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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Part-time employment'
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Williams, Mark A. "Part-time employment : "Get a job" /." Title page and contents only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw7244.pdf.
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Dahlman, Johanna, and Anna Engberg. "Part-time employment within the Swedish retail business : – A study of part-time employment from a management perspective." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-18682.
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Research question: How has the presence of PT employees affected the role of managers in the Swedish food retail business? Research purpose: The purpose of this paper was to describe the change that accompanies part-time employment from a management perspective, and particularly, describe how the presence of part-time employment has influenced the role of the manager within the Swedish food retail business. Conceptual framework: The main focused in this chapter is directed towards the role of managers. The basis of the conceptual framework consist of the model developed by Mintzberg including the ten managerial roles and Quinn's eight leadership roles and how the presence of PT employments might affect these roles. Methodology: In this paper, the authors adopted a qualitative design and used narrative inquiry as a research strategy in order to gain a deep understanding of the context. Semi- structured interviews have been collected through a self-selection sampling and the total number of participants was ten. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this paper the presence of PT employees have not influenced and changed the role of managers. The changes that have influenced and caused the change of the role of the managers constitutes of the increased workload, the delegations of tasks and responsibilities, changed positions, the change of the organisational structure of the individual store, and the increased workforce.
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Tam, Yeuk-mui. "Part-time employment in the 80s in Britain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294189.
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DeAnda, Roberto M. "Determinants of Involuntary Part-Time Work Among Chicanos." University of Arizona, Mexican American Studies and Research Center, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/218652.
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Ransome, Myrna M. "Part-time employment in high school years: educational, social, and psychological effects." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26371.
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This study focuses on the effects of part-time employment of high school students during the school year. While there are many benefits to be derived from part-time employment, many researchers have concluded that working intensely (over 20 hours per week) during the school year has deleterious academic, social, and psychological effects on high school students' achievement (Bachman & Schulenberg, 1983; Mortimer & Finch, 1986; Steinberg & Dornbusch, 1991; Wright, Cullen, & Williams, 2002). The study made reference to the theory of social embeddedness (Granovetter, 1985) and the primary orientation model (Warren, 2002) which suggested that high intensity work reduces time to focus on and become involved in other activities. There is also application to the ecological theory of human development (Bronfenbrenner, 1986) which stated that social contexts such as school, family, and work should all have connections to provide significant influences on adolescents’ development.
In this study, it was hypothesized that intense work involvement would be related to less engagement in school and school activities. It was further hypothesized that intensity of work will be negatively related to family and peer relationships.
The data for the study were obtained from three school divisions in southwest Virginia. A sample of N=1,402 high school students in grades 9-12 was used. Students completed the Work, School, and Social Experiences of High School Students Survey, which was adapted for the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS 14.0. The researcher employed descriptive and regression based analysis procedures to answer the research questions, and to determine the relationships among variables of interest.
The results indicated that intense part-time employment by high school students has negative effects on grades, family relationships, and peer relationship and often contributes to increased stress in the lives of these students. Part-time employment affects all aspects of students' lives and is far nuanced and needs continued attention and supervision from parents, educators, and teachers.
This research was supported by a 2005 Graduate Research Development Project grant from the Graduate Student Assembly at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech).Ph. D.
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Perry, S. M. "Women, part-time work and the 'Women and Employment Survey'." Thesis, Keele University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372830.
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Warren, Tracy Bernadette. "Women's part-time employment : a comparison of Britain and Denmark." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367006.
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Tilly, Christopher Charles. "Half a job : how U.S. firms use part-time employment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14438.
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Loughlin, Catherine A. "Toward a model of healthy work for full-time, part-time and contract employment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0010/NQ31939.pdf.
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Palmer, Beverley Lynn. "Patterns of student employment (14-18) : possible relation to attainment." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391318.
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Richards, A. Lesley. "Part-time paid work and academic achievement : a sixth form case study." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271994.
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JAMIESON, Lynnette Noela, and jamieson1@iinet net au. "The realities of part-time nursing in regional Queensland." Central Queensland University. School of nursing and Health Sciences, 2005. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20060510.094823.
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There are increasing numbers of Australian nurses working in part-time employment. This is important in a background where contemporary nursing shortages are a considerable barrier to the provision of adequate nursing personnel to meet nursing service demands. An accurate understanding of the situation of part-time nursing is necessary to enable effective human resource management of this segment of the nursing workforce. However, a paucity of available knowledge related to Australian part-time nursing represented a serious gap in the information required for effective and efficient management. Therefore the aim of this study was to discover and describe phenomena and develop theory that explains the realities of part-time nursing in regional Queensland. Strauss and Corbins (1998) version of the grounded theory approach and methods were used to conduct this study. A sample of 86 regional Queensland part-time nurses and 18 nurse managers and nurse educators provided data that permitted the discovery of a substantive theory of part-time nursing. This theory has contributed knowledge relevant to practitioners in the substantive area by discovering, describing and explaining the phenomenon of part-time nursing, the conditions that influence the phenomenon and the responses that are made to adapt and adjust to the associated challenges. The developed grounded theory represents a significant contribution to the meagre base of knowledge that previously existed by offering insight, enhancing understanding and providing a valuable guide to action.
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Stack, Niamh. "The benefits and costs of part-time employment for full-time school students: A psychological investigation." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2004. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.748543.
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Shima, Satomi. "Part-time employment in Britain and Japan : a comparative study of legal discourse." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73321/.
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This study analyses the discursive construction of part-time employment and the workers in it in the employmentand legal contexts in Britain and Japan, applying an analytical framework of the law developed from a post-structuralist feminist viewpoint. In doing this, this study contributes to knowledge in the field of legal studies by providing an account of the active role of the law in the area of employment,through the operation of discourse, in shaping and reshaping structural inequality which part-time women employees face in contemporary British and Japanese society. Evidence for this study is collected from statistical data, questionnaires and interviews with managers, interviews with a group of ex-part-time women workers pursuing a legal case and the close reading of legal materials in the two countries. From the examination of these data, two discourses are identified,which circulate in employment and legal institutions in both countries and which help to produce the differentiation between full-time and part-time employees. One discourse emphasises differencesin labour-related factors, such as working hours, job content and commitment, while the other emphasises differences in the gendered characteristics and domestic positions of men and women. I show that the two discourses operate within and across these institutions, constructing part-time employment as different from and inferior to full-time employment on both labour related and gender-related grounds, and legitimisingthe disadvantaged position of part-time employees. This discursive construction has brought about a gendered hierarchy within the law in which the inferior working pattern of part-time employment is gendered as women's, while the superior pattern of full-time employmentis gendered as men's. On the basis of this analysis, I argue that the law is one of the most influential discursive mechanisms which bring about and help to sustain the hierarchical gendering of society, contributing to the production and reproduction of unequal power relations between the sexes and between employers and part-time women employees.
