Journal articles: 'Partial odds'

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Peterson, Bercedis, and Frank E. Harrell. "Partial Proportional Odds Models for Ordinal Response Variables." Applied Statistics 39, no. 2 (1990): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2347760.

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ADELO, Belete, and Shibru TEMESGEN. "Undernutritional Status of Children in Ethiopia: Application of Partial Proportional Odds Model." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Biostatistics 7, no. 2 (2015): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/biostatic.2015-47184.

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O'Connell, Ann A., and Xing Liu. "Model Diagnostics for Proportional and Partial Proportional Odds Models." Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2011): 139–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1304223240.

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Gao, Xiaoming, Todd A. Schwartz, John S. Preisser, and Jamie Perin. "GEEORD: A SAS macro for analyzing ordinal response variables with repeated measures through proportional odds, partial proportional odds, or non-proportional odds models." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 150 (October 2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.07.008.

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Soon, Jan-Jan. "The determinants of students' return intentions: A partial proportional odds model." Journal of Choice Modelling 3, no. 2 (2010): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1755-5345(13)70037-x.

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Williams, Richard. "Generalized Ordered Logit/Partial Proportional Odds Models for Ordinal Dependent Variables." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 6, no. 1 (February 2006): 58–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x0600600104.

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Verwaeren, Jan, Willem Waegeman, and Bernard De Baets. "Learning partial ordinal class memberships with kernel-based proportional odds models." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 56, no. 4 (April 2012): 928–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2010.12.007.

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Chen, Hui-Hua, Wan-Hua Ting, Ho-Hsiung Lin, and Sheng-Mou Hsiao. "Predictors of Lymphoceles in Women Who Underwent Laparotomic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Early Gynecologic Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060936.

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Background: Lymphoceles could represent a detrimental complication after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Our aim was to elucidate predictors of lymphoceles. Methods: Between 2011 and 2017, medical records of consecutive women who underwent laparotomic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for FIGO stage I or II gynecologic cancer were reviewed. Results: A total of 204 women, including those with lymphoceles (n = 31) and symptomatic lymphoceles (n = 7), were reviewed. According to multivariable analysis, parity (odds ratio = 0.59, p = 0.003), adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy (odds ratio = 2.60, p = 0.039), and peritoneal nonclosure without pelvic drainage (odds ratio = 2.31, p = 0.048) were predictors of lymphoceles. In addition, parity (odds ratio = 0.73, p = 0.03), hypertension (odds ratio = 2.62, p = 0.02), and peritoneal partial closure with pelvic drainage (odds ratio = 0.27, p = 0.02) were predictors of complications. Conclusion: Low parity, adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy, and peritoneal nonclosure without pelvic drainage were associated with increased lymphocele formation. In addition, a lower complication rate was found in the peritoneal partial closure with pelvic drainage group; thus, peritoneal partial closure with pelvic drainage might be suggested for women who undergo laparotomic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

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Nisengwe, Jean François Régis, Adam Willcox, and Liem Tran. "Perceptions of Natural Resources Use in Rwanda - A Partial Proportional Odds Model." East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (September 16, 2021): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.3.1.412.

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The scarcity of natural resources is a challenge in Rwanda. Although Rwanda has improved water supplies, projections show a further increase in water demand. Particularly, agriculture continues to place further demands on water resources through intensification and industrialization. Similarly, although the dependence on biomass for cooking has improved over the past two decades in Rwanda, the ratio is still high and is projected to increase. Unfortunately, the heavy dependence on biomass is damaging to the environment in general, forests in particular. As the consumption of water and charcoal increases, it is important to study how people perceive their consumption. Research shows that people who perceive their consumption of natural resources are more likely to conserve them as they can see how much they are consuming. This study investigated perceptions of water and charcoal consumption among farmers in northern Rwanda. A survey was used to collect data from 323 farmers involved in a poultry development project in the district of Musanze, northern Rwanda. A Partial Proportional Odds Model (PPOM) was used to analyse the effect of different factors on the perception of natural resource consumption. Results indicate that the perception of charcoal consumption was associated with three variables: living in the urban section of the district, the amount of feed consumed by chicken, and elevation at which the coop is located. Results from this study can improve how food security projects are implemented by incorporating people’s perceptions of their consumption of natural resources.

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Fullerton, Andrew S., and Jun Xu. "The proportional odds with partial proportionality constraints model for ordinal response variables." Social Science Research 41, no. 1 (January 2012): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.09.003.

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Fair, Martha E., Pierre Lalonde, and Howard B. Newcombe. "Application of exact ODDS for partial agreements of names in record linkage." Computers and Biomedical Research 24, no. 1 (February 1991): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4809(91)90013-m.

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Fullerton, Andrew S., and Jun Xu. "Constrained and Unconstrained Partial Adjacent Category Logit Models for Ordinal Response Variables." Sociological Methods & Research 47, no. 2 (November 12, 2015): 169–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124115613781.

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Adjacent category logit models are ordered regression models that focus on comparisons of adjacent categories. These models are particularly useful for ordinal response variables with categories that are of substantive interest. In this article, we consider unconstrained and constrained versions of the partial adjacent category logit model, which is an extension of the traditional model that relaxes the proportional odds assumption for a subset of independent variables. In the unconstrained partial model, the variables without proportional odds have coefficients that freely vary across cutpoint equations, whereas in the constrained partial model two or more of these variables have coefficients that vary by common factors. We improve upon an earlier formulation of the constrained partial adjacent category model by introducing a new estimation method and conceptual justification for the model. Additionally, we discuss the connections between partial adjacent category models and other models within the adjacent approach, including stereotype logit and multinomial logit. We show that the constrained and unconstrained partial models differ only in terms of the number of dimensions required to describe the effects of variables with nonproportional odds. Finally, we illustrate the partial adjacent category logit models with empirical examples using data from the international social survey program and the general social survey.

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Kim, Dae-Young, Scott W. Phillips, and Stephen A. Bishopp. "Exploring the police use of force continuum with a partial proportional odds model." Policing: An International Journal 45, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-08-2021-0105.

