Journal articles: 'Parole Officers'

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Chamberlain, Alyssa W., Matthew Gricius, Danielle M. Wallace, Diana Borjas, and Vincent M. Ware. "Parolee–Parole Officer Rapport: Does It Impact Recidivism?" International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 3581–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17741593.

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Parole officers are an integral part of parolees’ reentry process and success. Few studies, however, have examined whether the quality of the relationship between parolees and their parole officer influences outcomes such as recidivism. This study assesses how recidivism is affected by the quality of the relationship that parolees have with their parole officers. Using the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) dataset, we use parolees’ perceptions of their relationship with their parole officer to determine whether they have established a positive or negative relationship, and whether these types of relationships differentially affect recidivism. Results show that parolees who have a negative relationship with their parole officer have higher rates of recidivism, while a positive relationship lowers parolees’ likelihood of recidivating. An implication of this study emphasizes parole officer training that develops positive, high-quality relationships with parolees. Further implications are discussed below.

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Meredith, Tammy, John C. Speir, and Sharon Johnson. "Developing and Implementing Automated Risk Assessments in Parole." Justice Research and Policy 9, no. 1 (June 2007): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3818/jrp.9.1.2007.1.

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This article describes the efforts undertaken during the past five years for the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles to develop a method for assessing parolee risk to inform the supervision level assignments of Georgia's 23,000 active parolees. The project resulted in an actuarial risk assessment method based on the analysis of over 6,000 parolees. Historically, officers conducted pencil-and-paper assessments on all new parolees entering supervision and reassessments every six months thereafter. The new instruments are automated—offender risk is derived through the execution of computerized programs that access both prison and parole data systems. Parolee risk scores are updated daily, incorporating the dynamics of daily correctional supervision progress or failure, and are provided to parole officers through web-based reports and e-mail.

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Cnaan, Ram A., and Kelsey Woida. "Power, anxiety, and relationships between returning citizens and parole officers." Journal of Social Work 20, no. 5 (May 30, 2019): 576–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017319852692.

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Summary This study evaluates the relationships between parole officers and ex-prisoners, who return to communities after incarceration (returning citizens). We measured returning citizens’ anxiety about meeting their parole officers and the ways in which they prepare for their meetings. We relate anxiety levels to developing a therapeutic alliance, client confidence that their parole officer is working in their best interest, client truthfulness about their housing and work status, and client optimism about their reentry process. To measure returning citizen anxiety and experience with parole officers, we carried out a survey of returning citizens (N = 193) in Philadelphia just before they were to meet their parole officers. Findings The results illuminate the ways that anxiety has significant negative impact on the quality of the working relationship between returning citizens and their parole officers but not precautionary behaviors. Returning citizens who reported higher anxiety prior to meeting their parole officer tend to report lower therapeutic alliance, less confidence that the parole officer works on their behalf, and less truthfulness. Implications Our findings provide more insight into what needs and challenges people on parole and probation face and outline new ideas about which of these factors parole officers should attend to in order to improve the services they provide. We call for parole officers to be cognizant of the anxiety that people under probation face and the need to make them feel supported and at ease. We also call for social workers in most countries to take a more active role in the provision of parole and probation services.

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Denney, Andrew S., Allen Copenhaver, and Angie Schwendau. "Predicting Health and Wellness Outcomes for Probation and Parole Officers: An Exploratory Study." Criminal Justice Policy Review 31, no. 4 (August 24, 2019): 573–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403419870850.

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Probation and parole research in the late 1980s and early 1990s explored the negative health and wellness effects that officers may experience. However, little current research exists on health and wellness outcomes for probation and parole officers. Furthermore, little research has been conducted on the factors that may predict health and wellness for probation and parole officers. This study provides survey results of 342 probation and parole officers working for one probation and parole department in a southern U.S. state. Binary logistic regression results reveal officer age and tobacco use are significant predictors of officer injury. Moreover, sex, alcohol use, fast food consumption, sleep, and feeling in control of one’s job are significant predictors of self-reported officer depression. Policy implications for the above-mentioned findings and future directions for research are also discussed.

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LINDQUIST, CHARLES A., and JOHN T. WHITEHEAD. "Correctional Officers as Parole Officers." Criminal Justice and Behavior 13, no. 2 (June 1986): 197–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854886013002005.

