Journal articles on the topic 'Partial-report task'
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Lunau, Rasmus, and Thomas Habekost. "Effects of task-irrelevant grouping on visual selection in partial report." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 79, no. 5 (March 31, 2017): 1323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-017-1315-8.
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Dixon, Peter. "Stimulus Duration May Affect Partial Report Performance." Perception 14, no. 1 (February 1985): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p140063.
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Townsend, and Di Lollo and Moscovitch investigated the retention of item information in nearly identical variations of the partial report task. Whereas Townsend found a slight decrement in performance as the interval increased, Di Lollo and Moscovitch found a substantial increment. An experimental study of procedural differences that may have led to this discrepancy is reported. The results suggest that stimulus duration may have been responsible: Di Lollo and Moscovitch used extremely short durations (2 ms), while Townsend used longer durations (50 ms). This difference in durations may be important when the stimulus array and the partial report probe occur in close temporal contiguity.
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Foerster, Rebecca M., and Werner X. Schneider. "Task-Irrelevant Features in Visual Working Memory Influence Covert Attention: Evidence from a Partial Report Task." Vision 3, no. 3 (August 27, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision3030042.
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Selecting a target based on a representation in visual working memory (VWM) affords biasing covert attention towards objects with memory-matching features. Recently, we showed that even task-irrelevant features of a VWM template bias attention. Specifically, when participants had to saccade to a cued shape, distractors sharing the cue’s search-irrelevant color captured the eyes. While a saccade always aims at one target location, multiple locations can be attended covertly. Here, we investigated whether covert attention is captured similarly as the eyes. In our partial report task, each trial started with a shape-defined search cue, followed by a fixation cross. Next, two colored shapes, each including a letter, appeared left and right from fixation, followed by masks. The letter inside that shape matching the preceding cue had to be reported. In Experiment 1, either target, distractor, both, or no object matched the cue’s irrelevant color. Target-letter reports were most frequent in target-match trials and least frequent in distractor-match trials. Irrelevant cue and target color never matched in Experiment 2. Still, participants reported the distractor more often to the target’s disadvantage, when cue and distractor color matched. Thus, irrelevant features of a VWM template can influence covert attention in an involuntarily object-based manner when searching for trial-wise varying targets.
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MacLean, Mary, and Barry Giesbrecht. "Reward history enhances working memory precision in a continuous partial report task." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.1352.
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Gugerty, Leo. "Evidence from a Partial Report Task for Forgetting in Dynamic Spatial Memory." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40, no. 3 (September 1998): 498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872098779591412.
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Giesbrecht, Barry, Peter Dixon, and Alan Kingstone. "Cued Shifts of Attention and Memory Encoding in Partial Report: A Dual-Task Approach." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 54, no. 3 (August 2001): 695–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755989.
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Weckesser, Lisa J., Nina C. Alexander, Clemens Kirschbaum, Eva Mennigen, and Robert Miller. "Hydrocortisone Counteracts Adverse Stress Effects on Dual-Task Performance by Improving Visual Sensory Processes." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no. 11 (November 2016): 1784–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01006.
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The impact of acute stress on executive processes is commonly attributed to glucocorticoid-induced disruptions of the pFC. However, the occipital cortex seems to express a higher density of glucocorticoid receptors. Consequently, acute stress effects on executive processes could as well be mediated by glucocorticoid (e.g., cortisol)-induced alterations of visual sensory processes. To investigate this alternative route of stress action by demarcating the effects of acute stress and cortisol on executive from those on visual sensory processes, 40 healthy young men completed a standardized stress induction (i.e., the Trier Social Stress Test) and control protocol in two consecutive sessions. In addition, they received either a placebo or hydrocortisone (0.12-mg/kg bodyweight) pill and processed a dual and a partial report task to assess their executive and visual sensory processing abilities, respectively. Hydrocortisone administration improved both partial report and dual-task performance as indicated by increased response accuracies and/or decreased RTs. Intriguingly, the hydrocortisone-induced increase in dual-task performance was completely mediated by its impact on partial report performance (i.e., visual sensory processes). Moreover, RT measures in both tasks shared approximately 26% of variance, which was only in part attributable to hydrocortisone administration (ΔR2 = 8%). By contrast, acute stress selectively impaired dual-task performance (i.e., executive processes), presumably through an alternative route of action. In summary, the present results suggest that cortisol secretion (as mimicked by hydrocortisone administration) may counteract adverse residual stress effects on executive processes by improving visual sensory processes (e.g., the maintenance and amplification of task-relevant sensory information).
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Kusumawaty, Mia, and Betri Betri. "PENGARUH PENGALAMAN AUDIT, BEBAN KERJA, TASK SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE, TIPE KEPRIBADIAN TERHADAP PENDETEKSIAN KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN (Studi Kasus Kantor Akuntan Publik Kota Palembang)." BALANCE Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/jab.v4i1.1829.
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The formulation of this research is how influence of Audit Experience, Workload, Task Specific Knowledge, Personality Types on the detection of Financial Report Fraud case study at Public Accounting Firm Palembang. The purpose is to know, get empirical evidence and analyze Audit Experience, Workload, Task Specific Knowledge, Personality Types on Financial Report Fraud. This study includes Associative research. The population used in this study is the Auditor who works in the Public Accounting Firm Palembang. Sample in this research counted 37 Respondents. Methods Data collection used in this study is a questionnaire. Hypothetical test used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study show Partial Audit Experience has a positive effect on Fraud Financial Statements, Workload positively affect the Financial Report Fraud, Task Specific Knowledge positively affect the Fraud Financial Statements, Personality Types positively affect The Financial Report Fraud. Simultaneously Audit Experience, Workload, Task Specific Knowledge, Personality Types positively influence to Financial Report Fraud.
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Ajmire, Samiksha, Shilpi Karpathak, Khushbu Khandelwal, Surekha Ajmire, and Apurva Chaturvedi. "Aesthetic finger prosthesis." International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.018.
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Finger and partial finger amputations are commonly due to traumatic injuries. Rehabilitation of such patients with disabilities is a challenging task. The success of the prosthesis depends on the precision of planning the prosthesis, making the impression, carving the model and choosing the material that best suits the concerned circumstances. This clinical report portrays a method to fabricate silicone rubber prosthesis for a patient who has a partial finger loss caused due to trauma.
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González-García, Higinio, Guillaume Martinent, and Michel Nicolas. "Relationships between coach's leadership, group cohesion, affective states, sport satisfaction and goal attainment in competitive settings." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 17, no. 2 (November 25, 2021): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17479541211053229.
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We examined whether a perceived coach's leadership predicted group cohesion and whether group cohesion predicted intensity and direction of positive affect and negative affect experienced during competition, sport satisfaction and goal attainment following the completion of a sports competition. A sample of 296 competitive athletes (M age = 21.61; standard deviation = 6.32) participated in the study and completed a series of self-report questionnaires assessing the aforementioned constructs. A partial least square path modelling approach was used to examine the relationships between the study variables. Results of the structural partial least square path modelling model revealed that: (a) democratic coach behaviour negatively predicted Group Integration Task, (b) authoritarian coach positively predicted Individual Attractions to the Group-Social, and (c) reward positively predicted Group Integration Task. Moreover, partial least square path modelling results also revealed that (a) Individual Attraction to the Group-Task positively predicted the direction of negative affect during competition, (b) authoritarian coach marginally positively predicted Group Social Integration during competition, and (c) Group Social Integration marginally negatively predicted the direction of Negative Affects during competition. Thus, contradicting previous studies, results did not provide evidence of the empowering effect of democratic coach leadership on Group Integration Task. Finally, results provided evidence for the significant relationships between group cohesion and athletes’ competitive outcomes such as affective states experienced during competition.
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Muszkat, Mauro, Neyde Santacchi de Vincenzo, Denilce Oliveira Reami, Clemente I. Ribeiro de Almeida, Maria I. Campos, and Carlos J. Reis de Campos. "Hemispheric specialization in partial epilepsy role of dichotic listening cv task and central audiological evaluation in the neuropsychological assessment." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 49, no. 4 (December 1991): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1991000400003.
