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Piers, Julia E. "Christian teachers in public schools a participant observation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Parker, George Gian. "Participatory research in community development." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51869.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the use of participatory research in community development settings. Participatory research, which is normally referred to by the abbreviation PR, is a relatively new social research methodology that arose out of a general sense of dissatisfaction with the way that traditional research was being conducted in development. Participatory research consists of a large variety of related research methodologies that emphasize participation, social learning and action. Epistemologically it is founded on the metatheories of critical theory and to a lesser extent phenomenology and feminism. It is primarily based on the idea of allowing people to participate as full researchers in their own research process so as to create knowledge about their own social reality with which they can initiate change. By creating their own social knowledge, which they use to address and change their social reality, participants become part of a continuous cycle of analysis - action - reflection. By participating as full co-researchers, participants become part of their own dialogical process of social praxis that allows them to enter into a continuous cycle of social learning, capacity building and conscientisation that gives them an increased sense of empowerment which in turn makes them able to engage in their own selfreliant sustainable development initiatives. Both community development and participatory research are grassroot level development initiatives. They both form part of the people-centered, participatory and social learning process - approaches to development. Both share a commitment to: realizing concrete and abstract goals, a social learning process, participation, empowerment, conscientisation, and sustainability. Both these development initiatives are orientated around operating in small homogenous groups as opposed to working with the whole community. In both participatory research and community development the person from outside the community who is initiating the development is required to fulfil the role of guide, advisor, advocate, enabler, and facilitator. Community development and participatory research share a similar research cycle that consists of the following stages: contact making, formal need identification, planning or analysis, implementation or action, and evaluation or reflection. Both research cycles are also committed to the same objectives namely: creating a community profile and need and problem profile, to draw up strategies to address some of the needs and problems, and to monitor and evaluate the strategies that were implemented. Both community development and participatory research therefore share a number of similarities in their objectives and goals, the most important of which is their shared commitment to development in which participation leads to an increase in social learning, capacity building and conscientisation that in tum results in participants experiencing an increased sense of empowerment which allows them to undertake their own self-reliant, sustainable development initiatives. Consequently this study concludes that participatory research is suitable for and beneficial to the practice of research in community development.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op die gebruik van deelnemende navorsing in gemeenskapsontwikkelling. Deelnemende navorsing, wat alom bekend staan as PR, is 'n relatief nuwe sosiale navorsingsmetodologie wat ontstaan het uit "n algemene gevoel van ongelukkigheid met die beoefening van tradisionele navorsing in ontwikkeling. Deelnemende navorsing bestaan uit "n wye verskeidenheid navorsingsmetodologieë wat klem lê op deelneming, sosiale leer en aksie. Epistemologies is dit gebaseer op die metateorieë van kritiese teorie en tot 'n mindere mate fenomenologie en feminisme. Dit is primêr gebaseer op die idee dat mense volledig moet deelneem as navorsers in hulle eie navorsingsproses sodat hulle, hul eie kennis kan skep van hul eie sosiale realiteit waarmee hulle dan sosiale verandering kan meebring. Deelnemers in hierdie proses word deel van "n aaneenlopende kringloop van ontleding-aksie-refleksie. Deur hulle plek vol te staan as navorsers word deelnemers deel van "n proses van eie dialogiese sosiale praxis wat hulle toelaat om deel te hê aan 'n aaneenlopende siklus van sosiale leer, kapasiteitsbou en psigologiese bewuswording wat hulle "n groter gevoel van selfbemagtiging gee wat hulle dan toelaat om hul eie selfonderhoudende ontwikkelingsinitiatiewe te loods. Beide gemeenskapsontwikkeling en deelnemende navorsing vind plaas op grondvlak. Dit vorm altwee deel van die mensegesentreerde, deelnemende en sosiale leerprosesse van ontwikkeling. Beide is gemik op die realisering van konkrete en abstrakte doelstellings, 'n sosiale leerproses, deelname, selfbemagtiging, psigologiese bewuswording, en selfonderhoud. Beide hierdie benaderings tot ontwikkeling geskied in klein homogene groepsverband. In beide deelnemende navorsing en gemeenskapsontwikkeling is dit 'n persoon van buite die gemeenskap wat die proses inisieer en "n rol speel as voog, adviseer, advokaat, daarstelIer en fasiliteerder. Gemeeskapsontwikkeling en deelnemende navorsing deel "n navorsing siklus wat bestaan uit die volgende stadiums: kontak maak, die identifisering van behoefte, beplanning of ontleding, implementering of aksie, en evaluering of samevatting. Beide hierdie ondersoeksiklusse deel die volgende doelstellings, naamlik: die opstel van 'n gemeenskapsprofiel sowel as "n behoefte en probleem profiel, die optrek van "n strategie!:! om behoeftes en probleme aan te spreek, en laastens om die strategie!:! wat geïmplementeer is te monitor en evalueer. Beide gemeenskapsontwikkeling en deelnemende navorsing deel "n verskeidenheid ooreenkomste in terme van hulle doelstellings, waarvan die mees belangrikste 'n gedeelde toewyding tot ontwikkeling is waarin deelname lei tot "n toename in sosiale leer, kapasitieitsbou en psigologiese bewuswording wat tot gevolg het dat deelnemers "n toenemende sin van hulle eie selfbemagtiging kry wat hulle toelaat om hulle eie selfonderhoudende ontwikkelingsaksies te loods. Hierdie studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat deelnemende navorsing geskik is en bevorderend is vir die proses van navorsing in gemeenskapsontwikkeling.
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Wynn, Winona M. "Community-graced research the ethics of ethnographic crossings /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/w_wynn_1050109.pdf.
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Bouckaert, Mathias. "L'évaluation des performances des universités au regard du développement durable : une perspective internationale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV100/document.
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Dans le cadre de la transition des sociétés vers le développement durable, le rôle des universités est de plus en plus mis en évidence. A cet égard, l’évaluation, en tant qu’outil d’accompagnement des organisations pour l’amélioration de leurs performances, peut s’avérer d’une aide précieuse.Le potentiel d’application de l’évaluation reste toutefois limité. L’université et la durabilité apparaissent comme des objets normatifs dont la définition du contenu est source de nombreuses oppositions. En outre, leur réalité est évolutive et sujette à d’importants degrés d’incertitude et de complexité paradoxale.Le présent travail vise à déterminer les conditions à travers lesquelles l’évaluation peut apporter un avantage, sinon constituer un frein, à l’amélioration des performances des universités en matière de durabilité. Il se présente en deux grandes parties.La première porte sur la construction théorique de la norme d’évaluation des « performances durables de l’université». Elle repose sur l’examen approfondi des spécificités de l’université et de la durabilité ainsi que sur une analyse empirique de plusieurs cas pratiques relevés à l’international.La deuxième partie confronte et consolide les enseignements de la première en se concentrant sur le développement d’une méthodologie opérationnelle d’évaluation. Pour ce faire, un processus participatif multi-parties prenantes a été mis en œuvre et a conduit à la construction d'un dispositif multidimensionnel regroupant plus de 50 indicateurs. Cet outil se veut être une contribution à l’édification de systèmes d’évaluation mis à disposition des acteurs académiques pour l’identification de pistes d’amélioration de leurs performances au regard du développement durableIn the context of the transition of societies towards sustainable development, the role of universities is increasingly highlighted. In this respect, assessment, as a support tool for organizations whishing to improve their performance, can be of great assistance. Opportunities for the application of assessment remains however limited. The university and sustainability are normative objects and their definition is subject to considerable opposition. In addition, their reality is progressive and characterized by high levels of uncertainty and paradoxical complexity.This work aims to determine the conditions under which assessment practices can support, or otherwise hinder, the performances of universities toward sustainability. It comes in two parts.The first part focuses on the theoretical construction of an evaluation norm for the "sustainable performances of universities". It is based on a comprehensive review of the specific features of the university and sustainability, as well as on an analysis of several best practices identified internationally. The second part compares and strengthens those findings by focussing on the design of an operational assessment methodology. This research was conducted through a multi- stakeholder participatory process that led to the building of a multidimensional framework comprising more than 50 indicators. This tool aims to be a contribution to the development of assessment methods for academic actors willing to identify ways of improving their performances with respect to sustainability
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Persiaux, François Christophe. "Le contrôle des projets d'innovation de haute technologie : une contribution à la théorie élaborée à partir de cas observés de façon longitudinale à France Telecom." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHEC0001.
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Faire converger les fonctions d’innovation et de contrôle de gestion repose a priori sur une antinomie, bien que certaines recherches montrent que leurs interactions peuvent être productives. L’innovation de haute technologie est au cœur de cette problématique. L’objet de cette recherche est alors d’étudier de manière empirique les outils et mécanismes pertinents pour piloter la gestion d’un projet d’innovation de haute technologie (PIHT). Cette recherche passe d’abord par l’analyse systématique des modes de contrôle de ces projets. Elle s’appuie ensuite sur une expérience en « observation participante » : cette méthodologie permet d’enrichir l’analyse des modes de contrôle de PIHT par des observations faites dans France Telecom, une entreprise où ces enjeux sont stratégiques. En observant l’avancement de plusieurs projets de façon longitudinale, la recherche débouche sur la proposition de critères de performance pour le contrôle des PIHT, complétant par conséquent les méthodologies des sciences de gestion consacrées à l’innovationAs far as management control and innovation are concerned, some researchers think it is worth studying their convergence. High technology innovation has proved to be at the core of this problem. Our research project aims therefore at conducting an empirical study of the relevant methods for controlling a High Technology Innovation Project (HTIP). This research project begins with a systematic analysis of the various modes of control for these projects. It is also based on a “participant observer” approach: thanks to observations in France Telecom – a company for whom these strategic stakes are important – this method helps enriching the conceptual framework of these modes of control. The observation of various projects in time enables us to eventually propose HTIP control performance criteria, thus broadening the knowledge of innovation
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Jerman, Lambert. "La production des évaluations actuarielles de la juste valeur dans les organisations : Une étude des acteurs, outils et contextes de la préparation des comptes." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090035/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur le travail des comptables à travers la production des évaluations actuarielles de la comptabilité à la juste valeur. L’observation directe de leur activité quotidienne au moyen d’une observation participante, permet d’en saisir les conditions erratiques peu étudiées par les recherches comptables. Les résultats obtenus permettent de proposer une première formalisation conceptuelle des conditions de la préparation des comptes dans les organisations, mêlant acteurs, outils et contextes. En donnant toute leur place aux préparateurs des comptes dans l’étude de la communication financière, nos contributions suggèrent de questionner les représentations dominant la recherche comptable. Nos résultats décrivent comment certaines des qualités communément attribuées (neutralité, fidélité, …) à la comptabilité sont d’une importance discutable et l’assimilation de la communication financière à un conflit d’agence difficileThis thesis reports a study of accountants’ everyday work. Direct observation of their daily work through participant observation allows showing erratic terms understudied by accounting research. Contributions are drawn upon financial accounting and organizing as well. I propose a preliminary conceptual formalization of the preparation of accounts in organizations, combining actors, tools and contexts. By giving enough importance to preparers in the study of financial reporting, our contributions question dominant representations in financial accounting research. Our results describe how some of the qualities commonly attributed to financial statements (neutrality, loyalty ...) are of questionable importance and how reducing financial reporting to an agency conflict is difficult
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Courage, Fiona. "The value of higher education : a temporal analysis from Mass Observation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/76806/.
