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Nierwinski, Helena P., Marcelo Heidemann, Laura A. Lavalle, and Bruna Sell. "Study of mining tailings geotechnical parameters obtained from SCPTu tests carried on dry and saturated layers." MATEC Web of Conferences 337 (2021): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133704010.
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The correct interpretation of in situ and laboratory test results is an important step in the design of mining tailing containment structures. This study aims to analyze the Seismic Cone Penetration Test (SCPTu) results obtained into a mining tailing reservoir composed of two material layers: a thick-dry and a tick-saturated. It is possible to observe that in a same tailing reservoir, the CPTu test interpretation can lead to a classification of each layer as a different soil with specific behavior and properties. This condition demonstrates that tailings with intermediate permeability (10-5 m/s < k < 10-8 m/s) may present partial drainage conditions during a standard cone penetration test (CPTu) (v=20 mm/s), if saturated conditions are verified. The effects of partial drainage can affect test results, and can induce to errors in the prediction of soil behavior and geotechnical parameters. To evaluate the possible effects of partial drainage, in situ test results were compared to laboratory tests results. It was possible to verify that estimated behavior of dry layers, obtained from in situ tests results, present more similarity to the results from laboratory tests. Probably, the partial drainage effects verified through the interpretation of dissipation tests, distorted the estimated behavior of the saturated layer material.
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Liu, Jiashun, Laigui Wang, Xiangdong Zhang, Jianjun Yang, and Sijin Zhang. "Asymptotic state model of saturated low liquid-limit clay under partial drainage condition." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 79, no. 3 (November 16, 2019): 1501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01642-8.
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Suprapto, Denny U., Adrian Tangkilisan, Wega Sukanto, Christha Tamburian, and Fredrik G. Langi. "Effects of Drainage Volume on Changes of Blood Acidity, and Partial Arterial Pressure of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Massive Pleural Efusion." e-CliniC 10, no. 2 (August 8, 2022): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v10i2.41492.
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Abstract: Massive pleural effusion is a condition in which there is a buildup of fluid beyond normal in the pleural cavum with a volume of two-thirds of one side of the pulmonary field proven with the help of chest X-ray. Drainage of pleural effusion fluid is a management treatment for pleural effusion, but nevertheless it has complications such as pain, bleeding, pneumothorax, and pulmonary edema. Blood gas analysis is simple and essential examination in emergency medicine, which is able to provide valuable information about the acid-base status, ventilation, and oxygenation of a patient. This study aimed to analyze changes in blood acidity (pH), oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) in patients with massive pleural effusion at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. This was a prospective cohort study with a longitudinal data collection design according to the cohort method. The results of the overall linear regression analysis supported the effect of drainage on PaCO2, PaO2, and pH, and indicated that the relationship between drainage volume and PaO2 was positive. Meanwhile, descriptively and statistically, there was no meaningful relationship between pH and PaCO2 and drainage volume. In conclusion, there is a positive relationship between drainage volume and PaO2, however, there is no significant relationship between pH and PaCO2 with drainage volume.Keywords: massive pleural effusion; pH; PaCO2; PaO2 Abstrak: Efusi pleura masif adalah suatu keadaan dimana terjadi penumpukan cairan melebihi volum normal di dalam kavum pleura dengan volume duapertiga dari satu sisi lapang paru yang dapat dibuktikan dengan bantuan X foto toraks. Drainase cairan efusi pleura merupakan manajemen tatalaksana untuk efusi pleura, namun memiliki komplikasi seperti nyeri, perdarahan, pneumotorak, dan edema paru. Analisis gas darah merupakan pemeriksaan yang sederhana namun esensial dalam ilmu kedokteran gawat darurat, yang mampu memberikan informasi berharga mengenai status asam basa, ventilasi maupun oksigenasi dari pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisis perubahan tingkat keasaman darah (pH), tekanan parsial oksigen (PaO2) dan karbon dioksida (PaCO2) pada pasien dengan efusi pleura massif. Jenis penelitian ialah prospektif dengan desain pengumpulan data longitudinal menurut metode kohort di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Hasil analisis regresi linear secara keseluruhan menunjang efek volume drainase terhadap PaCO2, PaO2, dan pH dengan hasil hubungan volume drainase dengan PaO2 bersifat positif namun tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara pH dan PaCO2 dengan volume drainage. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan positif antara volume drainase dengan PaO2, namun tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara pH dan PaCO2 dan volume drainase.Kata kunci: efusi pleura massif; pH; PaCO2; PaO2
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Maria, Paulo E. L. S., Flávia C. M. S. Maria, and Ian S. M. Martins. "Some Applications of Linear Viscoelasticity to Problems of Consolidation under Variable Loading." Soils and Rocks 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.311015.
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The main purpose of this paper is to present a general method to derive closed form solutions for one-dimensional consolidation problems under time dependent loading using the Linear Viscoelasticity theory. A review of the basic concepts of this theory is initially presented and, mainly for illustration purposes, the method is applied to three consolidation problems, leading to relevant solutions for Geotechnical Engineering. In the first application, considering Terzaghi’s and Barron’s solutions, creep functions are determined for vertical and radial drainage, allowing derivation of expressions for one-dimensional consolidation under a number of linear loads for these drainage conditions. Using Carrillo’s equation, the creep function for combined vertical and radial drainage is obtained, leading to corresponding solution for linear variable loading. Partial submersion of embankments on soft soils is another consolidation problem under time dependent loading solved by means of Viscoelasticity. Classical approximate solutions are used in this second application to establish creep functions for vertical drainage and exact Barron’s solution to establish creep function for radial drainage. An expression for late stages of consolidation is also derived for combined vertical and radial drainage condition. The third application considers the problem of load transfer from a consolidating deposit of soft clay to a pattern of drain columns of finite stiffness. Diagrams concerning a case of consolidation under linear variable three-step loading and consolidation with partial submersion of the fill are provided to illustrate the solutions obtained.
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Wang, Qiang, and LiYuan Tong. "Determination Permeability Coefficient from Piezocone." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/396428.
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The permeability coefficient of soil profile is one of the problems concerned by engineers, and the determination of permeability coefficient method mainly relies on the laboratory permeability test and field pumping test, but these tests are time-consuming and inefficient, and especially the permeability coefficient of soil under the condition of partial drainage was difficult to determine; in this paper, the modern digital CPTU technology was used. Dimensional permeabilityKTwas defined by using the dimensionless normalized cone tip resistanceQt, friction factorFr, and pore pressure ratioBq, these parameters enable plots ofBq-Qt,Fr-Qt,Bq-Frto be contouredKTand hence for permeability coefficient. The relationship has been applied to Nanjing 4th Yangtze river bridge, and compared with laboratory penetration test. The results indicate that the method can accurately determine the permeability coefficient of soil under partial drainage condition and provide the theoretical basis for engineering application.
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Restrepo, M. Santiago, Osamah Aldoss, and Benton Ng. "Persistent primitive hepatic venous plexus with Scimitar syndrome: description of a case and review of the literature." Cardiology in the Young 25, no. 5 (September 24, 2014): 1009–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951114001498.
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AbstractPersistent primitive hepatic venous plexus is an anomaly of the systemic venous return characterised by postnatal persistence of the foetal intrahepatic venous drainage. Scimitar syndrome is a condition that consists of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return of the right pulmonary venous drainage into the systemic veins, associated with pulmonary artery hypoplasia with the underdeveloped right lung, pulmonary sequestration, and cardiac malposition. Both conditions are rare and together have been rarely described in the literature. We report the first case of this combination of lesions imaged by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with a three-dimensional reconstruction and reviewed the literature to characterise this uncommon combination.
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Siddiqui, A. M., A. Walait, T. Haroon, and J. Smeltzer. "Transient drainage of the thin film of linearly viscous MHD fluid on a slippery flat belt." Canadian Journal of Physics 94, no. 4 (April 2016): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2015-0181.
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This paper considered the transient drainage of a linearly viscous magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid down a vertical flat slippery belt. An inhomogeneous partial differential equation with an inhomogeneous boundary condition was developed. Exact solutions for the velocity distribution, flow rate, surface profile, and variable thickness were then computed. The effect of MHD and the slip parameter on the velocity, flow rate, and surface profile were then considered. The effect of the magnetic field on the derived flow properties was discussed and represented graphically. It was determined that the absence of the magnetic field and the assumption of no-slip boundary conditions reduced the problem to the well-known Jeffreys problem.
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Lai, Jin Xing, Hao Bo Fan, and Fei Zhou. "Fluid-Solid Coupling Numerical Simulation for Tunnel in Fracture Zone Based on 2D-FLAC Software." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.167.
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To understand the stressed characteristic of fault rupture zone under high hydraulic pressure, based on the F3 fault of Guanshan tunnel the software 2D-FLAC is adopted to found the fluid-solid coupling numerical model of ground water seepage and evolution in the process of tunnel structure in fault rupture zone under high hydraulic pressure and analyze the mechanical character of tunnel structure in three schemes of whole block, free discharge and limit discharge. The result shows that in the whole block condition, the partial seepage of ground water happened and the lining thickness should be more than 60cm; Regardless of water pressure, the rock is damaged at a large range, and the minimum safety factor of the lining structure meet the tunnel design standard; In the limit discharge condition, the grouting reinforced ring makes the effect of limiting drainage and keeping the tunnel’s stability in the construction. The tunnel drainage gets smaller with the increase of grouting ring’s thickness and the decrease of grouting ring’s penetration parameter; setting the drainage system can decrease the hydraulic pressure at the back of lining as well as grouting and water blocking.
