Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Partage des ressources florales'
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Gay, Claire. "Compréhension du rôle des pollinisateurs dans les paysages agricoles dans différents contextes de gestion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS021.
Full textThe conservation of pollinators is a major issue, especially in farmlands where they are essential for pollinating different crops. Here, we have decided to characterize these species and their floral resources in an intensive agricultural plain, using several years of data acquired thanks to several sampling protocols. This plain is characterized by a strong spatio-temporal dynamic, resulting from the massive but brief flowering of oleaginous plants crops. In this study site, we have sampled nearly a third of the bee species already found in France, some of them being rare, and have sought to better understand their ecology in order to help to maintain this species diversity. Bees co-occur with other pollinators (butterflies, hoverflies), among which some are little studied in previous literature: an analysis of the food habits of all of these pollinators has enabled to better understand their sharing of floral resources. The sunflower flowering, unlike that of oilseed rape, leads to a low niche overlap between pollinators but creates unbalanced interaction networks where almost all the links of the crop flower are established with a single pollinator species, the honeybee. Conversely, during oilseed rape flowering, the honeybee and the oilseed rape flower each have many interaction partners and are key species, maintaining a strong network stability. Introduce a dichotomy between these both mass-flowering crops – too often considered as monolithic – seems a wise advice for future research
Delaunay, Catherine. "Territoire, partage des ressources et équité." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020119.
Full textAzizian, Meysam. "Partage des ressources dans le nuage de véhicules." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11526.
Full textAbstract : In recent years, we have observed a growing interest in information accessibility and especially innovative approaches for making distant services accessible from mobile devices across the world. In tandem with this growth of interest, there was the introduction of vehicular communication, also known as vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET), leveraging onboard sensors and wireless communication devices to enhance road safety and driving experience. Vehicles wireless accessibility to the internet has triggered the emergence of service packages that can be available to or from vehicles. Recently, an extension of the vehicular networks paradigm has been promoted to a new level. Vehicular cloud (VC) is the ultimate convergence between the cloud computing concept and vehicular networks for the purpose of service provisioning and management. Vehicles can get connected to the cloud, where a multitude of services are available to them. Also vehicles can offer services and act as service providers rather than service consumers. This is possible because of the variety of resources available in vehicles: computing, bandwidth, storage and sensors. In this thesis, we propose novel and efficient methods to enable vehicle service delivery in VC. Several schemes including cluster/cloud formation, transmission scheduling, interference cancellation, and frequency assignment using software defined networking (SDN) have been developed and their performances have been analysed. The proposed cluster formation schemes are DHCV (a distributed D-hop clustering algorithm for VANET) and DCEV (a distributed cluster formation for VANET based on end-to-end relative mobility). These clustering schemes are used to dynamically form vehicle clouds. The schemes group vehicles into non-overlapping clouds, which have adaptive sizes according to their mobility. VCs are created in such a way that each vehicle is at most D-hops away from a cloud coordinator. The proposed transmission scheduling implements a contention-free-based medium access control where physical conditions of the channel are fully analyzed. The interference cancellation scheme makes it possible to remove the strongest interferences; this improves the scheduling performance and resource sharing inside the constructed clouds. Finally, we proposed an SDN based vehicular cloud solution where different frequency bands are assigned to different transmission links to improve the network performance.
Brown, Patrick. "Partage de ressources dans les réseaux TCP/IP." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4063.
Full textThis thesis studies sized based congestion control mechanisms for data networks. In a first part we show that differences in roundtrip times may result in different throughputs. We find a concise expression for the resulting throughputs which may be used for any number of simultaneous connections or roundtrip times. In a second part of the thesis we study the average conditional sojourn times in single server queues with different scheduling policies favoring short services. The policies considered are "foreground background" (FB), "shortest remaining processing time" (SRPT), "multi-level processor sharing" (MLPS), and "discriminatory processor sharing" (DPS). We study the average sojourn times for customers with large services as their performance may suffer from these policies. We compare the asymptotic sojourn times for large service times obtained with these policies with respect to those obtained with the processor sharing (PS) policy. New bounds are obtained the PS queue with grouped arrivals. We show through an example that a non anticipative work conserving policy favoring short services may produce better performances than another one, for all service times, when the service time has infinite variance. This is particularly the case for data networks connection sizes. In the third part of the thesis, we show under some conditions, that a network stable with the FIFO (first in first out) policy will stay stable when run with an MLPS policy. The last part of the thesis proposes a stateless and scalable mechanism to implement MLPS type policies on data networks
Nguyen, Viêt-Hai. "Formation interactive, expérimentation à distance, partage des ressources : application." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793599.
Full textBonnet, Éric. "Phylogénie et partage des ressources chez les orthoptères acridiens." Limoges, 1996. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619309.
Full textMaillé, Patrick. "Mécanismes d'enchères pour le partage de ressources dans les réseaux." Télécom Bretagne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TELB0001.
Full textBlanchon, David. "L'espace hydraulique sud-africain : le partage des eaux /." Paris : Karthala, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb420019741.
