political participation. The contribution also offers a comprehensive methodological tool for the many modes of participative action-research that are useful for popular education.Keywords: Social change; Popular education; Participation; Democracy.
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Di Mauro, Carmela, Alessandro Ancarani, and Tara Hartley. "Unravelling SMEs’ participation and success in public procurement." Journal of Public Procurement 20, no. 4 (June 6, 2020): 377–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-03-2018-0013.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the role of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) within the Canadian public procurement, by seeking to identify barriers and supporting factors of MSMEs’ participation and success in public tenders. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis builds on a unique survey run by the Canadian federal government, which addressed firms either participating or not participating in public tenders. Model estimation on the survey data relies on sample selection methodologies, which allow separating determinants of MSMEs’ decision to participate from determinants of success. Findings Results provide evidence that costs stemming from asset specificity and uncertainty (e.g. costs of bidding, requirements for participation, bundling of contracts and award rules based on minimum price) affect participation in public procurement. Within MSMEs, micro-firms are the most discouraged from participating. However, after controlling for factors affecting participation, micro-firms emerge as having a higher success rate, possibly because of high specialization and joint participation with larger firms. Research limitations/implications Because of the cross-sectional nature of the data used for hypotheses testing, endogeneity may arise if ex post variables affect ex ante decisions. This may apply if participation in procurement feeds on success in past tenders. Social implications Findings may inform policies for the inclusion of smaller firms in the public marketplace. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempting to disentangle determinants of participation in public tenders from determinants of success. Separating the two aspects helps fine-tune SME-friendly public procurement policies, by identifying actions that effectively facilitate success of MSMEs in public tenders.
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Jurburg, Daniel, Elisabeth Viles, Martin Tanco, Ricardo Mateo, and Álvaro Lleó. "Understanding the main organisational antecedents of employee participation in continuous improvement." TQM Journal 31, no. 3 (May 8, 2019): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-10-2018-0135.
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Purpose Companies use continuous improvement (CI) as a strategy to achieve business excellence and innovation. Yet CI initiatives fail mostly due to a lack of employee engagement. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Based on the CI literature and the technology acceptance model (TAM), a comprehensive model called continuous improvement acceptance mode (CIAM) was developed to understand the main organisational antecedents that predict employee intention to participate in CI. The CIAM is based on structural equation modelling using partial least squares and it was validated in a large manufacturing plant in Europe. Findings Emulating the findings of the TAM, this study shows that employee intention to participate can be predicted by two variables called ease of participating and usefulness of participating. The CIAM then relates these constructs with relevant CI enablers found in the CI literature. Practical implications The CIAM could help academics and practitioners to better understand employee participation in CI activities, allowing CI systems to be better designed and achieve long-term sustainability. Originality/value The CIAM presents new variables and interactions that help to understand employee participation in CI activities. Some of these variables and interactions have received scant attention in the CI literature and thus they are worth investigating in greater depth in the future.
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Marriott, Anne, and Irene Harris. "Power versus Participation in Health Service Teams: A Delicate Balance." Health Services Management Research 13, no. 2 (May 2000): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148480001300201.
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The purpose of this paper is to critically review the effectiveness of a participative management approach within health service teams. It questions the reality of staff empowerment as an essential product of this approach, and examines the influence of power issues on the degree of empowerment that the organization may allow. The benefits and challenges of staff participation are highlighted, with reference to the manager's role in the participation process. The article concludes by advocating the positive use of power in order to maintain the integrity and effectiveness of a participative management approach.
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Rheinberger, Demee, Fiona Shand, Katherine Mok, Lauren McGillivray, Myfanwy Maple, Alexander Burnett, Lisa N. Sharwood, Nicola A. Chen, and Michelle Torok. "A Qualitative Analysis of Motivators to Participation in Suicide-Focused Research from a Community-Based Australian Sample." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094705.