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We studied 49 patients with partial epilepsy divided into lesional cases (i.e. with lesions on CT scan) and non-lesional cases (i.e. without CT scan lesions), in relation to the Wechsler Intelligence Scale subtests (Coding, Digit span), dichotic listening CV task and Central Auditory Test (SSI, PSI). The aim of this paper was to study the hemispheric prevalence in dichotic listening task with regard to cognitive perforamance, as well as the presence or absence of central auditory dysfunction. Lesional cases presented a hemisphere prevalence in dichotic listening task with regard to cognitive performance, as well as the non-lesional cases tend to report the stimuli in the same side of EEC focus. Significant differences were found among the lesional and non lesional cases in relation to the digit span score and Coding subtest in right lesional cases versus right non-lesional cases. Both lesional and non-lesional group showed signs of central auditory dysfunction. We suggest that the dichotic listening and SSI and PSI test can be useful for a best comprehension of asymmetric neuropsychological performance in partial epilepsy.
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Castet, Éric, Marine Descamps, Ambre Denis-Noël, and Pascale Colé. "Dyslexia Research and the Partial Report Task: A First Step toward Acknowledging Iconic and Visual Short-term Memory." Scientific Studies of Reading 24, no. 2 (July 21, 2019): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2019.1642341.
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Asgeirsson, A., S. Kyllingsbaek, A. Kristjansson, and C. Bundesen. "The weight of the visual world is modified by recent experience : Modeling repetition priming in a partial report task." Journal of Vision 12, no. 9 (August 10, 2012): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/12.9.931.
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Pettus, Mudiwa, Sherita Roundtree, Ruth Osorio, Jen Almjeld, Patrick Thomas, and Jessica Enoch. "Non-Negotiable Inclusivity." Writers: Craft & Context 3, no. 1 (November 17, 2022): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2688-9595.2022.3.1.45-57.
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Six members of a Coalition of Feminist Scholars in the History of Rhetoric and Composition (CFSHRC) task force share their insights and affective responses to their work to identify and operationalize inclusive, invitational practices for the Feminisms and Rhetorics Conference (FemRhets). This article first describes understandings of antiracist practices that guided the group’s work - rooted in the writings of scholars Sara Ahmed, Kimberlé Crenshaw, and Michelle Grue - and highlights parts of the task force’s 23-page report outlining partial, initial steps for inclusive, antiracist conferencing. The article ends with each author sharing personal experiences working on this project. The authors seek to root the non-negotiability of inclusive conferencing practices in the need for antiracism, accessibility, affordability, and transparency as central to conference planning.
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Ginzburg, Dvir, and Dan Raviv. "Deep Confidence Guided Distance for 3D Partial Shape Registration." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i1.19951.
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We present a novel non-iterative learnable method for partial-to-partial 3D shape registration. The partial alignment task is extremely complex, as it jointly tries to match between points, and identify which points do not appear in the corresponding shape, causing the solution to be non-unique and ill-posed in most cases. Until now, two main methodologies have been suggested to solve this problem: sample a subset of points that are likely to have correspondences, or perform soft alignment between the point clouds and try to avoid a match to an occluded part. These heuristics work when the partiality is mild or when the transformation is small but fails for severe occlusions, or when outliers are present. We present a unique approach named Confidence Guided Distance Network (CGD-net), where we fuse learnable similarity between point embeddings and spatial distance between point clouds, inducing an optimized solution for the overlapping points while ignoring parts that only appear in one of the shapes. The point feature generation is done by a self-supervised architecture that repels far points to have different embeddings, therefore succeeds to align partial views of shapes, even with excessive internal symmetries, or acute rotations. We compare our network to recently presented learning-based and axiomatic methods and report a fundamental boost in performance.
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Burns, Barbara. "Is Stimulus Structure in the Mind's Eye? An Examination of Dimensional Structure in Iconic Memory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 39, no. 3 (August 1987): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748708401795.
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Three experiments examined integral and separable dimensions as attentional selective cues from iconic memory. Sperling's partial-report task was employed with physically separable and physically integral stimuli. Stimulus displays were varied in terms of the redundancy of the irrelevant non-cued dimensions—i.e. control, correlated, and orthogonal conditions within Garner's (1974a) framework—and selective readout performance was measured. The results demonstrate that, in initial processing, physically separable dimensions (e.g., circle size vs. angle of radial line) can be selectively attended to as independent dimensions, but physically integral dimensions (e.g., size vs. brightness and height vs. width) can only be represented as wholistic integral objects. Implications of these findings for current models of feature integration and perceptual development are discussed.
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Feng, Xiaocheng, Yawei Sun, Bing Qin, Heng Gong, Yibo Sun, Wei Bi, XiaoJiang Liu, and Ting Liu. "Learning to Select Bi-Aspect Information for Document-Scale Text Content Manipulation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (April 3, 2020): 7716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6274.
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In this paper, we focus on a new practical task, document-scale text content manipulation, which is the opposite of text style transfer and aims to preserve text styles while altering the content. In detail, the input is a set of structured records and a reference text for describing another recordset. The output is a summary that accurately describes the partial content in the source recordset with the same writing style of the reference. The task is unsupervised due to lack of parallel data, and is challenging to select suitable records and style words from bi-aspect inputs respectively and generate a high-fidelity long document. To tackle those problems, we first build a dataset based on a basketball game report corpus as our testbed, and present an unsupervised neural model with interactive attention mechanism, which is used for learning the semantic relationship between records and reference texts to achieve better content transfer and better style preservation. In addition, we also explore the effectiveness of the back-translation in our task for constructing some pseudo-training pairs. Empirical results show superiority of our approaches over competitive methods, and the models also yield a new state-of-the-art result on a sentence-level dataset. 1
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Matthews, Julian, Pia Schröder, Lisandro Kaunitz, Jeroen J. A. van Boxtel, and Naotsugu Tsuchiya. "Conscious access in the near absence of attention: critical extensions on the dual-task paradigm." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1755 (July 30, 2018): 20170352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0352.
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Whether conscious perception requires attention remains a topic of intense debate. While certain complex stimuli such as faces and animals can be discriminated outside the focus of spatial attention, many simpler stimuli cannot. Because such evidence was obtained in dual-task paradigms involving no measure of subjective insight, it remains unclear whether accurate discrimination of unattended complex stimuli is the product of automatic, unconscious processing, as in blindsight, or is accessible to consciousness. Furthermore, these paradigms typically require extensive training over many hours, bringing into question whether this phenomenon can be achieved in naive subjects. We developed a novel dual-task paradigm incorporating confidence ratings to calculate metacognition and adaptive staircase procedures to reduce training. With minimal training, subjects were able to discriminate face-gender in the near absence of top–down attentional amplification, while also displaying above-chance metacognitive accuracy. By contrast, the discrimination of simple coloured discs was significantly impaired and metacognitive accuracy dropped to chance-level, even in a partial-report condition. In a final experiment, we used blended face/disc stimuli and confirmed that face-gender but not colour orientation can be discriminated in the dual task. Our results show direct evidence for metacognitive conscious access in the near absence of attention for complex, but not simple, stimuli. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Perceptual consciousness and cognitive access'.
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Lamond, David. "Karpin on Management: Is That All Managers Should Be Doing?" Journal of Management & Organization 2, no. 1 (January 1996): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200006192.
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AbstractThe recent Karpin Committee report once again focused attention on managerial skills and competencies, as it prognosticated on the skills and knowledge required by current and future Australian managers, and the kinds of educational experiences necessary to foster them. In doing so, the report made critical assumptions about the kinds of functions and behaviours that can be properly called ‘managerial’. Indeed, leadership is elevated as the conspicuous task of managers (leaders?). But is this what managers should be doing?Closer examination of the Karpin model of ‘management’, in the broader context of the literature on management and managerial behaviour, shows that the Karpin view is narrow and partial — it ignores or devalues key managerial functions while promoting others. This is due, in part, to the fact that the committee's approach is devoid of any theoretical framework for designating particular behaviours as ‘managerial’. If the Karpin recommendations are to steer management education into the third millennium, the result will be, in turn, a narrow and partial educational experience.This paper argues for an approach to management education driven, not by a populist vision of managers simply as entrepreneurial leaders, but by an appreciation of the necessarily broader range of managerial functions and the way in which they are integrated. It proposes such an approach, derived from management theory and elaborated in the context of Australia and the Asia-Pacific region in the 1990s and beyond.
