Relevant bibliographies by topics / Partial odds

Academic literature on the topic 'Partial odds'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Partial odds"

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Peterson, Bercedis, and Frank E. Harrell. "Partial Proportional Odds Models for Ordinal Response Variables." Applied Statistics 39, no. 2 (1990): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2347760.

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ADELO, Belete, and Shibru TEMESGEN. "Undernutritional Status of Children in Ethiopia: Application of Partial Proportional Odds Model." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Biostatistics 7, no. 2 (2015): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/biostatic.2015-47184.

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O'Connell, Ann A., and Xing Liu. "Model Diagnostics for Proportional and Partial Proportional Odds Models." Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2011): 139–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1304223240.

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Gao, Xiaoming, Todd A. Schwartz, John S. Preisser, and Jamie Perin. "GEEORD: A SAS macro for analyzing ordinal response variables with repeated measures through proportional odds, partial proportional odds, or non-proportional odds models." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 150 (October 2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.07.008.

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Soon, Jan-Jan. "The determinants of students' return intentions: A partial proportional odds model." Journal of Choice Modelling 3, no. 2 (2010): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1755-5345(13)70037-x.

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Williams, Richard. "Generalized Ordered Logit/Partial Proportional Odds Models for Ordinal Dependent Variables." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 6, no. 1 (February 2006): 58–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x0600600104.

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Verwaeren, Jan, Willem Waegeman, and Bernard De Baets. "Learning partial ordinal class memberships with kernel-based proportional odds models." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 56, no. 4 (April 2012): 928–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2010.12.007.

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Chen, Hui-Hua, Wan-Hua Ting, Ho-Hsiung Lin, and Sheng-Mou Hsiao. "Predictors of Lymphoceles in Women Who Underwent Laparotomic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Early Gynecologic Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060936.

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Background: Lymphoceles could represent a detrimental complication after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Our aim was to elucidate predictors of lymphoceles. Methods: Between 2011 and 2017, medical records of consecutive women who underwent laparotomic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for FIGO stage I or II gynecologic cancer were reviewed. Results: A total of 204 women, including those with lymphoceles (n = 31) and symptomatic lymphoceles (n = 7), were reviewed. According to multivariable analysis, parity (odds ratio = 0.59, p = 0.003), adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy (odds ratio = 2.60, p = 0.039), and peritoneal nonclosure without pelvic drainage (odds ratio = 2.31, p = 0.048) were predictors of lymphoceles. In addition, parity (odds ratio = 0.73, p = 0.03), hypertension (odds ratio = 2.62, p = 0.02), and peritoneal partial closure with pelvic drainage (odds ratio = 0.27, p = 0.02) were predictors of complications. Conclusion: Low parity, adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy, and peritoneal nonclosure without pelvic drainage were associated with increased lymphocele formation. In addition, a lower complication rate was found in the peritoneal partial closure with pelvic drainage group; thus, peritoneal partial closure with pelvic drainage might be suggested for women who undergo laparotomic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.
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Nisengwe, Jean François Régis, Adam Willcox, and Liem Tran. "Perceptions of Natural Resources Use in Rwanda - A Partial Proportional Odds Model." East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (September 16, 2021): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.3.1.412.

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The scarcity of natural resources is a challenge in Rwanda. Although Rwanda has improved water supplies, projections show a further increase in water demand. Particularly, agriculture continues to place further demands on water resources through intensification and industrialization. Similarly, although the dependence on biomass for cooking has improved over the past two decades in Rwanda, the ratio is still high and is projected to increase. Unfortunately, the heavy dependence on biomass is damaging to the environment in general, forests in particular. As the consumption of water and charcoal increases, it is important to study how people perceive their consumption. Research shows that people who perceive their consumption of natural resources are more likely to conserve them as they can see how much they are consuming. This study investigated perceptions of water and charcoal consumption among farmers in northern Rwanda. A survey was used to collect data from 323 farmers involved in a poultry development project in the district of Musanze, northern Rwanda. A Partial Proportional Odds Model (PPOM) was used to analyse the effect of different factors on the perception of natural resource consumption. Results indicate that the perception of charcoal consumption was associated with three variables: living in the urban section of the district, the amount of feed consumed by chicken, and elevation at which the coop is located. Results from this study can improve how food security projects are implemented by incorporating people’s perceptions of their consumption of natural resources.
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Fullerton, Andrew S., and Jun Xu. "The proportional odds with partial proportionality constraints model for ordinal response variables." Social Science Research 41, no. 1 (January 2012): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.09.003.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Partial odds"

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Savaluny, Elly. "Analysis of ordered categorical data : partial proportional odds and stratified models." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326978.

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Muttarak, Raya, and Wiraporn Pothisiri. "The Role of Education on Disaster Preparedness: Case Study of 2012 Indian Ocean Earthquakes on Thailand's Andaman Coast." The Resilience Alliance, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-06101-180451.

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In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557 households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household, and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that disaster-related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness. In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.
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Salama, Dina. "Predicting Disease Course in Inflammatory Bowel Disease using Health Administrative Data." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41978.