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Momen, Mostafa, Zhong Zheng, Elie Bou-Zeid, and Howard A. Stone. "Inertial gravity currents produced by fluid drainage from an edge." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 827 (August 29, 2017): 640–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.480.
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We present theoretical, numerical and experimental studies of the release of a finite volume of fluid instantaneously from an edge of a rectangular domain for high Reynolds number flows. For the cases we considered, the results indicate that approximately half of the initial volume exits during an early adjustment period. Then, the inertial gravity current reaches a self-similar phase during which approximately 40 % of its volume drains and its height decreases as $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}^{-2}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ is a dimensionless time that is derived with the typical gravity wave speed and the horizontal length of the domain. Based on scaling arguments, we reduce the shallow-water partial differential equations into two nonlinear ordinary differential equations (representing the continuity and momentum equations), which are solved analytically by imposing a zero velocity boundary condition at the closed end wall and a critical Froude number condition at the open edge. The solutions are in good agreement with the performed experiments and direct numerical simulations for various geometries, densities and viscosities. This study provides new insights into the dynamical behaviour of a fluid draining from an edge in the inertial regime. The solutions may be useful for environmental, geophysical and engineering applications such as open channel flows, ventilations and dam-break problems.
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Setiono, Joko. "STUDI EVALUASI JARINGAN DRAINASE JALAN DANAU MANINJAU RAYA KOTA MALANG." PROKONS Jurusan Teknik Sipil 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2013): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/prokons.v7i2.42.
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Along with the very rapid growth of urban areas in Indonesia, urban drainage problems is increasing as well. In general, the handling of drainage in many cities in Indonesia still partial, so it does not solve the problem completely flooding and inundation. Changes in land use due to increasing population growth, requires an adequate supply of residential land, the impact of which directly increases the discharge surface runoff will be collected in drainage channels. Sawojajar Housing is one of the biggest housing in the city of Malang, where the housing development, keep a few problems, one of the flood that happened in 2008 and the incidence of every rainy season yaang inundation caused by the drainage capacity is not accommodating discharge runoff, due to changes in land use and waste sludge. From the analysis of the magnitude of the runoff discharge using recent data, the amount of runoff discharge time 2-year anniversary of 1.66 - 2:32 m3/sec and time again for 5 years 2.1 - 4.2 m3/sec. The dimensions of the existing channel is still accommodate runoff discharge is seen from the criteria condition that occurs sub critical flow (flow). Problems that occur in the hydraulic aspects of the meeting Maninjau Jalan channel as a primary channel that is too upright dg channel Maninjau road so no back-flow, water can not get in and not be able to accommodate discharge from the channel Maninjau Road. Keyword: Flow, Drainage, Flood
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Muradi, Akhmadu, Fadhli Waznan, Cynthia Jasirwan, Dedy Pratama, and Raden Suhartono. "Pancytopenia and Massive Gastroesophageal Bleeding Due to Hypersplenism Treated with Partial Splenic Embolization." Journal of Indonesian Society for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36864/jinasvs.2020.1.011.
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Introduction: Portal hypertension may cause gastrointestinal complications; one of the most serious is a ruptured esophageal varices. Portal hypertension is also the main cause of hypersplenism, which in turn could lead to pancytopenia. Despite adequate therapy, some cases of hypersplenism could not be resolved. Partial splenic embolization (PSE) is an effective alternative method to treat this condition. Method: We reported two cases of hypersplenism treated with PSE. The first case was a 10- year-old girl with pancytopenia and a history of recurrent esophageal ligation. The second case was a 32-year-old man with recurrent episodes of hematemesis for two years before admission. Results: After the PSE procedure, the first patient’s white blood cell and platelet doubled in one month after procedure and stable at follow-up three months later, with no complaint of hematemesis. The second patient’s platelet doubled five days after the procedure. The first patient developed a complication of a splenic abscess, but after antibiotic administration and pus drainage, the condition was resolved. Conclusion: PSE is an effective method to treat hypersplenism secondary to the hypertensive portal. Treatment goals successfully achieved include improvement in blood count and control of bleeding. There are risks following PSE, but with adequate treatment, it can be overcome. Keywords: hypersplenism, partial splenic embolization, portal hypertension, pancytopenia
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Xiao, Menghua, Yuanyuan Li, Bin Lu, and Zimei Miao. "Response of Physiological Indicators to Environmental Factors under Water Level Regulation of Paddy Fields in Southern China." Water 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121772.
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Agricultural water level control is the key to the combined control of water-saving irrigation and controlled drainage. It is easy to observe and master in farmland practice, and has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, a systematic study on stomatal regulation and photosynthetic-evapotranspiration coupling mechanism, as well as the effect of meteorological environmental factors on photosynthetic-evapotranspiration coupling mechanism of paddy rice in drought and flooding conditions was conducted by taking paddy field’s water level as a regulation indicator of paddy rice’s irrigation and drainage. Results showed that net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and evapotranspiration rate (Tr) had quadratic and linear relationship with stomatal conductance (Gs), respectively. The responding range of Gs in drought condition was lower than that in flooding condition. Drought stress aggravated the photosynthetic stomatal limitation of rice leaves at noon, and partial closure of stomata was the main reason resulting in the reduction of Pn suffering from drought at noon. Change curve of paddy rice’s leaf temperature difference (ΔT) showed a W or V type daily change curve and its change rule was rightly contrary to that of Tr. Pn had quadratic curve relationships with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and surrounding CO2 concentration (Cs) both in the morning and in the afternoon, Pn had quadratic curve relationships in the morning and linear relationships in the afternoon with air temperature (Ta), respectively. Tr showed linear relationships with PAR, Ta, relative air humidity (RH) and barometric pressure saturation deficit (VPD).
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Li, Baoyan, Hasan Kesserwan, Gudong Jin, and S. Mark Ma. "NMR Fluid Substitution–A New Method of Reconstructing T2 Distributions Under Primary Drainage and Imbibition Conditions." Petrophysics – The SPWLA Journal of Formation Evaluation and Reservoir Description 62, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 362–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/pjv62n4-2021a2.
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Most nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based petrophysics models, such as pore structure characterization and permeability prediction, were developed using T2 distributions measured at fully water-saturated conditions (i.e., Sw = 1). The downhole implementation of those models across the hydrocarbon zones is disputable due to partial saturation (Sw < 1) conditions; hence, a correction to such effects on T2 distributions is required. This paper provides a critical review of the fluid substitution methods currently available in the industry and presents an improved method for enhanced formation evaluation. In the new method presented, an effective irreducible water saturation model is used to account for the pore structure and capillary pressure effects, which were barely considered by the currently available NMR fluid substitution methods. For water-wet reservoir rocks, the typical NMR T2 distribution at the partial saturation condition displays a clear separation between the wetting and nonwetting phases. The water phase can be classified as irreducible and movable fluid volumes. Then, using a T2 mapping relationship and a total porosity constraint, the T2 distribution of movable water at Sw < 1 is shifted and amplified to determine the T2 distribution of movable water at Sw = 1. To validate the new method, NMR measurements were conducted on sandstone samples at Sw = 1 as well as Sw < 1. The reconstructed T2 distribution at Sw = 1 was compared with the measured T2 distribution at Sw = 1. Results showed that the reconstructed T2 distribution matched very well with the T2 distribution measured at Sw = 1, confirming the robustness of the new technique. Parameters used in the reconstruction methodology are observed to be a good indicator of pore connectivity. During desaturation, the water T2 in large pores shifts to a shorter T2 because of the enhanced surface relaxation as the water volume decreases while the surface area remains constant. Therefore, the amplitude at the short T2 increases. The increased amplitude was remapped to large pores in reconstructing T2 spectra of full saturation.
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Ammar, Ammar A. "Hydrological Spatial Analysis of Wadi Alkuf Catchment Area, Cyrenaica, Northeastern Libya." Al-Mukhtar Journal of Sciences 33, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v33i3.237.
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Morphometric analysis reveals that the Wadi Alkuf drainage, on the northern flank of Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Cyrenaica, northeastern Libya, is characterized by dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. The development of stream segments in the basin area is apparently affected by intermittent rainfall and geological structure control such as joints set, fractures and faults, as the general area is of limestone karstic character. The analysis reveals that the total number and total length of stream segments reach maximum of 6233 segments in first order streams but decrease to 620 segments in 6th order streams. The bifurcation ratio (Rb) between different successive orders varies between 0.7 in 6th order and 3.5 for third order passing through 2.43 in second order. A mean bifurcation ratio of 1.42 indicates a partial structural control. The stream frequency (Fs) value of 8.87 exhibits positive correlation with the drainage density value of 1.97, whereas the drainage density (Dd) indicates clearly that the region has permeable subsoil and relatively moderate vegetation cover. Calculated Circularity Ratio (Rc) of 0.215 and Elongation Ratio (Re) of 0.15 suggest that the drainage basin is typically elongated in shape, has a low discharge of runoff and relatively permeable subsoil condition. Form Factor (Rf) of 0.22, represents a flatter peak of flow for a longer duration. Flood flows of such elongated basins are easier to manage than of circular basins. It becomes evident that morphometric analysis would contribute to understanding of the dominant geo-hydrological characteristics and processing of watershed planning and management utilizing geospatial techniques based on GIS application and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) analysis.
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Yang, Fan, Pengcheng Chang, Wenzhu Hu, Beibei Mao, Chao Liu, and Zhongbin Li. "Numerical Study on Pressure Pulsation in a Slanted Axial-Flow Pump Device under Partial Loads." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 14, 2021): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081404.
