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Journal articles on the topic 'Paroxysms'
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Turovskaya, N. G. "Mental Development of Children with Non-epileptic Paroxysmal States in Medical History." Psychological-Educational Studies 7, no. 3 (2015): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2015070309.
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The author studied mental functions disorders in children with a history of paroxysmal states of various etiologies and compared mental development disorder patterns in patients with epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysms. Study sample were 107 children, aged 6 to 10 years. The study used experimental psychological and neuropsychological techniques. According to the empirical study results, non-epileptic paroxysms unlike epileptic much less combined with a number of mental functions disorders and intelligence in general. However, non-epileptic paroxysmal states as well as epileptic seizure associated with increasing activity exhaustion and abnormal function of the motor analyzer (dynamic and kinesthetic dyspraxia). Visual memory disorders and modal-nonspecific memory disorders have more pronounced importance in the mental ontogenesis structure in children with convulsive paroxysms compared to children with cerebral pathology without paroxysms history.
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Giudicepietro, Flora, Sonia Calvari, Luca D’Auria, Federico Di Traglia, Lukas Layer, Giovanni Macedonio, Teresa Caputo, et al. "Changes in the Eruptive Style of Stromboli Volcano before the 2019 Paroxysmal Phase Discovered through SOM Clustering of Seismo-Acoustic Features Compared with Camera Images and GBInSAR Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 5 (March 6, 2022): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051287.
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Two paroxysmal explosions occurred at Stromboli on 3 July and 28 August 2019, the first of which caused the death of a young tourist. After the first paroxysm an effusive activity began from the summit vents and affected the NW flank of the island for the entire period between the two paroxysms. We carried out an unsupervised analysis of seismic and infrasonic data of Strombolian explosions over 10 months (15 November 2018–15 September 2019) using a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) neural network to recognize changes in the eruptive patterns of Stromboli that preceded the paroxysms. We used a dataset of 14,289 events. The SOM analysis identified three main clusters that showed different occurrences with time indicating a clear change in Stromboli’s eruptive style before the paroxysm of 3 July 2019. We compared the main clusters with the recordings of the fixed monitoring cameras and with the Ground-Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar measurements, and found that the clusters are associated with different types of Strombolian explosions and different deformation patterns of the summit area. Our findings provide new insights into Strombolian eruptive mechanisms and new perspectives to improve the monitoring of Stromboli and other open conduit volcanoes.
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Kravtsov, Y. I., and А. G. Malov. "Problems of classification of sleep disturbance in children with cerebral paroxysms." Neurology Bulletin XXIX, no. 1-2 (March 15, 1997): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb79876.
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Questioning on sleep disturbances and polygraphic investigations of sleep and active state in 31 children with temporal epilepsy has been carried out. According to literature available and original observations, the novel classification of sleep disturbances in children is offered. Sleep disturbances are divided into permanent and paroxysmal. Paroxysms are divided into typical hypnic (non-epileptic), sleep-related "border" paroxysms and typical sleep-related epileptic attacks.
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Guseva, V. I., M. M. Odinak, O. V. Guseva, V. V. Guseva, E. M. Bulatova, and O. N. Bykova. "Effectiveness of methods of differential diagnosis of paroxysmal disorders of consciousness in children." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12242.
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Abstrast. Clinical, electrophysiological and neuroimaging methods used for differential diagnosis of different forms of epileptic and nonepileptic paroxysms in children in the early stages of the disease are considered. 527 patients aged 1 to 18 years were examined. As a result of a comprehensive survey, taking into account the data of video-electroencephalogram monitoring, 317 patients with epilepsy with a significant predominance of symptomatic forms of epilepsy were revealed, of which 166 (42,37%) patients had focal forms, 36 (11,36%) patients - generalized. A significant number of children were found to have conditionally symptomatic focal epilepsy - 94 (29,65%), only 4 (1,26%) patients - with Landau - Kleffner syndrome and a relatively small group - 17 (5,36%) patients with idiopathic epilepsy. Nonepileptic paroxysms were more common in boys in all age groups except for children from 1 to 3 years, but in this group of children the difference in the frequency of different paroxysms is insignificant (0,48%). In the frequency of nonepileptic paroxysms significantly prevailed in boys aged 3 to 6 years (13,33%) and 6 to 9 years (11,43%). In girls, nonepileptic paroxysms were more common at the age of 3 to 6 years (10,48%) and from 1 to 3 years (9,95%). A comprehensive examination allowed to differentiate children with epileptic and nonepileptic paroxysms and to clarify their diagnoses. With a refined diagnosis of nonepileptic paroxysms, 210 patients were found. The results indicate the need for a thorough comprehensive examination of children suffering from paroxysmal disorders of consciousness to avoid erroneous diagnosis.
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Medford, Andrew R. L. "Paroxysms." Medical Humanities 43, no. 3 (April 25, 2017): e28-e28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2017-011245.
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Lebedeva, V. K., T. A. Lyubimtseva, and D. S. Lebedev. "Analysis of electrotherapy of cardioverter defibrillators implanted for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death." Russian Journal of Cardiology, no. 7 (August 18, 2019): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2019-7-26-32.
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Aim. To assess various types of electrotherapy and the reasons for its use in patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD).Material and methods. A retrospective single-site study of 308 patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillators was conducted. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 1 — patients with persistent paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ ventricular fibrillation (VF); 2 — patients without persistent paroxysms of VT/VF. The standard ICD programming protocol was carried out intraoperatively, at 3-4 days after the implantation, then 1 time in 12 months, as well as unscheduled on request. Primary data was collected about paroxysms of ventricular and supraventricular rhythm disturbances, episodes of unmotivated detection of tachyarrhythmias, adequacy of use and types of ICD electrotherapy. The period of dynamic observation was 7 years.Results. The group with an increased risk of persistent paroxysmal VT/VF is patients with ischemic genesis of chronic heart failure (CHF), repeated myocardial infarction, persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), as well as with recorde episodes of unstable VT and ventricular extrasystoles at programming visits. In 54,1% of cases with persistent paroxysms of VT/VF, unjustified detection of ventricular arrhythmias was established. Its causes were: 1) AF with a high heart rate; 2) T-wave detection; 3) sinus tachycardia in the area of detection of VT; 4) atrial flutter with a high heart rate.Conclusion. In patients with primary prophylaxis of SCD, the use of ICD electrotherapy takes place not only due to paroxysms of VT/VF, but also because of both paroxysms of supraventricular rhythm disturbances and other features of rhythm perception by the device. To reduce the number of unjustified triggers during the installation of ICD electrotherapy program in patients with AF/atrial flutter, it is advisable to use a dedicated area of monitor VT and programmed long-term tachycardia detection for adequate rhythm discrimination.
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Marchese, Francesco, Carolina Filizzola, Teodosio Lacava, Alfredo Falconieri, Mariapia Faruolo, Nicola Genzano, Giuseppe Mazzeo, et al. "Mt. Etna Paroxysms of February–April 2021 Monitored and Quantified through a Multi-Platform Satellite Observing System." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 3074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163074.
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On 16 February 2021, an eruptive paroxysm took place at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy), after continuous Strombolian activity recorded at summit craters, which intensified in December 2020. This was the first of 17 short, but violent, eruptive events occurring during February–April 2021, mostly at a time interval of about 2–3 days between each other. The paroxysms produced lava fountains (up to 1000 m high), huge tephra columns (up to 10–11 km above sea level), lava and pyroclastic flows, expanding 2–4 km towards East and South. The last event, which was characterised by about 3 days of almost continuous eruptive activity (30 March–1 April), generated the most lasting lava fountain (8–9 h). During some paroxysms, volcanic ash led to the temporary closure of the Vincenzo Bellini Catania International Airport. Heavy ash falls then affected the areas surrounding the volcano, in some cases reaching zones located hundreds of kilometres away from the eruptive vent. In this study, we investigate the Mt. Etna paroxysms mentioned above through a multi-platform satellite system. Results retrieved from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), starting from outputs of the Robust Satellite Techniques for Volcanoes (RSTVOLC), indicate that the 17th paroxysm (31 March–1 April) was the most powerful, with values of radiative power estimated around 14 GW. Moreover, by the analysis of SEVIRI data, we found that the 5th and 17th paroxysms were the most energetic. The Multispectral Instrument (MSI) and the Operational Land Imager (OLI), providing shortwave infrared (SWIR) data at 20/30 m spatial resolution, enabled an accurate localisation of active vents and the mapping of the areas inundated by lava flows. In addition, according to the Normalized Hotspot Indices (NHI) tool, the 1st and 3rd paroxysm (18 and 28 February) generated the largest thermal anomaly at Mt. Etna after June 2013, when Landsat-8 OLI data became available. Despite the impact of clouds/plumes, pixel saturation, and other factors (e.g., satellite viewing geometry) on thermal anomaly identification, the used multi-sensor approach allowed us to retrieve quantitative information about the 17 paroxysms occurring at Mt. Etna. This approach could support scientists in better interpreting changes in thermal activity, which could lead to future and more dangerous eruptions.