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Nightingale, Madeline. "The 'low pay penalty' associated with part-time employment and its gendered implications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fd9207a1-bf00-4c0c-92b6-35d78bfb9059.
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Rather than looking across the earnings distribution as a whole (the 'average worker model'), this thesis investigates the implications of working part time for men and women at the lower end of the distribution. Focusing on the UK, the thesis is comprised of four stand-alone papers, each of which explores a different aspect of the relationship between part-time employment and low pay. The results show that men and women who work part time are considerably more likely to be low paid, and less likely to progress out of low pay, than their full-time counterparts. Few previous studies of part-time employment include men in the analysis, or consider how the implications of working part time may differ according to gender. This thesis shows that the part-time 'low pay penalty' is, in fact, more pronounced for men than for women. However, women are disproportionately affected in the sense that they work part time in greater numbers. The analysis shows that part-time work has historically played, and continues to play, a crucial role in shaping gender inequality in low pay. However, there has been a sustained decline in the importance of part-time employment as a contributing factor to the gender gap in low pay for UK employees. The thesis provides robust estimates of the relationship between part-time employment and low pay across a range of European countries for the first time. Far from being a quirk of the UK labour market, the part-time 'low pay penalty' is observed in most, if not all, European countries. However, there is considerable variation in the extent to which part-time workers face a higher risk of low pay compared to full-time workers. This variation appears to be more closely related to the incidence of low pay than to cross-national differences in working time practices.
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Marshall, Sarah. "The employment, development and support of part-time lecturers in one UK university." Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://oro.open.ac.uk/49325/.
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This research explored the nature and extent of the contribution of part-time lecturers to student learning in Higher Education, through a case study of one UK University. It drew on the experiences and opinions of part-time lecturers themselves, and of course directors, who had direct responsibility for managing the courses on which the part-timers taught. The primary data for the study was collected through a survey of each of these two groups of staff, covering the academic year 2000-2001. While the survey data in this study were largely quantitative, the inclusion of open questions provided opportunities for staff to express their own views. The issues raised were analysed against the background of previous research and emerging policy and legislation. The overall picture that emerged was of a group of staff who were enthusiastic and knowledgeable about their subject areas and committed to teaching students. However, their enthusiasm was tempered in many cases by the general failure of the university to manage this very important human resource strategically or effectively. There were examples in the responses of poor communication with part-time staff, poor administration, especially in relation to contracts and payment, lack of consideration of the information and resource needs of part-time lecturers, limited training and development opportunities, high levels of uncertainty and a tendency for managers to view part-time lecturers as a `flexible commodity'. Course directors frequently referred to the additional administration and student support that full-time academics had to take on because of the nature of the contracts given to most part-time lecturers. While there were a few examples of part-time lecturers who were well-integrated and expressed a sense of belonging to the faculty and the organisation, there were many who felt isolated and marginalised: they were rarely included in decision-making processes received only such information as directly related to the module(s) they were teaching, rarely communicated with students outside the lecture theatre or classroom and, when they did undertake broader roles (which many did), were rarely paid for the additional work. Some recommendations are made for a more strategic and inclusive approach to the management of part-time lecturers, which it is believed would have benefits for part-time and full-time lecturers alike, and would also enhance the quality of the student experience. Suggestions are also made for future research and development, including an exploration of the potential for web-based communication to reduce isolation.
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Abramson, Zelda. "Homeward bound, an examination of midlife women's labour force inactivity and part-time employment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ59116.pdf.
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Young, Sammy G. "Part- and Full-Time Re-Employment Probabilities Over Unemployment Duration and the Business Cycle." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17417582.
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This paper considers how the probabilities of transitioning from joblessness to part- versus full-time work change with the duration of joblessness and labor market conditions. Using 1996-2013 Survey of Income and Program Participation data, I estimate these transition probabilities using a Cox proportional hazard model. I find that as the duration of jobless spells increases, the monthly probability of transitioning to full-time employment declines faster than for part-time employment. Additionally, a one percentage point increase in the national unemployment rate is associated with a ten percent decrease in the probability of transitioning to full-time work but unrelated for part-time work. Consequently, the share of individuals transitioning from joblessness to part-time work increases with the duration of joblessness and with increasing labor market slack. Additional evidence suggests these increases are due to behavioral changes rather than unobserved heterogeneity. Finally, compared to their previous employment, individuals who transition from unemployment to part-time work also experience decreases in real hourly wages, private health-care coverage, and occupational skill level. These results provide motivation for considering non-wage aspects of job quality when studying re-employment from joblessness.Applied Mathematics
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Scarbrough, Connie McClung. "Perceptions of benefits/problems of part-time employment on the job performance of secondary teachers of agricultural education." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1944.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 76 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-53).
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Nutty, Ben. "An empirical investigation of the relationship between part-time employment and third level student stress." Thesis, Ulster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425237.
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Carter, Caitriona A. "Economic and social dynamics of part-time employment law as policy within the European Community." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21133.
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This thesis explores the regulation of part-time employment, within a European Community (EC) context, examining law as an instrument of policy. The domestic policies of two Member States, the UK and France, are analysed as examples of alternative approaches to part-time employment. Conclusions drawn from such different national policies are re-explored at EC level, as is EC Part-Time Employment Policy itself, with the intention of explaining a weakened political interest in the regulation of part-time employment at EC level. The thesis adopts a distinct theoretical position to explore the complex interweaving of economic and social factors at two levels - firstly, at the level of theoretical conceptions of labour market functioning and part-time employment and secondly, at the level of national and EC law as policy. This position is reached by drawing together the findings made by the advanced form of Labour Market Segmentation theory, which points to a consequentialist understanding of labour market functioning. The focus is on two legal options of part-time employment policy - the application of Sex Equality Law and the application of the Principle of Non-Discrimination between Full- and Part-Time Workers. I analyse these routes from a consequentialist stance, taking issue with the causalist approach to both regulation and policy analysis. I find that, irrespective of whether a policy has an economic or social goal, it relies on a certain conceptualisation of labour market functioning. I argue that, at present, national and EC Social Policies fail to follow the consequentialist recognition of market functioning and that EC Social Policy is in addition dominated by the economic and social dynamics of internal market functioning.