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Lamond, David. "Karpin on Management: Is That All Managers Should Be Doing?" Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2, no. 1 (January 1996): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.1996.2.1.21.
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AbstractThe recent Karpin Committee report once again focused attention on managerial skills and competencies, as it prognosticated on the skills and knowledge required by current and future Australian managers, and the kinds of educational experiences necessary to foster them. In doing so, the report made critical assumptions about the kinds of functions and behaviours that can be properly called ‘managerial’. Indeed, leadership is elevated as the conspicuous task of managers (leaders?). But is this what managers should be doing?Closer examination of the Karpin model of ‘management’, in the broader context of the literature on management and managerial behaviour, shows that the Karpin view is narrow and partial — it ignores or devalues key managerial functions while promoting others. This is due, in part, to the fact that the committee's approach is devoid of any theoretical framework for designating particular behaviours as ‘managerial’. If the Karpin recommendations are to steer management education into the third millennium, the result will be, in turn, a narrow and partial educational experience.This paper argues for an approach to management education driven, not by a populist vision of managers simply as entrepreneurial leaders, but by an appreciation of the necessarily broader range of managerial functions and the way in which they are integrated. It proposes such an approach, derived from management theory and elaborated in the context of Australia and the Asia-Pacific region in the 1990s and beyond.
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Ochab, Jeremi K., Jerzy Szwed, Katarzyna Oleś, Anna Bereś, Dante R. Chialvo, Aleksandra Domagalik, Magdalena Fąfrowicz, et al. "Observing changes in human functioning during induced sleep deficiency and recovery periods." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): e0255771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255771.
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Prolonged periods of sleep restriction seem to be common in the contemporary world. Sleep loss causes perturbations of circadian rhythmicity and degradation of waking alertness as reflected in attention, cognitive efficiency and memory. Understanding whether and how the human brain recovers from chronic sleep loss is important not only from a scientific but also from a public health perspective. In this work we report on behavioral, motor, and neurophysiological correlates of sleep loss in healthy adults in an unprecedented study conducted in natural conditions and comprising 21 consecutive days divided into periods of 4 days of regular life (a baseline), 10 days of chronic partial sleep restriction (30% reduction relative to individual sleep need) and 7 days of recovery. Throughout the whole experiment we continuously measured the spontaneous locomotor activity by means of actigraphy with 1-minute resolution. On a daily basis the subjects were undergoing EEG measurements (64-electrodes with 500 Hz sampling frequency): resting state with eyes open and closed (8 minutes long each) followed by Stroop task lasting 22 minutes. Altogether we analyzed actigraphy (distributions of rest and activity durations), behavioral measures (reaction times and accuracy from Stroop task) and EEG (amplitudes, latencies and scalp maps of event-related potentials from Stroop task and power spectra from resting states). We observed unanimous deterioration in all the measures during sleep restriction. Further results indicate that a week of recovery subsequent to prolonged periods of sleep restriction is insufficient to recover fully. Only one measure (mean reaction time in Stroop task) reverted to baseline values, while the others did not.
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Smith, Alastair D., Iain D. Gilchrist, Bruce Hood, May Tassabehji, and Annette Karmiloff-Smith. "Inefficient Search of Large-Scale Space in Williams Syndrome: Further Insights on the Role of LIMK1 Deletion in Deficits of Spatial Cognition." Perception 38, no. 5 (January 1, 2009): 694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6050.
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Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder associated with impairments of spatial cognition. This has primarily been studied in small-scale space, and rarely in large-scale environments. In order to fully characterise the spatial deficits in WS, and also to address claims that the deletion of LIM-kinase 1 (LIMK1) on chromosome 7 is responsible for those deficits, we report an automated large-scale search task for humans that places the participant egocentrically within the search space. Search locations were defined as lights and switches embedded in the floor, and participants attempted to locate a hidden target by pressing the switch at potential locations. We compared individuals with WS to patients with smaller deletions (including LIMK1) in the critical region on chromosome 7. Whilst partial-deletion participants performed efficiently on the task, participants with WS demonstrated inefficient search profiles: their search slopes were steeper and they made significantly more erroneous revisits to previously inspected locations. Our findings indicate that spatial deficits associated with WS also affect large-scale spatial processing and suggest that hemizygous deletion of LIMK1 is not sufficient to account for any of the spatial deficits associated with WS.
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Michon, Francis, Catherine Uitz, Arun Sarkar, Anello J. D'Ambra, Maryline Laude-Sharp, Samuel Moore, and Peter C. Fusco. "Group B Streptococcal Type II and III Conjugate Vaccines: Physicochemical Properties That Influence Immunogenicity." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, no. 8 (August 2006): 936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00122-06.
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ABSTRACT Recent efforts toward developing vaccines against group B streptococci (GBS) have focused on increasing the immunogenicity of GBS polysaccharides by conjugation to carrier proteins. However, partial depolymerization of GBS polysaccharides for the production of vaccines is a difficult task because of their acid-labile, antigenically critical sialic acids. Here we report a method for the partial depolymerization of type II and III polysaccharides by mild deaminative cleavage to antigenic fragments with reducing-terminal 2,5-anhydro-d-mannose residues. Through the free aldehydes of their newly formed end groups, the fragments were conjugated to tetanus toxoid by reductive amination. The resulting conjugates stimulated the production in animals of high-titer type II- and III-specific antibodies which induced opsonophagocytic killing of type II and III strains of group B streptococci. For the type II conjugates, immunogenicity increased as oligosaccharide size decreased, whereas for type III conjugates, the size of the oligosaccharides did not significantly influence immunogenicity. When oligosaccharides of defined size were conjugated through sialic acid residues, the resulting cross-linkages were shown to affect immunogenicity. When oligosaccharides were conjugated through terminal aldehyde groups generated by deamination, modification of the exocyclic chain of sialic acid did not influence immunogenicity.
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Peng, Yuan, Xiaohui Yang, and Zhenhong Wang. "Parental Marital Conflict and Growth in Adolescents’ Externalizing Problems: the Role of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia." Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 43, no. 3 (February 9, 2021): 518–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-020-09866-9.
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AbstractPrevious studies have examined the moderating effect of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) on the association between marital conflict and externalizing problems, however the findings were inconsistent. One possible reason is that the covariation of internalizing problems in externalizing problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine this issue. Participants were 332 Chinese adolescents (54.5% boys) age from 13 to 15 years old. At T1, electrocardiogram monitoring was performed on adolescents during the resting state and stressor tasks (a speech task and a mental arithmetic task) to obtain RSA data. The Chinese version of the Achenbach Youth Self-Report-2001 (YSR-2001) and the Chinese version of the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict scale were used to assess adolescents’ externalizing and internalizing problems and their perception of marital conflict, respectively. Adolescents’ problem behaviors were assessed again in the second and third waves of data collection, with a 1-year lag among each wave. The results revealed that the 3- interactions of marital conflict × RSA reactivity in speech task × sex significantly predicted the trajectory of externalizing problems when controlling for internalizing problems from externalizing problems. Specifically, girls with greater RSA suppression to the speech task reported low and stable externalizing problems, however, boys with the same pattern were associated with slightly increased levels of externalizing problems. While, RSA augmentation to the speech task predicted the increase in externalizing problems among both girls and boys in high marital conflict families over time. However, this interaction effects were not significant when not partial out internalizing problems from externalizing problems. The findings highlight the importance of controlling for the covariation of internalizing problems when examining the interaction effects of person and environment on the development of adolescents’ externalizing problems.
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Kobus, D. A., T. C. Zino, L. Lewandowski, and J. F. Sturr. "Reading Disability: A Hemispheric Asymmetry-Information Processing Approach." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 2 (October 1986): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.583.
