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1
Salimov, Rustam. "Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Economic Growth." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-45084.
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This thesis analysed the effect of female labor force participation rate (FLFPR) on economicgrowth and included changes in male labor force participation rate (MLFPR) to help improve thepower of the model. Here, three robust regressions were used on the sample of 16 Latin Countries(Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala,Honduras, Venezuela, RB, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, El Salvador) for theperiod of 1995-2015 in order to identify the effect of each key variable when tested separately andwhen tested together. According to the results, the coefficients of FLFPR and MLFPR are differentand also the addition of MLFPR to the model that has an explanatory variable FLFPR anddependent variable economic growth clearly improves the predicting power of the model and helpsobtain better coefficients. It was also identified that FLFPR has a strong positive relationship witheconomic growth, while MLFPR has a negative effect on the latter. Finally, the existence of u-shape relationship between FLFPR and economic growth was reaffirmed in this thesis, while itwas also shown that MLFPR does not have a u-shape relationship with the economic growth.
2
Celik, Ezgi. "Cross-country Analysis Of Female Labor Force Participation Rate." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615037/index.pdf.
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This study focuses on the female labor force participation rate (LFPR). Cross-country fixed effect analysis of fifty-six countries shows that female LFPR increases with income and education level. Moreover, average schooling years for males is a good fit for female LFPR especially in the low income countries with low education level. Average schooling years for females is a good fit for female LFPR especially in the high income countries with high education level. Higher female tertiary enrollment ratio is significant for higher female LFPR. On the other hand, Turkey has a lower level of female LFPR than the predicted level. Low female education explains the lower female LFPR of Turkey than the countries with similar income level. However, female LFPR has a declining trend in time even if income and education level improves. Institutional background of Turkey indicates the negative impact of urbanization on participation rates. However, under different growth and education scenarios, Turkey can reach higher levels until 2030. Employment policies especially focused on higher education is essential to reach the targets.
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Banuelos, Alberto. "ABC County’s Welfare-to-Work (WTW) Program Participation Rate." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7594.
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Welfare-to-work (WTW) programs are an essential part of societal assistance made available to families in need. In ABC County, CA, problems have been found with the implementation and success rates of their WTW program: Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). Even with funds allotted for the program, ABC County has not been able to design a WTW program that meets the TANF program work participation requirement of 50% of active TANF recipients in a WTW activity. The purpose of this study was to address this need as it related to the TANF program specifically. A qualitative, exploratory, single case study was used to explore how TANF personnel interacted with TANF recipients and how that interaction influenced recipients’ decision to participate in this WTW program. Data was collected from 12 TANF workers using semi-structured interviews, observation sessions, and document reviews. The results of this study indicated that the most relevant strategies TANF eligibility staff could use when interacting with TANF recipients were: cultural sensitivity, motivating, providing information, and empathizing. Shortcomings that were identified and that still need to be addressed and improved upon were communication skills, a general lack of encouragement, judgmental behavior, and personal insecurities. In terms of TANF staff perceptions regarding their influence on client decisions to participate in the program, there were mixed results. Seven study participants believed that they had an influence on client participation in this WTW program while the rest of the participants disagreed with this statement for various reasons. As a result of this research, potential social implications include the improvement of the TANF program overall and an increase in the participation rate of the beneficiaries within the program.
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AOKI, KUNIO, MOTOKO FUJIMOTO, REIKO SAKURAI, RYUICHIRO SASAKI, and NOBUYUKI KATSUDA. "Sociomedical Factors Affecting Participation in Screening Program on Cerebro- and Cardio- Vascular Disease." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17513.
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Martinez, Novack Maria Claudia, Ortiz Maria Teresa Ortiz, Bruno Castañeda-Carbajal, and German F. Alvarado. "Comments on Hynes et al. Prevalence of Marijuana Use among University Students in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru." MDPI, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/579608.
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We have read and analyzed the article entitled “Prevalence of marijuana use
among university students in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru”. We propose some
objective points which could enhance the internal validity of the study (i.e., we suggest to
report participation proportions).
6
Cuevas, Maritza, Kara Lynn Dr Boynewicz, and Brandi Dr Eveland-Sayers. "Self-report Participation of Physical Activity Outside School on Rate of Motor Skills Development in Elementary Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/53.
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This research investigates the question of why some younger children appear to have better motor skills than older children. The hypothesis that children involved in physical activities after school or in the evenings have better motor skills at younger ages than children who aren't involved in physical activities outside of school is proposed. Young children have very varied levels of motor skills competency that have developed due to living in different environments and having varied opportunity to be physically active. These differences are a result of factors like socioeconomic status, parental influence, climate, and culture.2 Sports and physical activities are usually executed in team settings, allowing children to develop important social skills like teamwork, leadership, sportsmanship, and responsibility among others.1 But what if in addition to these numerous benefits, physical activity throughout childhood also offered an improvement in the rate of development of motor skills? 120 students in grades K-5 at the East Tennessee State University School participated in a large program looking at perception, cognition and motor skills. There were no exclusion criteria for the study and all children were invited to participate. A total of 95% of the kids participated in the study and the attrition rate was zero. This portion focuses on the part of the larger study that was done prior to the start of the program. Children’s motor skills were evaluated with a standardized measure (BOT-2). The BOT-2 had 3 sections which were implemented, running speed and agility, balance, and upper limb coordination. These scores served as the dependent variable that relied on the time spent in physical activities outside of school and in the evenings as the independent variable. The scores were analyzed along with self-reported surveys on the levels of physical activity of the children. The results showed that there was evidence to support an association between the amount of physical activity outside of school, either after or in the evenings, r = .621, p = .001. There was evidence to support an association between the amount of time spent in physical activity on after school/evenings and running speed/agility, r = 0.295 and 0.269 p=.001. There was some evidence to support an association between the amount of time spent in physical activity after school and upper limb r = 0.253, p = 0.05. There was no evidence to support an association between the amount of time spent in physical activity on nights/after school and balance r = 0.045 and r = 0.059 p = 0.45. This work will be useful in understanding the relationship between children’s participation in physical activity after school and their motor skills development rate. The information gathered from this research can be used to promote and support the increase of physical activity time that is available to students during school. Allowing children to have more experiences and opportunities for physical activity at school can help minimize any disadvantage in the rate of motor skills development that children who are not physically active at home may have.
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Montague, Alan John, and alan montague@rmit edu au. "Policy making and the Ministerial Review of Postcompulsory Education Pathways in Victoria 2000-2004." RMIT University. Education, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061115.101745.
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In January 2000 the Victorian government established a 'Ministerial Review of Postcompulsory Education Pathways in Victoria'. This explores the work of this Ministerial Review using an organisational discourse approach to the policy-making process. The study examines how the initial problem was represented that required policy intervention. I ask what the Brack's Victorian State Government defined, understood and represented the 'problem' to be regarding young people's participation in post-compulsory education. The research then focuses on establishing how the Ministerial Review set out to validate the initial representation of the problem. The research then concentrates on how the Ministerial Review came to develop its policy recommendations to address the policy problems it had identified. This involves establishing what solutions to the 'problem' were proposed by the Ministerial Review panel and why they were recommended as policies. Finally this study evaluates the value of the Ministerial Review process.
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AlSugair, Najla. "Increasing the Female Labor Participation Rate in Saudi Arabia: A Systems Approach to Solving Childcare Access Issues for Saudi Women." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2015. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/367.
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Mohammed, Isam Yasin Adb Elgadir. "Participation of African immigrants in the labour force of South Africa: Insights from the 2001 population census." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5423_1271011997.
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The study examines the participation of African immigrants in the South African labour force with the central question revolving around whether the immigrants create jobs through the establishment of their own businesses or take jobs from the locals. Analytical frame work used in this study includes descriptive statistics, chi-square test for association and standardized residuals, two-way analysis of variance and logistic regression. Demographic, locational and socio-economic characteristics were studied using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Two-factor analysis of variance was used to examine the differences on average in the African immigrants&rsquo
participation in the labour force, while logistic regression was used to investigate the effect of some demographic characteristics on employment and work status.