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PurposeThe present study examines a range of police force on the continuum (firearms, TASER/chemical spray and physical force) to see whether they are associated with individual (subject and officer), situational and/or neighborhood factors.Design/methodology/approachA partial proportional odds model is used to analyze police use of force data from 2003 to 2016 in Dallas. Independent variables are allowed for varying effects across the different cumulative dichotomizations of the dependent variable (firearms vs TASER/chemical spray and physical force and firearms and TASER/chemical spray vs physical force).FindingsMost officer demographic and situational factors are consistently significant across the cumulative dichotomizations of police force. In addition, suspect race/ethnicity (Hispanic) and violent crime rates play significant roles when officers make decisions to use firearms, as opposed to TASER/chemical spray and physical force. Overall, situational variables (subject gun possession and contact types) play greater roles than other variables in affecting police use of force.Originality/valueDespite the large body of police use of force research, little to no research has used the partial proportional odds model to examine the ordinal nature of police force from physical to intermediate to deadly force. The current findings can provide important implications for policy and research.

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Lu, Xi, Zhuanglin Ma, Steven I.-Jy Chien, and Ying Xiong. "Development of a Partial Proportional Odds Model for Pedestrian Injury Severity at Intersections." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 32, no. 4 (July 23, 2020): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v32i4.3428.

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Pedestrian injury in crashes at intersections often results from complex interaction among various factors. The factor identification is a critical task for understanding the causes and improving the pedestrian safety. A total of 2,614 crash records at signalized and non-signalized intersections were applied. A Partial Proportional Odds (PPO) model was developed to examine the factors influencing Pedestrian Injury Severity (PIS) because it can accommodate the ordered response nature of injury severity. An elasticity analysis was conducted to quantify the marginal effects of contributing factors on the likelihood of PIS. For signalized intersections, seven explanatory variables significantly affect the likelihood of PIS, in which five explanatory variables violate the Proportional Odds Assumption (POA). Local driver, truck, holiday, clear weather, and hit-and-run lead to higher likelihood of severer PIS. For non-signalized intersections, six explanatory variables were found significant to the PIS, in which three explanatory variables violate the POA. Young and adult drivers, senior pedestrian, bus/van, divided road, holiday, and darkness tend to increase the likelihood of severer PIS. The vehicles of large size and heavy weight (e.g. truck, bus/van) are significant factors to the PIS at both signalized and non-signalized intersections. The proposed PPO model has demonstrated its effectiveness in identifying the effects of contributing factors on the PIS.

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Mooradian, James, John N. Ivan, Nalini Ravishanker, and Shan Hu. "Analysis of driver and passenger crash injury severity using partial proportional odds models." Accident Analysis & Prevention 58 (September 2013): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.04.022.

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Sasidharan, Lekshmi, and Mónica Menéndez. "Partial proportional odds model—An alternate choice for analyzing pedestrian crash injury severities." Accident Analysis & Prevention 72 (November 2014): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.07.025.

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Vrijens, Bernard, Robert Gross, and John Urquhart. "The Odds that Clinically Unrecognized Poor or Partial Adherence Confuses Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analyses." Basic Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology 96, no. 3 (March 2005): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto960312.x.

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Sasidharan, Lekshmi, and Mónica Menéndez. "Application of partial proportional odds model for analyzing pedestrian crash injury severities in Switzerland." Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 11, no. 1 (August 17, 2017): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2017.1354238.

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Abreu, Mery Natali Silva, Arminda Lucia Siqueira, Clareci Silva Cardoso, and Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa. "Ordinal logistic regression models: application in quality of life studies." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 24, suppl 4 (2008): s581—s591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2008001600010.

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Quality of life has been increasingly emphasized in public health research in recent years. Typically, the results of quality of life are measured by means of ordinal scales. In these situations, specific statistical methods are necessary because procedures such as either dichotomization or misinformation on the distribution of the outcome variable may complicate the inferential process. Ordinal logistic regression models are appropriate in many of these situations. This article presents a review of the proportional odds model, partial proportional odds model, continuation ratio model, and stereotype model. The fit, statistical inference, and comparisons between models are illustrated with data from a study on quality of life in 273 patients with schizophrenia. All tested models showed good fit, but the proportional odds or partial proportional odds models proved to be the best choice due to the nature of the data and ease of interpretation of the results. Ordinal logistic models perform differently depending on categorization of outcome, adequacy in relation to assumptions, goodness-of-fit, and parsimony.

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Reddy, UD, R. Pillai, RA Parker, J. Weston, NA Burgess, ETS Ho, RD Mills, and MA Rochester. "Prediction of complications after partial nephrectomy by RENAL nephrometry score." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 96, no. 6 (September 2014): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588414x13946184903522.

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Introduction Discussing and planning the appropriate management for suspicious renal masses can be challenging. With the development of nephrometry scoring methods, we aimed to evaluate the ability of the RENAL nephrometry score to predict both the incidence of postoperative complications and the change in renal function after a partial nephrectomy. Methods This was a retrospective study including 128 consecutive patients who underwent a partial nephrectomy (open and laparoscopic) for renal lesions in a tertiary UK referral centre. Univariate and multivariate ordinal regression models were used to identify associations between Clavien–Dindo classification and explanatory variables. The Kendall rank correlation coefficient was used to examine an association between RENAL nephrometry score and a drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) following surgery. Results An increase in the RENAL nephrometry score of one point resulted in greater odds of being in a higher Clavien–Dindo classification after controlling for RENAL suffix and type of surgical procedure (odds ratio [OR]: 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.64, p=0.043). Furthermore, a patient with the RENAL suffix ‘p’ (ie posterior location of tumour) had increased odds of developing more serious complications (OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.07–6.30, p=0.042). A correlation was shown between RENAL nephrometry score and postoperative drop in eGFR (Kendall’s tau coefficient -0.24, p=0.004). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study that has shown the predictive ability of the RENAL nephrometry scoring system in a UK cohort both in terms of postoperative complications and change in renal function.

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Toran Pour, Alireza, Sara Moridpour, Richard Tay, and Abbas Rajabifard. "A Partial Proportional Odds Model for Pedestrian Crashes at Mid-Blocks in Melbourne Metropolitan Area." MATEC Web of Conferences 81 (2016): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20168102020.

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Wang, Xuesong, and Mohamed Abdel-Aty. "Analysis of left-turn crash injury severity by conflicting pattern using partial proportional odds models." Accident Analysis & Prevention 40, no. 5 (September 2008): 1674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.06.001.

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Newcombe, H. B., M. E. Fair, and P. Lalonde. "Discriminating Powers of Partial Agreements of Names for Linking Personal Records." Methods of Information in Medicine 28, no. 02 (April 1989): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635550.

