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GENTA, CHIARA. "Exploring assessment frameworks and interlinkages analysis for implementing circular economy strategies in European urban contexts." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2971670.
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AraÃjo, Ana LeÃnia de. "Abordagem etnopedolÃgica em um assentamento rural no semiÃrido cearense." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6577.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA etnopedologia propÃe relaÃÃes entre o saber cientÃfico e o saber local e atravÃs de abordagens participativas pode gerar trabalhos que considerem as duas formas de conhecimento e, portanto, sejam mais acessÃveis e possam ser aplicados de maneira mais adequada. Para a realizaÃÃo de trabalhos com abordagem etnopedolÃgica à necessÃrio que as metodologias utilizadas sejam adequadas para promover a integraÃÃo entre pesquisadores e agricultores. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na comunidade SÃo Joaquim, pertencente ao Assentamento SÃo Joaquim (25 de Maio) que localiza-se no municÃpio de Quixeramobim â CE. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho realizar a avaliaÃÃo etnopedolÃgica de um assentamento rural e elaborar o levantamento de solos, gerando informaÃÃes acessÃveis e que levasse em consideraÃÃo o conhecimento dos agricultores sobre o ambiente. Os agricultores reconheceram as terras do tipo âcroaâ, âarisco brancoâ, âarisco vermelhoâ e âmassapÃâ e os ambientes âbaixaâ, âtabuleiro/carrascoâ e âchapadaâ. Os critÃrios usados para essa distinÃÃo relacionaram-se, principalmente, com a textura, cor, profundidade e disponibilidade quÃmica. Associaram elementos como presenÃa de minhocas, formigas e variaÃÃo no porte da vegetaÃÃo para diferenciaÃÃo das terras. No levantamento pedolÃgico utilizou-se materiais de base de FUNCEME, (1989), INCRA (1992) e imagens de satÃlite utilizando o mÃtodo de prospecÃÃo de transectos, perfazendo um total de 156 pontos amostrados, sendo 9 perfis, 21 amostras extras e 126 observaÃÃes. Foram identificadas 15 unidades de mapeamento: ARGISSOLOS VERMELHO-AMARELOS (PVAe), CAMBISSOLOS HÃPLICOS (CX), LUVISSOLOS HÃPLICOS (TXo1, TXo2, TXo3 e TXo4), NEOSSOLOS FLÃVICOS (RYve), NEOSSOLOS LITÃLICOS (RLe1 e RLe2), NEOSSOLOS REGOLÃTICOS (RRe1 e RRe2), PLANOSSOLOS HÃPLICOS (SXe1 e SXe2) e VERTISSOLOS HÃPLICOS (VCo1 e VCo2). As comparaÃÃes realizadas entre a abordagem formal e local para a distribuiÃÃo das terras e solos no lote dos agricultores permitiram estabelecer mais critÃrios de comparaÃÃo. Os agricultores da comunidade SÃo Joaquim possuem profundo conhecimento sobre as terras e vÃrios elementos utilizados por eles estÃo presentes nos critÃrios para classificaÃÃo dos solos, mostrando assim semelhanÃas entre as duas formas de conhecimento que sob essa abordagem pÃde aproximÃ-los de forma a gerar informaÃÃes mais acessÃveis para futuros trabalhos.
Ethnopedology proposes relationships between scientific and local knowledge and with these participatory approaches is possible generate works taking in account the two ways of knowledge and so being more accessible and applied in a better manner. Dealing with ethnopedology is necessary use adapted methodologies to integrate researchers and farmers. This work was developed in the Community SÃo Joaquim, in the settlement SÃo Joaquim (25 de Maio) in the municipality of Quixeramobim â CE. We aimed to do an ethnopedological evaluation from a rural settlement and generate a soil mapping with accessible information taking in account the local knowledge. The farmers recognize the kinds of land âcroaâ, âarisco brancoâ, âarisco vermelhoâ and âmassapÃâ and the environments âbaixaâ, âtabuleiro/carrascoâ and âchapadaâ. The criterion used to distinguish are related to texture, color, depth and fertility. Some elements are related to as presence of earthworms, ants and variation of vegetation size to distinguish lands. In the soil mapping was used base material as FUNCEME, (1989), INCRA, (1992) and satellite images with prospection method as transects with a total of 156 sample points, being 9 profiles, 21 extra samples and 126 observations. It were identified 15 mapping unites: ARGISSOLOS VERMELHO-AMARELOS (PVAe), CAMBISSOLOS HÃPLICOS (CX), LUVISSOLOS HÃPLICOS (TXo1, TXo2, TXo3 and TXo4), NEOSSOLOS FLÃVICOS (RYve), NEOSSOLOS LITÃLICOS (RLe1 and RLe2), NEOSSOLOS REGOLÃTICOS (RRe1 and RRe2), PLANOSSOLOS HÃPLICOS (SXe1 and SXe2) and VERTISSOLOS HÃPLICOS (VCo1 and VCo2). Comparisons between formal and local approach to the lands and soil distribution in the farmers plot allowed to establish more criteria of comparison. Farmers from SÃo Joaquim have deep knowledge about their lands and many elements used by them are in the criteria of soil classification showing similarities between the two ways of knowledge that in an ethnopedological approach is easier to put them closer and generate information to be better applied in the future.
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Galindo, Betancourt Eliana. "Penser l’offre publique de participation en Bolivie : analyse de l’émergence et des transformations de la décentralisation participative (1994-2013)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080071.
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Cette thèse porte sur la construction intellectuelle qui irrigue la loi de Participationpopulaire adoptée en Bolivie en 1994. A partir de cet objet, elle analyse les logiques et lesraisonnements ayant dicté l’adoption d’une approche démocratique et participative face auxdysfonctionnements de l’action publique territoriale et à l’intégration précaire de lapopulation indigène et paysanne. Elle se propose d’offrir un éclairage sur le processusd’élaboration de la loi et sur l’agencement particulier des dispositifs participatifs proposés.Elle vise aussi à comprendre les effets de la participation sur les formes d’organisation desacteurs sociaux et, de manière plus générale, sur la démocratie en Bolivie. Pour cela, elles’appuie sur un programme d’entretiens avec divers acteurs ayant participé à différentesétapes de la conception et de la mise en oeuvre de la loi. L’étude des récits des opérateurs, desconcepteurs et des décideurs de la loi permet ainsi de révéler qu’au-delà des enjeux électorauxet de légitimation politique, les valeurs et les idées à propos de l’inclusion et du pluralismeont pesé dans la définition du cadre cognitif et normatif de la loi. La pertinence de ce dernierest testée à l’égard de l’acceptation et de l’appropriation des normes et des dispositifs par lesacteurs sociauxThis thesis focuses on the intellectual construct that holds the law of Popularparticipation adopted in Bolivia in 1994. On this basis, it analyzes the logic and reasoning thatdictated the adoption of a democratic and participatory approach to counter the dysfunctionsof the territorial public action and the precarious integration of the indigenous and peasantpopulation. It aims to shed light on the law-making process and on the particular layout of theproposed participatory mechanisms. It also aims to understand their impact on the forms oforganization of social actors and, more generally, on democracy in Bolivia. For this, it relieson a series of interviews with various stakeholders who participated at different stages of thedesign and implementation of the law. The study of the stories of the operators, designers anddecision-makers of the law reveals that, beyond electoral stakes and political legitimization,the values and ideas of inclusion and pluralism have influenced the definition of the law'scognitive and normative framework. The relevance of this new framework is tested withregard to the acceptance and appropriation of the norms and policy instruments by socialactors
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Oreszczyn, Sue. "Participative Approaches to Hedgerow Conservation." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://oro.open.ac.uk/30150/.