Full textBibliogr. p. 265-290.
Armetta, Frédéric. "Proposition d'une approche auto-organisationnelle pour le partage de ressources critiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449502.
Full textPeyen, Loïc. "Droit et biopiraterie. Contribution à l'étude du partage des ressources naturelles." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0005.
Full textBecause they are highly desired, natural resources are subjected to acts of predation, like biopiracy. The phenomenon draws more and more attention but is still not much studied. It is often condemned as real plundering of natural resources. Indeed, even if it covers a pluralist reality, the biopiracy practice can be characteristic of a monopolizing of naturalresources. Thus, it is possible to understand how it emerged and developed, which is important to comprehend it. Furthermore, biopiracy raises the question of the sharing conditions of natural resources and thereby contributes to strengthen the solidarist dimensions of the natural resources legal status. However, current rules are insufficient. This situation is inviting for a general reflection about the legal status of the environment that leads to consider it as a common good
Garcia, Virgile. "Optimisation du partage de ressources pour les réseaux cellulaires auto-organisés." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838793.
Full textDamamme, Jonathan. "Approche multi-agents pour les problèmes de partage." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066647.
Full textThis thesis covers distributed resources allocation setting, without money balance, where agents have limited knowledge of the system. This thesis will use local swaps, i.e. bilateral deals, where one resource is exchanged for another. This work is divided in two parts. The first part focus the house market, with a very simple mechanism and agents don't use knowledge. The aim will to show that it has however good performances. For this, I will compare the algorithm with those of literature. I will also prove that in the single-peaked domains, this mechanism is Pareto-optimal. The second part examines a general framework. The mechanism contains three sub-protocols : contact protocol, negotiation protocols, and stop conditions. Each protocol will be described and experimented
Viau-Quesnel, Charles. "Alternance de tâches concurrente à l’estimation temporelle : parallélisme et partage de ressources." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29909/29909.pdf.
Full textProspective timing is the capacity to estimate the duration of a stimulus as it is presented. Prospective timing (hereafter referred to as timing) is sensitive to resource-sharing. In dual task paradigms, timing performance diminishes when resources involved in timing are also involved in the secondary task (interference effect, see Brown, 1997, 2008, 2010; Block, Hancock, & Zakay, 2010). Previous work has shown that an interference effect is obtained when timing is done concurrently with a task which requires the involvement of attentional resources (e.g. Brown, 1997, Fortin & Massé, 2000) or the manipulation of information in short term memory (Barouillet, Bernardin, Portrat, Vergauwe, & Camos, 2007; Fortin, Champagne, & Poirier, 2007; Fortin, Chérif, & Neath, 2005; Fortin & Rousseau, 1998). Apart from attentional and memory resources, authors have studied the interference effect with executive tasks. Some authors suggest that timing involves executive resources. Brown (2006) found an interference effect between timing and a random number generation task, a task which involves executive control. Zakay and Block (2004) observed a similar effect in a dual task experiment with timing and concurrent task switching, a paradigm often used to study cognitive control (see Monsell, 2003, for a concise review). However, Fortin, Schweickert, Gaudreault and Viau-Quesnel (2010) found no interference between task switching and concurrent timing, using a local measure of switch costs. The general objective of this thesis is to study the impact of manipulations and variations of the task switching paradigm in a dual task condition with concurrent timing. Specifically, stimuli valence, preparation and voluntary task switching are studied. The present thesis aims to better define executive processes involved in timing and, at the same time, shed new light on the nature of the processes which account for the task switch cost, a robust effect for which explanatory models remain uncertain. To this end, two experiments manipulating stimuli valence and preparatory intervals (see Chapitre II) and three experiments using a voluntary task switching paradigm (see Chapitre III) were run. In all experiments of the thesis, two conditions, reaction time and time production, allow to determine if the task switching paradigm generates switch costs in a single task condition (reaction time condition) and in a dual task condition with concurrent timing (time production condition). Also, a manipulation of memory load between trials allows comparing the effects of task switching and of memory load, the latter having been shown to interfere with concurrent timing in previous research (Fortin, Champagne, & Poirier, 2006). Results in the first article of the thesis show that bivalent task switching causes switch costs in a single task condition and that switch costs diminished asymptotically with preparation. However, in the time production condition, the effect of task switching is not significant, suggesting that task switching with bivalent stimuli does not interfere with concurrent timing. Furthermore, a manipulation of the cue-stimulus interval, which allows for preparation to task switches, did not interfere with concurrent timing. To the contrary, longer cue-stimulus intervals led to reduced over-productions of time intervals, meaning that performance in the timing task improved with longer cue-stimulus intervals. Results in the first article of the thesis suggest that timing and task switching do not share cognitive resources. In the second article of the thesis, voluntary task switching is studied. The voluntary task switching paradigm was developed by Arrington and Logan (2004; 2005) and had for objective to ensure that participants had to engage top-down cognitive control resources. This was done by removing task identifying cues and replacing them by instructions which asked participants to switch tasks randomly on approximately half trials. Results in the second article show that voluntary task switching led to switch costs in both the single task (reaction time) and dual task (time production) conditions. These results suggest that voluntary task switching engages different cognitive resources than cued task switching. Results also imply that voluntary task switching elicits resources which are required in timing. It therefore seems that timing requires executive resources, but not bottom-up processes which are involved in cued task switching.