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Abstract:Machines have difficulty when using people’s names to link medical and other records pertaining to the same individuals because of nicknames, ethnic synonyms, truncations, misspellings and typographical errors. Present algorithms used to compute the discriminating powers (or ODDS) associated with partial agreements of names are based, inappropriately, on the degrees of outward similarity alone. They are particularly ineffective in dealing with names that look alike but are unrelated, and with related names that have little apparent similarity. A fundamentally different rationale is, therefore, proposed which, like the human mind, assesses the relatedness of two alternative forms of a name in terms of how often they are used, interchangeably in practice. This must be taken into account if the associated discriminating powers (ODDS) are to be correctly computed. A way of implementing this more precise approach is described and illustrated, using the given names on linked records from an earlier epidemiological study. This first study of two describes the logical basis for record linkage, a second one the empirical test.

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Ives, Natalie J., Rebecca L. Stowe, Paul Lorigan, and Keith Wheatley. "Chemotherapy Compared With Biochemotherapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma: A Meta-Analysis of 18 Trials Involving 2,621 Patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 34 (December 1, 2007): 5426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.12.0253.

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Purpose To assess the effect of adding interferon-α (IFN) ± interleukin-2 (IL-2) to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma. Methods A published data meta-analysis of trials of biochemotherapy versus chemotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma was undertaken. End points evaluated were rates of partial response (PR), complete response (CR) and overall (partial + complete) response (OR); response duration; progression-free survival; overall survival (OS); and toxicity. The only subgroup analysis performed was by type of immunotherapy, with trials divided according to whether IFN only or IFN and IL-2 were administered in the biochemotherapy arm. Results Eighteen randomized trials were identified: 11 trials of chemotherapy ± IFN and seven trials of chemotherapy ± IFN and IL-2. More than 2,600 patients were entered onto the trials, with 555 responses and 2,039 deaths. There was a clear benefit for biochemotherapy for PR (odds ratio = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.82; P = .0001), CR (odds ratio = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.73; P = .0003) and OR (odds ratio = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.72; P < .00001). For OR, these benefits were significant for both the IFN (odds ratio = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.79; P = .0002) and IFN + IL-2 (odds ratio = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.77; P = .0001) subgroups. In contrast, there was no benefit overall in OS (odds ratio = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.08; P = .9), but there was evidence of heterogeneity of treatment effect between the individual trials (P = .006). Conclusion This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive summary of all the data currently available, and shows that although biochemotherapy clearly improves response rates, this does not appear to translate into a survival benefit.

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Preisser, J. S., A. E. Sanders, and R. H. Lyles. "Differential Misclassification of Disease under Partial-Mouth Sampling." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 3, no. 4 (June 12, 2018): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084418781508.

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Aim: The effect of misclassification of a cluster-level dichotomous outcome (disease) due to partial-cluster sampling on its association with a dichotomous exposure is investigated. Methods: Disease (e.g., chronic periodontitis) is deemed to exist in a cluster (e.g., full mouth) when a condition of interest (e.g., pocket depth or clinical attachment loss exceeding an established threshold) is present in number and pattern across observations (e.g., tooth sites) in the cluster according to a specific criterion. When a subset of observations within each cluster is selected (i.e., partial-mouth sampling), specificity of disease is 100% (in the absence of site-level measurement error), whereas sensitivity is imperfect and generally unknown. Using conditional probability arguments, we investigate disease misclassification under partial-cluster sampling and its impact on the estimated disease-exposure association when the exposure is cluster level and measured without error. Results: When the probability of disease varies by exposure status, outcome misclassification at the cluster level is differential under partial-cluster sampling and depends on 1) the partial recording protocol, including the number of observations sampled and the particular sites selected in a cluster; 2) the joint probability structure of the condition within clusters; and 3) the criterion for disease. A numeric example demonstrates that disease-exposure odds ratios under partial-cluster random sampling can be biased in either direction (toward or away from the null) relative to gold-standard odds ratios under full-cluster sampling. Conclusions: In general, misclassification of disease is differential under partial-cluster sampling. In particular, sensitivity and negative predictive values depend on exposure status, which leads to biased inference. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Partial-mouth sampling causes disease misclassification probabilities, including sensitivity, to vary by exposure groups when disease prevalence differs between groups. As a result, disease-exposure associations may be under- or overestimated by standard analysis procedures for periodontal data relative to full-mouth estimates. Procedures that address bias are needed for partial-recording protocols.

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Nagao, Kazuhiro, Shigeru Sakano, Nakanori Fujii, Keita Kobayashi, Ryo Inoue, Yoshiaki Yamamoto, Hiroaki Matsumoto, and Hideyasu Matsuyama. "Who could be appropriate candidates for partial nephrectomy in localized renal cell carcinoma? Selection by preoperative factors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 2_suppl (January 10, 2016): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.542.

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542 Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for the cardiovascular disease, which affect to the patients’ survival, while an EORTC randomized control trial did not show superiority of partial nephrectomy (PN) against localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in overall survival compared to radical nephrectomy (RN). We aimed to evaluate the role of operative methods affecting the survival and tried to estimate a predictive model for high risk CKD after surgery. Methods: We reviewed the data of 357 cases with clinical T1 RCC treated by RN (292 cases, RN group) or PN (65 cases, PN group) at Yamaguchi University Hospital or its related hospitals. We supposed the cases with CKD stage 3b or higher after surgery as high risk CKD. And we set the primary endpoints as the ratio of the cases with high risk CKD and overall survival after surgery. Results: Median follow-up period after surgery was 70 months (3-161). Statistically significant difference in performance status and clinical T stage were observed between the groups, but not in other patients’ characteristics. Mean values of preoperative eGFR were 69.2 and 65.5 ml/min/1.73m2 in RN and PN group, which decreased to 46.0 and 57.9 at 5 years after surgery, respectively. There was a significant difference in the incidence of high risk CKD between RN (39.3%) and PN group (2.2%) at 5 years after surgery. During follow up period, 17 cases (4.4%) were inducted to dialysis, there was no difference in the incidence between the RN and PN group. Multivariate analysis showed that eGFR ( < 72 ml/min/1.73m2; Odds ratio 15.3), proteinuria (Odds ratio 3.84), smoking (Odds ratio 2.76), BMI ( > 23; Odds ratio 2.66) and age ( > 67 years old; Odds ratio 2.47) could be significant predictive factors for high risk CKD at 5years after surgery. Our predicting model for high risk CKD showed 86.8% of sensitivity and 74.8% of specificity. But there was no significant difference in overall survival between the RN and PN group. Conclusions: Although there was a significant difference in the incidence of high risk CKD between RN and PN group, operative methods did not affect to the survival. Postoperative high risk CKD could be predictable by preoperative clinical factors.