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This thesis demonstrates how systems ideas and grounded theory have been applied to provide a broader approach to researching hedgerows in England, drawing on the idea that holistic thinking brings together different people’s relationships with hedgerows and with each other concerning hedgerows. The cultural dimensions of hedgerows and their implications for future hedged landscapes were investigated through the collection and exploration of different groups perspectives - public, farmers and experts - in England and Canada, using a diversity of primary and secondary data sources. English hedgerows were important to all groups. Everyone liked hedged landscapes for aesthetic, visual and wildlife reasons. They were important for the way they break up the landscape; provide signs of the changing seasons; their sense of mystery and intimacy; their connections with the past and childhood memories. They are also seen as part of England’s history and national identity. Such cultural identity was absent in the Canadian data. However, some groups also held a rational or objective view which was dominant over this subjective or emotional view and which affects where they draw the boundaries to their systems of interest. Farmers were most concerned with their farms (and the hedgerows they owned) as a business, while experts dealt mainly with the ecological aspects of hedgerows. There was found to be little awareness of others groups views with different groups seeing the same action in very different ways. Even where there was contact between farmers and experts, there could be a lack of trust. Finally, it is noted that policy and practice towards hedgerows have ignored many of these relationships and that the approach used here offers opportunities to examine the different systems of interest.
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Spies, Van Zyl. "Emancipation Through Participation: A Case Study." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21294.
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Over the past few decades there has been a concerted effort in southern Africa forcommunity based natural resource management (CBNRM) programs. The generalpremise behind CBNRM allows local communities to be empowered to utilize theirsurrounding natural resources to facilitate socio-economic growth. This is seen as aneffective rural development tool which often takes on the form of eco-tourism inSouth Africa. It creates a link between nature conservation and socio-economicdevelopment needs and is normally built on existing conservation areas such asnational parks (Ezeuduji et al. 2017: 225).“Protected area outreach” is a form ofCBNRM (Chevallier 2016: 6), and this degree project examines how stakeholderparticipation was incorporated into the formulation of Kruger National Park’s (KNP)ten-year management plan. Using KNP’s stakeholder engagement process as anaturalistic case study, the aim is to discover the extent of participation and whethertrue empowerment is facilitated. This was done via document analysis of the 2018KNP Stakeholder Participation Report using the emancipatory approach. Thisapproach is influenced by critical, post-colonial and intersectional theory andemphasizes the attainment of social justice through the unveiling and dismantling ofinvisible oppressive power structures (Wesp et al. 2018: 319). The analysis showsthat KNP uses a systems approach to their stakeholder engagement as opposed toan empowerment one; that participation is limited to consultation and is thereforemerely a form of tokenism; that weaker marginalized stakeholder groups suffer fromsystemic exclusion and underrepresentation; and that there is little to no attentiongiven to empowerment nor structural reform to drive social change.
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Stevens, Richard John. "Developing effective health websites : a participative approach." Thesis, University of Salford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313909.
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Ljung, Stina. "Approaches to participative planning : Potential applications in municipal energy planning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-62198.
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This thesis explores potential participatory approaches suitable for a municipal energy planning context. It also analyses the possibility of using those approaches in energy planning processes in ten Swedish municipalities. Swedish municipal energy plans display differences in terms of quality, comprehensiveness and implementation. According to participation literature, planning processes can be improved by stakeholder participation. This study was carried out in four steps: creation of a theoretical framework, survey investigating the municipal energy planners’ views on participation, relating the planners’ views with the theoretical framework and creating suggestions for which participatory approaches to use in the municipalities. Participatory approaches found in literature were categorised into: democracy based, social learning and policy driven participation. Literature states that stakeholder participation should be done as early as possible in a process, but findings from the survey show that those municipalities that have come furthest in their planning process are the ones most interested in stakeholder participation. Indicating that energy planning processes need to gain a sense of maturity before it is even possible to think about involving other stakeholders. Another result shows differences in objectives, central values and targeted stakeholders between the different municipalities. One conclusion from this thesis is the importance for municipalities to understand their objectives for stakeholder participation, since objectives partly determines what kind of participatory approach that will be suitable to use in a given situation.
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Amezah, Agbenyega, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty, and School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "A participative learning approach to agricultural development : a Ghanaian case." THESIS_FSTA_ARD_Amezah_A.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/75.
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This dissertation is the documentation of a participative learning project with the purpose of facilitating improvement in farming and agricultural development work in the Hohoe district of Ghana. This study was done in a context in which (a)agricultural production is carried out by small scale farmers who depend on social networking at the village level, for the distribution and management of agricultural resources, and on local knowledge for productive purposes; (b)government efforts at agricultural development is implemented through the activitiesof its agricultural development agencies - Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MIST).Participative learning, based on the logic and concepts of action research, experiential learning and critical systems learning, was used as a methodological framework. The conclusion drawn from this inquiry is that participative learning is a legitimate and an effective way of facilitating the development of food and other agricultual production. The challenge is therefore for individuals and organizations involved in the development of agricultural production to establish suitable processes and relationships to support participative learning.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Amezah, Agbenyega. "A participative learning approach to agricultural development : a Ghanaian case." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/75.
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This dissertation is the documentation of a participative learning project with the purpose of facilitating improvement in farming and agricultural development work in the Hohoe district of Ghana. This study was done in a context in which (a)agricultural production is carried out by small scale farmers who depend on social networking at the village level, for the distribution and management of agricultural resources, and on local knowledge for productive purposes; (b)government efforts at agricultural development is implemented through the activitiesof its agricultural development agencies - Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MIST).Participative learning, based on the logic and concepts of action research, experiential learning and critical systems learning, was used as a methodological framework. The conclusion drawn from this inquiry is that participative learning is a legitimate and an effective way of facilitating the development of food and other agricultual production. The challenge is therefore for individuals and organizations involved in the development of agricultural production to establish suitable processes and relationships to support participative learning.
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Amezah, Agbenyega. "A participative learning approach to agricultural development : a Ghanaian case /." View thesis View thesis, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030603.164705/index.html.
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Mattia, Angela. "Achieving Solution Success: An Investigation of User Participation Approaches." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1761.