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The 30° slanted axial-flow pump device is widely used in agricultural irrigation and urban drainage in plains areas of China. However, during the actual operation process, the 30° slanted axial-flow pump device is prone to vibration, noise, cracks in the blades, and other phenomena that affect the safe and stable operation of the pump device. In order to analyze the flow pressure pulsation characteristics of the 30° slanted axial-flow pump device under different flow conditions, the time–frequency domain analysis method was used to analyze the pressure pulsation of each flow structure of the 30° slanted axial-flow pump device. The results showed that the internal pulsation law of the elbow oblique inlet flow channel is similar. At the 1.2 Qbep condition, the amplitude fluctuation of the pressure pulsation was small, and the main frequency is 4 times the rotating frequency. The monitoring points at the outlet of the elbow oblique inlet flow channel were affected by the impeller rotation, and the pressure pulsation amplitude was larger than that inside the elbow oblique inlet flow channel. The pressure fluctuation of each monitoring point at the inlet surface of the impeller was affected by the number of blades. There were four peaks and four valleys, and the main frequency was 4 times the rotating frequency. The amplitude of pressure fluctuation increased gradually from the hub to the rim. The main frequency of pressure fluctuation at each monitoring point of the impeller outlet surface was 4 times of the rotating frequency, and the low frequency was rich. The amplitude of pressure fluctuation was significantly lower than that of the impeller inlet. With the increase of flow rate, the peak fluctuation of pressure coefficient decreased gradually, and the amplitude of pressure fluctuation tended to be stable. Under 0.8 Qbep and 1.0 Qbep conditions, the large fluctuation of the pressure fluctuation amplitude on the outlet surface of the guide vane was mainly affected by the low-frequency fluctuation. Under the 1.2 Qbep condition, the pressure fluctuation amplitude changed periodically.
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Denysyk, Hryhoriy I., and Sofiia K. Mizina. "Regional reclamation landscape technical systems: current status and rational use." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112138.
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The problems of the current state of possibilities of reconstruction and rational use of regional reclamation landscape technical systems have been considered. It has been noted that for studying the process of their formation and modern functioning GIS-method (GIS-packages SAS.Planet.Release and GoogleEarthPro) were used in addition to field landscape research. The meaning of the concept of “reclamation landscape technical system” as a structure in which interconnected hydraulic structures and water bodies that are necessary to ensure and maintain the optimal operation mode of the reclamation landscape complex has been clarified. The main types of reclamation such as hydraulic, cultural, chemical, agrotechnical and agroforestrytechnical have been partially discribed. The essence of the concept of “hydraulic reclamation” as a set of measures aimed at improving the water- air (waterlogging and dehydration) regime of soils has been considered more detailed. The expediency of resumption of reclamation measures in the territory of Ukraine has been confirmed, as 2/3 of its area is in conditions of unfavorable water regime. This study is focused on the analysis of drainage and humidification systems as the most effective in ensuring the regulation of excessive moisture or its deficit. It has been shown that the peak of reclamation works and construction of reclamation landscape technical systems was observed 1950–1965. The largest irrigation, drainage, polder and drainage-humidification systems in Ukraine have been discribed. It has been found that the decline of reclamation systems began in 1991 and was characterized by a reduction in the area of irrigated and drained lands and the deterioration of their ecological condition. Emphasis has been placed on the study of regional drainage and humidification systems and three stages of their development in Ukraine have been identified. Possible measures for the rational use of reclamation systems on the example of the Trubizh regional drainage and humidification landscape technical system have been proposed. It has been noted that the development of regional plans for the rational use of this system should be based on the analysis of the history of economic development of the Trubizh river basin and taking into account the specifics of the landscape structure of the canal-floodplain type. Reconstruction of the reclamation system has been recommended to conduct in two stages: the first one is based on the modernization of hydraulic structures and the main canal, the second one is based on the internal and landscape structure of the system. The feasibility of partial restructuring of the open network for closed drainage and the creation of temporary drainage channels has been confirmed, which will allow more rational use of resources of the Trubizh reclamation landscape technical system.
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Song, Liang, Zhen Xing Yang, Hao Wang, Zi Hao Wang, and Huan Qiang Zhang. "On the Seepage Stability of a Tailing Dam in Wushan Copper Mine." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.207.
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The tailing pond of Wushan copper mine is located in a valley among the mountains, with kinds of hidden troubles like the overflow of the saturation line, the swamping and piping of partial section, and some local deformation, which appeared on both the starter dam and the tailing embankment in the early stage. To meet the requirement of production, a new tailing pond named No.2 Tailing Pond was built in the downstream of the original No.1tailing pond. At present, in No.1 dam, the part below 37m water level was totally submerged by the water, then the condition of the seepage field will change with the rising water level. For the safety of production and to provide a scientific basis to the management of the tailing dam, an analysis of seepage stability at four different conditions of two sections was carried out based on the field conditions of the dam. Finally, a comparison between the simulated results and the measured results was made, the results show that the existing drainage system is safe and effective, and the seepage deformation of Wushan tailing dam will not happen.
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Lu, Jing, and Djebbar Tiab. "Pseudo-Steady-State Productivity Formula for a Partially Penetrating Vertical Well in a Box-Shaped Reservoir." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/907206.
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For a bounded reservoir with no flow boundaries, the pseudo-steady-state flow regime is common at long-producing times. Taking a partially penetrating well as a uniform line sink in three dimensional space, by the orthogonal decomposition of Dirac function and using Green's function to three-dimensional Laplace equation with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition, this paper presents step-by-step derivations of a pseudo-steady-state productivity formula for a partially penetrating vertical well arbitrarily located in a closed anisotropic box-shaped drainage volume. A formula for calculating pseudo skin factor due to partial penetration is derived in detailed steps. A convenient expression is presented for calculating the shape factor of an isotropic rectangle reservoir with a single fully penetrating vertical well, for arbitrary aspect ratio of the rectangle, and for arbitrary position of the well within the rectangle.
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Shen, Zhen Zhong, Li Zhang, and Li Qun Xu. "Optimization of Seepage Prevention Form of the Zhen’an Pumped Storage Power Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 724 (January 2015): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.724.180.
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The main dam of the upper reservoir of Zhen'an pumped storage power station in Shaanxi Province, China, is a concrete face rockfill dam with height of 125.90m and crest length of 363.00m. The in-situ drilling and geological prospecting show that the groundwater level is higher than the normal water level in part of the left bank and the reservoir tail, leading to the reversed seepage problem of the groundwater through concrete slab under drawdown condition. Based on the establishment and calculation of the three-dimentional finite element seepage model, the analysis and comparison was made between the overall seepage prevention composed of concrete slab + composite geomembrane and the partial seepage prevention composed of concrete slab + composite geomembrane + vertical grouting curtain [1,2]. The result was found that the seepage gradient requirement was met up by both forms, but due to the prevention of supply from the groundwater in the left bank and reservoir tail, the uplift pressure was formed locally in the overall seepage prevention, whereas such problem did not exist in the partial form. With the extra water supply from the groundwater, the partial seepage prevention works better in terms of leakage. Besides, the design of coarse sand drainage layer is well-served in reducing the water pressure beneath the composite geomembrane on the bottom of the reservoir [3]. It is suggested that the high groundwater should be fully utilized for security and economic benefit. The achievement and experience of this partial seepage prevention design should be taken into consideration for other similar projects.
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Popivanov, Georgi I., Marina N. Konaktchieva, Vladimir V. Vasilev, Kirien Ts Kjossev, Marin B. Penkov, Dimitar K. Penchev, Virsavia S. Vaseva, and Ventsislav M. Mutafchyiski. "Acute Appendicitis Remains a Great Mimicker – The Pitfalls in the Differential Diagnosis and Tactics - A Case Report." Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research 13, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jbcr-2020-0008.
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Summary Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common non-traumatic abdominal emergency. Despite the improved knowledge, experience, and technological advance, its diagnosis remains a challenge. Herein we report an example of a difficult diagnosis of acute appendicitis and comment on the possible pitfalls in the differential diagnosis and surgical tactics. We present the case of a 41-year-old man who had been admitted to another hospital with an initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis and changed to Crohn’s disease (CD). Because of a pelvic abscess, percutaneous drainage had been performed. Thrombosis of the right femoral vein had been diagnosed and treated accordingly. In an improved condition, he was referred for elective operation with a final diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumour based on cytology. At laparotomy, the appendix was found densely adherent to the right external iliac vein with a well-demarcated tumour (1 cm) at the base. Appendectomy with partial resection of the caecum with a linear stapler was performed. The histological examination revealed acute to chronic appendicitis with lymphoid follicle hyperplasia at the base. The case illustrates the necessity for broad differential diagnosis in AA and the possibility of severe vascular complications in complicated AA. Taking a detailed history and CT are of paramount importance for an accurate preoperative diagnosis, especially of CD. All emergency surgeons should also be familiar with the scenario of unexpected findings at laparotomy, especially with the management of CD and the algorithms for treatment of appendiceal malignancies. The mini-invasive drainage of right iliac fossa abscess allows for optimizing the patient’s condition and may help to avoid unnecessary extensive resections.
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Gavrilov, G. V., A. V. Stanishevskiy, B. V. Gaydar, and D. V. Svistov. "Surgical treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (literature rewiew)." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 178, no. 2 (May 24, 2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2019-178-2-73-78.
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Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a pathological condition characterized by ventricular expansion in combination with normal intracranial pressure and manifested by a specific triad of symptoms, including gait disorders, cognitive disorders and urinary incontinence. The prevalence of the disease has not been fully studied and according to various population epidemiological researches reaches 0.3–3 % among patients older than 61 years. A feature that differs normal pressure hydrocephalus from other neurodegenerative diseases is the possibility of full or partial regression of neurological symptoms after surgical treatment. The most common surgical intervention for normal pressure hydrocephalus is ventriculoperitoneal shunting. It is an implantation of a system of catheters connected by pump-valve into the patient’s body, that drainage cerebrospinal fluid from ventricles to abdomen cavity. Correct and timely surgical treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus allows increasing the quality of life of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and, as a result, the quality of life of their relatives and friends.