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Brown-Minis, Elizabeth N. "The effect of participation in a community college mentoring program on the retention rate and academic performance of first-time, full-time students /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953847.
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Fredriksson, Cajsa. "Determinants of household savings : An international cross-country analysis to detect the determinants of household savings." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-79936.
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The purpose of this paper is to look into the determinants of household savings in an international cross-section. The focus is on the effects from social security, old-age dependency, participation rate and change in unemployment, among other variables as an addition to the disequilibrium saving hypotheses, which is the base theory for the savings function. The fixed-effect least square dummy variable method is used on panel data of 14 OECD countries over the time-span 2000 to 2018. The determinants that has a significant effect on household saving in the empirical result is unanticipated income; a positive sign supports the permanent-income hypothesis and the disequilibrium saving hypothesis. This means that individuals tend to save the transitory income. The next significant variable is the lagged savings rate, which indicates inactivity in the savings behavior. The change in the unemployment rate is also significant and the positive sign supports the uncertainty hypothesis, indicating that individuals tend to save for precautionary reasons. The last significant variable was social security and it had a negative effect on household savings; which is supported by the life-cycle hypothesis, and can indicate a wealth substitution effect or general confidence in the social security system.
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Walker, Alexandra. "The Idealization of Domesticity in Turkey: Understanding Turkish Women’s Low Labor Force Participation Rate Since the Justice and Development Party’s Rise to Power in 2002." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1909.
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This thesis explores the intersection of politics, religious ideology, and gender norms in the context of the Turkish labor market. I aim to shed light on the increasing interplay of these forces under AKP governance and, by extension, provide a rationale for Turkish women’s consistently low labor force participation. Further, I intend to expose that, despite introducing several legal reforms geared towards promoting gender equality, the party continues to frame the traditional family unit as the main pillar of social stability, thereby forcing women into a domestic box from which they have not been able to escape. I hypothesize that several of the AKP’s reforms, which involve various domains of Turkish society—the social security system, the institution of marriage, the family unit (specifically public childcare), and, more indirectly, the education system—have deterred Turkish women from entering and/or remaining in the labor force, as they are predicated on the party’s idealization of domesticity. Ultimately, I grapple with the ways in which the AKP’s policies and ideology have led to Turkish women’s low labor force participation rate—reported by the International Labour Organization (ILO) to be 32.37 percent in March 2017.[1]
[1] “Labor Force Participation Rate, Female (% of Female Population Ages 15+) (Modeled ILO Estimate): Turkey,” The World Bank, November 2017, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS?locations=TR.
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Cinclair, Carol. "The Effects of Participation in a Buddy System on the Self-Concept, Academic Achievement, Attrition Rate, and Congruence Level of Community College Developmental Studies Students." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331958/.
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This dissertation sought to determine the effects of a buddy system on a student's self-concept, academic achievement, attrition rate, and congruence levels. The buddy system treatment randomly paired two students for the purposes of sharing ideas, working on assignments, getting to know each other, and supporting one another. The study included three randomly selected sections of pre-college level, developmental writing classes from the Brookhaven College of the Dallas County Community College District. Three other classes served as the control group, and one instructor taught all six sections of the course. Three instruments were used as measures of change: the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS), designed by William H. Fitts, measured self-concept levels; the Personality and Educational Environment Scale (PEES), created by Roger Boshier, measured congruence levels; and a written paragraph measured achievement levels in English. Attrition percentages were based on the number of students enrolled during the second week of class who were not present during the sixteenth week of class. To test for significance, an analysis of covariance procedure was used on the TSCS, PEES, and written paragraph results, and a test for the difference between proportions for independent groups was used on the attrition percentages. The class sections were nested under either the experimental or the control group to identify significant differences between class sections. On the TSCS, a significance of .96 among sections and .48 between groups indicated no significant change had occurred in self-concept levels. For the PEES, a significance of .30 among sections and .75 between groups indicated no change had occurred in congruence levels. Finally, on the paragraph assessment, a significance of .87 among sections and .31 between groups showed no change had occurred in achievement levels. However, the test for significance of the difference between attrition percentages revealed that the buddy system treatment was an effective method of retention.
14
Sun, Yanling. "Effects of web page design and reward method on college students' participation in web-based surveys." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1150392670.
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Murphy-Boyer, Linda. "A comparison study of group development, and rate, amount and depth of participation by gender, status and personality in a hybrid, face to face/online, course." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62990.pdf.
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Green, Tonya Merlene. "The Refusal Problem and Nonresponse in On-Line Organizational Surveys." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332568/.
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Although the primary role of the computer has been in processing and analysis of survey data, it has increasingly been used in data collection. Computer surveys are not exempt from a common problem: some refuse to participate. Many researchers and practitioners indicate the refusal problem is less for computer surveys, perhaps due to the novelty of the method. What has not been investigated is the refusal problem when on-line surveys are no longer novel. This research study examines the use of one form of computer-assisted data collection, the electronic or on-line survey, as an organizational research tool. The study utilized historical response data and administered an on-line survey to individuals known to be cooperative or uncooperative in other on-line surveys. It investigated nonresponse bias and response effects of typical responders, periodic participants, and typical refusers within a sample of corporate employees in a computer-interactive interviewing environment utilizing on-line surveys. The items measured included: participation, respondent characteristics, response speed, interview length, perceived versus actual interview length, quantity of data, item nonresponse, item response bias, consistency of response, extremity of response, and early and late response. It also evaluated factors reported as important when deciding to participate, preferred data collection method, and preferred time of display. Past participation, attitudes toward on-line organizational surveys, response burden, and response error were assessed. The overall completion rate of 55.7% was achieved in this study. All effort was made to encourage cooperation of all groups, including an invitation to participate, token, on-line pre-notification, 800 number support, two on-line reminders, support of temporary exit, and a paper follow-up survey. A significant difference in the participation of the three groups was found. Only three demographic variables were found to be significant. No significant differences were found in speed of response, interview length, quantity, item nonresponse, item response bias, consistency, and extremity. Significant differences were found in the perceived and actual times to complete the survey.
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Gerwel, Heinrich John. "The effects of labour policies in the Piedmont Region of Italy on equity in the labour market: reflections on women in Labour." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2122.
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Magister Economicae - MEconThe study concentrates on a particular type of state intervention in social policy. It considers whether policy reforms and subsequent provision of information with regards to the issue of parental leave and part-time work arrangements, makes an impact on gender equity in the labour market (Del Boca, 2002; Naldini & Saraceno, 2008). Giddens' theory of structuration is the conceptual framework from which this study approaches these questions. It is thus held that agents (in this instance, women) are constrained by structures (labour policy framework and institutionalised labour practices) to achieve specific social goals. And further: that the apparent lack of power on the part of agents requires intervention on the part of the state apparatus to correct the failure (or inability) of the labour market to deliver the social justice as aspired to in the cited European Employment Strategy, as well as fostering economic efficiency (Barr, 1992). I further contend that not only are agents constrained by structural properties, but that institutional reform (in the form of labour policy reform) is constrained by the human action1 of the management of firms and enterprises as economic agents within the policy framework.
South Africa
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Palseur, Alban. "Participation à l'étude de la qualification juridique des produits dérivés de crédit en droit français." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30075/document.