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Higher education in the UK has experienced unprecedented levels of expansion over the last 50 years. This expansion has been underpinned by political and social discourses that expound its value to the social and economic prosperity of the country and more recently, towards the delivery of social justice and the social mobility of individuals. Higher education institutions are channelling increasing amounts of resource into supporting these discourses, largely around widening participation and fair access agendas. In juxtaposition, changes to funding models, including the cessation of maintenance grants and increasing charges for tuition fees, are placing significant financial burdens on graduating students, calling into question just how achievable these agendas can be. This research seeks to understand if there is a disparity between the social value and benefits that governmental and institutional discourses claim for going to university, and how individuals perceive the value of a contemporary degree. To do so it draws on the narratives of a panel of over 100 volunteer writers submitted as a qualitative survey on their opinions of and interactions with higher education. Drawn from all over the UK, these writers are participants in the Mass Observation Project, an in-depth, qualitative survey of everyday life in Britain established in 1981. The empirical research is embedded within biographical narrative methods, and seeks to create a landscape of perceptions of the social value of a university education and how these are embedded within people's life stories. Using the depth and retrospective opportunities provided in the qualitative narratives of Mass Observation allows this research to provide a more nuanced understanding of both the long-term impacts of higher education on individuals and how perceptions of its social and economic value have changed over the decades. It suggests that the ability to derive the greatest benefit from going to university is embedded within social backgrounds and therefore ensuring equality is far more complex than simply providing an opportunity to access higher education. This thesis also illustrates how the use of longitudinal and qualitative methods of research can provide alternative viewpoints that should be considered when creating policies that will ensure the greatest benefit to providing value and equality within higher education.
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Stafford, Anne. "Trying work : participant observation of a scheme for the young unemployed." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19313.
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Loser, Francis. "L’agir des éducateurs sociaux comme expérience esthétique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20001.
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Les auteurs qui se sont intéressés à la pratique des éducateurs sociaux s’accordent à penser que l’agir de ces derniers procède avant tout d’un engagement quotidien, d’un souci de l’autre porté par des gestes actualisés en situation, pratique dont la mise en intelligibilité fait appel à une logique plurielle. Or, depuis l’introduction de la gestion managériale et de la sémantique des compétences dans le champ de l’éducation sociale, l’activité des éducateurs se trouve placée sous un éclairage réducteur qui s’intéresse aux seuls faits et gestes mesurables. Aussi, afin de rompre avec une pensée positiviste binaire, nous avons opéré un changement de paradigme en optant pour une approche esthétique qui conçoit l’agir humain non pas morcelé, mais envisagé comme une globalité. Une telle approche coïncide particulièrement bien avec l’activité des éducateurs qui se singularise par un entremêlement des dimensions corporelle, affective et réflexive. Cette hypothèse, nous l’avons mise à l’épreuve grâce à une enquête de terrain menée au travers d’une observation participante dans deux structures éducatives de la région genevoise. Nos analyses reposent sur les contributions de chercheurs, majoritairement situés dans le courant esthétique et pragmatiste, qui se sont intéressés aux théories de l’action. Nos observations ont dans une large mesure permis de crédibiliser notre hypothèse, nous permettant, d’une part, d’identifier quelques axes majeurs qui contribuent à la construction d’une épistémologie de l’agir des éducateurs et, d’autre part, d’ouvrir quelques perspectives pour la formation des praticiensWriters who are interested in the practices of special educators agree that their work proceeds above all else as a daily commitment to their concern for others undertaken as context adaptive moves. Making sense of this practice calls for multiple sources of logic. However, since the introduction of management skills and the semantics of those competences in the field of special education, the work of educators has been reduced to a singular focus on measurable acts. Therefore, in order to move away from this positivist binary thinking, we undertook a paradigm shift that opted for an aesthetic approach, one that views human action as whole rather than fragmented. This approach meshes particularly well with educators whose activities are distinguished by their intermingling of physical, emotional and reflective dimensions. We tested this hypothesis through a field survey conducted while engaged in participant observation in two educational facilities in the Geneva area. Our analysis rests on the contributions of researchers interested in the aesthetic and pragmatic dimensions of theories of action. Our observations have in large measure helped to give credibility to our hypothesis. We can, on the one hand, identify some major areas that contribute to the construction of an epistemology of educators’ actions, and, on the other hand, present some possibilities for training practitioners
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De, Wet C. J. "No longer in their proper place : anthropology in search of its subject-matter : inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University." Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020686.
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Klocker, Natascha Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "A participatory, action-oriented and youth-led investigation into child domestic work in Iringa, Tanzania." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40975.
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This thesis has two distinct yet interrelated parts. In the first instance, it investigates child domestic work in Iringa ? a small town in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Second, it examines the participatory action research methodology that was adopted as part of that investigation. Data were collected by a team of researchers that included children and young people who had themselves been domestic workers. A questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with local leaders, employers of child domestic workers and (both current and former) child domestic workers themselves. An agenda for change - that aimed towards the redistribution of power within domestic working arrangements - was developed on the basis of those data and presented to local government authorities in Iringa. This research makes a number of contributions to understandings of both child domestic work and participatory action research methodologies. First, the thesis contends that child domestic work is a complex activity which (despite its frequently exploitative and abusive character) should not be identified as a purely harmful force in the lives of young employees. The multiplicity of ways in which that occupation is experienced can only be uncovered through the incorporation of a range of stakeholders? perspectives. Second, this research found that notions of ?family? were discursively linked to child domestic working arrangements in Iringa. This has inhibited recognition of child domestic work as ?real work?, and contributed to the exploitation of these young employees. This thesis contends that increased formalisation and regulation of child domestic work would offer an opportunity to reconstruct child domestic workers as ?employees? and thereby improve their circumstances. This research has also challenged prevalent notions of children?s incompetence and shown that young people with minimal formal education can (and should) participate as co-researchers in academic endeavours investigating their lives. However, it has also found that young people?s competencies and interests vary, and that notions of appropriate participatory processes have often failed to take such diversity into account. This thesis contends that more participatory forms of evaluation may allow greater flexibility (and relevance) to be fostered when assessing the ?success? of participatory processes. Academics need to be alert to the alienating effects that (unwittingly) ?judgemental? and (unrealistically) ?perfect? accounts of participatory and action-oriented research processes can have on young scholars.
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Rapoport, Robert S. "The iterative frame : algorithmic video editing, participant observation & the black box." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8339bcb5-79f2-44d1-b78d-7bd28aa1956e.