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Lendorf, Axel, Jan Struckmann, Hans H. Strange-Vognsen, and S. Levin Nielsen. "Congenital Angiodysplasia of the Lower Limb: The Klippel—Trenaunay Syndrome and Arteriovenous Fistulae." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 3, no. 1 (March 1988): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835558800300105.
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During a 10-year period 13 patients were admitted on suspicion of congenital arteriovenous fistulae. Two patients turned out to have a Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome without evidence of arteriovenous fistula and two patients had agenesis of the venous drainage system. Evaluation by noninvasive methods for classification of this rare condition is of the microsphere injection technique before arteriography and venous emptying measurement before venography. From our experience only the microsphere technique is recommended to evaluate the severity of the shunting. The possibility of a partial excision of the angiodysplasia is the task of the surgeon facing the impossibility of radical operation. Therefore arteriograms should guide the surgeon in his attempt to reduce the hemodynamic consequence of shunting. Patients having a normal arteriogram should have a venogram before surgical exploration is attempted. In the series three patients turned out to have venous defects and removal of superficial varicosities would have aggravated the situation.
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Brown, James D., Dennis J. Woerde, Karon L. Hoffmann, Wen-Meng Liu, Sarah Goldsmid, and Narelle L. Brown. "Partial resolution of chronic unilateral sinonasal obstructive disease in a cat using a temporary polyvinylchloride stent." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 6, no. 2 (July 2020): 205511692094368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055116920943689.
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Case summary A 3-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented for further investigation of a swollen left eyelid and a hard, non-painful bony swelling over the left frontal sinus. Physical examination revealed no nasal discharge or airflow through the left nostril. A CT of the head revealed a left frontal sinus obstruction with expansile remodelling and osteolucency. Drainage of the frontal sinus obstruction was alleviated via placement of a temporary polyvinylchloride (PVC) stent that was left in place for 6 weeks. Purulent material removed from the frontal sinus returned a positive culture for Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptible to marbofloxacin that was continued for 4 weeks, and for an additional 2 weeks after stent removal. A left-sided mucoid nasal discharge returned 3 months after removal of the stent. Repeat CT performed 20 months after surgery found the presence of a gas-filled frontal sinus and partial resolution in the amount of fluid within the mid and rostral nasal cavity. A repeat positive culture for P aeruginosa was also obtained. The exact cause of the chronic unilateral sinonasal obstruction remains unclear, but an underlying chronic rhinitis with secondary obstructive frontal sinusitis or sinus mucocoele with secondary nasal extension was suspected. Relevance and novel information Chronic rhinosinusitis in cats can be a challenging condition to treat and cure. This case illustrates the partial resolution of chronic unilateral sinonasal obstructive disease in a cat using a temporary PVC stent.
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Dzidzava, I. I., I. V. Dmitrochenko, E. E. Fufaev, B. N. Kotiv, O. V. Barinov, D. A. Yasyuchenya, and V. A. Popov. "Endovideosurgical removal of ectopic thymoma." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma25961.
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A clinical case of endovascular surgical removal of ectopic thymoma in the hospital surgery clinic of S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy performed a planned surgical intervention - thymomtectomy from left-side thoracoscopic access. 4 thoracoports used. The time of surgical intervention was 125 minutes, the volume of intraoperative blood loss was less than 50 ml. The postoperative period was uneventful. Drainage removed the next day. There were no postoperative complications. Discharged on the 5th day of the postoperative period in satisfactory condition. It is believed that ectopic thymomas arise from scattered ectopic thymus tissue, which could not migrate to the anteroposterior mediastinum. Currently, the surgical method is the «gold standard» in the treatment of patients with thymus neoplasms. Complete surgical removal of the thymus gland is a prerequisite for the effective treatment of thymic tumors. The basic principle of radicalism is the complete excision of the tumor surrounding the tissue with the lymph nodes. Particular care should be exercised when removing the spurs of the gland, which often go high on the neck, as the left tissue can cause a relapse of the disease. To remove the thymus, various «open» (transcervical, full, partial and oblique partial transsternal, right-, left- and bilateral transpleural), video-assisted (thoracoscopic, transcervical and subciphoidal, transoral) and robot-assisted surgical approaches are proposed. In this case, the choice of surgical access should be approached individually in each case.
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Lajthia, Orgest, Jerry W. Chao, Max Mandelbaum, John S. Myseros, Chima Oluigbo, Suresh N. Magge, Christopher S. Zarella, Albert K. Oh, Gary F. Rogers, and Robert F. Keating. "Efficacy of immediate replacement of cranial bone graft following drainage of intracranial empyema." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 22, no. 3 (September 2018): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.3.peds17509.
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OBJECTIVEIntracranial empyema is a life-threatening condition associated with a high mortality rate and residual deleterious neurological effects if not diagnosed and managed promptly. The authors present their institutional experience with immediate reimplantation of the craniotomy flap and clarify the success of this method in terms of cranial integrity, risk of recurrent infection, and need for secondary procedures.METHODSA retrospective analysis of patients admitted for management of intracranial empyema during a 19-year period (1997–2016) identified 33 patients who underwent emergency drainage and decompression with a follow-up duration longer than 6 months, 23 of whom received immediate bone replacement. Medical records were analyzed for demographic information, extent and location of the infection, bone flap size, fixation method, need for further operative intervention, and duration of intravenous antibiotics.RESULTSThe mean patient age at surgery was 8.7 ± 5.7 years and the infections were largely secondary to sinusitis (52.8%), with the most common location being the frontal/temporal region (61.3%). Operative intervention involved removal of a total of 31 bone flaps with a mean surface area of 22.8 ± 26.9 cm2. Nearly all (96.8%) of the bone flaps replaced at the time of the initial surgery were viable over the long term. Eighteen patients (78.3%) required a single craniotomy in conjunction with antibiotic therapy to address the infection, whereas the remaining 21.7% required more than 1 surgery. Partial bone flap resorption was noted in only 1 (3.2%) of the 31 successfully replaced bone flaps. This patient eventually had his bone flap removed and received a split-calvaria bone graft. Twenty-one patients (91.3%) received postoperative CT scans to evaluate bone integrity. The mean follow-up duration of the cohort was 43.9 ± 54.0 months.CONCLUSIONSThe results of our investigation suggest that immediate replacement and stabilization of the bone flap after craniectomy for drainage of intracranial empyemas has a low risk of recurrent infection and is a safe and effective way to restore bone integrity in most patients.
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Shameem, Mohd, Rakesh Bhargava, Zuber Ahmad, Nazish Fatima, and Naveed Nazir Shah. "Mediastinal Hydatid Cyst Rupturing into the Pleural Cavity Associated with Pneumothorax: Case Report and Review of the Literature." Canadian Respiratory Journal 13, no. 4 (2006): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/154646.
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Hydatid disease remains a serious health problem in Mediterranean countries. Living in a rural area is an important risk factor for the disease. Hydatid cysts are usually located in the liver, lungs and brain. Mediastinal hydatid disease is very rare and has been noted only anecdotally in the literature. The present article reports a case of a mediastinal hydatid cyst rupturing into the pleural cavity, which was associated with pneumothorax of the same side. The patient’s previous chest x-rays (posteroanterior and left lateral views) showed a well-defined mediastinal mass on the left side, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the thorax (taken a few days after the chest x-ray) showed multiple round-to-oval soft tissue opacities with partial collapse of the left lung. An indirect hemagglutination test for echinococcus was positive. Even after two weeks of intercostal tube drainage, the patient’s condition did not improve. During thoracotomy, multiple daughter cysts were found in the pleural cavity, and the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst was confirmed after histopathological examination.
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Fragoso, Yára Dadalti. "The internet racing ahead of the scientific evidence: the case of "liberation treatment" for multiple sclerosis." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 69, no. 3 (June 2011): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2011000400022.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that typically affects young adults. A recent publication suggested that MS might originate from insufficient blood drainage in certain areas of the central nervous system. The condition was named chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). Other papers have not confirmed these findings and, therefore, the matter remains controversial. Nineteen months after the original publication on CCSVI and MS, another 22 papers have been published addressing the matter. No clinical trials have been carried out on the subject and there is no evidence-based indication to perform surgical vascular procedures in MS patients. However, over the same nineteen-month period, the internet discussion on the subject of CCSVI and MS has led to countless websites advertising treatment using vascular surgery for patients with MS all over the world. The treatment based on the CCSVI theory has appealingly been called "liberation treatment", thus making it difficult to explain to patients why a treatment that has been highly praised (on the internet) cannot be recommended based on partial medical results that await confirmation.
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Kuroiwa, Masatsugu, Masato Kitazawa, Yusuke Miyagawa, Futoshi Muranaka, Shigeo Tokumaru, Satoshi Nakamura, Makoto Koyama, et al. "Mesh Migration into the Neobladder and Ileum with Complicated Fistula Formation following Incisional Hernia Repair." Case Reports in Surgery 2021 (October 25, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5683621.