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Suicide prevention strategies internationally appear to be falling short of making a meaningful impact on global suicide deaths. Increasing the rates of general community participation in suicide research may improve knowledge generalisability as it relates to suicidal behaviour and leads to new suicide prevention approaches. This study aims to explore the motivations of a community-based sample to participate in suicide research. A subsample of the Australian general population took part in an online survey which is part of a multilevel suicide prevention trial. The survey concluded with an optional open-text question asking about peoples’ motivations for participating in the study; 532 participants left a response to this question. These responses were qualitatively analysed using Thematic Network Analysis. Motivations to participate in suicide research were represented by four global themes: altruism, solve systemic problems, lived experience, and personal benefit. Of these themes, three were focused on the benefit of others, while only the final theme articulated motivation to participate that was self-focused. The impact of suicide is felt throughout the wider community. This new understanding of the motivations of community-based samples to participate in suicide research should be used to increase participation rates and reach people who would not normally contribute their voice to suicide research.
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Gebru, Neo, Rachel Elisabeth Damiani, Janice Krieger, and Robert F. Leeman. "4045 A TL1 Team Approach to Identify Factors Affecting Rural Tobacco Users’ Participation in Research and Quitting Tobacco Use." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.352.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Guided by the health belief model and social identity theory, we aim to identify socio-cultural and psychological factors that influence rural tobacco users a) participation in research and b) quitting tobacco use. We also explore how citizen scientists are perceived as disseminators of messages. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In Phase I of this multi-stage project, we are conducting in-depth interviews with approximately 30 tobacco users. Interviews are on-going, and have been conducted with 16 participants thus far from four rural counties in Florida. The interview consists of semi-structured questions and multiple validated questionnaires. Specifically, we ask a series of questions about participants’ barriers to participating in research, tobacco use history, and internet use and message preferences. Additionally, we include questionnaires on participants’ substance use, nicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and willingness to participate in research studies. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Initial findings suggest that rural tobacco users have an overall positive perception of research, and many choose to participate in research for altruistic reasons (i.e. they want to help others). Further, participants noted described feeling stigmatized due to their tobacco use. Although most began smoking to fit in with their community, many now feel on the outs. Participants also reported logistical barriers to participating in research, including lack of transportation. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Findings can inform the development of recruitment materials to resonate with rural adults, including by emphasizing the collective potential to help by participating. This interdisciplinary highlights areas for collaboration to enhance the reach of health education and public health messages.
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Broendum, Eva, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Thorbjorn Gregersen, Ejvind Frausing Hansen, Allan Green, and Thomas Ringbaek. "Barriers for recruitment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to a controlled telemedicine trial." Health Informatics Journal 24, no. 2 (September 16, 2016): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458216667166.
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The aim of this analysis is to investigate reasons why patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease decline to participate in a controlled trial of telemedicine. Patients with previous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations were invited to participate in a 6-month randomized telemedicine trial. For eligible patients, reasons for refusal were registered. Of 560 eligible patients, 279 (50%) declined to participate in the trial, 257 (92%) reported a reason: 53 (20.6%) technical concerns, 164 (63.8%) personal reasons, 17 (6.6%) preferred outpatient clinic visits, and 23 (8.9%) did not want to participate in clinical research. Compared to consenting patients, subjects declining participation were significantly older, more often female, had higher lung function (%predicted), lower body mass index, higher admission-rate for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the previous year, and were more often diagnosed with osteoporosis. Many eligible patients decline participating in a controlled tele-healthcare trial and, furthermore, a tailored approach for recruiting females and elderly patients appears appropriate.
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Ramfelt, Ethel, and Kim Lützén. "Patients with Cancer: their approaches to participation in treatment plan decisions." Nursing Ethics 12, no. 2 (March 2005): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733005ne771oa.