Nguyen, Thi Hong Thai. "Outils de partage en ligne des ressources pour l'enseignement : une analyse au Vietnam." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749564.
Full textTraoré, Mamadou Kaba. "Simulation distribuee des systemes discrets a partage de ressources avec le langage ada." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF21477.
Full textDahmen, Sana. "Approches de résolution pour la construction d'horaires de travail avec partage de ressources." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30182.
Full textThis dissertation addresses the personalized multi-day shift scheduling problem in a multidepartment context. In this context, the organisation is divided into a set of departments. Each department specializes in performing a specific function and has its own human resources. The staff demand in each department fluctuates throughout the day. An increase in demand in some departments may be accompanied by a decrease in others. Thus, the employees working in over-covered and possessing the skills required can be transferred to under-covered departments . This dissertation’s first objective is to adequately define the multi-department context and establish a generic set of work and transfer rules that are appropriate for the problem. The operating environments considered are highly flexible. The problem we focus on takes into account multiple aspects of real-life applications and involves a high level of integration of several steps from the decision-making process. These steps are: the shift scheduling, the line of work construction, the staff assignment and the department assignment. The problem consists in specifying, for each employee, daily work start times and durations in each working day as well as the composition of working periods in terms of departments. The sequence of shifts assigned to the same employee during the planning horizon must meet some work regulations. This problem becomes harder when multi-skill employees can work in different departments during the same shift. In order to develop a decision support tool to assist the multi-department organisations, we propose optimisation approaches based on linear integer programming and decomposition techniques. To model the problem, a classical approach consists of generating all feasible explicit schedules. A set covering model is used to select the optimal set of schedules satisfying a given set of regulations and covering the workforce demand. This conventional approach is not a viable alternative to solve the problem because of its large size. Therefore, we develop mainly three modelling approaches to reduce the size of the problem. The first approach enumerates all possible explicit shifts and links implicitly between them. Most of the papers interested in multi-department context impose full-day transfers. We introduce a new option more flexible that uses the concept of working blocks. A block is a set of consecutive periods worked in the same department during the shift. The employee can therefore start or finish the shift with a transfer block...
Pusineri, Claire. "Niches alimentaires et partage des ressources : les petits cétacés du golfe de Gascogne." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS146.
Full textThe present study focuses on: 1) The determination of the diets of the common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus and the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena from stomach content analysis in the neritic and oceanic area of the Bay of Biscay. 2) The analysis of feeding niches segregation between these small cetaceans and both the other large predators and the fisheries. Each cetacean species showed a specific dietary niche: the common dolphin consumed essentially small gregarious fish in the upper epipelagic water layer both in the neritic and the oceanic area. The striped dolphin focused on small gregarious prey, either cephalopods or fish, of the lower epipelagic water layer. It foraged essentially in the oceanic area and occasionally in the neritic waters. The bottlenose dolphin foraged mainly on large demersal fish of the continental shelf. At last, the common porpoise ate mainly small pelagic or demersal neritic fish. In the neritic area, a high trophic overlap was observed between the fisheries and the cetaceans, whose preferred prey were species of major commercial importance, and between the diet of some of the main commercial prey and at least one cetacean species. In the oceanic area, the trophic role of the cetaceans was quite different from those of the other high trophic level epipelagic groups: first, there was no trophic overlap between the cetaceans and the fisheries that focused on swordfish and albacore tuna. Second, the dietary niches of the cetaceans did not overlap significantly those of the swordfish and the blue shark. Third, a significant overlap was observed between the cetaceans and the albacore tuna in terms of prey length and foraging period, but not in terms of prey taxa. Those results underlined that the Bay of Biscay small cetacean species are a trophic compartment of major interest within the framework of an ecosystem management of the resources either because of their potential competition with fisheries or because of their original role in the ecosystem
Bernardin, Sophie. "Mémoire de travail et contraintes cognitives : le modèle du partage temporel des ressources." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOL013.
Full textDinont, Cédric. "Calculs longs et partage des ressources processeur dans les systèmes multi-agents cognitifs." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-21.pdf.
Full textTran, Minh Anh. "Insensibilité dans les réseaux de files d'attente et applications au partage de ressources informatiques." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196718.
Full textNguyên, Viêt-Hai. "Formation interactive, expérimentation à distance, partage des ressources : application : automatique et ingénierie de l'environnement." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EMSE0035.