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Background. Tension-free repair using mesh has become the standard treatment for abdominal wall incisional hernias. However, its postoperative complications reportedly include mesh infection, adhesions, and fistula formation in other organs. Here, we report an extremely rare case of mesh migration into the neobladder and ileum with entero-neobladder and neobladder-cutaneous fistulas. Case Presentation. An 80-year-old male who had undergone radical cystectomy 5 years ago and abdominal wall incisional hernia repair 3 years ago presented with fever and abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed mesh migration into the neobladder and ileum. He was treated conservatively with antibiotics for a month but did not show improvement; hence, he was transferred to our hospital. He was diagnosed with mesh migration into the neobladder and ileum with complicated fistula formation. He underwent mesh removal, partial neobladder resection, and partial small bowel resection. He developed superficial incisional surgical site infection, which improved with drainage and antibiotics, and he was discharged 40 days after the surgery. Conclusions. We reported a rare case of mesh migration into the neobladder and ileum with fistula formation. Successful conservative treatment cannot be expected for this condition because mesh migration into the intestinal tract causes infection and fistula formation. Hernia repair requires careful placement of the mesh such that it does not come into contact with the intestinal tract. Early surgical intervention is important if migration into the intestinal tract is observed.
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Umaña-Villalobos, Gerardo, and Aldo Farah-Pérez. "Revisiting the limnology of Lake Río Cuarto, Costa Rica, thirty-five years later." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 1-1 (May 10, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i1.33259.
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Lake Río Cuarto is a meromictic lake at low elevation in the North of Costa Rica. It offers an opportunity to compare its present state with the condition it had when first studied in the late 1970’s and occasional samplings since then. This comparison expects to identify changes that could be attributed to incipient effects of global climate change. We studied the limnology and conditions of its drainage area for three years (2013-2016) to compare with previous data. Vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, chlorophyll a, dissolved H2S were performed several times per year, for a total of 22 samplings. Aerial photographs taken since 1950 were analyzed to describe land use changes. The lake had a shallow Secchi depth (< 5 m) at all times. It was stratified on all occasions, with a thermocline that fluctuated between 10 and 20 m. It has a monimolimnion, with a chemocline at 14 to 22 m. Below the chemocline it was always anoxic, and during annual partial mixing events in the mixolimnion, oxygen levels decreased compared to stratified periods. There was a continuous presence of H2S from 20 m downwards, with annual fluctuations, being lower during partial mixing events. A peak in chlorophyll was detected on all occasions just below the thermocline. Land use around the lake hasn’t changed much since 1952, when only a rim of tree cover was left around the steep margins of the lake. The lake has maintained its limnological characteristics, with the only exception that it didn’t cooled down to historical levels. This limited response could be the result of the high relative depth and steep margins of the lake, which prevent the downward distribution of heat and keeps the lake in a meromictic state, preventing its mixing for long periods of time.
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He, Yong. "Clinical results of recombinant adenoviral human p53 gene in treatment of malignant pleural effusions caused by advanced lung cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e19026-e19026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e19026.
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e19026 Background: Management of the malignant pleural effusion caused by advanced or recurrent lung cancer is a big challenge for clinicians due to multiple reasons: patients’ poor conditions, resistance to chemo- or radio-therapy, intolerance to an aggressive treatment, et al. This report presents a new safe treatment for controlling this type of tough conditions. Methods: Fifty-six patients, 39 males and 17 females with an average age of 64.2 years old were included in this study. All these patients had either a lung cancer in advanced stage or a recurrent cancer after a radical tumorectomy, with malignant pleural effusion. After draining most of the effusion fluid, the patients received intra-cavity infusion of rAed-p53 once per week for 4 weeks, at dose of 2×1012 viral particles (VP) diluted into 300 ml of saline solution. The complete response is defined as the complete disappearance of pleural or peritoneal fluid and negative cytologic findings for >4 weeks, and the partial response is defined as a decrease over 50% of the fluid without the need of drainage and negative cytologic findings for >4 weeks. Results: Participants were followed up for a median time of 15 month. Fifty patients (26.8%) achieved a complete response (CR) and 23 (41.1%) achieved a partial response (PR). The overall response rate is 67.9%. Patients’ quality of life, assessed by using Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) scores, was improved by an average of 27.2. The one-year of overall survival rate was 48.2% with a median survival time of 11.0 months. There were no serious side effects observed except for self-limited fever found in 82.6% of the cases. Conclusions: Intra-cavity infusion of rAd-p53 is a safe and effective method for controlling the malignant pleural effusion for patients with advanced lung cancer and in a poor condition, especially for those who can’t tolerate the standard treatments.
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Liu, Licheng, and Anna Dai. "Endoscopy-Assisted Laparoscopic versus Laparoscopic Surgery for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor and the Impact on Patients’ Coagulation, Surgical Condition, and Complications." Journal of Oncology 2022 (March 23, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6847321.
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Objective. To assess the clinical efficiency of endoscopy-assisted laparoscopic versus laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal stromal tumors and the impact on patients’ coagulation, surgical condition, and complications. Methods. Between November 2016 and May 2020, 126 eligible patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in our institution were recruited. They were concurrently randomly assigned at a ratio of 1 : 1 to receive either laparoscopic gastrectomy (reference group) or endoscopy-assisted laparoscopic gastrectomy (research group). The two groups were compared in terms of patients’ coagulation function, surgical conditions, and complications. Results. The two groups had similar preoperative coagulation indices and the postoperative levels of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thromboplastin time (TT) ( P > 0.05 ). Compared with the reference group, the research group showed lower PT levels (10.48 ± 0.68 vs. 11.97 ± 0.46) and higher FIB levels (0.67 ± 0.11 vs. 0.29 ± 0.07) ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the reference group, the study group had shorter operative time (81.21 ± 10.24 min versus 98.98 ± 15.31 min), shorter surgical incision (3.63 ± 1.12 cm versus 5.01 ± 1.14 cm), and less intraoperative bleeding (18.74 ± 6.98 ml versus 58.69 ± 15.87 ml) ( P < 0.05 ). A markedly shorter length of hospital stay, time to the first postoperative exhaustion, and duration of drainage tube and gastric tube dwelling were observed in the research group versus the reference group ( P < 0.05 ). The study group presented higher nutritional levels of patients at 3 days after surgery and a lower incidence of complication. Conclusion. Endoscopy-assisted laparoscopic treatment shows significant improvements in the efficiency of minimally invasive surgery and ensures a better prognosis and quality of life of patients with a good safety profile, so it is worthy of clinical application.
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Sultana, Sharmin, Naharuma Aive Hyder Chowdhury, Abdul Momen, and Mohammad Sharifuzzaman. "Turkish Sword can Track the Way of Pulmonary Vein: A Concealed Finding." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 44, no. 1 (October 12, 2020): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v44i1.49711.
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Scimitar syndrome is an unusual developmental anomaly causing partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (right sided pulmonary veins) with left-to-right shunt at inter atrial septal level. It occurs more commonly in females, with occasional familial occurrence. The clinical presentation is variable. Patient may remain asymptomatic or may present with heart failure. The objective of this clinical case report is to highlight this unusual anomaly to avoid incorrect diagnosis. A girl of 13 years presented with unusual symptom of nausea following taking meal and a systolic murmur. At first she was diagnosed as “ASD Secundum”. But her typical “Turkish sword” feature of chest x-ray helped to identify anomalous drainage of right pulmonary veins into inferior vena cava and make the diagnosis as “Scimitar syndrome”. It is a total corrective anomaly. She was operated through open heart surgery, recovered early and discharged with a stable condition without any complication. This case illustrates the importance of thorough medical history, careful evaluation of investigation for proper diagnosis, treatment procedure and complications of a rare anomaly.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (1) :64-67
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Mallikarachchi, Hansini, and Kenichi Soga. "A Constitutive Model for Locally Drained Shear Bands in Globally Undrained Dense Sand." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 16005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199216005.
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When saturated granular materials which are dilative in nature are subjected to the undrained deformation, their strength increases due to the generation of negative excess pore pressure. This phenomenon is known as dilative hardening and can be witnessed in saturated dense sand or rocks during very fast loading. However, experimental evidence of undrained biaxial compression tests of dense sand shows a limit to this dilative hardening due to the formation of shear bands. There is no consensus in the literature about the mechanism which triggers these shear bands in the dense dilative sand under isochoric constraint. The possible theoretical reasoning is the local drainage inside the specimen under the globally undrained condition, which is challenging to be monitored experimentally. Hence, both incept of localisation and post-bifurcation of the saturated undrained dense sand demand further numerical investigation. Pathological mesh dependency hinders the ability of the finite element method to represent the localisation without advanced regularisation methods. This paper attempt to provide a macroscopic constitutive behaviour of the undrained deformation of the saturated dense sand in the presence of a locally drained shear band. Discontinuation of dilatant hardening due to partial drainage between the shear band and the adjacent material is integrated into the constitutive model without changing governing equilibrium equations. Initially, a classical bifurcation analysis is conducted to detect the inception and inclination of the shear band based on the underlying drained deformation. Then a post-bifurcation analysis is carried out assuming an embedded drained or partially drained shear band at gauss points which satisfy bifurcation criterion. The smeared shear band approach is utilised to homogenise the constitutive relationship. It is observed that the dilatant hardening in the saturated undrained dense sand is reduced considerably due to the formation of shear bands.
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Jones, Robert Francis Clifford, Timothy Hugh Warnock, Vimala Nayanar, and Jagdish Mitter Gupta. "Suprasellar Arachnoid Cysts: Management by Cyst Wall Resection." Neurosurgery 25, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198910000-00008.
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Abstract Five children with ventricular dilatation (4 boys, 1 girl) had features seen on computer tomographic scan that were consistent with suprasellar arachnoid cysts. All children were investigated with a CT ventriculogram and/or CT cisternogram, and no communication with the cyst was demonstrated. Three children were seen in the 1st year of life and the remaining 2 children were between 1 and 5 years of age. Hydrocephalus and developmental delay were the most common presenting features, followed by visual disturbance, squint, or ataxia. Direct surgical decompression was performed in all 5 patients to avoid long-term placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. A temporary shunt was placed in 2 children because of high intracranial pressure. Direct partial excision of the cyst wall to allow long-term drainage into the basal cisterns or ventricular system was successful in all children. The presence of subdural collections postoperatively required temporary shunting in 2 children. After follow-up for between 10 and 22 months no clinical endocrinological sequelae have been detected, but 2 children have raised serum prolactin levels. Three children are developmentally delayed; one of these has regained some skills since surgery. Direct surgical decompression of suprasellar arachnoid cysts to avoid long-term shunt placement is the preferred method of surgical treatment for this condition.