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The aim of this study was to explore experiences of participation in treatment planning decisions from the perspective of patients recently treated for colorectal cancer. Ten patients were purposively selected and interviewed. Constant comparative analysis, the core concept of grounded theory, was used. The dimensions were developed and organized into the main theme of ‘compliant participation in serious decisions’, which was composed of the two variations: complying with participation; and complying without participation. Complying with participation was characterized by feelings of self-confidence and self-competence and by open dialogue between the participants, significant others and the physician. Complying without participation was characterized by participants’ feelings of uncertainty and distress, and of being rushed into submitting to decisions without having time to reflect on the information provided or the opportunity to influence the treatment and care process. To participate (or choosing not to participate) builds on open and affirming dialogue, information and knowledge about the illness. Patient participation in treatment and care decision making is interpreted as a health promoting way of coping with illness.
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Hermawan, Dedy, and Simon Sumanjoyo Hutagalung. "Development of community participation based on behaviour in managing participative programs." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 32, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v32i32019.312-322.
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The government uses the participation approach in the efforts to overcome the socio-economic problem capacity within the community since it was able to increase community empowerment indirectly, even though to the probability of fake participation in the program implementation still exist. The purpose of this research is to find out the participation form that raised by the government programs, by looking at the community behaviour factors that determine the success of participation and a behaviour-based model of community participation to overcome the participation problem. The research type is descriptive with a qualitative approach through the application of several methods of data collection, in-depth interviews, secondary data studies and observations. The informants of this study were 20 people from local government, program implementers and target groups. The analysis data is using the qualitative technique. The results identified the typology of participation that emerged in the management of community participation programs in Lampung Province in the area of non-participation, delegation of authority and partnerships. The conditions of participation that occur driven by community behaviour factors. Consist of three factors, namely: 1) Trust or opportunity to participate; 2) Ability to participate, and 3) Willingness to participate in each activity determined by the presence or absence of the interests concerned. In the end, a behaviour-based participation management model built by adopting the concept of community engagement and personal engagement.
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Penzhorn, Heidi, and Magriet Pitout. "interactive nature of reality television." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 25, no. 2 (October 20, 2022): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v25i2.1746.
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This article explores the motivating factors for viewer participation in the reality television programme,Project Fame. It looks at the interactive component of reality television, arguing that viewers areactive in their media consumption. The theoretical foundation of this study is based on the usesand gratifications theory as well as the cultural studies approach to reception theory.On a methodological level, this study applies qualitative research methods in order to determinewhat factors motivate viewers to participate interactively in the television programme. Supportedby the categories of need gratifications, this study concludes that cognitive, affective and personalintegrative needs motivate viewers to utilise the various interactive opportunities and thatviewers expect gratifications from participating interactively. In addition, reception theory is usedto further explain viewers’ active participation and interpretation of media messages in a socialand cultural context.
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K Iseselo, Masunga, Edith AM Tarimo, Eric Sandstrom, and Asli Kulane. "What motivates or demotivates intravenous drug users to participate in hypothetical HIV vaccine efficacy trial? A qualitative study from urban Tanzania." East African Health Research Journal 4, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24248/eahrj.v4i2.636.
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Background: HIV vaccine efficacy trials require the active participation of volunteers who are committed and adherent to the study protocol. However, information about the influence of Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) to participate in HIV vaccine efficacy trials in low-income countries is inadequate. The present study explored the factors that motivate or hinder IDUs from participating in HIV vaccine efficacy trials in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study design was employed among IDUs at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). A purposeful sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. Three (3) focus group discussions (FGDs) and 10 In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) were used to collect the data. The data from participants were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using the content analysis approach. Findings: The participants reported that altruism and the desire to reduce risks of HIV infection were the motivators to participate in hypothetical HIV vaccine trials. In addition, participants reported to consult close relatives towards motivation to participate in the vaccine trial. In contrast, the perceived fear of vaccine side effects, lack of information about HIV vaccine studies, and HIV-related stigma towards participants were described as barriers to participate in the HIV vaccine trials. Conclusion: Participation in a hypothetical HIV vaccine trial among IDUs is influenced by positive and negative factors. Actual recruitment plans could be made through a better explanation of HIV vaccine trials, the expected individual and collective benefits associated with the trials. Community involvement and sensitisation is likely to enhance participation in future HIV vaccine trials in Tanzania.
