Academic literature on the topic 'Partial drainage condition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Partial drainage condition"
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Nierwinski, Helena P., Marcelo Heidemann, Laura A. Lavalle, and Bruna Sell. "Study of mining tailings geotechnical parameters obtained from SCPTu tests carried on dry and saturated layers." MATEC Web of Conferences 337 (2021): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133704010.
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The correct interpretation of in situ and laboratory test results is an important step in the design of mining tailing containment structures. This study aims to analyze the Seismic Cone Penetration Test (SCPTu) results obtained into a mining tailing reservoir composed of two material layers: a thick-dry and a tick-saturated. It is possible to observe that in a same tailing reservoir, the CPTu test interpretation can lead to a classification of each layer as a different soil with specific behavior and properties. This condition demonstrates that tailings with intermediate permeability (10-5 m/s < k < 10-8 m/s) may present partial drainage conditions during a standard cone penetration test (CPTu) (v=20 mm/s), if saturated conditions are verified. The effects of partial drainage can affect test results, and can induce to errors in the prediction of soil behavior and geotechnical parameters. To evaluate the possible effects of partial drainage, in situ test results were compared to laboratory tests results. It was possible to verify that estimated behavior of dry layers, obtained from in situ tests results, present more similarity to the results from laboratory tests. Probably, the partial drainage effects verified through the interpretation of dissipation tests, distorted the estimated behavior of the saturated layer material.
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Liu, Jiashun, Laigui Wang, Xiangdong Zhang, Jianjun Yang, and Sijin Zhang. "Asymptotic state model of saturated low liquid-limit clay under partial drainage condition." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 79, no. 3 (November 16, 2019): 1501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01642-8.
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Suprapto, Denny U., Adrian Tangkilisan, Wega Sukanto, Christha Tamburian, and Fredrik G. Langi. "Effects of Drainage Volume on Changes of Blood Acidity, and Partial Arterial Pressure of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Massive Pleural Efusion." e-CliniC 10, no. 2 (August 8, 2022): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v10i2.41492.
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Abstract: Massive pleural effusion is a condition in which there is a buildup of fluid beyond normal in the pleural cavum with a volume of two-thirds of one side of the pulmonary field proven with the help of chest X-ray. Drainage of pleural effusion fluid is a management treatment for pleural effusion, but nevertheless it has complications such as pain, bleeding, pneumothorax, and pulmonary edema. Blood gas analysis is simple and essential examination in emergency medicine, which is able to provide valuable information about the acid-base status, ventilation, and oxygenation of a patient. This study aimed to analyze changes in blood acidity (pH), oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) in patients with massive pleural effusion at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. This was a prospective cohort study with a longitudinal data collection design according to the cohort method. The results of the overall linear regression analysis supported the effect of drainage on PaCO2, PaO2, and pH, and indicated that the relationship between drainage volume and PaO2 was positive. Meanwhile, descriptively and statistically, there was no meaningful relationship between pH and PaCO2 and drainage volume. In conclusion, there is a positive relationship between drainage volume and PaO2, however, there is no significant relationship between pH and PaCO2 with drainage volume.Keywords: massive pleural effusion; pH; PaCO2; PaO2 Abstrak: Efusi pleura masif adalah suatu keadaan dimana terjadi penumpukan cairan melebihi volum normal di dalam kavum pleura dengan volume duapertiga dari satu sisi lapang paru yang dapat dibuktikan dengan bantuan X foto toraks. Drainase cairan efusi pleura merupakan manajemen tatalaksana untuk efusi pleura, namun memiliki komplikasi seperti nyeri, perdarahan, pneumotorak, dan edema paru. Analisis gas darah merupakan pemeriksaan yang sederhana namun esensial dalam ilmu kedokteran gawat darurat, yang mampu memberikan informasi berharga mengenai status asam basa, ventilasi maupun oksigenasi dari pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisis perubahan tingkat keasaman darah (pH), tekanan parsial oksigen (PaO2) dan karbon dioksida (PaCO2) pada pasien dengan efusi pleura massif. Jenis penelitian ialah prospektif dengan desain pengumpulan data longitudinal menurut metode kohort di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Hasil analisis regresi linear secara keseluruhan menunjang efek volume drainase terhadap PaCO2, PaO2, dan pH dengan hasil hubungan volume drainase dengan PaO2 bersifat positif namun tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara pH dan PaCO2 dengan volume drainage. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan positif antara volume drainase dengan PaO2, namun tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara pH dan PaCO2 dan volume drainase.Kata kunci: efusi pleura massif; pH; PaCO2; PaO2
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Maria, Paulo E. L. S., Flávia C. M. S. Maria, and Ian S. M. Martins. "Some Applications of Linear Viscoelasticity to Problems of Consolidation under Variable Loading." Soils and Rocks 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.311015.