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A visual half-field task using a Sperling partial-report paradigm was presented to 10 reading disabled and 10 control subjects (7 to 14 yr. old). The design was very similar to that described in 1977 by Morrison, Giordani, and Nagy, examining performance of letters placed in a circular array at both the perceptual and short-term memory stage. The reading-disabled subjects performed significantly lower on letter-recognition during both the perceptual and short-term memory processing stages. A hemi-field analysis showed a left visual-field performance decrement for the reading-disabled group during the short-term memory stage. Contrary to previous findings which discount a perceptual deficit, this study indicates that such a deficit may exist and is further accentuated during the short-term memory stage by a decrement in right-hemisphere performance.
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ALDAYA, V., M. CALIXTO, J. GUERRERO, and F. F. LÓPEZ-RUIZ. "SYMMETRIES OF NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS: GROUP APPROACH TO THEIR QUANTIZATION." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 08, no. 06 (September 2011): 1329–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887811005713.
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We report briefly on an approach to quantum theory entirely based on symmetry grounds which improves Geometric Quantization in some respects and provides an alternative to the canonical framework. The present scheme, being typically non-perturbative, is primarily intended for non-linear systems, although needless to say that finding the basic symmetry associated with a given (quantum) physical problem is in general a difficult task, which many times nearly emulates the complexity of finding the actual (classical) solutions. Apart from some interesting examples related to the electromagnetic and gravitational particle interactions, where an algebraic version of the Equivalence Principle naturally arises, we attempt to the quantum description of non-linear sigma models. In particular, we present the actual quantization of the partial-trace non-linear SU (2) sigma model as a representative case of non-linear quantum field theory.
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Gooyers, Chad E., David M. Frost, Stuart M. McGill, and Jack P. Callaghan. "Partial rupture of the Achilles tendon during a simulated fire ground task: Insights obtained from a case report for the prevention and reporting of musculoskeletal injury." Clinical Biomechanics 28, no. 4 (April 2013): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.02.002.
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Mindruta, Ioana, Alina Dimitriu, and Laura Craciun. "Insights in classification of seizures and epilepsies – review of key concepts throughout history." Romanian Journal of Neurology 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2011): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2011.4.1.
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Since the Babylonian era up to nowadays, the large complexity of epileptic disorders made the attempt of classifying and organizing concepts one of the most challenging. The 1981 classification was a revision of the one devised by Henri Gastaut for the ILAE and published in 1970. The distinction between simple and complex partial seizures represented a significant difference. In 1989 the report of ILAE classification and terminology task force introduced the concept of epileptic syndrome. An epileptic syndrome is defined by the sum of signs and symptoms that tend to occur together, not reflecting a particular etiology and prognosis, these latter features being the hallmark not of a syndrome, but of a disease condition. Firstly, any epileptic disorder can be described as either idiopathic (primary, whose etiology is probably genetic), symptomatic (with a known or presumed cerebral pathology) or cryptogenic (with an occult cause). The epileptic diagnostic tree ramifies into four main branches in the 1989 ILAE Classification: localization-related (focal, local, or partial) epilepsies and syndromes, generalized epilepsies and syndromes, epilepsies and syndromes undetermined whether focal or generalized and special syndromes. The next important milestone in epilepsy classification was settled by ILAE in 2001, when a glossary for ictal semiology was developed and multiaxial approach of diagnosing epilepsy was proposed. The necessity of processing the new insights in epilepsy was answered by the latest ILAE Report released in February 2010, which brings awareness of and appropriately integrates the currently available data. It presents a modular approach of diagnosing epilepsy and recommends to keep a flexible vision on this topic, as every individual case requires a different prioritizing scheme.
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Xavier, Jean, Soizic Gauthier, Ingrid Zammouri, Salvatore Maria Anzalone, and David Cohen. "Motor Skill Improvement Using Compressive Garments in a Child with Multidimensional Impairments and Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2022 (September 6, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5819406.
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We report the case of an 8-year-old child with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, including severe developmental coordination disorder with dysgraphia, anxiety and depression, mild social functioning impairments, headache and chronic musculoskeletal pain, secondary to Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) hypermobility type. We explored whether wearing whole-body compressive garments (CGs) could improve his motor skills assessed through standardized and experimental procedures. In addition to the effectiveness of CGs on pain, we found partial improvements in his motor skills, specifically postural control, hand movements, and body schema representation, after wearing CGs for 15 days. During an experimental motor imitation task with a virtual tightrope walker, we found improvements in interpersonal synchronization with performances closer to those of typical developing (TD) controls. We conclude that CGs appear to be an innovative and interesting adjuvant treatment for motor skill impairments in children with multidimensional impairments involving EDS. These promising results require confirmation by further evidence-based research.
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Koopman, Sarah E., Alyssa M. Arre, Steven T. Piantadosi, and Jessica F. Cantlon. "One-to-one correspondence without language." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 10 (October 2019): 190495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190495.
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A logical rule important in counting and representing exact number is one-to-one correspondence, the understanding that two sets are equal if each item in one set corresponds to exactly one item in the second set. The role of this rule in children's development of counting remains unclear, possibly due to individual differences in the development of language. We report that non-human primates, which do not have language, have at least a partial understanding of this principle. Baboons were given a quantity discrimination task where two caches were baited with different quantities of food. When the quantities were baited in a manner that highlighted the one-to-one relation between those quantities, baboons performed significantly better than when one-to-one correspondence cues were not provided. The implication is that one-to-one correspondence, which requires intuitions about equality and is a possible building block of counting, has a pre-linguistic origin.
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GARCÍA-CONTRERAS, ISABEL, JOSÉ F. MORALES, and MANUEL V. HERMENEGILDO. "Semantic code browsing." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 16, no. 5-6 (September 2016): 721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068416000417.
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AbstractProgrammers currently enjoy access to a very high number of code repositories and libraries of ever increasing size. The ensuing potential for reuse is however hampered by the fact that searching within all this code becomes an increasingly difficult task. Most code search engines are based on syntactic techniques such as signature matching or keyword extraction. However, these techniques are inaccurate (because they basically rely on documentation) and at the same time do not offer very expressive code query languages. We propose a novel approach that focuses on querying for semantic characteristics of code obtained automatically from the code itself. Program units are pre-processed using static analysis techniques, based on abstract interpretation, obtaining safe semantic approximations. A novel, assertion-based code query language is used to express desired semantic characteristics of the code as partial specifications. Relevant code is found by comparing such partial specifications with the inferred semantics for program elements. Our approach is fully automatic and does not rely on user annotations or documentation. It is more powerful and flexible than signature matching because it is parametric on the abstract domain and properties, and does not require type definitions. Also, it reasons with relations between properties, such as implication and abstraction, rather than just equality. It is also more resilient to syntactic code differences. We describe the approach and report on a prototype implementation within the Ciao system.
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Pearlstein, Jennifer G., Sheri L. Johnson, James W. Madole, and Kiana Modavi. "Emotion-related impulsivity: Testing a model of arousal effects on cognitive control." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 6 (January 2022): 239821282210795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23982128221079572.
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The trait-based tendency to respond rashly to emotions is robustly tied to many forms of psychopathology and poor behavioural outcomes, including aggression and suicidality. Researchers have found associations between response inhibition and emotion-related impulsivity; however, effect sizes are often small. Because emotion-related impulsivity emerges in the context of heightened positive and negative emotions, arousal is a candidate trigger of impulsivity. The goals of the present study were to (1) replicate the association between emotion-related impulsivity and response inhibition, and (2) test whether emotion-related impulsivity is associated with arousal-induced decays in response inhibition performance. Participants ( N = 55) completed a self-report measure of emotion-related impulsivity, and then completed a computer-based response inhibition task (the antisaccade task, in which participants must make a rapid saccadic eye movement away from a cue rather than toward it) before and after a well-validated stress induction (the Trier Social Stress Test). Psychophysiological indices of arousal were measured throughout the session. Findings provide partial support for the association between emotion-related impulsivity and pre-stress response inhibition. Contrary to hypotheses, emotion-related impulsivity did not interact with arousal to predict post-stress response inhibition performance after controlling for pre-stress response inhibition performance. Future research is needed to consider clinical samples and to assess whether emotion-related impulsivity is related to deficits in other facets of cognitive control and decision-making.
