Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Part Inspection'
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Chen, Austin Hua-Ren. "Integrated Inspection for Precision Part Production." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14586.
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This research develops a methodology for enhancing the performance of a precision computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tool. The ability to precisely maintain the desired relative position between the cutting tool and the workpiece along the cutting trajectory has a major impact on the dimensional accuracy of the finished part. It is important to ensure that the workpiece geometry satisfies tolerances before removing it from the machine tool. Traditional manufacturing procedures do not catch bad parts until the post-process inspection stage, when the part has already been removed from the setup. Subsequent attempts at re-machining require that the workpiece be re-fixtured back on the machine which often introduces more error into the process.
The objective of this research is to develop a methodology that integrates pre-process calibration and process-intermittent gaging to enhance the ability of a two-axis vertical turning center to cut a circular arc. The developed methodology is straightforward and integrates the usage of commercially available instrumentation such as the ball bar and on-machine probe for error identification, prediction, and compensation.
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Baradi, Divyank. "Control strategies and inspection methods for welded part." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för maskin- och materialteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-16383.
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Present and future demonstrator designs were used to demonstrate the quality assurance of welds. The NDT methods tested on prototype demonstrator parts are: visual inspection, radius gauges, throat size gauge, liquid-penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing and ultrasonics with pulse echo and phased array. The other methods like eddy current, time of flight diffraction, radiography, impression test, macro test and infrared thermographs are currently being analyzed along with their inspection costs. The control plans for present and future designs with corresponding present and future NDT methods are suggested to minimize a shift in process. Magnetic particle testing revealed a lack of fusion and cracks for fillet welds, whereas ultrasonic pulse echo and phased array identified an internal lack of fusion, inner pores/slag inclusions on butt welds. Ultrasonic PAUT & TOFD could be used for accurate defect identification and thermography for online identification of lack of penetration, depth of penetration and weld parameters.Weight reduction by improved weld quality (WIQ)
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Ask, Eric A. (Eric Andrew). "Instrumentation of a sensor for small part inspection using laswer fluorescence." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37733.
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Davis, Tyler A. "Flexible machine tool control for direct, in-process dimensional part inspection /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd478.pdf.
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Davis, Tyler Addison. "Flexible machine tool control for direct, in-process dimensional part inspection." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/139.
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For some time now coordinate measuring machines have been an integral part of the shop floor. The goal has been to make coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) into tools that can easily be used by machinists to improve their manufacturing capabilities. The value of a CMM as a quality control tool is undisputed. Now efforts are being made to further reduce the time and cost of measurement by reducing the physical distance between machining and measuring processes. The ability to reduce that distance to zero and measure a part directly on the chip-making machine has been a goal for many years. Dimensional inspection of parts is primarily conducted by coordinate measuring machines operating on motion instructions from task planning software. The research in direct machining and control (DMAC) at BYU has identified a potential application of CMM technologies on existing machine tools. To prove that a machine tool can be controlled as a CMM with the DMAC controller, this research will integrate the software package PC-DMIS provided by Wilcox Associates, Inc. with a DMAC controller provided by Direct Controls, Inc. to conduct in-process dimensional inspection of parts as they are being machined. This process is referred to as DirectCMM because it will link the DMAC controller directly to PC-DMIS without need for post-processing. This thesis will lay the groundwork for future efforts at developing systems that utilize in-process part inspection to dynamically correct computer aided manufacturing (CAM) process plans. To aid future efforts at dynamic CAM process updating, a software interface specification will be created for passing measurement data between CMM and CAD/CAM software packages. A CMM control specification will also be created to provide a standard method for controlling coordinate measuring machines with the DMAC controller. Possible methods for dynamic CAD/CAM updating will be explored.
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Borwankar, Raunak. "Optical Non-Destructive Surface Inspection and Automatic Classification of Cast Iron Automotive Part." Digital WPI, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1229.
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Over the past decade, research into computer vision has proliferated with the goal to incorporate artificial intelligence into a wide range of applications. These applications can be as sophisticated as intelligent assistants in smartphones and self-driving cars or as mundane as text and face recognition. While most of these applications are software based, they represent unique challenges when it comes to industrial implementation. This thesis concentrates on an optical non-destructive testing (NDT) and automatic classification methodology using customized image processing techniques. In contrast to conventional spatial analyses, which are highly susceptible to noise and human perception, our proposed transform domain approach provides a high degree of robustness and flexibility in feature selection and hence a better classification efficiency. Our presented algorithm classifies the Part-Under-Test (PUT) into two bins of either acceptable or faulty using transform domain techniques in conjunction with a classifier. Because the classification is critically dependent on the features extracted from these images, a sophisticated scalable database was created. This thesis applies transform domain techniques such as Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Rotated Wavelet Transform (RWT) for feature extraction and then classifies the PUT based on those features. Although, this approach achieves promising classification efficiency, it does not meet industrial standards. It was concluded that in order to achieve those standards, the effect of emissivity fluctuations of the PUT should be negated. The research was then extended to apply an image acquisition algorithm in the form of shape from polarization. The approach exploits the partially linearly polarization of reflected light from the PUT surface. It was observed that this method could not only detect if the PUT is faulty or fault free, but also highlight the locations of the flaws.
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Carlson, Shane A. "Development of a Variational Part Model Using In-Process Dimensional Measurement Error." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1341.pdf.
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Rezaeimalek, Mohammad. "Planification des activités d’inspection sous incertitude basée sur les conditions de maintenance préventive d’un système de production série." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0007.
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La planification de l'inspection de la qualité des pièces (PQIP) est un problème important dans les systèmes de production. En raison du fort impact des activités de maintenance préventive (PM) sur le taux de non-conformité des produits (un des principaux paramètres du problème PQIP), il est nécessaire de développer une planification intégrée des activités l'inspection et les activités de maintenance afin d’obtenir une optimisation globale du système. Cette thèse présente des modèles mathématiques de programmation linéaire à nombres entiers mixtes pour le problème de planification intégrée du contrôle de la qualité et des activités de gestion de maintenance dans un système de production en série à plusieurs étapes. Les modèles déterminent simultanément le moment et l’endroit optimals pour effectuer les activités susmentionnées en prenant en compte la détérioration des étapes de production. Ces deux décisions sont effectuées via la minimisation du coût total (y compris la production, la maintenance, l'inspection, la mise au rebut, la réparation et la pénalité des articles défectueux expédiés au client) et ainsi elles optimisent la productivité du système. Dans ce cas, la productivité du système est formulée comme une mesure non linéaire, puis linéarisée par la technique d'approximation linéaire par morceaux. En plus, l’incertitude relative à l’estimation des composantes de coût et de la quantité demandée est gérée par une approche possibiliste robuste. Un exemple numérique et une étude de cas réelle sont étudiés pour valider et vérifier les modèles proposés. Le résultat le plus important de cette recherche est que la détermination des lieux d’inspection le long d’un processus de fabrication à différentes périodes avec la prise en compte d’impact des activités de maintenance préventive sur le taux de production défectueuses se traduit par une amélioration significative de la performance du système de productionPart Quality Inspection Planning (PQIP) is a significant problem in multi-stage manufacturing systems. Because of an existing strong impact of Preventive Maintenance (PM) activities on the defective production rate (which is the main input of the PQIP), developing an integrated planning for the part quality inspection and PM protects system from a local optimum. This thesis presents mixed-integer linear programming models for the integrated planning problem of the part quality inspection and PM activities in a serial multi-stage manufacturing system. The models concurrently determine the right time and place for performing the above-mentioned activities while the stages are deteriorating. These two decisions are made while the models are to minimize the total cost (including the production, PM, inspection, scrap, repair, and the penalty of shipped defective items) and maximize system productivity. Notably, the system productivity is formulized as a non-linear measure, and then it is linearized by the piecewise linear approximation technique. In addition, the uncertainty about the estimation of cost components and demand is handled by a robust possibilistic approach. A numerical example and a real case study are investigated to validate and verify the proposed models. The most important result of this research is that the determination of inspection locations along a manufacturing line in different periods of time regarding the impact of preventive maintenance activities on defective production probability results in a more efficient system
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Radvar-Esfahlan, Hassan. "Fixtureless geometric inspection of nonrigid parts using "generalized numerical inspection fixture"." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2014. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1294/1/RADVAR_ESFAHLAN_Hassan.pdf.
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Aujourd’hui les pièces mécaniques de forme libre et qui sont souples (non rigides) sont fréquentes dans les industries automobile et aéronautique. Ces pièces possèdent des formes significativement différentes à l'état libre que leurs formes nominales, telles que définies dans un modeleur numérique, en raison de leurs variations dimensionnelles et géométriques, l’effet de la gravité et les contraintes résiduelles induites par le procédé de fabrication. Pour l'inspection géométrique de ces pièces flexibles, des appareils d'inspection spécialisés tel que les gabarits de conformation, en combinaison avec les machines à mesure tridimensionnelle (MMT) et/ou des dispositifs d'acquisition de données optiques (scanners) sont utilisés. Ce qui se traduit immanquablement par des coûts et des délais additionnels qui se traduisent par une carence de compétitivité pour l’industrie.
L'objectif de cette thèse est de faciliter l'inspection dimensionnelle et géométrique des composants flexibles à partir d'un nuage de points sans l'aide d’un gabarit ou autre opération de conformation secondaire. Plus précisément, nous visons à développer une méthodologie pour localiser et quantifier les défauts de profil dans le cas des coques minces qui sont typiques pour les industries aéronautique et automobile.
La méthodologie présentée est basée sur le fait que la distance géodésique entre deux points d'une forme demeure invariante au cours d'une déformation isométrique (absence d’étirement, stretch). Cette étude développe donc la théorie générale, les méthodes et outils pour une métrologie des pièces non rigides en se basant sur l’hypothèse d’une déformation isométrique. Nous avons ainsi développé une méthode originale que nous avons nommée ‘Gabarit d'Inspection Numérique Généralisée (GNIF)’. C’est une méthodologie robuste qui utilise les découvertes et technologies récemment développées en géométrie métrique et algorithmique. Les techniques de réduction dimensionnelle non linéaire sont employées pour identifier les meilleures correspondances entre deux sets de points (CAD et nuage mesuré). Finalement, la méthode des éléments finis est employée en post-traitement pour ‘caler’ les deux nuages de points et produire un état numérique ‘virtuel’ d’une opération de conformation pour atteindre le but du projet qui est de développer une approche générale de l'inspection géométrique sans gabarit pour les pièces non rigides. La validation et l’exploration des performances métrologiques de notre approche sont réalisées sur des composants typiques de l’industrie.
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Tam, Shu-ming, and 譚樹明. "Inspection of machined parts by measuring inertial properties." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237708.
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Santos, Fábio Henrique Oliveira dos. "Apoio ao processo de inspeção de usabilidade para aplicações de software." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2895.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-03Usability Inspections are methods used to verify the software s quality in relation to its interaction with users. The applications acceptability is directly related to their usability. Thus, the goal of this work is to develop ways to assist the inspection execution, providing better costeffectiveness. In this thesis, we present an assistant to support the inspection process with a focus on usability of traditional software applications and Web applications. This wizard, called APIU, aims at reducing the time spent during the inspection execution and to achieve better management of the inspection process. The wizard s requirements were defined based on practical experience in inspections and usability testing as well as studies found in current literature. This thesis presents how the proposed APIU assistant was defined and developed, the context in which it can be used, as well as studies for the improvement of the wizard.
As inspeções de usabilidade são métodos utilizados com o objetivo de verificar a qualidade de um software em relação à interação com os usuários. A aceitabilidade das aplicações está diretamente ligada à usabilidade das mesmas. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver meios que auxiliem a execução de uma inspeção, dotando essa atividade de melhor custo-benefício. Esta dissertação propõe um assistente de apoio ao processo de inspeção de usabilidade, o APIU, voltado para aplicações de software tradicionais e aplicações Web. Este assistente de apoio objetiva reduzir o esforço gasto durante a execução de uma inspeção e apoiar um melhor gerenciamento da mesma. Este assistente teve seus requisitos definidos a partir de experiências práticas em inspeções e testes de usabilidade, além do estudo de trabalhos disponíveis na literatura. Esta dissertação apresenta como o APIU foi definido e desenvolvido, o contexto em que ele pode ser empregado e os estudos realizados para o aprimoramento do assistente.