Full textThe surface treatments industry uses a lot of complex processes and toxic substances. It subjects to different regulations which are strict and limiting quantities of rejected pollutants in the nature. It is always difficult for industrials to comply to these regulations because of a more and more cutthroat competition. Thereof, this economic sector is naturally considered as a rich suggestion box for researchers. The diversity of used processes asks competences, knowledge and approaches from different fields. In the frame of this thesis, our works have focused on the rinsing system and the wastewater detoxication plants: decyanidation and dechrommation. Thanks to different approaches, these processes have been modeled and a simulation tool has been developed. Such a tool could answer to a lot of needs. It will be possible for industrials to optimize processes in taking into account different factors as cost, productivity as well as environmental impacts. In the engineering formation, i twill be easier for students to understand how industrial processes work and to familiarize with industrial constraints
Portrat, Sophie. "Mémoire de travail et fonctions exécutives : l'apport du modèle de partage temporel des ressources." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOL006.
Full textThe relationships between maintenance and executive processing within working memory are explored through the Time-Based Resource-Sharing model (Barrouillet, Bernardin, & Camos, 2004). We study the role of the central executive in maintenance through the use of complex span tasks by investigating the impact of a wide range of executive functions (i. E. , response selection, retrieval, inhibition of prepotent responses and updating) on concurrent maintenance. On the one hand, we observe that the involvement of any executive function in a processing activity results in a decrease of memory performance. On the other hand, a meta-analysis establishes an accurate metric of this effect: the memory loss induced by a controlled processing activity is exclusively determined by the proportion of time during which this activity captures attention. Both maintenance and processing are underpinned by the central executive in charge of the sequential setting up of the executive processes. When a controlled processing activity is performed, it occupies the central executive that is no longer available for refreshing decaying memory traces
Krichen, Mariem. "Modèle technico-économique pour le déploiement d'un réseau femto avec le partage de ressources." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0011.
Full textNowadays, the mobile operators want to offer a correct quality of service to their clients while they are in the heart of a catastrophic scenario with data request doubling from one year to another, networks reaching their capacity limits and stable revenues due to flat rate. The solution that we propose in this thesis is the exploitation of femto accesses, set up at clients place, through sharing resources. Since many types of cells should be managed with the introduction of femto cells, self-configuration mechanisms would be vital for mobile operators. The first part of this thesis compares the performances of three algorithms for the self-confi guration of the physical cell identifier in LTE. In the second part of the thesis, we present a techno-economic model where two types of actors interact. First, the femto access providers are the mobile operator clients who own femto access at their place and accept to share part of their bandwidth with other clients. Then, the femto access requesters are the mobile operator clients who need a good quality of service outdoor. In sharing femto access problem, requesters are competing to access providers resources. This competition is modeled as a game where requesters rely on a learning mechanism to address their requests. Through simulations, we evaluate the performances of this mechanism for different network loads and scenarios where competition between requesters differs. Finally, this mechanism is implemented on a static context then on a dynamic one. We propose a solution to mobility issues based on cells categorization
Trâǹ, Minh Anh. "Insensibilité dans les réseaux de files d'attente et applications au partage de ressources informatiques /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41248541p.
Full textVernon, Yann. "L'accès aux réseaux et le partage des ressources essentielles dans l'Union européenne : l'exemple des télécommunications." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10405.
Full textIn a competitive economy, the access to the networks of the incumbent operators and the sharing of the essential ressources whose duplication wouldn't be economically viable is indispensable to the new operators entering on the market. The convergent and complementary application of competition rules within the framework of not only the common competition law (abuse od dominant position, agreements and concerted practices, control of concentrations) but also of the sector-specific regulation applicable to the network industries ensures that he incumbents do not protect the revenue from with they benefit either by refusing third parties access to the market, or by using delaying tactics or by practising dissuasive access prices which can result in the prevention of a new competition in the relevant sector. In spite of this convergence of the applicable rules, the measures of transposition of the sector-specific community law within national laws reveal the room for manoeuvre available to the Member States. According to their chocies of industrial policy, the States influence the structuring of markets, the definition of the competitive models (competition for services or networks) and the intensity of the competition. In the field of telecommunications, the study of interconnection conditions, the access to the local loop, the conditions of allocation of rights of way or licences is in this respect signifiant
Alokour, Omar. "Le partage de l'eau au Moyen Orient." Nancy 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN20010.
Full textIn the Middle East, water's ressources are limited and distributed between some countries which have conflicting relations. Some privileged countries prefer unilateral initiatives more than dialog and cooperation. This conflicted interests between other countries enforce the reason of the clash. In this field, the international law is open
Boyer, Stéphane. "Algorithmes incitifs pour le partage de ressources dans les réseaux 802.11 en présence de noeuds égoïstes." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/978/1/BOYER_St%C3%A9phane.pdf.
Full textPimpeterre, Sylvie. "Partage des connaissances en milieu bancaire : une approche en terme des ressources et de propriété psychologique." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40059.