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Brown, Ogden. "Participatory Approaches to Work Systems and Organizational Design." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 12 (July 2000): 2–535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004401225.
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Participatory approaches to work systems and organizational design are identified and examined. Each approach advocates worker involvement and organizational change. The development of participation in the workplace is discussed, and the evolution of participatory practices in work systems and organizational design is presented, from early research on decision making, through the participative management and human relations movements, to the organization-wide high involvement ergonomics of today. Issues arising from the implementation of high involvement ergonomics are also identified.
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Yu, Yue, Patrick Shafto, and Elizabeth Bonawitz. "Inconvenient Samples: Modeling Biases Related to Parental Consent by Coupling Observational and Experimental Results." Open Mind 4 (August 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00031.
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In studies involving human subjects, voluntary participation may lead to sampling bias, thus limiting the generalizability of findings. This effect may be especially pronounced in developmental studies, where parents serve as both the primary environmental input and decision maker of whether their child participates in a study. We present a novel empirical and modeling approach to estimate how parental consent may bias measurements of children’s behavior. Specifically, we coupled naturalistic observations of parent–child interactions in public spaces with a behavioral test with children, and used modeling methods to impute the behavior of children who did not participate. Results showed that parents’ tendency to use questions to teach was associated with both children’s behavior in the test and parents’ tendency to participate. Exploiting these associations with a model-based multiple imputation and a propensity score–matching procedure, we estimated that the means of the participating and not-participating groups could differ as much as 0.23 standard deviations for the test measurements, and standard deviations themselves are likely underestimated. These results suggest that ignoring factors associated with consent may lead to systematic biases when generalizing beyond lab samples, and the proposed general approach provides a way to estimate these biases in future research.
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Mariño, Rodrigo, Andre Priede, Michelle King, Geoffrey G. Adams, Maria Sicari, and Mike Morgan. "Oral Health Professionals’ and Patients’ Opinions of Type-2 Diabetes Screenings in an Oral Healthcare Setting." Endocrines 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/endocrines4010005.
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Objectives: As part of an evaluation of an oral healthcare practice-based model that identifies patients with prediabetes or type-2 diabetes (T2D), this study reports on the experiences and opinions of oral health professionals and patients on the screening program. Methodology: Urban and rural oral healthcare practices were invited to participate. Participating practices invited eligible patients to participate in the screening program. Patients were categorised as low, intermediate, or high-risk for prediabetes/T2D. Patients in the intermediate or high-risk category were referred to their general practitioner (GP) for further investigation. Post-screening surveys were used to assess acceptability, barriers and facilitators of the screening program among participating oral health professionals (OHP) and patients. Results: The post-screening survey was completed by 135 patient, and 38 OHPs (i.e., dentists, dental hygienists, oral health therapists). the majority of OHPs (94.6%) who delivered the protocol were satisfied with the approach. Most patients reported satisfaction with the approach (73.2%) and would recommend it to others. Several barriers for implementation were identified by OHPs and patients. Conclusion: OHPs feedback indicated that the screening model was generally acceptable. The feedback from patients following their participation in this study was overwhelmingly positive, indicating that the screening protocols were accepted by patients.
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Efendi, Dafid, and Ismaniar Ismaniar. "Correlation Between Interest With Participation of Toddlers Mothers in the Activities of the Posyandu." SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) 9, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/spektrumpls.v9i3.113796.
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This research was motivated by the low participation of mothers under five to come to the posyandu, presumably because mothers of toddlers were less interested in the activities of the Bunga Tanjung Gasan Gadang Posyandu, Padang Pariaman Regency. This study aims to see a description of the interests of mothers of children under five, to see the description of the participation of mothers of children under five, and to see the relationship between interest and the participation of mothers of children under five. This type of research is quantitative with a correlational approach. The population of this study were all parents/participants in the posyandu as many as 29 people. While the sample was taken using a purposive technique as much as 75% of the population of 21 people. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. Meanwhile, for the data analysis technique, the percentage formula and the rho sperm formula were used. The results of this study indicate that a) the interest of mothers of children under five in posyandu activities is still low; b) the participation of mothers under five in posyandu activities is still low; and c) there is a significant relationship between interest and participation of mothers under five in posyandu activities. It is recommended to posyandu cadres to carry out various creativity that can develop the interest of mothers of toddlers so that they participate in participating in every activity in posyandu and mothers of toddlers to participate in posyandu activities.