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Abdul Latib, Mohamad Fauzi, and Fauzana Zaik. "ELEMEN KEBERKESANAN SISTEM PAROL DALAM MENANGANI FENOMENA RESIDIVISME DALAM KALANGAN ORANG YANG DIPAROL (ODP)." Asian People Journal (APJ) 6, no. 1 (April 27, 2023): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/apj.2023.6.1.404.

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Abstract: Various approaches have been carried out by the Malaysian Prisons Department as an institution specifically responsible for the rehabilitation of prisoners to assist in rebuilding themselves so that they can play a role in society again whether as husband, wife, father, mother, child, employee and others. Among the approaches that have been introduced by the Malaysian Prisons Department is the Parole System which plays an important role in ensuring that prisoners who are released on parole can return to society as a useful person. The main objective of this research is to identify the key elements to the effectiveness of the implementation of the Parole System in dealing with the phenomenon of recidivism among Parolees (ODP). This research is a qualitative research that uses a case study approach through in-depth interviews. This research was conducted in two Terengganu District Parole Offices, namely the Kuala Terengganu District Parole Office and the Hulu Terengganu District Parole Office. This research involved in-depth interviews with 13 parolees (ODP) as research respondents. Sample selection was done through purposive sampling techniques and the data obtained was analyzed using thematic analysis. The research results found that there are 4 main elements to the effectiveness of the implementation of the Parole System in dealing with the phenomenon of recidivism among OPDs, namely, the implementation of regular urine tests, monitoring, moral support from parole officers and drug prevention education programs. Keywords: Elements of Effectiveness; Parole System; Recidivism Phenomenon; Paroled Persons Abstrak: Pelbagai pendekatan telah dilakukan oleh Jabatan Penjara Malaysia sebagai institusi bertanggungjawab secara khusus dalam pemulihan banduan untuk membantu dalam membina kembali diri mereka agar dapat berperanan semula dalam masyarakat sama ada sebagai suami, isteri, ayah, ibu, anak, pekerja dan lain-lain. Antara pendekatan yang telah diperkenalkan oleh pihak Jabatan Penjara Malaysia iaitu Sistem Parol yang memainkan peranan penting dalam memastikan banduan yang dibebaskan secara parol dapat kembali ke pangkuan masyarakat sebagai seseorang yang berguna. Objektif utama penyelidikan ini adalah mengenal pasti elemen utama kepada keberkesanan perlaksanaan Sistem Parol dalam menangani fenomena residivisme dalam kalangan Orang yang DiParol (ODP). Penyelidikan ini merupakan penyelidikan kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes melalui kaedah temu bual mendalam. Penyelidikan ini telah dijalankan di dua buah Pejabat Parol Daerah Negeri Terengganu iaitu Pejabat Parol Daerah Kuala Terengganu dan Pejabat Parol Daerah Hulu Terengganu. Penyelidikan ini melibatkan temu bual mendalam terhadap 13 orang yang diparol (ODP) sebagai responden penyelidikan. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan melalui teknik persampelan bertujuan dan data yang diperolehi telah dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penyelidikan mendapati bahawa terdapat 4 elemen utama kepada keberkesanan perlaksanaan Sistem Parol dalam menangani fenomena residivisme dalam kalangan OPD iaitu, perlaksanaan ujian air kencing secara berkala, pemantauan, sokongan moral dari pegawai parol dan program pendidikan pencegahan dadah. Kata kunci: Elemen Keberkesanan; Sistem Parol; Fenomena Residivisme; Orang yang DiParol

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FULTON, BETSY, AMY STICHMAN, LAWRENCE TRAVIS, and EDWARD LATESSA. "Moderating Probation and Parole Officer Attitudes to Achieve Desired Outcomes." Prison Journal 77, no. 3 (September 1997): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855597077003005.

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Much has been written about officer role orientations in probation and parole and about principles of effective correctional intervention, but little research adequately reflects the importance of linking these two discussions. The present study on officer attitudes provides a first step toward making this link. An officer attitude survey was conducted with both regular and intensive supervision officers at two different program sites. Each site recently implemented a prototypical model of intensive supervision that encourages a balanced approach to supervision and is based on principles of effective correctional intervention. Prior to implementation, the intensive supervision officers at each site participated in comprehensive training and development activities. The primary purpose of this research was to learn the extent to which attitudes of the intensive supervision officers differ from those of regular supervision officers—who did not participate in the training and development activities—in terms of their focus and style of supervision. The results suggest that a comprehensive approach to training and development can effectively instill in officers the supervision attitudes that are most conducive to promoting offender change.