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Background: Investigators are often interested in using population-level health administrative data in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients to study disease outcomes, risk factors and treatment effects to enhance knowledge, shape clinical practice and influence health care policy. A major limitation of using health administrative data for these purposes is the lack of detailed clinical data to adjust for the confounding effects of differential disease severity on observed associations. Methods to account for disease severity using administrative variables would offer a major advance to population-level studies in IBD patients. Thus, in this study we aimed to use a cohort of IBD patients from The Ottawa Hospital (TOH) to validate a model that was originally developed in Manitoba for estimating clinical disease course in IBD patients through healthcare utilization measures. Objectives: The objectives of this thesis are: 1) To identify and characterize a reference cohort of IBD patients in the ambulatory clinics of four gastroenterologists from TOH on clinical disease course in the preceding year (reference cohort), based on a Manitoba definition of clinical disease course; 2) To fit a partial proportional odds (PPO) model for predicting IBD course, derived using Manitoba health administrative data, to the reference cohort of IBD patients using Ontario health administrative data; 3) To derive new PPO models of IBD disease course for the reference cohort using Ontario administrative variables and compare model performance; and 4) To apply the models to the Ontario Crohn’s and Colitis cohort (OCCC) to estimate IBD course in Ontario, and compare the distribution to that of the Manitoba IBD population.Methods: We first identified a reference cohort of IBD patients in Ontario from the outpatient clinics at TOH during fiscal year 2015. Through chart review, we classified these patients into one of four clinical disease categories (remission, mild, moderate, or severe) using the Manitoba definition. We linked these patients to Ontario health administrative datasets. Given slight differences in data structure and coding between Manitoba and Ontario, we were unable to directly test the Manitoba model and instead fit a PPO model to the Ontario cohort using analogous administrative variables to those used in the final Manitoba model (“adapted model”). We subsequently derived new PPO models using unique Ontario administrative variables under three strategies: 1) Stepwise variable selection (“stepwise model”); 2) Forced fitting of all variables (“all-variables model”); and 3) Using a two-step modelling algorithm that considered IBD-related hospitalizations separate from other administrative variables (“two-step model”). We then compared model performance from the four strategies. Finally, we applied the models to the Ontario IBD population from 2004 to 2016 and compared model estimates to those from Manitoba. Results: We identified 963 patients with IBD from TOH outpatient clinics, of which 52.3% (n=504) were males, 64.6% (n=622) had Crohn's Disease, and 89.2% (n=859) resided in an urban setting. Based on the Manitoba definition, 64.9% of patients within our reference cohort were classified as remission, while 11.4%, 14.1%, and 9.6% were classified as mild, moderate, and severe disease course, respectively. The adapted model (c-statistic 0.77, goodness-fit p-value 0.28) performed comparably to the other models: the stepwise model (c-statistic 0.77, goodness-fit p-value 0.50), the all-variables model (c-statistic 0.77, goodness-fit p-value 0.53), and the two-step model (c-statistic 0.78, goodness-fit p-value 0.75). The adapted model also resulted in overall similar estimates with regards to the disease course distribution among the Ontario IBD population. However, on closer inspection, our two-step model, in which individuals who had been hospitalized for an IBD-related indication within the past year were assumed to have severe disease, performed better with respect to accurately classifying individuals with moderate or severe disease, without sacrificing discriminative ability. Based on the two-step model, from 2004 to 2016, 89.2-91.2% of the Ontario IBD population was in remission, 0% had mild disease, 2.4-3.2% had moderate disease, and 5.9-8.4% had severe disease. Distribution of disease course among IBD patients in Ontario differed considerably than that in Manitoba. Conclusion: In the absence of clinical information within health administrative data, we present and compare four different models that can be used to partially account for the confounding effect of disease course among IBD patients in future population-based studies using Ontario health administrative data. Given that our models did not perform as originally expected, especially with regards to accurately identifying individuals with more active disease states, we advise researchers to use these models at their own discretion.
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Lara, Evandro de Avila e. "Regressão logística politômica ordinal: Avaliação do potencial de Clonostachys rosea no biocontrole de Botrytis cinerea." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4060.