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Revina, Oksana A., and Galina F. Ermoshkina. "DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE MINOR RIVER BASINS IN THE WEST OF THE SMOLENSK-MOSCOW UPLAND AS AN INDICATOR FOR ASSESSING LANDSCAPE STABILITY." Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-3-154-171.
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Hydrological objects link the landscape into connected basins of the paragenetic system through energy and matter migration. It determines the relevance of geochemical monitoring of minor river basins as a condition for designing an effective ecological framework for the territory. We tried to identify regularities of the spatial distribution and migration of chemical elements in the basins of minor rivers in the west of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland. The method of cross-spectrum geochemical analysis helped us to study the river basins of the Vop-Dnieper hydrological region. We compiled 47 complex landscape descriptions. Thus, the maximum calcium and movable magnesium cations values are determined in the super-aqual landscapes of the river basins under study. In the minor river valleys, we find outwash of organic compounds from the outer layers of the geochemical landscape. The research determines the maximum values of the studied elements in the soils of super-aqual landscapes through migration with subsurface and surface run-off. The minimum values are in the eluvial landscape, where there is a partial loss of geochemically movable forms of metals, which increases due to acid and weak-acid reactions of the environment. Partial outwash of metals, in particular copper and zinc, happens to organic compounds of soils. Trans-eluvial landscape loses trace elements. However, some of them are retained due to falling out of solutions and suspensions. Calculations have shown that copper (conjugation coefficient is 2–3) and zinc (conjugation coefficient is approximately 2) are most actively involved in the migration. In contrast, manganese is less active. The research results present an assessment of the features related to the landscape-geochemical differentiation of the territory of the west of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland from the upper areas of watersheds to the lower elements of landscape-geochemical catenae, including simple drainage basins of minor rivers. The research shows that the active migration of chemical elements characterizes the minor river basins. They are indicators of the geochemical state of the landscape. One can use the research results to assess a landscape-ecological condition, improve an environmental management system, and optimize the natural environment.
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Vogt, Paul Robert, G. G. Khubulava, S. P. Marchenko, R. B. Badurov, T. L. Kornishina, M. Yu Novak, and A. A. Morozova. "SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SCIMITAR SYNDROME IN INFANT: A CLINICAL CASE." Pediatria. Journal named after G.N. Speransky 102, no. 1 (February 17, 2023): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24110/0031-403x-2023-102-1-154-159.
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Scimitar syndrome (SS) is an extremely rare congenital heart disease (CHD). There are two main clinical forms of the disorder: adult and infant. The usual course of the infantile form is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis. According to some reports the mortality could reach 100% without surgical treatment. The results of surgical treatment in this age group are currently unsatisfactory. Authors represent a clinical case of SS in a 4.5 months old male patient, who was in moderate and relatively stable condition upon admission. The severity of the patient’s condition was mainly caused by the progressive cardiac and respiratory failure. The diagnoses of CHD, SS were established during the clinical and instrumental examination: partial anomalous drainage of the right pulmonary veins into the inferior vena cava, hypoplasia of the right branch of the pulmonary artery, hypoplasia of the right lung, sequestration of the right lung, dextrocardia, secondary atrial septal defect (ASD), therefore, the indications for surgical correction were also identified. Ligation of the systemic pulmonary anastomoses, reimplantation of the right pulmonary vein collector into the left atrium, suturing of ASD under cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest had been performed. The postoperative period was difficult: the patient was supported with an artificial lung ventilation for long time. He was transferred to the general somatic department on the 28th day after the surgical intervention, which was then followed by a favorable long-term result. Conclusion: Authors represent a successful case of radical surgical treatment of a child aged 4.5 months old with a rare CHD using the non-standard technique for reimplantation of the pulmonary vein collector as well as the features of intraoperative support.
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Qassid Al Harbawi, Layth, Naseer Kadhim Jawad, Kadhim Jawad AL-Dhahiry, and Kasim Sakran Abass. "A retrospective analysis of surgical techniques and outcomes of hydatid disease in Wasit, Iraq." Journal of Medicine and Life 15, no. 3 (March 2022): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2021-0093.
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Echinococcosis is a parasitic infestation with high prevalence in Iraq. Surgical treatment remains the standard gold method for treating this disease. The selection of surgical approach depends on the general condition of the patient and characters of the cyst, e.g., size, location, number of cysts, intraoperative findings, and complications such as adhesion, bile leakage, and bleeding. Our study aimed (1) to summarize the most common surgical approaches for treating liver hydatid cyst (HC) in our locality, and (2) to highlight common intraoperative and postoperative complications and the duration of hospital stay. We analyzed the clinical data of 42 patients operated for liver HC. We found that the highest incidence rate of HC was anatomically in the right hepatic lobe with or without synchronous cysts in other organs. The most frequent type of surgery was partial pericystectomy with external tube drainage (ETD) or simple endocystectomy with omentoplasty and ETD. The most important intraoperative finding was cystic-biliary communication. The majority of patients had uneventful postoperative recovery. There is no standardized surgical procedure for hepatic HC. The surgical technique should be modified according to the cyst size, anatomic location of cyst/cysts, number of cysts, cystobiliary communications, cystic infection, and the presence of extrahepatic hydatid cyst or cysts. The surgeon’s experience plays a vital role in selecting the surgical technique for hepatic hydatid cystectomy.
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Mokbel, Tharwat H., Mohamed A. Khalaf, Sherief E. El-Khouly, and Nasser O. El-Metwally. "Flexible Ahmed Valve for Selected Cases of Refractory Glaucoma." European Journal of Ophthalmology 22, no. 1 (July 13, 2011): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000003.
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Purpose Glaucoma drainage implants are a useful alternative in treating glaucomas that are resistant to medical therapy and conventional glaucoma filtration surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate flexible Ahmed glaucoma valve implant for selected cases of refractory glaucoma regarding its efficiency in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible postoperative complications of its implantation and their management. Method Patients included in this study were selected from patients with uncontrolled IOP by conventional filtration surgery as well as maximum tolerable topical medical treatment when surgery or laser is unlikely to control IOP. For every patient, complete history of age, sex, and history of previous ocular disease was done. Ocular examination for IOP measurement, best-corrected visual acuity measurement, and condition of conjunctiva was done. Ahmed glaucoma valve flexible plate implant (FP7 and FP8) was used. Results The present study included 40 eyes of 40 patients and preoperative IOP ranged from 32 mmHg to 58 mmHg with a mean of 40.36 ± 7.78 mmHg. The postoperative IOP ranged between 14.0 mmHg and 28.0 mmHg with a mean of 18.73 ± 4.8 mmHg. The criteria of success were applied in 37 eyes of 40 eyes (92.5%); they included 30 eyes (81.8%) with absolute success and 7 eyes (18.9%) with partial success. Conclusions Flexible Ahmed glaucoma valve plate implant is a satisfactory method for controlling elevated IOP in cases of refractory glaucoma with success rate of 92.5% and lower incidence of immediate postoperative and implant-related complications.
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Bahar Moni, Ahmed Suparno, Monirul Hoque, Rayhan Ali Mollah, Razia Sultana Ivy, and Israt Mujib. "Diabetic Hand Infection: An Emerging Challenge." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 24, no. 03 (August 23, 2019): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835519500401.
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Background: Hand infection in diabetics is an often ignored but challenging condition. If not addressed effectively, it may result in long term disability, contracture, amputation and even death. Methods: From August 2014 to December 2015, a study was done in our centre, where 49 diabetic hand infection cases were analyzed in two groups, superficial and deep hand infection. Results: Mean age of the patients was 51.63 years. There were 21 superficial infections and 28 deep infections. Cause of infection was unknown or spontaneous in 16 cases, traumatic laceration or crush in 14 patients, following minor prick in 10 cases. Most of the cases were the results of neglected minor wound. Forty-one patients were insulin dependent. Five cases were diagnosed as diabetic at the time of treatment. Four patients were treated conservatively and 45 (92%) cases required operation in the form of incision, drainage and debridement. In 16 (35%) cases, wound was left open and was healed by secondary intention following regular dressing. In five patients, wound was closed secondarily. Partial thickness skin graft was applied in 15 cases. Seven patients were treated with flap coverage. Partial digital or ray amputation were done in 16 cases. All fingers except thumb were amputated in one case and amputation from wrist was done in another patient. Wound swabs were taken, and antibiotics were changed or continued accordingly. But reports of 26 cases were available. No growth was found in four cases, monomicrobial infection was found in 15 patients and polymicrobial in seven cases. Infection resolved with healing in 47 cases. Two patients died during treatment from sepsis, both were insulin dependent, had associated renal failure and from deep infection group. One patient developed severe mental disorder. Conclusions: For diabetic hand infection, early diagnosis and prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics and emergency surgery with extensile incision is crucial. Primary amputation of the part could be life and limb saving.
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Fukui, Taro, Takeshi Chochi, Toru Maeda, Chunyong Lee, Yohnosuke Wada, Masaki Ohashi, Jun Tashiro, et al. "Biliary Peritonitis Caused by Spontaneous Bile Duct Rupture in the Left Triangular Ligament of the Liver after Endoscopic Sphincterotomy for Choledocholithiasis." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 15, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000510932.