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User participation and its relationship to system success have been discussed in the information systems (IS) literature from many theoretical and practical perspectives. In reality, most of this discussion is grounded in empirical research that has yielded mixed results on the importance of user participation and its relationship to system success. The goal of this dissertation is to extend the line of inquiry into user participation during information system development by providing information systems researchers and IS practitioners with both a valid theoretical and practical investigation of a successful IS solution. This investigation organizes the study within a descriptive model that emerges from the different traditions of prior research and uncovers the approach to user participation in a successful IS solution. This user participation approach (UPA) model becomes the structure for the systematic arrangement of user participation approaches into a four-fold typology according to criteria or extrinsic information attributed to them in the research literature. A case study analysis and social network analysis of a successful IS solution will be used to describe, map and measure the relationships, activities, processes, and flows between participants, thus providing a descriptive and visual analysis of the relational structure that emerges. Indeed, these methodological approaches conceptualize the attributes and the relations of user participation during information system development and give insightful perspectives on how a successful IS solution is developed and implemented. The resulting outcome is a description of a successful approach to user participation and some practical recommendations on how to increase the chance of success in a system solution.
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Karakaya, Polat Rabia. "The Internet, local participation and democracy : an institutionalist approach." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4785.
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Brook, Orian. "Explaining cultural participation in the UK : a geographical approach." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11382.
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This thesis addresses the subject of cultural participation, specifically attendance at cultural venues in the UK. This is a topic that interests sociologists, in terms of the social construction of cultural judgements, and how cultural consumption reinforces and perpetuates social stratification. It also interests cultural funders, in understanding who benefits from the public subsidy of cultural organisations. However, the relationship between cultural participation and geographical access to cultural facilities, a conceptually simple idea, has hardly been addressed in either of these literatures. Within geography there is extensive evidence for the significant effect of distance on use of public facilities. The differences in provision of public services or “spatial equity” that people experience according to where they live means that neighbourhoods act as “opportunity structures”. The empirical work in this thesis is presented in four chapters written as standalone papers. Nonetheless the thesis represents a unified piece of work, addressing common research questions, as elaborated in the conceptual framework and research design chapters, through four case studies. This thesis overall, and in each study, extends the explanation of cultural participation being driven by social stratification, to understand the effect of access to cultural infrastructure on participation. Using both survey and administrative data, covering Scotland and London, a range of analytical techniques and innovative accessibility measures are used to assess the impact of access to facilities on participation. The effect of access, as well as other spatial variables including access to public transport, commuting behaviour and competing destinations, are found to be highly significant, with comparable effects to the social stratification previously identified. These findings have important implications for cultural policy. Arts funders may justify the continued regional differences in levels of cultural funding on their support of the creative industries, which demonstrate spatial agglomeration. However, on the evidence presented here, it is not sustainable to continue to claim that the supply of arts venues has little effect on cultural participation (Marsh et al. 2010b, 112).
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Henriques, Carissa. "Modes of Participation: Co-creative Approaches to the Design Process." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1716.
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This project explores the notion of participation within the graphic design and problem-solving process. Through projects using generative tools and collaboration, I explore ways to instigate controlled participation from designers and non-designers. I observe and document how the methods and means of participation affect the creative process during these projects.
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Adams, Theresa. "Experiences and Perspectives of People with Aphasia who Engage in Disability Activism." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu161661579173201.
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Pettitt, Carolyn D. "Enhancing public participation in the multistakeholder approach to resource management." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24893.pdf.
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Jones, Robert. "A critical discourse approach to researching the widening of participation." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413543.
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Lowry, R. G. "Modelling adolescent participation in sport and exercise : a multivariate approach." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269152.
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Ananthamoorthy, Nilani. "Perceptions of Capability Among Female Stroke Survivors in the Context of Disaster Risk Reduction." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38013.
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Women and persons with disabilities are at increased risks of experiencing negative health outcomes during and after disasters. The Sendai Framework (2015), published by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, highlights the need to strengthen disaster risk reduction (DRR) among populations at disproportionate risk, using an all-of-society approach that is inclusive and engaging. This research investigated the perceptions of capability among female stroke survivors, in the context of DRR. The purpose of this study was to 1) examine the role of asset literacy in the social construction of capability and lived experiences of female stroke survivors and 2) create an opportunity for female stroke survivors to share their lived experiences among themselves, and members of the stroke and DRR communities. Four women were recruited through snowball sampling. Study participants were invited to join a PhotoVoice project – a participatory method in which survivors were asked to respond to prompts using photography. Data was analyzed using qualitative, thematic analysis. Study results revealed that perceptions of capability in DRR for stroke survivors was rooted in the context of their recovery. Participants discussed 4 sets of recovery and DRR assets: 1) physical, 2) social, 3) energy and 4) personal characteristics. Autonomy was identified as a valued recovery outcome, and as needed to establish self-efficacy and adaptive capacity to cope with disasters. Social participation and asset literacy can support one another, and may enhance disaster resilience. An important aspect of Photovoice initiatives is sharing the messages with important stakeholders, as identified by the participants. This research has been shared at the annual international EnRiCH meeting (2018). We are currently planning a photo exhibit to be held in the fall of 2018. Overall, this research shows how creative tools (i.e. Photovoice, asset-mapping) can be used to foster social participation, and include populations at disproportionate risk in the DRR discussion.
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Nardini, Thiago. "A utilização de métodos de planejamento participativo durante o processo de incubação de cooperativas populares." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3554.
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Previous issue date: 2007-07-23This work has the goal to present a reflection about strategic planning and the perspectives that the participation approach can contribute to the development of the popular cooperative incubation process. Starting from a bibliographic review of the different concepts and schools that studies formulation and formation of strategy, it is identified that there is a convergence of the different methods that emphasises the collective approach of the process. It is done a brief presentation of the participative methods. To situate the context of the incubation process, is done a review of Solidary Economy, and the incubation methods developed by INCOOP and others university incubation agencies. It presents a study case, where the strategic participative planning process was done on two popular cooperatives in Rio Claro - SP. The final considerations is done by a brief reflection on how the participative methods can support the incubation process, highlighting: a reference frame to be used to the strategic construction on incubation s process, an incremental approach and the importance of the capability of the moderator to be able to apply and adapt the different techniques and methods according to the context.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar uma reflexão sobre planejamento estratégico e as perspectivas que a abordagem participativa abre para o aprimoramento do método de incubação de cooperativas populares. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica acerca das diferentes conceituações e escolas que se voltam para a questão da formulação e formação de estratégias, identifica existir hoje uma convergência das diferentes metodologias no sentido de enfatizar o caráter coletivo do processo. Faz, então, uma breve apresentação de métodos de caráter mais participativo. Para situar o contexto onde ocorrem os processos de incubação, o trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura acerca do tema Economia Solidária e discute os métodos de incubação da INCOOP e demais incubadoras universitárias. Apresenta a sua análise de caso, no qual acompanha o processo de planejamento estratégico participativo durante a incubação de duas cooperativas populares na cidade de Rio Claro-SP. A título de considerações finais apresenta uma breve reflexão quanto à potencialidade dos métodos participativos nos processos de incubação destacando se: uma estrutura de referência para a realização dos processos de construção de estratégias, a importância de se utilizar uma abordagem incremental e a necessidade de formação e capacitação do moderador para aplicar e adaptar as técnicas e métodos de acordo com o contexto.