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Radvar-Esfahlan, Hassan. "Geometrical inspection of flexible parts using intrinsic geometry." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/657/1/RADVAR%2DESFAHLAN_Hassan.pdf.
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Le probleme du tolerancement des pieces mecaniques est decisif pour I'industrie de pointe.
Ses incidences economiques sont importantes pour le secteur manufacturier qui subit des
transformations profondes imposees par la globalisation des marches et revolution constante
des technologies (CAO, CMM, 3D Scanner, etc.). U est admit aujourd'hui que I'optimisation
des performances des produits requiert la prise en compte des variations inherentes aux
processus de fabrication, d'ou le controle de la qualite a travers le processus de
developpement et de fabrication. Dans le cas des composantes dites 'flexibles' (ou non
rigides), par exemple des pieces mecanique a parol minces comme le revetement d'un avion
ou d'une auto, I'usage industriel actuel est limite encore a I'utilisation de gabarit de
conformite, relativement couteux, qui contraignent la geometric de la piece a un etat qui
reflete 1'assemblage. Par la suite, des mesures par contact directe ou par scanner sont
effectuees. C'est ainsi I'industrie elimine I'effet des deformations dues a la flexibilite de la
piece pour tenter de detecter les defauts dus au procede de fabrication.
Le projet propose a pour objectif de faciliter les operations d'inspection dimensionnelle et
geometrique des composantes flexibles a partir d'un nuage de points, et ce, sans recours a un
gabarit ou des operations secondaires de conformation. Plus specifiquement, nous visons le
developpement d'une methodologie qui permettra de localiser et de quantifier les defauts de
profil dans le cas des coques minces typique des industries aerospatiales et automobiles.
Pour arriver a cet objectif, nous mettons en oeuvre une idee que nous appelons Numerical
Inspection Fixture. Nous utilisons les distances geodesiques pour detecter la similarite
intrinseque entre une piece a I'etat libre qui inclus les effets de gravite, des contraintes
internes et des defauts de fabrication, et la meme piece telle que definie nominalement par un
modele CAO. Ce memoire developpe le fondement theorique de cette methode et les
algorithmes qu'y sont relies. Nous employons une approche, deja employe dans le domaine
de I'imagerie medicale, pour identifier les distances geodesiques minimales (geometric
metrique), les statistiques {Multidimensional Scaling - MDS) pour analyser les similarites et
dissimilarites entre deux objets, ainsi que la methode d'elements finis (FE) pour aboutir a une
approche generate et original pour I'inspection de pieces geometriques non rigides. Deux
methodes y sont proposees avec des validations numeriques.
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Ljubicic, Dean M. "High Speed Instrumentation for Inspection of transparent parts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81591.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 281-286).
In micro manufacturing (MEMS, polymer hot-embossing, polymer roll-to-roll imprint, etc.) precise micro and nano-sized features are distributed over large areas. In order to inspect for defects or employ statistical process control on micromanufactured parts, metrological instruments must collect data with submicron resolution at a rate fast enough to keep up with the pace of production. Commercial inspection instruments fall short on meeting these challenging demands. This doctoral thesis details the design, implementation, and results of an optical system built to provide real-time inspection for transparent polymer microfluidic devices. Our instrument utilizes a high speed camera (500 fps) in conjunction with submicron precision positioning stages (20 nm resolution) to rapidly collect topological data on the microfluidic devices. The stream of images are processed using a depth from focus technique to provide surface inspection with 0.5 micron lateral resolution and 1 micron vertical resolution at an inspection speed of 640,000 voxels per second. The instrument also demonstrates the ability to measure vertical sidewalls as a result of the tilted orientation of the camera system providing access to these typically hidden or eclipsed areas. The 3D contour plots generated by the instrument are used to characterize a manufacturing process demonstrating automatic defect detection, repeatability analysis, and run charts that can be used in process control. This thesis also explores the design and experimentation of a novel sensor that can simultaneously measure the thickness and lateral position of a transparent object. This capability is especially useful to control the lateral position of a transparent web with a feedback system during a manufacturing roll to roll process. The sensor measurement has demonstrated submicron repeatability over millimeters of range in both thickness and position.
by Dean Ljubicic.
Ph.D.
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Fiala, John C. "Computer representations of machined parts for automatic inspection." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76033.
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A comparison is made between octrees, which are regular decompositions of volumes, and new, irregular decompositions called R-trees. This comparison is made within the context of the volume intersection problems that might be associated with an automatic inspection system. The results show that the irregular decomposition is independent of object position and can provide a more space efficient encoding for certain shapes. However, detecting intersections between R-trees requires an algorithm of greater complexity due to the irregularity of the decomposition.
Algorithms are given for obtaining tree decompositions from a hierarchic relational model of a volume. Among these algorithms is a procedure for finding the minimal enclosing rectangular parallelepiped of a boundary representation, and a generalization of the point-in-polygon algorithm to boundaries on curved surfaces. Both of these algorithms have computation times that are proportional to the total number of components of the boundary's representation.Master of Science
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Shu-ming, Tam. "Inspection of machined parts by measuring inertial properties /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19712765.
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Barcenas, Carolina. "Geometric tolerance verification using superquadrics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25603.
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Ramaswami, Hemant. "An integrated framework for virtual machining and inspection of turned parts." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282574694.
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Boháček, Adam. "Příprava a organizace výstavby skladovací haly ELIT v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392047.
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The subject of my diploma thesis is the design of realization of the Elit storage hall in Brno based on the provided project documentation. Part of the thesis is a technical report for a building technology project, a study of the realization of the main technological stages of the building, the situation of the building with wider transport route links, the project of the building site including the technical report of the construction site equipment, the design of the main building machines and mechanisms. Further part of this work are a chapters on the implementation of the supporting structure of the halls, which are the Technological Regulation for the assembly of the prefabricated reinforced concrete skeleton, The Plan for securing the material resources for the assembly of the prefabricated reinforced concrete skeleton and The Assessment of the usability of the mobile cranes for mounting the prefabricated reinforced concrete skeleton. Part of this work is also a variant solution for the implementation of the Densitop MT industrial floor including a price comparison comparison with the original design. From the time and financial point of view, the object time and financial plan is elaborated, followed by the detailed schedule of the main building construction and the itemized budget of the main building, including the bill of quantities. Due to the high demands on the quality and safety of the construction, the chapters of the Quality Control and Testing Plan for Reinforcing the Prefabricated Reinforced Skeleton and the Plan for Safety and Health at Work on the building site are also included.
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Marshall, Andrew David. "The automatic inspection of machined parts using three-dimensional range data and model based matching techniques." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254595.
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Eldessouky, Hossam. "Machining and inspection of multi-feature parts for right-first-time manufacture." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760969.
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Today, high levels of precision and accuracy are needed in manufacturing to meet the increased complexities in product designs. Most products consist of multiple assembled parts, and fitting these parts together can present a major challenge, especially for complex products. Thus manufacturing with high precision is particularly required, and CNC machining is typically used as a machining process to reduce the risk of parts not fitting together in the assembly process, especially for automatic assembly. Thereby improving quality control and reducing scrap in high-value and low volume production. Over the last 60 years, NC and CNC machines have been used to improve product quality due to their increased accuracy. However, even with today’s more sophisticated machine tools, errors still occur during machining. The literature shows that there are numerous sources of error in machining processes. Additionally, different methods are being used to define and subsequently correct these errors. The methods used to compensate these errors typically depend on offline error compensation. A gap in the existing research methods has been identified as a lack of online error compensation methods to enable parts to be manufactured to specification and corrected during the machining process. The major contribution of this research is the design and implementation of a method for production of right-first-time parts based on an online error compensation. The proposed framework, CLosEd loop MAchining and inspecTIon System (CLeMatiS), is considered to be an important approach for industry to improve the machining and measuring accuracy for high-cost parts. A computational model has been developed, where an algorithm within this model can handle different types of feature relationships and is able to update feature positions based on on-machine measurements. This research shows that the proposed method for compensating the machining errors in order to machine parts right-first-time provides advantages over traditional methods. The method thus improves the positional accuracy of machined features while maintain the relationships between them, compared to the traditional machining.
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Bispo, Edvaldo Marques. "An analysis of the inspection of mechanical parts using dense range data." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21612.
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More than ever, efficiency and quality are key words in modern industry. This situation enhances the importance of quality control and creates a great demand for cheap and reliable automatic inspection systems. Taking into account these facts and the demand for systems able to inspect the final shape of machined parts, we decided to investigate the viability of automatic model-based inspection of mechanical parts using the dense range data produced by laser stripers. Given a part to be inspected and a corresponding model of the part stored in the model data base, the first step of inspecting the part is the acquisition of data corresponding to the part, in our case this means the acquisition of a range image of it. In order to be able to compare the part image and its stored model, it is necessary to align the model with the range image of the part. This process, called registration, corresponds to finding the rigid transformation that superposes model and image. After the image and model are registered, the actual inspection uses the range image to verify if all the features predicted in the model are present and have the right pose and dimensions. Therefore, besides the acquisition of range images, the inspection of machined parts involves three main issues: modelling, registration and inspection diagnosis. The application, for inspection purposes, of the main representational schemes for modelling solid objects is discussed and it is suggested the use of EDT models (see [Zeid 91]). A particular implementation of EDT models is presented. A novel approach for the verification of tolerances during the inspection is proposed. The approach allows not only the inspection of the most common tolerances described in the tolerancing standards, but also the inspection of tolerances defined according to Requicha's theory of tolerancing (see [Requicha 83]). A model of the sensitivity and reliability of the inspection process based on the modelling of the errors during the inspection process is also proposed. The importance of the accuracy of the registration in different inspections tasks is discussed. A modified version of the ICP algorithm (see [Besl &; McKay 92]) for the registration of sculptured surfaces is proposed. The maximum accuracy of the ICP algorithm, as a function of the sensor errors and the number of matched points, is determined. A novel method for the measurement and reconstruction of waviness errors on sculp¬ tured surfaces is proposed. The method makes use of the 2D Discrete Fourier Transform for the detection and reconstruction of the waviness error. A model of the sensitivity and reliability of the method is proposed. The application of the methods proposed is illustrated using synthetic and real range images.
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Sousa, Emanuel Moniz. "Desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta de avaliação do risco para estabelecimentos de restauração." Master's thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6674.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Qualidade e Segurança Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThis study aimed to obtain a risk assessment tool, for services, quick to apply, analyze, and allowed to establish, by based way, the frequency of supervision actions by the responsible entity, allowing a greater action of the entities nearest the establishments whose risk is higher depending on the classification obtained in the end. Thus, developed a checklist that the result is crossed with the estimated risk for the activity in order to obtain the level of risk of the establishment and therefore the periodicity proper for the inspections. Results are introduced through a summary table and a radar chart, thereby facilitating analysis. Tool was tested in three food services, and proved to be effective because it was quick to apply and get the whole reality of the establishment. In general, the three food services obtained a good rating, and the higher risk nonconformities detected were the absence of any documentation associated with the process control in the unit A, some flaws in the physical facilities of the unit B and the absence of integrated pest control in the unit C.
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Ali, Liaqat. "Development of a STEP-NC compliant feature-based inspection framework for prismatic parts." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433872.
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Korla, Srikanth. "Inspection of Parts with Complex Geometry and Welds with Structural Health Monitoring Techniques." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/460.
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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems were developed to evaluate the integrity of a system during operation, and to quickly identify the maintenance problems. They will be used in future aerospace vehicles to improve safety, reduce cost and minimize the maintenance time of a system. Many SHM systems were already developed to evaluate the integrity of plates and used in marine structures. Their implementation in manufacturing processes is still expected. The application of SHM methods for complex geometries and welds are two important challenges in this area of research.