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Depuis la succession des récentes crises financières, les « dérivés de crédit » connaissent une notoriété médiatique très intense qui dépasse la seule sphère des spécialistes. Créés au début des années 1990, ils sont des instruments financiers de transfert du risque de crédit. Ils autorisent tant la protection que la spéculation. Ils sont juridiquement documentés par des conventions-Cadres proposées par l’International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA), et dans une très petite mesure, par la Fédération Bancaire Française en France. Ils regroupent cinq grandes catégories de contrat : « credit default swap » ou « contrat d’échange sur le risque de crédit », « credit linked notes » ou « dérivé de crédit titrisé », « credit spread option » ou « option sur écart de taux », « credit spread forward » ou « dérivé sur écart de taux » et « total rate of return swap » ou « dérivé de transfert total de rendement ». La nature et la diversité des « dérivés de crédit » posent depuis toujours de sérieuses difficultés de qualification dans de nombreux pays. En droit français, si une qualification commune semble émerger, celle d’instrument financier, elle est hélas insuffisante à apporter un régime juridique complet. Un travail complémentaire de qualification est indispensable pour chaque contrat membre des « dérivés de crédit »Nowadays, since financial crisis, « credit derivatives » are famous. Born in 1990’s, they transfer the credit risk. They are speculation’s instrument or margin’s instrument. International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA), and the Fédération Bancaire Française (in France), point to pattern juridical agreement. Credit derivatives include five big sort of agreement : « credit default swap » (« contrat d’échange sur le risque de crédit »), « credit linked notes » (« dérivé de crédit titrisé »), « credit spread option » (« option sur écart de taux »), « credit spread forward » (« dérivé sur écart de taux ») and « total rate of return swap » (« dérivé de transfert total de rendement »). Their variety and essence ask difficult question of juridical appreciation in many countries. In French law, credit derivatives are « instrument financier ». But this juridical appreciation is incomplete. Every sort of agreement must being individually studies
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Koivogui, Akoi. "Mieux atteindre, cibler et caractériser les patients relevant du dépistage organisé du CCR en France : place des bases médico-administratives et des réseaux sociaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 13, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA131041.
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Toutes les conditions justifiant la mise en place d'une politique de dépistage sont remplies par le cancer colorectal (CCR) : il est fréquent (43 000 nouveaux cas en France chaque année), grave (on ne guérit actuellement qu'un cancer sur deux) et s'il est diagnostiqué au début, il est habituellement guéri. Ce cancer peut être prévenu par la détection et l'exérèse des adénomes qui le précèdent le plus souvent. Enfin, il existe une stratégie de dépistage reposant sur la recherche d'un saignement occulte dans les selles par un test réalisé tous les 2 ans. En France, le taux de participation aux campagnes de dépistage atteint rarement 50% dans la plupart des départements français. Nous cherchions à vérifier deux hypothèses : i)l'exploitation de plusieurs sources de données, notamment les bases de données médico-administratives et les registres de cancers, permettrait de mieux cibler et caractériser les personnes éligibles aux campagnes de dépistage en France, ce qui améliorerait considérablement le taux d'exclusion médicale ; ii) la promotion du dépistage à travers les réseaux sociaux permettrait d'atteindre les personnes non participant aux campagnes de dépistage, ce qui améliorerait considérable l'effectif de participants à une campagne de dépistage. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes fixés pour objectif de développer des approches pour mieux cibler, caractériser et atteindre les patients relevant du dépistage en France, en s'intéressant en particulier à l'apport de la réutilisation de données médico-administratives et l'usage de réseaux sociaux. Notre approche méthodologique a été de comparer d'abord les définitions internationales des populations cible du dépistage et la place des bases de données médico-administratives dans les méthodologies de ciblage des populations éligibles aux campagnes de dépistage à travers le monde. Une synthèse des différents profils de personnes atteintes d'une situations morbides pouvant justifier d'une exclusion médicale a été faite. La définition de la personne a été faite à l'aide de critères d'exclusion consensuels dans les programmes internationaux dans le de la transcrire en requête pour pouvoir exclure les personnes du dépistage à partir des données du Système national des données de santé (SNDS). A l'aide d'un module de géolocalisation et de sensibilisation sur le réseau social Facebook, nous avons analyser l'apport des réseaux sociaux comme sources supplémentaires de motivation des personnes à participer aux campagnes de DOCCR.Cette thèse met en évidence des stratégies et moyens d'exploitation de plusieurs sources de données pour une optimisation des campagnes de DOCCR en France. La thèse montre aussi que ces sources de données n'étaient pas encore exploitées en France dans le cadre du dépistage du cancer colorectal. Pour consolider la définition de la population éligible au DOCCR, l'intérêt du développement d'une méthode d'identification à partir des données de consommation de soins du SNDS a été largement argumenté dans cette thèse. Nous avons argumenté l'accès aux données du SNDS et le projet suit son cours en guise de perspective à la thèse. Nous envisageons aussi, la mise en place et l'évaluation à grande échelle d'une stratégie complémentaire d'optimisation des campagnes de DOCCR à travers les réseaux sociaux notamment Facebook car l'expérimentation n'avait ciblé que six communes d'un seul départementAll the conditions justifying the implementation of a screening policy are met by colorectal cancer (CRC): it is frequent (43,000 new cases in France each year), serious (only one in two CRC case is currently cured) and if diagnosed early, it is usually cured. This cancer can be prevented by the detection and excision of the adenomas which most often precede it. Finally, there is a screening strategy based on the search for occult bleeding in the stools by a test carried out every 2 years. In France, the participation rate in screening campaigns rarely reaches 50% in most French districts. We sought to verify two hypotheses in this research work: i) The use of several data sources, in particular medico-administrative databases and cancer registries, would make it possible to better target and define people eligible for screening campaigns in France, which would improve significantly the medical exclusion rates; ii) Promoting screening through social networks would make it possible to reach people who do not participate in screening campaigns, which would considerably improve the number of participants in a screening campaign.In this thesis, we aimed to develop approaches to better target, define and reach patients subject to screening in France, focusing in particular on the contribution of the reuse of medico-administrative data and the use of social networks.Our methodological approach was to first compare international definitions of screening target populations and the place of medico-administrative databases in methodologies for targeting populations eligible for screening campaigns around the world. A summary of the different profiles of people suffering from morbid situations that could justify medical exclusion was highlighted. The definition of the person was made using consensual exclusion criteria in international programs in order to translate it into a query to be able to exclude people from screening campaign using the data of the French medico-administrative database usually called ?SNDS? (?Système national des données de santé?). Using a geolocation and awareness module on the social network Facebook, we analyzed the contribution of social networks as additional sources of motivation for people to participate in colorectal cancer screening campaigns.This thesis highlights strategies and means for using several data sources for optimization of screening campaigns in France. The thesis also shows that these data sources were not yet used in France for colorectal cancer screening. To consolidate the definition of the campaign's eligible population, the interest in developing an identification method based on healthcare consumption data from SNDS has been widely argued in this thesis. We have argued for access to SNDS data, and the project is continuing as a perspective for the thesis. We are also considering the implementation and large-scale evaluation of a complementary strategy for optimizing screening campaigns through social networks, particularly Facebook, because the experiment only targeted six municipalities in a single district
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Andersson, Jenny. "Older Women and Food : Dietary Intake and Meals in Self-Managing and Disabled Swedish Females Living at Home." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Domestic Sciences, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2558.
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The aim of the present thesis was to study elderly self-managing and disabled women’s dietary intake and meals in relation to age, household structure (single-living or cohabitant), disability and cooking ability. The women were aged 64-88 years and living at home, in the mid-eastern part of Sweden. The self-managing women were randomly selected. The disabled women – suffering from Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis or stroke – were selected from patient records. A total of 139 self-managing and 63 disabled women participated. Two dietary assessment methods were used: a repeated 24-h recall and a three-day estimated food diary, providing dietary intake for five non-consecutive days. The results indicate that elderly women still living in their homes seem to manage a sufficient dietary intake despite disability and high age. The reported energy intakes in all groups of women were low, which might be explained by an actual low intake and/or under-reporting. The portion sizes seemed to be smaller in the highest age group, leading to lower intakes of some nutrients. Thus also the nutrient density of the food should be given greater consideration. The meal pattern was shown to be regular and the distribution of main meals and snacks was found to be satisfactory. Meals and snacks that were defined as such by the women themselves thus seem to be more significant from an energy and nutritional perspective. Perceived cooking ability co-varied with energy and nutrient intake as well as with meal pattern.
Further, a qualitative dietary assessment method, FBCE, was analysed. It was concluded that it must be supplemented with a dietary assessment method providing energy intake figures to ensure a sufficient intake, especially when studying groups at risk for low energy intake.