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The use of logistic regression modeling as a tool for modeling statistical probability of an event as a function of one or more independents variables, has grown among researchers in several areas, including Phytopathology. At about the dichotomous logistic regression in which the dependent variable is the type binary or dummy, is the extensive number of studies in the literature that discuss the modeling assumptions and the interpretation of the analyzes, as well as alternatives for implementation in statistical packages. However, when the variable response requires the use three or more categories, the number of publications is scarce. This is not only due to the scarcity of relevant publications on the subject, but also the inherent difficulty of coverage on the subject. In this paper we address the applicability of the model polytomous ordinal logistic regression, as well as differences between the proportional odds models, nonproportional and partial proportional odds. For this, we analyzed data from an experiment in which we evaluated the potential antagonistic fungus Clonostachys rosea in biocontrol of the disease called "gray mold", caused by Botrytis cinerea in strawberry and tomato. The partial proportional odds models and nonproportional were adjusted and compared, since the proportionality test score accused rejection of the proportional odds assumption. The estimates of the model coefficients as well as the odds ratios were interpreted in practical terms for Phytopathology. The polytomous ordinal logistic regression is introduced as an important statistical tool for predicting values, showing the potential of C. rosea in becoming a commercial product to be developed and used in the biological control of the disease, because the application of C. rosea was as or more effective than the use of fungicides in the control of gray mold.
O uso da regressão logística como uma ferramenta estatística para modelar a probabilidade de um evento em função de uma ou mais variáveis explicativas, tem crescido entre pesquisadores em várias áreas, inclusive na Fitopatologia. À respeito da regressão logística dicotômica, na qual a variável resposta é do tipo binária ou dummy, é extenso o número de trabalhos na literatura que abordam a modelagem, as pressuposições e a interpretação das análises, bem como alternativas de implementação em pacotes estatísticos. No entanto, quando a variável resposta requer que se utilize três ou mais categorias, o número de publicações é escasso. Isso devido não somente à escassez de publicações relevantes sobre o assunto, mas também à inerente dificuldade de abrangência sobre o tema. No presente trabalho aborda-se a aplicabilidade do modelo de regressão logística politômica ordinal, bem como as diferenças entre os modelos de chances proporcionais, chances proporcionais parciais e chances não proporcionais. Para isso, foram analisados dados de um experimento em que se avaliou o potencial do fungo antagonista Clonostachys rosea no biocontrole da doença denominada mofo cinzento , causada por Botrytis cinerea em morangueiro e tomateiro. Os modelos de chances proporcionais parciais e não proporcionais foram ajustados e comparados, uma vez que o teste score de proporcionalidade acusou rejeição da pressuposição de chances proporcionais. As estimativas dos coeficientes dos modelos bem como das razões de chances foram interpretadas em termos práticos para a Fitopatologia. A regressão logística politômica ordinal se apresentou como uma importante ferramenta estatística para predição de valores, mostrando o potencial do C. rosea em se tornar um produto comercial a ser desenvolvido e usado no controle biológico da doença, pois a aplicação de C. rosea foi tão ou mais eficiente do que a utilização de fungicidas no controle do mofo cinzento.
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Davis, Brett Andrew, and Brett Davis@abs gov au. "Inference for Discrete Time Stochastic Processes using Aggregated Survey Data." The Australian National University. Faculty of Economics and Commerce, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20040806.104137.

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We consider a longitudinal system in which transitions between the states are governed by a discrete time finite state space stochastic process X. Our aim, using aggregated sample survey data of the form typically collected by official statistical agencies, is to undertake model based inference for the underlying process X. We will develop inferential techniques for continuing sample surveys of two distinct types. First, longitudinal surveys in which the same individuals are sampled in each cycle of the survey. Second, cross-sectional surveys which sample the same population in successive cycles but with no attempt to track particular individuals from one cycle to the next. Some of the basic results have appeared in Davis et al (2001) and Davis et al (2002).¶ Longitudinal surveys provide data in the form of transition frequencies between the states of X. In Chapter Two we develop a method for modelling and estimating the one-step transition probabilities in the case where X is a non-homogeneous Markov chain and transition frequencies are observed at unit time intervals. However, due to their expense, longitudinal surveys are typically conducted at widely, and sometimes irregularly, spaced time points. That is, the observable frequencies pertain to multi-step transitions. Continuing to assume the Markov property for X, in Chapter Three, we show that these multi-step transition frequencies can be stochastically interpolated to provide accurate estimates of the one-step transition probabilities of the underlying process. These estimates for a unit time increment can be used to calculate estimates of expected future occupation time, conditional on an individual’s state at initial point of observation, in the different states of X.¶ For reasons of cost, most statistical collections run by official agencies are cross-sectional sample surveys. The data observed from an on-going survey of this type are marginal frequencies in the states of X at a sequence of time points. In Chapter Four we develop a model based technique for estimating the marginal probabilities of X using data of this form. Note that, in contrast to the longitudinal case, the Markov assumption does not simplify inference based on marginal frequencies. The marginal probability estimates enable estimation of future occupation times (in each of the states of X) for an individual of unspecified initial state. However, in the applications of the technique that we discuss (see Sections 4.4 and 4.5) the estimated occupation times will be conditional on both gender and initial age of individuals.¶ The longitudinal data envisaged in Chapter Two is that obtained from the surveillance of the same sample in each cycle of an on-going survey. In practice, to preserve data quality it is necessary to control respondent burden using sample rotation. This is usually achieved using a mechanism known as rotation group sampling. In Chapter Five we consider the particular form of rotation group sampling used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in their Monthly Labour Force Survey (from which official estimates of labour force participation rates are produced). We show that our approach to estimating the one-step transition probabilities of X from transition frequencies observed at incremental time intervals, developed in Chapter Two, can be modified to deal with data collected under this sample rotation scheme. Furthermore, we show that valid inference is possible even when the Markov property does not hold for the underlying process.
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Godfrey, M. J. "The competition between collective and single-particle effects in the odd-odd nuclei'1'2'8','1'3'0La." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384359.