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Mayer, Adam, and Michelle Foster. "Understanding Recession and Self-Rated Health with the Partial Proportional Odds Model: An Analysis of 26 Countries." PLOS ONE 10, no. 10 (October 29, 2015): e0140724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140724.

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Akbar, Muhammad, Rizwan Niaz, and Muhammad Amjad. "Determinants of households’ food insecurity with severity dimensions in Pakistan: Varying estimates using partial proportional odds model." Health & Social Care in the Community 28, no. 5 (April 17, 2020): 1698–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12995.

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Li, Yang, and Wei (David) Fan. "Pedestrian Injury Severities in Pedestrian-Vehicle Crashes and the Partial Proportional Odds Logit Model: Accounting for Age Difference." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (April 12, 2019): 731–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119842828.

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This study investigates factors that significantly contribute to the severity of pedestrian injuries resulting from pedestrian-vehicle crashes. Multinomial logit (MNL) models, mixed logit (ML) models, and ordered logit/probit models have been widely used in modeling crash injury severity, including pedestrian injury severity in pedestrian-vehicle crashes. However, both MNL and ML models treat injury severity levels as non-ordered, ignoring the inherent hierarchical nature of crash injury severities, and the data used in ordered logit models need to be strictly subjected to the proportional odds (PO) assumption. In this study, a partial proportional odds (PPO) logit model approach is employed to explore the issues of pedestrian safety associated with each age group: young (aged under 24), middle-aged (aged 25–55), and older pedestrians (aged over 55). Data used in this study are police-reported pedestrian crash data collected from 2007 to 2014 in North Carolina. A variety of motorist, pedestrian, environmental, and roadway characteristics are inspected. Results from likelihood ratio tests statistically show the better performance of developing separate injury severity models for each age group compared with estimating a single model utilizing all data. Relevant parameter estimates and associated marginal effects are used to interpret the results, followed by recommendations made in the concluding section.

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Huang, Saijun, Xin Wang, Tao Sun, Hong Yu, Yanwei Liao, Muqing Cao, Li Cai, et al. "Association of Breastfeeding for the First Six Months of Life and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A National Multi-Center Study in China." Nutrients 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010045.

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Previous studies have shown that exclusive breastfeeding is associated with lower odds of having autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children, but data are lacking in Asian countries, especially China. This cross-sectional study of seven cities in China collected data from August 2016 to March 2017 from 6049 toddlers aged 16–30 months and their parents who responded to questionnaires. The breastfeeding status was collected via questionnaires based on recommendations from the World Health Organization. The standard procedure for screening and diagnosis was applied to identify toddlers with ASD. Among the 6049 toddlers (3364 boys [55.6%]; mean [SD] age, 22.7 [4.1] months), 71 toddlers (1.2%) were identified as ASD. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding, and not breastfeeding was 48.8%, 42.2%, and 9.1%, respectively. Compared to toddlers with exclusive breastfeeding, toddlers with partial breastfeeding or without breastfeeding had higher odds of having ASD (odd ratios [OR]: 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–2.74; OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.10–4.82). We did not find significant modification of demographic characteristics on the associations. The results remained robust in multiple sensitivity analyses. Toddlers without breastfeeding for the first six months of life had higher odds of having ASD, and our findings shed light on the necessity of strengthening public health efforts to increase exclusive breastfeeding in China.

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Farooq, Umer, Diana Franco, Zahid Tarar, and Faiz Anwer. "Outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in obese patients: Insights from a nationwide database." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e16178-e16178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e16178.

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e16178 Background: Obesity is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), affecting mortality and post-surgical outcomes. Growing epidemiological obesity trends parallel the constant rise of HCC incidence. Therefore, we sought to examine outcomes of HCC in obese patients. Methods: We investigated the National Inpatient Sample and National Readmission Database 2018-2019 using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for adult patients with HCC. Analyses were performed using STATA (v 14.2), considering 2 sided P< 0.05 as statistically significant. Proportions were compared using Fisher exact test and continuous variables using Student’s t-test. Confounding variables were adjusted using multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses. Results: Obese patients with HCC had lower odds of inpatient mortality and higher odds of hospice discharge ( P< 0.05). Obesity was associated with a higher length of stay (LOS) by 0.90 days and hospital cost by 5,453 USD ( P< 0.01). We found higher odds of acute renal failure (Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.37, P< 0.01) and a higher prevalence of HCV, smoking, and alcohol use in obese patients. There were no differences in lobectomy, partial hepatectomy, or transarterial radioembolization; however, higher odds of liver transplant were observed (aOR 1.82, P< 0.01). A higher proportion of obese HCC patients had lymph nodes metastasis (6.43% vs. 6.08%, P:0.64). Rates of respiratory problems, ICU admission, cardiac arrest, HIV, DVT, myocardial infarction, and stroke were not different between the two groups ( P> 0.05). Conclusions: Obese patients with HCC appear to have an advanced stage at presentation leading to lower rates of lobectomy, partial hepatectomy, and TARE and higher rates of liver transplant and hospice utilization. Future studies need to address the barriers leading to delays in diagnosis.[Table: see text]

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Farooq, Umer, Diana Franco, Zahid Tarar, and Faiz Anwer. "Outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in obese patients: Insights from a nationwide database." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e16178-e16178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e16178.