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Bäckström, Kristina, and Hanna Hermansson. "A Participatory Approach Study in Ghana : "There is no one size fit all approach for participation"." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-3979.
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This is a Participatory Approach (PA) study done in Ghana, West Africa. We focus on two Non Governmental Organizations (NGO) in Ghana which uses a PA in their development work. Historically the development work in most African countries has been influenced by western countries, where development often was imposed from the top down, but nowadays, with PA, development seek to engage the local population in a community during the development process. Ghana has been struggling with poverty for several years, and the NGOs are of importance for the development in the country. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of development workers’ perception of Participatory Approach and to increase the knowledge about how development workers’ at NGOs in Ghana are working with Participatory Approach. This is a qualitative research and we have used three methods in this Bachelor’s thesis. We have done six semi - structured interviews, one focus group and one field research. We had the interviews and the focus group with development workers at two NGOs. At the field research we had the opportunity to observe the development workers in action. The research questions in this Bachelor’s thesis are: - At two NGOs in Ghana, in what ways can the development workers’ perception of Participatory Approach be understood? - At two NGOs in Ghana, in what ways can the practise of Participatory Approach be understood? The development workers perception of PA, is that PA is important to get sustainable projects and to ensure ownership for all stakeholders in the development process. PA is an empowering process with focus on capacity building. The acceptance of oneself being in need is as important as the participation. Their perception about PA also include some challenges. PA is time- and money consuming , the flexibility that PA need is limited by deadlines and budgets. There are challenges related to social- and cultural values, your own as a development worker and the community’s. The contextual knowledge must be highlighted and the limitations of the organizations must be considered. Another concern is when peoples opinions are influenced by their expectaitions from what the NGOs can provide. The practise of PA is understood as a process where all stakeholders are involved from the beginning, a process to engage the community and make them active participants in every step in a development project. The development workers main role is to build capacity of the people on the field. They uses different tools to ensure participation; Stakeholder analyses, Community conversations and Key informants interviews. The practise can be understood in terms of different levels of participation and different intensity within different cycles in a development project. Depending of the role of the actor and the stage the process are going through, some actors are more active than others.
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Cavill, Nick. "National-level approaches to increasing participation in health-enhancing physical activity." Thesis, University of Salford, 2010. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26610/.
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Increasing participation in regular physical activity is a key public health goal in many countries, but there is little consensus among experts on effective, national population level strategies to change physical activity behaviour. This thesis brings together the findings from thirteen published articles, reports and book chapters, from a variety of disciplines and methodologies. It explores how public policy can be modified to support physical activity; the potential role of social marketing; the supportive changes that can be made to the natural and built environment; and interventions focused on increasing rates of walking and cycling. Evidence is presented in the context of the social ecological model, which describes multiple-level influences on health. The thesis shows that there is unlikely to be any single, simple, neat solution to the problem of physical inactivity. Shaping more active societies requires a comprehensive, system-wide, ecological approach, based on the best available evidence. Action should be taken that combines changes to public policy and the environment with social marketing, and a focus on walking and cycling. This needs to be based on a clearer understanding of the importance of physical inactivity, and a clearer and stronger commitment to tackle the problem at a societal level.
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Simmons, Jane. "A multi-capital approach to understanding participation in professional management education." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2010. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9674/.
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This study explores the reasons why adult learners take part in professional management education courses, their social and cultural capital together with their human and economic capital. The author has responsibility for these programmes in a university in the north of England. It is framed by a multiple capital approach which reflects, and illuminates, the rationale for engagement in lifelong learning and professional management education. The underlying research was phenomenological, as it explored the direct experiences of the participants in relation to professional management education. Two methods were used sequentially, quantitative which provided numerical data by the use of questionnaires, and qualitative, by the use of interviews. The results of the interviews were used to construct the stories of the respondents. Fifty questionnaires were completed by employees and fifteen interviews were undertaken, out of a total population of eighty one. The entire population of twenty four employers completed a questionnaire and six of them were interviewed. The outcomes of this research highlight the workplace in the twenty-first century, together with the impact of the current economic climate. This has led to a need for the acquisition of new skills by workers at all hierarchical levels in organisations. Cultural capital was evidenced by the desire of employees to equip themselves with new skills and knowledge, in order to remain in employment and to advance their careers. Many of the respondents gained cultural capital through their early life experiences of home and school and their relationships with mentors. The social capital of employers was found to be important in mentoring, and encouraging, employees to engage in learning. Economic capital was expressed through engagement in lifelong learning by employees to enhance their knowledge and skills, and to improve their employment prospects.Human capital was evidenced by both employers and employees as engagement in professional management education facilitates the acquisition of new skills and knowledge.
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Stark, Sascha [Verfasser]. "Stakeholder Participation in Sub-Sahara Africa - A Network Approach / Sascha Stark." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126503169/34.
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TARIQ, Zaheer. "Smart energy demand management. A collaborative approach towards consumers' active participation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/30769.
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Secured provision of energy is vital for the sustainable development in all aspects. In this regard, smart grids are considered as a solution towards the sustainable energy provision as they enable efficient and reliable production, distribution, transmission, and consumption of electricity. However, smart electricity grid system is a complex system of
systems that requires sophisticated collaboration tools and intelligent techniques along with active participations from all its connected users. Dynamic role and proactive participation of consumers through the integration of distributed renewable energy resources are highly anticipated for the long-term sustenance of these grids.
By understanding the value and the necessity of consumers’ active participations, this research work focuses on the demand-supply collaboration among proactive participants for effectively managing the energy demands. The main goal of this research study is to analyze the impacts of integrating the various renewable energy resources in the
collaborative network. Along with this goal, the main objective is to explore the role of different participants in the collaborative network under the domestic/residential environment. A quantitative research methodology is adopted to demonstrate and numerically explain the impact of consumers’ engagements and their demand flexibility towards energy demand management.
The key results highlight that consumers should be induced to change their consumption patterns in conjunction with the dimensions of smart energy demand. In addition to this, they should be provided with properly designed collaboration platforms that can yield mutual benefits (financial, personal, behavioral), and provision of such platforms would assist them to create higher demand flexibility. Accordingly, active participation of prosumers and consumers would create a positive impact on locally managing the energy supply and demand. This active participation would also allow them to exchange or sell their demand flexibility among the connected members in the energy networks.
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Rojas, Frank Alexander. "Willingness to participate in job-related training as one approaches retirement." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/244598.
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Bonjun, Koo. "Towards Public Participation for Effective Air Pollution Risk Management：Case Studies from Mongolia and Iceland." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263635.
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付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第23174号
工博第4818号
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻
(主査)教授 CRUZ Ana Maria , 教授 米田 稔, 准教授 横松 宗太
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Cox, Daniel. "New approaches to stereocontrolled glycosylation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b3eb90c9-3149-4761-930f-391607ee134c.