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Inguaggiato, Salvatore, Fabio Vita, Marianna Cangemi, Claudio Inguaggiato, and Lorenzo Calderone. "The Monitoring of CO2 Soil Degassing as Indicator of Increasing Volcanic Activity: The Paroxysmal Activity at Stromboli Volcano in 2019–2021." Geosciences 11, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11040169.
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Since 2016, Stromboli volcano has shown an increase of both frequency and energy of the volcanic activity; two strong paroxysms occurred on 3 July and 28 August 2019. The paroxysms were followed by a series of major explosions, which culminated on January 2021 with magma overflows and lava flows along the Sciara del Fuoco. This activity was monitored by the soil CO2 flux network of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), which highlighted significant changes before the paroxysmal activity. The CO2 flux started to increase in 2006, following a long-lasting positive trend, interrupted by short-lived high amplitude transients in 2016–2018 and 2018–2019. This increasing trend was recorded both in the summit and peripheral degassing areas of Stromboli, indicating that the magmatic gas release affected the whole volcanic edifice. These results suggest that Stromboli volcano is in a new critical phase, characterized by a great amount of volatiles exsolved by the shallow plumbing system, which could generate other energetic paroxysms in the future.
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Mattia, Mario, Bellina Di Lieto, Gaetana Ganci, Valentina Bruno, Pierdomenico Romano, Francesco Ciancitto, Prospero De Martino, et al. "The 2019 Eruptive Activity at Stromboli Volcano: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Reveal Hidden Features of the “Unexpected” 3 July Paroxysm." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 4064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204064.
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In July and August 2019, Stromboli volcano underwent two dangerous paroxysms previously considered “unexpected” because of the absence of significant changes in usually monitored parameters. We applied a multidisciplinary approach to search for signals able to indicate the possibility of larger explosive activity and to devise a model to explain the observed variations. We analysed geodetic data, satellite thermal data, images from remote cameras and seismic data in a timespan crossing the eruptive period of 2019 to identify precursors of the two paroxysms on a medium-term time span (months) and to perform an in-depth analysis of the signals recorded on a short time scale (hours, minutes) before the paroxysm. We developed a model that explains the observations. We call the model “push and go” where the uppermost feeding system of Stromboli is made up of a lower section occupied by a low viscosity, low density magma that is largely composed of gases and a shallower section occupied by the accumulated melt. We hypothesize that the paroxysms are triggered when an overpressure in the lower section is built up; the explosion will occur at the very moment such overpressure overcomes the confining pressure of the highly viscous magma above it.
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Konovalova, K. I., E. M. Elfimova, E. A. Butorova, A. V. Aksenova, P. V. Galitsin, O. S. Bulkina, A. Yu Litvin, and I. E. Chazova. "A clinical case of hemangioma of the face and tongue concurrent with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome complicated by cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 88, no. 8 (August 15, 2016): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/terarkh2016888105-110.
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The paper describes a clinical case of a female patient with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the presence of congenital hemangioma of the face, soft palate, and tongue concurrent with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and sinoatrial block (maximally up to 3.9 sec). Continuous positive airway pressure therapy could reduce the number of paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia and eliminate sinoatrial block.
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Guzeva, V. I., O. V. Guzeva, V. V. Guzeva, I. V. Okhrim, Yu A. Eremkina, and V. V. Orel. "The effectiveness of therapy correction in children with paroxysmal disorders of consciousness based on the results of video electroencephalographic monitoring." Russian Journal of Child Neurology 15, no. 3-4 (February 26, 2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2073-8803-2020-15-3-4-26-34.
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Background. An important condition for adequate drug therapy is the early differential diagnosis of paroxysmal conditions in children, the estab lishment or clarification of their epileptic or non-epileptic nature.Objective: to demonstrate the necessity, effectiveness and safety of the correction therapy in children with paroxysmal disorders of consciousness according to results of complex investigation, including video-electroencephalographic monitoring.Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination with the inclusion of video-electroencephalographic monitoring was carried out in 527 pa tients referred by neurologists to clarify the nature of paroxysmal consciousness disorder, clarify the form of epilepsy, and select an adequate treatment.Results. Based on the results obtained during the comprehensive examination of children with video-electroencephalographic monitoring, in all the examined children the diagnosed was corrected. According to the results of the survey, it was found that 210 children had non-epileptic paroxysms. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the treatment was changed.Conclusions. The presented results of treatment of children with epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysms after correction of treatment indicate the need for careful analysis of all data (clinical and anamnestic, electroencephalographic, laboratory) for correct diagnosis, identification of causes of resistance and reasonable selection of therapy in each patient.
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Turovskaya, N. G. "Pathology of memory in the structure of mental development disorders in children with convulsive paroxysms." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 8, no. 3 (2015): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2015080313.
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Memory disorders are a common pathology in children with convulsive paroxysms. The present study tested the hypothesis that the pathology of memory in children with paroxysmal states have quantitative and qualitative specificity. The study involved 107 children aged 6-10 years. 59 people had a history of paroxysmal state, 12 people with epileptiform activity on EEG without seizures in history. A comparison group comprised 36 people with residual cerebral pathology without a history of seizures. The study used experimental psychological and neuropsychological research methods memory. The results of empirical studies have shown that increasing importance in the picture of violations mnestic activity in children with convulsive paroxysms addition to short-term verbal memory disorders have impaired short-term visual memory, the phenomenon of amnestic aphasia and modal-nonspecific memory disorders. The degree of short-term verbal memory disorders correlates with the age of onset of seizures, visual memory - with the number of attacks in history. Consideration of the results will allow to organize the process of providing psychological assistance to sick children more effectively.
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Schyolkova, O. Yu, and D. A. Eremina. "Psychosocial and clinical factors of cognitive functioning of patients with coronary heart disease after coronary stent." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 8, no. 3 (2015): 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2015080314.
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Memory disorders are a common pathology in children with convulsive paroxysms. The present study tested the hypothesis that the pathology of memory in children with paroxysmal states have quantitative and qualitative specificity. The study involved 107 children aged 6–10 years. 59 people had a history of paroxysmal state, 12 people with epileptiform activity on EEG without seizures in history. A comparison group comprised 36 people with residual cerebral pathology without a history of seizures. The study used experimental psychological and neuropsychological research methods memory. The results of empirical studies have shown that increasing importance in the picture of violations mnestic activity in children with convulsive paroxysms addition to short-term verbal memory disorders have impaired short-term visual memory, the phenomenon of amnestic aphasia and modal-nonspecific memory disorders. The degree of short-term verbal memory disorders correlates with the age of onset of seizures, visual memory - with the number of attacks in history. Consideration of the results will allow to organize the process of providing psychological assistance to sick children more effectively.
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Rosch, Richard E., Sukhvir Wright, Gerald Cooray, Margarita Papadopoulou, Sushma Goyal, Ming Lim, Angela Vincent, A. Louise Upton, Torsten Baldeweg, and Karl J. Friston. "NMDA-receptor antibodies alter cortical microcircuit dynamics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 42 (September 27, 2018): E9916—E9925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804846115.