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e16178 Background: Obesity is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), affecting mortality and post-surgical outcomes. Growing epidemiological obesity trends parallel the constant rise of HCC incidence. Therefore, we sought to examine outcomes of HCC in obese patients. Methods: We investigated the National Inpatient Sample and National Readmission Database 2018-2019 using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for adult patients with HCC. Analyses were performed using STATA (v 14.2), considering 2 sided P< 0.05 as statistically significant. Proportions were compared using Fisher exact test and continuous variables using Student’s t-test. Confounding variables were adjusted using multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses. Results: Obese patients with HCC had lower odds of inpatient mortality and higher odds of hospice discharge ( P< 0.05). Obesity was associated with a higher length of stay (LOS) by 0.90 days and hospital cost by 5,453 USD ( P< 0.01). We found higher odds of acute renal failure (Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.37, P< 0.01) and a higher prevalence of HCV, smoking, and alcohol use in obese patients. There were no differences in lobectomy, partial hepatectomy, or transarterial radioembolization; however, higher odds of liver transplant were observed (aOR 1.82, P< 0.01). A higher proportion of obese HCC patients had lymph nodes metastasis (6.43% vs. 6.08%, P:0.64). Rates of respiratory problems, ICU admission, cardiac arrest, HIV, DVT, myocardial infarction, and stroke were not different between the two groups ( P> 0.05). Conclusions: Obese patients with HCC appear to have an advanced stage at presentation leading to lower rates of lobectomy, partial hepatectomy, and TARE and higher rates of liver transplant and hospice utilization. Future studies need to address the barriers leading to delays in diagnosis.[Table: see text]

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Ghosh, Karthik, Lynn C. Hartmann, Carol Reynolds, Daniel W. Visscher, Kathleen R. Brandt, Robert A. Vierkant, Christopher G. Scott, et al. "Association Between Mammographic Density and Age-Related Lobular Involution of the Breast." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 13 (May 1, 2010): 2207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.23.4120.

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Purpose Mammographic density and lobular involution are both significant risk factors for breast cancer, but whether these reflect the same biology is unknown. We examined the involution and density association in a large benign breast disease (BBD) cohort. Patients and Methods Women in the Mayo Clinic BBD cohort who had a mammogram within 6 months of BBD diagnosis were eligible. The proportion of normal lobules that were involuted was categorized by an expert pathologist as no (0%), partial (1% to 74%), or complete involution (≥ 75%). Mammographic density was estimated as the four-category parenchymal pattern. Statistical analyses adjusted for potential confounders and evaluated modification by parity and age. We corroborated findings in a sample of women with BBD from the Mayo Mammography Health Study (MMHS) with quantitative percent density (PD) and absolute dense and nondense area estimates. Results Women in the Mayo BBD cohort (n = 2,667) with no (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.3) or partial (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.6) involution had greater odds of high density (DY pattern) than those with complete involution (P trend < .01). There was no evidence for effect modification by age or parity. Among 317 women with BBD in the MMHS study, there was an inverse association between involution and PD (mean PD, 22.4%, 21.6%, 17.2%, for no, partial, and complete, respectively; P trend = .04) and a strong positive association of involution with nondense area (P trend < .01). No association was seen between involution and dense area (P trend = .56). Conclusion We present evidence of an inverse association between involution and mammographic density.

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Izawa, Naoya, Kohei Tsuchida, Keiichi Tominaga, Koh Fukushi, Fumi Sakuma, Ken Kashima, Yasuhito Kunogi, et al. "Factors Affecting Technical Difficulty in Balloon Enteroscopy-Assisted Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Patients with Surgically Altered Anatomy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10051100.

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Success rates of balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (BE-ERCP) for patients with a reconstructed intestinal tract after surgical procedures are unsatisfactory. We retrospectively investigated the factors associated with unsuccessful BE-ERCP. Ninety-one patients who had a reconstructed intestinal tract after gastrectomy or choledochojejunostomy were enrolled. Age, sex, operative method, malignancy, endoscope type, endoscopist’s skill, emergency procedure, and time required to reach the papilla/anastomosis were examined. The primary endpoints were the factors associated with unsuccessful BE-ERCP selective cannulation, while the secondary endpoints were the rate of reaching the papilla/anastomosis, causes of failure to reach the papilla/anastomosis, cannulation success rate, procedure success rate, and rate of adverse events. Younger age (odds ratio, 0.832; 95% CI, 0.706–0.982; p = 0.001) and Roux-en-Y partial gastrectomy (odds ratio, 54.9; 95% CI, 1.09–2763; p = 0.045) were associated with unsuccessful BE- ERCP. The rate of reaching the papilla/anastomosis was 92.3%, the success rate of biliary duct cannulation was 90.5%, procedure success rate was 78.0%, and the rate of adverse events was 5.6%. In conclusion, Roux-en-Y partial gastrectomy and younger age were associated with unsuccessful BE-ERCP. If BE-ERCP is extremely difficult to perform in such patients after Roux-en-Y partial gastrectomy, alternative procedures should be considered early.

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Chen, Chen. "The Effects of Higher Education on Life Satisfaction of Chinese Urban Residents - Interpretation Based on Partial Proportional Odds Models -." Journal of China Area Studies 9, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 197–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.34243/jcas.9.2.197.

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Wood, Lisa Anne. "Experimental subjects and partial truth telling during technological change in radiotherapy." Nursing Ethics 24, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015614881.

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Background: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), the focus of a number of radiotherapy fundraising campaigns in the mid-2000s, was introduced accompanied by a fanfare of newness and discourses of ‘hope’, ‘inspiring clinical confidence’ and ‘accuracy’. The CBCT system, used in the delivery of Radiotherapy treatment, was incorporated into strategic planning priorities across the United Kingdom based on a rationale of self-evidence. During this time, the way in which the new system was discussed with patients was variable. Research objectives: The purpose of this study was to uncover how experimental practices were embedded and enacted during the use of a new technological system, specifically relating to how patients were enrolled during introductory phases of technology adoption. Research design and context: Drawing on ethnographic work and interviews with staff members in one hospital, the study examines staff discussions prior to the introduction of the Cone-Beam CT imaging system in radiotherapy. It considers how staff views were at odds with practices that occurred during the ‘experimental’ stages of use and how these were shared with patients. Ethical considerations: Approval was obtained from the Local National Health Service Research Ethics Committee and National Health Service Main Research Ethics Committee (REC 07/Q1308/16) for the interview and ethnographic stages, respectively. All names have been changed and participants signed a consent form. Findings: Staff reported a lack of evidence, absence of proof and perturbing doubts with the X-ray volumetric imaging. Both patients’ and practitioners’ partial understanding about the risks and benefits of the system created incommensurable ideas regarding its use and what the patients’ role was during these introductory stages. Conclusion: Maintaining partial truth telling renders patients’ experiences of new treatment at odds with ‘experimental’ practice. This has wide-reaching implications for practice.