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The main purpose of this paper is to present a general method to derive closed form solutions for one-dimensional consolidation problems under time dependent loading using the Linear Viscoelasticity theory. A review of the basic concepts of this theory is initially presented and, mainly for illustration purposes, the method is applied to three consolidation problems, leading to relevant solutions for Geotechnical Engineering. In the first application, considering Terzaghi’s and Barron’s solutions, creep functions are determined for vertical and radial drainage, allowing derivation of expressions for one-dimensional consolidation under a number of linear loads for these drainage conditions. Using Carrillo’s equation, the creep function for combined vertical and radial drainage is obtained, leading to corresponding solution for linear variable loading. Partial submersion of embankments on soft soils is another consolidation problem under time dependent loading solved by means of Viscoelasticity. Classical approximate solutions are used in this second application to establish creep functions for vertical drainage and exact Barron’s solution to establish creep function for radial drainage. An expression for late stages of consolidation is also derived for combined vertical and radial drainage condition. The third application considers the problem of load transfer from a consolidating deposit of soft clay to a pattern of drain columns of finite stiffness. Diagrams concerning a case of consolidation under linear variable three-step loading and consolidation with partial submersion of the fill are provided to illustrate the solutions obtained.
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Wang, Qiang, and LiYuan Tong. "Determination Permeability Coefficient from Piezocone." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/396428.
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The permeability coefficient of soil profile is one of the problems concerned by engineers, and the determination of permeability coefficient method mainly relies on the laboratory permeability test and field pumping test, but these tests are time-consuming and inefficient, and especially the permeability coefficient of soil under the condition of partial drainage was difficult to determine; in this paper, the modern digital CPTU technology was used. Dimensional permeabilityKTwas defined by using the dimensionless normalized cone tip resistanceQt, friction factorFr, and pore pressure ratioBq, these parameters enable plots ofBq-Qt,Fr-Qt,Bq-Frto be contouredKTand hence for permeability coefficient. The relationship has been applied to Nanjing 4th Yangtze river bridge, and compared with laboratory penetration test. The results indicate that the method can accurately determine the permeability coefficient of soil under partial drainage condition and provide the theoretical basis for engineering application.
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Restrepo, M. Santiago, Osamah Aldoss, and Benton Ng. "Persistent primitive hepatic venous plexus with Scimitar syndrome: description of a case and review of the literature." Cardiology in the Young 25, no. 5 (September 24, 2014): 1009–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951114001498.
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AbstractPersistent primitive hepatic venous plexus is an anomaly of the systemic venous return characterised by postnatal persistence of the foetal intrahepatic venous drainage. Scimitar syndrome is a condition that consists of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return of the right pulmonary venous drainage into the systemic veins, associated with pulmonary artery hypoplasia with the underdeveloped right lung, pulmonary sequestration, and cardiac malposition. Both conditions are rare and together have been rarely described in the literature. We report the first case of this combination of lesions imaged by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with a three-dimensional reconstruction and reviewed the literature to characterise this uncommon combination.
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Siddiqui, A. M., A. Walait, T. Haroon, and J. Smeltzer. "Transient drainage of the thin film of linearly viscous MHD fluid on a slippery flat belt." Canadian Journal of Physics 94, no. 4 (April 2016): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2015-0181.