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Scholey, Catherine Louise. "A spectroscopic study of doubly-odd N=77 isotones near the proton dripline utilising the recoil-isomer tagging technique." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269565.

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Woods, Charmaine Michelle, and charmaine woods@flinders edu au. "EXOGENOUS PURINES INDUCE DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES IN THE PROXIMAL AND DISTAL REGIONS OF THE SPHINCTER OF ODDI: PARTIAL CHARACTERISATION OF THE PURINERGIC RECEPTOR SUB-TYPES INVOLVED." Flinders University. School of Medicine, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061120.095902.

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The sphincter of Oddi (SO) is a neuromuscular structure located at the junction of the bile and pancreatic ducts with the duodenum. The primary functions of the SO are to regulate the delivery of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum, and to prevent reflux of duodenal contents into the biliary and pancreatic systems. Neural, hormonal or functional disturbances of biliary motility can lead to painful and sometimes life threatening clinical conditions, such as SO dysfunction and acute pancreatitis. Clearly understanding the regulation of biliary and duodenal motility patterns is necessary and may provide useful pharmacological sites for drug development to aid in the treatment of these diseases. Spontaneous activity of the SO is regulated by complex interactions between the enteric nervous system, hormones, possibly interstitial cells of Cajal and other bioactive agents, together with modulation via neural reflexes between the duodenum, common bile duct/gallbladder, and stomach. Purines are one group of neurotransmitters/regulatory agents that have been shown to effect gastrointestinal motility, however their functions in the regulation of SO motility have not been elucidated. The studies described in this thesis used in vitro organ bath techniques and in vivo preparations to determine the effects of exogenous purines on possum SO and duodenal motility. The possum SO has been extensively characterized and is an excellent model for motility studies. In vitro, exogenous adenosine was found to decrease spontaneous activity in both the SO and duodenum. In contrast exogenous ATP induced both excitatory and inhibitory responses in the SO and duodenum. Interestingly, the adenosine and ATP-induced effects were predominantly exhibited by the proximal portion of the SO (proximal-SO), with no or little effect observed in the distal portion of the SO (distal-SO). These data support the hypothesis that the SO is comprised of different functional components that can act differently in response to certain stimuli, and highlights the importance of studying each of the SO components. Agonists and antagonists, together with immunohistochemical studies, were used in an attempt to identify the P1 and P2 receptor sub-types responsible for mediating the adenosine- and ATP-induced responses. In the duodenum the adenosine-induced decrease in spontaneous activity was likely to be mediated by A2A and A3 receptors, but the receptors mediating the proximal-SO response could not be identified. In the duodenum ATP induced a complex non-neural response consisting of a P2X1, and P2Y2 and/or P2Y4 mediated immediate inhibition. This was followed by a return to baseline activity or small excitation. The response concluded with a late inhibitory response, likely to be mediated by P2Y1 receptors, but the effects of other P2Y receptors could not be excluded. In contrast, ATP application to the proximal-SO evoked a partially neurally mediated early excitation, likely via P2X receptors, followed by an inhibition of activity, likely via activation of non-neural P2Y2 and/or P2Y4 receptors. In vivo studies with exogenous application of adenosine and ATP to the SO activated neural pathways to produce increased motor activity. Characterisation of these neural pathways found ATP and/or adenosine to activate excitatory cholinergic motor neurons. ATP also activated an inhibitory nicotinic/nitrergic pathway. This is the first comprehensive investigation of the possible involvement of purines in the regulation of SO motility. These studies demonstrate that exogenous purines influence SO and duodenal motility, inducing complex neural and non-neural responses, acting via multiple P1 and P2 receptors. It now remains to be determined if endogenously released purines induce similar responses, together with elucidation and location of the receptor sub-types involved.
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Gibson, Andrew Robert. "Harnessing the non-linear coupling of odd harmonics for control of charged particle dynamics in radio-frequency plasmas." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680121.

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Over the past number of years multiple frequency capacitively coupled plasmas have achieved widespread usage in plasma based nano-fabrication. However,the control of charged particle dynamics in such discharges is often limited by poor understanding of the non-linear coupling between the frequencies used. This is particularly true for plasmas produced in molecular gases. such as oxygen. where long-lived reactive neutral species can significantly affect the dynamics of charged particles. As these gases are used frequently in industry. it is crucial to achieve better understanding of their characteristics under multiple frequency excitation. In order to understand the dynamics of non-linear frequency coupling. this work proposes a novel dual frequency excitation scheme utilizing odd harmonics. The odd harmonic approach has been studied systematically utilizing both numerical simulations and experiments in plasmas produced in molecular oxygen gas. Through these Investigations it has been demonstrated that the frequencies used and the ratio to which they contribute to the resultant voltage waveform have significant influence over the final plasma parameters. This occurs through electron heating and ionization mode transitions which are non~linearly dependent upon the frequency contributions to the overall voltage waveform. A specific scheme for controlling the ion bombardment energy and ion flux to the substrate in Industrial plasma applications. using frequencies of 13.56 MHz and 40.68 MHz has been proposed. It has been predicted. through numerical simulations. and confirmed through experimental measurements. that the proposed scheme offers enhanced control of plasma properties over a wide parameter range. Furthermore. a critical benchmark study has been performed by undertaking a quantitative comparison between the results of state-of-the-art numerical simulations and experimental data. This has identified areas where further improvement in the understanding and modelling of oxygen plasmas is required in order to utilize numerical simulations in a truly quantitative manner for process design and control.
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Lessard, Jean-Philippe. "Validated Continuation for Infinite Dimensional Problems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19861.