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Bardus, Marco, Holly Blake, Scott Lloyd, and L. Suzanne Suggs. "Reasons for participating and not participating in a e-health workplace physical activity intervention." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 7, no. 4 (November 4, 2014): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-11-2013-0040.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reasons for participating and not participating in an e-health workplace physical activity (PA) intervention. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews and two focus groups were conducted with a purposive sample of employees who enrolled and participated in the intervention and with those who did not complete enrolment, hence did not participate in it. Data were examined using thematic analysis according to the clusters of “reasons for participation” and for “non-participation”. Findings – Reported reasons for participation included a need to be more active, to increase motivation to engage in PA, and to better manage weight. Employees were attracted by the perceived ease of use of the programme and by the promise of receiving reminders. Many felt encouraged to enrol by managers or peers. Reported reasons for non-participation included lack of time, loss of interest towards the programme, or a lack of reminders to complete enrolment. Practical implications – Future e-health workplace behavioural interventions should consider focusing on employees’ needs and motivators to behaviour change, provide regular reminders for participants to complete enrolment and ensure that procedures are completed successfully. Barriers to participation could be identified through formative research with the target population and feasibility studies. Originality/value – This study combines a qualitative analysis of the reasons why some employees decided to enrol in a workplace PA intervention and why some others did not. This study highlights factors to consider when designing, implementing and promoting similar interventions and that could inform strategies to enhance participation in workplace PA interventions.
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McMurry, Nicholas, and Siobhan O'Sullivan. "A Human Rights-based Approach to Participation." Studies in Social Justice 16, no. 3 (November 6, 2022): 554–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v16i3.3583.
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This article proposes a systematic approach to designing and assessing participatory processes, built from principles in the field of human rights. It argues that participatory processes should be organised around human rights principles which provide detailed but flexible guidance on participatory processes. Drawing from well-established human rights principles and the commentary of human rights bodies on participation, the article outlines a framework that can be used to advocate for, establish, implement, and evaluate participatory processes. It addresses four normative questions relating to participation: what decisions require participation, who should participate, how should participation be implemented, and what consequences should it have on subsequent decisions with human rights norms informing each of these questions.
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Williams, Colin C., Ioana Alexandra Horodnic, and Lynda Burkinshaw. "Evaluating competing public policy approaches towards the informal economy." International Journal of Public Sector Management 29, no. 4 (May 9, 2016): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-01-2016-0005.
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Purpose – Conventionally, participation in the informal economy has been explained by viewing citizens as rational economic actors participating when the pay-off is greater than the expected cost of being caught and punished, and thus tackled by raising the sanctions and risks of detection. Given that many citizens do not engage even when the benefits outweigh the costs, a new social actor approach has begun to emerge which explains the informal economy as arising when tax morality is low and seeks to foster commitment to compliance. The purpose of this paper is to provide an evidence-based evaluation of these competing policy approaches. Design/methodology/approach – To do so, the results are reported of 1,306 face-to-face interviews undertaken during 2013 in the UK. Findings – The finding is that raising the sanctions and risks of detection has no significant impact on the likelihood of participation in the informal sector. However, participation in the informal economy is significantly associated with tax morality. Indeed, the only time that increasing the sanctions and risks of detection reduces the level of participation in the informal economy is amongst citizens with very low tax morality. Practical implications – Rather than continue with the current rational economic actor approach of increasing the penalties and risks of detection, this case study of the UK reveals that a new policy approach is required that seeks to improve tax morality by introducing measures to reduce the acceptability of participating in the informal economy. Whether this is more widely applicable now needs to be tested, given the dominance throughout the world of this punitive rational economic actor approach. Originality/value – This paper provides evidence supporting a new social actor approach towards explaining and tackling participation in the informal economy.