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The conceptually simple process of linking carbohydrate units by glycosylation has proven to be one of the most difficult synthetic processes to control from a stereochemical perspective. In particular it is the stereocontrolled synthesis of 1,2-cis glycosyl linkages (e.g. α-glucosides, β-mannosides) which poses the most difficult challenge. The research presented in this thesis describes new ways in which stereocontrol in glycosylation reactions can be achieved. New methods of neighbouring group participation have been explored, utilising novel protecting groups at the 2-postion of a series of glycosyl donors. In particular the use of glycosyl donors bearing a (thiophen-2-yl)methyl protecting group at the 2-hydroxyl have shown exceptional α-selectivity especially when used in conjunction with a sterically hindered glycosyl acceptor. Work within this thesis also describes the first use of chiral Brønsted acid catalysts in the activation of glycosyl donors. It has been clearly demonstrated that not only can such catalysts be used in glycosylation reactions, but also that the chirality of the catalyst can dictate the stereochemical outcome of the reaction. The preliminary studies presented demonstrate that this methodology warrants further investigation.
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Cooke, Robert Stewart. "The use of alternative energy technologies in buildings : the influence of engineering consultants." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5164.
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The UK Government has set the target of reducing CO2 emissions by 60% by 2050. Energy used by buildings is presently responsible for around half of C02 emissions in the UK. There are many established methods for reducing such emissions from building operation but these opportunities are not being seized to their full potential. One of these methods is the use of Alternative Energy Technologies (AETs) integrated into the built environment. Engineering consultants have a key role in the design of buildings, their energy consumption and the consideration of AETs. The objectives of this thesis are to explore the process of delivery of AETs in building projects, the key factors that influence the viability of these technologies and the capability of engineering consultants to increase their rate of uptake. While there are many published lists of incentives and restrictions to using these technologies, there are few reports of their impact in practical contexts. Project involvement provided evidence of significant variations in the drivers and barriers to using AETs, the design team perceptions and the approaches used for assessments. These insights were investigated in detail through participative research techniques. Initial focus groups led to the development of a structured interview programme administered in 2 phases. The first phase of interviews investigated the experiences of 41 participants representing a range of building project stakeholders. The second phase of interviews looks more closely at 24 relevant projects from the perspective of the engineering consultant, investigating the decision-making approaches used and the influence of factors throughout the design process in more detail. As a result a hierarchy of the importance of specific drivers and barriers to using AETs in building projects was established. It was found that there is a large amount of variation in their importance between projects. Despite this variation the emphasis for assessment methods is on financial terms, largely ignoring more qualitative concerns. This lack of suitable assessment methodologies along with a lack of education, motivation and case study information in the building industry are restricting the use of AETs in UK building projects. It is proposed that to address this, engineering consultants need to be better informed and need to develop and embrace more holistic technology assessment methods that account for qualitative and quantitative considerations.
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Moon, Christopher Patrick. "Stakeholder approaches to community participation in urban development : conceptual and methodological links." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7440.
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Jean, Victoria. "Factors in union participation, a research project exploring Lerner's surplus powerlessness approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0013/MQ30484.pdf.
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Frisso, Giovanna Maria. "A communicative approach to the participation of victims in international criminal processes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580296.
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The 1998 Rome Statute, which established the International Criminal Court (ICC), recognized the right of victims of crimes to present their views and concerns where their personal interests are affected, as well as the right to seek from the ICC reparation for the harm they suffered. Far less innovative, but still indicating the attention afforded to the interests of victims in the Rome Statute, are the provisions that address the protection of witnesses. This thesis is concerned primarily with the application of these various provisions by the ICC and, to a lesser degree, with the extent to which they were foreshadowed by developments in the field of international human rights and the experience of the ad hoc international criminal tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The thesis argues that a communicative understanding of international criminal processes offers a rationale for the application of the provisions related to the participation of victims which, in turn, is able to increase the legitimacy of the decisions reached by the ICC. A communicative approach, it is further argued, limits the risks of the development of a jurisprudence in which the participatory rights of the victims are seen as merely symbolic. This argument is based primarily on discourse theories of law drawn mainly from Habermas's theory of communicative action and, to a lesser extent, on communicative theories of punishment. These theories are used to inform an understanding of international criminal processes as communicative enterprises that exhibit proper respect and concern for both victims and offenders.
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Hart, Caroline Francesca Sarojini. "Aspirations re-examined : a capability approach to widening participation in higher education." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603793.
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This thesis draws on Amartya Sen’s capability approach to re-examine the complex and dynamic nature of young people’s aspirations, in relation to government strategies to widen participation in higher education in England. Key concepts from Pierre Bourdieu are synthesised with Sen’s work to create a theoretical framework which facilitates new insights into the way young people’s aspirations may be transformed into capabilities. A case study was undertaken involving 580 young people aged 17-19. The city of Sheffield was chosen due to its contrasting areas of participation in higher education. Students in post-16 education from four institutions took part in the study. Two of the institutions were based in an area of Sheffield that has high participation rates in higher education and two in an area with low participation. Methods included quantitative survey, individual and group interviews. The thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge by making new conceptual advances in understanding the nature of aspirations. Drawing on concepts from social choice theory, this culminated in developing a new typology of revealed, concealed, adapted and apparent aspirations. Secondly, the study identified new processes of support and hindrance experienced by young people as they strive to realise their aspirations. These processes are theorised using the notion of ‘conversion factors’ leading to re-examination of the way in which disadvantage is constructed within widening participation discourses. New insights were developed into the roles that educators and policy makers may play in both helping young people to develop their aspirations as well as enhancing their freedom to realise their aspirations. Thirdly, this study has generated new understandings of young people’s relationships to higher education and their decision-making pathways in this area. In particular, a new register of meaning and action is identified to help understand the different ways young people construct the possibility of their participation in higher education.
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Aloi, Michael Joseph. "Participation in the Play of Nature: A Hermeneutic Approach to Environmental Aesthetics." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1752360/.
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Within the environmental aesthetics literature, there is a noticeable schism between two general approaches to understanding the aesthetic value of nature: the ambient approach and the narrative approach. Ambient thinkers focus on the character of aesthetic appreciation of nature, the way in which one is embedded in multi-sensory environment. These ambient theorists emphasize the importance of those aesthetic experiences that are difficult to articulate. Narrative thinkers argue that aesthetic appreciation of nature is enhanced and enriched by narratives that are relevant to the natural object or environment encountered. Certain narratives – usually those based on scientific knowledge – encourage a depth of appreciation that is inaccessible to those unfamiliar with the narratives. In this dissertation, I attempt to articulate an account of environmental aesthetic experience that does justice to both of these approaches by drawing on the resources of philosophical hermeneutics, and especially on the aesthetic theory of Hans-Georg Gadamer. The most important aspects of Gadamer's work for environmental aesthetics are his phenomenology of play, his revival of practical philosophy, and his emphasis on the interpretive character of all understanding. His discussion of play fleshes out the core of ambient accounts, his focus on interpretation explains the insights of narrative accounts, and the two accounts are tied together by his attention to practice.
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Swan, Caitlin. "Arts participation and career preparedness| A pragmatic approach to assessing arts benefits." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10261142.