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Machine learning is increasingly involved in both our production and consumption of video. One symptom of this is the appearance of automated video editing applications. As this technology spreads rapidly to consumers, the need for substantive research about its social impact grows. To this end, this project maintains a focus on video editing as a microcosm of larger shifts in cultural objects co-authored by artificial intelligence. The window in which this research occurred (2010-2015) saw machine learning move increasingly into the public eye, and with it ethical concerns. What follows is, on the most abstract level, a discussion of why these ethical concerns are particularly urgent in the realm of the moving image. Algorithmic editing consists of software instructions to automate the creation of timelines of moving images. The criteria that this software uses to query a database is variable. Algorithmic authorship already exists in other media, but I will argue that the moving image is a separate case insofar as the raw material of text and music software can develop on its own. The performance of a trained actor can still not be generated by software. Thus, my focus is on the relationship between live embodied performance, and the subsequent algorithmic editing of that footage. This is a process that can employ other software like computer vision (to analyze the content of video) and predictive analytics (to guess what kind of automated film to make for a given user). How is performance altered when it has to communicate to human and non-human alike? The ritual of the iterative frame gives literal form to something that throughout human history has been a projection: the omniscient participant observer, more commonly known as the Divine. We experience black boxed software (AI's, specifically neural networks, which are intrinsically opaque) as functionally omniscient and tacitly allow it to edit more and more of life (e.g. filtering articles, playlists and even potential spouses). As long as it remains disembodied, we will continue to project the Divine on to the black box, causing cultural anxiety. In other words, predictive analytics alienate us from the source code of our cultural texts. The iterative frame then is a space in which these forces can be inscribed on the body, and hence narrated. The algorithmic editing of content is already taken for granted. The editing of moving images, in contrast, still requires a human hand. We need to understand the social power of moving image editing before it is delegated to automation. Practice Section: This project is practice-led, meaning that the portfolio of work was produced as it was being theorized. To underscore this, the portfolio comes at the end of the document. Video editors use artificial intelligence (AI) in a number of different applications, from deciding the sequencing of timelines to using facial and language detection to find actors in archives. This changes traditional production workflows on a number of levels. How can the single decision cut a between two frames of video speak to the larger epistemological shifts brought on by predictive analytics and Big Data (upon which they rely)? When predictive analytics begin modeling the world of moving images, how will our own understanding of the world change? In the practice-based section of this thesis, I explore how these shifts will change the way in which actors might approach performance. What does a gesture mean to AI and how will the editor decontextualize it? The set of a video shoot that will employ an element of AI in editing represents a move towards ritualization of production, summarized in the term the 'iterative frame'. The portfolio contains eight works that treat the set was taken as a microcosm of larger shifts in the production of culture. There is, I argue, metaphorical significance in the changing understanding of terms like 'continuity' and 'sync' on the AI-watched set. Theory Section In the theoretical section, the approach is broadly comparative. I contextualize the current dynamic by looking at previous shifts in technology that changed the relationship between production and post-production, notably the lightweight recording technology of the 1960s. This section also draws on debates in ethnographic filmmaking about the matching of film and ritual. In this body of literature, there is a focus on how participant observation can be formalized in film. Triangulating between event, participant observer and edit grammar in ethnographic filmmaking provides a useful analogy in understanding how AI as film editor might function in relation to contemporary production. Rituals occur in a frame that is dependent on a spatially/temporally separate observer. This dynamic also exists on sets bound for post-production involving AI, The convergence of film grammar and ritual grammar occurred in the 1960s under the banner of cinéma vérité in which the relationship between participant observer/ethnographer and the subject became most transparent. In Rouch and Morin's Chronicle of a Summer (1961), reflexivity became ritualized in the form of on-screen feedback sessions. The edit became transparent-the black box of cinema disappeared. Today as artificial intelligence enters the film production process this relationship begins to reverse-feedback, while it exists, becomes less transparent. The weight of the feedback ritual gets gradually shifted from presence and production to montage and post-production. Put differently, in cinéma vérité, the participant observer was most present in the frame. As participant observation gradually becomes shared with code it becomes more difficult to give it an embodied representation and thus its presence is felt more in the edit of the film. The relationship between the ritual actor and the participant observer (the algorithm) is completely mediated by the edit, a reassertion of the black box, where once it had been transparent. The crucible for looking at the relationship between algorithmic editing, participant observation and the black box is the subject in trance. In ritual trance the individual is subsumed by collective codes. Long before the advent of automated editing trance was an epistemological problem posed to film editing. In the iterative frame, for the first time, film grammar can echo ritual grammar and indeed become continuous with it. This occurs through removing the act of cutting from the causal world, and projecting this logic of post-production onto performance. Why does this occur? Ritual and specifically ritual trance is the moment when a culture gives embodied form to what it could not otherwise articulate. The trance of predictive analytics-the AI that increasingly choreographs our relationship to information-is the ineffable that finds form in the iterative frame. In the iterative frame a gesture never exists in a single instance, but in a potential state. The performers in this frame begin to understand themselves in terms of how automated indexing processes reconfigure their performance. To the extent that gestures are complicit with this mode of databasing they can be seen as votive toward the algorithmic. The practice section focuses on the poetics of this position. Chapter One focuses on cinéma vérité as a moment in which the relationship between production and post-production shifted as a function of more agile recording technology, allowing the participant observer to enter the frame. This shift becomes a lens to look at changes that AI might bring. Chapter Two treats the work of Pierre Huyghe as a 'liminal phase' in which a new relationship between production and post-production is explored. Finally, Chapter Three looks at a film in which actors perform with awareness that footage will be processed by an algorithmic edit.The conclusion looks at the implications this way of relating to AI-especially commercial AI-through embodied performance could foster a more critical relationship to the proliferating black-boxed modes of production.
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England, Edmund. ""Jag skulle aldrig klara av och vara typ statsminister" : Visar elever som spelar Democracy 3 några tecken på lärande?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-126810.
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Kohlmeyer, Collin. "Women in Wrestling Arenas: How Globalization, Socially Produced Spaces, and Commodification Impact their Portrayal and Empowerment Post Women's Revolution." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703284/.
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The Women's Revolution in 2015 has led to a drastic shift in the ways women are portrayed in professional wrestling. The Women's Revolution came as a result of the social unrest over the lack of time women were receiving on the televised shows. Where women's storylines had centered on their sexuality, they are now presented as equal to their male counterparts after the Women's Revolution. Through an exploration of concepts in globalization, commodification, and socially produced spaces, this research seeks to understand and contextualize the Women's Revolution, the degree to which the portrayed women's equality has been achieved, and the resulting impacts of the female superstars overall. I argue that that this "equality" has been achieved through inscribing the traditionally masculine qualities of wrestling to women, has resulted in an unequal distribution of opportunities to particular female superstars rather than equality for all women on the shows, and that phallocentric objectification of the female superstars still occurs in certain aspects of professional wrestling.
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Elder, Anne E. "Breathing life into the wooden model : a participant observation study of technical change." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27978.
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This thesis reports the results of fifteen months of participant observation study of a major technological research and development project. The project, in the area of advanced factory automation, was part of the British government's Alvey Programme. The findings bear upon two main bodies of theoretical literature. The first is Marxist literature on technology, the state and the labour process. Participant observation study of this project reveals technological change to be a much more chaotic process than this literature assumes. The process, for example, is not guided by clear capitalist interests. The other body of literature is the 'actor-network' approach of Callon, Latour and Law. In common with them, it is found that technological change is not merely a technical process - it is 'heterogeneous engineering' of both 'technical' and the 'social' simultaneously. However, the actor network theorists overstate the possibilities for this 'heterogeneous engineering'. It is neither as thoroughgoing or as successful as these writers might be read as asserting. A further conclusion is that the significance of gender for participant observation studies of science and technology has been underestimated. In particular, the gender of the researcher appears to have an important bearing on the research process.
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Nielsen, Oskar. ""Vi är gröna-vita, vi är Färjestad!" : En durkheimiansk analys av Färjestad BK:s klubbmärke och klubbfärger som identitets- och gemenskapsskapande symboler." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-47783.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the symbolic use in sports and thus discuss the limits of what can be seen as religion and what can be said to be sacred and profane in our time. Data were collected through participant observation during and in connection with the ice hockey games in Löfbergs Arena in Karlstad. Collected data is then analyzed based on Émile Durkheim's theory of the elementary forms of religion. The results indicate that the club badge and club colours of Färjestad BK can be interpreted as totems both before, during and after a ice hockey game. The symbols appear in a number of different contexts, and in some more exposed than others. They share largely the function of the totems in the Australian and North American tribes that Durkheim studied because it bind together and create identification between the fans of Färjestad. Färjestad's symbols are those that to some extent create and maintain sacred and profane, maintain the group and at the same time separates it from others.Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka symbolanvändning inom sport och därigenom diskutera gränserna för vad som kan ses som religion och vad som kan sägas vara heligt och profant i samtiden. Data har samlats in via deltagande observationer under och i anslutning till ishockeymatcher i Löfbergs Arena i Karlstad. Insamlad data har sedan analyserats utifrån Émile Durkheims teori om religionens elementära former. Studiens resultat pekar på att Färjestad BK:s klubbmärke och klubbfärger kan tolkas som totems både inför, under och efter en ishockeymatch. Symbolerna uppträder i en rad skilda sammanhang och är i vissa mer exponerade än i andra. De delar till stor del funktion med de totems Durkheim studerade hos australiensiska och nordamerikanska stammar, i den meningen att de binder ihop och skapar identifikation Färjestadfansen emellan. Färjestads symboler är de vilka i viss utsträckning skapar och upprätthåller heligt och profant, upprätthåller gruppen och samtidigt avgränsar den från andra.
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Chong, Wai-kei Simon, and 莊偉基. "The police cautioning diversion scheme: participant observation of post-caution visits in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222432.
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Chong, Wai-kei Simon. "The police cautioning diversion scheme : participant observation of post-caution visits in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21979546.
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Callo, Virgie N. "Towards community development : exploring possibilities with the rural poor in the Philippines through participatory systemic action research /." View thesis View thesis, 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030514.120553/index.html.
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Thesis (Phd. Systems Agriculture) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1997."PhD thesis, Systems Agriculture ; the School of Agriculture and Rural Development, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury."--T.p.
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Angel, Julie Margaret. "Ciné Parkour : a cinematic and theoretical contribution to the understanding of the practice of parkour." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6119.
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Through a meeting of practice and theory this thesis shifts the locus of attention from the spectacle to the everyday practice of parkour. Using documentary filmmaking with anthropological intentions and extended access over a six year period, this thesis explores the subjective everyday lived performances and essence of parkour, as experienced by a select group of experienced practitioners, as well as those who were involved in parkour’s creation and development. Parkour is a multidimensional phenomenon that can be experienced as an art, training discipline, sport, set of values, and practice of freedom, depending on an individual’s motivations, cultural understanding and exposure to the history of the practice. The research establishes that parkour is an imaginative and particular way of thinking; remapping the landscape with ‘parkour vision’. Parkour transforms how one experiences, moves, connects and participates in the environment, challenging notions of normative behaviour, socialisation, identity and self-determining actions through explorations of, as well as expressions of the self. The results of which are a means to find a more authentic deeper inner sense of self, producing feelings of inclusion and an enhanced sense of freedom through the creation of an autonomous social body. Parkour encourages self-reliance and mutual co-operation whilst enabling participants to reclaim the wonderment and magic of the human experience, valuing confrontations of fear, pleasure and pain in transcending the real and imagined boundaries of one’s own limitations, play and freedom of expression. This thesis explores themes such as shared cinema, collaborative filmmaking, participant observation and issues of representation. Parkour is discussed theoretically from the perspectives of Eichberg’s work on body cultures, Foucauldian relations of power and technologies of the self, alongside Merleau Ponty’s phenomenology, Csikszentmihalyi’s optimal flow experience, Wellmann’s insights into networked individualism and Charles Taylor’s work on the search for an authentic self and the complexities of a modern identity. This thesis contributes to the growing field of research into body cultures and the continually evolving culture of parkour.
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Dima, Fani. "The nature of social enterprise in Greece : the effect of the social enterprise trend on non-profits in Greece in a shrinking economy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-nature-of-social-enterprise-in-greecethe-effect-of-the-social-enterprise-trend-on-nonprofits-in-greece-in-a-shrinkingeconomy(2adb3891-bfde-40d3-8f24-5991920187c5).html.