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Adam Birhan, Nigussie, and Denekew Bitew Belay. "Associated risk factors of underweight among under-five children in Ethiopia using multilevel ordinal logistic regression model." African Health Sciences 21, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i1.46.

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Background: Malnutrition is associated with both under nutrition and over nutrition which causes the body to get improp- er amount of nutrients to maintain tissues and organ function. Under nutrition is the result of insufficient intake of food, poor utilization of nutrients due to illnesses, or a combination of these factors. The purpose of this study was to identify associated risk factors and assess the variation of underweight among under-five children of different regions in Ethiopia. Methods: Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey (EDHS-2016) weight-to-age data for under-five children is used. In order to achieve the objective of this study; descriptive, single level and multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis were used. Results: From a total of 8935 children about 8.1% were severely underweight, 17.1% were moderately underweight and 74.8% were normal. The test of heterogeneity suggested that underweight varies among region and multilevel ordinal model fit data better than single level ordinal model. Conclusion: Educational level of mother, religion, birth order, type of birth, sex of child, mother body mass index, birth size of child, existence of diarrhea for last two weeks before survey, existence of fever for last two weeks before survey, duration of breast feeding, age child and wealth index had significant effect on underweight among under-five children in Ethiopia. The finding revealed that among the fitted multilevel partial proportional odds model, the random intercept model with fixed coefficients is appropriate to assess the risk factors of underweight among under-five children in Ethiopia. The findings of this study have important policy implications. The government should work closely with both the private sector and civil society to teach women to have sufficient knowledge, awareness and mechanisms of improving under-five under- weight for children’s wellbeing. Keywords: Underweight; Partial proportional odds model; Multilevel partial proportional odds model; under-five children.

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Kim, Young-Kyu, Kyu-Hak Jung, Suk-Woong Kang, Jin-Hun Hong, Ki-Yong Choi, and Ji-Uk Choi. "Relationship of the Shape of Subacromial Spur and Rotator Cuff Partial Thickness Tear." Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5397/cise.2019.22.3.139.

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Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between location of the rotator cuff tear and shape of the subacromial spur.Methods: Totally, 80 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic repair for partial thickness rotator cuff tear were enrolled for the study. Bigliani’s type of the acromion, type of subacromial spur, and location of partial thickness tear of the rotator cuff were evaluated using plain X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging. We then compared the groups of no spur with spur, and heel with traction spur.Results: Of the 80 cases, 25 cases comprised the no spur group, and 55 cases comprised the spur group. There was a significant difference in type of tear (p=0.0004) between these two groups. Bursal side tears were significantly greater (odds ratio=6.000, p=0.0007) in the spur group. Subjects belonging to the spur group were further divided into heel (38 cases) and traction spur (17 cases). Comparing these two groups revealed significant differences only in the type of tear (p=0.0001). Furthermore, the heel spur had significantly greater bursal side tear (odds ratio=29.521, p=0.0005) as compared to traction spur.Conclusions: The heel spur is more associated to bursal side tear than the traction spur, whereas the traction spur associates greater to the articular side tear.

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GEORGIEV, M., W. BEAUVAIS, and J. GUITIAN. "Effect of enhanced biosecurity and selected on-farm factors on Campylobacter colonization of chicken broilers." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 3 (November 22, 2016): 553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881600251x.

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SUMMARYHuman campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal bacterial infection in the EU; poultry meat has been identified as the main source of infection. We tested the hypothesis that enhanced biosecurity and other factors such as welfare status, breed, the practice of partial depopulation and number of empty days between flocks may prevent Campylobacter spp. caecal colonization of poultry batches at high levels (>123 000 c.f.u./g in pooled caecal samples). We analysed data from 2314 poultry batches sampled at slaughter in the UK in 2011–2013. We employed random-effects logistic regression to account for clustering of batches within farms and adjust for confounding. We estimated population attributable fractions using adjusted risk ratios. Enhanced biosecurity reduced the odds of colonization at partial depopulation [odds ratio (OR) 0·25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·14–0·47] and, to a lesser extent, at final depopulation (OR 0·47, 95% CI 0·25–0·89). An effect of the type of breed was also found. Under our assumptions, approximately 1/3 of highly colonized batches would be avoided if they were all raised under enhanced biosecurity or without partial depopulation. The results of the study indicate that on-farm measures can play an important role in reducing colonization of broiler chickens with Campylobacter spp. and as a result human exposure.

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Bukleta, Manushaqe Selmani, Dashnor Bukleta, Mimoza Selmani, and Milan Kuhar. "Frequency of complete and removable partial denture treatment in the primary health centres in three different regions of Kosovo from 2002 to 2013." Slovenian Journal of Public Health 58, no. 3 (June 26, 2019): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2019-0014.

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Abstract Introduction Edentulism and prosthodontic care are very common, especially in the elderly. The study investigated the treatment with complete dentures (CDs) and acrylic removable partial dentures (ARPDs) among people receiving new prosthodontic treatment in the Primary Health Centres of the three regions in Kosovo from 2002 to 2013. Methods The data on ARPDs delivery and CDs delivery was obtained from the archives of primary health centres from three Kosovo regions (Prizren, Peje, Ferizaj) from 2002 to 2013. The data was analysed concerning year of treatment, type of dentures, jaw, age, gender and urban or rural origin of the patients. The trend of treatment was determined, and the binomial logistic regression model was used for predicting odds of ARPD versus CD treatment by year of treatment and patient characteristics. Results From 2002 to 2013, 9,478 patients received 11,655 CDs and 4,401 ARPDs. Delivery of CDs significantly increased by 57.45 dentures per year (R2=0.609) and delivery of ARPDs by 30.39 dentures per year (R2=0.569). Each year the odds for ARPD versus CD increased by 4.2% (95% CI: 3.0%–5.4%). Younger patients have higher odds for ARPD rather than CD and odds for ARPD are decreasing as the age of patients rises. The gender, residence, and jaw all had a significant impact on prosthodontic treatment too. Conclusions In Primary Health Centres of Kosovo, there is a trend for higher frequencies of both dentures (more obvious for ARPD), and the frequency is highly dependent on the age of patients.