Furthermore, the aim was to perform a dropout analysis. When studying older women and food, a low participation rate might be expected since the most active, the very ill as well as the disabled tend to decline participation, but also since food is a gender issue. Food could, especially for women, be a sensitive area of discussion, even though older women seem to choose "healthy foods" and eat "proper meals".
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Vieira, Lilian Aguiar. "Capital social e saúde: associação entre proxys de capital social e a taxa de mortalidade por causas externas por agressão e por lesões autoprovocadas em municípios brasileiros com mais 100.000 habitantes." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1870.
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A relação existente entre capital social e a saúde tem sido objeto de estudo há longa data. A participação cívica encontra-se presente em legislações de saúde, nos movimentos pela prevenção e promoção da saúde e nas conferências e conselhos de saúde. Este estudo busca contribuir com a discussão da existência de associação entre saúde e capital social. Foram verificadas associações entre taxa de mortalidade por causas externas – agressão e lesões autoprovocada – e participação ativa na vida associativa dos indivíduos, manifestações de interesse na organização da sociedade civil e atividade dos conselhos gestores municipais, em municípios com mais de 100.000 habitantes. Aplicou-se o método de regressão múltipla assimétrica no modelo skew-normal. Utilizaram-se como variáveis de controle: Coeficiente de GINI, renda per capita dos municípios, IFDM e o PIB. Os resultados mostram existência de associação entre as taxas de mortalidade e variáveis que captam aspectos do capital social. Mortalidade por agressão e mortalidade por lesões autoprovocadas apresentaram perfis diferentes de associação com variáveis relacionadas ao capital social.
The relationship between social capital and health has been studied for a long time. Civic participation is present in the laws of health, health promotion movements and other councils and conferences about health. This study intends to contribute to the discussion of the existence of an association between health and social capital. Associations were found between mortality from external causes - aggression and self-harm injuries - and active participation in associational life of citizens, expressions of interest in civil society organization and activity of the municipal councils in cities with more than 100,000 habitants. Method was applied in multiple regression assymmetric skew-normal model. Thus, some control variables were used: Gini coefficient, per capita income of the cities, municipal development Firjan index (IFDM) and the Gross National Product (PIB). The results show an association between mortality rates and variables that capture aspects of social capital. Mortality from aggression and self-harm mortality showed different patterns of association with variables related to social capital.
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Plonquet, Matthieu. "Three essays on using Nudges in business firms." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E062.
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Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons l’approche Nudge pour résoudre des problèmes comportementaux auxquelles les entreprises peuvent être confrontées. Dans le premier chapitre, nous commençons par exposer certains des problèmes que l’économie classique peine à résoudre, puis nous présentons l’approche Nudge et expliquons en quoi elle peut être une alternative efficace. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous utilisons le Nudge pour changer la formulation d’invitations à participer à des enquêtes sur internet afin d’en augmenter le taux de participation. Nous trouvons que la plupart des Nudges parviennent à convaincre les individus de laisser leur adresse e-mail, mais que seuls ceux qui reconnaissent leurs efforts améliorent le taux de participation. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous utilisons le Nudge pour développer des enquêtes de satisfaction très courtes, administrées chaque mois, et comparons les résultats ainsi obtenus à ceux d’une enquête plus longue en fin de stage. Nous trouvons que la satisfaction lors du premier mois est fortement corrélée à la satisfaction finale, ce qui rend possible de détecter d’éventuels problèmes très tôt. Dans le chapitre final, nous utilisons les Nudges pour rendre une tâche simple plus ludique, une approche appelée « gamification ». Les Nudges augmentent la productivité autant que des incitations monétaires, sans coûter autant que ces dernières. Par ailleurs, les Nudges améliorent la motivation intrinsèque quand ils ne sont pas implémentés en même temps que les incitations. Nous concluons avec des conseils pratiques pour les décideurs souhaitant essayer le NudgeIn this work, we use the Nudge approach to solve behavioral problems that business firms may have to face. In the first chapter, we start by exposing some issues that the classical economic approach struggles with, before presenting the Nudge approach and why we believe it is relevant to the problems that businesses still face today. In the second chapter, we change the formulations of the invitations to participate to web surveys, using Nudge principles, in order to improve participation rate. Most Nudges increase the proportion of individuals giving their e-mail address, but only those that acknowledge the respondent's effort increase participation rate. In the third chapter, we use the Nudge approach's teachings to improve the measurement of job satisfaction. We measure the satisfaction of interns every month during their internships with a very short survey, and compare it to a lengthy survey administered at the end of the internship. We find that satisfaction during the first month of the internship is highly correlated with final satisfaction, which makes it possible to detect potential problems very early. In the final chapter, we use Nudges to improve productivity by making a simple task more playful, a process called “gamification”. Nudges generate the same increase in productivity as the monetary incentives, without the added cost of the latter. Moreover, unless monetary incentives are implemented at the same time, Nudges increase intrinsic motivation. We conclude our work with practical advice for decision-makers who want to try Nudging
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Mohemkar-Kheirandish, Reza. "Intra-Household Decision Making." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29215.
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This dissertation consists of three essays. In the first one (Chapter three), "Gains and Losses from Household Formation," I introduce a general equilibrium model, wherein a household may consist of more than one member, each with their own preferences and endowments. In these models at first, individuals form households. Then, collective decisions (or bargaining) within the household specifies the consumption plans of household members. Finally, competition across households determines a feasible allocation of resources. I consider a model with two types of individuals and pure group externalities. I investigate the competitive equilibrium allocation and stability of the equilibrium in that setting. Specifically, I show that under a certain set of assumptions a competitive equilibrium with free exit is also a competitive equilibrium with free household formation. Similar results are obtained for a special case of consumption externality. Illustrative examples, where prices may change as household structures change, are used to show how general equilibrium model with variable household structure works and some interesting results are discussed at the end of the first essay.
In the second essay (Chapter four), “Effects of the Price System on Household Labor Supply,” I introduce leisure and labor into the two-type economy framework that was constructed in the first essay. The main objective of this essay is to investigate the effects of exogenous prices on the labor supply decisions, and completely analyze the partial equilibrium model outcomes in a two-type economy setting. I assume a wage gap and explore the effect of that gap on labor supply. The main content of the second essay is the analysis of the effect of change in wages, price of the private good, power of each individual in the household, relative importance of private consumption compared to leisure, and the level of altruism on individual's decisions about how much private good or leisure he/she wants to consume. The effect of a relative price change on labor supply, private consumption and utility level is also investigated. Moreover, one of the variations of Spence's signaling model is borrowed to explain why higher education of women in Iran does not necessarily translate into higher female labor force participation. Finally, fixed point theorem is used to calculate the power (or alternatively labor supply) of individuals in the household endogenously for the two-type economy with labor at the end of this essay.
In the third essay (Chapter five), “Dynamics of Poverty in Iran: What Are the Determinants of the Probability of Being Poor?,” I explore the characteristics of the households who fall below the poverty line and stay there as well as those who climb up later. I decompose poverty in Iran into chronic and transient poverty, and investigate the relation of each component of poverty with certain characteristics of households. I also study mobility and the main characteristics of growth in expenditure of households. One of the main issues in economic policy making nowadays is the evaluation of effectiveness of anti-poverty programs. In order to achieve this goal one should be able to track down a household for a period of time. In this essay, I am going to investigate the dynamics of poverty in Iran during 1992-95. I am especially interested in finding the characteristics of the households that fall below the poverty line and stay there in addition to those that climb up later. Obviously, if policy-makers want to have efficient policies to reduce poverty, they should target the former group. I decompose poverty in Iran into chronic and transient poverty, and investigate the relation of each component of poverty with certain characteristics of households. I also study mobility in this period with an emphasis on mobility in and out of poverty and review the main characteristics of the growth in expenditure of households.Ph. D.
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Matsubayashi, Tetsuya. "Racial environment and political participation." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1600.