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Papapetropoulos, Spyros, Wenlei Liu, Sridhar Duvvuri, Kathleen Thayer, and David L. Gray. "Evaluation of D1/D5 Partial Agonist PF-06412562 in Parkinson’s Disease following Oral Administration." Neurodegenerative Diseases 18, no. 5-6 (2018): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000492498.
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Background: PF-06412562 is a moderately potent, highly selective oral D1/D5 dopamine receptor partial agonist. Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of a single, oral, split dose of PF-06412562 in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Following overnight levodopa (L-dopa, Sinemet®) washout, subjects received a single dose of levodopa in open-label period 1. Periods 2 and 3 had a double-blinded, sponsor-open, randomized, 2-way cross-over, placebo-controlled design, during which subjects were randomized to PF-06412562 30 mg (+ 20 mg 4 h later) or placebo. Maximum percent improvement from baseline in finger-tapping speed (measure of bradykinesia) measured using KinesiaTM technology (as the primary end point) and change from baseline in the Movement Disorder Society’s Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III) motor section scores (the preferred exploratory end point) were evaluated. Results: Nineteen subjects received levodopa; 13 met the period 2/3 entry criteria and received PF-06412562, 30 + 20 mg, or placebo. The prespecified primary efficacy criterion for significant improvement in finger-tapping was not met due to inconsistencies in the task leading to large between-period fluctuations of within-patient baseline values. Change from baseline in MDS-UPDRS-III score with PF-06412562 resulted in a placebo-adjusted point estimate of –10.59 with a one-sided 90% upper CI of PF-06412562 versus placebo model-based contrast of (–inf, –7.44) at 1.5–2.5 h after the dose (p < 0.0001). All adverse events were mild-to-moderate. Conclusions: We report the first evidence of potential anti-parkinsonian efficacy of the oral selective D1/D5 partial agonist PF-06412562 without the significant acute changes in cardiovascular parameters reported with previous D1 agonists.
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BRUCE, K. R., H. STEIGER, N. M. KOERNER, M. ISRAEL, and S. N. YOUNG. "Bulimia nervosa with co-morbid avoidant personality disorder: behavioural characteristics and serotonergic function." Psychological Medicine 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170300864x.
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Background. Separate lines of research link lowered serotonin tone to interpersonal submissiveness and bulimia nervosa (BN). We explored the impact of co-morbid avoidant personality disorder (APD), as a proxy for submissiveness, on behavioural inhibition and serotonin function in women with BN.Method. Participants included women with BN with co-morbid APD (BNA+, N=13); women with BN but without APD (BNA−, N=23), and control women with neither BN nor APD (N=23). The women were assessed for psychopathological tendencies and eating disorder symptoms, and participated in a computerized laboratory task that measured behavioural inhibition and disinhibition. Participants also provided blood samples for measurement of serial prolactin responses following oral administration of the partial 5-HT agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP).Results. The BNA+ group had higher scores than the other groups on self-report measures of submissiveness, social avoidance, restricted emotional expression, affective instability and self-harming behaviours. Compared with the other groups, the BNA+ group tended to be more inhibited under cues for punishment on the computerized task and to have blunted prolactin response following m-CPP. The bulimic groups did not differ from each other on current eating symptoms or on frequencies of other mental disorders.Conclusions. Findings indicate that women with BN and co-morbid APD may be characterized by interpersonal submissiveness and avoidance, affective instability, self-harm, behavioural inhibition in response to threat and lower sensitivity to serotonergic activation. These findings may indicate common, serotonergic factors, associated with social submissiveness, behavioural inhibition to threat and BN.
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Patriciello, G., L. Marone, A. Vece, E. Barone, and A. M. Monteleone. "Integrating empathic and mentalizing abilities with interpersonal sensitivity in people with eating disorders: A network analysis approach." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S354—S355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.950.
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IntroductionLiterature highlights that interpersonal sensitivity represents an important development and maintaining factor for Eating Disorder (ED). Mentalizing and empathy are two psychological constructs that play a crucial role in social functioning. However, the role of mentalizing and empathy in the socio-emotional processing deficits of ED patients has been under investigated.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the complex interactions between the sub-components of mentalizing and empathy and ED symptoms through a network analysis approach.MethodsSeventy-seven women with EDs were included in our study. Eating disorder and affective symptomatology were investigated with self-report questionnaires. All patients underwent two computerized tasks: Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC), assessing emotional and non-emotional mental state inferences; Empathic Accuracy Task-Revised (EAT-R), measuring accuracy in identifying and sharing others’ emotions. A partial correlation network and bridge function analyses were computed.ResultsIn the partial correlation network inference of cognitive mental states and shape concern were the nodes with the highest strength centrality. Inference of emotional mental states was the node with the highest bridge strength in the cluster of social cognition functions. Empathic and mentalizing abilities were directly connected with each other and with ED symptoms.ConclusionsThis is the first network analysis study which integrates self-reported symptoms and objective socio-cognitive performance in people with Eds. Our results provide evidence of the complex interactions between mentalizing, empathy and psychopathological symptoms in people with EDs. Therefore, confirm that the ability to infer others’ mental state may represent a useful target for clinical intervention in EDs.
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Heider, B., and R. Groner. "Vertical Visual-Field Differences in Schematic Persistence for Colour Information." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970313.
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The functional specialisation in the upper and lower visual fields is related to the distinction between far and near vision, and may parallel differences between the ventral and dorsal processing streams. Here, we studied possible differences in colour processing. According to postulates of Previc (1990 Behavioral and Brain Sciences13 519 – 575), we expected longer persistence and an advantage in colour classification for stimuli presented in the upper visual field. Performance was tested in a modified partial-report task to estimate duration of schematic persistence for colour and verbal information. The targets were letter strings—either red, yellow, blue, or green—presented in three combinations: (a) nonsense strings, (b) congruent colour-words, and (c) incongruent colour-words. Eight targets were simultaneously presented in a circular array for 60 ms. After a variable interstimulus interval (ISI, 0 – 900 ms), a coloured marker was briefly displayed pointing to one of the original target positions, and the participants had to report whether the colours of target and marker were identical or not. The responses were analysed separately for upper and lower visual-field presentations. The verbal content of the targets did not affect performance. There were no differences in performance between the two visual fields. However, analyses of both accuracy and reaction latencies showed significant interactions between visual field and ISI, ie performance decreased at a slower rate in the upper visual field. These results suggest longer schematic persistence for colour stimuli presented in the upper visual field.
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Wiegand, Iris, Natan Napiórkowski, Thomas Töllner, Anders Petersen, Thomas Habekost, Hermann J. Müller, and Kathrin Finke. "Event-related Electroencephalographic Lateralizations Mark Individual Differences in Spatial and Nonspatial Visual Selection." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 4 (April 2018): 482–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01221.
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Selective attention controls the distribution of our visual system's limited processing resources to stimuli in the visual field. Two independent parameters of visual selection can be quantified by modeling an individual's performance in a partial-report task based on the computational theory of visual attention (TVA): (i) top–down control α, the relative attentional weighting of relevant over irrelevant stimuli, and (ii) spatial bias wλ, the relative attentional weighting of stimuli in the left versus right hemifield. In this study, we found that visual event-related electroencephalographic lateralizations marked interindividual differences in these two functions. First, individuals with better top–down control showed higher amplitudes of the posterior contralateral negativity than individuals with poorer top–down control. Second, differences in spatial bias were reflected in asymmetries in earlier visual event-related lateralizations depending on the hemifield position of targets; specifically, individuals showed a positivity contralateral to targets presented in their prioritized hemifield and a negativity contralateral to targets presented in their nonprioritized hemifield. Thus, our findings demonstrate that two functionally different aspects of attentional weighting quantified in the respective TVA parameters are reflected in two different neurophysiological measures: The observer-dependent spatial bias influences selection by a bottom–up processing advantage of stimuli appearing in the prioritized hemifield. By contrast, task-related target selection governed by top–down control involves active enhancement of target, and/or suppression of distractor, processing. These results confirm basic assumptions of the TVA framework, complement the functional interpretation of event-related lateralization components in selective attention studies, and are of relevance for the development of neurocognitive attentional assessment procedures.
