Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Partage de clauses'
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Vallade, Vincent. "Contributions à la résolution parallèle du problème SAT." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS260.
Full textThis thesis presents multiple and orthogonal contributions to the improvement of the parallel resolution of the Boolean satisfiability problem (or SAT problem). An instance of the SAT problem is a propositional formula of a particular form (the conjunctive normal form is the most common) representing, in general, the variables and constraints of a real-world problem, such as multi-constraint planning, hardware and software verification or cryptography. Solving the SAT problem involves determining whether there is an assignment of variables that satisfies the formula. An algorithm capable of providing an answer to this problem is called a SAT solver. A simplified view of a SAT solver is an algorithm that will traverse the set of possible combinations of values for each variable until it finds a combination that makes the formula true (the formula is SAT). If the solver has gone through all the possible combinations without finding a solution, the formula is UNSAT. Obviously, this algorithm has an exponential complexity, indeed the SAT problem is the first problem to have been determined NP-complete. Many algorithms and heuristics have been developed to accelerate the solving capacity of this problem, mainly in a sequential context. The ubiquity of multi-core machines has encouraged considerable efforts in the parallel resolution of the SAT problem. This thesis is a continuation of these efforts. The contributions made by this thesis focus on the quality of information sharing between the different workers of a parallel SAT solver. A first contribution presents an efficient method to implement an asynchronous algorithm for reducing the size of the shared information. A second contribution combines the information extracted from the particular structure of the propositional formula with the information extracted dynamically during the resolution of the problem by the solver in order to create a filter that maximizes the quality of the shared information. Finally, a last contribution deals with the integration of a component allowing to determine in a probabilistic way the truth value of the variables allowing to make a formula satisfiable. The call of this component during the solving process allows to guide the solver more quickly towards a solution (if a solution exists)
Arvisais, Alexandra. "L'esthétique du partage dans l'œuvre littéraire et picturale de Claude Cahun et Moore." Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H006/document.
Full textThe polymorphic work of Claude Cahun, author and artist from the first half of the 20th century, and Moore, visual artist, is essentially based on the idea of sharing. From 1913 to 1954, Cahun and Moore developed a work that relies in part on shared creation, that is to say, it is produced symbiotically by two collaborators, but whereas another part is undertaken solely by one of the artists. Their work takes on the double path of writing and artistic expression (drawing, photography, photomontage, object) to express their vision of the equivocal subject and art under the sign of the multiple. With the perspective of studying writing and the image as two inseparable means of expression, the notion of sharing will allow to consider both Cahun’s and of Moore’s approach between literary and artistic movements and genres, between an author and an artist, between the subject and its doubles and between the arts and the media issues. By proposing the notion of sharing as an operational concept, this thesis seeks to recontextualize Cahun’s and Moore’s work according to its belonging in the cultural and literary history of late symbolism, modernism and the surrealist avant-garde, embracing both the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Their vision of the work as a space for sharing between the textual and the visual is accomplished by a collaboration between author and visual artist, which redefines the status of the solitary creator. I will also approach the self-representation approach from the notion of sharing as the identity construction of the Self, through many self-projections on paper or film, goes through duplication to express the être-au-monde of a subject that does not recognize itself within the boundaries of univocal gendered and identity categories. The act of sharing results in the creation of a hybrid work combining words and images in a process that goes beyond the illustration of the text by the image to favor dialogue between media. Sharing is essential as the notion par excellence to capture a work that has made out of duplication – of filiations, intertexts, creator, identity and the oeuvre itself – its modus operandi
Zhou, Hao. "De la Marche à la Fuite - lire Claudel en partant de l'Orient." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040097.