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Heney, Janet Carleton University Dissertation Social Work. "Volunteer participation at the Ottawa Rape Crisis Centre." Ottawa, 1987.
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Pyrhönen, K. (Kaisa). "Food allergies and hypersensitivities among children in South Karelia:occurrence, inheritance and seasonality." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514293955.
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Abstract The aim of the South Karelian Allergy Research Project (SKARP) was to quantify the occurrence of children’s food allergy and food-associated hypersensitivity symptoms and their associated factors. The study population comprised all children born between April 2001 and March 2006 and living in the province of South Karelia, in the south-eastern part of Finland. The questionnaire survey was conducted in co-operation with the child health clinics in the area in 2005–2006. Concurrently with but independently of the questionnaire study, the results of allergy tests regarding the same child population were collected from patient records. The participation rates in the questionnaire study were 54% (644/1194) among the newborn infants and 69% (3308/4779) among the children aged 1 to 4 years. The lifetime prevalence of parent-reported food allergies was 9% and that of parent-perceived food-associated hypersensitivity symptoms 21% by the age of 4 years. In addition, another 19% of children adhered to an elimination diet without previous symptoms associated with any food items. The prevalence of children with such diets decreased by age. Up to the age of 4 years, 19% of the participants had undergone a food allergy test and 8% of the participants had obtained a positive result in these tests. Physician-diagnosed food allergies and food allergies based on the tests were more common for milk, egg and cereals than for other food items. The tested children and those with a positive test result were only slightly overrepresented among the participants. Allergic manifestations in either biological parent doubled and in both biological parents tripled the incidence of a positive food allergy test. The spring season coinciding with the end of the first trimester of pregnancy predicted sensitisation to food items in the children. In early childhood, food allergies and food hypersensitivities were found to be common in a child population. New population-based knowledge regarding the inheritance of these conditions was obtained. Additionally, an association was observed between the timing of the 11th gestational week in spring and the sensitisation to food items, the detailed reasons and immunological mechanisms of which must be confirmed in further studiesTiivistelmä Etelä-Karjalan allergiatutkimus (EKAT) käynnistettiin selvittämään lasten ruoka-allergioiden ja ruokayliherkkyysoireiden esiintyvyyttä ja niihin liittyviä tekijöitä. Tutkimusväestöön kuuluivat kaikki ne Etelä-Karjalan maakunnan alueella asuvat lapset, jotka olivat syntyneet huhtikuun 2001 ja maaliskuun 2006 välisenä aikana. Kyselyaineisto kerättiin yhteistyössä alueen neuvoloiden kanssa vuosina 2005–2006. Kyselytutkimuksen kanssa samanaikaisesti mutta siitä riippumattomasti kerättiin samaa lapsiväestöä koskevat allergiatestitulokset alueen potilasrekistereistä. Kyselytutkimuksen osallistumisaste oli vastasyntyneiden ikäluokassa 54 % (644/1194) ja isommilla lapsilla 69 % (3308/4779). Kolmannen ikävuoden loppuun mennessä vanhemmat ilmoittivat 9 %:lla lapsista todetun ruoka-allergiaa ja lisäksi 21 %:lla ruokayliherkkyys perustui ainoastaan vanhempien havaintoihin. Näiden lisäksi 19 % lapsista vältti yhtä tai useampaa ruoka-ainetta ilman, että minkään ruoka-aineen olisi todettu aiheuttaneen oireita. Dieettien noudattajien osuus väheni selvästi tarkasteltaessa ikäluokkia yksivuotiaista neljävuotiaisiin. Kolmannen ikävuoden loppuun mennessä ruoka-allergiatestattuja oli 19 % ja positiivisen testituloksen saaneita 8 % tutkimukseen osallistuneista. Lääkärin toteamat ja testeihin perustuneet ruoka-allergiat olivat tavallisempia maidolle, kananmunalle ja viljoille kuin muille ruoka-aineille. Allergiatestatuilla ja positiivisen testituloksen saaneilla oli vain lievä yliedustus kyselytutkimukseen osallistujien joukossa verrattuna kyselyyn vastaamattomiin. Allergiset sairaudet toisella biologisella vanhemmalla kaksinkertaistivat ja molemmilla vanhemmilla kolminkertaistivat positiivisen ruoka-allergiatestin ilmaantuvuuden. Raskauden ensimmäisen kolmanneksen lopun ajoittuminen kevääseen ennakoi syntyvän lapsen herkistymistä ruoka-aineille. Varhaislapsuuden ruoka-allergioiden ja -yliherkkyyksien todettiin olevan tavallisia väestössä. Näiden sairauksien periytyvyydestä saatiin uutta väestötietoa. Lisäksi havaittiin yhteys 11. raskausviikon ajoittumisen kevääseen ja ruoka-aineille herkistymisen välillä. Yhteyden yksityiskohtaiset syytekijät ja immunologiset mekanismit täytyy ehdottomasti vahvistaa jatkotutkimuksin
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Dreyer, Edward Malcom. "A Comparison of the Participation Rates and Perceptions of Males and Females Regarding High School Athletic Participation." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3732098.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the athletic participation rate of males and females within the high school of study. Freshmen and senior students were surveyed to gather data on the reasons students chose to participate or not participate in athletics. Focus groups were conducted at a local university to further explore why students participated in athletics and why some of these students discontinued their participation in athletics. Focus groups also explored challenges facing athletes and student perceptions of female participation in athletics. Athletic participation data from the high school of study were also taken into consideration.
This study also touched on the history of females as they journeyed throughout history from the Theory of Separate Spheres to Title IX. The impact of Title IX on female athletics is also touched upon. Special attention was paid to the struggle female athletes have as they compete in athletics, why athletics are good for all participants, and health risks specific to females. Based on all of the data gathered, recommendations were made to the high school of study, to parents of female athletes, and for future studies to increase female athletic participation. Results of this study will assist administrators as they look for ways to increase female athletic participation within the high school of study.
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Mekherbeche, Ghalem. "Emploi et chômage en Algérie, évolution et transformaion de 1966 à 2014." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2012.