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This thesis explores the notion of social enterprise in Greece. In particular it investigates how non-profits incorporate social enterprise in an environment facing a severe financial and social crisis. The study is done through a participatory and reflective research approach that allows the emergence of enriched results. The review of the existing literature in this area revealed that despite the lack of a universal definition, the concept of social enterprise has generally been viewed positively and has raised the expectations for social and economic transformation. Policy makers expect social enterprises to become a lever out of the crisis of reducing state funding and contribute to financial and social change. Until recently, the common assumption was that social enterprises emerge bottom-up and constitute the most ethical option of social welfare services provision after the failure of the state and the markets to provide for society. Hence, non-profits were encouraged to adopt entrepreneurial techniques to support their social purpose as a way out of the financial problems they are facing. The great interest on the effect of 'social enterprise' on the traditional non-profit sector comes from the peculiarity of the Greek case with the top-down enforcement of the concept coupled with a history of corruption in civil society. Even though researchers following a more critical stance towards social enterprises challenge the underlying assumptions of this new concept and raise awareness about its negative impacts, in Greece the 'social economy' and 'social enterprise' concepts are used as 'silver bullets' by policy makers. Wishing to follow this critical tradition, I proceeded with an in-depth case study drawing upon participant observation and reflective methods. In locating my research in an active non-profit organisation in Athens, I intended that my findings could be extended to similar organisations. This thesis found that in Greece, the top-down implementation of the concept allowed non-profits to incidentally adopt this rhetoric in order to ensure their long-term survival and then in turn influence the way society makes sense of social enterprises. The institutional environment further hinders the growth of the sector as it directs the social enterprises and non-profits towards public procurement making and any other alternative seems impossible. Lastly, based on the above findings, I conclude that social economy despite its infancy faces the risk of corruption. Hence, I suggest that policy makers' support, rather than guide, social enterprises to allow them to achieve their full potential. Future research and practice need to focus on raising awareness for the social economy and assessing social impact as a way to improve transparency and gain the trust of society.
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Mackenzie, Gaye. "Sandpit dilemmas: challenges of researching young children." Thesis, Mackenzie, Gaye (2005) Sandpit dilemmas: challenges of researching young children. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/175/.
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In the past twenty years there has been a movement against the tradition of positivist, scientific research that treats children as the 'object' of research. This movement has been led by the sociology of childhood literature but also has supporters in disciplines such as developmental psychology and early childhood studies. Research within this new paradigm often seeks to gain the perspectives and lived experiences of children, giving them a voice through naturalistic methodologies such as ethnography and informal interviews. However, giving children a 'voice' has not been purely an academic endeavour. Supported by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990) which stipulates that States should assure that children have the right to express their views in all matters affecting them, there is a push at all levels of government for children to be given a chance to express their views on issues that concern them. In Australia and overseas, the consulting of children on issues that concern them has become more commonplace. Thus in both research and policy development, methodologies which enable adults to get closer to the world of the child and to hear their views are being explored.
This thesis explores some of the issues involved in this form of qualitative research with children. It does so through combining theoretical exposition and systematic reflection with the author's own empirical research which sought to gain an understanding of young children's views of 'difference' through an ethnographic methodology.
Part One provides the theoretical base for the thesis, by exploring how 'the child' and childhood have been conceptualised within western thought. Drawing on the sociology of childhood, it also probes a number of the implications of this tradition and examines how it has shaped research on children both in terms of the methods that have been employed and the topics that have been of interest.
Both chapters in Part Two focus on the empirical component of the study. The first is an extended methodology chapter which explores not only the method employed and the research setting but also some of the challenges that the author faced in the field and a discussion of issues such as ethics and the status of the researcher. Using logs of the children?s activities and the author's field journal, the next chapter explores how the initial research question altered and the issues that came to the fore during the research.
Part Three reconsiders a number of the theoretical issues raised in Part One in light of the fieldwork discussed in Part Two. It asks how certain ethnographic studies, claiming affiliation with the sociology of childhood, nevertheless ended up with depictions of children not far from the positivistic studies their authors had critiqued. It argues that this can be explained by the persistence of a 'problem centred' adultcentric frame which privileges understanding of a particular issue (e.g. the development of racism in children) over the actual experiences of individual children. Given the renewed interest in consulting children this proposition has practical as well as theoretical significance as it reveals how easy it is for slippage to occur and the importance of preventing it.
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Mackenzie, Gaye. "Sandpit dilemmas : challenges of researching young children /." Mackenzie, Gaye (2005) Sandpit dilemmas: challenges of researching young children. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/175/.
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In the past twenty years there has been a movement against the tradition of positivist, scientific research that treats children as the 'object' of research. This movement has been led by the sociology of childhood literature but also has supporters in disciplines such as developmental psychology and early childhood studies. Research within this new paradigm often seeks to gain the perspectives and lived experiences of children, giving them a voice through naturalistic methodologies such as ethnography and informal interviews. However, giving children a 'voice' has not been purely an academic endeavour. Supported by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990) which stipulates that States should assure that children have the right to express their views in all matters affecting them, there is a push at all levels of government for children to be given a chance to express their views on issues that concern them. In Australia and overseas, the consulting of children on issues that concern them has become more commonplace. Thus in both research and policy development, methodologies which enable adults to get closer to the world of the child and to hear their views are being explored.
This thesis explores some of the issues involved in this form of qualitative research with children. It does so through combining theoretical exposition and systematic reflection with the author's own empirical research which sought to gain an understanding of young children's views of 'difference' through an ethnographic methodology.
Part One provides the theoretical base for the thesis, by exploring how 'the child' and childhood have been conceptualised within western thought. Drawing on the sociology of childhood, it also probes a number of the implications of this tradition and examines how it has shaped research on children both in terms of the methods that have been employed and the topics that have been of interest.
Both chapters in Part Two focus on the empirical component of the study. The first is an extended methodology chapter which explores not only the method employed and the research setting but also some of the challenges that the author faced in the field and a discussion of issues such as ethics and the status of the researcher. Using logs of the children?s activities and the author's field journal, the next chapter explores how the initial research question altered and the issues that came to the fore during the research.
Part Three reconsiders a number of the theoretical issues raised in Part One in light of the fieldwork discussed in Part Two. It asks how certain ethnographic studies, claiming affiliation with the sociology of childhood, nevertheless ended up with depictions of children not far from the positivistic studies their authors had critiqued. It argues that this can be explained by the persistence of a 'problem centred' adultcentric frame which privileges understanding of a particular issue (e.g. the development of racism in children) over the actual experiences of individual children. Given the renewed interest in consulting children this proposition has practical as well as theoretical significance as it reveals how easy it is for slippage to occur and the importance of preventing it.
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Moura, Jorge Baptista de Sousa. "Etnografia da sala de espera: o caso particular do serviço de radiologia do Hospital de São José." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15744.
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A sala de espera de um hospital é normalmente um local onde se manifestam sentimentos e se observam comportamentos. Nesse sentido, pode mesmo falar-se de um universo muito particular em que as pessoas, normalmente fragilizadas pela doença, evidenciam comportamentos e discursos variados a que podemos chamar e que aqui se investiga de “Etnografia da Sala Espera”. Pretende-se com este estudo caracterizar os discursos, as opiniões e os comportamentos dos utentes que utilizam esse local especializado, sendo reflexo inevitável da sua vivência com os «outros»› e manifestação de Luna identidade social própria, utilizando-se para o efeito a técnica de investigação etnográfica em Ciências Sociais. Este estudo vai incidir sobre um grupo heterogéneo de utentes, todos consumidores de meios complementares de diagnóstico e terapêutica (exames radiológicos), enquanto aguardam a sua vez, na sala de espera do Serviço Central de Radiologia do Hospital de São José. Tem-se presente a relativa frequência com que se manifestam sentimentos e comportamentos em alguns utentes, explicáveis, por factores como a ansiedade, o medo do desconhecido, o resultado do diagnóstico, bem como a demora na execução do exame. A forma como todos esses discursos se manifestam e evidenciam, são também alvo preferencial deste estudo que tem ainda como objectivo específico caracterizar o ambiente físico e apresentar propostas no sentido da melhoria das condições no atendimento. A metodologia utilizada, assenta na técnica etnográfica da observação participante que decorre durante um período prolongado de permanência no terreno, em que o instrumento principal de recolha de dados é a observação do investigador, através da utilização de um diário de campo e meios de registo. ***/ Abstract - A hospital’s waiting room is usually a place where feelings are revealed and behaviors can be observed. That is why one can speak of a peculiar universe where people, by and large affected by disease, show different behaviors and manifestations, which we will call and study as the “Ethnography of the Waiting Room”. The purpose of this study is to portray the speeches, opinions and behaviors of the people using that particular place, as the inevitable reflex of their relation with “others” and the manifestation of their own social identity, by using the ethnographic research method of Social Sciences. This study will focus on a mixed group of users, all of them consumers of auxiliary means of diagnosis and therapeutic (radiological exams), as they wait for their turn in the waiting room of the Radiology Central Service at the S. José Hospital. We are aware of how often some patients show feelings and behaviors that can be explained, one assumes, as the result of anxiety, fear of the unknown, and the result of the diagnosis, as well as the delay in performing the exam. The way all these manifestations occur is also a primary subject of the study, its specific goal being to depict the physical environment and to submit proposals that can improve the existing conditions. The methodology used is based on the ethnographic technique of participant observation that goes on for a long period on the field, in which the main tool for collecting data is the researcher's own observation, by the use of a field diary and recording means.
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Burström, Lena, Bengt Starrin, Marie-Louise Engström, and Hans Thulesius. "Waiting management at the emergency department - a grounded theory study." Uppsala universitet, Centrum för klinisk forskning, Västerås, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200118.
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Background: An emergency department (ED) should offer timely care for acutely ill or injured persons that require the attention of specialized nurses and physicians. This study was aimed at exploring what is actually going on at an ED. Methods: Qualitative data was collected 2009 to 2011 at one Swedish ED (ED1) with 53.000 yearly visits serving a population of 251.000. Constant comparative analysis according to classic grounded theory was applied to both focus group interviews with ED1 staff, participant observation data, and literature data. Quantitative data from ED1 and two other Swedish EDs were later analyzed and compared with the qualitative data. Results: The main driver of the ED staff in this study was to reduce non-acceptable waiting. Signs of non-acceptable waiting are physical densification, contact seeking, and the emergence of critical situations. The staff reacts with frustration, shame, and eventually resignation when they cannot reduce non-acceptable waiting. Waiting management resolves the problems and is done either by reducing actual waiting time by increasing throughput of patient flow through structure pushing and shuffling around patients, or by changing the experience of waiting by calming patients and feinting maneuvers to cover up. Conclusion: To manage non-acceptable waiting is a driving force behind much of the staff behavior at an ED. Waiting management is done either by increasing throughput of patient flow or by changing the waiting experience.