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Kim, Bitna, Adam K. Matz, and Selye Lee. "Working Together or Working on the Same Task but Separately? A Comparison of Police Chief and Chief Probation or Parole Officer Perceptions of Partnership." Police Quarterly 20, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 24–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611116657283.

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It remains unclear how pervasive police-community corrections partnerships are, and to what extent they are integrated into routine practice, as well as whether or not police chiefs and chief probation or parole officers within the same jurisdictions perceive them to be effective. The current study enhances our understanding of such partnerships between police and probation or parole. Data were collected through a statewide survey of a random sample of municipal police chiefs and county chief probation or parole officers in Pennsylvania. The primary research questions focus on identifying the following: (a) empirically derived and meaningful patterns of police-community corrections partnerships, (b) a comparison of police chief and chief probation or parole officer perceptions of benefits and problems regarding their partnerships, and (c) the predictors of these perceptions. Results reveal that such partnerships are prevalent, but they are predominantly informal, with formalization largely contingent on the progressiveness of the police chief (i.e., newer police chiefs were more likely to engage in formalized partnerships). Further, the crime prevention and recidivism reduction potential of these partnerships remain unclear from the perspectives of both law enforcement and community supervision leaders. In general, Pennsylvania police chiefs are less favorable to the partnerships than are the chiefs of probation or parole offices, and certain partnership types relate to the negative perceptions of some agency leaders. The implications of the findings reported here for policies, training, and future research are discussed.

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Meredith, Tammy, Shila René Hawk, Sharon Johnson, John P. Prevost, and George Braucht. "What Happens in Home Visits? Examining a Key Parole Activity." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 601–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820910173.

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Home visits provide a space for officer–supervisee encounters. However, little is known about the dynamics of home visits and their association with supervision outcomes. This study examines the context, content, and role of home visits in parole. Home visits are described using systematic observation data of officer-initiated contacts ( N = 383). The average visit included only those on parole, inside a single-family home, lasted 8 minutes, was conducive to discussions, and covered rules and needs topics. A separate agency records dataset ( N = 26,878) was used to estimate Cox hazard models. Findings suggest that each visit is related to reduced risk of a new felony arrest or a revocation, controlling for criminogenic factors and supervision activities. Risk was further associated with a reduction if officers engaged in mixed-topic discussions (rules and needs). Home visits can enable officers to help people on parole successfully navigate the challenges of reentry.

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Zarkasi, Moch Fauzan, Nur Azisa, and Haeranah Haeranah. "Implications of Renewal System of Criminal Justice Based on the Principles of Restorative Justice on The Role of Probation and Parole Officer." Khazanah Hukum 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/kh.v4i1.17354.

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In Indonesia, criminal law reform is manifested in plans to amend several laws and regulations, including the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, and the Correctional Law. In addition, several criminal justice sub-systems have issued policy regulations that put forward the principle of penal mediation to accommodate the limitations or shortcomings of formal criminal law in resolving criminal cases. These various steps of change put forward a value known as restorative justice. The concept of restorative justice, which contains two main principles, namely participation, and recovery, always requires the role of Probation and Parole Officer as stated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The formulation of the following research problem is how the implications of reforming the criminal justice system based on the principles of restorative justice on the role of the Probation and Parole Officers. The purpose of this study was to determine the projected implications of reforming the criminal justice system based on the principles of restorative justice on the role of Probation and Parole Officers. This research is descriptive normative legal research. The results of the study indicate that Probation and Parole Officers have the potential to obtain strengthening of duties and functions in particular from the three main aspects of reform, namely strengthening alternative disposal, the existence of sentencing guidelines, as well as supervision and guidance in the implementation of various types of punishments and treatments. The expansion of these tasks and functions indicates the urgency of optimizing the fulfillment of technical and facilitative needs for the Probation and Parole Officers.

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Jones, Natalie J., Shelley L. Brown, and Edward Zamble. "Predicting Criminal Recidivism in Adult Male Offenders." Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, no. 8 (May 14, 2010): 860–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854810368924.