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NMDA-receptor antibodies (NMDAR-Abs) cause an autoimmune encephalitis with a diverse range of EEG abnormalities. NMDAR-Abs are believed to disrupt receptor function, but how blocking this excitatory synaptic receptor can lead to paroxysmal EEG abnormalities—or even seizures—is poorly understood. Here we show that NMDAR-Abs change intrinsic cortical connections and neuronal population dynamics to alter the spectral composition of spontaneous EEG activity and predispose brain dynamics to paroxysmal abnormalities. Based on local field potential recordings in a mouse model, we first validate a dynamic causal model of NMDAR-Ab effects on cortical microcircuitry. Using this model, we then identify the key synaptic parameters that best explain EEG paroxysms in pediatric patients with NMDAR-Ab encephalitis. Finally, we use the mouse model to show that NMDAR-Ab–related changes render microcircuitry critically susceptible to overt EEG paroxysms when these key parameters are changed, even though the same parameter fluctuations are tolerated in the in silico model of the control condition. These findings offer mechanistic insights into circuit-level dysfunction induced by NMDAR-Ab.
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Damjanovic, Miodrag, Danijela Djordjevic-Radojkovic, Zoran Perisic, Svetlana Apostolovic, Goran Koracevic, Milan Pavlovic, Miloje Tomasevic, and Ruzica Jankovic. "Ebstein's anomaly as a cause of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation." Vojnosanitetski pregled 65, no. 11 (2008): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0811847d.
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Background. Ebstein's anomaly is characterized by a displacement of the tricuspid valve toward apex, because of anomalous attachment of the tricuspid leaflets. There are type B of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and paroxysmal arrhythmias in more than a half of all patients. Case report. We presented a female, 32-year old, with frequent paroxysms of atrial fibrillation. After conversion of rhythm an ECG showed WPW syndrome. Echocardiographic examination discovered normal size of the left cardiac chambers with paradoxical ventricular septal motion. The right ventricle was very small because of its atrialization. The origin of the tricuspid valve was 20 mm closer to apex of the right ventricle than the origin of the mitral valve. Electrophysiological examination showed a posterolateral right accesorial pathway. Atrial fibrillation was induced very easily in electrophysiological laboratory and a successful ablation of accessorial pathway was made. There were no WPW syndrome and paroxysms of atrial fibrillation after that. Conclusion. Ebstein's anomaly is one of the reasons of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, especially in young persons with WPW syndrome.
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Gardner, Howard. "Paroxysms of Choice." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 1, no. 3 (January 2001): 320–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.1.3.320.
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In this essay Gardner reviews five recently published books that deal with the charter school movement and/or initiatives to provide school vouchers. He begins the review by summarizing the views of selected critics of education. He then moves on to provide a brief history of the charter school and voucher movements pointing out why these movements are seen as attractive by some educational policy makers, politicians and segments of the public at large. To this he adds his own critical review of the supporting and non-supporting evidence for these movements. The essay ends with Gardner’s own suggestions for educational reform. Chief among these is moving toward “educational pathways,” detailed in his recent book The Disciplined Mind, where diversity within public education is obtained through a variety of schools with differing philosophies and educational emphases. (Abstract by Jerry S. Carlson)
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Tsyrulnikova, A. N., A. E. Voropaeva, A. N. Aleynikova, and V. N. Dotsenko. "THE INCIDENCE OF PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION DEPENDING ON WEATHER CONDITIONS." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2017-14-1-8.
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Objective: to analyze the influence of different meteorological conditions: relative air humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation on the incidence of development of AF paroxysms. Material and methods. The study involved 259 patients with AF paroxysms who were admitted into the Cardiology ward of Gomel City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care during the period from November 2015 to January 2016. Results. We have determined the incidence of development of AF paroxysms depending on such weather conditions as atmospheric pressure, relative air humidity, cloudiness, and precipitation. Conclusion. Meteorological conditions have a direct effect on the occurrence of AF paroxysms. The determined risk factors in this case are: high relative humidity, fall of temperature and harsh precipitation and changes in atmospheric pressure. Also, the aggravating factor in the development of AF paroxysms was age of patients over 56 and a combination of coronary heart disease and hypertension.
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Fatkhutdinova, L. M., M. F. Ismagilov, N. K. Amirov, and A. B. Gallyamov. "Study of autonomic disorders in video display terminal users." Kazan medical journal 80, no. 6 (November 15, 1999): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj70587.
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The incidence of paroxysmal vegetative disorders in users of videodisplay terminals, as well as the dependence of the disorders on some individual peculiarities of workers: sex, age, a series of social demographic, family and behaviour characteristics and general physical training are studied. The incidence of vegetative paroxysms in women users of videodisplay terminals was higher than in women not working with videodisplay terminals. It is shown that women users of videodisplay terminals aged 30 and older are a group of increased risk from the standpoint of paroxysmal vegetative disorders.
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Sjaastad, O., H. Pettersen, and LS Bakketeig. "Long-Lasting Cephalic Jabs (?) The Vågå Study of Headache Epidemiology." Cephalalgia 25, no. 8 (August 2005): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00927.x.
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Jabs (stabs) usually last ≤3 s and are located in the skull area, mostly anteriorly. In many cases, there are only a few jabs during lifetime. With this definition, jabs are frequent, thus at 35.2% in the Vågå study of headache epidemiology. Long-lasting jabs (?), i.e. paroxysms lasting 10-120 s, were present in six out of 1779 parishioners. These pain paroxysms seemed mainly to be side-locked, but could not be provoked. Possibly, these long-lasting jabs after all mainly are regular jabs. To include the ≤2-minute-long paroxysms among the jabs will necessitate a rather drastic change of criteria. This group of jabs may, nevertheless, be heterogeneous. In two parishioners, the paroxysms were associated with a migraine-like pain. The paroxysms occasionally became most intense (2-10 times the basal pain), and then, and only then, were they combined with stark, visual phenomena: wave-like movements ('undulation'), anopsia, but also: immense dizziness, nausea/vomiting. The nature of the side-locked basal pain, although migraine-like, remains unsolved.
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Gattuso, Alessandro, Francesco Italiano, Giorgio Capasso, Antonino D'Alessandro, Fausto Grassa, Antonino Fabio Pisciotta, and Davide Romano. "The mud volcanoes at Santa Barbara and Aragona (Sicily, Italy): a contribution to risk assessment." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 3407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3407-2021.
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Abstract. The Santa Barbara and Aragona areas are affected by mud volcanism (MV) phenomena, consisting of continuous or intermittent emission of mud, water, and gases. This activity could be interrupted by paroxysmal events, with an eruptive column composed mainly of clay material, water, and gases. They are the most hazardous phenomena, and today it is impossible to define the potential parameters for modelling the phenomenon. In 2017, two digital surface models (DSMs) were performed by drone in both areas, thus allowing the mapping of the emission zones and the covered areas by the previous events. Detailed information about past paroxysms was obtained from historical sources, and, with the analysis of the 2017 DSMs, a preliminary hazard assessment was carried out for the first time at two sites. Two potentially hazardous paroxysm surfaces of 0.12 and 0.20 km2 for Santa Barbara and Aragona respectively were defined. In May 2020, at Aragona, a new paroxysm covered a surface of 8721 m2. After this, a new detailed DSM was collected with the aim to make a comparison with the 2017 one. Since 2017, a seismic station was installed in Santa Barbara. From preliminary results, both seismic events and ambient noise showed a frequency of 5–10 Hz.
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Millichap, J. Gordon. "Epilepsy with Occipital Paroxysms." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 3, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-3-8-7.
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Wainwright, Mark S. "Getting Excited About Paroxysms." Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 20, no. 3 (March 2019): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0000000000001843.
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Švejdov́a, M., and R. Rektor. "Classification of frontal paroxysms." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 95, no. 5 (November 1995): P101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(95)92376-b.
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Freret-Lorgeril, Valentin, Costanza Bonadonna, Stefano Corradini, Franck Donnadieu, Lorenzo Guerrieri, Giorgio Lacanna, Frank Silvio Marzano, et al. "Examples of Multi-Sensor Determination of Eruptive Source Parameters of Explosive Events at Mount Etna." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 2097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112097.