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Keith, Margaret Mary. "Analysis of a worker-based participatory action research approach to the identification of selected occupational health and safety problems in Canada using mapping." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2645.
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There are limitations to conventional occupational health and safety research approaches and practices and numerous barriers to overcome in order to achieve progress. Occupational health and safety is impacted by the broader social-political environment. Corporatism affects the directions, ideas and practice of regulators, educators, the labour movement, scientists, medical professionals, and society as a whole, thus inhibiting workers' power to influence change. The thesis therefore explores both the wider influences and barriers to occupational health and safety advances, focusing particularly on the Canadian situation, through the general research questions: What has influenced occupational health and safety policies and practices, especially in Canada? What are some of the limitations of conventional occupational health and safety research and practices? To what extent can participatory action research and mapping address identified limitations? These questions are explored from the perspective of the population potentially at risk. New theories and approaches to occupational health and safety research are then applied in this thesis in order to explore a more specific multi-part research question: Can mapping within worker-based participatory action research be used to explore occupational health and safety conditions? In particular, can mapping contribute to occupational health and safety improvements at a local level and beyond; establish workers' previous exposures for compensation purposes; support efforts to bring about justice through compensation for workers affected by unsafe working conditions; and raise worker and public awareness of health and safety? These questions are explored through two different case studies, which examine, in depth, occupational health and safety action and possible remedies. Casino gaming workers in Windsor, Ontario, Canada undertook a collaborative study to investigate and improve current health and safety conditions. Former Holmes foundry and asbestos insulation workers in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada undertook a collaborative study to provide evidence of exposures and ensuing health problems to support claims for compensation. The outcomes of the case studies shed light on the bigger Canadian health and safety picture and demonstrate that mapping as a data collection method used within a participatory action research approach can accomplish a broad range of objectives. Mapping can raise workers' awareness, facilitate communication, build solidarity and cohesiveness, foster community support, mobilise workers to take action to reduce hazards or win compensation, in turn influencing employers, the compensation board and government agencies. The case studies accomplished the shared objective of raising worker and public awareness. The casino workers also gained occupational health and safety improvements and the Holmes workers were successful in gaining compensation.
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Sanchez, Bain W. Andres (Walter Andres) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. "Allegories about health and sacrifice in traditions of the Zoque- Popoluca." Ottawa, 1999.
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Min, Emmy Jungwon. "Authority, gender and language a qualitative study of a college-preparatory, English-medium high school in South Korea /." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3357003.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 265-274) Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
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Cockcroft, Thomas William. "An investigation into the culture(s) of the Metropolitan Police force between the 1930s and the 1960s." Thesis, Brunel University, 2001. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4853.
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The majority of published work in the area of police occupational culture follows the methodological template of Skolnick (1994) which utilises both participant observation and the interview. The way in which this approach has been used has proved problematic for a number of reasons. First, it has promoted a view that police occupational culture is static and unchanging. Second, it has failed to acknowledge that officers have a choice whether or not to engage in certain behaviours. Third, it has promoted a view that police officers display essentially negative behaviours. The aim of the present research was to investigate, by means of techniques drawn from oral history, the culture or cultures of police officers within the Metropolitan Police Force in London between the 1930s and the 1960s. Firstly, there was a desire to find out to what extent accepted correlates of police occupational culture applied to police work in the period prior to the 1960s when it was first investigated. Secondly, if there did appear to be differences between the findings of the present research and those of authors charting post-1960s police culture, ideas would be forwarded in an attempt to explain such variations. Examples of factors which could account for such variations might include changes in the relationship between the police and the public, changes in police practice or changes in legislation. Through 26 interviews with retired officers, it was found that the intensity of Skolnick's key factors for the emergence of police occupational culture (danger, authority and the need to appear efficient) appeared to be greatly influenced by wider societal factors manifested in the state of police/public relations. Similarly, the present research found great variations within the officers' apparent adherence to key parts of the police 'working personality' as proposed by Skolnick. In short, the great variation in police behaviours exhibited in the present research could be attributed to the fact that wider social factors served to affect the intensity of Skolnick's three key factors.
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Bowyer, Sarah Elizabeth. "Participatory mapping as an approach for health services co-planning : finding the local voice in the rural context." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238533.
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A key factor to the Scottish Governments' public policy and public service reconfiguration is collaborative working between service providers and service users in a framework of co-production. A second key factor in this reform is a place-based approach. Despite this rhetoric of co-production of health services having been used for some time in health policy, and considering the numerous interpretations of the meaning of both co–production and 'place' in the academic and professional literature, how rural dwellers experience rurality in terms of places and space, and how this may in turn affect health and interactions with co-production, remains underrepresented in health policy planning. In light of changes in health service provision, rural health care poses itself as a potentially emotive and sometimes volatile topic. A co-productive approach may encourage understanding, acceptance and better usage of health services and neighbourhood resources, by the residents registered as patients with local medical practices. This doctoral research study considered the use of participatory mapping techniques to generate, gather and capture the local voice of residents from two rural Scottish communities, regarding the self-perception of their health in relation to the place they call home. Through a participatory action research approach, using iterative co-design, residents were asked how their environment impacted on their health, and in particular their cardiovascular health. Qualitative data were collected through participatory mapping techniques and co- analysed using a thematic analysis process. The application of the concept of therapeutic landscapes revealed the importance of the 'sense of place' and its impact on health, along with the physical, social and cultural environmental aspects traditionally considered in public health disciplines. Results were digitised using geographic information systems (GIS) to illustrate the interactions between place, people and health, through a relational lens. This research demonstrates a working example of how, drawing from the discipline of health geography, a place based approach can make an important contribution to rural health service co- planning within a co-production framework.
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Vernazobres, Philippe. "Approche contextualiste des pratiques de coaching prescrit dans les grandes entreprises en france. vers de nouveaux modes de regulation sociale en gestion des ressources humaines ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST3017.
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L’objectif de cette recherche doctorale est de contextualiser et d’analyser les raisons de l’intégration du coaching prescrit aux politiques de GRH de grandes entreprises en France dans les années 2000, en lien avec ses apports au management et à l’organisation. Sur cette base, la thèse que nous défendons consiste à montrer que, par son processus et sa finalité axés sur les relations interpersonnelles et les interactions sociales, le coaching peut être considéré commeun dispositif qui contribue à la régulation sociale en entreprise. Cette recherche, de nature qualitative, est structurée autour du cadre méthodologique contextualiste d’A. Pettigrew, dans lequel nous avons "enchâssé" la théorie de la régulation conjointe de J.D. Reynaud, afin d’analyser en quoi le coaching prescrit constitue une pratique RH vecteur de régulation sociale. Une première phase exploratoire de recherche a consisté à objectiver les pratiques de coaching, au-delà des discours des coachs véhiculés dans leur littérature, à travers une étude menée auprès des sociétés du CAC 40. A l’issue de cette première approche du terrain, nous avons mené quatre études de cas, dans de grandes entreprises en France, dans une perspective ethnographique et en situation d’observation participante complète. Elles ont consisté àtravailler sur sept missions de coaching au total, qui sont représentatives des différentes formes de coaching pratiquées aujourd’hui en entreprise. A l’issue de cette immersion, nous avons pu mettre en évidence la contribution du coaching àla mise en place d’espaces de régulation autonome et sa contribution à la régulation conjointe, par sa dimension médiatrice. Au-delà, nous avons mis en évidence les impacts spécifiques et innovants de ces régulations sur le management et la gestion des RH, ainsi que sur l’organisationThe aim of this doctoral research is to contextualize and analyze the reasons for the integration of prescribed coaching practices to HRM policies of major companies in France in the 2000’s, in connection with its contributions to the management processes and organization. On this basis, the thesis that we defend is that, trough its processes and its focus on interpersonal relationships and social interactions, coaching can be considered as a practise that contribute to social regulation within corporate organizations. This qualitative research is structured around the methodological framework of contextualist research of A. Pettigrew, in which we have "embedded" the theory of social regulation of J.D.Reynaud, to analyze how prescribed coaching is an HR practice, vector of social regulation. A first exploratory phase of research was carried out, through a survey in CAC 40 companies, to highlight the real practices of coaching, beyond the coaches’ rhetoric carried in their literature. At the end of this first approach, we have conducted four case studies in majorcompanies in France, in an ethnographic approach and in a situation of full participant observation. We have been working on seven coaching missions as an all, which represent the different forms of coaching practiced today in big companies.At the end of this immersion, we highlighted the contribution of coaching to the establishment of autonomous areas of regulation and its contribution to the "Joint Regulation", through a process of mediation. In addition, we identified the specific and innovative impacts of these regulations on HR management and the organization
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Parsley, Martie L. "Information needs, uses and information technologies in the living context of chronic illness : a participant observation study /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487951907958365.
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Erdner, Anette. "Berättelser om ensamhetens vardag hos människor med psykiska funktionshinder." Doctoral thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-559.