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Studying the zeros of a parameter dependent operator F defined on a Hilbert space H is a fundamental problem in mathematics. When the Hilbert space is finite dimensional, continuation provides, via predictor-corrector algorithms, efficient techniques to numerically follow the zeros of F as we move the parameter. In the case of infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, this procedure must be applied to some finite dimensional approximation which of course raises the question of validity of the output. We introduce a new technique that combines the information obtained from the predictor-corrector steps with ideas from rigorous computations and verifies that the numerically produced zero for the finite dimensional system can be used to explicitly define a set which contains a unique zero for the infinite dimensional problem F: HxR->Im(F). We use this new validated continuation to study equilibrium solutions of partial differential equations, to prove the existence of chaos in ordinary differential equations and to follow branches of periodic solutions of delay differential equations. In the context of partial differential equations, we show that the cost of validated continuation is less than twice the cost of the standard continuation method alone.
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Books on the topic "Partial odds"

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Inc, ebrary, ed. Against all odds: Aiding political parties in Georgia and Ukraine. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010.

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National Portrait Gallery (Smithsonian Institution), ed. "The spirit of party": Hamilton & Jefferson at odds. Washington, D.C: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, 1992.

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Solomon, Hussein. Against all odds: Opposition political parties in Southern Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Mauritius, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Johannesburg: KMM Review, 2011.

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Close, Frank. 4. Odds, evens, and shells. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198718635.003.0004.

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‘Odds, evens, and shells’ considers the fundamental property laws governing nuclear structure. It explains element stability and abundance, as well as the quantum rules, magic numbers, shells, and binding energy that explain atomic and element structure. An effective guide to stability, and the pattern of radioactive decays, is given by the semi-empirical mass formula. As nature seeks stability by minimising energy, a nucleus seeks to lower the total mass or increase the binding energy by emitting an alpha particle cluster, by beta decay, or by splitting in two, as in uranium fission. Alpha decay and technetium, the lightest element that is totally radioactive, and thus without any stable isotopes, are also described.
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Chancer, Lynn S., Martín Sánchez-Jankowski, and Christine Trost. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685898.003.0001.

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This chapter provides an overview of youth unemployment. Widespread job destruction and losses in earnings precipitated by the Great Recession (2007–2009) have had an unprecedented impact on American teens and young adults. In spite of a partial economic recovery, American youth continue to experience significantly higher levels of unemployment and underemployment than older adults. Indeed, employment prospects for youth have been declining for more than two decades as a result of significant changes in the structure and nature of work. The rise of the “24/7 economy” and nonstandard work schedules, polarization between “good” and “bad” jobs, the replacement of routine manual work with automation, the steady decline in manufacturing jobs, and the rise in low-wage insecure jobs without benefits all contribute to diminished employment prospects. At the same time, the “American dream” remains a deeply embedded cultural ideology often at odds with actual problems that are increasingly encountered. Ultimately, youth face heightened socioeconomic precariousness and insecurity not only in the realm of work but also in school as the cost of a college education continues to skyrocket.
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Guffey, Mary Ellen, and Carolyn M. Seefer. Bundle : Business English , 11th + Partial Student Key: Answers to Odd-Numbered Reinforcement. Cengage South-Western, 2013.

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Big And Small Odd One Out. Clavis, 2013.

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Griffiths, Graham W. Numerical Analysis Using R: Solutions to ODEs and PDEs. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

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Griffiths, Graham W. Numerical Analysis Using R: Solutions to ODEs and PDEs. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

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Griffiths, Graham W. Numerical Analysis Using R: Solutions to ODEs and PDEs. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Partial odds"

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Kern, Christoph. "Proportional und partial-proportional odds Modelle zur Erklärung der Mobilitätsdisposition im Mehrebenenkontext." In Dyadische Analyse regionaler Arbeitsmarktmobilität, 73–90. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17435-4_5.

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Georgi, Howard. "Odds and Ends." In Lie Algebras in Particle Physics, 302–10. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429499210-28.

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Seydel, R. "Calculating the Loss of Stability by Transient Methods, with Application to Parabolic Partial Differential Equations." In Numerical Boundary Value ODEs, 261–70. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5160-6_15.

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Xu, Xiaoping. "Representations of Odd Orthogonal Lie Algebras." In Representations of Lie Algebras and Partial Differential Equations, 253–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6391-6_8.

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De Baets, Bernard. "FREs: the ODEs and PDEs of the Fuzzy Modelling Paradigm." In Fuzzy Partial Differential Equations and Relational Equations, 206–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39675-8_8.