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This paper considered the transient drainage of a linearly viscous magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid down a vertical flat slippery belt. An inhomogeneous partial differential equation with an inhomogeneous boundary condition was developed. Exact solutions for the velocity distribution, flow rate, surface profile, and variable thickness were then computed. The effect of MHD and the slip parameter on the velocity, flow rate, and surface profile were then considered. The effect of the magnetic field on the derived flow properties was discussed and represented graphically. It was determined that the absence of the magnetic field and the assumption of no-slip boundary conditions reduced the problem to the well-known Jeffreys problem.
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Lai, Jin Xing, Hao Bo Fan, and Fei Zhou. "Fluid-Solid Coupling Numerical Simulation for Tunnel in Fracture Zone Based on 2D-FLAC Software." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.167.
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To understand the stressed characteristic of fault rupture zone under high hydraulic pressure, based on the F3 fault of Guanshan tunnel the software 2D-FLAC is adopted to found the fluid-solid coupling numerical model of ground water seepage and evolution in the process of tunnel structure in fault rupture zone under high hydraulic pressure and analyze the mechanical character of tunnel structure in three schemes of whole block, free discharge and limit discharge. The result shows that in the whole block condition, the partial seepage of ground water happened and the lining thickness should be more than 60cm; Regardless of water pressure, the rock is damaged at a large range, and the minimum safety factor of the lining structure meet the tunnel design standard; In the limit discharge condition, the grouting reinforced ring makes the effect of limiting drainage and keeping the tunnel’s stability in the construction. The tunnel drainage gets smaller with the increase of grouting ring’s thickness and the decrease of grouting ring’s penetration parameter; setting the drainage system can decrease the hydraulic pressure at the back of lining as well as grouting and water blocking.
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Momen, Mostafa, Zhong Zheng, Elie Bou-Zeid, and Howard A. Stone. "Inertial gravity currents produced by fluid drainage from an edge." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 827 (August 29, 2017): 640–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.480.
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We present theoretical, numerical and experimental studies of the release of a finite volume of fluid instantaneously from an edge of a rectangular domain for high Reynolds number flows. For the cases we considered, the results indicate that approximately half of the initial volume exits during an early adjustment period. Then, the inertial gravity current reaches a self-similar phase during which approximately 40 % of its volume drains and its height decreases as $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}^{-2}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ is a dimensionless time that is derived with the typical gravity wave speed and the horizontal length of the domain. Based on scaling arguments, we reduce the shallow-water partial differential equations into two nonlinear ordinary differential equations (representing the continuity and momentum equations), which are solved analytically by imposing a zero velocity boundary condition at the closed end wall and a critical Froude number condition at the open edge. The solutions are in good agreement with the performed experiments and direct numerical simulations for various geometries, densities and viscosities. This study provides new insights into the dynamical behaviour of a fluid draining from an edge in the inertial regime. The solutions may be useful for environmental, geophysical and engineering applications such as open channel flows, ventilations and dam-break problems.
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Setiono, Joko. "STUDI EVALUASI JARINGAN DRAINASE JALAN DANAU MANINJAU RAYA KOTA MALANG." PROKONS Jurusan Teknik Sipil 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2013): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/prokons.v7i2.42.
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Along with the very rapid growth of urban areas in Indonesia, urban drainage problems is increasing as well. In general, the handling of drainage in many cities in Indonesia still partial, so it does not solve the problem completely flooding and inundation. Changes in land use due to increasing population growth, requires an adequate supply of residential land, the impact of which directly increases the discharge surface runoff will be collected in drainage channels. Sawojajar Housing is one of the biggest housing in the city of Malang, where the housing development, keep a few problems, one of the flood that happened in 2008 and the incidence of every rainy season yaang inundation caused by the drainage capacity is not accommodating discharge runoff, due to changes in land use and waste sludge. From the analysis of the magnitude of the runoff discharge using recent data, the amount of runoff discharge time 2-year anniversary of 1.66 - 2:32 m3/sec and time again for 5 years 2.1 - 4.2 m3/sec. The dimensions of the existing channel is still accommodate runoff discharge is seen from the criteria condition that occurs sub critical flow (flow). Problems that occur in the hydraulic aspects of the meeting Maninjau Jalan channel as a primary channel that is too upright dg channel Maninjau road so no back-flow, water can not get in and not be able to accommodate discharge from the channel Maninjau Road. Keyword: Flow, Drainage, Flood
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Partial drainage condition"
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Giusti, Ilaria Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Stahlmann. "Improvement of piezocone test interpretation for partial drainage conditions and for transitional soils / Ilaria Giusti ; Betreuer: Joachim Stahlmann." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1175894958/34.