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Spontaneous bile duct rupture is a rare condition in adults, with only 70 cases reported. Increased bile duct wall pressure may lead to rupture and biliary peritonitis. In this patient, the bile duct ruptured in the hepatic left triangular ligament. A 91-year-old man underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for choledocholithiasis and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) placement. One week later, removal of the ERBD and common bile duct stones and an endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) were performed. Four days later, the patient had abdominal pain, increased inflammatory reaction, and jaundice. Abdominal computed tomography showed ascites, bile duct dilatation and fluid collection under the liver (10 cm in diameter). Emergency surgery was performed to drain the fluid. On laparotomy, encapsulated biliary ascites was seen. To search for the site of the leak, after cholecystectomy, a tube (C-tube) was inserted into the common bile duct via cystic duct stump. Because of uncontrollable bleeding, after packing with surgical gauze, the operation was temporarily stopped. The next day, reoperation was performed. Intraoperative cholangiography with contrast dye revealed the perforation site in the left triangular ligament and a partial resection was performed. Bile excretion from the C-tube was subsequently observed, but the patient’s jaundice did not improve. Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed that the EST site was normal, ERBD was placed again, and the jaundice gradually improved. Although EST was performed in this case, biliary peritonitis resulting from spontaneous bile duct rupture occurred. This case was very informative because biliary perforation may occur even after EST.
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Muhammad Munzil, Nur, Dompak Napitulu, and Rosyani Rosyani. "Integrasi Program Berkelanjutan Dalam Penanganan Kawasan Permukiman Kumuh di Kecamatan Tungkal Ilir." Jurnal Pembangunan Berkelanjutan 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jpb.v3i2.10090.
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The area of the slum area in Tungkal Ilir District, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency is 225.4 ha. The condition of buildings, environmental roads, environmental drainage, clean water, sanitation, solid waste and fire protection, are indicators of slum levels. In accordance with these indicators, the relevant Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) carry out programs in efforts to deal with slums. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of slum settlement management programs on the sustainability of slum area handling programs. The sampling method used is purposive sampling with 100 community respondents in slum locations and Stratified sampling with 30 ASN respondents, this study uses questionnaires and interviews with related parties in data retrieval. Analysis test uses SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) method and data processing using SmartPLS (Partial Least Square) software. The results showed the t-statistic for the Integration Program variable towards the Sustainable Cities variable was 2.185> t-statistic (1.96). The original sample estimate value shows a positive value (0.199). which shows that the relationship pattern of the integration of the program handling slum areas with the sustainability of the program is positive, with a moderate level. The results show that the integration of the program indirectly affects sustainable cities through community participation and slum areas that have not been implemented optimally and tend to be in the middle so that programs and activities that are integrated and synergized by the Regional Government in implementing sustainable cities still need to be implemented.
Keywords: Integration, Sustainable, Handling, Slums.
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Sanna, Elisabetta, Giacomo Chiappe, Fabrizio Lavra, Sonia Nemolato, Sara Oppi, Antonio Macciò, and Clelia Madeddu. "Diagnostic Framework of Pelvic Massive Necrosis with Peritonitis following Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: When Is the Surgery Not Demandable? A Case Report and Literature Review." Diagnostics 12, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020440.
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Concurrent platinum-based chemoradiation (CCRT) is the established treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer and has an acceptable toxicity. Radiation-induced necrosis of the uterus and pelvic tissue is a rare and usually late potential complication. Limited data are available about its management. Here, we describe a case of a patient affected by a locally advanced cervical cancer (stage IVA) who received CCRT, obtaining a partial response with persistence of bladder and rectal infiltration. Unfortunately, after the first brachytherapy dose, the patient developed a worsening clinical picture with fever and altered laboratory data indicative of sepsis; the computed tomography revealed a massive necrosis of the uterus with pelvic abscess and peritonitis. We performed a laparoscopic emergency surgery with removal of the necrotic tissue, supracervical hysterectomy, bilateral-oophorectomy, and abscess drainage. Thereafter, once the severe inflammatory condition was resolved, the patient underwent pelvic exenteration with palliative/curative intent. The postoperative PET/CT was negative for residual disease. However, the patient needed further hospitalization for re-occurrence of peritonitis with multiple abscesses. A careful diagnosis is crucial in locally advanced cervical cancer patients who, after CCRT, present persistent pain and problematic findings at imaging and laboratory parameters. In these cases, radiation-induced necrosis of the pelvis should be suspected. This case helps to clarify the central role of surgery, especially when actinic necrosis leads to complications such as abscess, fistulae, and extensive tissue destruction that cannot be conservatively medically handled. Laparoscopy represents an ideal approach to realizing the correct diagnosis, as well as enabling the performance of important therapeutic surgical procedures.
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Loftus, Christopher M., Brian R. Copeland, and Peter W. Carmel. "Cystic Supratentorial Gliomas: Natural History and Evaluation of Modes of Surgical Therapy." Neurosurgery 17, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198507000-00004.
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Abstract The management of cystic supratentorial gliomas is hampered by lack of documentation of the natural history of these lesions and by a lack of evaluation of modes of surgical therapy. We analyzed these factors in 25 patients with solitary cysts operated upon over a 20-year period. Two distinctive patterns of symptoms were seen: short duration (increased pressure and hemiparesis), most often heralding a malignant lesion, and long duration (commonly seizure disorder), associated more often with a benign pathological condition. Large solitary cysts were found in tumors of all histological grades. Surgical procedures included extirpation, biopsy/partial resection, cyst communication to ventricle or marsupi-alization, burr hole aspiration, aspiration via an indwelling reservoir, and cyst-peritoneal shunting. Radiotherapy, given in all cases, did not prevent cyst recurrence. Of the 25 patients, 76% are alive and remain cystfree at follow-up intervals of 1 to 16 years (mean, 3.2). Five patients died from their tumors, with a mean survial of 33 months after decompression. In 7 of 8 patients with cysts largely or entirely within the basal ganglia or thalamus, successful operative cyst control was achieved. Patients with solitary cystic gliomas seem to have a favorable prognosis, and vigorous efforts to control cyst recurrence and limit disability are warranted. Analysis of our data suggests that craniotomy for tumor resection, cyst decompression, and tissue diagnosis is the initial procedure of choice. Cyst recurrence without major solid tumor should be controlled by computed tomography-guided tap or shunt drainage. Reexploration is indicated when cyst reaccumulation is accompanied by clear regrowth of a solid component.
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Kodzo-Grey Venyo, Anthony. "Simple Cysts of the Kidney: A Review and Update." Journal of Clinical Surgery and Research 3, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2768-2757/030.
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Based upon radiology imaging features of cysts of the kidney, cysts of the kidney tend to be classified as (a) simple kidney cysts which fall under the sub-classification of Bosniak Category I and II cysts, or (b) complex renal cysts which tend to be classified as belonging to Bosniak Category III and IV cysts, or intermediate category kidney cysts which are sub-classified as belonging to Bosniak Category IIF group of renal cysts. Simple renal cysts represent benign kidney cysts that quite often tend to be asymptomatic so that generally they tend not to require any treatment and they tend to be managed conservatively or expectantly. Nevertheless, if a simple cyst of the kidney becomes symptomatic, it does need to be treated and percutaneous drainage of the kidney cyst combined with sclerotherapy or surgical treatment tends to be selected. Additionally if the size of a simple renal cysts is increasing clinicians often undertake treatment of the cysts to provide reassurance to their patients. There is no global consensus opinion regarding the treatment of simple kidney cysts. Some of the manifestations of simple renal cyst include: (a) Asymptomatic cysts of the kidney that are found incidentally upon radiology imaging investigation of a different condition, (b) a palpable lump/mass in the loin, (c) abdominal / loin pain, (d) hypertension and during investigation of the hypertension the simple cyst or cysts are found, (e) visible haematuria, (f) non-visible haematuria, (g) increasing abdominal girth, (i) loss of appetite, (j) nausea and vomiting, (k) constipation, (l) weight gain and other non-specific symptoms. Diagnosis of simple cysts tend to be undertaken and distinguished from complex renal cysts or cystic renal tumours based upon imaging features of radiology imaging options including non-contrast ultrasound scan of the renal tract, contrast-enhanced ultrasound scan (CEUS) of the renal tract, non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the renal tract, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of the renal tract, non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the renal tract, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) scan of the renal tract. Treatment options for simple kidney cysts have tended to involve various options including (a) conservative treatment / leave alone, (b) Expectant management with periodical radiology imaging for follow-up assessments, (c) Per-cutaneous aspiration of the kidney cyst(s)/drainage of the cyst(s), percutaneous aspiration / drainage and sclerotherapy of the kidney cysts, (d) selective renal artery angiography and super-selective embolization of the simple renal cyst(s), (e) marsupialization / decortication of the simple renal cysts by the open method or laparoscopy technique, (f) marsupialization / decortication of the simple renal cysts by the open method or laparoscopy technique plus wadding of the operation site with omental / fat interposition, (g) partial nephrectomy by the open or laparoscopy approach to excise the cyst(s), (h) nephrectomy by the open or laparoscopy technique for large simple polycystic kidneys. Complications that could be associated with aspiration / drainage and sclerotherapy of simple renal cysts include bleeding, infection, and pain plus recurrence and persistence of renal cysts and with regard to cysts in the upper pole of the kidney could be ensued by accidental injury to the spleen and basal lung atelectasis. Embolization of the arterial branch of large and multiple renal cysts could also be associated with post-embolization phenomenon (Wunderlich’s syndrome) including general malaise, fever, loss of appetite and raised white blood cell count that may mimic infection as well as last for a few weeks and this can be prevented by administration of pre-procedure and peri-procedure steroids for a short time. Other possible treatment options for simple kidney cysts that have not been tried include radiofrequency ablation of the residual cyst pursuant to aspiration / drainage / sclerotherapy of the renal cyst, and irreversible electroporation of the residual kidney cyst pursuant to aspiration/drainage/sclerotherapy of the kidney cyst. Considering that the morbidity that tends to be associated with open surgical treatment and laparoscopy treatment options for the management of simple kidney cysts tends to be worse in comparison with per-cutaneous aspiration/drainage/sclerotherapy, generally most clinicians tend not to undertake treatment of kidney cysts initially by the open and laparoscopy procedures. Considering that persistence / recurrence of simple renal cysts can occur or do occur pursuant to percutaneous aspiration/drainage/sclerotherapy of simple kidney cysts, it would be suggested that the undertaking of percutaneous angiography and super-selective embolization of residual simple renal cysts pursuant to the initial treatment or utilization of post-procedure radiofrequency ablation or irreversible electroporation of simple kidney cysts would help reduce the incidence of recurrent and persistent simple kidney cysts and if this is undertaken hopefully the need to undertake open or laparoscopy procedures for dimple kidney cysts would be reduced. There is a need to undertake a global multi-centre trial of various treatment options for simple kidney cysts in order to ascertain the best treatment option with durable long-term outcome of non-recurrence or persistence of the renal cyst(s).