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In an attempt to bridge the gap between research and practice in the domain of criminal risk assessment, this study compared the predictive accuracy of dynamic risk assessments attained via an exhaustive research protocol to that achieved by the proxy ratings generated by parole officers. After an initial prerelease assessment, 127 male offenders under community supervision in Ontario, Canada, were assessed by parole officers and researchers at three different intervals (i.e., 1, 3, and 6 months postrelease). Cox regression survival analyses with time-dependent covariates and receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed moderate to high levels of predictive accuracy in both research-based and parole officer ratings (area under the curve [AUC] = .79 and .76, respectively). The strongest prediction model combined the research-based time-dependent dynamic factors with static items (AUC = .86), thus offering provisional support for the inclusion of prospectively rated dynamic factors in risk assessment protocols.

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Johnson, Ida M. "Women Parolees’ Perceptions of Parole Experiences and Parole Officers." American Journal of Criminal Justice 40, no. 4 (December 23, 2014): 785–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12103-014-9284-0.

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Rhineberger-Dunn, Gayle, Kristin Y. Mack, and Kimberly M. Baker. "Comparing Demographic Factors, Background Characteristics, and Workplace Perceptions as Predictors of Burnout Among Community Corrections Officers." Criminal Justice and Behavior 44, no. 2 (September 24, 2016): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854816666583.

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The purpose of this article was to explore the association between demographic and background characteristics, as well as workplace perceptions that may predict burnout among two connected groups of community corrections officers. Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, we assessed whether burnout differed between probation/parole and residential officers and analyzed whether predictors of burnout varied across these two groups. Our results indicated that while probation/parole officers were more likely to report Emotional Exhaustion, they were not any more or less likely to experience Depersonalization or Personal Accomplishment. In addition, educational training had a stronger impact for residential officers, while schedule fit was more important for probation/parole officers, when predicting Personal Accomplishment. These results not only extended the existing research on burnout but also helped inform key correctional stakeholders about what policies and practices were working well, as well as indicated potential areas of change to help minimize burnout among staff.

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Mkisi, Norbert. "Decision-Making for Prisoners Considered for Parole: A Case Study of Prisons In Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Sociology 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tajoso.v8i2.100.

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This article examines the decision-making of the parole system in Tanzania, and how such decisions grant some prisoners’ parole but deny others. The study was conducted from June to August 2018. It used to examine the criteria used to deny parole to 691 out of 5773 prisoners who were considered for parole between August 1999 and March 2018.The study was conducted at Ukonga, Keko, and Segerea Prisons, Dar es Salaam Region. The study utilized structural functionalism and focal concern theories. The study employed a qualitative research approach and exploratory research design. The research participants included regional and national parole boards, secretariats to the parole boards, officers’ in-charge of prisons, parole officers, and the prisoners who had been denied parole while still in prisons. The findings suggest that parole boards and decision makers used criteria other than those in legal instruments to deny parole to prisoners. The criteria included change of offenses contrary to court sentences, subjective perception, and negative attitude on some offenses as well as victims’ opinions. It is recommended that there is a need for further studies to analyze parole needs, and the law should be amended to minimize powers given to certain levels of the system in making overriding decisions on parole.

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Saefudin, Wahyu, Nasirudin Nasirudin, and Darmalingganawati Darmalingganawati. "The Urgency of Voluntary Probation and Parole Officer in Criminal Justice System in Indonesia." Journal of Correctional Issues 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52472/jci.v6i2.364.

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The role of Probation Officers in the criminal justice system in Indonesia has become increasingly significant following the enactment of Law No. 11/2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System Law, particularly in terms of guidance and supervision closely correlated with the success rate in the reintegration process of former inmates. However, based on the Prison Database System, the number of PKs in Indonesia still needs to be ideal. The ideal ratio of Probation Officers to clients handled is 9,975, but as of November 2023, only 2,851 Probation Officers positions have been filled, resulting in a deficit of 7,124 officers. This research aims to understand the urgency of appointing voluntary probation officers, analyze the practices of voluntary probation officers in other countries, and project the mechanisms for criteria, appointment procedures, task implementation, and working relationships of voluntary probation officers. The method employed is a literature review involving collecting, evaluating, and synthesizing existing knowledge from various written sources to support or provide a basis for the ongoing research. This research indicates that forming voluntary Probation Officers is an alternative solution to meet staffing needs. Additionally, the establishment of the position of voluntary Probation Officer aligns with Government Regulation No. 31/1999 regarding the Development and Guidance of Inmates, which outlines the procedures and requirements for the establishment of voluntary Probation Officers. In practice, voluntary Probation Officers, also known globally as Volunteer Probation Officers (VPO), in Japan have been deemed successful due to their financial efficiency and service effectiveness. In conclusion, establishing voluntary Probation Officers is an alternative solution that the Ministry of Law and Human Rights should promptly realize. Moreover, the successful practices of voluntary probation officers in various countries, including Japan, can guide the design of policies that encompass criteria, procedures, rights, and responsibilities.