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Giusti, Ilaria [Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Stahlmann. "Improvement of piezocone test interpretation for partial drainage conditions and for transitional soils / Ilaria Giusti ; Betreuer: Joachim Stahlmann." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1175894958/34.
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Giusti, Ilaria. "Improvement of piezocone test interpretation for partial drainage conditions and for transitional soils." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1138812.
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The present study shows the results of experimental analyses of field cone penetration tests as well as calibration chamber mini-piezocone tests on soils of intermediate permeability (silts, clayey and sandy silts). The penetration rate varied across over three orders of magnitude to provide information on partially drained and undrained tip resistance, excess pore water pressure and friction sleeve. Whilst previous experimental researches essentially focused on tip resistance and pore water pressure measurements, it is worthwhile underlying that the present study is one of the first experimental studies that explored the effect of penetration rate on sleeve friction measurements. As the penetration rate is reduced, moving from the undrained conditions to the fully drained conditions, friction sleeve systematically decreases, together with the expected results in terms of increasing tip resistance and decreasing excess porewater pressure. The obtained experimental database of penetration measurements on intermediate soils can be added to the previous worldwide collected data to develop a new general interpretation procedure for cone tests in transitional soils.
Besides, numerical analyses have been carried out by using the Finite Element Method. The Updated Lagrangian technique has been adopted to simulate the large strain penetration process. Both the Modified Cam Clay constitutive model and the Mohr Coulomb model have been used to compare numerical simulation results with, respectively, the experimental results on kaolin clay (Randolph and Hope, 2004; Schneider et al., 2007) and those obtained with the present study.
The problem of piezocone miss-interpretation in case of transitional soils, such as loose silt mixture has been dealt with an empirical methodology, based on the calibration of the Soil Behaviour Type index using soil characteristics inferred from reference boreholes.
Moreover, a new approach has been proposed to overcome miss-interpretation of piezocone test results for soil layers belonging to vadose zones in which the effective stress state is controlled by suction. This procedure allows for the correction of the Soil Behaviour Type (SBT) index, in order to allocate correctly the investigated soils inside SBT classification charts (Robertson, 1990). In addition to that, the applied method has suggested a procedure, based on piezocone measurements, to estimate the effective stress state in the case of a homogeneous soil layer in which a vadose zone above the water table is present.
Book chapters on the topic "Partial drainage condition"
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Olajide Olorunnisola, Abel. "Potentials of Wood, Bamboo and Natural Fibre-Reinforced Composite Products as Substitute Materials for Fabricating Affordable Agricultural Equipment and Processing Machines in Africa." In Technology in Agriculture. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98265.
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Modern agriculture depends heavily on technology. Land clearing, irrigation, drainage, crop storage and processing all require technological input. By modernising her agriculture, through wise application of science and technology, Africa can make significant headway in economic growth. However, an agricultural technology that is too sophisticated for a particular country/region is beyond its absorptive capacity. Hence, to achieve the objectives of agricultural mechanisation in Africa, it is imperative to take into account prevailing socio-economic conditions and the level of mechanisation necessary for optimal productivity. One major constraint to agricultural mechanisation in sub-Saharan Africa is the relatively high cost of imported metallic machine and equipment fabrication materials. Taking full advantage of substitute non-metallic materials may lower the cost of production and concomitantly empower rural fabricators with limited access to electricity and welding facilities to engage in local manufacturing of sundry agricultural machines and equipment. This Chapter presents illustrative examples of full and partial substitution of metallic with non-metallic materials in the fabrication of affordable machines and equipment for agricultural production, agro-processing, irrigation and drainage, crop drying and storage. Ways of addressing identified critical challenges of technology diffusion are also discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Partial drainage condition"
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Mahmoodzadeh, Hamed, Noel Boylan, Mark Randolph, and Mark Cassidy. "The Effect of Partial Drainage on Measurements by a Piezoball Penetrometer." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50245.