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This dissertation deals with people with mental illness that currently live in their own accommodation in the community. Common to all mentally ill people is their serious difficulties in carrying out activities and meeting needs in important areas of life. Terms such as "normalisation" and "integration" into the community of this group were important words full of promise at the time the psychiatric reform was carried out. However, there is some strong evidence that the psychiatric reform has not been completely successful. Despite the knowledge that loneliness and social isolation commonly occur among people with mental illness, there is little research that describes how mentally ill people themselves experience their life situation. The overall aim of the dissertation was to gain deeper understanding of the life situation of peop with mental illness via their own narratives on how their day-to-day life appears to them, ar through this gain knowledge of the type of support needed for them to live a satisfactory life. Various data acquisition methods were applied. Study I involved in-depth interview of two men and two women on their daily life. Data acquisition in Study II was via participant observations, an activity unit for people with mental illness. Photographs were used for Studies III and IV Eight informants were issued with disposable cameras and asked to take approximately 10 pictures of objects, situations and/or individuals. These photographs were then used as a basis for follow-up interviews. Results from Study I showed that informants were aware both of their illness and their psychosocial disadvantages, and that they had insight into what was required of them to influence their situation, while simultaneously having insight into their poor ability to tak initiatives. Informants in Study II experienced themselves as unwelcome, vulnerable and marginalised individuals with little hope of a change in existence, resulting in anxiety over the future. They felt trust was lacking in relation to other people and experienced themselves as not accepted in the company of others or by society. Study III provided description of informants occupied with themselves and their existence. The informants tell of a form of spirituality giving them a sense of peace and tranquillity, but which only exists for them at the beginning and end ol life. Animals are more loyal than people and make no demands, but are however, according to the informants, in a position of dependence on humans. Possessions are of significance to the informants, meaning they see their possessions as part of themselves. In Study IV informants related how they would like their future to appear. They also told what having an identity meant to them, how identity is formed in individuals, what having a mental illness and feeling good means. The informants showed a longing to be seen, but at the same time not wanting to be seen. Finding a meaning with life was important since it could end at any moment. In summary, the findings point to an existential loneliness that consists of a life pattern consisting of an interaction between the impact of the mental illness and the identity as a mentally ill person feelings of marginalisation and abandonment. Experiencing that life has a meaning, possibility o social exchange and a sense of control seem to be important for the persons with mental illness in this study. Consequently, it can be inferred that if the care of people with mental illness pays attention to the dimensions of existential loneliness persons with mental illness may be helped to experience that life has a meaning despite their disability.
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Yeld, Nan. "A participant observation study of the feasibility of enhancing student-teacher supervision procedures using Flanders' Interaction Analysis Categories." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16404.
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Includes bibliographies.The dissertation concerns the procedure of teacher supervision as presently conducted at the University of Cape Town's School of Education, and suggests ways in which this can be improved. It is argued that teacher education should be situated in the paradigm of Action Research, and within that, in the approach known as Participant Observation. The language of the classroom is chosen as the means whereby classroom practices can be investigated. A detailed account is provided of a full sequence of clinical supervision, and use is made of complete lesson and subsequent interview transcriptions in this account. The methodological techniques of participant observation, interviews, 'triangulation' procedures and fieldnotes to supplement the analysis of transcripts and interviews, are used. In addition, three different ways of analysing classroom language are described, viz . discourse analysis, insightful observation and coding schemes, and their appropriacy for teacher supervision purposes assessed. Finally, teacher conclusions are drawn regarding an effective model for supervision. It is suggested that FIAC (Flanders' Interaction Analysis Categories) be used in combination with lesson transcriptions, and stress is laid on the need for teacher trainees and trainers to observe at all times the criteria for participant observation. Suggestions are put forward concerning possible implementation of recommendations made, and the need for future research in this area is emphasised.
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Mullett, Margaret. "Conducting a randomised experiment in eight English prisons : a participant observation study of testing the Sycamore Tree Programme." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275047.
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This dissertation is a participant observer’s account of implementing a multisite, randomised controlled trial within Her Majesty’s Prison Service. It adds to a scarce literature detailing the steps involved in implementing experiments in custodial settings by providing a candid account of the route from planning to successful implementation. The randomised controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Sycamore Tree Programme. This programme’s goal is to teach prisoners the wider harm of crime and includes a face-to-face meeting between a victim of crime and the participating offenders. It derives its rehabilitative potential from restorative justice and seeks to foster hope that change is possible for offenders, thus aiding them to desist from crime. Its development and theoretical basis are described for the first time. In an in-depth narrative the dissertation details how at every stage strategies were developed to manage participant procurement, random assignment, maintaining treatment integrity, and preparing for final outcome measurements. The randomised controlled trial was designed to produce an individual experiment in eight prisons. These will be combined in a meta-analysis as well as analysed as a pooled sample. Overall the implementation process took close to two years and involved a charitable body, Her Majesty’s Prison Service, the National Offender Management Service, and two police forces. This work has demonstrated how the unstable nature of English prison populations and the risk-averse climate must be addressed when conducting experiments in that environment. It has also illustrated the gap between the rhetoric of evidence-based policy and the facilitation of research designed to seek that evidence. Nevertheless, developing trusting relationships and combining rapidly learnt skills with inherent abilities ensured that the evaluation methodology was supported and protected through the various challenges it met. Finally, the dissertation suggests conditions for closer collaboration between government executive bodies and researchers that might increase the number of experiments undertaken in prisons. It also aims to encourage researchers that prison experiments, although not easy, are feasible, defendable, and, above all, worthwhile.
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Shepherdson, Denese. "Student violence and school practice : experiences of a lower secondary male student using the methodology of participant observation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1997. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/905.
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School experiences are said to be a preparation for life. The experience of violence perpetrated against a male student over a period of years has resulted in wide reaching implications for him, his family, the perpetrators, his peer group and school staff. This case study examines the experiences of a provocative victim and his bullies.
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Gäfvert, Liss Telly. "En Plats på nätet : Deltagande Observation i den virtuella miljön Ragnarök Online." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kulturvetenskaper, KVA, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-82341.
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Ragnarök Online en plats på nätet, ett online-spel, där människor från hela världen möts och samverkar. Det är i detta möte personer emellan som den virtuella miljön Ragnarök Online skapas. Målet med denna uppsats är att visa på hur människor interagerar i, och skapar denna plats på nätet. Varför spenderar folk tid i virtuella miljöer? Är det annorlunda att agera i en virtuell miljö? Dessa är några av de frågor vi kommer att möta i texten. Detta kommer vi att göra tillsammans med invånarna i Ragnarök Online, med dem kommer vi att slåss, jaga och göra hattar. Tillsammans kommer vi att utforska den virtuella miljön av Ragnarök Online.Ragnarök Online a place on the net, an online game, where people from all over the world meet and interact. In this meeting the virtual environment of Ragnarök Online is created. Because it’s in the meeting between people this virtual place is founded. The goal of this essay is to show how people interact in, and create this place on the net. Why do people spend time in virtual environments? Is it any different to act in a virtual environment? These are some of the questions we will meet in the text. This we will do together whit the inhabitants of this place, we will fight, hunt and make hats – together we will explore the virtual environment of Ragnarök Online.
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Rasmusson, Malin. "Teaching Number Sense to Kindergarteners." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-34824.
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Då jag tidigare besökt förskoleklasser i USA har jag förvånats över hur mycket tid som ägnats åt laborativ matematik. När nationella läroplanen i matematik i USA, Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, omarbetades blev fokus inom matematik att arbeta för att stärka elevers taluppfattning. Lockad av tidigare erfarenheter från det amerikanska skolsystemet beslutade jag mig därför för göra en deltagande observation med löpande protokoll för att se hur man arbetar med taluppfattning i en förskoleklass i Texas. Under observationen fokuserade jag på att se samband mellan undervisningen, läroplaner och teorier inom matematikundervisning. Resultatet av min undersökning visar att nittio minuter varje dag ägnades åt laborativa matematikaktiviteter anpassade för att hjälpa eleverna att uppnå läroplanens mål. Därtill fanns en tydlig anknytning till teorier inom matematikundervisning.Arbetet är skrivet på engelska. Detta för att termer, dialoger etc. inte ska översättas inkorrekt och för att skolan som observationen skedde på ska kunna ta del av resultatet.As I earlier visited Kindergarten classes in the United States, I was surprised to see how much time that was set aside for mathematical activities in a hands-on fashion. In the reform of the United States Principle and Standards for School Mathematics, number sense was an essential outcome. Hence, the purpose of my study was to investigate, using participant observation with running records as a method, how number sense is taught in a Kindergarten class in Texas. During my observation, I especially looked at the educations connection to the guidelines and mathematics education theories. The result of my investigation shows that ninety minutes every day was set aside for mathematical activities in hands-on fashion, adapted to meet the guideline requirements and goals. In addition, the teaching observed in the class was closely associated with the mathematics educational theories.
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Nicholls, Ruth M. "Ethics of trust and resistance participation in indigenous research /." View abstract, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/46639.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2009.A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Social Justice and Social Change Research Centre, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
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Brown, Hugh. "It’s not me, it’s you : a participant observation case study of the self-publishing musician in the 21st century." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/47034/1/Hugh_Brown_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis explores the business environment for self-publishing musicians at the end of the 20th century and the start of the 21st century from theoretical and empirical standpoints. The exploration begins by asking three research questions: what are the factors affecting the sustainability of an Independent music business; how many of those factors can be directly influenced by an Independent musician in the day-to-day operations of their musical enterprise; and how can those factors be best manipulated to maximise the benefit generated from digital music assets? It answers these questions by considering the nature of value in the music business in light of theories of political economy, then quantitative and qualitative examinations of the nature of participation in the music business, and then auto-ethnographic approaches to the application of two technologically enabled tools available to Independent musicians. By analyzing the results of five different examinations of the topic it answers each research question with reference to four sets of recurring issues that affect the operations of a 21st century music business: the musicians’ personal characteristics, their ability to address their business’s informational needs; their ability to manage the relationships upon which their business depends; and their ability to resolve the remaining technological problems that confront them. It discusses ways in which Independent self-publishing musicians can and cannot deal with these four issues on a day-to-day basis and highlights aspects for which technological solutions do not exist as well as ways in which technology is not as effective as has been claimed. It then presents a self-critique and proposes some directions for further study before concluding by suggesting some common features of 21st century Independent music businesses.
This thesis makes three contributions to knowledge. First, it provides a new understanding of the sources of musical value, shows how this explains changes in the music industries over the past 30 years, and provides a framework for predicting future developments in those industries. Second, it shows how the technological discontinuity that has occurred around the start of the 21st century has and has not affected the production and distribution of digital cultural artefacts and thus the attitudes, approaches, and business prospects of Independent musicians. Third, it argues for new understandings of two methods by which self-publishing musicians can grow a business using production methods that are only beginning to be more broadly understood: home studio recording and fan-sourced production. Developed from the perspective of working musicians themselves, this thesis identifies four sets of issues that determine the probable success of musicians’ efforts to adopt new technologies to capture the value of the musicians’ creativity and thereby foster growth that will sustain an Independent music business in the 21st century.
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Dahlström, Peter. "Så häftigt! Det sitter en kvinna bakom ratten. : En studie om kvinnligt tillträde till det mansdominerade lastbilsföraryrket." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-101624.