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Schwalbe, Craig S. J., and Deborah Koetzle. "What the COVID-19 Pandemic Teaches About the essential Practices of Community Corrections and Supervision." Criminal Justice and Behavior 48, no. 9 (June 2, 2021): 1300–1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00938548211019073.

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The COVID-19 pandemic occurred in the midst of a reform movement in probation and parole supervision in the United States. Because social distancing orders created significant disruptions in probation and parole, the pandemic provides an opportunity to explore the innovative ways that probation and parole officers adjusted their supervision strategies with clients. We surveyed probation and parole officers in the United States ( N = 1,054; 65% female, 66% probation) in May–June 2020 about the supervision strategies they used with people on their caseloads before and immediately after the pandemic’s onset. Data indicate that overall rates of contact did not change, but that in-person contacts were replaced with remote communication strategies. Client access to electronic communication platforms, especially video conferencing, facilitated more frequent contact and more reliance on behavioral tactics and treatment-oriented case management approaches in the post-COVID period. Results reveal the potential role for video conferencing as an integral element of probation and parole reform.

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Steiner, Benjamin, Lawrence F. Travis, and Matthew D. Makarios. "Understanding Parole Officers’ Responses to Sanctioning Reform." Crime & Delinquency 57, no. 2 (August 14, 2009): 222–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128709343141.

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Syamsulang, S., and М. Huzaini. "Does the parole program affect recidivism? Qualitative Analysis in Malaysia." Russian Journal of Economics and Law 17, no. 2 (June 16, 2023): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2023.2.385-395.

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Objective: the objective of this study is to identify the critical factors that present challenges and opportunities for parolees in Malaysia to avoid committing repeated crimes and reduce recidivism.Methods: the study employs a qualitative approach, using face-to-face interviews with prison officers in the state of Pahang, Malaysia, to gather data. Content analysis is used to analyse the data and identify the critical factors for parole activities in Malaysia.Results: the study identified five crucial factors that affect parole activities in Malaysia: individuals, families, communities, private institutions, and government policies. Individuals refer to the characteristics and behavior of the parolee, while families and communities relate to the support and involvement of the parolee’s family and community in the rehabilitation process. Private institutions, such as Intermediate Houses and Corporate Smart Internship (CSI), can provide support and resources for parolees, and effective government policies and practices can ensure successful reintegration into society. Further studies could investigate the specific ways in which these factors influence parole activities in Malaysia and explore best practices for reducing recidivism rates.Scientific novelty: this study contributes to the literature on parole activities in Malaysia by identifying critical factors that can impact the success of the parole system in reducing recidivism. The study provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by parolees in Malaysia.Practical significance: the findings of this study can be used by the Malaysian Prisons Department to develop effective strategies and policies to reduce recidivism rates and improve the success of the parole system. The study can also be used by other countries with similar parole systems to identify critical factors that impact the success of their parole programs.

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Jannata, Yasmin Azzhara, and Eko Rizqi Purwo Widodo. "The Role Of Parole Officer For Clients In Probation Office In A Systematic Literature Review (Slr)." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 8, no. 3 (November 25, 2024): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v8i3.10092.

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This study aims to classify topics and concepts related to the research on the role of Community Counselors on Clients in Correctional Centers. Through descriptive analysis using Vosviewer and Nvivo-12 plus software, 286 Scopus indexed articles published by major publishers such as Emerald, MDPI, Sage, ScienceDirect, Springer, Taylor, Francis, and others were obtained. This research shows 50 concepts and is categorized into 11 groups. The dominant themes in the articles are Probation, Prison Officers, Parole Officer, Social Work, Probation Officers, Community Correctional Practices, Parole System, Core Correctional Practices, Community Correction, Rehabilitation, Probation Conditions. It is expected to help future researchers to develop this study. This method uses PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The role of community supervisors and correctional centers in each article taken from the Scopus database has almost the same results from each country. There is no comparison and further research needs to use a comparative analysis approach involving the Scopus and Web of Sciences (WoS) databases and use later years' articles.