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O’Beirne, Patricia. "A Partial Eclipse." In The Golden Thread, 291–302. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800859463.003.0022.

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This chapter focuses on Patricia Burke Brogan’s Eclipsed, which premiered in Galway and Edinburgh in 1992. Eclipsed highlights the injustice and cruelty inherent in the Magdalen institutions at a time when some laundries were still functioning. Interestingly, Burke Brogan may be considered a witness as well as a playwright; as a novice nun in the late 1950s she worked in the Galway Magdalene Laundry. Eclipsed unambiguously places nuns’ bodies on stage, a decision which puts it at odds with most recent dramatic work engaging with the Magdalene laundries. The stories of the nuns who worked in the laundries remain largely untold as the religious orders involved in the running of the institutions have regrettably refused to allow access to their archival material. This chapter approaches Burke Brogan’s play in an exploratory manner, to contest this “sisterly” silence and to nuance and contextualise the role of the religious in the laundries.
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"Partial Proportional Odds Models and Generalized Ordinal Logistic Regression Models." In Applied Ordinal Logistic Regression Using Stata: From Single-Level to Multilevel Modeling, 179–218. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071878972.n5.

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Pittock, Murray. "Conclusion." In Scotland, 417–24. Yale University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300254174.003.0009.

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This concluding chapter gives an overview of Scotland's history and nationality. The visibility of Scottish nationality is not widely known due to the way history is remembered through the frames of experience and the composite monarchy model. Moreover, the modern and partial view of the nature of sovereignty as defined by the Westphalian peace of 1648 affected the lack of understanding of Scottish nationality. The chapter discusses the context of the 2014 Referendum being at odds with British polity and Parliament's understanding of history. It also looks into the possibility of Scottish independence in line with the concern of Brexit, the UK's exit from the European Union.
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Rusten, Kristian A. "What could have sanctioned null subjects in Old English?" In Referential Null Subjects in Early English, 123–80. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808237.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 investigates the question of what could have sanctioned null subjects in Old English. It tests the empirical validity for the Old English data of central syntactic models attempting to account for the appearance of null subjects. It is shown that the predictions made by these analyses are not borne out in Old English, and it is argued that analysing the omitted subjects in terms of ellipsis is more fruitful than construing them as an active canonical or partial pro-drop grammar. The stance is taken that referential null subjects do not represent a productive grammatical feature of Old English, and it is again noted that the occurrence could instead be considered linguistic ‘residue’. Such an analysis would not be at odds with work which analyses pro-drop as argument ellipsis cross-linguistically.
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Campbell, John L., and Ove K. Pedersen. "Limits of Convergence." In The National Origins of Policy Ideas. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691150314.003.0007.

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This chapter demonstrates that in every country, policy research organizations began to converge on similar dissemination practices, such as use of the Internet and new media, by which they channeled their analysis and recommendations to policymakers and others—practices that tended to resemble those of American advocacy organizations. Both trends were evident within and across knowledge regimes. However, convergence was extremely uneven and partial because there were significant obstacles to the wholesale diffusion of these practices across countries and organizations. As a result, although each knowledge regime underwent significant change, national differences persisted in how each one was organized and operated. In short, the chapter found patterns of only limited convergence that were at odds with what many organizational and economic sociologists and others would have expected, especially during times of great uncertainty like the end of the Golden Age and the rise of globalization.
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Conference papers on the topic "Partial odds"

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Halpern, Daniel, Gregory Kehne, and Jamie Tucker-Foltz. "Can Buyers Reveal for a Better Deal?" In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/45.

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We study market interactions in which buyers are allowed to credibly reveal partial information about their types to the seller. Previous recent work has studied the special case of one buyer and one good, showing that such communication can simultaneously improve social welfare and ex ante buyer utility. However, with multiple buyers, we find that the buyer-optimal signalling schemes from the one-buyer case are actually harmful to buyer welfare. Moreover, we prove several impossibility results showing that, with either multiple i.i.d. buyers or multiple i.i.d. goods, maximizing buyer utility can be at odds with social efficiency, which is surprising in contrast with the one-buyer, one-good case. Finally, we investigate the computational tractability of implementing desirable equilibrium outcomes. We find that, even with one buyer and one good, optimizing buyer utility is generally NP-hard but tractable in a practical restricted setting.
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Marziali, Megan, Seth Prins, and Silvia Martins. "Partner Incarceration and Maternal Substance Use: Investigating the Mediating Effects of Social Support and Neighborhood Cohesion." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.41.