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Multi-sensor strategies are key to the real-time determination of eruptive source parameters (ESPs) of explosive eruptions necessary to forecast accurately both tephra dispersal and deposition. To explore the capacity of these strategies in various eruptive conditions, we analyze data acquired by two Doppler radars, ground- and satellite-based infrared sensors, one infrasound array, visible video-monitoring cameras as well as data from tephra-fallout deposits associated with a weak and a strong paroxysmal event at Mount Etna (Italy). We find that the different sensors provide complementary observations that should be critically analyzed and combined to provide comprehensive estimates of ESPs. First, all measurements of plume height agree during the strong paroxysmal activity considered, whereas some discrepancies are found for the weak paroxysm due to rapid plume and cloud dilution. Second, the event duration, key to convert the total erupted mass (TEM) in the mass eruption rate (MER) and vice versa, varies depending on the sensor used, providing information on different phases of the paroxysm (i.e., unsteady lava fountaining, lava fountain-fed tephra plume, waning phase associated with plume and cloud expansion in the atmosphere). As a result, TEM and MER derived from different sensors also correspond to the different phases of the paroxysms. Finally, satellite retrievals for grain-size can be combined with radar data to provide a first approximation of total grain-size distribution (TGSD) in near real-time. Such a TGSD shows a promising agreement with the TGSD derived from the combination of satellite data and whole deposit grain-size distribution (WDGSD).
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Turovskaya, N. G. "Sensitive periods and developmental pathology of psychological functions among children with paroxysms." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 11, no. 2 (2018): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2018110205.
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The paper describes the results of a psychological research of specificities of psychological functions development among children with paroxysms depending on their age and the duration of a disease. Fifty-four children aged 6—8 years old and their parents participated in the study. Clinical biography and experimental-psychological methods were used in the study (methods of neuropsychological research of higher psychic functions among children, Tsvetkova, 2002)), a diagnostic complex (“Prognostic and prevention of learning difficulties in school; Yasukova, 2002). The results showed that an early development of paroxysms is coupled with difficulties in auditory perception, short term memory, visual linear thinking and motor functions difficulties. The prolongation of paroxysms in preschool year-old children is coupled with a developmental pathology of kinesthetic praxis, as well as language and thinking, linked to language. It is hypothesized that developmental difficulties in children with paroxysms are related to the specificities of their impairments, as well as the sensitive periods of psychological functions.
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Atalar, Arife Çimen, Ebru Nur Vanlı-Yavuz, Ebru Yılmaz, Nerses Bebek, and Betül Baykan. "Investigation of Generalized EEG Paroxysms Accompanying Focal Epilepsies." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 50, no. 6 (June 28, 2019): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059419841837.
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Interictal focal EEG features were frequently observed in generalized, epilepsies, but there is limited information about interictal, epileptiform/nonepileptiform generalized paroxysms in focal epilepsies. We aimed to report the frequency and associated factors of generalized EEG discharges in focal epilepsy with unknown cause (FEUC) and mesial, temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS). A total of 200 patients (FEUC in 90 patients; MTLE-HS in 110 patients) were included. Generalized epileptiform (spike/sharp waves simultaneously in all regions) and nonspecific generalized discharges (paroxysmal slow waves) were investigated. All clinical and laboratory findings of 2 groups were compared with each other and with remaining control group, without generalized paroxysms, statistically. Generalized EEG features were present in 22 (11%; 4 males) patients; 9 in the FEUC group (10%; 2) and 13 in the MTLE-HS group (11.8%). Female gender ( P < .021), febrile seizure ( P < .034), precipitant factors ( P < .025), and parental consanguinity ( P < .033) were significantly higher in the group with generalized EEG findings. Monotherapy rates were lower in the MTLE-HS group ( P < .05). The relationship of generalized EEG features with female gender and parental consanguinity may point out to a genetic property among focal epilepsies, while the relationship with febrile seizures and precipitant factors may be a clue about mechanisms with more extensive involvement of the neuronal networks.
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Shchederkina, I. O., K. A. Orlova, I. E. Koltunov, E. M. Orlova, D. Yu Korneev, and O. F. Vykhristyuk. "Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of epileptic and hypocalcemic seizures in children and adolescents." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 10, no. 1S (July 18, 2018): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2018-1s-66-74.
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Epileptic seizures require differential diagnosis with other paroxysmal conditions, including metabolic seizures. A variety of electrolyte changes can result in central nervous system dysfunction, including that as convulsive seizures. The paper describes electrolyte disorders leading to seizures, as well as their clinical features. It separately presents the syndromes accompanied by hypocalcemia, in which there may be convulsive paroxysms. The paper describes three clinical cases of hypocalcemic seizures. It gives recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected metabolic seizures.
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CHERNIAIEV, S., S. DUBROV, S. SEREDA, M. DENYSIUK, and S. KONKEVYCH. "METHODS OF LABOR ANALGESIA BY DETERMING THE LEVEL OF CHILDBIRTH SATISFACTION." PAIN, ANAESTHESIA & INTENSIVE CARE, no. 2(99) (June 30, 2022): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25284/2519-2078.2(99).2022.265841.
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Introduction. Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) can occur as a result of brain injury, hypoxic brain damage, acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA). The clinical picture of PSH is caused by excessive sympathetic activity and includes transient paroxysms of tachycardia, hypertension, hyperventilation, hyperthermia, and diaphoresis. PSH is a neurological emergency, which in the vast majority of cases is a diagnosis of exclusion. Lack of adequate detection and treatment of the disease leads to a high mortality rate. The diagnosis is exclusively clinical, so other pathologies must be excluded. Currently, the most widely accepted diagnostic criteria for PSH are the criteria proposed by Baguley et al. Case description. Patient D., 29 years old, was hospitalized with a diagnosis of middle cerebral artery stroke. The patient had attacks which were characterized by tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea with asynchrony with the ventilator, diaphoresis and hypertension every day with a frequency of 2-3 times per day and were ending approximately 30-40 minutes after the onset. The diagnosis of PSH was established according to the score on the scale proposed by Baguley et al., 25 points (17 or more points – a probable diagnosis of PSH). Conclusions. It is believed that the cause of PSH is a violation of the inhibition function of the cortex on the brain structures located below, as a result of which paroxysms of sympathetic activation occur, manifested by tachycardia, hypertension, hyperventilation, diaphoresis, and hyperthermia. In this clinical case, resolution of paroxysms was observed faster with the combination of morphine and propofol. An important aspect of therapy is adequate rehydration therapy to compensate for fluid losses due to hyperthermia and diaphoresis, as well as the administration of beta-blockers on an ongoing basis
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Gutiérrez-Sánchez, María, David García-Azorín, Álvaro Gutiérrez-Viedma, Nuria González-García, Alejandro Horga, Susana Martín, Ángel L. Guerrero, and María-Luz Cuadrado. "Paroxysmal headache with extracephalic irradiation: Proposal for a new variant of epicrania fugax in a series of five patients." Cephalalgia 40, no. 9 (April 15, 2020): 959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102420920646.
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Background Epicrania fugax consists of brief paroxysms of pain, which radiate in a line or in zigzag trajectory across the surface of the scalp or the face. Methods A prospective, descriptive study was performed in five patients presenting with an epicrania fugax-type pain with extracephalic irradiation. Results All patients were women, and the mean age at onset was 59.8 (standard deviation, 10.9). They had unilateral paroxysms of electrical pain starting at a particular point in the head (parietal, n = 3; vertex, n = 1; frontal, n = 1) and rapidly radiating downwards in a lineal trajectory to reach extracephalic regions (ipsilateral limbs, n = 2; shoulder, n = 2; low neck, n = 1) in 1–3 seconds. Pain intensity was moderate or severe. Three patients had nummular headache at the point where the paroxysms originated. One patient had spontaneous remission, and four patients achieved complete or almost complete response with therapy (onabotulinumtoxinA, n = 2; indomethacin, n = 1; amitriptyline, n = 1; lamotrigine, n = 1). Conclusion The spectrum of epicrania fugax may include paroxysms with extracephalic irradiation. The propagation of pain beyond the head and the face supports the involvement of central mechanisms in the pathophysiology of this entity.
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Campos, P., and M. Salcedo. "Nonepileptic neurologic paroxysms in children." Pediatric Neurology 8, no. 5 (September 1992): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0887-8994(92)90263-x.
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Chepurnenko, Svetlana A., Galina V. Shavkuta, and Alina D. Nasytko. "Amiodarone-Induced Hypothyroidism." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 26, no. 6 (December 19, 2019): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2019-26-6-127-134.