Full textThe knowledge sharing is a central managerial issue nowadays. Our research stands in this context. We do not aim at keeping the previous work tradition, even if we are inspired by it, but rather to provide new elements for understanding the complex phenomenon of knowledge sharing. Our approach relies on two theoretical structures. The first, Hobfoll's ressource preservation (1989) which conciliates transactional and interactional approaches of stress. The second is Pierce, Cummings & Dirks "psychological ownership in organization" which tends to explain the psychological property concept since there is a confusion between the inner self (personality hard core) and the object (knowledge). Our research aims at having a better understanding of how individual mechanisms may influence the knowledge sharing. The general problem lies in the following question : why do people share or do not share their knowledge ? The banking environment has been selected as a professional structure. The quantitative approach has been favoured. The analysis has been carried out from data based on 600 questionnaires sending, with a return rate of 45. 5 %. The hypothesis of our model have been partially ratified. Resources act upon knowledge sharing. However the psychological property power experienced by banking executives towards their knowledge, has no direct effect on their sharing
Hamadé, Fady. "Partage de coût sériel d'un bien public international : la gestion des ressources en eau au Proche-Orient." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10048.
Full textBarraquand, Frédéric. "Concéquences écologiques et évolutives de la localisation des interactions prédateur-proie." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066605.
Full textTouati, Hadjer. "Allocation de ressources et partage de charge adaptés aux architectures de réseaux d'accès basées sur le cloud." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAS009.
Full textOver the next few years, the new fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) will face a significant growth in terms of data volumes and number of connected objects. Furthermore, with the emergence of new applications and services such as Internet of Things (IoT), Autonomous Driving (AD), Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Augmented Reality and Industry 4.0 higher performances are required in terms of reliability and Quality of Service (QoS). Meeting these requirements, while reducing the Capital and Operation Expenditures (CAPEX/OPEX), are the pursued goals of the mobile operators. Consequently, Telcos defined a new radio access architecture, called Cloud/ Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN). This latter proposes to split the base station into two parts: the Remote Radio Head (RRH) on which only Radio Frequency (RF) operations are executed, and the BaseBand Unit (BBU) where baseband processing is performed. These two units are interconnected through a high-capacity/ low-delay Fronthaul (FH) network. In this thesis, we focus on the C-RAN performances. We propose new modeling approaches allowing the analysis and the tuning of a set of parameters related to cell cooperation and Fronthaul transport. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to resource sharing with cooperation mechanisms in a C-RAN context and H-CRAN (Heterogeneous C-RAN). There sources offered by the Cloud will have to provide the necessary computing capabilities for the processing required to manipulate these flows and make the necessary decisions in a fast, cooperative, coordinated and distributed manner, and in particular to solve radio problems such as interference management. For this purpose, we offer real-time dimensioning tools for resource sharing with interference management, which provides better network stability by maximizing overall throughput. In the other hand, since next generation cellular networks are targeting higher bit rates, lower delays and enhanced inter-cell coordination, higher capacity and lower latency fronthaul solutions are required, among others. The use of Ethernet packet-switched networks for the fronthaul links with a C-RAN architecture are nowadays considered. These will allow leveraging statistical multiplexing gains, infrastructure reuse and cost reduction. Different fronthaul split options are proposed. However, in order to satisfy latency requirements, most of studies advocate the use of lower fronthaul split options, requiring huge fronthaul link capacity. In order to reduce the deployment cost of links and Ethernet switches of the fronthaul while satisfying the stringent latency requirements of next generation mobile networks, we first propose a new decomposition of the functionalities between the radio heads and the BBU pool. Next, we propose a real-time dimensioning tool that allows, according to the split level and the type of radio traffic, to jointly design the sizing rules
Souak, Youssef. "Le partage de la fonction ressources humaines : une étude par les théories de l’alignement stratégique et de l'AMO." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0109.
Full textThe end of the twenty-first century has been filled by great changes in the human resources function (HRF). This new agenda, lead to the integration of operational managers as new main actors. Focusing on the operational side of the function, they permit HR specialists to focus on more strategic roles. Sharing the HRF has needed the thinking of new infrastructure and particularly required human the use of human resources information systems. These tools have introduced new capacities of information manipulation, treatment and sharing. Their diffusion in management both has been reinforced and has justified the new need for collaboration between departments. But the HRF sharing is a strategic orientation which may result in failure. This acknowledgement questions companies about how they coordinate their choices and how they fit them with their strategic goals. Based on a case study, this research explores the way organizational infrastructure is deployed and the consequences of that on the managers’ position. The aim of this work is to understand how the consistency of organizational choices can explain the success of the HRF sharing. Results show that the consistency may generate two effects. On the one hand, it influences their material and immaterial capacities to implement their HR roles by a direct effect on their skills and on their access to HR tasks. In another hand, results show that the alignment of organizational choices acts indirectly on the managers’ position by an impact on their motivation. Our work results in formulation of a conceptual framework including our research inputs
Bouche, Sophie. "Succès reproducteur et partage des ressources chez l'avocette, recurvirostra avosetta : étude de la colonie des marais d'olonne (Vendée)." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10108.
Full textZghaib, Rizk. "L'eau et son partage au Levant : enjeu juridique au service de la paix." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020090.