Full textThis thesis studies Art poétique of Paul Claudel and his influence in his creation with a Chinese critical perspective. To avoid excessive interpretation, I develop an intercultural approach. In the actual process of reading, I use the classical Chinese aesthetic and literary theories to summarize synthetically the aesthetic effect of the works as a whole, and proposes the two kinds of effects as “walk” and “escape”. Then I use the traditional western method of textual analysis and the method of documentary research, to link effects to text. The observation of the development and transformation of these two forces can cross the apparent complexity of the poet’s work, and reveal the direct influence and possible convergences between his thought and Eastern thought
Créac'h, Martine. "La peinture de Poussin en partage : Claude Simon, René Char, André du Bouchet, Yves Bonnefoy et Philippe Jaccottet." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA082021.
Full textSeo, Seok-Dol. "Le thème de la possession du monde, de la femme, dans le théâtre de Claudel : Tête d'Or, La Ville, Partage de Midi, Le Soulier de Satin." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN21005.
Full textThe subject of the research is " The theme of possession of the world, of the woman, in Claudel's theatre (Tête d'Or, La Ville, Partage de Midi, Le Soulier de Satin). What is the origin, from a christian point of view, of possession for the author himself ? We have found a relationship that exists between the personal evolution of Claudel during his lifetime and the way in which ate expressed the two components of the theme of the possession in his theatre plays : the possession of the world and the possession of the woman. In Claudel's drama, man tries to acquire without limits those things that are visible (material things, land, and the woman) but only in order to obtain finally those things that are invisible (the joy, the love and the Spirit, who are eternal). This analysis is focalized on the human desire itself, with it's double contradictory tendency of possession and of destruction ; One can see this double human desire confronted with a single metaphysical and spriritual aporia, the woman becoming, by favor of depossession, the illuminated mediator of a celestial to know himself and to express himself by using the great harmony of the world, a world shown as a profound source or privileged object of search and possession. Claudel's drama is characterized by a duality of possession and of depossession, which finds it's conclusion or resolution in the discovery of transcendence. Your possession is mine : he who's spirit was visited by certitude =, a certain 25th of December 1886 in Notre-Dame of Paris, understood one for all – even by repeating this question in his drama – where ins the principle of the only possession which can't be destroyed by anything
Saquour, Maï. "L'image de la déesse mère : vue à travers Voyage au bout de la nuit de Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Génitrix de François Mauriac et Partage de Midi de Paul Claudel." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1607.
Full textJanczur, Christine. "Apresentação de uma tradução comentada da Introdução e da Primeira Parte de Introduction à l\'étude de la médecine expérimentale de Claude Bernard: do projeto à realização." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-03122015-150538/.
Full textIn this study, we present a translation with commentary (or annotated translation), from French to Portuguese, covering a section of a classic work of scientific importance. The author chosen was the French physician and scientist Claude Bernard, who published dozens of books about his practice as a professor of physiology at the College de France in Paris between 1843 and 1879. Upon consideration of a large number of works by this author and with the experts` advice in the fields of Philosophy and History of Science, the book chosen for this work was Introduction à l\'étude de la médecine expérimentale (1865). The book that is our corpus consists of an Introduction, followed by three parts: The Experimental Reasoning; Experimentation in Living Beings; Applications of the Experimental Method in the Study of the Phenomena of Life. The proposed work includes the translation of the Introduction and First Part of the book, adding several notes of different types, related both to scientific content and to translation issues. Our choice of translation for the development of this proposal was to take the reader into the original text or to its author, consisting of a translation procedure denominated foreignizing (Venuti, 1995). Therefore, we focused on the author`s writing style and terminology, emphasizing the scientific issues in the context of the nineteenth century, compared to the twenty-first century.
Boukaram, Sahar. "La protection des "parties faibles" dans le règlement "Rome I"." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1082.