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Aim: to present a clinical case of amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism in a patient with paroxysmal atrial fi brillation.Results. Before taking amiodarone, the patient suffered from subclinical hypothyroidism. The level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was 6.2 mIU/L, thyroxine (T4) — 9.2 pmol/L. Against the background of taking amiodarone in a maintenance dose of 200 mg per day 5 days a week with a break of 2 days, clinically severe hypothyroidism developed with a TSH level of more than 16 mIU/L. An electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded sinus bradycardia with a heart rate (HR) of 37 beats per minute. Paroxysms of atrial fi brillation have stopped. According to the daily ECG monitoring recorded throughout the sinus rhythm with maximum heart rate of 92 beats/min., minimum of 35 beats/min. The circadian rhythm profi le was correct. No pauses were detected for more than two seconds. Transient atrioventricular block was of 1 degree (during sleep). Ectopic activity was represented by supraventricular extrasystoles 112 per day: 107 single, 1 pair, 1 group. Ventricular extrasystoles: 55 per day: polymorphic, solitary. No diagnostically signifi cant elevation or depression of the ST segment was detected. After the abolition of amiodarone, thyroid function was recovered. Levothyroxine was not prescribed. However, paroxysms of atrial fi brillation began to occur again. For the prevention of paroxysms, sotalol 160 mg per day was prescribed.Conclusion. Thus, the development of clinically pronounced amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism has contributed to the existing thyroid dysfunction in the patient. The assessment of the thyroid gland function and its further monitoring in the process of taking the drug is prescribed. Amiodarone therapy is performed in case of ineffectiveness of other antiarrhythmic drugs and, as a rule, is not used for primary prescription.
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Ziegeler, Christian, Sima Daneshkhah, and Arne May. "Stabbing facial pain reminiscent of primary stabbing headache." Cephalalgia 40, no. 10 (May 6, 2020): 1079–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102420923643.
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Primary stabbing headache (PSH) is a transient and localized headache disorder. Facial variants of this rare pain syndrome have not been previously described. Four patients (n = 2 female, 2 male) presented themselves to our headache and facial pain outpatient clinic. They suffered daily from several dozen to several hundred short-lasting stabbing pain paroxysms primarily in the second and third trigeminal branches (V2 and V3) without lateral predominance. These non-neuralgic pain paroxysms did not strictly follow dermatomes, were not accompanied by trigeminal autonomic features and could not be triggered but occurred exclusively spontaneously. They did not fulfill any existing ICHD-3 criteria but appeared clinically to have similarities to primary stabbing headache syndromes. Indomethacin showed no efficacy. Exclusive facial variants of stabbing pain paroxysms should be classified as separate entities and tentatively be called stabbing facial pain.
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Corradino, Claudia, Eleonora Amato, Federica Torrisi, Sonia Calvari, and Ciro Del Negro. "Classifying Major Explosions and Paroxysms at Stromboli Volcano (Italy) from Space." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 4080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204080.
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Stromboli volcano has a persistent activity that is almost exclusively explosive. Predominated by low intensity events, this activity is occasionally interspersed with more powerful episodes, known as major explosions and paroxysms, which represent the main hazards for the inhabitants of the island. Here, we propose a machine learning approach to distinguish between paroxysms and major explosions by using satellite-derived measurements. We investigated the high energy explosive events occurring in the period January 2018–April 2021. Three distinguishing features are taken into account, namely (i) the temporal variations of surface temperature over the summit area, (ii) the magnitude of the explosive volcanic deposits emplaced during each explosion, and (iii) the height of the volcanic ash plume produced by the explosive events. We use optical satellite imagery to compute the land surface temperature (LST) and the ash plume height (PH). The magnitude of the explosive volcanic deposits (EVD) is estimated by using multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) intensity images. Once the input feature vectors were identified, we designed a k-means unsupervised classifier to group the explosive events at Stromboli volcano based on their similarities in two clusters: (1) paroxysms and (2) major explosions. The major explosions are identified by low/medium thermal content, i.e., LSTI around 1.4 °C, low plume height, i.e., PH around 420 m, and low production of explosive deposits, i.e., EVD around 2.5. The paroxysms are extreme events mainly characterized by medium/high thermal content, i.e., LSTI around 2.3 °C, medium/high plume height, i.e., PH around 3330 m, and high production of explosive deposits, i.e., EVD around 10.17. The centroids with coordinates (PH, EVD, LSTI) are: Cp (3330, 10.7, 2.3) for the paroxysms, and Cme (420, 2.5, 1.4) for the major explosions.
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Corradino, Claudia, Eleonora Amato, Federica Torrisi, Sonia Calvari, and Ciro Del Negro. "Classifying Major Explosions and Paroxysms at Stromboli Volcano (Italy) from Space." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 4080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204080.
Full textAbstract:
Stromboli volcano has a persistent activity that is almost exclusively explosive. Predominated by low intensity events, this activity is occasionally interspersed with more powerful episodes, known as major explosions and paroxysms, which represent the main hazards for the inhabitants of the island. Here, we propose a machine learning approach to distinguish between paroxysms and major explosions by using satellite-derived measurements. We investigated the high energy explosive events occurring in the period January 2018–April 2021. Three distinguishing features are taken into account, namely (i) the temporal variations of surface temperature over the summit area, (ii) the magnitude of the explosive volcanic deposits emplaced during each explosion, and (iii) the height of the volcanic ash plume produced by the explosive events. We use optical satellite imagery to compute the land surface temperature (LST) and the ash plume height (PH). The magnitude of the explosive volcanic deposits (EVD) is estimated by using multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) intensity images. Once the input feature vectors were identified, we designed a k-means unsupervised classifier to group the explosive events at Stromboli volcano based on their similarities in two clusters: (1) paroxysms and (2) major explosions. The major explosions are identified by low/medium thermal content, i.e., LSTI around 1.4 °C, low plume height, i.e., PH around 420 m, and low production of explosive deposits, i.e., EVD around 2.5. The paroxysms are extreme events mainly characterized by medium/high thermal content, i.e., LSTI around 2.3 °C, medium/high plume height, i.e., PH around 3330 m, and high production of explosive deposits, i.e., EVD around 10.17. The centroids with coordinates (PH, EVD, LSTI) are: Cp (3330, 10.7, 2.3) for the paroxysms, and Cme (420, 2.5, 1.4) for the major explosions.
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Vasilets, L. M., A. V. Agafonov, O. V. Khlynova, E. A. Ratanova, N. E. Grigoriadi, A. A. Krivaya, and K. V. Trenogina. "Prediction of atrial fibrillation according to levels of serum markers of inflammation during arterial hypertension." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 4 (August 15, 2012): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1561.
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Aim. To study the parameters of inflammation during atrial fibrillation in patients with arterial hypertension and to determine the possibility of their predictive significance in relation to development of the arrhythmia. Methods. Examined were 97 individuals with arterial hypertension, mean age 50.53±8.10 years. Formed were two groups: patients with arterial hypertension without the arrhythmia and patients with atrial fibrillation on the background of arterial hypertension. Among the examined patients with atrial fibrillation revealed were patients with persistent or recurrent persistent forms of atrial fibrillation, the latter were examined both without and during the paroxysm of arrhythmia. The comparison group was comprised of 21 practically healthy individuals. In all patients determined was the content of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and fibrinogen. Results. Paroxysms of atrial fibrillation were accompanied by a significant increase in the concentration of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The level of C-reactive protein had an inverse correlation with the severity of atrial fibrillation, that is, in cases of persistent atrial fibrillation it was lower than in cases of paroxysmal forms of atrial fibrillation, as well as in patients with arterial hypertension without the arrhythmia. Conclusion. Variation in the levels of inflammation markers is an independent predictor of atrial fibrillation in patients with arterial hypertension.
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Shilkina, O. S., N. A. Shnaider, D. V. Dmitrenko, and K. T. Kim. "Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: neurophysiological aspects." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 10, no. 1S (July 18, 2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2018-1s-31-37.