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As the political and economic landscape of the United States shifts in coming years, American society’s perception of the arts will likely change as well. Arts advocates must be ready to adapt their arguments for arts’ value to changing societal priorities. This paper summarizes the two leading frameworks for current arts advocacy arguments: extrinsic benefits and intrinsic benefits. The paper then introduces practical benefits, a pragmatic third framework for arts advocacy that focuses on skills gained through the creation of collaborative art that prepare participants for careers in the creative class, as defined by Richard Florida. The paper uses student-run theatre organizations on college campuses as incubators and case studies for these benefits, using original ethnographic research and surveys to develop assessment protocols for these benefits, with the intention of growing their applicability to larger and more varied arts organizations.
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Prehoda, Joan Marie. "Bridging the gap between parents and schools: A parent education model." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/649.
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Wong, Kar-wai Kelwin, and 黃嘉偉. "Integrative approach to addressing societal needs in infrastructure development projects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206701.
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Opinions from society have become increasingly important in the development of public infrastructure projects as governments and organizations place greater emphasis on public consultation and engagement efforts. With a developing trend around the world (including in Hong Kong) towards greater public involvement in the decision-making processes for public infrastructure projects, it is imperative that decision-makers give sufficient consideration into the needs and concerns from different sectors of society. Inability to do so can lead to project delays, protests and litigation. Existing public consultation and engagement exercises often attract those with the loudest voices or with special interests / motives (political, financial, etc.). Moreover, comments and feedback collected from public consultation and engagement events are often not systematically organized and codified for use as reference in future projects. This leads to the loss of potentially valuable lessons when preparing for new projects.
Public engagement, addressing the needs of society and social capital are mostly looked at from the social sciences perspective. Research in these areas focusing on infrastructure development and construction remain limited. Furthermore, there is currently no comprehensive approach and strategy on addressing the needs of society to continuously capture the lessons learned from previous projects. Previous research work on stakeholder engagement in construction focused on analyzing and resolving conflicts between stakeholders; stakeholder identification and prioritization of engagement items based on ethical practices; and integration of project management and asset management teams for providing better feedback on end-user needs. However, these studies did not address some fundamental problems in stakeholder engagement such as the lack of participation from a larger, more representative audience; the need to proactively engage certain groups or sectors of society that are most severely impacted by a project; and identifying the connection between the public and other construction stakeholders to illustrate how the rest of society can contribute and relate to a public infrastructure project.
This Study aims to: i) develop an Integrative Approach that can help decision-makers of public infrastructure projects better anticipate, consider and subsequently address the needs and concerns of society when planning and designing public infrastructure projects by empowering stakeholders with knowledge and lessons learned from previous experiences; ii) demonstrate how a broad range of project stakeholders, including the public and various groups in society, can be embraced and connected through mobilization and utilization of social capital; and iii) illustrate the facilitation of knowledge exchange between the various stakeholders of a public infrastructure project. Through a comprehensive research process involving a combination of literature review, interviews with relevant experts, observations at public engagement events in Hong Kong, organizing a public engagement event in collaboration with an NGO, conducting an empirical case study and hosing a workshop with construction industry experts, the Integrative Approach to Addressing Societal Needs was developed, which consist of a Stakeholder Knowledge Transfer (SKT) model, a Relational Knowledge Base (RKB), as well as a set of Strategies and Implementation Measures for putting the SKT model and RKB into practice.published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Cox, Kaitlin. "Communication partner training to increase life participation for people with aphasia." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523459268147225.
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Jones, Keren. "Children's participation in landscape design : exploring the approaches to children's participation in school-ground and neighbourhood park improvements in the UK." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486021.
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This thesis explores how children can participate in the initial design and improvement of schoolgrounds and local neighbourhood spaces, such as, the local park and playground. Commencing with an historical overview into the design of child-orientated environments, and how the approach has, and has not, changed in the UK during the last forty years, it was found that, even today, children's environmental needs, can still be misunderstood by landscape architects. This is particularly so for the social and emotional aspects of a child's relationship with the environment, and, conseque'ntly a lack of appropriate child responsive design is still often reflected in much local green space provision. The work considers the argument that children should directly participate in the landscape design process, and this debate is explored, together with an examination of current practice of children's participation in the UK. A number of key issues are identified in relating the children's participation theory to the practice of landscape design, namely:- the question of how children's participation should be structured in order to address the ethical issues of participation alongside the iterative. process of design - the role that the landscape architect plays in participation - the skills and techniques needed to facilitate participation, to represent, communicate and develop ideas collectively. By studying a wide range of documented case studies, it was found that there is a considerable variation in how landscape design participation with children is practiced. In many cases the process is conSUltative, rather than one of genuine shared decision-making. It was concluded that, if children are to significantly influence design decisions, children's involvement needs to be woven through the whole design process. This appears to be most easily achieved when there is a high level of direct interaction between the landscape architect and the participants, which has implications for the training and development of landscape architects, as it requires them to develqp appropriate facilitation and verbal communication skills, as well as an underst~nding of hQw to adapt visual techniques, such as models and drawings, to sui~ the collaborative design process for children. Case studies identified that there were merits in using verbal communication, particularly storytelling, alongside visual communication techniques, and in the second part of the thesis a series of field experiments were used to examine the value of storytelling in more detail. Findings indicate; that .' storytelling can play an important role in landscape design participation with children, alongside other techniques. This is because storytelling:- generated a high level of interactio':1, thus enabling the meaning behind children's ideas to be explored and shared - is a familiar mechanism for expressing social and emotional ideas - gives direction and structure to the design participation process, which appeared to encourage a wide range of ideas-to be suggested, developed, modified and reviewed. This research adds to the existing body of knowledge, by identifying how children's participation in landscape architecture could be improved. The analytical framework developed for the purposes of research has the potential to be used as an analytical tool that enables practicing landscape chitects to capture and, re~EEct on the full breadth of the ideas produced through participation, integrating emotional, nonspatial aspects, and visual ideas. The findings have particular relevance to current UK and European agendas which are concerned with public inv5~stment in new green infrastructure and the need to enable participation by currently excluded groups, especially children.
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LEONE, FEDERICA. "Participatory approaches in support of the decision-making processes. The ambivalence of participation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266205.
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The dissertation concerns the analysis of participatory practices in support of the decision-making processes. In particular, the research work is based on an important
consideration, according to which, traditional participatory processes do not work in practical terms. Indeed, the evolution of the concept of participation reveals that although the implementation of the participatory processes arose from the necessity of strongly criticizing the contemporary society of the 1960’s, nowadays they have been used to reinforce and legitimate the existing power relations. In this conceptual
framework, participation is currently analysed and interpreted either as a democratic right or as an instrument to achieve specific goals. As a result, the dichotomy, between theory and practice, acquires an increasing importance within the international debate.