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Winarni, Etik, Endah Tri Kurniasih, and Ahmad Soleh. "Dampak Penerapan Good Governance, Kompetensi SDM, Penerapan SAP, Penerapan SPIP dan Pemanfaatan SIPKD Terhadap Akuntabilitas Publik Dan Kualitas Laporan Keuangan (Pemerintah Kota Jambi)." J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains) 5, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v5i2.197.
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The main content in quality development is the implementation of good governance. A reflection of good government implementation can be measured from the level of Public Accountability and Its Financial Statements, because both are indicators to see if a region has run good governance or not. In its context as an organization engaged in public service services, the government in its management must conduct transparency and public accountability. Public accountability in accordance with the characteristics of good governance with respect to (1) participation; (2) rule of low; (3) transparency; (4) responsiveness; (5) consensus orietation; (6) equity; (7) effectiveness and efficiency; and (8) strategy vision (Mardiasmo, 2006). This research aims to analyze the impact of good governance, Human Resources Competency (HR), Implementation of Government Accounting Standards (GAS), Implementation of Government Internal Control System (GICS) and Utilization of Regional Financial Management Information System (FMIS) on Public Accountability and Quality of Financial Report. The study used primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained from questionnaires distributed directly to respondents using Purposive Sampling techniques. The population in this study was the Regional Device Task Force (RDTF)/Regional Device Organization (RDO) in jambi city government, with 37 RDTF/RDO and 70 respondents. While the analysis tools used in the study are approaching the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method by negating the assumptions of OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) regression. The results showed that the implementation of good governance, Human Resources Competency (HRC), Application of Government Accounting Standards (GAS) had a positive effect on the quality of Jambi city government financial report. While the implementation of the Government Internal Control System (GICS) and the Utilization of Regional Financial Management Information System (RFMIS) partially did not have a positive effect on the quality of jambi city government financial report. Furthermore, the implementation of good governance, the Implementation of Government Accounting Standards (GAS), the Implementation of Government Internal Control System (GICS) have a positive and significant effect on Public Accountability. While the utilization of regional financial management information system (RFMIS) has not had a positive effect on public accountability.
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Yu, Tianwei. "AIME: Autoencoder-based integrative multi-omics data embedding that allows for confounder adjustments." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): e1009826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009826.
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In the integrative analyses of omics data, it is often of interest to extract data representation from one data type that best reflect its relations with another data type. This task is traditionally fulfilled by linear methods such as canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and partial least squares (PLS). However, information contained in one data type pertaining to the other data type may be complex and in nonlinear form. Deep learning provides a convenient alternative to extract low-dimensional nonlinear data embedding. In addition, the deep learning setup can naturally incorporate the effects of clinical confounding factors into the integrative analysis. Here we report a deep learning setup, named Autoencoder-based Integrative Multi-omics data Embedding (AIME), to extract data representation for omics data integrative analysis. The method can adjust for confounder variables, achieve informative data embedding, rank features in terms of their contributions, and find pairs of features from the two data types that are related to each other through the data embedding. In simulation studies, the method was highly effective in the extraction of major contributing features between data types. Using two real microRNA-gene expression datasets, one with confounder variables and one without, we show that AIME excluded the influence of confounders, and extracted biologically plausible novel information. The R package based on Keras and the TensorFlow backend is available at https://github.com/tianwei-yu/AIME.
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Windhofer, Christian, Christoph Papp, Alfons Staudach, and Wolfgang Michlits. "Local Fasciocutaneous Infragluteal (FCI) Flap for Vulvar and Vaginal Reconstruction: A New Technique in Cancer Surgery." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 22, no. 1 (January 2012): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0b013e318234fa0a.
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IntroductionSoft tissue reconstruction after vulvar, vaginal, or anal cancer resection poses a formidable task for reconstructive surgeons because of the functional, locational, and cosmetic importance of this region. Although numerous flaps have been designed for vulvar reconstruction, each has its disadvantages.MethodsThe authors introduce the local fasciocutaneous infragluteal (FCI) flap for vulvar and vaginal reconstruction after tumor resection, vaginal scar obliteration, and vulvar ulceration in 15 patients operated on between 1999 and 2007. The FCI flap is supplied by the cutaneous branch of the descending branch of the inferior gluteal artery. The sensory supply of this flap comes from side branches of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh. A total of 17 flaps were performed in 15 patients.ResultsExcept for one, all flaps survived. One flap necrosis occurred because of false postoperative position with compression and tension to the vascular pedicle. In the remaining patients, we found one local cancer recurrence with necessity of a second flap from the contralateral side. The patients report satisfaction with reconstruction, without one having pain at donor site and recurrent vaginal ulceration.ConclusionsThis article discusses the expanding indications of this versatile flap and the operative technique of the local FCI flap for reconstruction of vulvar and partial vaginal defects. It can be raised in different volume and dimension out of possible irradiated area with an inconspicuous scar.
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Vandenbroucke, Annelinde R. E., Ilja G. Sligte, Jade G. de Vries, Michael X. Cohen, and Victor A. F. Lamme. "Neural Correlates of Visual Short-term Memory Dissociate between Fragile and Working Memory Representations." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 12 (December 2015): 2477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00870.
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Evidence is accumulating that the classic two-stage model of visual STM (VSTM), comprising iconic memory (IM) and visual working memory (WM), is incomplete. A third memory stage, termed fragile VSTM (FM), seems to exist in between IM and WM [Vandenbroucke, A. R. E., Sligte, I. G., & Lamme, V. A. F. Manipulations of attention dissociate fragile visual STM from visual working memory. Neuropsychologia, 49, 1559–1568, 2011; Sligte, I. G., Scholte, H. S., & Lamme, V. A. F. Are there multiple visual STM stores? PLoS One, 3, e1699, 2008]. Although FM can be distinguished from IM using behavioral and fMRI methods, the question remains whether FM is a weak expression of WM or a separate form of memory with its own neural signature. Here, we tested whether FM and WM in humans are supported by dissociable time–frequency features of EEG recordings. Participants performed a partial-report change detection task, from which individual differences in FM and WM capacity were estimated. These individual FM and WM capacities were correlated with time–frequency characteristics of the EEG signal before and during encoding and maintenance of the memory display. FM capacity showed negative alpha correlations over peri-occipital electrodes, whereas WM capacity was positively related, suggesting increased visual processing (lower alpha) to be related to FM capacity. Furthermore, FM capacity correlated with an increase in theta power over central electrodes during preparation and processing of the memory display, whereas WM did not. In addition to a difference in visual processing characteristics, a positive relation between gamma power and FM capacity was observed during both preparation and maintenance periods of the task. On the other hand, we observed that theta–gamma coupling was negatively correlated with FM capacity, whereas it was slightly positively correlated with WM. These data show clear differences in the neural substrates of FM versus WM and suggest that FM depends more on visual processing mechanisms compared with WM. This study thus provides novel evidence for a dissociation between different stages in VSTM.
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Kangas, Michael James, Christina L. Wilson, Raychelle M. Burks, Jordyn Atwater, Rachel M. Lukowicz, Billy Garver, Miles Mayer, Shana Havenridge, and Andrea E. Holmes. "An Improved Comparison of Chemometric Analyses for the Identification of Acids and Bases With Colorimetric Sensor Arrays." International Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 2 (April 25, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v10n2p36.
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Colorimetric sensor arrays incorporating red, green, and blue (RGB) image analysis use value changes from multiple sensors for the identification and quantification of various analytes. RGB data can be easily obtained using image analysis software such as ImageJ. Subsequent chemometric analysis is becoming a key component of colorimetric array RGB data analysis, though literature contains mainly principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Seeking to expand the chemometric methods toolkit for array analysis, we explored the performance of nine chemometric methods were compared for the task of classifying 631 solutions (0.1 to 3 M) of acetic acid, malonic acid, lysine, and ammonia using an eight sensor colorimetric array. PCA and LDA (linear discriminant analysis) were effective for visualizing the dataset. For classification, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), (k nearest neighbors) KNN, (soft independent modelling by class analogy) SIMCA, recursive partitioning and regression trees (RPART), and hit quality index (HQI) were very effective with each method classifying compounds with over 90% correct assignments. Support vector machines (SVM) and partial least squares – discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) struggled with ~85 and 39% correct assignments, respectively. Additional mathematical treatments of the data set, such as incrementally increasing the exponents, did not improve the performance of LDA and KNN. The literature precedence indicates that the most common methods for analyzing colorimetric arrays are PCA, LDA, HCA, and KNN. To our knowledge, this is the first report of comparing and contrasting several more diverse chemometric methods to analyze the same colorimetric array data.