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The review presents an update on the electroencephalographic characteristics and neurophysiology of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) in Russia and foreign countries.Materials and methods.The authors have performed a literary search for the full-text publications on JME electroencephalography and neurophysiology worldwide and in the Russian Federation, which are available in Russian and foreign databases.Results and discussion. Analysis of the literature suggests that JME patients have some electroencephalographic pattern features that include the atypical morphology of spike-and-slow-wave complexes, as well as amplitude asymmetry, focal discharges, focal onset of paroxysms, focal paroxysmal shift, and generalized paroxysmal fast rhythm.The analysis of the literature also indicates that primary care neurologists, clinical neurophysiologists, and epileptologists should be informed about the electroencephalographic characteristics of JME to timely diagnose the disease and to rule out the use of inadequate therapy.
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Konnerth, A., U. Heinemann, and Y. Yaari. "Nonsynaptic epileptogenesis in the mammalian hippocampus in vitro. I. Development of seizurelike activity in low extracellular calcium." Journal of Neurophysiology 56, no. 2 (August 1, 1986): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.56.2.409.
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Epileptiform activity induced in rat hippocampal slices by lowering extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) was studied with extracellular and intracellular recordings. Perfusing the slices with low Ca2+ (less than or equal to 0.2 mM) or EGTA-containing solutions blocked the synaptic responses of hippocampal pyramidal cells (HPCs). Despite the block, spontaneous paroxysms, termed seizurelike events (SLEs), appeared in the CA1 area and then recurred regularly at a stable frequency. Transient hypoxia accelerated their development and increased their frequency. When [Ca2+]o was raised in a stepwise manner, the SLEs disappeared at 0.3 mM. With extracellular recording from the CA1 stratum pyramidale, a SLE was characterized by a large negative shift in the field potential, which lasted for several seconds. During this period a large population of CA1 neurons discharged intensely and often in synchrony, as concluded from the frequent appearance of population spikes. Synchronization, however, was not a necessary precursor for the development of paroxysmal activity, but seemed to be the end result of massive neuronal excitation. The cellular counterpart of a SLE, as revealed by intracellular recording from HPCs in the discharge zone of the paroxysms, was a long-lasting depolarization shift (LDS) of up to 20 mV. This was accompanied by accelerated firing of the neuron. A prolonged after-hyperpolarization succeeded each LDS and arrested cell firing. Brief (approximately 50 ms) bursts were commonly observed before LDS onset. Single electrical stimuli applied focally to the stratum pyramidale or alveus evoked paroxysms identical to the spontaneous SLEs, provided they surpassed a critical threshold intensity. Subthreshold stimuli elicited only small local responses, whereas stimuli of varied suprathreshold intensities evoked the same maximal SLEs. Thus the buildup of a SLE is an all or nothing or a regenerative process, which mobilizes the majority, if not all, of the local neuronal population. Each SLE was followed by absolute and relative refractory periods during which focal stimulation was, respectively, ineffective and less effective in evoking a maximal SLE. In most slices the spontaneous SLEs commenced at a "focus" located in the CA1a subarea (near the subiculum). SLEs evoked by focal stimulation arose near the stimulating electrode. From their site of origin the paroxysmal discharges spread transversely through the entire CA1 area at a mean velocity of 1.74 mm/s. Consequently, the discharge zone of a SLE could encompass for several seconds the entire CA1 area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Obana, William G., Neil H. Raskin, Philip H. Cogen, Joyce A. Szymanski, and Michael S. B. Edwards. "Antimigraine Treatment for Slit Ventricle Syndrome." Neurosurgery 27, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199011000-00014.
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Abstract Slit ventricle syndrome is characterized by chronic or recurring headaches associated with subnormal ventricular volume in patients who have undergone shunt treatment for hydrocephalus. There appear to be at least three pathophysiological mechanisms that cause this syndrome: 1) intermittent shunt malfunction: 2) intracranial hypotension: and 3) paroxysms of increased intracranial pressure in the presence of normal shunt function. To treat seven patients with slit ventricle syndrome caused by paroxysms of elevated intracranial pressure, we successfully used antimigraine therapy rather than standard calvarial expansion procedures. None of these patients has required shunt revision or calvarial expansion during a mean follow-up period of 2 years. The symptoms of slit ventricle syndrome may be a form of “acquired” migraine in shunt patients. We suggest that, in clinically stable patients with normal shunt function, treatment against migraine may stabilize symptoms resulting from paroxysms of increased intracranial pressure. Such treatment may prevent unnecessary shunt revisions and/or calvarial expansion procedures.
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Gromyko, T. Y., and S. A. Sayganov. "REMOdELLING OF THE LEFT ATRIAL AT THE PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN VARIOuS METHOdS OF SINuS RHYTHM RECOVERY." HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov20179251-59.
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Aim. To compare features of straight and return remodeling of the left atrial (LA) at patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) at various options of sinus rhythm (SR) restoration depending of a choice of the cardioversion. Material and methods. We examined.153 patients with the nonvalvular AF lasting from24 hours to 6 months. All patients were divided in 3 groups. In group 1 (49 patients) SR was restored medically, in the group 2 (57 patients) SR was restored by means of electrical cardioversion (EC), in the group 3 (47 patients) underwent radio-frequency isolation of pulmonary veins (RFI PV). Echocardiog- raphy was performed to all patients at the time of AF, and also on 1, 3, 5, 15 days and in 6 months after recovery of SR with an assessment systolic and the diastolic function of left ventricle (LV), thickness of walls of a myocardium, the front and back size of the LA, volume of LA, and also design parameter of LA pressure (E\E’) by Tissue doppler visualization.Results. Index LA (ILA) authentically decreased at the patients, who are exposed to RFI PV, at preservation of SR compared with recurrence of AF for 6 months (р<0,05). In group of medical therapy index of volume LA (IVLA) initially it was authentically lower at patients with resistant SR for 6 months, compared with recurrence of AF (р<0,05). And also IVLA authentically decreased in group RFI PV without paroxysms of AF for 6 months (р<0,001). At the medical cardioversion LA pressure (E\E’) authentically decreased by 2 weeks (р<0,05) without paroxysms of AF and significantly didn't change by 6 months. While in the presence of paroxysms of AF for 6 months only the tendency to de- crease of this parameter was noted. And in group of RFI PV reliable dynamics of pressure in LA was recorded at patients without paroxysms of AF by 2 weeks (р<0,05) and by 6 months (р<0,05). While in the presence of paroxysms of AF this parameter significantly didn't change by 6 months. In the group of EC reliable dynamics of the estimated parameters of LA remodeling isn't detected.Conclusions. At patients with AF after cardioversion and without paroxysms of AF for 6 months LA sizes authentically decrease in group of medical therapy (IVLA, (р<0,05)) and at RFI PV (ILA, (р<0,05), IVLA (р<0,001)). LA pressure (E/E’) could be considered as a reliable parameter of the return remodeling of LA after cardioversion and without paroxysms of AF for 6 months in cases of medical therapy (р<0,05) and RFI PV (р<0,05).
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Chepurnenko, S. A., A. D. Nasytko, and G. V. Shavkuta. "Rare variant of Remkheld syndrome." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 12 (January 16, 2022): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-196-12-147-153.
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Introduction. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be accompanied by a triad of cardiac symptoms (arrhythmia, cardialgia, signs of autonomic dysfunction). This syndrome is called gastro-cardiac or Remheld syndrome. The most common rhythm disturbances in Remheld syndrome are atrial fibrillation, supraventricular extrasystole. In the clinical case we have described, a rare variant of Remheld’s syndrome is presented: paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia with GERD.Description of the clinical case. Patient V., 48 years old, applied to a cardiologist on 21.04.21 with complaints of attacks of sudden palpitations, disturbing for six months. From the anamnesis it is known that since 2017 he has been suffering from GERD, he does not take drugs for stopping reflux attacks for 6 months, canceling it on his own. According to Holter ECG monitoring from 03/20/21, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia was revealed. According to echocardioscopy data from 04/26/21, no structural changes that could be the cause of this life-threatening rhythm disturbance were found. Video gastroscopy from 04/28/21: distal reflux esophagitis. Endoscopic signs of hiatal hernia. Lack of cardia 2 tbsp. Gastroesophageal prolapse. At the consultation with a gastroenterologist, the patient was prescribed both non-drug (lifestyle correction) and drug treatment: rabeprozole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin and others. In addition for the relief of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia—amiodarone, telmisartan.Discussion. According to studies, one of the mechanisms of arrhythmia in GERD is associated with the excitation of the distal esophagus by refluctate with the development of viscero-visceral reflexes mediated through n. vagus. Increased activation of n. vagus creates an arrhythmogenic substrate for the re-entry mechanism, and thus increases the risk of arrhythmias. Antiarrhythmic therapy along with the treatment of GERD led to the elimination of VT paroxysms. Later, 2 months after the withdrawal of antiarrhythmic drugs against the background of ongoing GERD therapy, paroxysms of VT were not recorded. This was also a confirmation of the pathogenetic relationship between GERD and paroxysmal VT.Conclusion. The case is of interest to the development of a life-threatening rhythm disturbance: paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia against the background of GERD, which is a very rare variant of Remkheld’s syndrome and is not found in the available literature.