Full textThe “internal market" generates international contracts within and outside Europe. The proliferation of these contracts in fact requires an internal market established as an "area of freedom, security and justice". Regulation "Rome I", instrument of private international and European law, displays the purpose of ensuring the contractual freedom and legal security per elaborating general rules of conflict of laws. The will of the European legislator to ensure contractual justice within the internal market give rise thus, to special rules of conflict of laws that protect the contracting parties in a weak position face their co-contractor in dominant position. Regulation "Rome I" consecrates conflict of laws rules protecting the interests of certain contracting parties, that it considers that they are "weak parties"; they are the workers, the consumers, the passengers traveling to or from their country of residence, the policyholders of mass risks located on European territory, as well as distributors and franchisees. However, the success of the internal market requires achieving a balance between contractual justice, contractual freedom and legal security, even under protective special rules of conflict of laws. This balance can be achieved by correctives of proximity. The corrective of proximity inserted as part of the protective special rules of conflict of laws not only participates in the main function of the rule of law conflict, namely the designation of the competence of the legal system most closely related to the contract, but also to the establishment and operation of an internal market, area of freedom, security and justice
Briend, Cyril. "Le contrat d'adhésion entre professionnels." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB177/document.
Full textThe professional, supposed to be able to defend his interests, by opposition to the employee or the consumer, has proven to also be victim of imbalanced contracts for a few decades. The emergence of powerful private companies in various sectors clearly leads to inequalities between professionals. Our study underlines the difficulty to find the best criterion to identify what a professional weaker party is. It is impossible to say that globally such company is stronger than another because the legal person party to the agreement can hide many interests, which are hard to seize at first sight. Nor can the judge arbitrate prices in an authoritarian way without risking a misappropriation of his part. We shall side for this idea: a business-to-business agreement is to be qualified of adhesion contract as long as it does not give place to adequate bargaining; so the judge has to look the bargaining process and the circumstances preceding the contract. Many criteria can help the judge such as the size of the company, market parts, exchanged words, the good or bad faith of the parties or the efforts they have made. If we consider the bargain analysis as the ultimately rightest choice, we have to contemplate its limitations. It would not be realistic to consider that the judge could always discover every circumstance prior to the agreement. This is why we shall join a system of presumptions - albeit rebuttable - to the bargain analysis, when the difference of size of companies or the disproportion of provisions is obvious. We shall put into light the strategies used by strongest parts to bypass the bargain analysis, such as harmful clauses or internationalization tactics. Thus, we shall opt for high obligatory standards, as well as in national law than in international law. Once the bargain analysis is done, we shall try to suggest sanctions adapted to the concern. The judge, in our opinion, must be able to modify the agreement in a very flexible way, either retroactively or during the implementation of the said agreement. The gravity of various contractual behaviors must lead us to think about a form of criminal law or a "quasi criminal" law in order to combat those behaviors in a more suitable mean. Nevertheless, the protection of the professional weaker part is also to be dealt on a procedural ground. A proceeding for interim measures is likely to face the needs for celerity, which bother the weakest parts for their action. We shall also underline the advantages of a class action, which could overcome the financial issue of the lawsuit. Conversely, the legal security of business will bring us to foster a protection by a soft law system. First Part: The identification of the business-to-business adhesion contract. Second Part: The judicial treatment of business-to-business adhesion contracts
Desgré, Stève. "Un autre regard sur l'histoire de la protection sociale en France entre 1789 et 1945 : réflexions scientifiques à partir d'une expérience professionnelle de biographe d'institutions sociales : thèse sur travaux La Mutualité vendéenne : la Mutualité dans l’histoire sociale d’un département rural L’alliance originale de la coopération et de la mutualité : l’école de Saint-Claude L’apport des monographies d’institutions locales à l’histoire et à la pensée de la protection sociale L’alliance entre Mont-de-piété et hospices civils au XIXème siècle : l’histoire partagée et méconnue de deux institutions sociales." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2062.