This research work started by studying the characteristics of piezoelectric actuators, and a small energy harvester was designed. The output voltages at different frequencies of vibration were acquired to determine the nonlinear characteristics of the piezoelectric stripe actuators. The frequency response was evaluated experimentally. AA battery size energy harvesting devices were developed by using these actuators. When the round and square cross section devices were excited at 50 Hz frequency, they generated 16 V and 25 V respectively.
The Surface Response to Excitation (SuRE) and Lamb wave methods were used to estimate the condition of parts with complex geometries. Cutting tools and welded plates were considered. Both approaches used piezoelectric elements that were attached to the surfaces of considered parts. The variation of the magnitude of the frequency response was evaluated when the SuRE method was used. The sum of the square of the differences was calculated. The envelope of the received signal was used for the analysis of wave propagation.
Bi-orthogonal wavelet (Binlet) analysis was also used for the evaluation of the data obtained during Lamb wave technique. Both the Lamb wave and SuRE approaches along with the three methods for data analysis worked effectively to detect increasing tool wear. Similarly, they detected defects on the plate, on the weld, and on a separate plate without any sensor as long as it was welded to the test plate.
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Ji, Qiang. "A three dimensional computer vision system for inspecting the geometric tolerances of circular machine features /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5953.
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Alberdi, Ion. "Malicious trafic observation using a framework to parallelize and compose midpoint inspection devices." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0008/document.
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Notre thèse stipule qu'au vu de l'ampleur des agissements malveillants dans l'Internet, les logiciels d'extrémité doivent être surveillés. Pour limiter le nombre de points de surveillance, nous proposons de surveiller les logiciels depuis un point d'interconnexion. Nous avons dans ce but conçu Luth, un outil permettant de composer et de paralléliser un ensemble d'inspecteurs de points d'interconnexion (appelés MI) qui implémentent des mini IDS, IPS ou pare-feux, tout en vérifiant la correction et l'optimalité de ces derniers, à l'aide d'un langage de configuration et des algorithmes associés. Nous utilisons ensuite cet outil pour surveiller des logiciels d'extrémité permettant l'observation de trafic malveillant. Premièrement, après avoir démontré la nécessité de surveiller des pots de miels collecteurs de logiciels malveillants en concevant une attaque originale, nous montrons comment nous configurons Luth pour bloquer les attaques précédemment créées tout en laissant passer les attaques émulées par le pot de miel. Dans un second temps, nous utilisons Luth pour implémenter un bac-à-sable permettant d'analyser dynamiquement et aussi sûrement que voulu, les communications réseaux des logiciels malveillants. Nous montrons comment les informations obtenues par cette analyse permettent de regrouper ces logiciels et ainsi de limiter le nombre de binaires à analyser manuellement. Ensuite nous montrons comment nous générons automatiquement des signatures permettant la détection de ces virus depuis un point d'interconnexionOur Ph.D states that given the magnitude of malicious behavior in the Internet, end-host software must be monitored. To limit the number of monitoring points, we propose to monitor the software from an interconnection point, i.e. a midpoint. We have designed for this purpose Luth, a tool to compose and parallelize a set of midpoint inspectors (MI) that implement mini IDS, IPS or firewall-s, while checking the correction and optimality of the resulting inspection tree, using a configuration language, its interpreter and associated algorithms. We then configure this tool to monitor some end-host software used to observe malicious traffic. First, we demonstrate why malware downloading honeypots must be monitored by designing an original attack. Then, we show how we configure Luth to block these attacks while accepting the intrusions emulated by the honeypot. In a second step, we use Luth to implement a sandbox that analyzes dynamically and as safely as wanted malware's network communications. We show how the information obtained by this analysis enables us to cluster the analyzed malware and therefore limit the number of malware to analyze manually. Finally, we show how we automatically generate signatures from this analysis to detect those malware from a midpoint device
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Alberdi, Ion. "Malicious trafic observation using a framework to parallelize and compose midpoint inspection devices." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0008.
Full textAbstract:
Notre thèse stipule qu'au vu de l'ampleur des agissements malveillants dans l'Internet, les logiciels d'extrémité doivent être surveillés. Pour limiter le nombre de points de surveillance, nous proposons de surveiller les logiciels depuis un point d'interconnexion. Nous avons dans ce but conçu Luth, un outil permettant de composer et de paralléliser un ensemble d'inspecteurs de points d'interconnexion (appelés MI) qui implémentent des mini IDS, IPS ou pare-feux, tout en vérifiant la correction et l'optimalité de ces derniers, à l'aide d'un langage de configuration et des algorithmes associés. Nous utilisons ensuite cet outil pour surveiller des logiciels d'extrémité permettant l'observation de trafic malveillant. Premièrement, après avoir démontré la nécessité de surveiller des pots de miels collecteurs de logiciels malveillants en concevant une attaque originale, nous montrons comment nous configurons Luth pour bloquer les attaques précédemment créées tout en laissant passer les attaques émulées par le pot de miel. Dans un second temps, nous utilisons Luth pour implémenter un bac-à-sable permettant d'analyser dynamiquement et aussi sûrement que voulu, les communications réseaux des logiciels malveillants. Nous montrons comment les informations obtenues par cette analyse permettent de regrouper ces logiciels et ainsi de limiter le nombre de binaires à analyser manuellement. Ensuite nous montrons comment nous générons automatiquement des signatures permettant la détection de ces virus depuis un point d'interconnexionOur Ph.D states that given the magnitude of malicious behavior in the Internet, end-host software must be monitored. To limit the number of monitoring points, we propose to monitor the software from an interconnection point, i.e. a midpoint. We have designed for this purpose Luth, a tool to compose and parallelize a set of midpoint inspectors (MI) that implement mini IDS, IPS or firewall-s, while checking the correction and optimality of the resulting inspection tree, using a configuration language, its interpreter and associated algorithms. We then configure this tool to monitor some end-host software used to observe malicious traffic. First, we demonstrate why malware downloading honeypots must be monitored by designing an original attack. Then, we show how we configure Luth to block these attacks while accepting the intrusions emulated by the honeypot. In a second step, we use Luth to implement a sandbox that analyzes dynamically and as safely as wanted malware's network communications. We show how the information obtained by this analysis enables us to cluster the analyzed malware and therefore limit the number of malware to analyze manually. Finally, we show how we automatically generate signatures from this analysis to detect those malware from a midpoint device
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Zucatti, Glaucia Ribeiro. "Proposta para implantação de um programa de controle de qualidade de imagem em equipamento de ultra-som modo-B." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259924.
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Orientador: Vera Lucia da Silveira Nantes ButtonDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e Computação
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Resumo: A necessidade da Garantia da Qualidade do serviço prestado no ambiente hospitalar tem sido enfatizada nas publicações em Engenharia Clínica. Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de um programa de controle de qualidade de imagem aplicado a equipamentos de imagem médica gerada por ultra-som Modo-S, envolvendo a elaboração e aplicação de protocolos que descrevam inspeção física e mecânica e testes de desempenho aplicados a estes equipamentos. Para a realização dos testes de desempenho, utilizamos um phantom que permite a aquisição das seguintes características do equipamento: uniformidade de imagem, profundidade de penetração do campo ultra-sônico, precisão das medidas do sistema, detecção de vazios esféricos, resoluções axial e lateral e zona morta. Os procedimentos adotados para a avaliação destas características foram estabelecidos através da consulta a normas internacionais e outras bibliografias específicas. Estas bibliografias especificam que os controles do equipamento devem ser ajustados da mesma maneira a cada teste, portanto, neste trabalho também foi realizado um estudo que avalia a influência dos controles de ganho geral, faixa dinâmica e ampliação da imagem nos testes de desempenho. Foram avaliados dez equipamentos de dois departamentos de ecografia distintos. Os resultados dos testes de controle de qualidade de imagem demonstram que 60% dos equipamentos analisados apresentaram algum tipo de defeito na inspeção física e mecânica e que 95,83% dos transdutores analisados apresentou algum dos indicadores de qualidade além do limite de tolerância
Abstract: Clinical Engineering publications have emphasized the necessity of quality assurance of the services done in the hospital environment. The objective of this work was to develop an image quality control program to be applied to B-mode ultrasound scanners, which included the development and application of protocols which describe physical and mechanical inspection and performance tests. For the accomplishment of the performance tests, we have used a multipurpose phantom that allowed the evaluation of the following scanners characteristics: uniformity of image, sensibility (depth of the ultrasonic field penetration), precision of the system measurements, detection of spherical voids, axial and lateral resolutions and dead zone. The procedures adopted for the evaluation of these characteristics have been established through the examination of international standards and specialized publications. These bibliographic materials specify that the controls of the equipment must be adjusted in the same way at each test realization; therefore, this work also have carried through a study that evaluated the influence of varying the general gain and dynamic range controls and the magnification (zoom) of the image field view in the performance tests results. The quality control tests results showed that 60% of the evaluated equipments presented some kind of problem in the physical and mechanical inspections, and that 95.83% of the evaluated transducers presented some of the quality pointers values beyond the limit of tolerance
Mestrado
Engenharia Biomedica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Pinto, Danilo Sulino Silveira. "Sistema robotizado autônomo para inspeção de tubulações." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7096.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
During one of the most critical water crises in Brazil, in 2015, a Folha de São Paulo Journal report showed that 37 % of all water treated in Brazil does not reach the final consumer, being the failures in pipes the main cause. This master’s work addresses this problem of waste and failure in piping, for both water and sewage. In this way the characteristics of these types of pipes as well as the most common types of faults are presented. Existing inspection piping methods are also presented. And in an attempt to help reduce this pipeline waste, a pipe failure detection method was developed to achieve a low cost solution so that it can be widely used. The developed solution involved the development of a position control method using a reinforcement learning method, Q-Learning, which allows the robot to run through the pipe without tumbling, using only a gyroscope. It was also developed, using infrared distance sensors and an accelerometer, a method of detecting failures in which it was possible to detect faults with only 2 mm of thickness, in all the times in which the robot passed through it. The developed method is able to overcome the instability and imprecision of the infrared sensor, allowing, during the tests, the detection of all the faults in which the robot crossed, having only 1 false failure accusation in 25 m of course at a speed 60 % greater than the maximum speed of a video inspection. The results were satisfactory, but more work on increasing the inspected surface area and redundancy of fault detection is still required.
Durante uma das mais graves crises hídricas no Brasil, em 2015, uma reportagem da Folha de São Paulo mostrou que 37% de toda a água tratada no Brasil não chega até o consumidor final, sendo as falhas nas tubulações a principal causa. Este trabalho de mestrado aborda esse problema de desperdício e falhas em tubulações, tanto de água como de esgoto. Dessa forma são apresentadas as características desses tipos de tubulações bem como os tipos mais comuns de falhas. Os métodos de inspeção de tubulações existentes também estão apresentados. E na tentativa de auxiliar na redução do desperdício em tubulações foi desenvolvido um método de detecção de falhas de tubulações, objetivando alcançar uma solução de baixo custo para que ela possa ser amplamente utilizada. A solução criada envolveu o desenvolvimento de um método de controle de posição utilizando um método de aprendizagem por reforço, o Q-Learning, que permite o robô percorrer a tubulação sem tombar, apenas utilizando um giroscópio. Foi desenvolvido, utilizando sensores de distância infravermelho e um acelerômetro, um método de detecção de falhas em que se conseguiu detectar falhas com apenas 2 mm de espessura, em todas as vezes em que o robô passou por ela. O método desenvolvido é capaz de superar a instabilidade e imprecisão do sensor infravermelho, permitindo, durante os testes, a detecção de todas as falhas em que o robô atravessou, tendo apenas 1 acusação de falsa falha a cada 25 m de percurso a uma velocidade mais de 60% maior que a velocidade máxima de uma vídeo inspeção. Os resultados foram satisfatórios, porém mais trabalho no aumento da área da superfície inspecionada e na redundância da detecção de falhas ainda se faz necessário.
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Abenhaim, Gad Noriel. "Méthode de recalage non rigide : application au contrôle géométrique de pièces souples à l'état libre ayant une spécification limitant les forces de montage." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5463.