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Safonov, N. V., V. Yu Baranovich, and A. G. Faibushevich. "Risk factors for the occurrence of typical atrial flutter in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation." Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases 10, no. 2 (June 19, 2021): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2021-10-2-8-15.
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Highlights. Cavatricuspid isthmus ablation with pulmonary vein isolation is indicated to all patients with documented or intraoperatively induced typical atrial flutter. The preventive cavatricuspid isthmus ablation remains an issue of concern. The article discusses the risk factors for the onset of typical atrial flutter pulmonary vein isolation.Aim. To determine the need for preventive ablation of the cavatricuspid isthmus in patients referred to elective pulmonary vein isolation.Methods. 632 patients (the mean age of 63 years) were enrolled in a single-center retrospective study between 2015 to 2018. The inclusion criteria were as follows: paroxysmal AF, absence of documented AFL. All patients underwent pulmonary vein isolation. The exclusion criteria were as follows: a history of typical or AFL. The endpoints included major cardiovascular events, reoperations, occurrence of AFL. The primary endpoint was the absence of paroxysms of AF and AFL during the blind period. The secondary endpoint was the absence of AF paroxysms documented on the ECG or according to Holter monitoring data. The follow-up period was 12 months.Results. During the blind period, AF paroxysms were recorded in 148 (23.7%) patients. The efficiency of the operation within one year was 78.2% (494 patients). 138 patients (21.8%) had recurrent tachycardia. Of them, 28 patients (4.4%) were diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and others (17.4%) had AFL. Risk factors for AFL included COPD found in 18 patients (64.29%) (OR 25.4; CI 95%; 10.991-58.609), chronic heart failure in 20 patients (71.43%) (OR 7.434; CI 95%; 3.209-17.225), prolonged pr interval in 18 patients (64.29%) (OR 5.77; CI 95%; 2.288-14.5), a history of myocardial infarction in 6 patients (28.57%) (OR 6.591; CI 95%; 2.447-17.751), and smoking in 7 patients (67.86%) (OR 11.034; CI 95%; 4.849-25.112).Conclusion. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, a history of myocardial infarction, and smoking prolong right atrial conduction time, thereby increasing the risk of AFL in the postoperative period. Preventive cavatricuspid isthmus ablation should be considered in patients with risk factors for developing AFL.
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Alvarez-Rodriguez, J., S. Alvarez-Silva, and I. Alvarez-Silva. "Epilepsy and psychiatry: Automatic psychic paroxysms." Medical Hypotheses 65, no. 4 (January 2005): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2005.03.030.
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Voitiuk, Anna A., Tetyana A. Litovchenko, Olena N. Borodai, and Nataliia A. Rudkivska. "DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF PAROXYSMAL STATES: LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF A CLINICAL CASE ON THE EXAMPLE OF CLOCCS-SYNDROME IN A YOUNG MAN." Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, no. 4 (2022): 907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202204127.
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Diagnosis of paroxysmal conditions in neurology is one of the most difficult problems. Particular difficulties are caused by differential diagnosis of epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal states. There are no absolutely pathognomonic signs of epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. False positive diagnosis of epilepsy occurs in 2-71% of cases. Diagnosis of paroxysmal conditions requires an integrated approach to the problem and includes not only a clinical examination, but also a thorough history taking, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, laboratory research methods, involves the involvement of other specialists. The article presents a clinical case of 27-year-old young man who was initially misdiagnosed. Using the methods of functional and laboratory diagnostics, the patient was diagnosed correctly. Instead of idiopathic epilepsy, he was diagnosed with cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCs-syndrome associated with an infectious process) with motor paroxysms of non-epileptic genesis. Thus, using the example of this clinical case, it has been shown that the differential diagnosis of epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal states presents significant difficulties for a practicing neurologist.
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Calvari, Sonia, Flora Giudicepietro, Federico Di Traglia, Alessandro Bonaccorso, Giovanni Macedonio, and Nicola Casagli. "Variable Magnitude and Intensity of Strombolian Explosions: Focus on the Eruptive Processes for a First Classification Scheme for Stromboli Volcano (Italy)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050944.
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Strombolian activity varies in magnitude and intensity and may evolve into a threat for the local populations living on volcanoes with persistent or semi-persistent activity. A key example comes from the activity of Stromboli volcano (Italy). The “ordinary” Strombolian activity, consisting in intermittent ejection of bombs and lapilli around the eruptive vents, is sometimes interrupted by high-energy explosive events (locally called major or paroxysmal explosions), which can affect very large areas. Recently, the 3 July 2019 explosive paroxysm at Stromboli volcano caused serious concerns in the local population and media, having killed one tourist while hiking on the volcano. Major explosions, albeit not endangering inhabited areas, often produce a fallout of bombs and lapilli in zones frequented by tourists. Despite this, the classification of Strombolian explosions on the basis of their intensity derives from measurements that are not always replicable (i.e., field surveys). Hence the need for a fast, objective and quantitative classification of explosive activity. Here, we use images of the monitoring camera network, seismicity and ground deformation data, to characterize and distinguish paroxysms, impacting the whole island, from major explosions, that affect the summit of the volcano above 500 m elevation, and from the persistent, mild explosive activity that normally has no impact on the local population. This analysis comprises 12 explosive events occurring at Stromboli after 25 June 2019 and is updated to 6 December 2020.
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Mazur, E. S., V. V. Mazur, N. D. Bazhenov, O. V. Nilova, and S. A. Burova. "Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and the left heart structure and function in hypertensive patients." "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension") 28, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/1607-419x-2022-28-3-270-279.
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Objective. To identify the features of the left heart structure and function in patients with hypertension (HTN) and new onset paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF).Design and methods. We included HTN patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and valid 24-hour Holter monitoring carried out over the last month. Patients without AF paroxysms (age from 37 to 82 years, 38,4% men) were divided into two groups: the 1st group included 32 patients under 55 years of age, the 2nd group comprised 63 patients 55 years of age and older. Thirty-eight patients with AF paroxysms were included in the 3rd group (age from 56 to 74 years, men 28,9%). The parameters of the left heart structure and function, including the global longitudinal strain of the left ventricle and the left atrium strain in the reservoir and contraction phases, were assessed by echocardiography.Results. The average age of patients in the groups was 44,7 46,4 48,2 vs 61,9 63,7 65,4 vs 63,4 64,8 66,2 years (p < 0,001), and the average duration of HTN was 3,2 4,35,6 vs 6,9 7,99,1 vs 5,7 6,98,1 years (p < 0,001), respectively. The moderate and severe left ventricular hypertrophy and the diastolic dysfunction were found significantly less frequently in the 1st group than in other groups (5,0 12,528,1% vs 43,3 55,667,8% vs 36,8 52,668,5%, p < 0,001 and 5,2 18,832,3% vs 51,6 63,575,4% vs 53,6 68,483,2%, p < 0,001). In 1st group, the left atrial reservoir strain was higher than in the 2nd group, and in the 2nd group it was higher than in the 3rd group (24,7 26,3 28,0 vs 21,5 22,7 23,9 vs 17,8 19,2 20,5, p < 0,001). The left atrial contraction strain did not differ in the 1st and 2nd groups and it was higher than in the 3rd group (13,8 14,9 16,0 and 12,9 13,6 14,2 vs 9,6 10,3 11,1, p < 0,001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the left atrial strain in the contraction phase is a predictor of AF occurrence in HTN patients over 55 years old depends on. The chances of AF detecting in these patients increase by 3,122 9,21127,171 times (p < 0,001), if the left atrial strain in the contraction phase is below 13%.Conclusions. The left atrial strain in HTN patients with paroxysmal AF are significantly lower than in patients without cardiac arrhythmias independently of age and the left ventricular state. The left atrial contraction strain ≤ 13% is a predictor of the detection of AF paroxysms during 24-hour Holter monitoring in HTN patients aged 55 years and older.