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Kvartiuk, Vasyl. "Trust, mental models and community participation in transition: Evidence from rural Ukraine." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 52, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2019.04.003.
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As participatory governance approaches find their way into the development agendas in transition countries, a key question is how to increase citizens' participation rates. This study examines how social trust and mental models inherited from the communist past shape individual decisions to participate in rural collective action. Using unique data from rural Ukraine, I approach these questions empirically distinguishing different types of participation. I find that social trust and mental models about the roles of communities and the state stemming from the Soviet past affect participation with some reservations. Results suggest that community-driven initiatives should invest more in educational and awareness-raising activities.
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Brown, Janine, Donna Goodridge, and Lilian Thorpe. "Factors Influencing Practitioner Choice in Nonparticipation in Medical Assistance in Dying." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.133.
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Abstract Canadians aged 65 and older compromised 79% of the individuals who chose a medically assisted death between January 1 – October 31, 2018. Despite public approval for MAID, and positive professional reception, few practitioners are participating in MAID care and the underlying factors influencing this require exploration. What are the factors considered by practitioners when contemplating MAID participation? Interpretive Description guided a qualitative, exploratory project. Data included semi-structured interviews with 35 practitioners who currently did not participate in MAID, interviewer field notes and reflective content. Data was analyzed through open coding, a constant comparative approach and thematic analysis. Participants are contemplating numerous endogenous and exogenous factors in determining care participation. The endogenous factors included philosophy of care, MAID/faith/spirituality congruence, the conceptualization of duty, comfort with death and previous life experiences. Within these factors, participants described knowing if MAID participation was, or was not, possible through a process of self-reconciliation. Those who thought MAID care participation may be possible, but yet were not participating, intentionally contemplated numerous exogenous factors including risk, time and practice factors, patient, family and community considerations, system structures, and visibility. Non-participation in MAID care is important to understand to support the self-determination of older adults who may consider MAID. Contemplating involvement in MAID care is complex with both numerous factors influencing practitioner choice. Practitioners require care options, safe passage, respect, model of care clarity, removal of practice barriers, open conversations, enhanced education opportunities and time to facilitate safe, supportive work environments and client care.
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Wang, Xiaoli, Fangqin Du, and Huiying Li. "Exploring the Effective Approaches for Chinese Rural Women to Participate in Community Governance." China Nonprofit Review 7, no. 1 (May 27, 2015): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341286.
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In the research on the rural women’s political participation, it concerns why they participate in community governance and how we can ensure their real participation. With a case study of Zhoushan Village’s experience in successfully promoting the empowerment of rural women so that they may truly participate in community governance and then proceed to promote structural reform in the community, this paper examines the effective approaches taken over the past decade for rural women’s participation in community governance, and the far-reaching effects that their participation has had on individual and family status, the economy, society and culture. The experience of Zhoushan Village, which has been the result of interaction, is global and local, original and contextual, co-created and accepted by local women and villagers together. It will make a special contribution to good governance of rural communities in the transitional period of social governance in rural China.
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Wiklund, Hans. "WHY HIGH PARTICIPATORY IDEALS FAIL IN PRACTICE: A BOTTOM-UP APPROACH TO PUBLIC NONPARTICIPATION IN EIA." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 13, no. 02 (June 2011): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333211003833.
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This paper explores the uninvestigated phenomenon of citizens' reasons for nonparticipation in EIA. By adopting a bottom-up approach, based on the assumption that citizens are rational actors who are able to provide reasons for their choice to participate or not to participate, it complements traditional public participation research focusing on structural barriers to and socio-economic predictors of participation. The reasons citizens provide for nonparticipation are described and it is discussed how the design and management of public participation schemes can be improved to better meet the high participatory ideals of EIA expressed by professionals and academics in standards of good practice.