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Résumé : En dépit des nombreuses recherches pour réduire le coût d'inspection des pièces à l'aide d'outils numériques, l'inspection de pièces souples demeure un défi. La raison est que les pièces souples peuvent prendre à l'état libre une forme substantiellement différente de leur géométrie nominale. Il en résulte que l'inspection de ce type de pièces nécessite des outils dédiés et coûteux, comme un gabarit d'inspection. Cette thèse détaille les défis associés au contrôle de ces pièces, pour proposer ensuite une méthode permettant l'inspection à l'état libre de pièces souples ayant une spécification limitant les forces de montage. L'approche proposée combine la méthode par éléments finis, les méthodes de traitement d'images ainsi que les démarches du domaine de l'optimisation. Essentiellement, la méthode proposée transpose (maps) le nuage de points représentant la pièce à l'état libre dans une configuration correspondant à sa géométrie installée sur son gabarit d'inspection. La méthode n'exige pas la conversion du nuage de points en modèle d'éléments finis, et veille à ce que les forces de montage ne dépassent pas leurs limites spécifiées, tout en tolérant des incertitudes dans la position des points de fixation simulant l'interface de montage. Ceci est accompli par le biais d'une optimisation par contrainte des déplacements des points de fixation. La contrainte de l'optimisation limite l'étendue des valeurs des forces de montage. La performance de la méthode d'inspection numérique proposée est évaluée à partir de cas d'études simulés, ainsi qu'à partir de deux pièces réelles du secteur de l'aéronautique. // Abstract : Despite extensive research to reduce the cost of inspection of parts using computational tools, inspection of compliant parts remains a challenge. The reason is that in a free-state, compliant parts can take on different shapes compared to their design model. It follows that the inspection of such parts requires dedicated and expensive inspectionfixtures. This thesis details the challenges associated with the inspection of these partsto then propose a fixetureless inspection method for compliant parts for which theirfunctional requirements mandate to limit the restraining forces imposed during assembly. The proposed approach combines the finite element method, image processing andoptimization techniques. Essentially, the proposed method maps the point cloud, representing the part in a free-state, to a configuration corresponding to its shape
mounted onto its inspection fixture. The method does not necessitate the conversion of
the point cloud into a finite element model, ensures that restraining forces do not exceed
their specified limits, and accepts uncertainties in the position of features simulating the
mounting interface. This is done through an constrained optimization on the
displacements of the fixing points. The optimization constraint bounds the restraining
forces values. The performance of the proposed computational inspection method is
evaluated on simulated case studies, as well as on two aeronautics workpiece.
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Cores, Vitor Finotto. "Robô contínuo telescópico para tarefas em alturas elevadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-07082009-102547/.
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Observando-se as diversas aplicações de robôs na área de serviços é possível perceber uma crescente busca por manipulação de ferramentas em lugares elevados utilizando dispositivos robóticos, visto que tais tarefas exigem a utilização de diversos equipamentos de segurança e apresentam um alto risco à presença humana. Os exemplos mais comuns desse tipo de tarefa são: inspeção de: máquinas de grande porte, tanques de armazenamento, silos, postes, linhas de transmissão e distribuição de energia elétrica, etc. Com o intuito de aplicar robôs a essas tarefas, e consequentemente aumentar a segurança e eficiência dessas operações, foi realizado, primeiramente neste trabalho, um estudo sobre as classes de robôs manipuladores existentes. Para tanto adotou-se uma classificação que separa os robôs de acordo com o número de juntas, o que gera uma divisão em três diferentes grupos, robôs discretos, robôs do tipo serpente e robôs contínuos. Ao analisar as três classes, observa-se que os robôs contínuos possuem mais graus de liberdade que os outros grupos, apresentando como estrutura uma coluna vertebral continuamente deformável, que em oposição aos tradicionais manipuladores robóticos elo/junta/elo, possuem mecanismos mais simplificados, controle menos complexo devido ao menor número de atuadores e podem interagir com obstáculos encontrados em seu ambiente sem criar grandes forças de contato. Ao utilizar configurações extrínsecas, ou seja, posicionando os atuadores fora da estrutura do robô, e transmitindo o movimento utilizando cabos, é possível construir robôs com alta isolação elétrica, o que é de grande utilidade para operações que envolvem tarefas nas proximidades de redes elétricas de alta tensão. Apesar das diversas vantagens, não foram encontradas na literatura aplicações de robôs contínuos na realização de tarefas em alturas elevadas. Levando em consideração as vantagens oferecidas pelos robôs contínuos, este trabalho propõe o estudo e a aplicação de um robô do tipo contínuo que possua uma arquitetura mais adequada para realizar trabalhos a alturas elevadas. Com o intuito de demonstrar as vantagens oferecidas por essa arquitetura, será realizado um estudo de caso no qual o objeto a ser inspecionado são as cruzetas de madeira em postes de distribuição de energia elétrica. Em uma segunda etapa, elabora-se o projeto mecânico do robô contínuo proposto, onde são detalhados os mecanismos propostos e são feitas simulações utilizando o método dos elementos finitos para analisar o comportamento da estrutura quando submetida a carregamentos. Em uma terceira etapa, adotando-se uma estratégia de controle seqüencial é elaborado o projeto de controle. Em uma ultima etapa, com o intuito de analisar o funcionamento do robô é construído um protótipo, com o qual são feitos os testes.Among several applications of robots in the service field, it is possible to percept an increasing interest in manipulate tools in higher positions using automatic devices, due to the fact that such activities are high risked operations and demands the use of several safety equipments. The most common examples of this kind of activity are the inspection of machines, silos, electrical distribution poles, etc. With the aim of apply robots to these activities and increase the safety and efficiency in these operations, as a first step in this work is done the study of different kinds of manipulators. Adopting a classification based on the number of joints, it is possible to separate robots in three different classes: discrete robots, snake-like robots and continuum robots. By analyzing these classes, it is possible to say that continuum robots have more degrees of freedom than the robots of others groups; Compared with the classic discrete robots, continuum robots have simplified mechanisms, simpler control scheme due to the small number of actuators and, in the case of an obstacle, they can contour the obstacle without generating high contact forces. By positioning the actuators out of the robot structure and transferring the motion using cables, i.e., adopting an extrinsic actuation, it is possible to build continuum robots with high electric insulation that is important in applications in which the robot must work near of an electrical distribution network. Despite these advantages, no previous works concerning the use of continuum robots to work in higher positions were found in the literature. Considering the advantages offered by continuum robots, this work proposes a study and application of a continuum robot that uses a more suitable architecture to work in higher positions. Aiming to demonstrate the advantages provided by this architecture, It will be used a case study, in which, the object to be inspected is the wood cross-arms of an electrical poles used in the electrical distribution networks. In a second step, it is done the mechanical project of the robot, where the proposed mechanisms are explained and structural simulations using the finite element method are performed in order to analyze how the structure would react to loads. In a third step, by adopting a strategy of sequential control, it is done the control project. In the last step, with the aim of analyze the robot in practical situation, a prototype is built, which is used to perform the tests.
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Vidor, Gabriel. "Diretrizes para avaliação de sistemas de gestão de Poka-yoke." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/23924.
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Este trabalho propõe diretrizes para avaliar sistemas de gestão de poka-yokes (SGPK). As diretrizes foram desenvolvidas após revisão da literatura e estudos de caso destinados à identificação de boas práticas em organizações do ramo metalúrgico, metal-mecânico e automotivo. Em seguida, as diretrizes foram refinadas por meio de um estudo de caso no qual elas foram aplicadas para a avaliação de sete sistemas poka-yokes em uma empresa que utiliza práticas de produção enxuta (PE). As diretrizes propõem que os poka-yokes sejam avaliados com base em um conjunto de categorias (viabilidade econômica, gestão visual, manutenção, projeto e operação, estabilidade da produção e controle de qualidade), que são desdobradas em trinta características passíveis de avaliação. A aplicação das diretrizes no estudo de caso permitiu concluir que: (a) alguns dispositivos entendidos pelas empresas como poka-yoke podem estar distantes dos atributos necessários para caracterizar os mesmos como sistemas poka-yokes; (b) o avaliador precisa ter conhecimento técnico do processo em que o poka-yoke está instalado; (c) as diretrizes propostas podem ser utilizadas como subsídio para o desenvolvimento de novos sistemas poka-yokes; (d) a aplicação das diretrizes tende a ser mais útil para empresas que tem iniciativas de PE implementadas, visto que estas têm ênfase na redução de perdas e, se possuírem mapas de fluxo de valor, podem visualizar o impacto sistêmico de poka-yokes instalados em operações específicas.This study presents guidelines to evaluate a management poka-yoke system. A literature review and the best practices review in organizations of branch metallurgy, metalworking and automotive preceded the development of the guidelines. Also, a case study was carried out with seven poka-yoke systems to validate the guidelines development in a company that uses lean production practices. The guidelines propose that poka-yoke systems be evaluated on a set of categories (economic viability, visual management, maintenance, design and operation, production stability and quality control), that are unfolded in 30 features capable of evaluation. The application of guidelines in the case study allowed to conclude that: (a) some devices understood by companies as poka-yoke may be far from the attributes necessary to feature then as poka-yoke systems; (b) the evaluator needs to have technical knowledge about the process where the poka-yoke is installed; (c) the guidelines proposed can be used as allowance for the development of new poka-yoke systems; (d) the application of the guidelines tends to be more useful for companies that have lean production initiatives implemented, because they develop efforts to combat wastes and, if they have value stream maps, they can see the systemic impact by poka-yoke systems in specifics operations.
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Wong, Ching-Li Jimmy. "Computer integrated dimensional inspection of manufactured parts with sculptured surfaces using CAD and coordinate measuring machine /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487672631601377.
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Barroso, Fábio de Andrade. "Projeto e desenvolvimento de um sistema intercambiável para inspeção em dutos de petróleo e gás." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5317.
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Previous issue date: 2011-12-16Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The design and development of an automated system for inspection of weld in pipelines main objective to ensure portability in areas of difficult access, improved detectability of errors, accurate reports, scan speed, easy handling and greater flexibility for different configurations in diameter and thickness. From the geometry of the duct, the system is capable of circumferential and longitudinal movements in order to scan the entire surface of the pipeline being inspected. The system consists of two DC motors, gears, a programmable logic controller and a graphical interface to show the maintence of inspection process. The project is based on an interchargeable external gear that rotates and supports the transducers, driven by other gear. Another engine generates the longitudinal movement of the system mensuring that the entire surface of the pipe to be inspected. Experimental tests have demonstrated the effectiveness and applicability of the developed system.
O projeto e desenvolvimento de um sistema automático de varredura para inspeção em juntas soldadas de dutos tem como objetivo principal garantir uma portabilidade do sistema em áreas de difícil acesso, melhor detectabilidade de falhas, precisão nos laudos, velocidade de análise, fácil manuseio e maior flexibilidade para diferentes configurações de diâmetro e espessura. A partir da geometria do duto, o sistema é capaz de realizar os movimentos circunferenciais e longitudinais com o objetivo de varrer toda a superfície do duto a ser inspecionada. O sistema é composto de dois motores de corrente contínua, engrenagens e um controlador lógico programável, além de uma interface gráfica para mostrar o andamento do processo de inspeção. O projeto é baseado em uma engrenagem externa intercambiável que gira e suporta os transdutores, movida por um pinhão. Outro motor gera o movimento longitudinal do sistema garantindo que toda a superfície do duto seja inspecionada. Testes experimentais demonstraram a eficácia e aplicabilidade do sistema desenvolvido.
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Zuffo, Monica Soares Resio. "Metodologia para avaliação da segurança de barragens." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257858.