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Zbitnieva, V. O., O. B. Voloshyna, I. V. Balashova, O. R. Dukova, and I. S. Lysyi. "Incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID-19 infection according to 24-hour electrocardiogram monitoring." Zaporozhye Medical Journal 23, no. 6 (October 29, 2021): 759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2021.6.239243.
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Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID-19 infection may be due to many pathophysiological factors. Further study on the structure of arrhythmias in this category of patients will reveal clinically significant arrhythmias and select the optimal management. The aim: to determine the features of arrhythmias in patients with and without concomitant cardiovascular disease who suffered from COVID-19 infection based on the results of 24-hour electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. Materials and methods. 84 patients (45 men – 53.5 %, 39 women – 46.5 %) who had COVID-19 infection over 12 weeks previously were examined. Patients were divided into 2 groups – with and without a history of concomitant cardiovascular disease. The patient groups did not differ in age (P = 0.33) and sex (P = 0.58, P = 0.64). 24-hour ECG monitoring was performed on a Cardiosens K device (XAI-MEDICA, Kharkiv) according to the standard method. Results. Comparison of 12-channel ECG data did not reveal a significant difference in the incidence of single atrial (P = 0.13) and ventricular extrasystoles (P = 0.37) between the two groups, but sinus tachycardia was significantly more common in patients without concomitant cardiovascular disease (P = 0.022). According to 24-hour ECG monitoring, a significantly higher total number of arrhythmias, in particular, supraventricular extrasystoles (P = 0.009), high gradations of ventricular arrhythmias: paired ventricular extrasystoles (P = 0.041), ventricular bigeminy (P = 0.005), ventricular trigeminy (P = 0.004), ventricular salvos (P = 0.017) were detected significantly more frequently in patients with concomitant cardiovascular disease after COVID-19 infection than those in the comparison group. The results of 24-hour ECG monitoring also showed that patients without cardiovascular disease were significantly more likely to have inappropriate sinus tachycardia (P = 0.03) and postural orthostatic tachycardia (P = 0.04). Paroxysmal arrhythmias were significantly more common in patients with concomitant cardiovascular pathology, namely unstable (P = 0.002) and stable paroxysms of atrial tachycardia (P = 0.014), unstable paroxysms of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (8.3 %), paroxysms of atrial fibrillation (6.2 %). Conclusions. 24-hour ECG monitoring should be advised in patients with COVID-19 infection and concomitant cardiovascular disease in addition to recording a standard 12-channel ECG to detect prognostically unfavorable cardiac arrhythmias, possible arrhythmogenic manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome and choose management tactics for these patients.
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Perera, M. K., R. Carter, R. Goonewardene, and K. N. Mendis. "Transient increase in circulating gamma/delta T cells during Plasmodium vivax malarial paroxysms." Journal of Experimental Medicine 179, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.179.1.311.
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The percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) bearing the CD3+ phenotype and the alpha/beta and gamma/delta T cell receptors (TCR) in PBMC were examined in Plasmodium vivax malaria patients and convalescents. The cells were labeled with monoclonal antibodies, stained with either fluorescence or phycoerythrin, and examined by ultraviolet (UV) microscopy. A highly significant increase in both the proportion and the absolute numbers of gamma/delta T cells (p < 0.005 and < 0.001, respectively, Student's t test) was observed in nonimmune P. vivax patients during clinical paroxysms compared to nonmalarial controls. These T cells, which normally constitute not more than 3-5% of PBMC, constituted < or = to 30% of PBMC during paroxysms in these nonimmune patients in whom the clinical symptoms were severe. A less significant increase of gamma/delta T cells were also observed in these nonimmune patients during infection, between paroxysms and during convalescence. In contrast, in an age-matched group of semi-immune patients resident in a malaria-endemic region of the country, in whom the clinical disease was comparatively mild, there was no increase in gamma/delta T cells either during infection, even during paroxysms, or convalescence. The severity of disease symptoms in patients as measured by a clinical score correlated positively with the proportion of gamma/delta T cells in peripheral blood (r = 0.53, p < 0.01), the most significant correlation being found between the prevalence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, nausea, anorexia, and vomiting, and the proportion of gamma/delta T cells (r = 0.49, p = 0.002). These findings suggest that gamma/delta T cells have a role to play in the pathogenesis of malaria, possibly in the general constitutional disturbances and particularly in gastrointestinal pathology in malaria.
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Grisar, Th, B. Lakaye, and E. Thomas. "Molecular basis of neuronal biorhythms and paroxysms." Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry 104, no. 6 (January 1996): 770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/apab.104.6.770.12915.
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Steriade, Mircea, and Florin Amzica. "Intracellular Study of Excitability in the Seizure-Prone Neocortex In Vivo." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 3108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3108.
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The excitability of neocortical neurons from cat association areas 5–7 was investigated during spontaneously occurring seizures with spike-wave (SW) complexes at 2–3 Hz. We tested the antidromic and orthodromic responsiveness of neocortical neurons during the “spike” and “wave” components of SW complexes, and we placed emphasis on the dynamics of excitability changes from sleeplike patterns to seizures. At the resting membrane potential, an overwhelming majority of neurons displayed seizures over a depolarizing envelope. Cortical as well as thalamic stimuli triggered isolated paroxysmal depolarizing shifts (PDSs) that eventually developed into SW seizures. PDSs could also be elicited by cortical or thalamic volleys during the wave-related hyperpolarization of neurons, but not during the spike-related depolarization. The latencies of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) progressively decreased, and their slope and depolarization surface increased, from the control period preceding the seizure to the climax of paroxysm. Before the occurrence of full-blown seizures, thalamic stimuli evoked PDSs arising from the postinhibitory rebound excitation, whereas cortical stimuli triggered PDSs immediately after the early EPSP. These data shed light on the differential excitability of cortical neurons during the spike and wave components of SW seizures, and on the differential effects of cortical and thalamic volleys leading to such paroxysms. We conclude that the wave-related hyperpolarization does not represent GABA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), and we suggest that it is a mixture of disfacilitation and Ca2+-dependent K+ currents, similar to the prolonged hyperpolarization of the slow sleep oscillation.
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Gedevani, E., G. Kopeiko, O. Borisova, A. Iznak, and P. Orekhova. "Clinical case of religious delusion in a combination of schizoaffective disorder and epilepsy." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1822.
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Introduction Despite existing observations of religious delusions in epilepsy in classical psychiatric literature, such clinical cases are rare in current practice. Objectives To reveal features of disease progression, interference of combined mental pathology, treatment specifics, markers of possible harmful behavior. Methods Psychopathological, Multichannel eyes closed resting EEG in interictal period. Results Patient N, 39 years old, manifested her illness at age 13 with affective bipolar disorder; phases lasted several months each. From age 19, rare recurrent generalized convulsive paroxysms preceded by an aura; non-convulsive paroxysms were observed. The patient was uncritical of paroxysms and discontinued anticonvulsive therapy. At age 29 and 30 she suffered two psychotic attacks (lasting several weeks) with sensory delusions of meaning, staging, persecution, megalomaniacal ideas of apocalyptic content (ideas that she was responsible for possible outbreak of nuclear war, coming of the Apocalypse, her son was the antichrist). Delusional behavior (tried to take the naked infant out into the cold, throwing him out of the window). Anticonvulsive therapy accompanied by antipsychotic medications. Schizoaffective disorder and epilepsy diagnosed. From age 35, acute psychotic attacks with apocalyptic delirium preceded by the same aura lasted maximum one day, followed by partial amnesia. Epileptiform polyspikes (up to 150 μV) registered in the right temporal-central EEG leads. Conclusions Presence of religious delusion in combined schizoaffective disorder and epilepsy, requires special approach: combination of anticonvulsants and antipsychotics. Religiosity of patient should be taken into account as well. Disclosure No significant relationships.