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Full-flow penetrometers such as the T-bar and ball are now widely used in offshore site investigations to measure penetration resistance and then infer the strength properties of the seabed. To provide additional data on flow properties of the soil and increase the number of parameters that can be obtained from these tests, ball penetrometers fitted with pore pressure transducers, known as piezoballs, are now being used. Depending on the soil characteristics and rate of penetration, the soil conditions during penetration may vary from undrained to fully drained. The drainage condition during penetration will influence both the measured penetration resistance and excess pore pressure response and therefore influence any parameters interpreted. This paper examines the effect of drainage condition on piezoball measurements during penetration in a muddy silt sample collected from offshore Australia. Tests were conducted in the beam centrifuge at the University of Western Australia using a miniature piezoball, with pore pressure measurement at the equator position. The effect of drainage condition was examined by conducting tests at various rates of penetration, ranging from undrained to fully drained conditions. Methods of interpreting the results of a partially drained penetration test in order to deduce the undrained penetration resistance are also discussed.
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Gogoi, Ragini, Charles P. Aubeny, Phillip Watson, and Fraser Bransby. "Uplift Capacity of Suction Caissons in Sand for General Conditions Of Drainage." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-61663.
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Abstract Suction caissons have emerged as a viable solution for the foundations of offshore wind turbines, which are gaining momentum worldwide as an alternate energy source. When used in a multi-bucket jacket system, the system capacity is often governed by the uplift capacity of the windward bucket foundation. Seabed conditions at offshore windfarm sites often comprise dense sand where the soil response may be drained, partially drained or undrained depending on the loading regime, the foundation dimensions and the soil conditions. Given the large difference in uplift capacity of caissons for these different drainage conditions, predicting the behavior of a suction caisson under a range of drainage conditions becomes a paramount concern. Consequently, this paper presents the findings of a coupled finite element investigation of the monotonic uplift response of the windward caisson of a multi-bucket jacket system in a typical dense silica sand for a range of drainage conditions. The study adopts a Hypoplastic soil constitutive model capable of simulating the stress-strain-strength behavior of dense sand. This choice is justified by conducting a comparative study with other soil models — namely the Mohr Coulomb and bounding surface sand models — to determine the most efficient soil failure model to capture the complex undrained behavior of dense sand. The numerical predictions made in this study are verified by recreating the test conditions adopted in centrifuge tests previously conducted at the University of Western Australia, and demonstrating that the capacity from numerical analysis is consistent with the test results. The Hypoplastic soil constitutive model also provides an efficient method to produce accurate load capacity transition curves from an undrained to a drained soil state.
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Asmatulu, R. "Design of an Air Pressure-Assisted Centrifugal Dewatering Method for Fine Particle Suspensions." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62753.
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An air pressure-assisted centrifugal dewatering unit was designed and fabricated for the dewatering of fine particles (−150 μm), such as clay, silica, and talc. The aim of this filtration unit is to increase the filtration rate during the drainage cycle and, hence produce drier filter cakes, which in turn could reduce the cost and emission problems of thermal dryers in the preparation plants. Several dewatering parameters, including applied pressure, centrifugal force (G-force), spin time, and cake thickness were tested to optimize the processing conditions. Test results showed that at higher air pressure and centrifugal force, the cake moisture reduction was more than 60% depending on the experimental conditions. As a result, it can be concluded that the novel filtration unit effectively works on the dewatering of fine particles and can open up new opportunities in the field.
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Qamhia, Issam, Maximilian Orihuela, Scott Schmidt, Erol Tutumluer, Maziar Moaveni, Colin Basye, and Dingqing Li. "Railway Ballast Strength and Permeability Affecting Track Performance Under Dry and Wet Conditions." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6256.