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Baxter, Jennifer Anne, and Jennifer Baxter@aifs gov au. "The Employment of Partnered Mothers in Australia, 1981 to 2001." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070716.112159.
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The employment rate of young partnered women and partnered mothers increased considerably over the 1980s, while there was less change in the 1990s. This thesis explores these changes, with a focus on partnered mothers with young children. The objectives are to describe what the changes in female employment were, and to analyse why they might have occurred.
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The analyses were primarily quantitative, although they were put into context with extensive reviews of Australian and, where relevant, international literature. The primary source of data was Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census data. Other data used included those from the ABS Child Care Surveys, Negotiating the Life Course Survey and the National Social Science Survey.
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Many changes in maternal employment were identified. The most notable change was the increase in the number and proportion of partnered mothers working part- time hours. Job characteristics also changed, with these women in full-time or part- time jobs more likely to be working in higher skilled professional and para- professional jobs in 2001, compared to 1981. For partnered mothers with a child aged less than one, the proportion working increased, but there was also evidence that more women were making use of maternity leave.
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Coinciding with these changes were a number of compositional changes, as women of succeeding birth cohorts were more educated, and more likely to delay marriage and childbearing. Attitudinal change was also evident, as people became more accepting of working wives. Attitudes to working mothers with young children changed less, with a strong preference for mothers to be at home when their children were young. Also over this period, there were many changes in infrastructure, policy and the labour market generally that had impacts on female employment opportunities and conditions. These changes are explored in detail, and their relationship to employment change examined.
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Because there were so many changes in these factors occurring over this period, the exact causes of employment change were difficult to identify. Also, an analysis of employment change is complicated because the causality of certain effects does not run in only one direction there are more complex links between education, childbearing and employment that should be accounted for in explaining changes over time. Similarly, changes in supply of labour are difficult to disentangle from changes in demand for labour.
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Compositional changes were certainly important in explaining the growth in the proportion working, especially for younger women. These women were not only more highly educated in 2001, they were less likely to have children. For working mothers, the effect of increased education levels could be seen in the greater numbers working in higher status occupations.
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The analyses of infrastructure and policy change, particularly that of changes in income support and child care provision which were covered in some detail, did suggest that certain aspects of these broader changes were associated with changes in employment, at least for some sections of the population. Income support changes may have enabled more mothers, particularly those in low-income households, to stay at home with young children. This might be part of the reason for the slower growth in female employment in the 1990s, as payments to single-income families increased.
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The increased availability of formal child care was likely to have enabled more mothers to work, although the use of informal care, and parental-care only also grew over the 1980s and 1990s. The cost of care continues to be prohibitive for some families.
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Increases in part-time work continued even when the overall rate of employment slowed down. Changes in industrial relations, through award restructuring and the introduction of enterprise bargaining, were associated with an increased availability of part-time jobs. This sustained use of part-time work was congruent with the employment preferences of working mothers with young children. Also, the evidence presented shows that part-time work has grown in higher status as well as lower status jobs.
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Overall, while it was not possible to identify the exact causes of employment change, the compositional (education and childbearing changes in particular), attitudinal and broader infrastructure/policy changes were no doubt related.
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CHEUNG, Fung Yi Millissa. "The influence of work status on the work outcomes among part-time workers in the service industries of Hong Kong." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2001. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/19.
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This research examined the influence of work status on attitudes and work outcomes. The two attitudes of perception of psychological contract violations, (violation of employment promise by employers) and fairness perception (fair treatment at work) were studied. This research examined the relationship between attitudes and work outcomes (organizational commitment, e.g. loyalty; organizational citizenship behavior, voluntary action done by employees for the sake of organizations and turnover intention). Individuals with family responsibility are attracted to work part-time voluntarily. Corporate downsizing has often forced individuals to go into part-time work involuntarily. Voluntary and involuntary work status had moderating effects on attitudes and work outcomes. The people that part-time workers chose to be compared with when they evaluate their fairness situation were also examined.
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Respondents were asked about their perceptions towards their employment relationship with employers in the questionnaires. Part-time workers focus groups and supervisors interviews were used to supplement the quantitative methods by suggesting reasons to explain the part-time work issues, for example, on the compared referent selections.
The findings showed that work status had a high moderating effect on the relationship between perceptions of psychological contract violations and voluntary actions and such interactions were much stronger on voluntary than on involuntary part-time workers. Work status also showed a high moderating effect on the relationship between fairness perception, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior, and such interactions were much stronger in involuntary than voluntary workers. Unexpectedly, work status did not have a moderating influence on the relationship between perception of psychological contract violations, organizational commitment, and turnover intention of involuntary part-time workers. Furthermore, work status showed a moderating influence on fairness perception, and turnover intention, and such a negative relationship was much stronger in voluntary than involuntary workers.
It was also found that the compared referents of voluntary part-time workers were part-time workers working inside and outside organizations. The compared referents of involuntary part-time workers were full-time workers working outside the organizations and their past work experiences.
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Buffaloe, Laura Walton. "An analysis of the North Carolina community college system policies and practices for part-time faculty." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40228.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of the employment policies and practices for part-time faculty that are offered by community colleges. Along with determining these policies and practices, the study endeavored to determine if there were any differences in the importance as indicated by two groups of employees.
This study gathered usable data from 400 (69.4%) respondents classified as deans of administration and part-time faculty. These respondents were random from part-time faculty and all of the population for deans.
Significant differences in views on policies and practices were found between deans of administration and part-time faculty at the .05 level in the evaluation and staff development, employee compensation, and institutional support factors. The broad group of institutional governance was the only factor that was not significant. All 35 policies and practices selected through factor analysis to represent the 60 policies and practices included on the instrument in this study were found to be policies and practices that employees viewed as important. Overall, the policies and practices were rated higher by part-time faculty than by administration. It was also found that both groups of employees believed that opportunities for staff development should be provided for part-t~e faculty by community colleges.Ed. D.