Moreover, the dissertation intends to interpret the intrinsic ambivalence within the concept of participation through the analysis of a case study represented by the
Sardinian Regional Landscape Plan (RLP). Sardinian regional government elaborated its RLP in 2006. However, different problems, such as the lack of implementation of the RLP at the local level, entailed the necessity for a revision. In
particular, the Sardinian case study represents an emblematic case due to the implementation of two very different participatory processes. From this perspective,
these approaches are studied in order to understand the difficulties to translate theoretical concepts about participation into practice. In addition, the research work is based on a qualitative strategy and on a case study design, where a triangulation of methods, which are traditionally related to either qualitative or quantitative research strategy, is used. In particular, the data
were collected through semi-structured interviews and self-completion questionnaires that involved different categories of participants such as academicians, officials of the regional, provincial and local governments, technicians of building enterprises, member of environmentalist bodies and practitioners. Moreover, the data analysis highlights some important considerations. First of all, the political decisions influenced negatively the outcomes of the participatory processes. Indeed, during the elaboration phase, the specific purpose of the regional
government was to legitimate its ruling role on the planning decisions at the local level, implying a lack of real involvement of participants. In the revision phase, despite the apparently good intentions, the regional government, which belongs to an opposite political alignment of the previous one, intended to represent itself as a forward-looking administration in order to increase consensus on behalf of citizens, local and provincial administrations, practitioners and the economic and productive sectors. Secondly, the lack of a solid awareness of the importance of participation makes the implementation of effective inclusive moments impossible without a methodological reference framework. From this conceptual perspective, the research work proposes a procedural
protocol, whose aim is to define a methodological framework concerning the implementation of participatory practices in support of the planning processes at the regional scale. The procedural protocol focuses on four main issues: the
interdependency of participatory and planning processes, the definition of specific responsibilities, the circularity of the processes, and their flexibility. First of all, the participatory processes should be parallel to the planning processes, becoming a necessary element of the procedures of elaboration and approval of plans. On the
other hand, despite the complementary nature of the relation between participatory and planning processes, they should not lose their decisional autonomy and independence. Secondly, with respect to the impacts of the political decisions on participatory and planning processes, the authorities that implement participatory processes should be external bodies, composed by a multidisciplinary group of
experts in political and social science, and in participatory practices. Thirdly, the circularity of the processes is based on considerations, according to which the
relations between participatory and planning processes are not linear. In this way, it could be possible to take corrective measures in the most important phases. Finally,
the fourth issue is related to specific economic, social and political contexts in which the participatory processes are implemented. Indeed, the research work tries to
maintain a certain degree of flexibility in order to make it possible that suitable adjustments of the processes in relation to the reference context do occur.In conclusion, “learning from failing” represents an important lesson of the research work. Indeed, despite the undeniable failures that characterise the current participatory practices, participation remains a significant aspect that could give adecisive contribution to the effectiveness of planning decisions.
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Snabe, Birgitte Milling Peter. "The usage of system dynamics in organizational interventions a participative modeling approach supporting change management efforts /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2007. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10231917.
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Snabe, Birgitte. "The usage of system dynamics in organizational interventions a participative modeling approach supporting change management efforts /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäte-Verlag, 2007. http://www.springerlink.com/content/v4x321/.
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Asiedu, Charlotte, Kristina Byrne, and Ana Corena. "Increasing Participation in Social Enterprise : A Strategic Development Approach for the Developing World." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5767.
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Current, unsustainable practices are negatively impacting the socio-ecological systems on which humanity depends. This paper argues that social enterprise, as a market-based approach is an effective tool to help developing countries to transition toward sustainability. To gain an understanding as to how broader participation in social enterprise could be encouraged, this research investigates the motivations, enablers, challenges and incentives for professionals in developing countries to participate in social enterprise. In addition, the role of social enterprise and its limitations in moving society toward sustainability were investigated. A qualitative research design was used. The framework for strategic sustainable development (FSSD) was employed to ensure a systems perspective of sustainability was captured in this study. Findings include seven motivational factors, eight enabling factors, and twelve challenges facing social entrepreneurs; as well as seven categories of suggested incentives to increase participation. Strategic recommendations targeted toward government agencies, non-governmental and multilateral development organizations, and social enterprise incubators, were provided as guidelines to encourage participation and ensure sustainability.
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Abdelgadir, Muzamil H. "Testing of a new approach to community participation at the Sudanese village level." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305832.
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MOREIRA, OSCAR ALEXANDRE TEIXEIRA. "POPULAR PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: AN APPROACH IN THE FRAMEWORK OF DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32417@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROESCOLA SUPERIOR DOM HELDER CAMARA
O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de chamar atenção para a importância do envolvimento do cidadão nas tomadas de decisão em relação ao meio ambiente, através do acesso aos espaços públicos de discussão, deliberando com vistas ao entendimento e buscando, assim, a concretização do Estado Democrático de Direito. Este Estado participativo tem entre seus objetivos a construção de uma sociedade justa, livre e solidária, tanto na perspectiva econômica como na social e na ambiental, tendo em vista a indicação de um déficit de representação que tem promovido injustiças socioambientais, o que levanta a possibilidade de se vivenciar um Estado Socioambiental de Direito. A partir da teoria habermasiana será demonstrado que as decisões que têm o meio ambiente - direito fundamental difuso e transindividual - como objeto serão mais legítimas se os indivíduos puderem participar efetivamente delas, se colocando não só como espectadores, mas também como protagonistas desse momento decisório. Estes protagonistas devem estar atentos à sustentabilidade e ao equilíbrio do meio ambiente ao sofrerem tensões face à necessidade de desenvolvimento econômico e evitar que posições particularistas ganhem o status de universais. O desdobramento concreto dessa participação nos temas referentes às questões socioambientais dá-se, atualmente, por meio das audiências públicas nos licenciamentos ambientais, nas consultas prévias públicas para a criação e ampliação das unidades de conservação e nas audiências públicas realizadas nos julgamentos do Supremo Tribunal Federal que tratarem do meio ambiente - não obstante as dificuldades existentes quanto à efetiva interação cidadã por meio dos instrumentos participativos previstos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro - figurando, desse modo, como um retrato da participação popular na defesa ambiental nos marcos da democracia deliberativa, segundo a teoria habermasiana.
This work aims to draw attention to the importance of the involvement of citizens in decision-making related to the environment, through access to public spaces for discussion, deliberating for understanding and seeking thus the achievement of Democratic State of Law. Such participatory State has among its objectives to build a fair, free and solidary society, both in economic, social and environmental perspectives, aiming at the deficitary representation that has promoted social and environmental injustices, which can raise the possibility to experience a Socionenviromental State of Law. From Habermas theory, it is shown that the decisions that have the environment - fundamental diffuse and transindividual right - as the object, will be more legitimate if individuals could effectively participate in them, not only as spectators but also as protagonists. These actors should be aware to the environmental sustainability and balance when suffering tensions due to the need for economic development and should prevent particularistic positions to gain the status of universals. The concrete unfolding of this participation in socioenvironmental issues takes place currently through public hearings in the environmental licensing, in previous public consultations for the creation and expansion of conservation units, and in public hearings held in the judgments of the Supreme Court that relate to the environment - despite the existing difficulties regarding the effective citizen interaction through participatory instruments under the Brazilian legal system - and so it figures as a picture of popular participation in environmental protection in the framework of deliberative democracy, according to Habermas theory.