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Yow, W. Quin, Xiaoqian Li, and Jia Wen Lee. "Bilingualism and Healthy Aging: Onset Age of Bilingualism as a Predictor of Older Adult Theory of Mind." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1847.
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Abstract The ability to understand and speak more than one language (i.e., bilingualism) may protect against age-related cognitive deterioration (Abutalebi et al., 2015). While there is mounting evidence suggesting that bilingualism confers advantages in domain-general cognitive abilities in late adulthood (see Bialystok, 2017, for a review), few studies have investigated the influences of bilingualism on socio-cognitive abilities such as theory of mind (ToM) in the normal aging process. Thus, in this study, we examine how bilingualism factors (i.e., onset age of bilingualism, language balance, and diversity in language use) are associated with individual differences in ToM in healthy older adult bilinguals aged 58-79 (N=44). ToM abilities were assessed using the Theory-of-Mind Task Battery (Hutchins et al., 2008), where participants viewed vignettes and answered questions about the protagonists’ cognitive and affective mental states. All participants completed a self-report language background questionnaire and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test as a measure of general cognitive ability. Results revealed that better ToM was negatively correlated with participants’ chronological age (r=-.43, p=.004) and the onset age of second-language acquisition (r=-.41, p=.006), but not language balance and diversity (ps>.40). Partial regression analyses showed that earlier onset age of bilingualism predicted better ToM performance (β=-.40, p=.009), even after controlling for age, education, and general cognitive ability. These findings suggest that bilingual language experience, particularly earlier exposure to a second language, may provide benefits to older adults in preserving their ability to understand others’ mental states, acting as a cognitive reserve against age-related declines in socio-cognitive functions.
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Pronina, Galina Iozepovna, Alexey Alexandrovich Panteleev, and Elena E. Susova. "In vivo male african catfish sperm obtaining and evaluation for artificial reproduction." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2111-03.
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African catfish is a valuable unpretentious object of breeding. It is successfully grown in re-circulating aquaculture systems in mild climate areas. However, artificial reproduction of the African catfish has problems with the collecting of high-quality sperm for fertilization of eggs. Abdominal massage does not give results even after appropriate hormonal stimulation: sperm is released in a small volume, often with an admixture of urine and blood. At the same time, most spermatozoa are motionless. This is due to the morphological features of the gonad structure: the seminal tubules are of the percoid type, in which there are seminal vesicles that prevent sperm release. When breeding catfish, the method of slaughtering males is mainly used, followed by the extraction of gonads, their grinding and straining through gauze or a sieve. Therefore, an urgent task is to develop methods for in vivo male African catfish high-quality sperm collecting. This report shows the technique of gonadectomy and surgery techniques for extracting one or both gonads. General anesthesia was performed by immersing the fish in a solution of clove oil. The optimal dose of clove oil for anesthesia was determined as 0.10–0.20 ml/l. The surgical area was treated with an antiseptic solution. The skin was dissected and separated from abdominal muscles. After acutorsion of testicular vessels, the gonad was excised entirely, since with partial resection, the remaining part of the parenchyma oozes, causing inflammation of the abdominal cavity and impaired healing of the surgical wound. Intermittent octal sutures were applied separately to the peritoneum with abdominal muscles and skin to create additional anastomoses and prevent complications.
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Bartsch, Silke, Ellen Weber, Marion Büttgen, and Ariana Huber. "Leadership matters in crisis-induced digital transformation: how to lead service employees effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of Service Management 32, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-05-2020-0160.
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PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has, besides the health concerns, caused an unprecedented social and economic crisis that has particularly hit service industries hard. Due to extensive safety measures, many service employees have to work remotely to keep service businesses running. With limited literature on leadership and virtual work in the service context, this paper aims to report on leadership effectiveness regarding employees' work performance in virtual settings brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the input–process–outcome (IPO) framework, this research investigates the effectiveness of leadership on service employees' work performance mediated by work-related tension, autonomy, and group cohesiveness. Furthermore, this study explores moderating effects of the service provider's digital maturity. To test the derived model, the authors collected survey data from 206 service employees who, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, unexpectedly had to transform to a virtual work environment. The authors analyzed the data using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results indicated that it took task- and relation-oriented leadership behavior to maintain service employees' work performance in a virtual environment during crisis situations. Further, results indicated mediating effects of service employees' individual job autonomy and team cohesiveness; surprisingly, work-related tension did not impact employees' work performance. Results offered service businesses guidance on how to effectively lead in times of crisis when service employees predominantly work in virtual environments.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study to show how leadership affects service employees' work performance in a virtual work environment during crisis times. Thus, the study contributes to the scarce literature on the impact of leadership in service firms that have to operate in such a setting.
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Carette, Evelyne, Tim Van den Bogaert, Mark Laureyns, and Jan Wouters. "Left-Right and Front-Back Spatial Hearing with Multiple Directional Microphone Configurations in Modern Hearing Aids." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 25, no. 09 (October 2014): 791–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.25.9.2.
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Background: Several studies have demonstrated negative effects of directional microphone configurations on left-right and front-back (FB) sound localization. New processing schemes, such as frequency-dependent directionality and front focus with wireless ear-to-ear communication in recent, commercial hearing aids may preserve the binaural cues necessary for left-right localization and may introduce useful spectral cues necessary for FB disambiguation. Purpose: In this study, two hearing aids with different processing schemes, which were both designed to preserve the ability to localize sounds in the horizontal plane (left-right and FB), were compared. Research Design: We compared horizontal (left-right and FB) sound localization performance of hearing aid users fitted with two types of behind-the-ear (BTE) devices. The first type of BTE device had four different programs that provided (1) no directionality, (2–3) symmetric frequency-dependent directionality, and (4) an asymmetric configuration. The second pair of BTE devices was evaluated in its omnidirectional setting. This setting automatically activates a soft forward-oriented directional scheme that mimics the pinna effect. Also, wireless communication between the hearing aids was present in this configuration (5). A broadband stimulus was used as a target signal. The directional hearing abilities of the listeners were also evaluated without hearing aids as a reference. Study Sample: A total of 12 listeners with moderate to severe hearing loss participated in this study. All were experienced hearing-aid users. As a reference, 11 listeners with normal hearing participated. Data Collection and Analysis: The participants were positioned in a 13-speaker array (left-right, –90°/+90°) or 7-speaker array (FB, 0–180°) and were asked to report the number of the loudspeaker located the closest to where the sound was perceived. The root mean square error was calculated for the left-right experiment, and the percentage of FB errors was used as a FB performance measure. Results were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: For the left-right localization task, no significant differences could be proven between the unaided condition and both partial directional schemes and the omnidirectional scheme. The soft forward-oriented system and the asymmetric system did show a detrimental effect compared with the unaided condition. On average, localization was worst when users used the asymmetric condition. Analysis of the results of the FB experiment showed good performance, similar to unaided, with both the partial directional systems and the asymmetric configuration. Significantly worse performance was found with the omnidirectional and the omnidirectional soft forward-oriented BTE systems compared with the other hearing-aid systems. Conclusions: Bilaterally fitted partial directional systems preserve (part of) the binaural cues necessary for left-right localization and introduce, preserve, or enhance useful spectral cues that allow FB disambiguation. Omnidirectional systems, although good for left-right localization, do not provide the user with enough spectral information for an optimal FB localization performance.
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Alam, Arif, Khaled al Qawasmeh, Maria Aamir, and Philip L. McCarthy. "Multiple Myeloma Therapy in Tawam Hospital. First Report from United Arab Emirates (UAE)." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 5652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-110503.