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Mullane, Sarah L., Sarah A. Rydell, Miranda L. Larouche, Meynard John L. Toledo, Linda H. Feltes, Brenna Vuong, Noe C. Crespo, et al. "Enrollment Strategies, Barriers to Participation, and Reach of a Workplace Intervention Targeting Sedentary Behavior." American Journal of Health Promotion 33, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117118784228.
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Purpose: To review enrollment strategies, participation barriers, and program reach of a large, 2-year workplace intervention targeting sedentary behavior. Approach: Cross-sectional, retrospective review. Setting: Twenty-four worksites balanced across academic, industry, and government sectors in Minneapolis/Saint Paul (Minnesota) and Phoenix (Arizona) regions. Participants: Full-time (≥30+ h/wk), sedentary office workers. Methods: Reach was calculated as the proportion of eligible employees who enrolled in the intervention ([N enrolled/(proportion of eligible employees × N total employees)] × 100). Mean (1 standard deviation) and median worksite sizes were calculated at each enrollment step. Participation barriers and modifications were recorded by the research team. A survey was sent to a subset of nonparticipants (N = 57), and thematic analyses were conducted to examine reasons for nonparticipation, positive impacts, and negative experiences. Results: Employer reach was 65% (56 worksites invited to participate; 66% eligible of 56 responses; 24 enrolled). Employee reach was 58% (1317 invited to participate, 83% eligible of 906 responses; 632 enrolled). Postrandomization, on average, 59% (15%) of the worksites participated. Eighteen modifications were developed to overcome participant-, context-, and research-related participation barriers. Conclusion: A high proportion of worksites and employees approached to participate in a sedentary behavior reduction intervention engaged in the study. Interventions that provide flexible enrollment, graded participant engagement options, and adopt a participant-centered approach may facilitate workplace intervention success.
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Chatten, K., P. Kalra, P. Bower, J. Mclaughlin, S. Ghosh, and J. Limdi. "P863 Exploring patients’ perceptions of clinical research in inflammatory bowel disease and barriers to participating in clinical trials." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 17, Supplement_1 (January 30, 2023): i986—i987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac190.0993.
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Abstract Background The rising incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), its uncertain aetiology and multidimensional and negative effects on people’s lives have underscored the importance and need for research across disciplines. Despite this, participation in research in IBD remains relatively low, with virtually no data exploring patients’ perceptions and barriers to participation in research among people living with IBD. This is a preliminary report from an on-going study in the UK. Methods Consecutive outpatients attending IBD clinics at our centre were invited to complete a questionnaire survey. Information on patient demographics, disease duration and activity were recorded and patient perceptions and barriers to participating in research were explored. Results Of 401 patients approached to date, 332 (82.8%) consented to complete the questionnaire. Of 60 patients who declined, 70% were male. Among 332 participants, 176 (53.2%) were female, age between 18- 80. 164 participants had Crohn’s disease (CD,49.4%), 147 ulcerative colitis (UC) (44.3%), 8 (2.4%) had IBD-unspecified and 13 (3.9%) were unsure of their diagnosis. 209 (63%) patients were on biologics. The mean Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI) was 4.4 (CD) and partial Mayo score 2.1 (UC). 303 (91.3%) participants said they would participate in research, but only 65.3% stated they would be interested in drug trials. Reasons cited for participation were to advance medical knowledge (277/303, 91.4%) followed by the possibility of “effective” treatment (231/303, 76.2%). Of those that stated they were not interested in research at all, 17/29 (58.6%) were male. Their most important reasons for not wanting to participate were time constraints followed by concern for health. Although optional to answer if interested in research, a further 100/303 (33%) cited concern for own health (54/100, 54.0%) followed by time constraints (34/100, 34%) as barriers. Only 15 felt deterred by the possibility of receiving a placebo (15/100, 15%) or having more tests (12/100 12%). Direct conversation with their doctor (201/332, 60.5%) was felt most motivational to participation in research. Conclusion Most patients express interest in participating in IBD research, with majority interested in participating drug trials. The placebo element did not deter sentiment about participation in trials and direct communication with clinicians is valued. More data will be available for analysis and reporting in the coming months.