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Kasraoui, Abdelkader, and Karima Mekni. "Income Loss and COVID-19: Evidence from Tunisia." European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, no. 4 (July 28, 2022): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.4.1545.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze and to predict the individuals’ income loss associated with education, job sector, income brackets during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Tunisian context. A direct survey was conducted in 1842 Tunisian active worker and self-employment aged over 20 years (mean=35.61% female) between December 20, 2020, and February 8, 2021 in Grand Tunis region. Multinomial logistic regression had been used to assess the COVID-19 impact on an individual’s income change in the Tunisian context. The education attainment, job sector and income level had been mobilized to explain the income loss. We find that the education attainment, job sector and income predictor variables are statistically significant. In particular (1) the log-odds will decrease of being in ‘Partial Income Loss’ versus ‘No Income Loss’ class if the responder has a university degree. (2) The log-odds of being in ‘Partial Income Loss’ class relative to ‘No Income Loss’ class will increase if the individual is not in the Job state sector (3) The log-odds will decrease of being in ‘No Income’ versus ‘No Income Loss’ class if the responder has a secondary, or a university degree. Our predictions point out that four fifth of the responders losing their income temporarily or permanently during the year 2020. Tunisian government has to assist the vulnerable social classes and reduce the inequality between social classes.

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Phelan, Suzanne, Barbara Abrams, and Rena R. Wing. "Prenatal Intervention with Partial Meal Replacement Improves Micronutrient Intake of Pregnant Women with Obesity." Nutrients 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2019): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11051071.

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A behavioral lifestyle intervention with partial meal replacement reduced excess gestational weight gain in ethnically diverse women with overweight/obesity, but the effects on micronutrient intake remained unknown. A secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled trial tested whether the intervention improved micronutrient intake relative to usual care. Pregnant women (n = 211; 30.5 years of age, body mass index, BMI, of 32.0 kg/m2) were enrolled and randomized within site and ethnicity (40% were Hispanic) into intervention (n = 102) or usual care (n = 109) groups. Two 24 h dietary recalls were conducted on random days at study entry and late pregnancy (35–36 weeks gestation). Nutrient adequacy was defined using the Estimated Average Requirement cut-point method. At study entry and including prenatal vitamins, ≥90% of participants reported inadequate intake of vitamins D and E and iron; 40–50% reported inadequate intake of calcium, protein, vitamins A, C, B6, folate, magnesium, and zinc. From study entry to late pregnancy, the behavioral intervention with partial meal replacement increased the overall intake of vitamins A, E, and D and copper and reduced the odds of inadequate intake of calcium (odds ratio (OR) = 0.37 (0.18, 0.76)), vitamins A (OR = 0.39 (0.21, 0.72)) and E (OR = 0.17 (0.06, 0.48)), and magnesium (OR = 0.36 (0.20, 0.65)). A behavioral intervention with partial meal replacement during pregnancy improved the intake of several micronutrients in Hispanic and non-Hispanic women with overweight/obesity.

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DiGirolamo, Ann M., Jithin Sam Varghese, Maria F. Kroker-Lobos, Mónica Mazariegos, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Reynaldo Martorell, and Aryeh D. Stein. "Protein-Energy Supplementation in Early-Life Decreases the Odds of Mental Distress in Later Adulthood in Guatemala." Journal of Nutrition 152, no. 4 (January 14, 2022): 1159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxac005.

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ABSTRACT Background The prevalence of mental health concerns is growing worldwide, along with lack of access to and receipt of needed treatment. Current gaps in treatment provision have led to exploring alternative methods of prevention, with research linking nutrition and mental health, of particular relevance in low- and middle-income countries, with a high prevalence of undernutrition. Objectives To examine whether exposure to a protein-energy nutritional supplement during the first 1000 d of life decreased odds of mental distress in adulthood among men and women in Guatemala compared with receiving a low energy-no protein supplement or supplementation outside the 1000-d window. Methods Data from participants (n = 1249) in a longitudinal cohort protein-energy supplementation trial (early-life, supplementation data from 1969 to 1977, ages 0–7 y; life course, outcome data from 2017–2018 follow-up, ages 40–57 y) were analyzed for associations between nutrition in the first 1000 d and mental distress in adulthood (WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 [SRQ-20]), controlling for early-life variables and current life stress; life course variables (e.g. education) were examined as potential mediators of this relation. Generalized linear mixed models and zero-inflated Poisson generalized linear mixed models were utilized. Results Both partial and full supplementation with Atole during the first 1000 d were associated with 63% (95% CI: 0.16, 0.87) and 56% (95% CI: 0.19, 1.03) lower odds, respectively, of experiencing mental distress in adulthood. Results did not differ by sex. These inverse relations remained relatively unchanged (partial OR = 0.34 [95% CI: 0.14, 0.83]; full OR = 0.38 [95% CI: 0.16, 0.92]) after controlling for early-life and life course variables, including life stress. Conclusions Protein-energy supplementation during the first 1000 d of life in Guatemala, where undernutrition is prevalent, may reduce the prevalence of later mental distress in adulthood. This effect appears to occur directly, rather than indirectly, through pathways of life course variables such as education, wealth, and marital status.

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Sheikh, Mohd Raashid, Houssam Osman, Susannah Cheek, Shanee Hunter, and Dhiresh Rohan Jeyarajah. "Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Location Matters!" American Surgeon 82, no. 5 (May 2016): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481608200510.

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Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare. Historically, when feasible a less aggressive surgical approach is considered. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with prognosis and the necessity for more aggressive surgical procedures. All patients who underwent surgery for duodenal NETs between September 2005 and June 2014 were identified retrospectively. Data collected included clinical presentation, operative findings, and histopathological data. Eighteen patients underwent surgical management for duodenal NETs. Two patients underwent transduodenal excision (11%), two patients had partial duodenal resection (11%), two patients had antrectomy including 1st part of duodenum (D1) resection (33%), and eight underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy [PD (44%)]. On analysis, 2nd part of duodenum (D2) location was the most common site of duodenal NETs (n = 9, 50%). The odds of having a PD were 10 times higher when the lesion was in D2 location. The odds of having a positive lymph node are nine times higher when the lesion is in D2 region. The odds of having a positive lymph node are three times higher when lesion is greater than T1. D2 location of NETs is associated with higher odds of lymph node positivity and need for more extensive procedures like PD.

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Ruhotina, Nedim, Julien Dagenais, Giorgio Gandaglia, Akshay Sood, Firas Abdollah, Steven L. Chang, Jeffrey J. Leow, et al. "The impact of resident involvement in minimally-invasive urologic oncology procedures." Canadian Urological Association Journal 8, no. 9-10 (October 13, 2014): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2170.