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Rhineberger-Dunn, Gayle, and Kristin Yagla Mack. "Impact of Workplace Factors on Role-Related Stressors and Job Stress Among Community Corrections Staff." Criminal Justice Policy Review 30, no. 8 (July 15, 2018): 1204–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403418787227.

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Community corrections staff are responsible for supervising more than 4 million offenders nationwide; yet, little research exists on understanding their experiences with role-related stressors and job stress. The purpose of this study was to extend the existing community corrections literature by examining the impact of job characteristics, danger-related factors, and role preference on role-related stressors (i.e., role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload) and job stress, with a focus on determining whether the relationships varied across specific job positions (i.e., probation/parole vs. residential). Results indicated that each type of role-related stressor was differentially affected by job characteristics, danger-related factors, and role preference, and that these relationships also differed by position. Threat of harm was a significant predictor of each type of role-related stressor for probation/parole officers, but only had a significant effect on role overload for residential officers. Furthermore, safety training had significant effects on role ambiguity and role overload for residential officers, but was not a significant predictor of any role stressor for probation/parole officers. Role preference was significant for both positions, but only for the role overload variable. Most surprisingly, the only variable to predict job stress was role overload.

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Norman, Mark, and Rosemary Ricciardelli. "“It’s Pure Chaos Every Day”: COVID-19 and the work of Canadian federal institutional parole officers." European Journal of Probation 14, no. 1 (December 4, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20662203211056487.

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As the Canadian federal correctional system grappled with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, institutional parole officers, who play a central role in prisoners’ case management team, remained essential service providers. Working in uncertain circumstances, these correctional workers navigated new and rapidly changing protocols and risks, while attempting to continue to provide support to those on their caseloads. Based on semi-structured interviews with 96 institutional parole officers, conducted after Canada’s “first wave” of COVID-19 infections, we analyze three ways in which their work was impacted by the pandemic: shifting workloads, routines, and responsibilities; increased workloads due to decarceration (i.e., efforts to reduce the number of incarcerated individuals); and the navigation of new forms of risk and uncertainty. This study advances the understanding of stress and risk in probation and parole work and presents recommendations to ameliorate the occupational stresses experienced by correctional workers during and beyond COVID-19.

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Kerbs, John J., Mark Jones, and Jennifer M. Jolley. "Discretionary Decision Making by Probation and Parole Officers." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 25, no. 4 (August 21, 2009): 424–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986209344556.

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Quinn, James F., and Larry A. Gould. "The Prioritization of Treatment among Texas Parole Officers." Prison Journal 83, no. 3 (September 2003): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885503256328.

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Tahamata, Yuniati Maryana. "PENGAWASAN KEPADA KLIEN PEMASYARAKATAN (Tantangan dan Alternatif Penyelesaian)." Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 5, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ls.v5i1.3586.

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This study aims to determine the implementation of the supervision of prisoners on parole by the Community Guide. This research used descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation and supported by literature studies. A prisoner undergoing parole needs to be supervised to ensure that there is no violation of the provisions of the guidance contract agreed upon by the client and the community advisor at the beginning of the mentoring period. Community Advisors as law enforcement officials are tasked with carrying out this supervision. In its implementation, there are several obstacles experienced by community counselors related to the background and competence of officers, high workloads, and coordination between community counselors and law enforcement officials. Community involvement strongly supports the successful achievement of program objectives because parole is implemented in the community. Analysis of the needs of community counselors is also needed to increase the effectiveness and professionalism of officers.

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Gough, Dennis. "Probation in the Republic of Korea: A compressed journey to public protection." Probation Journal 58, no. 4 (December 2011): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550511422738.

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In 2009 the South Korean probation and parole service celebrated its 20th year. This short review details the rapid organizational expansion and cultural change within South Korea’s probation and parole service. It highlights how policy transfer and the politicization of crime is currently shaping the work of probation officers into what can be described as a compressed journey into an organization dominated by its public protection remit.