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Sproull, Alan Cummings. "The growth of part-time employment in the service sector : employer rationales and trade union implications." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358790.
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Mahoney, Kimberly Lynne. "The employee sportsphere an investigation of the work experience for the paid, part-time event staff at public assembly facilities /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150134211.
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Kemp, Joan. "The attachment to nursing of Hull graduate nurses with a history of part-time and intermittent employment." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395511.
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Greiner, Ann Claire. "The nursing shortage and its relationship to part time and temporary employment growth : how should unions respond?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74340.
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Nyman, Natalie, and Wicktorin Sofia Zetterkvist. "Var kommer drivkraften ifrån? : En kvalitativ studie om hur arbetsmotivation grundar sig hos konsulter." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40972.
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Background: Motivation creates meaning in both big and small things. Previous studies have shown that the field of motivation is important as it affects the skills individuals develop, which jobs and careers individuals take on and also how individuals allocate resources such as attention, effort and time. Motivation is essential for both individual well-being and organizational success. In an increasingly globalized world, companies can become more competitive by hiring consultants and reports have shown that the consulting sector is expanding. Purpose and issue: The purpose with this study is to examine how work motivation is founded in consultants and also if there are any factors that differs between full time employed and part time employed consultants. Method: This study is a qualitative case study. Eight semi structured interviews, where the respondents have been answering questions related to work motivation, have been made. The collected empirical data has then been analyzed using a theory synthesis and previous research. Conclusion: The result in this case study has shown that fellowship and relationships, own growth, responsibility, rewards and goals are important elements in motivation. It is, however, a bit problematic to make a general conclusion out of these results because they contain different perceptions, reasonings and opinions among the respondents.
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Kelly, Stephen. "The casualty of permanent employment : an examination of the precarious nature of part-time permanent employment in the retail sector in Adelaide, South Australia /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09LR/09lrk29.pdf.
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Fryxå, Cecilia, and Mimmi Högman. "Ung på arbetsmarknaden : En kvalitativ studie om hur otrygga anställningsformer påverkar individen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Sociologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34285.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka huruvida och på vilket sätt unga individer med behovs- och deltidsanställning upplever att deras anställningsform påverkar deras hälsa, livssituation och vardagsliv. I uppsatsen beskrivs behovs- och deltidsanställningar som otrygga då de i många fall innebär ett oförutsägbart schema och en oförutsägbar inkomst. Studien är kvalitativ och bygger på fem intervjuer med unga individer mellan 20–30 år som alla har, eller under de senaste sex månaderna har haft, en behovs- eller deltidsanställning som huvudsaklig sysselsättning. Det insamlade datamaterialet analyseras med hjälp av fyra sociologiska teorier, dessa är flexibilitet på arbetsmarknaden, krav- och kontrollmodellen, ekonomi-skam och ekonomi-sociala band modellen samt psykologiska kontrakt. De slutsatser som dras är att en otrygg anställningsform leder till psykiska påfrestningar hos de anställda, som i stor utsträckning upplever stress och oro inför framtiden. Konsekvenserna grundas till stor del i en ostabil och oförutsägbar ekonomi. Av resultatet framgår även att de sociala relationerna med både chef och kollegor spelar stor roll för upplevelsen av den otrygga anställningsformen. Om arbetstagaren har en god relation med chef och kollegor upplever denne i större utsträckning anställningsformen och dess medföljande villkor som bättre.The purpose of this essay is to gain further knowledge of how young adults with temporary and part time employment experience the consequences of their employment regarding health, life situation and everyday life. In this study temporary and part time employment is described as insecure employment because of their often unpredictable schedule and income. The study is built on five qualitative interviews with young adults between the age of 20–30 years old. They all have, or within the last six months have had, a part time or temporary employment as their main occupation. The result is analysed with the help of four sociological theories. These include flexibility on the labour market, the demand and control model, the economy-shame and economy- social bonds model and the theory of psychological contracts. The conclusions made are that an insecure employment leads to psychological tension. The individual tends to experience a lot of stress and worries for the future because of increased psychological tension. These are consequences that are based on an unpredictable and unstable personal economy. The result also shows that the experience of an insecure employment can depend on the individual's relationship with manager and co-workers. If the individual has a good relationship with manager and co-workers, it is more likely to experience the form of employment and its accompanying terms as better.
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Warren, Lawrence F. "Essays in macroeconomics and labor markets." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2166.
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This dissertation contributes to the current understanding of labor markets, focusing on the use of micro level data and computational modeling to study the interaction of unemployment with various aspects of the macroeconomy. I address the fact that frictions in the labor market carry over into other dimensions of firms' and workers' decisions, such as a firm's incentive to utilize its current labor force, workers' participation in the labor market, and the decision to acquire or discharge debt.
In Chapter 1, I study involuntary part-time employment over the business cycle. I document that the population at work part-time for economic reasons ($PTE$) is countercyclical, volatile, and transitory. Workers in $PTE$ are nearly three times more likely than the unemployed to return to full-time work in a given month, and seven times more likely than full-time workers to become unemployed. Using household survey data, I demonstrate that cyclical fluctuations in $PTE$ come from changes in the transition rates between full-time and part-time employment rather than between part-time and unemployment. Moreover, these movements are primarily due to within-job changes in hours. Accordingly, I model part-time work focusing on a firm's decision to hire, fire, or partially utilize its labor force. Firms in the model are heterogeneous in size and productivity, and are subject to search frictions. The model produces firm-level utilization of part-time employment which is consistent with observed worker flows, and varies across the size and age distributions of firms. Over the business cycle, the model matches the observed relative volatility of unemployment and $PTE$. Part-time labor utilization by firms increases the volatility of vacancies and unemployment in the model relative to the case with only an extensive margin.
Chapter 2 studies the interaction of a participation margin in a labor market search model. Introducing a participation margin of whether or not to actively search for a job requires the use of large idiosyncratic shocks to workers' participation incentives in order to match monthly labor flows in the data. If we measure the participation transitions of workers outside of employment where search decisions are observable and apply this same transition process to employed workers, any search model will overstate the transition of workers out of employment to nonparticipation. Allowing the participation transition of workers to depend on their employment state fixes these flows, but this transition process is unobservable for employed workers. Taking advantage of the longer panel of the 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participants, I estimate the markov process for participation transitions of employed workers using their observed search behavior before and after an employment spell. The difference in the transition process measured for employed and nonemployed workers is consistent with an interpretation of attachment to the labor force. I build a directed search model with a labor force participation margin subject to employment-dependent shocks and show that it can match the labor market flows in US data.