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Cette étude a pour objectif d’étudier l’emploi et le chômage, son évolution en Algérie de 1966 à 2014 ainsi que ses aspects sociodémographiques. L’étude du marché du travail algérien a montré que celui-ci a subi de profondes transformations à cause des événements démographiques et économiques qui ont jalonné le pays, tels que : l’expansion de l’emploi informel et féminin, le recul de l’emploi public et l’effondrement du secteur agricole. L’analyse des données des enquêtes emplois de l’ONS, montre l’impact de ces éléments sur les taux d’activité. Ces derniers ont connu une grande hausse durant les périodes de crise etparticulièrement dans les années 1990. Cette hausse était due, à la fois, à la croissance démographique et à la poussée de l’activité féminine. Pour le taux de chômage, il a atteint son niveau le plus bas en 1984. Cette baisse est imputée à la faible pression démographique sur le marché du travail comme à la politique économique suivie dans les années 1970. A partir de 1986, le niveau de chômage augmente et atteint un pic durant les années 1990. Cette hausse a été déclenchée par un ensemble de facteurs : l’arrivée en masse sur le marché du travail d’individus issus des générations du baby-boom, la baisse durable des prix des hydrocarbures , la crise politique et sécuritaire et l’arrivée d’un nombre croissant de femmes sur le marché du travail. De 2000 à 2013, le niveau de chômage tend à la baisse. En effet, la forte hausse des prix des hydrocarbures en cette période, a permis la création d’un volume important d’emplois non permanents. S’ajoute, à cela, la baisse de la pression démographique dans la même période. A partir de 2014, le niveau de chômage repart vers la hausse alors qu’en même temps les cours du prix du pétrole chutent.Cette thèse a également visé le marché de l’emploi à l’échelle locale. Ainsi, l’enquête menée dans la wilaya d’Oran a concerné cinq communes. L’exploitation des données de cette enquête a révélé une forte participation des femmes dans la vie active ; près de la moitié d’entre elles ont suivi un enseignement supérieur. Cela a influé sur le taux d’activité global qui est plus élevé que la moyenne nationale. Quant aux taux d’emploi, ils sont faibles dans les communes réputées pour leur structure industrielle et plus important dans les communes les plus agglomérées. S’agissant de l’âge moyen d’entrée dans le premier emploi, l’enquête a relevé que le niveau d’instruction joue un rôle déterminant dans la diminution de l’écart entre les hommes et les femmes: l’âge d’entrée dans un premier emploi chez les universitaires femmes et hommes est presque identique alors que pour le niveau d’instruction égal ou inférieur au moyen, les femmes entrent plus tardivement sur le marché de l’emploi par rapport aux hommes. En ce qui concerne les demandeurs d’emplois, les données de l’enquête ont abouti à un taux de chômage plus élevé que la moyenne nationale. Le niveau de chômage est plus élevé dans les communes réputées être le bassin d’emploi de la wilaya d’OranThis study aims to analyze employment, unemployment and their evolution in Algeria from 1966 to 2014 and their socio-demographic point of view. The study of the Algerian workforce has shown that there has been a profound transformation due to demographic and economic events which stand out as milestones such as: the expansion of informal work, women in the workforce, decreasing public sector employment and the collapse of agriculture. The analysis of studies by the ONS show the impact of these elements on the rate of activity. The latter has shown a large increase during periods of crisis and particularlyduring the 1990's.This demand was the result of the increase of population and the development of women in the workforce. Unemployment reached its lowest level in 1984. This reduction is due to low population demand and the political and economic situation in the 1970's. From 1986, unemployment increased and reached its peak in the 1990's. This rise was due to a number of factors: the arrival of the baby-boomers and an increased number of women in the workplace, low petrol prices, and the political and security crisis. From 2000 to 2013 unemployment lessened. In fact, the high price of petrol in this period created a large number of precarious jobs and a drop in demand. From 2014, unemployment increased while the price of petrol fell.This work also studies the marketplace on a local level via 5 communes in wilaya d'Oran. The analysis of the information reveals a strong female participation, almost half of them have tertiary qualifications. That has influenced the total activity which is higher than the national average. Employment is low in the communes with an industrial structure and more important in built-up areas.The study shows that the level of education for first job seekers plays an important role between the employment of men and women: the age of tertiary educated men and women entering their first job is almost equal, where the level of education of men and women is equal or less than the average, women enter the workforce later than men. The study reveals that the level of job-seekers is higher than the national average. The level of unemployment is higher in the labour pool of the communes of wilaya d'Oran
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Kus, Maciej. "The Role of Religion in Determining Female Labor Force Participation Rates." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9306.
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This paper looks at macro level data to measure the influence religion has played on female labor force participation (FLFP) rates between 1980 and 2005. It also attempts to find if this influence has changed over time. It then focuses specifically on African and post-communist nations as that is where some of the major religious changes have taken place in the last few decades. There is no clear pattern of an increasing or decreasing influence of religion on FLFP rates. Rather, different religions in different parts of the world affect FLFP in different ways. Finally, this paper looks specifically at Islamic and Catholic nations to see what variables have an effect on rising FLFP rates in those countries.
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Yamanaka, Jackie E. "The Effect of Oral Contraceptives on Women's Labor Force Participation Rates." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/270.
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The first oral contraceptive was introduced in the United States during the 1960s, and, subsequently, there was an increase in women’s labor force participation rates. Although the economic role of oral contraceptives is still highly debated by scholars, previous studies have found that the pill had a statistically significant impact on women’s labor force participation rates. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women, I will analyze how hours worked, hourly wages, weekly earnings and occupations for women were affected by oral contraceptives. By controlling for various governing statutes that affected the availability of the use and distribution of oral contraceptives in different states, I am able to provide evidence highlighting the extent of the pill’s significance. I find that early legal access (ELA) to oral contraceptives that resulted from residential states legalizing abortion before others positively and significantly affects women’s hours worked, hourly wages, weekly earnings and whether or not women entered into professional occupations.
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Rabbitte, Jessica. "Do psychosocial factors predict pain after participation in an ultramarathon race?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30956.
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BACKGROUND
Participation in ultramarathon races is increasing globally. Although endurance running has numerous physical and psychological benefits, due to the excessive volume of training and the physical and emotional demands of completing an ultramarathon event, exercise-induced muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness are common. Recovery is central to improving performance and is also a determining factor in return to training. Recovery requires both physical and psychological adaptation. However, there is limited research exploring the effect psychosocial factors play on pain recovery following competition, particularly in endurance runners. More specifically, the role fear avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing and self-efficacy play in pain recovery following an ultramarathon race. This information is important to contribute to the limited research on the association between psychosocial factors and recovery from pain in endurance runners. Additionally, this information may provide insight into pain recovery following the Comrades Marathon and reduce time away from running.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychosocial factors (fear avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing and self-efficacy beliefs) and pain recovery in runners following the 2017 Comrades Marathon. The specific objectives of the study were to explore whether the psychosocial factors of pain catastrophizing, fear avoidance beliefs and self-efficacy beliefs: a) predict pain in ultramarathon runners after competing in the Comrades Marathon; and b) affect recovery in runners competing in the Comrades Marathon.
METHODS
This study had a descriptive, longitudinal cohort design. Healthy ultramarathon runners between the ages of 20 and 60 who had qualified for and were intending to compete in the 2017 Comrades Marathon were included in this study. Participants who failed to provide informed consent, reported any signs of illness two weeks prior to the race or any relevant medical or surgical procedure that would prevent participation in the race, were diagnosed with a history of chronic pain or who did not complete the race were excluded. All participants were required to complete a medical and sports history questionnaire and baseline psychosocial questionnaires (Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Questionnaire, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire) two weeks prior to the race at a presentation evening held at participating running clubs. Recovery from pain was recorded by completing a pain logbook (Pain Severity Score of the Brief Pain Inventory) starting the evening of the day on which the Comrades Marathon was run and on each night for nine days following the race, with a total of 10 entries. The questionnaires were validated in previous studies by a panel of experts and were available in both hard copy and electronic format.
RESULTS
The study sample consisted of 77 participants with a mean age of 41 years, 45 (58%) of whom were male and predominantly English speaking (74%). The majority of participants (78%) had completed the Comrades Marathon previously with 13% being novices to the ultramarathon distance. The average finishing time for the study participants in the 2017 Comrades Marathon was 10 hours and 16 minutes. Seventy percent reported that they had previously used pain-relieving medication after a race. The majority of participants(86%) documented a history of injury, with 55% reporting a current injury. Only 6% reported currently using chronic pain-relieving medication. The baseline psychosocial questionnaires revealed that the majority of the participants demonstrated low fear avoidance beliefs (79%), low pain catastrophizing beliefs (88%) and high self-efficacy beliefs (97%). It took five days from the day of the Comrades Marathon for 75% of the runners to score a pain rating of one or lower in the pain logbook and seven days for 75% of the runners to report no pain. There were no correlations between psychosocial factors and pain recovery in this sample of Comrades runners. There was no correlation between finishing times and pain during recovery.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this study showed that in this sample of ultramarathon runners pre-race psychosocial factors had no effect on recovery following the 2017 Comrades Marathon. High self-efficacy scores, previous experience, higher pain tolerance and better coping strategies in ultramarathon runners may be contributing factors to these results. Future research needs to explore endurance runners who do not complete the race, assess the profile of the ultramarathon race and assess different recovery markers
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Fraga, Bernard L. "Race, Party, and the Impact of Electoral Influence on Political Participation." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10788.
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The following study is comprised of three essays, each examining a different manner by which race and party impact political participation. Through the analysis of both intra-party primary and inter-party general elections, I find that candidates are more likely to run, and voters are more likely to turn out, when the social groups they belong to comprise a larger portion of the electorate. While race often serves as the key social identity in determining rates of participation, these effects are contingent on partisan forces governing the broader electoral process.
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Block, Elmer Ray. "Racial cleavages in political interest." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150289870.
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Weir, Sharada. "The determinants of school enrolment in rural Ethiopia : attitudes, returns and resources." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309981.