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Railway ballast is a major structural component of railroad track that also facilitates the drainage of water. Particle breakage and abrasion due to dynamic loading and environmental impacts causes ballast to age and degrade. The finer materials generated from ballast degradation can adversely affect the track stability especially under wet conditions. This paper investigates through laboratory testing the effect of moisture on the behavior and performance of in-service ballast. The tested ballast samples were initially subjected to an artificial rain system as well as train loadings in the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) at the Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI). The rainy test section experiment applied realistic dynamic freight train loads and continuously monitored the test sections to determine the effects of moisture and saturation conditions on the field performance trends of ballasted track. Accordingly, ballast samples at varying levels of degradation were collected from the test locations to investigate ballast gradations as well as strength and permeability characteristics at dry and wet conditions. Shear strength tests were performed using a large-scale triaxial test machine, known as the TX-24, to study ballast degradation effects on the strength of dry ballast. Materials finer than the 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) were then collected and studied for the moisture-density behavior using a modified Proctor type compactive effort. Shear strength samples with the same gradations and degradation levels were prepared and tested at varying moisture contents of the 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) fraction ranging from 3% to 9%, with the latter being the optimum moisture content of these finer materials. The wet ballast triaxial test samples had strength values only in the range of 38% to 65% of the dry strengths. In addition to the strength tests, constant head permeability tests were also conducted on the ballast samples which demonstrated quite low and negligible horizontal flow amounts through ballast under static pressure heads and at various hydraulic gradients.
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Tauro, Flavia, Matteo Aureli, Maurizio Porfiri, and Salvatore Grimaldi. "Buoyant Fluorescent Particles as a Novel Sensing Technology for Field Observations of Water Flows." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-5963.
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In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of off-the-shelf buoyant fluorescent microspheres as particle tracers in turbid water flows. Microspheres’ fluorescence intensity is experimentally measured and detected in static aqueous suspensions of increasing concentrations of clay to simulate typical conditions of natural drainage networks. We conduct experiments by using photoconductive cells and image-based sensing methods. Results obtained with both approaches exhibit comparable trends and show that the considered particles are detectable in critically turbid water flows. Further information on the performance and integration of such microspheres in low-cost measurement instrumentations for field observations is obtained through experiments on a custom built water channel. Findings from this study show that the proposed technology may serve as a minimally invasive sensing system for hazardous events, such as pollutant diffusion in natural streams and flash flooding due to extreme rainfall.
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Al-Haddad, Amer, and Dhuha Mahdi. "Evaluating the Efficiency of Crushed Gravel Filters around Field Drains." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.224.
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Engineers have employed various ways to protect drain openings from the entry of sediment with varying degrees of success. This study aims to compare and evaluate the hydraulic performance and efficiency of using natural graded gravel filter and crushed gravel filter in drainage systems. An aquifer tank (sand tank) 70 cm long, 50 cm wide and 80 cm high, a perforated drain pipe of 50 mm diameter was used in the laboratory work. The laboratory study was performed with two types of soil: loam and loamy sand. These two soils were used with the two types of gravel filters after taking the particle size distribution test for the two soils. For each case, the inflow was applied to the model from the soil surface (to represent irrigation condition) and from the sides of the tank (to represent sub –surface flow condition and effluence of the groundwater). Each case involved ten runs; for each run, discharge, total head loss, and amount of sediment were recorded. It was found that crushed gravel filter would work similarly to natural graded gravel filter after a certain time from the beginning of runs. It was also found that the discharge and sediment when using crushed gravel filter were close to or equal to that with natural graded gravel filter. The hydraulic conductivity and the exit gradient values were calculated in this research. It was found that their values were so different between the two types of filters, but at the end of the laboratory work, the hydraulic conductivity would be approximately the same. The exit gradient of crushed gravel filter was lower than that of natural graded gravel filter due to the large pores between the filter particles. Finally, the results showed that, it is possible to use crushed gravel filter material in drainage systems, which is less costly and easier to place than natural graded gravel filter.
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Hosseini, SayedMohammad, Yongwen Tan, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "Forward-Looking Infrared Radiometry (FLIR) Application for Detecting Ballast Fouling." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8032.