Chapter 3, which is jointly authored with Chander S. Kochar, investigates the effects of student loans on labor market outcomes. The student loan market is the second largest source of household debt in the United States, with $1.2 trillion in outstanding debt. Unlike other sources of unsecured credit, student loans cannot be discharged in bankruptcy. Using data on college graduates from the 1993/03 Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study, we first identify that student loan debt has a significant negative effect on students' earnings after graduation. We show that the inability to discharge debt in bankruptcy is critical to produce this result within a simple search theoretic framework. We propose a richer model with student loan debt and a delinquency/default decision to study the effects of recent changes to student loan policies on the labor market and delinquency outcomes of college graduates.
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Fawcett, Lillian M. "School's out: Adolescent 'leisure time' activities, influences and consequences." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/31.
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The current study investigated the out-of-school activities in which adolescents participate categorised in terms of structure, type (creative, physical, passive) and level of interaction (individual, group), the developmental, psychological and social consequences of such involvement, and the factors influencing participation. Questionnaires completed by 1280, 12 to 17 year old Western Australian metropolitan, high-school students provided information on adolescents' out-of-school time use, their perceptions of parental values and behaviours, friends' behaviours and relationships and their own behaviours and beliefs. A model, based on the research literature, indicated that parent support and intrinsic motivation were the two factors contributing most to adolescent participation in structured `leisure' activities. There was some support for the hypothesis that involvement in structured `leisure' activities would be associated with higher levels of self-worth and life satisfaction, less boredom and less frequent engagement in risk behaviours. However, it was found that parent strictness and connectedness (as perceived by the adolescents) were the largest contributors to these outcomes. The findings provided support for the `positive psychology movement' and suggest that the majority of this group of adolescents are living effectively in the demanding and changing environment of today's society.
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Hanaeus, Amanda, Jelena Filipovic, and Meagan Jonsson. "International Students Integration Into the City : A Case Study of Jönköping International Business School." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18975.
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The prevalence of internationalization in universities today is affecting the cities in which they are located. As the integration of international students adds to the ambiance and culture of a city, the authors argue that mutual participation of universities and communities will influence the development of a city. The aim of this thesis is therefore to explore the collaborations between the two, using Jönköping’s International Business School (JIBS) as a case study. In focusing our attention on international students and their part-time employment, we wish to gain a better understanding of the potential effects a university may have in enhancing a city. Research was conducted in an effort to obtain diverse views and uncover underlying themes that may exist between different stakeholders. Respondents from the following organizations were interviewed to clarify the different perceptions: The University Service’s Career Center, International and Recruitment Offices at JIBS, and Jönköping Municipality. It was found that networking between JIBS and Jönköping exists, but that the relationship appears to be complex as each party has different dimensions to consider, making true collaboration difficult. However, communication and cooperation could be useful in steering the direction of city development. The presence of international students is seen as influencing the culture, knowledge, and image of the city, but a true integration of these students is lacking. A further contribution through the inclusion of international students in part-time employment is believed to be beneficial to both the city and students, but barriers such as language make this a difficult task. An alliance between JIBS and Jönköping is therefore encouraged, as their combined efforts are crucial in solving these types of issues. We claim that the integration of international students through the creation of part-time jobs or internships demonstrates one way JIBS contributes to the city. The prevalence of internationalization in universities today is affecting the cities in which they are located. As the integration of international students adds to the ambiance and culture of a city, the authors argue that mutual participation of universities and communities will influence the development of a city. The aim of this thesis is therefore to explore the collaborations between the two, using Jönköping’s International Business School (JIBS) as a case study. In focusing our attention on international students and their part-time employment, we wish to gain a better understanding of the potential effects a university may have in enhancing a city. Research was conducted in an effort to obtain diverse views and uncover underlying themes that may exist between different stakeholders. Respondents from the following organizations were interviewed to clarify the different perceptions: The University Service’s Career Center, International and Recruitment Offices at JIBS, and Jönköping Municipality. It was found that networking between JIBS and Jönköping exists, but that the relationship appears to be complex as each party has different dimensions to consider, making true collaboration difficult. However, communication and cooperation could be useful in steering the direction of city development. The presence of international students is seen as influencing the culture, knowledge, and image of the city, but a true integration of these students is lacking. A further contribution through the inclusion of international students in part-time employment is believed to be beneficial to both the city and students, but barriers such as language make this a difficult task. An alliance between JIBS and Jönköping is therefore encouraged, as their combined efforts are crucial in solving these types of issues. We claim that the integration of international students through the creation of part-time jobs or internships demonstrates one way JIBS contributes to the city.
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IBANEZ, GARZARAN Zyab Luis. "Access to non-vulnerable part-time employment in the Netherlands, Spain and the UK, with special reference to the school and local government sectors." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12002.
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Defence date: 14 December 2007Examining board: Professor Colin Crouch, University of Warwick (EUI Supervisor); Professor Ramón Ramos Torre, Universidad Complutense; Professor Martin Rhodes, University of Denver; Professor Jelle Visser, Universiteit van Amsterdam
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
A large part of the literature on part-time employment stresses that this form of employment contract is the result of employers’ strategies and female employees who need to reconcile work and family life. However, the growth in the number of employees sharing employment and other paid or unpaid interests expands the range and significance of working-time issues. This dissertation claims that where regulation and implementation of working-time transitions are favourable to part-time employment, part-time is likely to expand to more diverse categories of workers than those for whom it was originally intended ( i.e. mothers with caring responsibilities). The research follows a case-oriented comparative approach that draws on documentary information and a total of 48 in-depth interviews with actors’ representatives at three levels: national, sector (education and local government) and organizational, in the UK, the Netherlands and Spain. Initiated in different moments in time, the regulation of working-time transitions appears to follow a similar staged path in the three countries, although the wider institutional context affecting part-time and the active support of main actors varies for each country, especially at the organizational level. In the Dutch case, part-time regulation started off as a mechanism to enable the employment of women with caring responsibilities and, from there, it evolved towards a wider understanding of workingtime flexibility, extending the right to work part-time to other categories of employees. Given the pioneering role of the Netherlands in this area, it could be argued that both the UK and Spain have been following the Dutch example although with different degrees of success. In the Netherlands, after two decades of active support to part-time, there is still a big gender gap among part-timers, and in many sectors and occupations employees face difficulties to change their working hours; still, the general trend seems to be that access to part-time is becoming easier at more sector and occupational levels, in a context where organizations, already facing short full-time working weeks and high percentages of part-time, have been learning to decouple business hours from the different duration of the employees’ shifts. The need to design clear-cut coordination mechanisms that guarantee the steadiness of the service and the 'standardisation' of handing-over procedures, have helped to accept a variety of working-time arrangements. This capacity to dissociate organisations’ operative time from employees’ working hours is also present in British and Spanish 24-hour services, what has favoured exceptional good part-time jobs. However, the political efforts to promote part-time in Spain and the UK are confronted with serious obstacles, their segmented labour forces among them. The long-hours culture in both Spain and the UK, together with the high proportion of temporary contracts in the Spanish case, are the most visible signs of the structural difficulties these two countries face to achieve working-time flexi-curity. In the three countries, there are no clear links between long hours and productivity levels, and the processess that lead to more transparent assessments of work performance seem to facilitate working-time flexibility beyond standard full-time employment contracts. Certainly, different commitments and compromises need to be achieved between conflicting demands and interests about how employees use their own time, but this thesis argues that part-time may help to soften the conflicts between the specialization and hierarchy requirements of the social division of labour and individuals’ time-use autonomy.