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Abstract Introduction: Plasma cell disorders are a heterogeneous group of disease ranging from Monocloncal gammopathy of unknown significance to Multiple myeloma (MM) and the highly lethal plasma cell leukemia. The prognosis and therapy of MM has been revolutionized in the past two decades with the introduction of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and the monoclonal antibodies. The standard of care for induction has been become a triplet regimen lately. Here we describe our experience with the management of MM patients. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of Thirty-five patients who were seen with diagnosis with plasma cell disorders from January 1, 2016 till June 30th 2018 at our center in the UAE. Patients with solitary plasmacytoma and plasma cell leukemia were excluded from further analysis (N=3). Thirty-two patients were included in the analysis. Results: The median age was 58 years (range 26 to 94 years). Male to female ratio was 3:1. Biochemical classification showed ten patients with light chain disease only. Twelve patients had IgG kappa disease, eight had IgG lambda while there was one with IgA lambda disease and one was non-secretory with diffuse plasmacytomas. ISS staging (based on albumin and Beta 2 microglobulin) showed ISS stage 1=7, ISS stage 2= 13, ISS stage 3=8 and data was not available for four patients (diagnosed elsewhere). Cytogenetic risk stratification was not possible due to lack of access to interphase FISH. Seven patients did not receive any therapy either due to refusal for further investigation and therapy or poor performance status and comorbidities. Four of these seven have expired while the other three have been lost to follow-up. Twenty-four patients were given induction therapy with a Bortezomib (V)-based regimen while one received IMIDs-based treatment. Regimens and patient numbers are as follows: RVd (Lenalidomide/V/dexamethasone) (N=16), PVd (pomalidomide instead of R due to renal insufficiency) (N=1), V/thalidomide (T) (N=1), VCd (N=2; one for secondary amyloidosis) and Vd (N=4) (poor performance status and/or comorbidities). All patients were given zoledronic acid as well as herpes zoster prophylaxis. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis was prescribed based on published guidelines. Response evaluation was performed in patients receiving at least four cycles of therapy: CR(N=7); Very Good Partial Remission (VGPR) (N=6); Partial Response (PR) (N=5) and not evaluable for response due to lack of data (N=7). Five patients were documented to have received autologous stem cell transplant (autoSCT). Seven patients, lost to follow up after induction presumably received an autoSCT. Conclusion: This is the first report on the management of MM patients in UAE. With a median follow-up of 216 days (range 3 to 839 days) the response rate to induction therapy was 72% (CR+ VGPR). We are unable to report progression free survival due to short follow-up. This response rate of 72% (VGPR or better) is less than the reported in the literature. This may partly be due to lack of patient data regarding induction therapy elsewhere, the use of double over triplet regimens and the absence of autoSCT facilities. Outcome measurement is a difficult task due to tendency of local citizens to travel outside UAE for treatment and the transient nature of the large expatriate population (88% of the total population of approximately 5.4 million) We are working on developing an infrastructure for consistent testing (CD138-selected FISH, consistent staging, use of PET-CT and bone marrow MRI as well as developing auto SCT facilities). We have formulated a uniform treatment plan based on weekly RVd based therapy for 16 weeks as induction followed by recommendation for Auto SCT. If auto SCT is not possible then patients will continue RVd therapy for a total of 12 cycles followed by maintenance lenalidomide till progression. The standardization of diagnosis, therapeutic approach and follow-up should optimize the care and outcomes of UAE MM patients. Disclosures McCarthy: Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria.
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Jalali, Alireza, Mastura Jaafar, and Nur Izzati Hidzir. "Indirect effect of workplace bullying on emotional exhaustion through job insecurity among Malaysian workers." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 7 (January 2, 2020): 1325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-11-2018-0182.
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Purpose Although workplace bullying has often been considered a significant source of health-related problems, only a handful of studies have deeply examined this relationship. This paper aims to fill this gap by inspecting the direct as well as indirect relationships between bullying and emotional exhaustion. This study also explores the buffering role of religion between job insecurity and emotional exhaustion. Design/methodology/approach This correlational paper used the quantitative method of data collection (N = 102) from employees in Malaysia and used SmartPLS to analyze the data. To operationalize workplace bullying as the second-order factor, partial least squares was used to estimate the two-stage model through the repeated use of a manifest variable. Findings The result of the current study showed that workplace bullying has a positive impact on job insecurity as well as emotional exhaustion while also having a positive indirect effect on emotional exhaustion through job insecurity. Moreover, the result of this study reveals that religion has a moderating (buffering) influence on the relationship between job insecurity and emotional exhaustion. Research limitations/implications The study merely applied self-report measures, thus potentially involving the common method variance problems. Practical implications Human resource professionals must be aware that employees who are exposed to bullying actions may consider emotional exhaustion and job security needs to be restored among targets. For instance, they need to ensure that no unwanted and illegitimate relocation or alternation of work task has occurred. Furthermore, it is significant to encourage employees to regularly attend religious services because religious involvement could foster mental health, in part by lowering the risk of exposure to stressful life events such as job insecurity. Originality/value This study could be beneficial for organizations and researchers looking to address emotional exhaustion, security and bullying in a context broader than physical health and may further supplement the discussions around workplace bullying, mental health and religion.
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Ehrbar, Rolf, Kurt Bollmann, and Pierre Mollet. "Ein Sonderwaldreservat für das Auerhuhn – das Beispiel Amden (Kanton St. Gallen) | A special forest reserve for the capercaillie – the model of Amden (Canton St Gallen)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 162, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2011.0011.
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Due to a national species action plan, in Switzerland the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) stands in the center of the forestry measures taken to promote the preservation of biodiversity in mountain forests. Special forest reserves are suitable instruments for the conservation of capercaillie because the consecutive reduction of standing stock is the most important measure to improve the species' habitat quality in Swiss forests. In this article, we describe the ecological conditions, fundamentals and the instruments used to delineate the special forest reserve of Amden (Canton St Gallen, Swiss Pre-Alps) in 2006. Further, we report the planning of the measures and the first experiences with the actions done. The special forest reserve encompasses a national priority area for capercaillie conservation and has a surface of 1772 ha. Forest, particularly high-montane fir-beech forest and high-montane fir-spruce forest, interspersed with many mires and fens, covers 55 percent. For the planning we used an area-wide map of forest stands and one showing habitat suitability. We derived the measures that have to be taken in the near future by comparing the actual and the target state of the forest stands on eleven habitat reference areas. The range of the measures includes thinning for regeneration, the creation of flight and escape aisles, the partial clearing of the proximity of roosting trees, the regulation of young growth in favour of conifers, the planting of silver firs, forest edge improvements, increasing the number of lying logs and pulling down trunks. Until the end of 2009 52 harvests had been done with a volume of 14000 m3, 8 ha of young growth were tended and 3700 young silver firs planted. The procedure has worked well during the first four project years. But only success control regarding the development of habitat quality and the species' population response will show how effective the management concept was. The newly developed principle of habitat reference areas that has been applied for the first time will provide valuable support for such a task ten years after the first measures have been taken.
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Mirjat, M. S., D. A. Rose, and M. A. Adey. "Desalinisation by zone leaching: laboratory investigations in a model sand-tank." Soil Research 46, no. 2 (2008): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07112.
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We report a laboratory study in a model sand-tank to investigate improvements using partial ponding over the common method of leaching salts from soils by flooding the entire area above equally spaced subsurface drains. The physical basis of the theory developed by E. G. Youngs and P. B. Leeds-Harrison was demonstrated in the model. We traced the streamline patterns for complete ponding and 3 situations of partial ponding of the soil surface to demonstrate the flow paths. We also leached saline water, initially uniformly distributed in the sand, with sweet water and recorded the breakthrough curves of the leaching water for the same situations of complete and partial ponding. The results demonstrate that partial ponding is more effective than complete ponding in that it requires less time to carry solute towards the drain and saves water of good quality needed to leach salts through drains. They also confirm the theoretical findings that more uniform leaching with less water can be achieved by constraining the infiltrating area with bunds, initially flooding only the region midway between the drains and then progressively increasing the flooded area until the entire surface above the drains is ponded.