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Rudes, Danielle S. "Getting technical: parole officers' continued use of technical violations under California's parole reform agenda." Journal of Crime and Justice 35, no. 2 (July 2012): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2012.677572.

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Carleton, R. Nicholas, Rosemary Ricciardelli, Tamara Taillieu, Meghan M. Mitchell, Elizabeth Andres, and Tracie O. Afifi. "Provincial Correctional Service Workers: The Prevalence of Mental Disorders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072203.

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Correctional service employees in Ontario, Canada (n = 1487) began an online survey available from 2017 to 2018 designed to assess the prevalence and correlates of mental health challenges. Participants who provided data for the current study (n = 1032) included provincial staff working in institutional wellness (e.g., nurses) (n = 71), training (e.g., program officers) (n = 26), governance (e.g., superintendents) (n = 82), correctional officers (n = 553), administration (e.g., record keeping) (n = 25), and probation officers (n = 144, parole officers). Correctional officers, workers in institutional administration and governance positions, and probation officers reported elevated risk for mental disorders, most notably posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder. Among institutional correctional staff, 61.0% of governance employees, 59.0% of correctional officers, 43.7% of wellness staff, 50.0% of training staff, and 52.0% of administrative staff screened positive for one or more mental disorders. In addition, 63.2% of probation officers screened positive for one or more mental disorders. Women working as correctional officers were more likely to screen positive than men (p < 0.05). Across all correctional occupational categories positive screens for each disorder were: 30.7% for PTSD, 37.0% for major depressive disorder, 30.5% for generalized anxiety disorder, and 58.2% for one or more mental disorders. Participants between ages 40 and 49 years, working in institutional governance, as an institutional correctional officer, or as a probational officer, separated or divorced, were all factors associated (p < 0.05) with screening positive for one or more mental disorders. The prevalence of mental health challenges for provincial correctional workers appears to be higher than federal correctional workers in Canada and further supports the need for evidence-based mental health solutions.

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Kras, Kimberly R. "Can Social Support Overcome the Individual and Structural Challenges of Being a Sex Offender? Assessing the Social Support-Recidivism Link." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18784191.

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Social support is important for individual’s successful reentry; however, little is known about how it operates or is influenced by individual and structural factors. Understanding how social support matters for individuals convicted of a sex offense is especially important as they may have a different reentry experience due to the nature of their crime and post-conviction restrictions. This study examines the nature and effects of instrumental and expressive social support from family, friends, intimate partners, and parole officers on recidivism for a sample of men convicted of sex offenses using mixed methods. Results show that family, friend, and intimate partner support had no effects on recidivism, however participants reporting a positive relationship with their parole officer were more likely to return to prison. Qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews sheds light on how the nature of these relationships might explain the social support-recidivism link in a high stakes population.

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Paparozzi, Mario A., and Roger Guy. "Everything That Is Old Is New Again—Old Again—New Again . . ." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 34, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986217752160.

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Since the decade of the 1970s, the policies and practices in probation, parole, and community corrections have vacillated between an emphasis on rehabilitation and enforcement, and most recently back to rehabilitation. While these paradigmatic shifts in ideology are driven by top management, generally at the behest of elected officials who are concerned with burgeoning costs and the desire not to appear soft on crime, it is what is done in everyday practice at the “street level” that determines if change actually occurs and is interpreted. This essay discusses probation and parole practices with regard to fluctuations in emphasis on the offender rehabilitation and law enforcement functions of probation and parole officers.

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Steiner, Benjamin, Lawrence F. Travis, Matthew D. Makarios, and Taylor Brickley. "The Influence of Parole Officers’ Attitudes on Supervision Practices." Justice Quarterly 28, no. 6 (December 2011): 903–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2010.539246.

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Marko, Karoline, Anouschka Foltz, Katharina Haslacher, and Gareth Hall. "‘She called me a name that I didn’t like’." International Journal of Speech, Language and the Law 30, no. 2 (December 19, 2023): 183–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.24219.