Full textThe current legal framework that dictates the water distribution in the Levant can be considered as inapt and insufficient in the way it overlooks the populations’ current needs. Negotiated upon through a series of bilateral conventions that favored the interests of some sovereign states at the expense of others, today’s legal framework is sustaining the long-standing political tensions in the region. In hindsight, it appears as though the bilateral conventions have shaped a status quo that failed to take into account the vital characteristic of the natural resource in question and its essential need to be shared and equitably distributed in an approach that subscribes within the common interest. Today, although the international water distribution practices witnessed significant evolution, the Levant region nevertheless still finds itself enacting an outdated framework, one that overlooks the hydrological unity of the Jordan Basin. In practice, the bilateral conventions led to a sectarian division of resources as opposed to a more balanced and fair regional one allowing a full implementation to the principles of equitable and non harmful use of international water. These customary principles, now codified, can’t fully be effective through this lacking and deficient legal framework. However, the Levant’s water resources can go from being the bearer of regional tension, to triggering a series of cooperative talks. With a high number of imperatives at stake it is only a matter of time until the regional players reconvene and adopt a more suitable and equitable distribution practice. Doing so would bring about new levels of institutionalized and cooperative practices, which would ultimately lead to a strong affirmation of peace in the region
Gervier, Eric. "Étude sur la notion d'équité et ses implications dans le partage des ressources et des espaces en droit international." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010314.
Full textEquity is one of those higher notions whose objective is to give effect to an ideal of justice. To this end, it assumes a close relationship with values such as morality, as well as principles transcending positive norms such as those of natural law, in order to give a human touch to the general corpus of written rules. As a result, equity may sometimes be seen as an extra-legal notion emaning from a set of ethical rules (equity extra legem), while at other times it may be understood as an instinct, intuition, inherent in human nature, whose purpose is to interpret the systematic and formal demands of the law (equity infra legem). But in every case, its influence can only be felt in relation to the law, in its connection with the law, in helping to develop or bend an abstract principle and correct or mitigate the strictness of its application, as appropriate. Focused on international practice, these complexions of equity are apparent in areas such as the allocation of common human resources, as well as in the area of boundary disputes. The former inspires the development of norms in a way that suggests a content which is in keeping with the aspirations of common social justice. The latter combines all its skills in composing, completing or supplanting an insufficient, inappropriate or injust normative context, or more simply in adapting it to real life situations, if it turns out to be too general, albeit judicious
Rezmerita, Ala. "Contribution aux intergiciels et protocoles pour les grappes virtuelles." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112294.
Full textSharing resources among different institutions and individuals connected over the Internet is considered to be solution to meet the increasing demands of computation and storage of modern applications. The execution of parallel applications previously carried out within an organization, in a geographically distributed and under the control of multiple administrative domains, reveals many challenges. Indeed, several factors reduce the capacity of existing applications to be run seamlessly on such networks and limit the types of applications that can benefit from resource sharing, compared to a local environment. The problems most often encountered are related to the configuration of heterogeneous resources, limited access to resources due to Network Address Translators (NAT) and Firewalls and the inability to define sharing policies. To facilitate the collaboration in such context, several middleware solutions have been proposed. However, most proposed approaches either require the modification of existing applications, either their implementation is very complex. In this thesis, a new approach is studied and proposed. The major objective is to address the problem of network connectivity between protected resources through mechanisms of NAT and Firewall. It also explains how to expose the obtained virtual network to the applications, without modifying them
Cristino, Frota Mont'alverne Tarin. "Vers un régime international sur l’accès et le partage des avantages dans le droit de la biodiversité ?" Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05D008.
Full textThis study aims to determine the need, despite the variety of obstacles, of an international regime on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing. The question is what measures might be most appropriate to harmonize the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity regarding the access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from their use, the national laws on access and benefit-sharing, the Bonn Guidelines and the rules on intellectual property. The need for an adequate and coherent legal framework arises to resolve conflicts. The main issue is what kind of international regime on access and benefit-sharing is under formation
Mellac, Marie. "Des forêts sans partage- Dynamique de l'espace et utilisation des ressources dans un district de montagne au nord Viêt Nam." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024803.
Full textMellac, Ghislaine Marie. "Des forêts sans partage : dynamique de l'espace et utilisation des ressources dans un district de montagne au nord Viêt Nam." Bordeaux 3, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024803.
Full textHamdoun, Safa. "Algorithmes adaptatifs et efficaces de partage de ressources radio pour les communications de type MTC : cas de coexistence H2H/M2M." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1096/document.