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Orientador: Ana Ines Borri GenovezDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: As barragens são geralmente obras associadas a um elevado potencial de risco devido à possibilidade de ruptura, com conseqüências catastróficas para as próprias estruturas, para o meio ambiente, com destruição de flora e fauna, e principalmente pelas perdas de vidas humanas e econômicas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor e validar uma metodologia alternativa para a avaliação de segurança de barragens. Para a realização deste trabalho escolheu-se algumas barragens localizadas no Ribeirão das Cabras que detém 25% de todas as barragens aprovadas no município de Campinas. A metodologia aqui desenvolvida e denominada de Índice de Segurança de Barragens considerou na sua implementação diferentes critérios que foram avaliados para cada barragem para obter a sua classificação em termos de segurança. A metodologia provou-se válida e uma importante ferramenta na avaliação da segurança de barragens ou açudes. Constatou-se que 37,5% das barragens apresentaram-se em condições insatisfatórias e 62,5% em condições deficientes e, portanto, 100% das barragens necessitam de intervenção urgente. A falta de monitoramento contínuo, a falta de documentação adequada, incluindo-se os projetos, a outorga e a falta de fiscalização das barragens em todas as fases desde o projeto até sua operação são fatores primordiais para a falta de segurança constatada neste estudo. Pode-se alertar que este problema é inerente a muitas barragens, justamente pelo fato de o país ainda não contar com uma legislação específica e não possuir uma articulação clara das responsabilidades de cada órgão competente nas questões que envolvem a segurança de barragens
Abstract: Dams are structures generally associated to high potential risks due to the possibility of their failure, which could bring catastrophic consequences to the structures themselves, to the enrivonment by destructing the flora and fauna and, mainly, because they could cause economical and life losses. The purpose of this work is to propose and validate an alternative methodology to evaluate the security of dams. In order to develop this work some dams located at the Cabras Creek, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, were chosen since this river has 25% of all dams approved by the local government of Campinas city. The methodology developed here was called Dam Safety Index (DSI). It considers eighteen different criteria which are applied to evaluate each dam in order to obtain its classification in terms of security. The methodology proved itself to be effective and an important tool to diagnose the safety of dams. As a result, it was found out that 37.5% of the dams were in unsatisfactory conditions and 62.5% were in poor conditions; thus, 100% of dams are in need of urgent repairs not meeting the minimum desired safety level. The lack of a continuous monitoring, lack or imprecise documentation, including their projects and concession files, and no inspection on the part of the authorities in all phases are contributing factors to the lack of security verified in this study. It can be said that these problems are common in many small Brazilian dams, mostly because the country does not have a specific legislation to rule the security of dams and there is no clear responsibility stated as for what each government department should be in charge of
Mestrado
Recursos Hidricos
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Dobrovská, Monika. "Výrobní hala s administrativní částí v Ústí nad Orlicí - Hylváty, stavebně technologická příprava stavby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-239956.
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The subject of the thesis is the construction and technological preparation of a production hall building with an administrative part in Ústí nad Orlicí – Hylváty. For the construction project a technical report, site equipment, studies of technological implementation, a time and financial schedule, a design of the main building machines and mechanisms, a time schedule and time standard, technological specification and the relevant inspection and test plans will be written. The other task includes a comparison of the two building envelope technologies, a contract for work, a plan of risks for the building evelope and pattern moving mechanical assemblies. The subject, which I deal with in this thesis, is in the field of constructions- selected details of the building envelope preparation.
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ROCHA, Anne Caroline Oliveira. "Automação da Técnica de Inspeção Guiada para conformidade entre requisitos e diagramas UML." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2010. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1474.
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ANNE CAROLINE OLIVEIRA ROCHA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2010..pdf: 10304516 bytes, checksum: cbf8cbf8a7183317a894c05b4019777e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T14:32:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANNE CAROLINE OLIVEIRA ROCHA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2010..pdf: 10304516 bytes, checksum: cbf8cbf8a7183317a894c05b4019777e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-30
CNPq
Em um processo de desenvolvimento de software, artefatos de uma etapa são utilizados como fonte para criação de novos artefatos para outras etapas. Então, defeitos podem ser inseridos durante a transição de uma etapa para outra: artefatos podem ficar inconsistentes, levando à construção de um software com defeitos. Neste contexto, uma técnica de inspeção pode ser utilizada para verificar esses artefatos, que são produzidos desde as primeiras etapas do desenvolvimento. Este trabalho apresenta uma forma de automação da técnica de inspeção guiada. Esta técnica tem o objetivo de verificar a conformidade entre artefatos de diferentes níveis de abstração (por exemplo, uma especificação de requisitos com relação a um diagrama de seqüência). Esta inspeção é realizada através de casos de teste, que representam cada cenário de caso de uso da especificação de requisitos. Como os passos de um caso de teste contêm o comportamento de um sistema, então a inspeção guiada permite encontrar defeitos semânticos para aquele sistema. Além disso, por ser uma técnica automática, é possível detectar também inconsistências entre as sintaxes dos artefatos de software. Para dar suporte à automação, serão utilizados conceitos de MDA (Model DrivenArchitecture) para transformação entre modelos e a ferramenta USE para simulação de modelos.
In a software development process, artifacts from a stage are used as input to create new artifacts on another. The transition between different artifacts may not be precise; inconsistencies may occur. These inconsistent artifacts may produce software with defects. In this context, a software inspection technique is needed to validate these artifacts. This paper presents a method to automate a guided inspection technique, which evaluates the conformity between artifacts of distinct abstraction levels. The inspection uses test cases, that represent each use case scenario of the requirement specification. Since test case steps have the system behavior, so the guided inspection allows to detect semantic defects. Moreover, how it’s an automated techinique it’s also possible to detect inconsistences about the artefact syntaxes. As support for the automation, we are using MDA (Model Driven Architecture) to perform model-to-model transformations and the USE tool for model simulation.
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Teles, Camila Duarte. "Desenvolvimento de um método para o planejamento da inspeção de equipamentos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10358.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um método para o planejamento da inspeção de equipamentos instalados em grandes quantidades e em extensas áreas geográficas. Para tanto, a dissertação apresenta inicialmente tópicos referentes a amostragem, que constitui a base do método desenvolvido, e inspeção de produtos e equipamentos. O método proposto é dividido em três fases, as quais são subdivididas em etapas que apresentam as atividades a serem realizadas. A Fase 1 denomina-se elaboração da matriz amostral e visa identificar quais e quantos equipamentos devem ser inspecionados. A Fase 2, intitulada distribuição da matriz amostral no tempo, tem como objetivo determinar quando os equipamentos devem ser inspecionados. A Fase 3, designada alocação dos recursos humanos para execução da matriz amostral, visa estabelecer quem deve inspecionar os equipamentos. Após seu desenvolvimento, o método foi aplicado em uma empresa do setor de distribuição de energia elétrica, para auxiliar no planejamento da inspeção de seus medidores de energia elétrica. Por fim, realizou-se a avaliação do método, através de entrevistas individuais com três especialistas da empresa. De acordo com os mesmos, o método é exeqüível, fácil de ser aplicado e possivelmente será implantado na empresa. Além disso, soluciona, se implantado, o problema referente ao desconhecimento do desempenho dos medidores instalados em seu parque de medição, que têm impacto direto sobre o faturamento da empresa.The objective of this work is to develop a method for the inspection planning of equipments installed at great quantity and extensive geographical areas. Initially, some topics regarding sampling, which constitutes the base of the developed method, and inspection of products and equipment are presented. The proposed method is divided in three phases, which are subdivided in stages that present the activities to be accomplished. Phase 1 is called elaboration of the sampling matrix, aiming the identification of the equipments to be inspected. Phase 2, named time distribution of the sampling matrix, determines when the equipment must be inspected. Phase 3, designated allocation of the human resources for execution of the sampling matrix, establishes who must inspect the equipments. After development, the method was applied at a company of electric power distribution segment, to assist the inspection planning of its electric energy meters. Finally, the method evaluation was carried out, through individual interviews, considering the opinion of three specialists of the company. According to the specialists, the method is feasible, easy to apply, and possibly it will be implanted by the company. Besides, if implanted, it solves the problem regarding the lack of knowledge concerning the meters installed in its concession area, which have direct impact on companies´ budget.
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Adorni, Cássio Avelino. "Metodologia para automação de inspeção visual de bolsas para coleta de sangue." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18152/tde-12022009-091751/.
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As bolsas para coleta de sangue necessitam cuidados técnicos que assegurem sua esterilidade biológica durante o processo de fabricação até a entrega do produto final. As bolsas para coleta de sangue não devem conter qualquer tipo de resíduo, para que o seu uso ou conteúdo não seja comprometido causando diversos transtornos. É preciso eliminar o risco de contaminação; no entanto muitas empresas fazem a inspeção de bolsas para coleta de sangue visualmente, a olho nu, por funcionários treinados no uso de equipamento simples, o qual não pode garantir que todas as bolsas estejam livres de resíduos, por depender do fator humano. Para assegurar a esterilização das bolsas comercializadas, este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para automação de um sistema de visão computacional baseado em conjunto de técnica de extração de características de imagens e reconhecimento de padrões para detectar resíduos em imagens de bolsas para coleta de sangue durante o processo de fabricação, e assim, melhorar a qualidade das bolsas comercializadas. Os resíduos encontrados nas imagens capturadas se apresentam como componentes de alta freqüência. A metodologia proposta utiliza a Transformada Wavelet (Wavelet de Haar) em dois níveis de decomposição, como filtro passa - alta para destacar as altas freqüências, e assim detectar a existência de resíduos nas imagens capturadas. Os resultados obtidos com a inspeção visual manual realizada em bolsas para coleta de sangue, mostram que existem resultados divergentes na análise de uma mesma bolsa, o que reforça a necessidade de automatização dessa tarefa para que sejam obtidos resultados mais uniformes com padrões definidos, e dessa maneira melhorar a qualidade das bolsas comercializadas para coleta de sangue.The blood bags require technician attention to assure its biological sterility in the process of manufacture and in the final product. The blood bags must not contain any type of waste, so that its use or content is not compromised causing various disorders; it is necessary to eliminate any contamination risk; however many companies perform a visually inspection of the blood bags, by naked eye, by trained employees in the use of a simple equipment, which cannot guarantee that all the bags are residue-free because depending on the human factor. The residues showed on the pictures were characterized as high frequency components. So the proposed methodology applies two levels decomposition of Haar´s Wavelet as high pass filter to evidence high frequencies, and to evidence the residues at the pictures and to evidence the existence of residues on the captured pictures. To assure the sterilization of the commercialized blood bags, this work propose a methodology of an automated computational system based in a group of techniques of image characteristics extraction and recognition patterns to detect residues in blood bag images in the process of manufacture, in order to improve the quality of the commercialized blood bags.This technique is used as high-pass filter, to detach the high frequencies, using a Haar-wavelet in two decomposition levels. The results obtained with the manual visual inspection indicate that were found divergent results in the analysis of the same blood bag, which reinforces the necessity of the automation of this task in order to obtain more uniform results with defined standards.
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Fernandes, José Hernandes de Oliveira. "Qualificação de fornecedor para o produto espacial - RIPP uma ferramenta de inspeção para fornecedores de usinagem." Universidade de Taubaté, 2010. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=303.
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Este trabalho estabelece um procedimento metodológico para padronizar a inspeção de recebimento, eliminar conflitos com os fornecedores e desencontros de informações, causados por processos e equipamentos incompatíveis com as especificações, propondo a inclusão de roteiros de inspeção no processo licitatório para auxiliar as especificações na contratação de serviços de fornecimento de peças usinadas para uso em veículos espaciais de sondagem e lançadores de satélites. Esta proposta tem por base a pesquisa e análise das necessidades do Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço (IAE), sobre as formas de inspeção de recebimento dos serviços de usinagem fornecidos por empresas do setor aeroespacial e revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto. Espera-se obter como resultado, a eliminação de conflitos no recebimento de peças, a confiança na inspeção dos fornecedores e o recebimento de produtos com a qualidade necessária ao cumprimento dos requisitos especificados.This work establishes a methodological procedure to standardize the reception inspection, to eliminate conflicts with the suppliers, and divergence of information, caused by processes and incompatible equipments with the specifications, proposing the inclusion of inspection itineraries in the acquisition process to aid the specifications in the recruiting of services of supply of manufactured pieces for use in space vehicles of survey and throwers of satellites. This proposal has for base the research and analysis of the needs of the Institute of Aeronautics and Space (IAE), on the forms to inspection of reception services of manufacture supplied by companies of the aerospace section and bibliographical revision on the subject. It is waited to obtain as result, the elimination of conflicts in the reception of pieces, the trust in the inspection of the suppliers and the reception of products with the necessary quality to the execution of the specified requirements.