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Syftet med studien var att få en insikt i vad det är som gör att kvinnor söker sig till yrket last-bilsförare, och hur de ser på yrket. För att närma mig syftet har jag under arbetets gång använt mig av deltagande observationer, fokusgruppintervjuer och enkäter som skickats ut till kvinn-liga lastbilsförare. Dessa tre olika sätt att få information på användes för att ge en övergripande bild på kvinnornas syn på yrket, och vägen in i yrket. Sammanlagt har jag varit i kontakt med 35 lastbilsförare, 18 kvinnor och 17 män. Som teoretisk referensram använde jag mig av teorier baserade på genus och könsmärkningsprocess från framför allt Hirdman, Westberg – Wohl-gemuth. Detta har hjälpt mig att skapa en förståelse kring de utmaningar och problem som kvinnorna inom lastbilsföraryrket kan ställas inför. Studien visade att majoriteten av de kvinnor som deltog i studien hade anhöriga eller vänner och bekanta som kör lastbil. Det är på detta sätt som de har närmat sig yrket och fått en förståelse för yrket när de var yngre. Lastbilsföraryrket är ett yrke de trivs med och de vill inte byta yrke. Känslan av frihet och att de i viss mån kan planera sin dag själva, ingen dag är den andra lik är saker som lyfts fram som positiva. I undersökningen framkom det även att de ser yrket som tungt och slitsamt, men att allting går att lösa. Stress från yttre faktorer som de inte själva rår över nämns som mindre positiva inslag i yrket.The purpose of the study was to get an insight into what it is that makes women seek out the profession of truck driving, and how they view upon the profession. I have during the work used participant observation, focus group interviews and questionnaires sent out to the female truck drivers. These three ways to get information was used to give an overall picture of women's views on the profession, and the way into the profession. Altogether, I have been in contact with 35 truck drivers, 18 women and 17 men. As a theoretical framework, I have used the theories based on gender and gender marking process from primarily Hirdman, Westberg - Wohlgemuth. This has helped me to create an understanding of the challenges and problems that women in the truck driving industry may be facing. The study showed that the majority of women in the study have relatives or friends and ac-quaintances that drive a truck. It is in this way that they have approached the profession and gained an understanding of the profession when they were younger. Truck driving profession is a profession they enjoy and they do not want to change profession. The feeling of freedom and to a certain extent, the possibility to be able to plan their day themselves, is highlighted as posi-tive things about their work. The study showed that even though they see their profession as heavy and tiring, everything can be solved. Stresses from external factors that are beyond their control are mentioned as less positive aspects of the profession.
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Idoughi, Sahra. "La gestion du processus rédactionnel et les représentations de l’écrit en français langue seconde : le cas d’étudiants non francophones en formation diplômante à l’université Paris 8." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080084.
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Cette thèse est une recherche didactique qui traite de la problématique de l’enseignement/apprentissage de l’écrit chez les étudiants non francophones inscrits en formation diplômante à l’université Paris 8. L’étude est partie du constat des difficultés que rencontrent ces derniers à l’écrit et de la nécessité de la maîtrise de cette compétence pour la réussite des parcours universitaires entamés. L’écrit y est défini comme un processus complexe lié au sujet écrivant, à son rapport à l’écrit et à ses représentations. C’est une recherche qualitative qui s’appuie sur trois types de données : productions écrites relevées à différents moments du processus rédactionnel guidé ; entretiens réalisés avec quatre étudiants sur les représentations développées sur l’écrit et enfin des données issues d’une enquête par questionnaire auto-administré réalisée auprès de cinquante étudiants non francophones inscrits à l’université Parsi 8. Les résultats de l’analyse du processus rédactionnel indiquent une conception linéaire et non itérative du processus de planification. De même qu’ils pointent des difficultés dans le maintien de l’intention communicative du sujet écrivant pendant la rédaction. Enfin, ils montrent une concentration sur les normes linguistiques au détriment du contenu sémantique. L’analyse des données discursives issues des entretiens a révélé des conceptions et des malentendus concernant l’écrit et sa pratique. Des résultats que l’enquête a renforcés. Celle-ci pointe la focalisation des étudiants sur les normes linguistiques dans l’interprétation de leurs difficultés. Elle montre aussi une conception restreinte des fonctions de l’écrit considéré comme simple outils de communication et de transcription d’idées et non comme un médiateur cognitif favorisant des opérations intellectuelles complexes. Des fonctions pourtant fortement mobilisées dans l’écrit universitaireThis thesis is a didactic research that deals with the problem of teaching / learning writing for non French-speaking students enrolled in a degree program at Paris 8 University (repetitions) . The study is based on the observation of the difficulties encountered by these students in writing and the need to master this skill for the success of the academic paths already set. Writing is defined as a complex process related to the writing subject, its relation to writing and its representations. It is a qualitative research based on three types of data: written productions taken at different times in the guided writing process; interviews with four students on representations developed in writings and finally data from self-administered survey questionnaires of fifty non-French-speaking students enrolled at Paris 8 University. The results of the analysis of the writing process indicate a linear and non-iterative understanding –writing or conception of the planning process. Just as they point to difficulties in maintaining the communicative intention of the writing subject during writing. Finally, they show a concentration on linguistic norms to the detriment of semantic content or meaning. The analysis of the discursive data from the interviews revealed some writing issues and misunderstandings related to writing and its practice. These are the results that the investigation has strengthened. This highlights the students' focus on linguistic norms in interpreting their difficulties. It also shows a restricted conception of the functions of writing that are considered as simple tools of communication and transcription of ideas and not as a true cognitive mediator favoring complex intellectual operations. Duties yet strongly mobilized in the academic writing
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Tribout, Silvère. "Les concepteurs en agence d’architecture, d’urbanisme et de paysage à l’épreuve du développement durable." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100114/document.
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Cette thèse interroge la manière dont le développement durable est saisi par les concepteurs en agence d’architecture, d’urbanisme et de paysage. Elle analyse ce que les tentatives d’appropriation disent du fonctionnement de telles organisations, de leur place dans le processus de projet, et de la diversité des valeurs qui peuvent s’y développer. Basé sur l’observation in situ d’une agence parisienne d’une vingtaine de personnes entre 2010 et 2013, notre travail définit trois axes de recherche autour : des approches, contenus et statuts accordés au développement durable par les concepteurs ; des systèmes de valeurs portés par les concepteurs et leur évolution à l’épreuve du développement durable ; des compétences et du rôle des concepteurs dans la fabrique urbaine au prisme du développement durable. La démonstration met en lumière la diversité des approches et statuts accordés à celui-ci. Les compétences apparaissent comme un enjeu d’appropriation cognitive et opérationnelle, mais aussi de concurrence interprofessionnelle. En outre, les concepteurs s’appuient sur des systèmes de normes et de valeurs répondant aux logiques parfois contradictoires des mondes marchand, industriel, civique, de l’opinion, et de l’inspiration (Boltanski, Thévenot, 1991). Les tentatives d’appropriation du développement durable renforcent plus qu’elles ne transforment les tensions entre ces logiques. Cette thèse vise à enrichir la connaissance des mécanismes d’appropriation du développement durable par les acteurs de l’aménagement et de l’urbanisme. Elle participe à la compréhension des modes de fonctionnement d’un acteur particulier : le concepteur appréhendé dans le collectif de l’agenceThis thesis examines the ways in which designers in architecture, urbanism and landscaping agencies take sustainable development into account in their professional practices. It looks at what their attempts to appropriate sustainable development reveal about the operations of such organizations, the place of the latter in the project process, and the diverse positions and values that can develop as a result. Based on the in situ observation of a Parisian agency of about twenty designers between 2010 and 2013, our work has led to the definition of three axes of research : the approaches, contents and statuses that the designers attribute to sustainable development ; the designers’ value systems and how these evolve when they are faced with sustainable development ; the designers’ skills and roles in creating sustainable cities. The findings highlight that there is diversity in the designers’ approaches and priorities with regard to sustainable development. Skills appear to play a role in cognitive and operational appropriation, but also in the competition between professions. Furthermore, designers base their practices on norms and values that stem from the sometimes conflicting logics of the market, industrial, civic, fame and inspired worlds (Boltanski, Thévenot, 1991). The designers’ attempts to appropriate sustainable development reinforce rather than transform the tensions between these logics. This thesis aims to increase the knowledge about the mechanisms at play when urban design stakeholders adopt sustainable development. It contributes to a better understanding of the modes of operation of designers, observed in the environment of their agency
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Fiolet, Mathieu. "La fabrique des faits-divers : le travail des journalistes faits-diversiers dans la presse quotidienne locale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100106.
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L’objet de cette thèse est de comprendre comment travaille au jour le jour une catégorie spécifique de journalistes : ceux qui produisent la rubrique des faits-divers dans les journaux de presse quotidienne locale. Autant les articles de cette rubrique sont très lus, autant les lecteurs de quotidiens, les étudiants en journalisme et souvent même les collègues de ceux qui les écrivent ignorent tout ou presque de cette branche de la production du journal. Cette thèse envisage les articles de la rubrique comme des produits sortis d’une usine et se donne la mission de décrire la machine qui les fabrique. Elle s’intéresse à ses rouages que sont les différents acteurs du système, en les listant et en montrant comment ces différentes "pièces" s’associent et fonctionnent ensemble. Elle s’intéresse aux réglages de la machine, à ses ajustements, et aussi à ses dysfonctionnements. Elle s’intéresse aux différents modes de fonctionnement, qui ne sont pas les mêmes d’un journal à l’autre, ainsi qu’aux effets de ces modes de fonctionnement sur les produits qui sortent de l’usine : les articles de faits divers. L’enquête s’est déroulée par observation participante. L’auteur a occupé à plein temps, pendant un total de vingt mois, différents postes de journaliste dans les rédactions de trois quotidiens de presse locale, situés dans trois départements différents. Le travail d’investigation a été complété par une campagne d’entretiens, menée auprès d’une vingtaine d’autres journalistes employés dans treize autres quotidiens français, ainsi que par un dépouillement systématique du contenu de la rubrique dans un des quotidiens étudiés. Le principal apport théorique de cette thèse consiste en la description analytique d’un modèle spécifique de relations d’échanges entre les journalistes et les professionnels des institutions de police, de justice et de secours. Un modèle éventuellement susceptible de s’appliquer à d’autres relations de travail dans d’autres univers professionnelsThe goal of this thesis is to understand how works a specific category of journalists from day to day: those who produce the “fait-divers” section in daily local newspapers. Even if articles of this section are very popular, newspapers readers, journalism students and even those journalist’s co-workers are ignorant of the functioning of this section. This thesis presents the “fait-divers” articles as products coming out of a factory and has the purpose to describe the machine that manufactures them. It takes an interest in its inner workings that are the different actors in the system, by listing them and by showing how these different “pieces” combine and work together. It focuses on the adjustments but also the dysfunctions of the machine. It takes an interest in the different ways of functioning, which aren’t the same from one newspaper to the other, and in the effects these ways of functioning can cause on those products coming out of a factory: the “fait-divers” articles. The investigation was conducted by participant observation. The author worked full-time during twenty months at different positions as a journalist in three different daily local newspapers located in three different districts. A series of interviews of about twenty journalists working in thirteen other French daily local newspapers was conducted, along with a systematic counting of the content of the “fait-divers” section of one of the studied newspaper, to complete this investigative work. The main theoretical contribution of this thesis involves an analytical description of a specific model of exchange relationships between journalists and state institutions such as police, judiciary, and emergency services. A model that is likely to apply to other work relationships in different professional backgrounds
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Jannborg, Elsa. "In Search of a Room of Their Own." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169489.