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Kinchen, Nancy. "An Examination of Faculty Satisfaction at Two-Year Higher Education Institutions." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1271.
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Part-time faculty members represent the majority of faculty at public two-year postsecondary institutions. Utilizing part-time faculty enables two-year institutions to control their instructional costs and maintain scheduling flexibility. However, part-time faculty are diverse in regards to their employment preference, some prefer part-time employment while others would prefer a full-time position. Since retaining and attracting qualified and experienced part-time faculty members is essential, it is imperative that their satisfaction be understood. This study uses the 2004 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF: 04) to study faculty satisfaction. Faculty was disaggregated according to employment preference into full-time, involuntary part-time, and voluntary part-time in order to study the structure of satisfaction for each group and the factors that influence the satisfaction for each group. The factors studied were perception of equity, partial inclusion, demographic differences and academic discipline. I found that the structure of faculty satisfaction and the influence of variables on faculty satisfaction differ among full-time, involuntary part-time, and voluntary part-time faculty.
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Wallace, John. "An examination of the influence of labour demand on the growth of part-time employment in Great Britain, 1951-1984." Thesis, University of Bath, 1985. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353695.
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Since 1951 the creation of approximately 4 million part-time jobs has been the only source of employment growth in Great Britain. Part-time employment, defined as regular work for not more than 30 hours per week, is concentrated amongst married women, in low-paid occupations and in service sector industries. This thesis examines the influence of employers' demands for labour on the growth of part-time employment, which has been hitherto investigated almost exclusively in the context of economic and social aspects of female labour supply. The increasing utilisation of part-time labour has been responsible for raising the rate of female labour force participation above a level which had remained unchanged since the mid-nineteenth century, and has more than offset the loss of 1 3/4 million jobs in manufacturing, agriculture and mining during the last thirty years. Part-time employment has therefore been instrumental in the transfer of labour resources necessary to the process of restructuring an economy in the advanced stages of industrial development. The research involved comprehensive analyses of the macro employment statistics pertaining to the British economy since 1881, and in-depth empirical research undertaken over the past five years, into the utilisation of full-time and part-time labour at organisational and establishment level in manufacturing and service industries. Workers entering part-time employment have for the most part been recruited by extending the supply of female labour. Expansion of the service sector has not provided sufficient suitable employment for those displaced from declining industries in the primary and secondary sectors of the economy, as part-time jobs offer neither the occupations, hours of work nor the earnings associated with the established structures of employment in these industries. Even the most optimistic forecasts of economic growth do not anticipate a return to previous levels of full-time employment. Future employment policies must be based on cognisance of the fundamental changes which have taken place in the patterns of employers' labour requirements in the more labour-intensive service industries.
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Carré, Françoise J. "Temporary, short-term and part-time employment in French banks and insurance companies in the 1980's : an institutionalist approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64875.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 305-312).
by Françoise Jacqueline Carré.
Ph.D.
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Ang, Tania. "Balancing work and life among students a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business (MBus), June 2008." Abstract Full dissertation, 2008.
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Ryan, Fiona. "The part-time employment relationship : an investigation of its capabilities to meet the needs, wants and expectations of employees and employers." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285612.
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Lariau, Bolentini Ana Isabel. "Essays in Macro-Labor:." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107374.