Full textThe Internet-of-Things (IoT) refers to the ever-growing network of everyday objects that interconnect to each other or to other Internet-enabled systems via wireless sensors attached to them. IoT envisions a future where billions of smart devices will be connected and managed through a range of communication networks and cloud-based servers, enabling a variety of monitoring and control applications. Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications supported by cellular networks, also known as Machine-Type-Communications (MTC) acts as a key technology for partially enabling IoT. M2M communications is a new technology paradigm that facilitates the ubiquitous connectivity between a myriad of devices without requiring human intervention. The surge in the demand for connectivity has further challenged network operators to design novel radio resource allocation algorithms at affordable costs to handle the massive scale of MTC.Different from current radio access technologies tailored to traditional Human- to-Human (H2H) communications, the goal of this thesis is to provide novel efficient and adaptive radio resource sharing schemes for MTC under a H2H/M2M coexistence scenario. We first provide a suitable multiple access scheme to address the joint spectrum scarcity, scalability and Base Station (BS) overload issues. Toward this end, we design a group-based operation where MTC corresponds to local uplink communications between Machine-Type-Devices (MTDs), which represent a specific type of devices that do not rely on the presence of a human interface, and a Machine-Type-Head (MTH). This latter plays the role of a cluster head that relays the information to the BS. We thus address the need to aggregate M2M and Device-to-Device (D2D) technology, as one of the major components of the future evolving cellular networks. Having said that, we first propose in this thesis to model the radio resource sharing problem between MTDs and H2H users as a bipartite graph and develop a novel interference-aware graph-based radio resource sharing algorithm for MTC so as to mitigate the co-channel interference and thus enhance network efficiency. Moreover, low-complexity semi-distributed solution is investigated to alleviate the communication overhead of a centralized solution that we propose as well. Then, as a second contribution, we examine how M2M devices can share the available radio resources in cellular networks with no or limited impact on existing H2H services. Consequently, we propose a joint spectrally and power efficient radio resource sharing scheme. Convinced by the strength of the bipartite graph modeling for the resource sharing problem between H2H users and M2M devices, we empower the graph-based radio resource sharing algorithm with a novel adaptive power control feature using one of two following mechanisms: the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and the fuzzy logic. Finally, in our third contribution of this thesis, we develop a power efficient and fully-distributed radio resource sharing framework for MTC underlying cellular networks. We use game theory and model the resource sharing problem as an efficient hybrid-game where M2M devices compete for radio resources and switch opportunistically, as M2M devices are selfish in nature, between non-cooperative and cooperative games. The different derived solutions are extended to existing cellular networks, and extensive simulation studies in the context of LTE are conducted. The various simulation results show that the proposed solutions can significantly increase the efficiency of the spectrum usage, mitigate the negative effect on H2H services and save the battery life of M2M devices
Talbot, Grégoire. "L'intégration spatiale et temporelle du partage des ressources dans un système agroforestier noyers-céréales : une clef pour en comprendre la productivité ?" Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664530.
Full textTalbot, Grégoire. "L'intégration spatiale et temporelle du partage des ressources dans un système agroforestiers noyers-céréales, une clef pour en comprendre la productivité ?" Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20219/document.
Full textMeasurements on experimental silvoarable agroforestry plots (mixed tree-crop) showed exceptionally high productivity, with yields more than 30% higher compared to the separate crop and tree systems. We developed a 3-D process-based model (Hi-sAFe) and used it to (1) test if the spatiotemporal integration of resources sharing (light, water, nitrogen) between species could explain this productivity and (2) assess how agroforestry design or management may affect this productivity. We developed a novel method for the analysis of simulated data to identify and sort the processes determining yield by order of importance. The model was parameterized and calibrated on a hybrid walnut / durum wheat located on the Restinclières field (Hérault, France). After a detailed analysis of the functioning of this system, we explored by virtual experiments its response to design choices: (1) phenological traits of associated species, and (2) density and location of trees on the plot. The comprehensiveness of the Hi-sAFe model provides a new insight into the functioning of agroforestry systems. It clarifies the complexity of the real system. Our results put forward a deterministic interpretation of the performance of each species and of the total productivity of the crop-tree association (Land Equivalent Ratio). The analysis of virtual experiments offers practical ways for optimizing agroforestry systems
Bournot, Anne. "Approche économique du partage des usages d'un actif multifonctions : le cas de l'estuaire de la Gironde." Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40042.
Full textHuman activities have an impact on their environment. Most areas undergo environmental pressures, involving positive or negative externalities. In sharing a multifunctional territory, there is an essential question of allocating the resources between the users. We have to integrate use conflicts as well as the physical, biological and economic interactions. We illustrate our problem with an example : the Gironde estuary in France. Three elements are studied. The first one describes the impacts undergone by this territory. Secondly the impacts of human activities are evaluated and compared to the damage which it generates on commercial fisheries. Thirdly we examine sharing strategies of the damage and of a renewable resource : migratory fish stocks and propose a solution to a better cooperation between agents. This economic approach allows thinking about cohabitation between viability of economic activities and preservation of natural resources
Forbes, Florence. "Modèles markoviens de ressources partagées." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004991.
Full textHamidouche, Kenza. "La théorie des jeux pour l’allocation de ressources dans les réseaux à petites cellules." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC095/document.