Full textThis thesis on works is the fruit of years of research and writing missions, outside the university framework, for the account of sponsors and directors of social institutions who gave rise to the publication of four institutional biographies (Les forces des solidarités vendéennes, 2005 ; Harmonie Mutualité quand solidarité rime avec modernité, 2008 ; Histoire de la Mutualité dans le Jura, 2010 ; Crédit municipal de Nantes : deux siècles de solidarité, 2013). The aim is to highlight these publications and make a contribution to a largely unfinished building, that of the history of social protection in France. This thesis is based on four articles published in scientific publications : "La Mutualité vendéenne : la Mutualité dans l'histoire sociale d'un département rural", Vie sociale, 2008; "L'alliance originale de la coopération et de la mutualité : l'école de Saint-Claude", RECMA, 2013; "L'apport des monographies d'institutions locales à l'histoire et à la pensée de protection sociale", Comité Aquitain d'histoire de la Sécurité sociale, 2017; "L'alliance entre monts-de-iété et hospices civils au XIXème siècle : histoire partagée et méconnue de deux institutions sociales", to be published in the Revue internationale de l'économie sociale). The report of this thesis is made up of reflections relating to the role of the historian confronted with institutional biographical orders, to the welfare state and the instrumentalization of the social for the purposes of supervision and moralization of populations, to the contribution of law in the history of social protection, to the role of the actor in history
Papadatou, Marina. "La convention d’arbitrage dans le contrat de transport maritime de marchandises : étude comparée des droits français, hellénique et anglais." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020008/document.
Full textThis study is primarily focused on the enforceability of arbitration agreements incorporated in contracts of carriage of goods by sea. First, we will cover the important issue of determining the law applicable to these arbitration agreements. Special attention will be given to how courts tend to implement general international arbitration principles to maritime disputes. An arbitration agreement incorporated in acontract of carriage of goods by sea should also be analyzed in light of the specificities of maritime transport law and applicable international shipping conventions. Moreover, the comparative methodology used herein will show that the enforceability of arbitration agreements is closely related to the qualification of the operators involved in the contract. In particular, among the commercial players involved in the carriage of the goods, we sought to examine the legal position of the consignee of the goods. Indeed, since the consignee is absent at the moment of the contract formation, the binding effect there upon of the arbitration agreement, which is generally incorporated “by reference” to the bill of lading, is highly debated by scholars and judges
Arvisais, Alexandra. "L’esthétique du partage dans l’œuvre littéraire et picturale de Claude Cahun et Moore." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21130.
Full textJean-Baptiste, Gilbert. "Les sociétés de personnes et la problématique de l'intuitus personae, en France et au Québec." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2434.
Full text"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit (LL.M.)"
Dvořáková, Tereza. "Paul Claudel: Polední úděl - česká recepce divadelní hry francouzského dramatika a diplomata." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-267822.
Full textTromp, Johannes Adriaan. "Freedom of contract and the enforceability of exemption clauses in view of section 48 of the Consumer Protection Act / Johannes Adriaan Tromp." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15957.
Full textLLM (Import and Export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
Rocha, Maria João Ferreira Costa e. Valente. "Análise do artigo 74.º do Código das Sociedades Comerciais (Cláusulas nulas. Renúncia e transação) : uma reflexão crítica: a aplicação do n.º 1, 1ª parte, às sociedades anónimas." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36718.
Full textThe main purpose of this dissertation is to reflect upon the nullity of the clauses limiting and excluding civil liability of Directors, solution instituted by the legislator in article 74 of the CSC, no. 1, 1st part. For such purpose, we shall start by alluding to the fundamental duties imposed on Directors and to the amplitude of the risk to which they are exposed in the exercise of their functions. Next, we will analyse the D&O insurance and the mechanisms set forth in our CSC destined to the protection of directors, with the purpose of assessing if those are adequate to the satisfaction of that purpose. After this introductory but necessary phase, we will direct our attention to the scope of the prohibition of art. 74 of the CSC, proceeding, in a first phase, to an incursion on the general rule consecrated in art. 809 of the CC, in order to know the meaning of the latter. Afterwards, we will focus on the viability of sustaining a solution that privileges private autonomy within the corporate law scope in order to understand if there is margin to admit – in the field of public limited liability companies – the conventional modulation of the terms of civil liability of directors in the Portuguese legal system.