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This diploma thesis in architecture is a book composed of a combination of embedded anthropological documentation and creative fiction, written with help from Virginia Woolf and Marcel Proust. It is a story built up, fragment by fragment, that describesregular visits to the Girls Night events at a Youth Centre in Fittja, in Northern Botkyrka, south of Stockholm, where the author went to meet and spend time with a group of local girls on Thursday evenings in the Spring of 2015. Ungdomens Hus is a Youth Centre in Fittja for locals between the ages of 15 to 22. Many boys come and play games here, including pool, ping-pong, video games, the Turkish game Okey, boxing, they also watch TV and generally hang out. The ability for girls to occupy this room, on the other hand, tends to be reduced to three hours a week, when the room becomes a space for the girls alone: A room of their own. On Thursday evenings Rädda Barnen and the municipality Botkyrka arrange the Girls Nights in the Youth Centre in Fittja. This forum is open for all girls between the ages of 15 to 20 years old who live in Northern Botkyrka. The Girls Nights exists to make it possible for young women to make their presence visible, and for them to be able to take space at the Youth Centre, developing their courage to take place in other public spaces and in the context of contemporary society more generally.Detta examensarbete i arkitektur är en bok som fått sin form från en kombination av antropologisk dokumentation och fiktion, skriven med hjälp från Virginia Woolf och Marcel Proust. Historien byggs upp fragmentariskt och beskriver regelbundna besök på Tjejforum på en ungdomsgård i Fittja, Norra Botkyrka, Stockholm, där författaren mötte och spenderade tid med en grupp tjejer på torsdagskvällar under våren 2015. Ungdomens Hus är en ungdomsgård i Fittja för ungdomar (15-22 år) i området Norra Botkyrka. Många killar går dit. De spelar biljard, pingis, tevespel, okey, boxas, tittar på teve och umgås rent allmänt. Möjligheten för tjejer att ta plats i detta rum, å andra sidan, tenderar att reduceras till tre timmar per vecka då Ungdomens Hus förvandlas till ett rum för bara tjejer: deras eget rum. På torsdagskvällar anordnar Rädda Barnen tillsammans med Botkyrka kommun Tjejforum på Ungdomens Hus i Fittja. Verksamheten är öppen för alla tjejer (15-20 år) i Norra Botkyrka. Tjejforum finns för att unga kvinnor i Norra Botkyrka ska få synas och ta plats på Ungdomens Hus, i andra offentliga rum och i hela vårt samhälle.
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Westman, Erika (Erica F. ). Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Food security, the global food system and local resistance; a case study of the community garden network of Ottawa." Ottawa, 2000.
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Hjort, Simon. "Kritiskt tänkande i klassrummet : En studie av didaktiska val och manifesterat kritiskt tänkande i samhällskunskaps- och filosofiundervisning." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Pedagogik och didaktik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-112594.
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Developing students’ ability to think critically is an important goal of Swedish upper secondary school education. The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse critical thinking at the classroom level from a didactic perspective. Using participant observation and interviews, two groups of students and their two course teachers are being studied during two months. The groups study philosophy and social studies respectively. The thesis explores in what way critical thinking is manifested in the classroom and how the teachers view critical thinking in relation to their teaching. Didactic decisions and challenges are identified and discussed. The findings show that critical thinking is manifested in the classroom dialogue. Focus, relevance and precision are distinctive qualities of critical discussions. The teachers use different strategies to scaffold critical thinking, such as developing what the students say, questioning assumptions and supporting with distinctions. Some of the challenges facing the teachers are finding ways of assisting students to be independent in their thinking, disputing what they say without being perceived as biased and creating the right atmosphere in the group allowing for critical thinking to take place. It’s concluded that critical thinking at the classroom level is a highly complex phenomenon that involves more than just thinking skills which is the dominant view among researchers in the field.
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Delamatta, Annie. "Participant observation of an inerdisciplinary educational innovation project on the Saint Lawrence River in a Grade 11 class in Quebec City." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66577.
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Les principes fondateurs sur lesquels les systèmes éducatifs occidentaux reposent font l’objet de nombreux débats depuis des décennies. Des études ont montré d'importantes lacunes qu'il faut résoudre (Giroux, 1988 ; Koehler et Kim, 2012 ; Shields, 2003). Il est donc primordial d’envisager des avenues structurantes qui pourraient y pallier. Afin de contribuer à cette réflexion, ce mémoire, qui se situe dans le champ de l’administration scolaire, a pour but de réfléchir sur les pratiques éducatives innovantes afin de mieux comprendre ce qui fait appui ou obstacle à l’innovation pédagogique en milieu scolaire. La démarche méthodologique retenue s’inspire de l’ethnographie, à partir de l’observation participante d’une étude de cas unique dans le cadre du projet international d’Éducation Interculturelle à l’Environnement et au Développement Durable (EIEDD): Rapports aux savoirs scientifiques, aux territoires et engagement écocitoyen de jeunes de la fin du secondaire en France et au Québec de Barbara Bader et Jean-Marc Lange (2017-2020, FRQSCANR). Les données sont recueillies à l’aide d’enregistrements audio, de notes de journal de bord et de différents documents relatifs aux réflexions des élèves. La présente recherche porte plus particulièrement sur la démarche menée à Québec auprès de 19 jeunes de 5e secondaire en collaboration avec deux enseignantes. Le principal apport de cette recherche est de décrire les éléments ressortis au cours de la mise en œuvre de la démarche ainsi que les réflexions qui accompagnent ce processus d’innovation pédagogique, et ce en portant une attention particulière au leadership de la direction d’école et à son rôle transformatif. Par ses observations des activités pédagogiques, et le contraste entre les entretiens des jeunes et ceux des enseignantes, cette recherche contribue à la réflexion sur les pratiques pédagogiques innovantes et émancipatrices, ainsi qu’à l’élaboration des pistes qui paraissent les plus prometteuses pour soutenir la mise en place de ce type d’innovation pédagogique.The founding principles on which western education systems hinge have been the subject of much debate for decades. Studies have shown important shortcomings in the system that remain to bead dressed (Giroux, 1988; Koehler et Kim, 2012; Shields, 2003). It is therefore essential to consider structuring avenues that could alleviate them. In order to contribute to this reflection, this thesis,set within the field of educational administration, ponders innovative educational practices in order to better understand what prevents or supports pedagogical innovation in schools. To that end, the methodology is based in a participant observation of a case study with an ethnographic approach as part of the international project Intercultural Education for Environment and SustainableDevelopment (IEESD): Young people’s rapport to scientific knowledge, territories and their ecocitizen commitment at the end of secondary school in France and Quebec led by Barbara Baderand Jean-Marc Lange (2017-2020, FRQSC-ANR). Data are collected via audio-recordings, a journal with field notes and different documents relating to students’ reflections. This research particularly focuses on the implementation process in Quebec City, with 19 high school students in Grade 11 and in collaboration with two female teachers. The main contribution of this research is to describe the emerging elements that support and hinder educational innovation as well as the reflections that accompany its implementation, with an emphasis on the school administration leadership and its transformative role. Through its observations of educational activities, and descriptions of the contrast between the student and teacher interview content, this research contributes to the reflection on innovative and emancipatory educational practices, as well as to the development of avenues that seem most promising to support the implementation of this type of educational innovation.
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Hollingsworth, John (John William) Carleton University Dissertation Political Economy. "'Hard times' in the 'New times'; the institutional contradictions of an emergent local workfare state (Ontario works in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada)." Ottawa, 2000.
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Barton, Georgina. "The influence of culture on instrumental music teaching: A Participant-Observation case study of Karnatic and Queensland Instrumental music teachers in context." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15859/1/Georgina_Barton_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis aimed to investigate the unique relationship that exists between music and
culture. More specifically, the purpose of the research was to determine to what extent culture is reflected in music teaching and learning. Understanding the effect that culture has on music knowledge transmission processes will assist in developing a framework for current music education practices to address the cultural diversity that is present in contemporary teaching and learning environments. An exploration of how music teachers teach, and how the cultural and social surrounds influence
these practices in various contexts provided important information in developing such a framework.
As such, a participant observation case study of ten music teachers who taught either the South Indian music tradition known as Karnatic music in Tamil Nadu, India, or Queensland, Australia, or who taught predominantly Western music in the
Queensland instrumental music context, was carried out. Through a comparative study of these teachers it was observed that there were more similarities than differences in the methods of teaching used by the teachers. Both aural/oral and written modes of communication were used in each context albeit at varying levels. It was also discovered that the surrounding cultural rules and rituals, that were
practised, significantly influenced the meaning attributed to the music teaching process for each of the teachers.
In the main, for teachers of Karnatic music a strong spiritual attachment to both the gods and goddesses associated with the Hindu religion and the teachers' own teacher/guru was evident. Conversely, in the Queensland instrumental music
teaching context, powerful economic forces affected the approach that these teachers
implemented. It is argued that with an awareness of these findings, music teaching and learning practices may more effectively meet the needs of students (a concern consistently raised in the literature) in the contemporary music education context.