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Introduction: The United States is responsible for the highest rate of incarceration globally. The impacts of incarceration extend beyond those incarcerated and can result in adverse outcomes for chosen romantic or life partners and the family unit. This study aimed to explore the impact of partner incarceration on maternal substance use and whether the relationship between partner incarceration and maternal substance use is mediated by financial support, emergency social support, or neighborhood cohesion. Methods: Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal cohort following new parents and children, this analysis quantifies the relationship between paternal incarceration and maternal substance use (N=2246). Responses from mothers at years 3 (2001-2003), 5 (2003-2006), 9 (2007-2010), and 15 (2014-2017) were assessed, restricted to mothers who responded across waves. The exposure, partner incarceration, was operationalized as mothers reporting their current partner or child’s father to be ever incarcerated at year 3. The outcome, substance use in the past year (yes vs. no), was assessed at each time point. Respondents were asked whether they used marijuana, sedatives, tranquilizers, amphetamines, prescription painkillers, inhalants, cocaine, hallucinogens, or heroin. Three mediators were investigated at years 5 and 9: neighborhood cohesion, financial support, and emergency social support. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to construct support-related mediators. Counting on someone to loan $200, providing a temporary place to stay, and providing emergency childcare were hypothesized to load onto one factor (emergency social support) and counting on someone to loan $1000, co-sign a bank loan for $1000 and co-sign a bank loan for $5000 were hypothesized to load onto a separate factor (financial support). Items were weighted by factor loadings and responses were summed to create a scale for financial support and emergency social support, with a higher score denoting greater degree of support. Impact of partner incarceration and maternal substance use was modeled using multilevel modeling to account for repeated measures, adjusting for appropriate confounders (age of mother at child’s birth, race, education, employment, and history of intimate partner violence). Results: Nearly half (42.7%, N=958) of participants reported partner incarceration. Among mothers who described partner incarceration, the odds of reporting substance use are 96% (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 1.96; 95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.56-2.46) greater in comparison to those who reported no partner incarceration. Financial support at year 5 mediated 17% of the relationship between partner incarceration at year 3 and substance use at year 9 (p-value = 0.006); financial support at year 9 was not a significant mediator of the relationship between partner incarceration at year 3 and substance use at year 15. Neither emergency social support nor neighborhood cohesion were significant mediators at either year 5 or year 9. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that partner incarceration impacts maternal substance use. Financial support acts as a partial mediator in the short term, which has important implications for families disrupted by mass incarceration.
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McNamara, Daniel. "Equalized Odds Implies Partially Equalized Outcomes Under Realistic Assumptions." In AIES '19: AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3306618.3314290.

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Jaffe, R. L. "Chiral-odd parton distributions." In Intersections between particle and nuclear physics. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.41524.

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Mulders, Piet. "Time-reversal-odd phenomena in QCD." In LIGHT CONE 2008 Relativistic Nuclear and Particle Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.061.0034.

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COURTOY, Aurore. "T-odd TMDs in Quark Models." In Light Cone 2010: Relativistic Hadronic and Particle Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.119.0055.

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Wang, Xuefeng, and Weidong Zhu. "The Spatial and Temporal Harmonic Balance Method for Obtaining Periodic Responses of a Nonlinear Partial Differential Equation With a Linear Complex Boundary Condition." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67792.

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The spatial and temporal harmonic balance (STHB) method is used to solve the periodic solution for a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) demonstrated by a nonlinear string equation with a linear complex boundary condition, and stablity analysis is conducted for the periodic solutions using Hill’s method. In order to avoid the integration procedure for discretizing the PDE to obtain the ordinary differential equations (ODEs), spatial and temporal harmonic balance procedures are conducted simultaneously, which can be efficiently achieved by the discrete sine transform and the fast Fourier transform. An additional coordinate associated with the generalized coordinates of the trial functions for the spatial discretization is introduced to make the solution satisfy all boundary conditions, and a relationship of the additional coordinate and the generalized coordinates is developed and used in the STHB method so that the test functions can be the same to the trial functions. Jacobian matrix of the harmonic balanced residual is obtained analytically, which can be used in Newton method for solving the periodic response. The STHB method and Jacobian matrix make the calculation of the periodic solution for the nonlinear string with a linear spring boundary condition efficient and easy to be implemented by computer programs. The relationship between the Jacobian matrix and the system matrix of the linearized ODEs are developed, so that one can directly obtain the Toeplitz form of the system matrix, and Hill’s method can be used to analyze the stability with the eigenvalues of the Toeplitz-form system matrix without the derivation of the ODEs. The frequency curve of the periodic solutions is obtained and their stability is indicated by the method in this work.
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BACCHETTA, A. "MEASURING TRANSVERSITY WITH T-ODD SINGLE PARTICLE PRODUCTION." In Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812778345_0092.

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Mustafa, A. M., Zhongyu Li, and Lin Shao. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Damage Cascades Creation in Oxide-Particle-Embedded Fe." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67356.

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Oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS)alloys have been identified as one promising candidate alloy type for high temperature reactor applications. Understanding irradiation stability of ODS alloys relies on atomic scale modeling such as molecular dynamics simulations. In this study, yttrium and oxygen charges in Y2O3 oxide particles, which are embedded in pure Fe matrix, are optimized to achieve stabilities observed in experiments. Deviation from the optimized charges causes self-explosion and instability of oxide particles. Molecular dynamics simulations further show that under such optimized charge conditions, damage cascade creation and defect developments can be appropriately modeled.
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Vyasarayani, Chandrika P., Eihab M. Abdel-Rahman, John McPhee, and Stephen Birkett. "Modelling MEMS Resonators Past Pull-In." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67763.