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Thesis advisor: Sanjay K. ChughThesis advisor: Fabio Schiantarelli
My doctoral research focuses on the role of labor market frictions in shaping macroeconomic outcomes. I am currently pursuing three main lines of research that constitute the three chapters of this dissertation. The first chapter focuses on involuntary part-time employment as an additional margin used by firms to adjust to business cycle fluctuations. The chapter documents empirical regularities of involuntary part-time employment in the U.S. and furnishes a tractable analytical framework for studying this phenomenon that has gained so much attention in the years that followed the Great Recession. In the second chapter, which is joint work with Sanjay Chugh, Ryan Chahrour and Alan Finkelstein-Shapiro, we study the labor market wedge in the context of a search and matching model to understand how static and dynamic inefficiencies change over the business cycle. Measuring the labor market wedge and understanding its sources of movement is of great importance from a macroeconomic point of view, as existing research shows it holds a prominent place in explaining fluctuations in aggregate output. Finally, in the third chapter I study empirically the determinants of the job finding probability, a key object in the context of frictional labor markets. More specifically, I analyze how decisions on time allocation by the unemployed affect their chances of finding a job, and identify the activities that make more likely for an unemployed individual to receive and accept a job offer. Chapter 1. In recent years researchers and policymakers have shown renewed interest in involuntary part-time employment as a crucial indicator of labor market health. The fact that individuals have part-time jobs even though they would be willing to work more hours is evidence that resources in the economy are not employed at full capacity. This group represents almost 40 percent of total underemployment. Despite its large size and importance to policy-makers, surprisingly little literature addresses the empirical regularities or economic role this margin plays in determining labor market outcomes. In "Underemployment and the Business Cycle" I address several questions regarding involuntary part-time employment. First, how does involuntary part-time employment differ from the standard extensive and intensive margins? Second, what factors influence the choice of firms to use involuntary part-time workers? Third, how might economic policy contribute to the existence of involuntary part-time employment in the economy? And, fourth, have there been any changes over time in the response of involuntary part-time employment to changes in aggregate economic conditions and, if so, what explains them? To describe the empirical regularities of involuntary part-time employment, I use detailed micro-level data from longitudinally-linked monthly files of the Current Population Survey. A novel finding that emerges from the analysis of this dataset is that wages of involuntary part-time workers display higher volatility and lower persistence than those of their full-time counterparts, thus indicating a higher degree of flexibility. In addition, I find that changes in involuntary part-time employment are mostly explained by reallocation of workers from full-time to part-time positions within the firm, which involves more than just a mere reduction in hours worked. I then aggregate the data and compute business cycle statistics. Surprisingly, I find that the behavior of involuntary part-time employment resembles the behavior of unemployment more than the one of full-time employment. In fact, the results indicate that involuntary part-time employment is very volatile and strongly countercyclical. To understand the evidence I find at the micro and macro levels, I build an augmented search and matching model of the labor market featuring full-time and part-time employment, and a production function that combines both types of workers. The decision of whether a worker is full-time or part-time is made entirely by the firm, depending on the realizations of both aggregate and idiosyncratic productivity processes. The model is able to deliver the countercyclicality of involuntary part-time employment found in the data. The key mechanism to obtain this result is the relatively higher flexibility of part-time contracts that makes it more profitable for the firm to reallocate workers from full-time to part-time arrangements during recessions. Based on the model that captures key empirical facts, I conduct policy analysis to evaluate the effect of an increase in the cost of health insurance on involuntary part-time employment. The policy experiment predicts that an increase in the cost of health insurance provided by the firm to its full-time workers, such that their share in average full-time wages goes up by 1 percentage point, leads to an increase of steady state involuntary part-time employment by 10 percent, which nowadays would be equivalent to half a million additional involuntary part-time workers. I find evidence that involuntary part-time employment has become more volatile and persistent in the last 25 years. I study the impact that innovation in workforce management practices, a process that started in the 1990s and that has increased the degree of substitutability between full-time and part-time workers, may have had in changing the response over time of involuntary part-time employment to business cycle fluctuations. Impulse response analysis from the model indicates that an increase in the degree of substitutability makes involuntary part-time employment more sensitive to aggregate productivity shocks. Chapter 2. In "The Labor Wedge: A Search and Matching Perspective" we define and quantify static and dynamic labor market wedges in a search and matching model with endogenous labor force participation. Existing literature has generally centered on Walrasian labor markets in characterizing the inefficiencies, or ``gaps'', between labor demand and labor supply. However, given the conventional view in the profession that the matching process plays an important role in the labor market, the neoclassically-measured labor wedge suffers from a misspecification problem as it ignores the role of long-lasting relationships in explaining the cyclical pattern of the labor wedge. To construct the wedge we use a rigorously defined transformation function of the economy, which contains both the matching technology and the neoclassical production technology. Both technologies are primitives of the economy in the sense that a Social Planner must respect both processes. Given the model-appropriate transformation frontier and the household's static and dynamic marginal rates of substitution, we use data on the labor force participation rate, the employment rate, the vacancy rate, real consumption, real government spending, and real GDP to construct static and dynamic labor wedges. We find that, in a version of the model where all employment relationships turn over every period, the static labor wedge is countercyclical, a result that is consistent with existing literature. Once we consider long-lasting employment relationships, we can measure both static and dynamic wedges separately. We then find that, while the static wedge continues to be countercyclical, the dynamic (or intertemporal) wedge is procyclical. Since the latter is associated with the vacancy-posting decision of the firm, this result suggests that understanding the behavior of labor demand may be crucial to explaining the dynamic wedge. Our focus so far has been on obtaining a quantitative measure of both the static and dynamic wedges, and on analyzing their business cycle properties. Now we are working on extending this framework to provide a micro-founded explanation of the forces that could be driving the cyclical movements of the wedges. Chapter 3. Recent research has found that individuals who become unemployed allocate most of their forgone working hours into leisure rather than increasing the time devoted to job search activities. What is the rationale behind this decision? There are many factors that may affect the job search behavior of the unemployed. However, in this study I focus on a particular channel: the decision on how unemployed individuals allocate their time could be biased towards activities that increase their probability of finding a job. They might find more valuable to increase their social activities rather than looking formally for a job because this enhances their network, which could increase their chances of finding a job, even with less search effort. In "The Time Use Decisions of the Unemployed: A Survival Analysis", I conduct a duration analysis to estimate the effect of different time use allocations on the unemployment hazard rate using time use data from the Survey of Unemployed Workers in New Jersey. Defining "finding a job" as a failure, I estimate a single-spell, discrete-time duration model of unemployment with time-varying covariates using semi-parametric techniques. Given that I work with interval-censored data, I conduct the analysis using discrete time survival analysis techniques. The results indicate that education/training activities have a significant and positive impact on the hazard rate, i.e. they increase the probability that an unemployed worker finds a job, while leisure has the opposite effect. Furthermore, neither job-search nor networking have a significant effect on the hazard rate in the baseline specification. However, this result changes when incorporating into the regression interaction terms of these variables with a dummy that takes the value one if the individual is a long-term unemployed and zero otherwise. In this case, the coefficient associated with networking becomes positive and significant, while the coefficient of the interaction term is negative. This implies that networking has a positive effect on the hazard rate for short unemployment spells, but this effect weakens if the individual has been unemployed for a longer period. On the other hand, even after incorporating the interaction term, job search remains insignificant. These findings shed light on why individuals may not want to devote additional time to formal job search: it does not pay off with a higher likelihood of receiving a job offer, regardless of the length of the unemployment spell. On the other hand, other activities, such as investing in education or networking, are positively related to the probability of finding a job -- at least for short unemployment spells -- and thus it makes more sense for these individuals to devote more time to them
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Collins, Mavis Evelyn. "Aspects of the relationship between part-time maternal employment, infant socio-emotional development in the second year of life, and maternal satisfaction." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006542/.
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Byrne-Sutton, Pascale. "Le contrat de travail à temps partiel /." Zürich : Schulthess Juristische Medien, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/338249656.pdf.