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Kayyali, Osama. "Modelling accountability : a thick interactive approach to transparency and participation in voluntary organisations." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/14951.
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This thesis offers a systematic study of accountability in the voluntary sector. Existing studies of accountability tend to veer towards normative and prescriptive analyses, which fail effectively to model accountability mechanisms. They do not test the relationships between the diverse variables that can explain practices of accountability in voluntary organisations. Equally, they typically promote what I term ‘thin’ conceptualisations of accountability, either privileging the dimension of transparency or that of stakeholder engagement. Adding to such studies, this thesis develops a ‘thick’ account of accountability practices which brings together these two privileged dimensions, transparency and stakeholder engagement, in a hybrid model that breakdowns stages, levels, and mechanisms of stakeholder engagement. In so doing, it not only tests the validity of this innovative model of accountability across the voluntary sector, but also enables lessons to be drawn as to the significance of different practices of transparency and stakeholder engagement, how these dimensions interact, and the impact of variables such as organisational size, affiliation, levels and sources of income and policies and practice guidelines on accountability. Through the quantitative analysis of an original survey of voluntary organisations in England and Wales prior to austerity, the thesis draws attention to the inconsistent practices of transparency and stakeholder engagement across the sector. In so doing, it throws doubt on the narrative of organisational fixes, suggesting that there is no identifiable nor significant trend in the relationship between organisational affiliation, age, and size and practices of accountability. More importantly, the study foregrounds the complex interactions of policy and practice, shedding doubt on whether policies or the existence of a formal policy actually matters in terms of explaining practices of accountability. It reveals the complexity surrounding policy and practice when considering participation or transparency. On the one hand, the existence of a formal policy did not lead to any significant improvement in levels of stakeholder engagement and participation. But the existence of guidelines on how to action the policy did impact significantly on participation and engagement practices. On the other hand, as for transparency policies, the existence of procedures and guidelines of transparency policy impacted positively upon levels of transparency. But having simply a policy in place appeared to impact negatively on levels of transparency. And finally, policies and procedures in stakeholder participation and engagement appeared to be more effective at improving transparency than transparency policies and practices. Finally, the study raises the importance of ‘accounting for accountability’ through recourse to ‘thick’ interactive models of accountability, which combine levels of transparency and participation in one hybrid model. Combining transparency and engagement, the study demonstrates, is statistically proven to explain a higher level of accountability in the voluntary sector. The ‘thick’ hybrid model of accountability thus opens up new avenues for exploring accountability.
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Scanlon, Jennifer Margaret. "Understanding Older Adults' Perceptions of Participation in Physical Exercise: A Life Course Approach." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10120.
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The purpose of this study was to explore older adults' perceptions of participation in physical exercise throughout the life course. Using a life course perspective as the theoretical framework for this study, I identified the factors in older adults' lives that may or may not lead to continuous participation in physical exercise throughout life. Through in-depth interviews with nine men and six women who are members of the Wellness Center in Southwest Virginia, I gained a precise understanding of how societal processes and opportunities, life course roles and transitions, and individual meanings of physical exercise influenced perceptions of participation in physical exercise. Several conclusions were drawn from the findings of this research. First, the older adults' reported perceived changes in their perceptions and definitions of physical exercise in accordance with life stages and particular roles (i.e., parenthood and career) throughout their lives. Second, the older adults' believed that geographical location and societal influences and opportunities had a tremendous impact on their participation in physical activity as children. Third, the older adults' indicated that childhood involvement in physical activity was very influential to their participation in physical activities and exercise throughout life. Fourth, changing patterns of physical activity and exercise participation were associated with altered role transitions and altered opportunities during young and middle adulthood. Fifth, retirement provided the older adults with a great deal of freedom and opportunity to participate in physical exercise. Finally, the older adults' participation in physical exercise contributed to their quality of life.Master of Science
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Parrott, Lynsey Carol. "Communication participation of adult aided communicators with cerebral palsy : a discourse analytic approach." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17593.
Full textAbstract:
The field of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has evolved since the 1970s, consequently there now exists a group of adults with cerebral palsy (CP), in the UK, who are life-time users of AAC prescribed as an intervention for their complex communication impairments. Ten adults, aged between 20-55 years, participated in conversations about their unique life experiences and aspirations, using AAC, including voice output communication aids (VOCAs). The ability and opportunity to interact and communicate personal accounts has significance for conceptualizing outcomes of intervention. Clinical practice informed this research project. A qualitative research design was employed to explore questions about the extent to which adult aided communicators talk about their lives, aspirations and opinions; the past life experiences participants talk about and finally how they talk about their quality of life. Conversational-styled, semi-structured interviewing using literature-guided questions yielded rich interactional data. A discourse analytical approach to the 34 interviews was taken. Findings identified a number of ordinary interactional features and discourses. Aided communicators used multimodal communication to interact and converse, positioning through their contributions as assertive speakers and engaged recipients. Interactional turns were managed with participants using unaided communication signals as conversational continuers. Participants demonstrated how to manage others who speak on their behalf. Examples of interactional repair were noted when participants pre-empted breakdown. Managing novel utterances was a feature with unexpected responses challenging the listener’s position. Participants constructed VOCA-mediated utterances to share long-term memories, worries, satisfaction with life, and aspirations. Aspirations included community ambitions and creating fulfilling daily lives. Some participants expressed frustration but balanced this against a position of contentment. Some participants also demonstrated personal responsibility and positioned themselves through their talk as contributors to communities. Recommendations for clinical practice are suggested that include the provision of adult clinical services and interaction focused intervention for adult aided communicators with cerebral palsy.
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Wright, Kenneth Robert. "Rhetoric, writing, and civic participation : a community-literacy approach to college writing instruction /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9998051.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-156). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Jaksha, Amanda Patricia. "Environmental Identity: A New Approach to Understanding Students' Participation in Environmental Learning Programs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312621.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this study is to develop an understanding of how participants express their environmental identities during an environmental learning program. Past research on the outcomes of environmental learning programs has focused primarily on changes in knowledge and attitudes. However, even if knowledge or attitudes can be accurately measured, they do not necessarily directly predict outcomes of environmental learning programs but rather serve as a proxy. Environmental identity is proposed as an alternative way to understanding participants' experiences in an environmental learning program. This study borrows a theoretical framework for environmental identity from the field of environmental campaigning and applies the field of environmental learning in a new way. This framework is based on known aspects of human identity from psychological research and allows environmental identity to be explored in a new and unique manner. A thematic analysis approach allows for the description of how six middle school students express their environmental identities around the themes of values and life goals, group membership, and fears and threats related to environmental issues. Findings indicate that the environmental identities of the participants in this study appear to be continuously developing and changing to account for new experiences and ideas related to the environment. Over the course of the program, some of the participants expressed that their environmental identities had strengthened due to their participation in the environmental learning program. The theoretical framework is used to describe what a strong environmental identity would look like as well as to characterize three of the participants' environmental identities. The affordances and limitations of the framework are shared and suggestions are made for how the framework could be strengthened for use in understanding participants' environmental identities during environmental learning programs.