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Abstract This paper is intended to assess the practical aspects of the previously proposed approach for detecting railroad ballast fouling using an off-the-shelf Forward-Looking Infrared Radiometry (FLIR) Technology. FLIR is among the technologies that are becoming more prevalent in railroad applications [1,2]. The method discussed in this paper takes advantage of the temperature differences measured by the FLIR camera between the top surface of clean and partially fouled ballast samples as an indicator of fouling. The method is intended to potentially serve as an efficient and time-effective manner for detecting early stages of ballast fouling prior to it requiring a costly intervention. Ballast fouling is a common maintenance-of-way issue for the railroad industry, which occurs as a result of contaminants clogging up the ballast and preventing water drainage. The water retained at the sublayers diminishes the strength of the foundation and could result in other undesirable conditions such as clay pumping and reduced track strength. In this study, experiments are performed to study the thermal behavior and characteristics of clean, and partially- and fully-fouled ballast using a FLIR camera. The FLIR camera is set up in a stationary configuration for ease of testing and also providing a more direct approach to analyzing the data, to keep the test conditions highly repeatable and reduce any environmental variations. The results indicate that the cooling and heating rate at the top surface for clean, partially fouled, and fouled ballast are different during the daily heat-up cycle. It is determined that although the FLIR camera is able to measure some changes in the ballast temperature for the fouling conditions that are evaluated in the study, the differences may be within the range of variations that could occur in field conditions. The paper includes the range of measured temperature by the FLIR camera and discusses the pros and cons of using this approach in practice. Additional field testing is needed to validate or dispute the initial findings of the study.
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Qian, Yu, Erol Tutumluer, Youssef M. A. Hashash, and Jamshid Ghaboussi. "Effects of Ballast Degradation on Permanent Deformation Behavior From Large-Scale Triaxial Tests." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3806.
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Consisting of large sized aggregate particles with uniform size distribution, ballast is an essential component of the track substructure to facilitate load distribution and drainage. As freight tonnage accumulates with traffic, ballast will get fouled increasingly due to either aggregate breakdown and degradation or contamination by other materials such as coal dust and subgrade soil intrusion. Fouling affects shear strength and load carrying ability of ballast layer especially under wet conditions. According to Selig and Waters [1], ballast fouling is often due to aggregate degradation, which covers up to 76% of all the fouling cases. To investigate the effects of ballast aggregate breakdown and degradation on the mechanical behavior of fouled ballast, a series of Los Angeles abrasion tests were performed in this study to generate fouled ballast materials caused by particle breakage and abrasion under a well-controlled laboratory environment. The change of particle shape properties during the Los Angeles abrasion tests was quantified and studied through image analysis technology. Large-scale triaxial tests were performed on specimens of new ballast, degraded ballast coarse particle fraction (without fines), and full gradation of degraded ballast (with fines) under repeated load application using a triaxial test device recently developed at the University of Illinois specifically for ballast size aggregate materials. The large-scale triaxial results indicated that the specimen having those degraded coarse particles yielded higher permanent deformation trends from repeated load triaxial testing when compared to the specimen with the new ballast gradation. As expected, the highest permanent deformation was obtained from the degraded ballast specimen having fine particles and the Fouling Index (FI) value of approximately 40.
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Eglite, Irina, Kaspars Krauklis, and Inta Lace. "MODELLING OF THE HYDROLOGICAL REGIME OF THE TEICHI NATURE RESERVE." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/3.1/s12.16.
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Teichi bog is largest intact moss bog in the Baltics states. The article considers the hydrological exchange process of the bog and surrounding areas. It plays an important role in the ecosystem, as well as a factor in stabilizing the water level, as bog peat in its natural state contains 88%-97% water. It belongs to raised bogs, since its upper layer is located above the surrounding relief. Replenishment of water resources in the Teichi Nature Reserve occurs mainly due to precipitation. In turn, the bog with surface runoff and groundwater flow returns excess moisture, thus feeding nearby streams. The reserve area and surroundings modeled in the Groundwater Vistas environment over a 35 km ? 40 km area, with a plane approximation step of 20 m. The hydrogeological model contains seven layers, 24.5 million nodes. The model includes several rivers, lakes and a wide network of drainage ditches, both embedded in the relief and attached as boundary conditions. A novelty is the assignment of different filtration coefficients to the bog. The process of water movement studied by calculating water balances, as well as by performing particle tracing simulations. Result of the research - it was found that there is an intensive interaction of the bog with nearby watercourses. The protection zone of the bog was determined using the results of tracer simulation - movement time and trajectory over a period of 25 years.