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Mathe, Muziwakhe. "Using fixed-term contracts of employment subsequent to the introduction of section 198 in the labour relations act 66 of 1995: A study of the technical and vocational education and training sector in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8141.
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Magister Legum - LLMThis study is encouraged by the fact that the field of labour law has drastically changed after enactment of amendments in various labour legislation such as Employment Equity Act, Basic Conditions of Employment Act and Labour Relations Act during 2013 and 2014. These changes have compelled employers to review their policies in line with the amendments of these Acts. This study will however focus on the impact of the newly introduced section 198 to the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995. The study will specifically focus on the continued use of fixed-term contracts of employment within the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Sector of South Africa.
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Holladay, Hayley Maria. "Mothers' Work-to-Family Conflict and Children's Academic Achievement: Do School Involvement and Work Status Matter?" BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3930.
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Structural equation modeling was used to explore associations between maternal work-to-family conflict, maternal involvement in schooling, and academic outcomes in early adolescents. Among a subsample of 725 fifth graders (and their employed mothers and teachers) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD SECCYD), multigroup analyses were used to explore differences in this relationship between groups with mothers working part-time versus full-time. Results revealed that among part-time employed mothers maternal involvement in school fully mediated the relationship between maternal work-to-family conflict and fifth graders' academic achievement. For full-time employed mothers, maternal work-to-family conflict was not related to maternal involvement in school or academic outcomes. These findings suggest that mothers' involvement in school may be an important way in which negative outcomes of work-to-family conflict may be minimized. Prior research has not investigated the associations between work-to-family conflict and child outcomes. The present study suggests a need to further understand how aspects of the work-family interface relate to children. Further, results suggest a need to better understand the differences in the work-family interface between families where mothers are employed part-time versus full-time.
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Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia. "Alternative employment and well-being : Contract heterogeneity and differences among individuals." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8030.
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Mohlakoana, Refiloe Moratuoa Cynthia. "Learning for the future, earning for now : students' experiences of the work-study programme at the University of the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5283.
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Magister Educationis - MEdThis study does an in-depth exploration of how students experience full-time study and part-time employment, focusing on participants in the work-study programme of the University of the Western Cape. By means of the work-study programme, the university provides on-campus term-work opportunities for students in teaching, research, administration and other support services. In particular this study looks at: the reasons why students partake in the work-study programme and the benefits they gain; the type of work that students do; how demanding the work is; the number of hours they work; and the way this impacts on students' experience of higher education. It further looks at the kinds of challenges students face while participating in the work-study programme and the strategies that they use in order to balance working and studying. Student employment is not a new phenomenon but there is limited knowledge available on the students' experiences of campus employment. According to Metcalf (2003:316), research into part-time work of full-time students is important because of the "potential impact [of term-work] on the nature and effectiveness of higher education and equality of provision of higher education". Existing research shows that students who take part in part-time work are as diverse as the situations that compel them to work and study. It further highlights that students of all genders, ages and class have been observed as taking part in part-time work while pursuing full-time studies. Moreover, there are diverse reasons why students take part in term-work: to pay tuition fees and for their subsistence; to maintain their lifestyle; or to gain work experience. The literature also shows that students experience various challenges because of term-work, mainly due to their multiple time commitments. The effect is that working students may find it difficult to meet academic demands and succeed at the same level as non-working students. As a way of studying student experiences on the UWC work-study programme, this study will use quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection by means of a two-stage methodology. The first stage will involve an electronic survey that will provide baseline data on the students in the programme. This stage lays the ground for the second, qualitative stage of the methodology where the researcher will conduct in-depth interviews with some students involved in the programme. The findings show that students’ reasons for participating in the work-study programme are not necessarily about addressing their financial needs, but also about gaining work experience which puts them a step ahead of their peers. Students from the work-study programme worked varying hours. The number of hours was influenced by students’ classes, and also by the number of hours they were allowed to work, as the work timetable is designed around their academic work. The challenges that students experienced were both positive and negative, depending on their personal situation. Furthermore, the students reported many ways of coping and balancing working, studying and maintaining a social life. In terms of benefits, students indicated that they thought that both the students and the university were benefiting from the work-study programme. After the data was collected, analysed and discussed, a student experience typology in relation to the students on the programme was created. The empirical findings in this study provide a new understanding concerning students who are employed on campus. The study found that students, depending on various variables, were finding ways to manage academic demands, social lives and working part-time on campus. Taken together, the findings suggest an added role for work-study programmes in enhancing students’ university experience As a way of studying student experiences on the UWC work-study programme, this study will use quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection by means of a two-stage methodology. The first stage will involve an electronic survey that will provide baseline data on the students in the programme. This stage lays the ground for the second, qualitative stage of the methodology where the researcher will conduct in-depth interviews with some students involved in the programme. The findings show that students’ reasons for participating in the work-study programme are not necessarily about addressing their financial needs, but also about gaining work experience which puts them a step ahead of their peers. Students from the work-study programme worked varying hours. The number of hours was influenced by students’ classes, and also by the number of hours they were allowed to work, as the work timetable is designed around their academic work. The challenges that students experienced were both positive and negative, depending on their personal situation. Furthermore, the students reported many ways of coping and balancing working, studying and maintaining a social life. In terms of benefits, students indicated that they thought that both the students and the university were benefiting from the work-study programme. After the data was collected, analysed and discussed, a student experience typology in relation to the students on the programme was created. The empirical findings in this study provide a new understanding concerning students who are employed on campus. The study found that students, depending on various variables, were finding ways to manage academic demands, social lives and working part-time on campus. Taken together, the findings suggest an added role for work-study programmes in enhancing students' university experience.
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Tomlinson, Jennifer Clare. "How are women's decisions about transitions in and out of part-time work affected by their work/life balance and changing policy and employment contexts?" Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396580.
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König, Stefanie Verfasser], and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ebbinghaus. "Labour Market Flexibility between Risk and Opportunity for Gender Equality Analyses of Self-employment, Part-time Work, and Job Autonomy / Stefanie König. Betreuer: Bernhard Ebbinghaus." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1099079144/34.
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Morgenroth, Nicolas [Verfasser]. "For whom is non-standard work precarious? : Heterogeneous effects of temporary and part-time employment on individual precarity risks and wage inequality in Germany / Nicolas Morgenroth." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223453235/34.
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