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Chitiki, Elizabeth. "Participation in the anti-sexual violence silent protest: a sexual citizenship perspective." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62917.
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There is a growing body of research on sexual citizenship that focuses attention on gender and which bridges the gap between public and private life in order to rethink citizenship from a feminist perspective. This is in contrast to understandings of citizenship that promote policies of sexual regulation and a heteronormative ideal of citizenship. My research takes the form of a qualitative case study. Using data from two focus group discussions, fifteen personal diaries, as well as social media posts, I analyse participation in the Silent Protest, an annual anti-rape protest, through the lens of sexual citizenship. I look at how participation in the protest promotes or inhibits inclusive and process-based understandings of sexual violence and sexualities issues. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and the results of the analysis are presented into two parts. The first part of the analysis discusses the politics of affect and witnessing as two processes through which allies’ understandings of sexual violence are shaped. The second part of analysis shows that the Silent Protest contributes to people’s knowledge and understandings of sexual violence in relation to sexualities in a range of ways. Examples of inclusive understandings are: (1) insights about rape in relation to gender and heteronormative inequalities, culture and patriarchal dominance; (2) understanding of critical sexual citizenship in relation to sexual violence; and (3) understanding of politics of recognition (the need for recognition of the importance of safe spaces for formal and informal support for victim-survivors and recognition of victim-survivors’ identities). However, some of the understandings are limited to emotion and affect dynamics. In some ways, therefore, the Silent Protest fails to promote understandings significant to inclusive citizenship, including understandings of entitlements to non-discriminatory sexual health care services and legal services.
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Reed, Amanda I. "The Influence of Athletic Participation on Attitudes toward Sexual Assault." Marietta College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marietta1467218253.
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Brückner, Markus. "Essays in Macroeconomics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7593.
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This thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter examines empirically the relationshipbetween foreign aid and economic growth in the Least Developed Countries. Instrumental
variables techniques are used to estimate the effect that economic growth has on foreign aid
and to adjust for the reverse causal effect that growth has on aid when estimating the effect that
aid has on growth. The second chapter examines the effects that fiscal expansions have on the
unemployment rate. The chapter presents SVAR evidence for ten OECD countries and builds a
DSGE model with a labor force participation choice and workers' heterogeneity to explain the
empirical findings. The third chapter examines the effects that economic growth has on the
support for extreme political platforms. The chapter provides a theoretical model in favor of
growth effects (as opposed to level effects) on the support for extreme political parties, and
investigates empirically the relationship between growth and extremist votes for 16 OECD
countries.
Esta tesis consiste en tres capítulos. El primer capítulo examina empíricamente la relación entre
la ayuda exterior y crecimiento económico en los países menos adelantados. Técnicas de
variables instrumentales se utilizan para estimar el efecto que el crecimiento económico tiene
sobre la ayuda exterior y para ajustar el efecto de causalidad inversa que el crecimiento tiene en
la ayuda al estimar el efecto que la ayuda tiene sobre el crecimiento. El segundo capítulo
analiza los efectos que las expansiones fiscales tienen sobre la tasa de desempleo. El capítulo
presenta pruebas SVAR para diez países de la OCDE y construye un modelo DSGE con una
participación en la fuerza de trabajo y heterogeneidad de los trabajadores para explicar los
resultados empíricos. El tercer capítulo analiza los efectos que el crecimiento económico tiene
en el apoyo a las plataformas políticas extremas. El capítulo ofrece un modelo teórico a favor
de los efectos del crecimiento (en contraposición a los efectos de nivel) con el apoyo de
partidos políticos de extrema, e investiga empíricamente la relación entre el crecimiento de
votos y extremistas para 16 países de la OCDE.
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Youn, Annie Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Participation rates in CF carrier testing; need for information of convenience of testing?" Ottawa, 1996.
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Suthammanont, Christina Marie. "A land of opportunity?: How perceptions of financial prospects affect racial and ethnic groups' political participation." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3793.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation develops and empirically tests a theory of political participation that
posits that the local economic context moderates the effects of individualsÂ
socioeconomic status by influencing their prospective financial outlooks. These
perceptions, in turn, affect individuals likelihood of engaging in various political
activities. I examine the theory using indicators of economic vitality and status both for
the entire population and for racial and ethnic group-specific economic conditions. This
two-pronged approach allows me to assess the extent to which group-specific conditions
are more salient for minority group members than are more traditional contextual (full
population) measures that reflect the economic status of the entire population. Thus,
such questions as whether blacks financial outlooks are influenced more by the
visibility of black-owned businesses or by the total visibility of business activity are
addressed. Hypotheses are tested using the 1992 National Election Study, the 1995
Texas Minority Survey, and economic data collected from the U.S. Census Bureau, 1992
Economic Census. Results indicate that the financial perceptions of blacks and Latinos
are significantly related to levels of political activity while the financial outlooks of
Asians and whites are not significantly related to their political activity.
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Krivickas, Kristy. "Masculinity and Men's Intimate and Fathering Relationships: A Focus on Race and Institutional Participation." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1281896453.
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Lake, Jaboa Shawntaé. "Intraminority Support For and Participation In Race-Based Collective Action Movements: an Intersectional Perspective." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3886.
Full textAbstract:
Due to high profile police shootings, collective action movements addressing racial bias in policing, such as the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, have come to the forefront of societal concern. Though these movements and actions directly address police use of force against Black people, a number of non-Black racial minority individuals and organizations have declared solidarity and joined in protests with BLM. This study takes an intersectional approach to examine racial intraminority attitudes (i.e., racial minorities' attitudes toward other racial minority outgroups) toward support for and participation in protests against police excessive use of force and the BLM movement, through its relationship with modern racist beliefs and racial centrality. Participants completed a survey assessing perspectives on policing, racial protests, and BLM, along with racial identity measures. Results show significant differences in both support for and participation in protests and BLM, with women and Black people reporting higher in both outcomes than men and other racial groups, respectively. Within some racial groups, women show higher overall support for (Latinx, White) and participation in (Black, White) protests and BLM than men in the same racial group, though these differences were not found for other groups. Within each intersecting race and gender group, these effects were mediated by levels of modern racism, highlighting a common factor between all groups and an important point of possible malleability and intervention. Further, the relationship between race and gender identities and modern racism was moderated by racial centrality for some groups (Black and Latina women), though this relationship was again not universally found. By examining within group differences, this study highlights the importance of taking an intersectional approach to understand intraminority attitudes and relations as they pertain to participation in collective action movements towards social change. This study has implications for the generalizability of a number of social psychological theories on minority-minority intergroup race relations (i.e., Black-Latinx), as much of the past literature focuses on majority-minority intergroup relations (i.e., Black-White). Additionally, results from this study may provide useful information for community organizers and social justice activists in promoting intergroup collaboration and coalition building towards more equitable social change that is both more tailored for specific groups and more generalizable across groups.
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Rusin, Demetrit Scott. "Sports Participation and GPA for African-American Male Students." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1211.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Improving the academic success and graduation rates of African-American males has been a major focus of both scholars and practitioners in the United States. Locally, African-American males at an urban Title 1 school were experiencing the lowest grade point averages, American College Test scores, and graduation rates in the district. In response to these academic declines, this study focused on the tenets of Bechtol's sports participation theory, which holds that students who play sports experience greater academic achievement and adult success in life. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between total hours of high school athletics participation and earned GPAs for African-American male students at the school under study for 1 academic year and across each term (4) of the school year. A correlational research design was used to identify if a relationship existed between hours of sports participation and the GPAs of African-American male student-athletes from the 2012 ' 2013 school year (N = 36). The results of the 5 Pearson correlation analyses indicated no statistically significant relationship between the total hours African-American male student-athletes spent participating in sports and their GPAs. The sample size was a limitation of the study design, therefore it was recommended to conduct the investigation with a larger sample size. The results of the study prompted the design of a professional development program for local administrators, faculty, and staff called Championing Higher Achievement Matriculation, Preparation, and Success for Student Athletes (CHAMPS). The CHAMPS program prepares school personnel to more effectively mentor, coach, tutor, and teach African-American male student-athletes. The program can improve the quality of education that can serve as the stimulus for social change through improved educational outcomes for African-American male student athletes.