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Almeida, Roselaine Bonfim de. "O efeito das fiscalizações do trabalho para a redução do trabalho infantil no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-04052015-111944/.
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O trabalho infantil vem diminuindo desde meados da década de 1990. Foi também nesse período que a inspeção do trabalho no Brasil começou a dar maior importância ao combate ao trabalho infantil. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o efeito da inspeção do trabalho sobre a queda no trabalho infantil, em 2000 e 2010. Inicialmente, a ideia era utilizar o número de empresas fiscalizadas no município como uma medida da execução da inspeção no município. Entretanto, essa variável pode ser endógena já que as inspeções do trabalho não dependem apenas de ações fiscais planejadas, mas também de denúncias de violações da legislação. Para resolver esse problema considerou-se que a realização da fiscalização depende da disponibilidade de auditores fiscais do trabalho (AFTs) e da distância que eles precisam percorrer para chegar ao local onde será realizada a fiscalização. Os AFTs são distribuídos por estado e trabalham nas Superintendências Regionais do Trabalho (SRTs) ou nas Gerências Regionais do Trabalho (GRTs). De acordo com essas informações, criou-se duas variáveis instrumentais. A primeira foi a distância entre cada município e a SRT ou a GRT mais próxima. A segunda foi a quantidade de AFTs no estado. A partir dessas variáveis instrumentais utilizou-se o método de mínimos quadrados em dois estágios. As análises foram realizadas por faixas etárias. Os resultados encontrados para o ano 2000 mostram que o aumento de 1% na inspeção reduziu a proporção de crianças e adolescentes que trabalham em todas as faixas analisadas. A redução foi de 0,22% para a faixa de 10 a 17 anos, de 0,45% para a faixa de 10 a 14 anos, de 0,19% para aqueles com 15 anos e de aproximadamente 0,09% para a faixa de 16 a 17 anos. Em termos absolutos, esses valores representam aproximadamente 8.658 crianças e adolescentes de 10 a 17, 5.140 crianças e adolescentes de 10 a 14 anos, 1.233 adolescentes de 15 anos e 1.929 adolescentes de 16 e 17 anos. Os resultados foram estatisticamente significativos a 1% e a 10%. Para o ano de 2010 os resultados mostraram que o aumento de 1% na inspeção reduziu a proporção de crianças e adolescentes que trabalham em todas as faixas analisadas. A redução foi de 0,26% para a faixa de 10 a 17 anos, de 0,66% para a faixa de 10 a 13 anos, de 0,41% para a faixa de 14 a 15 anos e de 0,08% para a faixa de 16 a 17 anos. Todos esses resultados foram estatisticamente significativos a 1%, com exceção da última faixa etária. Em termos absolutos, esses valores representam aproximadamente 8.856 crianças e adolescentes de 10 a 17 anos, 4.686 crianças e adolescentes de 10 a 13 anos e 3.642 adolescentes de 14 e 15 anos. Esses resultados mostram a importância da fiscalização para a redução ou eliminação do trabalho infantil, principalmente das piores formas.Child labor has been decreasing since the mid-1990s. It was also during this period that the labor inspection in Brazil started to give greater importance to combat child labor. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the effect of labor inspection in the reduction of child labor in 2000 and 2010. Initially, the idea was to use the number of inspected companies in the municipality as a measure of the implementation of inspection in the municipality. However, this variable may be endogenous since the inspections of the work don\'t rely only on planned fiscal actions, but also on complaints of violations of the laws. To solve this problem it was considered that the implementation of labor inspection depends on the availability of labor inspectors and the distance that they have to travel to get to the place where the inspection will be performed. The labor inspectors are distributed by state, and they work in the Regional Superintendent of Labor (RSL), or in the Regional Management of Labour (RML). According to this information, two instrumental variables were created. The first was the distance between each municipality and the nearest RSL or RML. The second was the number of labor inspectors in the state. We used the method of Two-Stage Least Squares. The analyses were performed by age groups. The results for the year 2000 show that an increase of 1% in the inspection reduced the proportion of children and adolescents working in all analyzed groups. The reduction was of 0.22% for the aged group of 10 to 17 years, 0.45% for the aged group of 10 to 14 years, 0.19% for those aged 15 and approximately 0.09% for the aged group of 16 to 17 years. In absolute terms, these values represent approximately 8,658 children and adolescents for the aged group of 10 to 17 years, 5,140 children and adolescents for the aged group of 10 to 14 years, 1,233 adolescents aged 15 years and 1,929 adolescents for the aged group of 16 to 17 years. The results were statistically significant at 1% and at 10%. For the year 2010, results also showed that the increase of 1% in the labor inspection reduced the proportion of children and adolescents working in all analyzed groups. The reduction was of 0.26% for the aged group of 10 to 17 years, 0.66% for the aged group of 10 to 13 years, 0.41% for the aged group of 14 to 15 years and 0.08% for the aged group of 16 to 17 years. All these results were statistically significant at 1%, except for the last aged group. In absolute terms, these values represent approximately 8,856 children and adolescents for the aged group of 10 to 17 years, 4,689 children and adolescents for the aged group of 10 to 13 years and 3,642 adolescents for the aged group of 14 to 15 years. These results show the importance of labor inspection to decrease or eliminate child labor, mainly its worst forms.
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SILVA, Ricardo Mendes da. "Escherichia coli patogênica em aviários, celulites e fígados de frango e consequências para a avicultura." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4440.
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This study aimed to research Escherichia coli (E. coli) in broiler houses, cellulitis lesions and livers and the consequences of the presence of this pathogen for aviculture. From August 2013 to January 2014 100 samples of cellulitis injuries and 100 broiler livers were collected from a slaughter line in a poultry slaughterhouse in the Bahia Recôncavo Region. The number of nine broiler houses identified as being broilers producers and between 3 and 7 days after the slaughterhouse collect the aviary were visited twice to take samples from litter, feed and water. The broiler houses three and seven did not allow collections. It was found the population of E. coli by count method Petrifilm™ (3M Company) (AOAC 998.8) and water by the chromogenic method Readycult® (Merck). Genes characteristic of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, iss and iutA, were investigated in E. coli isolates using Polimerse Chain Reaction (PCR). Histopathological analyzes were performed under light microscopy after histological section and routine staining (hematoxylin eosin (HE)). Descriptive analyzes were performed and for the correlation statistics were used parametric and non-parametric tests in accordance with the sample groups A positive and significant correlation between E. coli isolates from environmental samples of broiler houses and cellulitis lesions allows traced the route taken by the pathogen from broiler houses to consumers reinforcing the need for greater attention in sanitary management in broiler houses and in research of the avian pathogenic E.coli (APEC) potential zoonotic risk. The presence of virulence factors and iutA and iss, as often than E. coli was isolated simultaneously in cellulitis and livers reinforces the possibility that APEC is present in the two biological tissues providing the hypothesis that the bacteria infect the animal initially from skin lesions and subsequently reaches the liver, which would configure the systemic character of this infection, suggesting that occurs the total disposal of the carcass when cellulitis lesions are found. Macroscopic liver changes should continue to be used as a criterion for complete carcasses disposal because it reduces the risk of delivering unsafe food to the consumer. Added to this is necessesary the inclusion of microbiological and histopathological analysis in poultry meat production sanitary inspection routines.
Objetivou-se pesquisar Escherichia coli (E. coli) em aviários, celulites e fígados de frangos e as consequências da presença deste patógeno para a avicultura. No período de agosto de 2013 a janeiro de 2014 foram coletadas 100 amostras de lesões de celulite e 100 fígados oriundos de 100 frangos de uma linha de abate em um matadouro avícola no Recôncavo da Bahia. Foram identificados os nove aviários de origem dos frangos, e entre três e sete dias depois da coleta no matadouro estes foram visitados duas vezes para coleta de amostras de cama, ração e água. Os aviários, números três e sete não permitiram coletas. Foi verificada a população de E. coli pelo método de contagem Petrifilm™ (3M Company), (AOAC 998.8) e na água por meio do método cromogênico Readycult® (Merck). Genes característicos de Escherichia coli patogênica para aves (APEC), iss e iutA, foram pesquisados nos isolados de E. coli utilizando a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). As análises histopatológicas foram realizadas sob microscopia de luz, após corte histológico e coloração de rotina (Hematoxilina Eosina (HE)). Foram feitas análises estatísticas descritivas e nas análises de correlação foram utilizados testes paramétricos e não paramétricos de acordo com os grupos amostrais. A correlação positiva e significativa entre os isolados de E. coli das amostras do ambiente dos aviários e das celulites permitiu traçar a rota percorrida pelo patógeno do aviário até o consumidor, reforçando a necessidade de maior atenção no manejo sanitário nos aviários e nas pesquisas sobre o potencial zoonótico da E. coli patogênica para aves (APEC). A presença dos fatores de virulência, iutA e iss, na maioria das vezes que E. coli foi isolada simultaneamente em celulites e fígados salienta a possibilidade de que APEC esteja presente nos dois tecidos biológicos, fortalecendo a hipótese de que a bactéria infecta o animal por meio das lesões de pele e posteriormente alcança o fígado, o que configuraria o caráter sistêmico da infecção, demandando assim o descarte total da carcaça quando da presença de lesões de celulite. As alterações macroscópicas do fígado devem continuar sendo utilizadas como critério de descarte total de carcaças, pois reduz o risco de fornecer alimentos inseguros ao consumidor, acrescidas da inclusão das análises microbiológicas e histopatológicas nas rotinas da inspeção sanitária da produção de carne de aves.
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Zahedi-Hosseini, F. "Modelling and simulation for the joint optimisation of inspection maintenance and spare parts inventory in multi-line production settings." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/44353/.
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A simulation methodology is developed to model the joint optimisation of preventive maintenance and spare parts inventory in multi-line settings. The multi-line machines are subject to failure, based on the delay-time concept, and a selection of policies are used for the replenishment of the machines’ critical component. Production lines of varied configurations are modelled and described in three principal chapters. Firstly, the optimisation of preventive maintenance for a multi-line production system is developed in the context of a case study. The policy proposed indicates that consecutive inspection with priority for failure repair is cost-optimal, which suggests a substantial maintenance cost reduction of 61% compared to the run-to-failure policy. The contribution of this study is first and foremost in narrowing the gap between the theory and practice of managing multi-line systems, and in particular, that the scenarios and policies considered have important economic and engineering implications. In a second study, spare parts provisioning for a single-line system is considered, given that the demand for industrial plant spare parts should be driven, at least in part, by maintenance requirements. A paper-making plant provides a real context, for which simulation models are developed to jointly optimise the planned maintenance and the associated spare part inventory. This challenge is addressed in the context of the failure of parts in service and the replacement of defective parts at inspections of period T, using the delay-time concept, and a selection of replenishment policies. The results indicate that a periodic review policy with replenishment twice as frequent as inspection is cost-optimal. Further discussions and sensitivity analysis give insights into the characteristics and features of the policies considered. Finally, in the third study, the joint optimisation of preventive maintenance and the associated spare parts inventory for a multi-line system is developed using an idealised context. It is found that a review policy with inspection as frequent as replenishment using just-in-time (JIT) ordering is cost-optimal, and also the lowest risk policy; it is associated with the lowest simultaneous machine downtime and low stock-out cost-rates. This is a significant contribution to the literature. An implication of the proposed methodology is that, where mathematical modelling is intractable, or the use of certain assumptions make them less practical, simulation modelling is an appropriate solution tool. Throughout this thesis, the long-run average cost per unit time or cost-rate is used as the optimality criterion. In other contexts, one may wish to use availability or reliability instead. To do so would not change the methodology that is presented here.