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Introduction: Robotic and laparoscopic surgical training is an integral part of resident education in urology, yet the effect of resident involvement on outcomes of minimally-invasive urologic procedures remains largely unknown. We assess the impact of resident participation on surgical outcomes using a large multi-institutional prospective database.Methods: Relying on the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Participant User Files (2005-2011), we abstracted the 3 most frequently performed minimally-invasive urologic oncology procedures. These included radical prostatectomy, radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess the impact of trainee involvement (PGY 1-2: junior, PGY 3-4: senior, PGY ≥5: chief) versus attending-only on operative time, length-of-stay, 30-day complication, reoperation and readmission rates.Results: A total of 5459 minimally-invasive radical prostatectomies,1740 minimally-invasive radical nephrectomies and 786 minimally-invasive partial nephrectomies were performed during the study period, for which data on resident surgeon involvement was available. In multivariable analyses, resident involvement was not associated with increased odds of overall complications, reoperation, or readmission rates for minimally-invasive prostatectomy, radical and partial nephrectomy. However, operative time was prolonged when residents were involved irrespective of the type of procedure. Length-of-stay was decreased with senior resident involvement in minimally-invasive partial nephrectomies (odds ratio [OR] 0.49, p = 0.04) and prostatectomies (OR 0.68, p = 0.01). The major limitations of this study include its retrospective observational design, inability to adjust for the case complexity and surgeon/hospital characteristics, and the lack of information regarding the minimally-invasive approach utilized (whether robotic or laparoscopic).Conclusions: Resident involvement is associated with increased operative time in minimally-invasive urologic oncology procedures. However, it does not adversely affect the complication, reoperation or readmission rates, as well as length-of-stay.

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Li, Yang, and Wei (David) Fan. "Modelling the severity of pedestrian injury in pedestrian—vehicle crashes in North Carolina: A partial proportional odds logit model approach." Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 12, no. 3 (October 10, 2018): 358–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2018.1483989.

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Newcombe, H. B., M. E. Fair, and P. Lalonde. "Discriminating Powers of Partial Agreements of Names for Linking Personal Records." Methods of Information in Medicine 28, no. 02 (April 1989): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635548.

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Abstract:The preceeding paper examined the logical basis of an exact way of calculating the discriminating powers of people’s names when they only partially agree. The method has application to automated file searching and record linkage. The present account describes an empirical test of the approach. Use is made of some 2000 comparison pairs of male given names, obtained as a byproduct from an earlier linkage study. The test shows that exact value-specific ODDS can indeed be calculated for common names when compared with their accepted synonyms (e.g. JOSEPH versus JOE). Moreover, the use can be extended to include rare variants, by arranging these into groups defined in value-specific terms (e.g. as selected blocks in an alphabetically sequenced listing, or combinations of such blocks). A majority of all name comparisons may be handled in this manner.The added precision serves to reduce the numbers of records that are ambiguously linked and require labour intensive clerical resolution.

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Lee, J. P., and Z. Piotrowski. "Another note on Kempisty's generalized continuity." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 11, no. 4 (1988): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171288000808.

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Under a fairly mild completeness condition on spacesYandZwe show that everyx-continuous functionf:X×Y×Z→Mhas a substantial setC(f)of points of continuity. Some odds and ends concerning a related earlier result shown by the authors are presented. Further, a generalization ofS. Kempisty's ideas of generalized continuity on products of finitely many spaces is offered. As a corollary from the above results, a partial answer toM. Talagrand's problem is provided.

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Lam, Carlos, Mau-Roung Lin, Shu-Fen Chu, Shin-Han Tsai, Chyi-Huey Bai, and Wen-Ta Chiu. "The Effect of Various Types of Motorcycle Helmets on Cervical Spine Injury in Head Injury Patients: A Multicenter Study in Taiwan." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/487985.

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Introduction. The relationship between cervical spine injury (CSI) and helmet in head injury (HI) patients following motorcycle crashes is crucial. Controversy still exists; therefore we evaluated the effect of various types of helmets on CSI in HI patients following motorcycle crashes and researched the mechanism of this effect.Patients and Methods. A total of 5225 patients of motorcycle crashes between 2000 and 2009 were extracted from the Head Injury Registry in Taiwan. These patients were divided into case and control groups according to the presence of concomitant CSI. Helmet use and types were separately compared between the two groups and the odds ratio of CSI was obtained by using multiple logistic regression analysis.Results. We observed that 173 (3.3%) of the HI patients were associated with CSI. The HI patients using a helmet (odds ratio (OR) = 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.19−0.49), full-coverage helmet (0.19, 0.10−0.36), and partial-coverage helmet (0.35, 0.21−0.56) exhibited a significantly decreased rate of CSI compared with those without a helmet.Conclusion. Wearing full-coverage and partial-coverage helmets significantly reduced the risk of CSI among HI patients following motorcycle crashes. This effect may be due to the smooth surface and hard padding materials of helmet.

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Polvinen, Anu, Mikko Laaksonen, Juha Rantala, Marjukka Hietaniemi, Jari Kannisto, and Susan Kuivalainen. "Working while on a disability pension in Finland: Association of diagnosis and financial factors to employment." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 19_suppl (February 2018): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817738460.

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Aims: The aim of this study was to find out whether health and financial factors are associated with engagement in paid work during a disability pension. Methods: The data included a 10 per cent sample of Finns aged 20–62 years who were drawing earnings-related full or partial disability pension in 2012 ( n = 14,418). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios for working while on a full or partial disability pension. Results: Fourteen per cent of full disability pensioners and 76 per cent of partial disability pensioners were engaged in paid work. Full disability pensioners due to mental disorders were working less often than full disability pensioners due to other diseases. Partial disability pensioners due to cardiovascular diseases were working more than partial disability pensioners due to other diseases. More recent timing of disability pension was associated with working for both partial and full disability pensioners. Working while on disability pension was more common among those with higher education. Partial disability pensioners with average pension worked more often than those with high pension. Conclusions: By knowing the factors associated with working while on a disability pension, policies could be more efficiently allocated to encourage disability pensioners to take up work. One way would be to support disability pensioners with low education to work more. Another way to increase work among disability pensioners is to support the recently retired in working longer.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Partial odds'

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