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Lee, Mei-Hua, and 李美樺. "The Effect of Female Labor Force Participation Rate on Fertility Rate." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ar6rjp.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
經濟學系經濟與財務碩士班
107
This study investigates the relationships between female labor participation rate and fertility rate in 180 countries over the period 1990-2016 using a pooled OLS regression approach. The empirical results show that, on average or in general, there is a significant negative relationship between female labor participation rate and fertility rate, even if the social status is taken into account. Moreover, the negative impact of female labor participation rate on fertility rate exists in non-OECD countries, but not in OECD countries. Our analysis thus implies the governments need to consider economic conditions to incentive the fertility rate.
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Yang, Fu-meu, and 楊富媚. "The Influence of Participation Rate in Cultural Facility." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69724806712254604455.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
建築及都市設計研究所
97
The cultural relevant facilities started to be built according to the culturaldevelopment plan in the twelve giant constructions took place in our country. Followed the Cultural Development Committee of the Executive Yuan’s advance,the construction of facilities were established very fast. Reasonable location with suitable traffic and good service quality will matter the benefit of integral activities of cultural development and efficiency of cultural communication. People can have good service quality and promote their participation will. But now, there is no explicit and definite reference for setting location of the culture and art performance facility. Also the service level of facility is not easy to be improved. These caused people’s interest of participation is low. How to push forward the development of tourism and promote the cultural image become important issues. We need to confront these issues and to discuss the participating rate and local cultural activities development. This research will be based on literature review as major method. In people’s participation rate part, we will collect over year statistical information from each prefecture and city. Meanwhile telephone survey,questionnaire, and professional questionnaire are carried out with quantification statistic analysis. In cultural facility requirement and providing service parts, we will take literature review and comparison analysis with formal information as major methods to do the research. Then we will sort the basic information into groups. After that , we will establish the relations of the participation rate and the location of cultural facility, traffic accessibility, and service level. By using multi-regression to derive equation, we can stablish new relations between these factors. Finally, talking Chia-Yi Municipal Cultural Center as example to municipal the data, then we will infer or estimate participation rate of this facility. These can be used as reference for future development.
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Chang, Yu-Ling, and 張瑜玲. "The Relation Among Women's Labor Force Participation Rate, Fertility Rate and Public Education Expenditure." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32270068784431863677.
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Frost, Jacquelyn Lee. "Rate of student participation in college student ratings of instruction." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27987.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted to develop a statistical model of the influence of
course characteristics on student ratings of instruction. Unique to this study was
the inclusion of the student participation rate as a variable. Other course
characteristics studied were: expected grade, attendance, grade point average,
sex of students, reason for taking the course, academic field, student level,
course level, major, and class size. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was
employed using two measures of global ratings of instruction as criterion
variables: 1) a single item rating the overall "favorable impression" the instructor
had on the students (global), and 2) the average of twelve items rating the
instructor's effectiveness (overall). Course averages or proportions were
calculated for each variable. A model was developed using 1989 Fall Term data
(952 courses), and tested using 1990 Fall Term data (1,052 courses) from
Oregon State University. Results of the regression analysis showed that
approximately 20% of the variance found in the equations could be explained by
five variables: expected grade, participation rate, attendance, sex, and grade
point average. Expected grade was by far the best predictor accounting for 13%
to 14% of the variance (at least r=.36 with criterion variables). Participation rate
accounted for as much as 3% of the variance (roughly r=.2) and contributed
significantly to all four equations. A correlation of -.42 was found for participation
rate and class size. Results suggest participation rate has a relationship with
student ratings of instruction and further study is warranted. Reason and
academic field also explained small significant amounts of the variance in at
least one equation each. The results were determined to be reproducible;
equations generated with the 1990 test data were very similar to the 1989 data.
Very high correlations were found between the global and overall criterion
variables (r> .95); the single item variable produced the same results as the
average of twelve items. A significant correlation of more than .5 was found
between academic field and sex of student. The 80% unexplained variance is
discussed.Graduation date: 1993
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Chen, Pei-Chuan, and 陳珮娟. "A Study on the Participation Rate of Equity Index Annuities." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55w6r5.
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Li, I.-KO, and 李宜珂. "The Effect of Wage Rate on Female Labor Force Participation Rate – Pre and Post Universal Health Insurance." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/km4zjt.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
經濟學研究所(含碩專班)
103
Female labor force participation rate (LFPR) in Taiwan has been increasing due to economic development and changes of social structure for the past several decades. However, the rate of growth is slowed around several years when the Universal Health Insurance (UHI) was implemented in March 1995. Is this phenomenon caused by UHI’s coverage of marginal labor resulting their exiting out of labor force, so that female’s LFPR growth is slowed? This is the purpose of this study. The study uses database from National Statistics of Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C., Interior Statistics of Ministry of Interior, and Taiwan Economic Journal to analyze time series model of female LFPR from 1981 to 2013. Empirical results are briefly summarized. First, Chow Test shows that the implementation of UNI in March 1995 changes the structure of female’s LFPR. Second, 15 years prior to the implementation of UHI, female’s LFPR is backward-bending, while post to the implementation of UHI, female’s LFPR is upward-sloping. This can be explained by the fact that the implementation of UHI reduces female marginal labor’s willingness of being included in the Labor Insurance by accepting wages below their reservation wage. This results in female LFPR being upward-sloping rather than backward-bending in the low wage portion.
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Peng, Meng-Chi, and 彭孟琦. "A Study on the Fair Participation Rate of Equity Index Annuities under a Stochastic Interest Rate Economy." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35t2gt.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
保險所
91
Abstract Most of the equity indexed annuities (EIAs) have the following main features: a guaranteed minimum, a formula for determining and crediting interest in excess of the guaranteed minimum, the linkage of an equity index performance, and all the usual components of a fixed deferred annuity. There exist many different interest-crediting formulas being used. The issue of how to design the fair crediting structure will be examined under the Heath-Jarrow-Morton (1992) stochastic interest rate dynamic. The fairness is, in a sense, consistent with no-arbitrage conditions in the financial markets. In this paper, the fair crediting structure of the simple point-to-point crediting method is determined by using Amin and Jarrow’s (1992) stochastic interest rate option-pricing formula. Employing the closed-form options pricing formula, it can be shown that the parameters of a fair crediting structure must be set to satisfy some equation. The results of scenario analysis show that the increase of forward rate volatility reduces the participation rate. Furthermore, the longer the term of the EIA, the larger the reduction impact.
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ZHENG, SHENG-TA, and 鄭聖達. "The Relations Between Old Age Dependency Rate, Female Labor Force Participation Rate, and Fertility Rate: A Study of Six Municipalities in Taiwan." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v27ej9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士真理大學
經濟學系財經碩士班
106
Abstract： This article according to the opportunity cost concept which the Becker (1960) family discusses mentioned to do for the basis, the research affects the Taiwan fertility rate the primary factor. Because the Taiwan six main metropolis main newborn population approximately composes the Taiwan 70% new life total population also the correlation data is also complete, therefore research scope focusing in six metropolises. First aims at six metropolis fertility rate to carry on the ANOVA analysis, obtains result which is unable to resist, expresses six metropolis fertility rate no discrepancy opposite sexes; But follows closely holds always compared to and the fertility rate correlation analysis in, obtains in Taichung, Tainan, Gaoxiong three all has the remarkable inverse correlation result, in another house price median and the fertility rate correlation analysis, also obtains result of the partial inverse correlation. Finally, this article according to Becker to propose the influence fertility rate opportunity cost the concept, joins the female to work the participation rate, the unemployment rate, holds always compared to, the house price median, each household salary obtained, six metropolis hypothesized variables and the partial cross term does is the explanation variable, carries on the influence fertility rate the integrity regression analysis.