Full textThis thesis consists in developing distributed mechanisms for resource allocation in next-generation cellular networks. In the first part of this thesis, the technical and economic challenges for the implementation of distributed storage policies in small cell networks are addressed. In particular, a proactive storage approach is proposed enabling the small base stations to exploit the information extracted from online social networks to estimate the local popularity of the files. Another optimized storage approach is proposed for ultra-dense cellular networks while accounting for the instantaneous variations of the state of the storage units. To facilitate the deployment of these storage solutions, new economic mechanisms are developed to motivate content providers to cooperate with network operators and store their files within the operators' small base stations. In the second part of this thesis, the problem of spectrum management is studied in cache-enabled small cell networks as well as LTE-U systems. In particular, a distributed backhaul management approach is proposed for cellular networks with heterogeneous backhaul links. On the other hand, a multi-game framework is proposed as a new game theoretic tool to cope with the new resource allocation problems that emerge with the introduction of LTEU technology in wireless networks. In this regard, a multi-game composed of two subgames of different types is formulated to optimize the coexistence of LTE-U base stations and WiFi users over unlicensed bands, while preventing LTE-U base stations from jeopardizing the WiFi users
Larroca, Federico. "Techniques d'ingénierie de trafic dynamique pour l'internet." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005733.
Full textLacoume, Sandrine. "Développement et succès reproducteur des mâles parasitoïdes, Dinarmus basalis, suite à des contraintes environnementales." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4009.
Full textMales should protect their sperm stock and fertilization potential. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of different environmental constraints on the reproductive success of males of the hymenoptera parasitoid, Dinarmus basalis. We have chosen a biotic factor (host resource) and an abiotic factor (a cold shock). Our results show that a cold choc on adult males does not affect their reproductive potential. However, a cold shock applied during development reduces males’ emergence but not developmental durations. Similar results are obtained with a dietary constraint applied during male development. This constraint affects also male phenotype by reducing both male and genital tract size. A stress applied during development reduces the quantity of sperm. In single mating, these constraints do not prevent male from mating. However, in repeated mating and male-male competition, constraints applied during development disadvantage males
Bouaré-Trianneau, Kadidia Nianti. "Dynamiques spatiales et mobilités paysannes : les relations agriculture/élevage dans deux terroirs agro-pastoraux du Delta intérieur du fleuve Niger (Mali)." Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT5041.
Full textThe analysis of the relationship agriculture - livestock production in two agro-pastoral lands was carried out according to a systemic approach putting into interaction the areas of agro-pastoral operations. How is the sharing of the same space by two systems of activities performed by various actors? Because of this, the objective of this research is to understanding the relationships between actors by examining the mastery of space, and the practices of each type of player. Based on of qualitative analysis and semi-structured interviews carried out in two agro-pastoral lands, we show in particular that the existing interdependencies between the two systems of production (agriculture and livestock) in the space and the schedule of practices the environment are linked to climatic conditions and to seasons, but also to the power differential between the various actors. With spatial division resulting from the process of decentralization, new actors and elected officials are involved in decision making at the level of villages. Our findings illustrate the complex inner and external interplay of interactions between agriculture and livestock, and how the latter is crystallizing or partially mitigating the issue of sharing space and resources. The history of the settling of the residents and the first division confers on this area a very profound social foundation that regulates the access to and the management of the various resource areas. These analyses indicate a certain permanence of agricultural and pastoral practices but also their adjustment to an administrative and climate change
Rasoloarijao, Tsiory Mampionona. "Écologie de l’abeille, Apis mellifera unicolor Latreille, dans les écosystèmes forestiers naturels de Ranomafana (Madagascar) et Mare Longue (Réunion) : étude du comportement de butinage et de l’utilisation des ressources florales par approche mélissopalynologique." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0043/document.
Full textThe natural forest ecosystems of the Southwest Indian Ocean (SOOI) have been strongly impacted by deforestation and face many biological invasions that are alter their balance, particularly plant-pollinator interactions. It is in this context that this thesis is set, describing the relations between an indigenous general pollinator: Apis mellifera unicolor and the flora of two ecosystems of Madagascar (Ranomafana: RA) and Reunion (Mare Longue: ML). The palynological description of 135 species from 52 families of melliferous plants from the RA formation, highlighted the specific criteria of pollens associated with entomophilous pollination. In a second time, monthly phenological monitoring of 131 species (90% native) to RA and 120 species (53% exotic) to ML allowed to identify and estimate the available floral resources. During one year, the monthly analysis of honeys and pollen collected enabled an inventory of the floral resources actually exploited. Native species were significantly more visited than exotic species, despite a diversity of exotic resources superior to that of the natives (ML). The foraging behaviour of the honeybee on the genus Weinmannia was analysed on the basis of 104 hours of video (W. bojeriana and W. rutenbergii in Madagascar, and W. tinctoria in Reunion Island). The flowers were visited by many potential pollinators: Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and other Hymenoptera. A. m. unicolor was the most frequent visitor to the two species from Madagascar. The results confirmed the generalist behaviour of A. m. unicolor, with, however, a strong and significant preference for native floral species of tree and shrub strata and makes it possible to speculate on the important place of this bee in the ecosystems of the SOOI biodiversity hotspot
POULLE, MARIE-LAZARINE. "Eco-ethologie du renard roux en lorraine : influence du mode de distribution des ressources sur le partage de l'espace et les relations inter-individuelles." Strasbourg 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13169.
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