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Chawla, Rahul M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Scale-up of a high technology manufacturing start-up : framework for analysis of incoming parts, inspection procedure and supplier capability." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101337.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Manufacturing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 88-90).
It is imperative for all manufacturing setups to have a structured system and culture of quality control to maintain product performance and customer satisfaction. An integral part of this system is to check incoming parts through inspection and to ensure that suppliers uphold the same standards of quality. As a company scales up, quality failures become costlier and at the same time, use of data and statistics presents opportunities for immense savings. NVBOTS is a 3D Printer manufacturing startup that is currently at the juncture of ramping up its production volume. The skeleton of its product is, in effect, a three axis frame with sourced machined components that build it up. In this thesis, one axis was taken up as a case study to develop a framework for analysing incoming parts. The proposed framework has a logical progression starting with analysis of part features and inspection procedure followed by a study of existing supplier capability and subsequent correlation of part geometry to final frame geometry. To perform this analysis, past Co-ordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) data from measurement of incoming parts was compiled and used. This document also makes some actionable recommendations based on the output of the framework. These include use of software packages that can help facilitate and speed up the use of this framework through efficient data logging and real time analysis. Subsequently, future use of statistical tolerancing is suggested to enhance manufacturability while reducing costs and finally, certain additions of platform features to the product were suggested to make full use network effects as the organization scales up.
by Rahul Chawla.
M. Eng. in Manufacturing
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Damian, Adriana Lopes. "Técnicas para inspeção de diagramas MOLIC." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2016. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5126.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Interaction models specify the structure and behavior of the user with the interface. They refer to the interface commands that the user can perform and the corresponding system responses. The use of interaction models in the design stage is important due to the user's perspective since problems in the user-system interaction can be mitigated. In this context, MoLIC (Modeling Language for the Conversation Interaction) allows the development of interaction solutions. The diagrams modeled with MoLIC can be used as a basis for the development of other artifacts. However, in a preliminary study regarding the use of MoLIC diagrams, we identified different types of defects, such as Omission, Incorrect Fact, Inconsistency, Ambiguity and Extraneous Information. These results indicate that there is a need to inspect MoLIC diagrams in order to avoid the propagation of these defects to other artifacts. Also, the sooner a defect is discovered, the lower the cost to repair it. This thesis presents the proposed techniques for MoLIC diagrams inspection: MoLVERIC Cards and MoLVERIC Check. To motivate the inspection of MoLIC diagrams, the MoLVERIC Cards employs gamification elements. On the other hand, MoLVERIC Check is a checklist-based inspection technique. The verification items of both techniques evaluate the consistency of MoLIC diagrams with the interaction scenario/system requirements, as well as the notation employed in the MoLIC diagrams. The techniques had their construction and evaluation supported by experimentation. The results of both techniques have provided evidence of their feasibility to inspect MoLIC diagrams.
Modelos de interação especificam a estrutura e o comportamento do usuário com a interface. Referem-se aos comandos de interface que o usuário pode executar e as correspondentes respostas do sistema. O uso de modelos de interação na etapa de design é importante devido às perspectivas do usuário, pois problemas na interação usuário-sistema podem ser mitigados. Neste contexto, a MoLIC (Modeling Language for Interaction as Conversation) proporciona o desenvolvimento de soluções de interação. Os diagramas modelados com a MoLIC podem ser usados como base para o desenvolvimento de outros artefatos. No entanto, em um estudo preliminar realizado com o objetivo de analisar o uso de diagramas MoLIC, diferentes tipos de defeitos foram identificados, tais como Omissão, Fato Incorreto, Inconsistência, Ambiguidade e Informação Estranha. Estes resultados indicam que existe a necessidade de inspecionar os diagramas MoLIC, pois evita-se a propagação destes defeitos para outros artefatos. Além disso, quanto mais cedo for detectado um defeito, menor será o custo para repará-lo. Esta dissertação apresenta as técnicas específicas para a inspeção de diagramas MoLIC, chamadas MoLVERIC Cards e MoLVERIC Check. Para motivar a inspeção dos diagramas MoLIC, a MoLVERIC Cards emprega elementos de gamificação. A MoLVERIC Check é uma técnica de inspeção baseada em lista de verificação. Os itens de verificação das duas técnicas avaliam tanto a consistência dos diagramas MoLIC com o cenário de interação/ requisitos do sistema, como a notação usada nos diagramas MoLIC. As técnicas tiveram sua construção e avaliação apoiadas por experimentação. Os resultados de ambas as técnicas forneceram evidências de viabilidade para inspecionar diagramas MoLIC.
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Oliveira, Cristiane Sardin Padilla de. "Análise crítica de experiências e discussão de estratégias para implantação de leis de inspeção de elementos de fachadas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/79846.
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O presente trabalho faz uma avaliação do histórico de desenvolvimento e aplicação de leis de inspeções prediais em geral no Brasil, com foco particular nas leis especificas de inspeção de elementos de fachada. O mesmo busca discutir os papéis dessas leis como instrumentos de gestão de riscos na construção civil, destacando os avanços, limitações e tendências do processo de implantação desse tipo de legislação. A lógica e o conhecimento teórico acumulado na área indicam que a adoção de um sistema de inspeção adequado pode contribuir para a detecção precoce de problemas, que podem então ser corrigidos através de ações de manutenção preventiva, com menor custo e risco para os usuários. Essa é uma demanda fundamental em muitas cidades brasileiras, que apresentam um conjunto de edificações em idade avançada e com problemas de conservação. Sinistros repetidos, culminando na tragédia ocorrida no Rio de Janeiro em 2012, fizeram com que a edição de leis de inspeção entrasse na pauta política de várias administrações e do Congresso Nacional. Todavia, a análise de experiências práticas evidencia que existem dificuldades e obstáculos, culturais, técnicos e econômicos, que necessitam ser discutidos e superados para que uma estratégia de gestão de risco através de leis de inspeção possa ser adotada de forma eficaz. O trabalho busca colaborar com essa discussão, revisando criticamente a experiência de Porto Alegre, um dos primeiros municípios a implantar uma lei de inspeção específica de elementos de fachada, a Lei Municipal nº 6.323/88, regulamentada pelo Decreto 9425. Esses regramentos determinaram que os responsáveis pelas edificações apresentassem à Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação (SMOV), a cada 03 anos, um laudo de estabilidade estrutural das marquises localizadas sobre logradouros públicos. Essa lei, popularizada como “Lei das Marquises”, foi criada em resposta a 2 sinistros traumáticos envolvendo a queda de seções de marquises no centro da cidade, ocorridos no final dos anos 80, e teve um impacto importante no estado de conservação do estoque de marquises da cidade. Ao mesmo tempo, representou um marco significativo no histórico de implantação de leis de inspeção no Brasil, tendo influenciado vários outros municípios a adotar legislações semelhantes. Após 30 anos, considera-se importante avaliar seus efeitos e analisar as evoluções e dificuldades enfrentadas em sua aplicação, de forma a que seja possível orientar outras experiências. Essa é a motivação fundamental da pesquisa. Para complementar e enriquecer as análises, o trabalho buscou gerar um indicativo da eficiência e qualidade dos Laudos de Marquise que estão sendo entregues. Com esse intuito, a autora, auxiliada por outros pesquisadores do Grupo LEME/UFRGS, efetuou uma inspeção paralela de 135 estruturas, gerando dados usados para comparação com os constantes em laudos arquivados na Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação (SMOV). Em paralelo, se buscou uma forma de avaliar qual a percepção da população acerca dos conceitos associados à implantação de leis de inspeção e estratégias de manutenção preventiva, e estimar qual a aceitação dos custos associados a essas estratégias. Para tanto foi realizado um levantamento de dados, através de entrevistas e questionários, junto a usuários de 24 edificações da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Esse esforço evidenciou que existe um bom conhecimento dos riscos e uma aceitação da necessidade de inspeções, mas que o custo ainda é uma barreira. Visando aproveitar e consolidar todo o conhecimento adquirido nessas diversas análises, o trabalho finaliza apresentando uma proposta de diretrizes consideradas úteis para orientar a implantação de leis de inspeção de elementos de fachada.This study evaluated the history of the development and application of building inspection laws in Brazil in general, with special focus on specific laws for the inspection of façade elements. The role of these laws as risk management tools in civil construction is discussed, stressing developments, limitations and trends of their implementation process. Logics and the theoretical knowledge accumulated on this subject suggest that the adoption of a proper system may allow the early detection of problems, which can then be corrected by preventive maintenance actions, and therefore are less costly and pose fewer risks to the users. This is a critical demand in many Brazilian cities that have many old buildings with conservation problems. Repeated accidents, which culminated in the tragedy in Rio de Janeiro in 2012, inserted the issuing of inspection laws in the political agenda of many local administrations and of the National Congress. However, the analysis of practical experiences shows that there are cultural, technical, and economic obstacles that need to be discussed and overcome to allow the adoption of an efficient risk management strategy based on inspection laws. This study aims at contributing for this discussion making a critical review of the experience of Porto Alegre, which was one of the first cities to implement a specific law for the inspection of façade elements (Municipal Act n. 6.323/88, regulated by Order 9425). These regulations established that those responsible for the building have to present to the local department of works (Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação – SMOV) a report on the structural stability of the marquees located on public areas every three years. This so-called “Marquee Act” was issued in response to two severe accidents that involved the fall of marquee sections downtown by the end of the 1980s and that had an important impact on the conservation status of the city’s marquee inventory. It was also a landmark in the history of the implementation of inspection laws in Brazil, as it influenced the adoption of similar legislation in other cities. After 30 years, it is important to evaluate its effects and to analyze the advances and obstacles to their application in order to guide other experiences. This is the main motivation of this research study. In order to complement and enrich the analyses, an indication of efficiency and quality of the marquee reports is pursued. Based on a parallel inspection of 135 structures, made by the author, with the aid of other researchers of the group LEME/UFRGS, data was collected to compare with those reported and filed at the local department of works (SMOV). Also, a survey of the public perception relative to the concepts associated with the implementation of inspection laws and preventive maintenance strategies was carried out, checking the acceptance of the costs associated with these strategies. This assessment was made using interviews and questionnaires applied to users of 24 buildings of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. The results showed that the population is aware of the risks and accepts the need for inspections, but that cost is still an obstacle. Aiming at using and consolidating the knowledge acquired through these analyses, the study ends proposing some guidelines considered useful for the implementation of façade element inspection laws.
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Aragão, Juliana Alves. "Vigilância sanitária de serviços de vacinação: um roteiro para inspeção sanitária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7144/tde-10052017-104822/.