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Farrag, Khalid A. "External Corrosion Growth-Rate From Soil Properties." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31416.
Full textAbstract:
External corrosion growth rate is an essential parameter to establish the time interval between successive pipe integrity evaluations. Actual corrosion rates are difficult to measure or predict. NACE Standard RP0502 [1] recommends several methods including comparison with historical data, buried coupons, electrical resistance (ER), and Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) measurements. This paper presents a testing program and procedure to validate the use of the LPR and ER methods to enhance the estimation of corrosion growth rates and improve the selection of reassessment intervals of gas transmission pipelines. Laboratory and field tests were performed using the LPR and ER technologies. The evaluation of soil parameters that affect localized corrosion included its type, moisture content, pH, resistivity, drainage characteristics, chloride and sulfite levels, and soil Redox potential. The results show that the LPR device provides instantaneous measurement of corrosion potential and it may be used to reflect the variations of corrosion rates with the changes of soil conditions, moisture, and temperature. However, LPR measurements are more efficient in saturated soils with uncertainty about its validity in partially and totally dry soils. Consequently, seasonal changes in soil conditions make it difficult to estimate total corrosion growth rate. On the other hand, the measurements using the ER method provided consistent estimates for long-term corrosion growth rates. Corrosion growth rates were also evaluated from a previous study by the National Institute of Standards (NIST) [2]. A procedure was developed to correlate soil properties to corrosion rates from the ER measurements and NIST data. The procedure was implemented in a computer program to provide an estimate of corrosion rate based on the soil input data and allows the operator to use the ER probes to improve the reliability of corrosion rate estimates.
Reports on the topic "Partial drainage condition"
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Rosse, Anine. Stream channel monitoring for Wind Cave National Park 2021 Data report. National Park Service, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296623.
Full textAbstract:
The Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) began stream channel monitoring in Highland Creek at Wind Cave National Park (WICA) in 2021. This data report summarizes the data collected during the 2021 season pertaining to watershed, reach, and physical habitat. After data are collected for at least four cycles, trends may be reported. This report covers three main areas: 1) Reporting on upland channel characteristics data that may affect habitat such as: land cover, drainage area, and total stream length; 2) Reporting of geomorphic dimensions such as: channel widths, bank angles, vegetative cover, reach slope, measures of bank stability; and 3) Determining physical habitat characteristics such as: size and distribution of bed sediment, large woody debris, and canopy cover. Indices, benchmarks, and other studies are provided in the table for informational purposes to help put Highland Creek’s measurements in context but should not be considered as a reference condition. Upland characteristics of the watershed indicate high natural land use cover (forest, grassland, and shrubland) with little development in the area. Reach characteristics include bank cover, heights, bank stability index, and vegetative cover. In addition to animal-induced erosion of the banks, bank sloughing and widening are occurring. Angles are steep, and there are some sandy banks that are unstable. When plots are revisited in three years, there will be greater understanding of the processes at play and the condition of the stream. Physical characteristics include median particle size, percentage fine substrate, geomorphic units, and canopy cover. Gravel substrate still covers much of the stream; there are wide meanders in the stream bed; and a variety of geomorphic channel units (pool, riffle, run) occur in the creek all of which are indicators of healthy habitat. While there is an absence of large woody debris and canopy cover is low, many grassland streams in good condition can have similar characteristics. More data are needed to fully assess those components and determine a suitable reference condition that can be used to later assess the status and trends of Highland Creek. The reach data contained in this report are specific to a short 150-m segment of Highland Creek and cannot be extrapolated to conditions elsewhere in the creek or to the park in general. Bank erosion and bank instability were observed along the majority of transects at site WICA SCM 001.