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In this paper, we develop a mathematical model of an electrostatic MEMS beam undergoing impact with a stationary electrode subsequent to pull-in. We model the contact between the beam and the substrate using a nonlinear foundation of springs and dampers. The system partial differential equation (PDE) is converted into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the Galerkin method. A numerical solution is obtained by treating all nonlinear terms as external forces.
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Reports on the topic "Partial odds"

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Lines, Lisa M., Florence K. L. Tangka, Sonja Hoover, and Sujha Subramanian. People with Colorectal Cancer in SEER-Medicare: Part D Uptake, Costs, and Outcomes. RTI Press, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0037.2005.

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Limited information exists about enrollment in Part D prescription coverage by Medicare beneficiaries with cancer. Part D coverage may increase access to medicines. This study evaluated patterns of Part D uptake and costs and assessed the effects of coverage on hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) use among people with colorectal cancer (CRC). We analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked data on fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries with at least 36 months of follow-up who were diagnosed with CRC at any point from January 2007 through December 2010, and a matched cohort of beneficiaries without cancer. Dual (Medicare/Medicaid) enrollees were excluded because they are automatically enrolled in Part D. Among beneficiaries with CRC (n=12,774), 39 percent had complete Part D coverage, defined as coverage in the diagnosis year and 2 subsequent years; the rate was 38 percent in the matched comparison cohort (P=.119). Among those with complete Part D coverage, there was no significant difference in annual prescription drug costs between people with CRC ($3,157, 95% confidence interval [CI]: $3,098–$3,216) and without ($3,113, 95% CI: $3,054–$3,172). Among people with CRC, odds of ED use ranged from unchanged to marginally higher for those with no or partial Part D coverage, (adjusted odds ratio: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00–1.18), compared with those with complete Part D coverage. Lack of continuous Part D coverage was associated with more ED use among Medicare FFS beneficiaries with CRC in 2007–2013. Among people with Part D coverage, prescription drug costs varied little between those with CRC and matched beneficiaries without cancer.
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Pulugurtha, Srinivas S., Sarvani Duvvuri, and Sonu Mathew. Risk Factors Associated with Crash Injury Severity Involving Trucks. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2117.

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Nearly 499,000 motor vehicle crashes involving trucks were reported across the United States in 2018, out of which 22% resulted in fatalities and injuries. Given the growing economy and demand for trucking in the future, it is crucial to identify the risk factors to understand where, when, and why the likelihood of getting involved in a severe or moderate injury crash with a truck is higher. This research, therefore, focuses on capturing and exploring risk factors associated with surrounding land use and demographic characteristics in addition to crash, driver, and on-network characteristics by modeling injury severity of crashes involving trucks. Crash data for Mecklenburg County in North Carolina from 2013 to 2017 was used to develop partial proportionality odds model and identify risk factors influencing injury severity of crashes involving trucks. The findings from this research indicate that dark lighting condition, inclement weather condition, the presence of double yellow or no-passing zone, road sections with speed limit >40 mph and curves, and driver fatigue, impairment, and inattention have a significant influence on injury severity of crashes involving trucks. These outcomes indicate the need for effective geometric design and improved visibility to reduce the injury severity of crashes involving trucks. The likelihood of getting involved in a crash with a truck is also high in areas with high employment, government, light commercial, and light industrial land uses. The findings can be used to proactively plan and prioritize the allocation of resources to improve safety of transportation system users in these areas.
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Gajera, Hardik, Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, and Sonu Mathew. Influence of Level 1 and Level 2 Automated Vehicles on Fatal Crashes and Fatal Crash Occurrence. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2034.

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Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are expected to improve safety by gradually reducing human decisions while driving. However, there are still questions on their effectiveness as we transition from almost 0% CAVs to 100% CAVs with different levels of vehicle autonomy. This research focuses on synthesizing literature and identifying risk factors influencing fatal crashes involving level 1 and level 2 CAVs in the United States. Fatal crashes involving level 0 vehicles—ones that are not connected and automated—were compared to minimize unobserved heterogeneity and randomness associated with the influencing risk factors. The research team used the fatal crash data for the years 2016 to 2019 for the analysis. A partial proportionality odds model is developed using crash, road, and vehicle characteristics as the independent variables and the fatal crash involving a vehicle with a specific level of automation as the dependent variable. The results of this research indicate that level 1 and level 2 CAVs are less likely to be involved in a fatal crash at four-way intersections, on two-way routes with wide medians, at nighttime, and in poor lighting conditions when compared to level 0 vehicles. However, they are more likely than level 0 vehicles to be involved in a fatal crash with pedestrians and bicyclists. Comparative analysis between vehicles with smart features and other vehicles indicated that pedestrian automatic emergency braking (PAEB) and lane-keeping assistance (LKA) improve the safety by reducing possible collision with a pedestrian and roadside departure, respectively. Contrarily, vehicles with other smart features are still highly likely to be involved in fatal crashes. This research adds to the growing body of literature that will identify potential areas for improvement in the safety of vehicular technologies and road geometry.
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