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Introdução: O controle sanitário de serviços de saúde com atividades de vacinação é realizado pela Vigilância Sanitária, através da Inspeção Sanitária (IS). A inexistência de um roteiro para sua realização resulta em condutas divergentes para serviços com condições semelhantes, em face da ausência de parâmetros classificatórios dos elementos que compõem as diretrizes regulamentadoras. Objetivos: elaborar, validar e classificar um Roteiro de Inspeção Sanitária (RIS) para serviços de vacinação. Método: pesquisa aplicada realizada em três etapas: 1) pesquisa documental, 2) elaboração do RIS e 3) validação do conteúdo e classificação do RIS segundo risco sanitário, através da Técnica Delphi, por 6 profissionais com experiência na área de vigilância sanitária e de vacinação. A validação de conteúdo foi orientada pelos critérios de simplicidade, clareza, pertinência e precisão e na avaliação de cada item do RIS adotou-se a escala de concordância, do tipo Likert de 5 pontos; para avaliar a concordância entre os especialistas que foi medida através do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) > 0,90. Na classificação do conteúdo do RIS segundo o risco sanitário presente nos serviços de vacinação foi utilizado o critério de criticidade: imprescindível (I), necessário (N) e recomendável (R). Resultados: o RIS foi composto por cinco blocos temáticos: 1. Origem, recepção e armazenamento de vacinas, 2. Processo de Trabalho, 3. Estrutura Física, 4. Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde, 5. Documentos gerais. Na primeira rodada de validação de conteúdo, dos 79 itens avaliados, 54 tiveram IVC < 0,90 em relação à clareza, 42 em relação à precisão, 34 em relação à simplicidade e 26 quanto à pertinência. Na 2ª rodada, após reformulação, o conteúdo foi julgado pelos especialistas como satisfatório nos quatro critérios. Na avaliação do risco sanitário segundo critério de criticidade, os 93 itens foram classificados: 70 como (I), 17 como (R) e seis como (N). Conclusão: o RIS pode ser uma ferramenta útil para a prática da IS; seu uso poderá favorecer a sistematização e minimizar a ocorrência de condutas desiguais para serviços com condições semelhantes, tanto para emissão de licença de funcionamento, como de sanções.Introduction: The Health Surveillance Department conducts sanitary inspections to ensure that sanitary control services perform immunization activities appropriately. The absence of a roadmap for its realization results in a different behavior of services with similar conditions, caused by the lack of classification parameters constituting regulatory guidelines. Objectives: To develop, validate, and classify the Sanitary Inspection Guide (SIG) for immunization services. Method: Research was conducted in three phases: 1) documentary research, 2) development of the SIG, 3) validation of the content of the SIG and classifying it according to sanitary risks, using the Delphi Technique to identify the views and opinions of 6 professionals with experience in the sanitary surveillance and immunization field. Content validity was assessed using the following four criteria: simplicity, clarity, relevance, and accuracy. Each SIG item was evaluated using a 5-point Likert-scale to measure agreement among experts, which was defined as a content validity index (CVI) of >0.90. To classify SIG content according to the health risks associated with immunization services, the essential (E), necessary (N), and recommended (R) criticality criteria were used. Results: SIG content comprised five thematic blocks: 1. Origin, reception, and storage of vaccines; 2. Work process; 3. Physical structure; 4. Health services waste; and 5. General documents. In the first round of content validation, 54 of the 79 items evaluated for clarity, 42 for accuracy, 34 for simplicity, and 26 for relevance had a CVI < 0.90. In the second round, after the items were revised, the experts agreed that the content met the four criteria. When health risks were evaluated according to the criticality criterion, the 93 items were classified as follows: 70 as (E), 17 as (R), and 6 as (N). Conclusion: The SIG can be a useful tool for sanitation inspections; its use can help systematizing the SI and minimizing the occurrence of different behaviors of services with similar conditions, both for the issuance of operating license and penaltys.
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Mendes, Angélica Alebrant. "Uma contribuição para a análise da confiabilidade de sistemas redundantes com inspeção periódica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/108501.
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Sistemas redundantes sujeitos à inspeção periódica são amplamente utilizados nas indústrias, especialmente naqueles processos que envolvem alto risco operacional. Inspeções periódicas são realizadas a fim de identificar e recuperar eventuais falhas de componentes antes da falha do sistema. Inspeções frequentes melhoram a confiabilidade e disponibilidade do sistema, mas envolvem maiores custos de manutenção preventiva. Por outro lado, períodos longos entre inspeções diminuem os custos com inspeções, mas aumentam os riscos de falha do sistema. Desta forma, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é a análise de confiabilidade e a otimização do intervalo entre inspeções de sistemas redundantes sujeitos a inspeções periódicas, a fim de garantir a confiabilidade desejada, juntamente com o menor custo possível. Para analisar a confiabilidade de sistemas redundantes aplicados na prática, inicialmente é realizada uma pesquisa para a identificação dos tipos e características de sistemas redundantes utilizados pelas empresas e dos métodos empregados para a manutenção desses sistemas. Identificadas suas deficiências, um modelo inicial de fácil aplicação que melhore a confiabilidade dos sistemas redundantes estudados é determinado. Na sequência, são desenvolvidos modelos mais sofisticados para a otimização do intervalo entre inspeções, através da minimização dos custos totais envolvidos na manutenção, a fim de garantir a competitividade do processo sem sacrificar a sua confiabilidade. Visto que o reparo imediato é uma suposição que não reflete totalmente a realidade, a próxima etapa envolve a consideração do tempo de reparo para a incrementação do modelo. Por fim, o aprimoramento do modelo envolve a introdução de degradação nos componentes do sistema, que passam a envelhecer com o tempo, aumentando sua taxa de falha. Como resultados têm-se: a elaboração de um quadro comparativo de tipos de redundâncias e métodos de análise de confiabilidade e gestão da manutenção utilizados e recomendados, o desenvolvimento de tabelas e gráficos de simples utilização que permitem a determinação do intervalo entre inspeções mais adequado e o desenvolvimento de um método para otimização do intervalo entre inspeções de sistemas com e sem tempo de reparo e que sofrem ou não degradação, através da minimização dos custos totais de manutenção.Redundant systems subject to periodic inspections are utilized to decrease high levels of operational risk across different industries. Periodic inspections are utilized to identify and rectify component failures before complete system failure. Frequent inspections improve the system reliability and availability, but require higher preventive maintenance costs. On the other hand, long periods between inspections decrease inspection costs while also increasing the risk of system failure. The main objective of this thesis is to optimize the time intervals between periodic inspections of redundant systems to ensure the required reliability at the lowest cost possible. To analyze the reliability of redundant systems used in real situations, interviews were conducted with maintenance managers from industry leading companies. These interviews identified the types, characteristics, and maintenance methods of the redundant systems that are actually used at these firms. Once their deficiencies were identified, an initial model to improve the redundant system’s reliability was created. Next, more sophisticated models were developed to optimize the time interval between inspections which minimized maintenance costs. Given that instantaneous repair cannot be assumed in many situations, the next step integrated time to repair into the model as a random variable. Finally, the model was further improved by taking into consideration systems comprised of components that degrade over time, thus increasing their failure rate. Redundant systems subject to periodic inspections are utilized to decrease high levels of operational risk across different industries. Periodic inspections are utilized to identify and rectify component failures before complete system failure. Frequent inspections improve the system reliability and availability, but require higher preventive maintenance costs. On the other hand, long periods between inspections decrease inspection costs while also increasing the risk of system failure. The main objective of this thesis is to optimize the time intervals between periodic inspections of redundant systems to ensure the required reliability at the lowest cost possible. To analyze the reliability of redundant systems used in real situations, interviews were conducted with maintenance managers from industry leading companies. These interviews identified the types, characteristics, and maintenance methods of the redundant systems that are actually used at these firms. Once their deficiencies were identified, an initial model to improve the redundant system’s reliability was created. Next, more sophisticated models were developed to optimize the time interval between inspections which minimized maintenance costs. Given that instantaneous repair cannot be assumed in many situations, the next step integrated time to repair into the model as a random variable. Finally, the model was further improved by taking into consideration systems comprised of components that degrade over time, thus increasing their failure rate
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Treviso, Felipe. "Estudo de um atuador planar de indução para a inspeção de superfícies metálicas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/141822.
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Um atuador planar de indução é um dispositivo baseado no mesmo princípio de funcionamento de um motor linear de indução, onde a interação de um campo magnético viajante produzido pelo primário do dispositivo com uma superfície de boa condutividade elétrica induz correntes parasitas que levam à produção de uma força de propulsão. O movimento planar sobre essa superfície é produzido através da movimentação linear em dois eixos ortogonais. Uma aplicação deste movimento é na propulsão de uma plataforma equipada com câmeras e sensores para a realização da inspeção em uma superfície metálica, que se beneficiaria da força normal que o motor planar de indução produz quando acionado sobre uma superfície ferromagnética para anexar a plataforma à superfície. Um modelo analítico que fornece equações para o campo elétrico e magnético é apresentado, e simulações numéricas baseadas no método dos elementos finitos são realizadas para avaliar o comportamento do dispositivo utilizando três tipos diferentes de superfícies como secundário: um secundário com duas camadas formadas por uma chapa de alumínio com outra de aço por baixo; apenas a chapa de alumínio; e apenas a chapa de aço. As distribuições de campo magnético calculadas por estes dois modelos teóricos mostram boa concordância entre si, e são utilizadas para calcular as forças de propulsão e normal produzidas pelo atuador. Medidas experimentais são realizadas em um protótipo de atuador planar de indução, e seus resultados são comparados com os resultados obtidos nos modelos teóricos, mostrando uma boa concordância e potencial para a aplicação do atuador planar de indução na inspeção de superfícies horizontais.An induction planar actuator is a device that, based on the operating principle of a linear induction motor, in which the interaction between a travelling magnetic field produced by the primary of the device and a conducting surface generates eddy currents in the surface and leads to the generation of a thrust force. The device produces planar motion over this surface through movement on two orthogonal axis. An application of this movement is in a platform for the inspection of metallic surfaces, which is driven by the planar induction motor and equipped with cameras and sensors to inspect the surface. This application benefits from the normal force produced by the induction planar actuator operating over a ferromagnetic surface to attach the driving platform to it. An analytical model with equations for the electric and magnetic fields is presented, and numerical simulations based on the finite element method are carried out to assess the behaviour of the device using three different surfaces as secondary: a double-layered secondary formed by an aluminum plate over a steel plate; a aluminum only plate; and a single steel plate. The distributions for the magnetic field computed through these theoretical models show good agreement, and are employed to evaluate the thrust and normal forces produced by the planar induction actuator. Experimental measurements are made on a prototype of the device, and the results are compared to the results of the theoretical models, showing good agreement and potential in the application of the induction planar motor for the inspection of horizontal metallic surfaces.
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Costa, Jardelane de Brito. "TestCheck: uma abordagem baseada em Checklist para inspecionar artefatos de teste de software." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4121.
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Outras
The quality of testing applied to a software project is an important factor to reach the quality of the final product. This becomes more evident in methodologies based on testing to measure the software development progress or that consider testing the central element in the evaluation of its quality. Several strategies can be applied to evaluate the quality of testing in a software project. A possible strategy is to ensure the quality of artifacts produced during testing process. In this context, a technique that has been largely used to ensure the quality of software artifacts is inspection. There are many works dealing with inspection of documents produced during the software development process. However, we have not identified in the technical literature works that apply inspection in software testing artifacts. We identified just studies indicating the importance of applying inspection in these artifacts. Thus, with the purpose of evaluating the quality of testing artifacts, contributing to defects detection before tests execution, this thesis presents a checklist-based approach, TestCheck, for inspection of software testing artifacts (test plans, cases, and procedures). In order to evaluate the proposed approach, experimental studies (feasibility, observation and case studies) were conducted. They analyzed and indicated the efficacy, efficiency, and maturity of the proposed approach in relation to detection of defects in testing artifacts.
A qualidade dos testes aplicados em um projeto de Software é um fator determinante para a qualidade do produto final. Isso se torna mais evidente em metodologias que se baseiam em testes para progressão do desenvolvimento do Software ou consideram os testes pontos centrais da avaliação da sua qualidade. Diversas estratégias podem ser aplicadas para avaliação da qualidade dos testes em um projeto de Software. Uma delas é garantir a qualidade dos artefatos de testes produzidos ao longo do processo de testes. Neste contexto, uma técnica que vem sendo bastante utilizada para garantir a qualidade de artefatos de Software é inspeção. Existem diversos trabalhos que abordam inspeção em documentos produzidos ao longo do processo de desenvolvimento de software. No entanto, não foram encontrados na literatura técnica trabalhos que utilize inspeção em artefatos de Teste de Software. O que existe são trabalhos que mencionam a importância de se fazer inspeção nesses artefatos. Assim, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade dos artefatos de teste, proporcionando que defeitos sejam encontrados antes da execução dos testes, esta dissertação apresenta uma abordagem baseada em Checklist, TestCheck, para inspeção de artefatos de teste de Software (planos, casos e procedimentos de teste). Para avaliar a abordagem proposta, foram realizados estudos experimentais (estudo de viabilidade, segundo estudo de viabilidade e estudo de observação na indústria). Eles analisaram e indicaram a eficácia, eficiência e amadurecimento da abordagem proposta em relação à detecção de defeitos em artefatos de teste.