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Talwar, Sachin, Vinitha Viswambharan Nair, Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Vishnubhatla Sreeniwas, Anita Saxena, Rajnish Juneja, Shyam Sunder Kothari, and Balram Airan. "Pericardiectomy in children <15 years of age." Cardiology in the Young 24, no. 4 (July 10, 2013): 616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951113000814.
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AbstractBetween January, 2002 and December, 2011, 27 patients (19 boys) underwent pericardiectomy. The mean age was 9.3 ± 4.96 years (range 0.4 to 15 years) and the mean duration of symptoms was 16.9 ± 22.15 months. In all, 25 patients had dyspnoea; eight were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV; six had bacterial pericarditis; and 18 were on anti-tuberculosis treatment, although only nine had records suggesting tuberculosis. There were nine patients who underwent pre-operative pigtail catheter drainage of pericardial fluid. Surgical procedures were complete pericardiectomy (n = 20), partial pericardiectomy (n = 6), and pleuropericardial window (n = 1).The mean pre-operative right atrial pressure was 20.4 ± 4.93 mmHg. There were six hospital deaths due to low cardiac output (n = 5) and arrhythmia (n = 1). The mean intensive care unit stay was 2.7 ± 1.2 days and mean post-operative stay was 9.9 days. The mean right atrial pressure dropped to 8.7 ± 1.15 mmHg. Adverse outcomes defined as death/prolonged intensive care unit stay, prolonged post-operative stay were not associated with sex, diagnosis of tuberculosis or pyopericardium, or the duration of symptoms or pre-operative right atrial pressure. Younger patients had prolonged intensive care unit stay (p = 0.03) but not increased mortality. Advanced NYHA class predicted death (p = 0.02). The mean follow-up was 23.1 ± 23.8 months. All except one survivor are in NYHA class I and off all cardiac medications. Despite adequate surgery, pericardiectomy in children is associated with a high mortality, which is related to delayed surgery and poor pre-operative general condition. No specific pre-operative variable other than worse pre-operative NYHA class is a predictor of survival. Therefore, early pericardiectomy should be undertaken in such patients.
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Salgado, Rodrigo, and Monica Prezzi. "Penetration Rate Effects on Cone Resistance: Insights From Calibration Chamber and Field Testing." Soils and Rocks 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.373233.
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Cone penetration in mixed or intermediate soils (soils containing mixtures of sand, silt and clay) is neither fully drained nor fully undrained at the standard cone penetration rate of 20 mm/s. Considerable research, mainly relying on centrifuge tests, has been undertaken to quantify the effects of penetration rate (and thus partial drainage) on cone resistance. In this paper, the effects of penetration rate on cone resistance in saturated clayey soils were investigated by performing field tests and miniature cone penetration tests in a calibration chamber. The field tests were performed at sites especially selected to span the range of drainage conditions from fully drained to fully undrained. The calibration chamber tests, using both conical and flat-tip penetrometers, were performed at different penetration rates in two specimens prepared by mixing kaolin clay and sand with different mixing ratios and one-dimensionally consolidateding the mixtures. A correlation between cone resistance and drainage conditions is established based on the cone penetration test results. The transitions from no drainage to partial drainage and from partial drainage to full drainage are defined as a function of penetration rate normalized with respect to the penetrometer diameter and the coefficient of consolidation.
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Sivathayalan, Siva, and Paramaguru Logeswaran. "Behaviour of sands under generalized drainage boundary conditions." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-110.
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An experimental study of the behaviour of sands under generalized drainage boundary conditions is presented. The influence of partially drained conditions, which generally is a reflection of the loading rate and the permeability of the soil, has been studied by limiting the volumetric deformation between drained and undrained states. The effect of potential pore-pressure variations in situ has been assessed by simulating various levels of volumetric deformation during shear. Conventional drained and undrained tests were also carried out on the same sands to enable a direct evaluation of the effect of drainage. A triaxial device with the ability to control strain-paths was used to carry out the tests, and all tests were performed under compression loading with no change in total lateral stress. A systematic change in the stress–strain response was noted as the drainage conditions gradually change from drained to undrained. The maximum excess pore pressure generated owing to inhibition of drainage is almost linearly related to the amount of drainage blocked. These results support the contention that the undrained state may not represent the most damaging scenario under field loading conditions. Much smaller minimum shear strength values compared with the undrained strength were measured when pore-pressure boundary conditions caused expansive volume changes. The domain of strain-softening response, and hence liquefaction susceptibility, increased owing to such loading.Key words: partial drainage, liquefaction, strain softening, laboratory testing, soil mechanics.
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Schnaid, F., E. Odebrecht, J. Sosnoski, and P. K. Robertson. "Effects of test procedure on flat dilatometer test (DMT) results in intermediate soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 8 (August 2016): 1270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0463.
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The evaluation of rate effects on the flat dilatometer test (DMT) can best be developed with some knowledge of the excess pore pressures generated during penetration, dissipation, and subsequent membrane expansion. While research that includes pore pressure measurements in the DMT has documented drainage conditions in clean sand and soft clay, further studies are required to determine the drainage conditions during the DMT in intermediate permeability soils, such as silts. For that purpose, a simple and inexpensive research device has been developed for monitoring pore pressures at the center of the DMT blade. Data using both a standard DMT and the modified research DMT from various tests in sand, silt, and clay have been compared in a space that correlates dimensionless velocity to degree of drainage. In this space, it is possible to evaluate whether partial drainage is taking place. Measurements indicate that the DMT is essentially undrained in soft clay and dominated by penetration pore pressures, is drained in clean sand and is partially drained in intermediate permeability soils, such as silt. A method is suggested to identify soils where partial drainage may influence the standard DMT results.
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Bushev, Jane. "IATROGENIC PNEUMOTHORAX." MEDIS – International Journal of Medical Sciences and Research 1, no. 3 (August 30, 2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/medisij010319b.
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Iatrogenic (a subtype of traumatic) pneumothorax commonly occurs as a complication of transthoracic puncture biopsy (TTPB), central venous catheterization (especially the subclavian vein), thoracocentesis, positive pressure mechanical ventilation (PPMV), transbronchial (TBB) and pleural biopsy. The incidence has recently been increasing due to the increasing use of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The aim of this reseacrh is to present the results and the efficiency in the care of iatrogenic pneumothorax in the pneumophtisiologist practice in general hospital. Material and methods: the analysis includes 290 hospital histories (mainly from the Pulmonology Department, in a much smaller number from other Internal Medicine or Surgery Department at the GOB “September 8”) for a 4-year period (January 2018 - December 2021) with final discharge diagnoses: pleural effusion, pyothorax, lung cancer, pulmonary infiltration, pleural mesothelioma and metastatic pleural fluid - ICD codes: J90, J91, J86.9, C34, C45.0 and C78.2. All underwent an invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. The diagnosis of pneumothorax included a radiological examination (PA-posteroanterior proection and LL -profile chest X-ray). Results: from 290 diagnostic-therapeutic procedures, immediately and up to 24 hours after the intervention, a total of 24 (8.3%) pneumothoraxes were recorded, namely: 15 (27%) out of 54 after TTPB, 3 (4.8%) of 62 after TBB and 3 (2%) of 124 after thoracocenthesis and percutaneous biopsyes of the parietal pleura. In 2 (4%) of 49 cases after lavage of the pleural space, partial pneumothorax was recorded, 1 complete hematopneumothorax after catheterization of the subclavian vein. Thoracic drainage was performed in 12 (50%) (initially in 9, and in 3 after 24 hours due to progression of incomplete lung collapse). Of the remaining 12 patients, the pneumothorax was treated with exufflation in 4, and in 8 conservatively (with a procedure of forced expiration and respiratory exercises). No case requiring a surgical approach has been registered. Conclusion: a condition for successful care of iatrogenic pneumothorax is compliance with standards in the application of diagnostic procedures in pulmonology and related areas, careful observation and efficient application of modern attitudes in care of complications from invasive-interventional diagnostic-therapeutic procedures.
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Ohara, Sukeo, Seima Kotsubo, and Tetsuro Yamamoto. "Pore Pressure Developed in Saturated Sand Subjected to Cyclic Shear Stress Under Partial-Drainage Conditions." Soils and Foundations 25, no. 2 (June 1985): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.25.2_45.
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