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In parole hearings, prison inmates are questioned to ascertain whether they can be considered rehabilitated and return to the community or whether they still pose a danger and should remain incarcerated. As such, parole hearings are complex discursive events in which the prisoner must negotiate their identity in conversation with parole officers. The data for this study comprises 17 transcripts of the parole hearings of Winston Moseley, one of the longest-serving inmates in the state of New York. The analysis aims to highlight how Moseley represents his responsibility in the crimes he committed, how he expresses remorse, insight and apologies, and how he portrays his rehabilitated self. The study shows that, even though Moseley’s focus is on the change and development of his personality, the linguistic strategies he uses to talk about his responsibility and how he expresses remorse remain obscure.

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Guy, Roger. "Cleaning up after the Mess: The Individual-Community Nexus in Correctional Rehabilitation." Journal of Applied Social Science 3, no. 2 (September 2009): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193672440900300202.

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The population of America's local, state, and federal prisons increased by nearly 340 percent between 1980 and 2005 (Paparozzi and Demichele 2008). Much of this increase reflects policy intended to get tough on criminals by locking them up longer and removing discretionary power of judges. Therefore, community corrections (i.e., probation and parole) have assumed increased attention recently as more prisoners are diverted and placed on probation and others are released through mandatory parole. One of the most measurable goals of community corrections is a reduction in recidivism. Much of what works today has its origins in symbolic interaction theory. Most social learning occurs through what Albert Bandura referred to as “observational learning.” One component of this approach as applied to community corrections involves parole officers modeling behavior for the offender. Research has shown us that successful modeling requires skill on the part of parole officers in order for the process of observational learning to occur. The second component in therapeutic intervention in corrections is that the client/offender must have the opportunity to reinforce the new behavior. Research suggests that this “role playing” should occur in a nonthreatening environment, with the offender receiving reinforcement for positive prosocial/noncriminal behavior and immediate disapproval for antisocial behavior. Finally, this paper will propose an integrative approach for prisoner reentry that extends this process of resocialization to include broader involvement of social institutions and the community.

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Lord, Stéphanie, Chloé Leclerc, Marion Vacheret, Marianne Quirouette, and João Velloso. "Choosing Prison over Parole: Factors Associated with Prisoners’ Decision to Waive Their Conditional Release Hearing." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 63, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2021): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0004.

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Parole review waivers have serious implications on correctional systems, prisoners’ rehabilitation, and public safety. However, studies on this topic are scarce, have limited scopes and methodologies, and lack in-depth analysis about women and Indigenous people. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of prisoners who forgo parole review. Quebec’s correctional services provided us with the correctional records of all parole-eligible prisoners in the province in 2014–15 (N = 3,675). A sample of men, women, Indigenous people, and non-Indigenous people assessed with the LS/CMI (n = 2,595) was selected. Hierarchical logistic regressions showed that recidivism risk and parole officers’ recommendations for release have a strong statistical relationship with waivers. In addition, Indigenous people are more likely to waive a parole hearing. Moderation analyses also showed that sex and Indigenous ethnicity each moderate the effect of one factor. Results suggest that the combination of statistically significant factors, as represented by recidivism risk, explains waivers better than the specific effects of these factors viewed separately.

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Matz, Adam K., Timothy B. Conley, and Nicole Johanneson. "What do supervision officers do? Adult probation/parole officer workloads in a rural Western state." Journal of Crime and Justice 41, no. 3 (October 9, 2017): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2017.1386119.

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Rhineberger-Dunn, Gayle, and Kristin Y. Mack. "The Impact of Individual Factors, Job Characteristics, and Organizational Variables on Job Stress and Job Satisfaction Among Community Corrections Staff." Criminal Justice Review 45, no. 4 (May 29, 2020): 464–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016820927077.

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Community corrections (e.g., probation, parole, halfway houses) is the largest correctional placement in the United States, yet little research assesses community corrections staff experiences with job stress and job satisfaction. The purpose of this article is to extend the literature on community corrections officers by assessing the influence of individual factors, job characteristics, and organizational variables on both job stress and job satisfaction. In general, we found that the influence of individual factors and job characteristics differed for job stress compared to job satisfaction. Similarly, the impact of organizational factors on these outcomes also differed, although this was contrary to our expectations. Finally, job stress had a negative effect on job satisfaction and organizational factors had a larger impact on both job stress and job satisfaction, compared to individual and job characteristics. Our results provide a number of possible areas for departments to focus on in order to reduce job stress and increase job satisfaction among probation/parole and residential officers.

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Turban, Joseph W. "Can Parole Officers’ Attitudes Regarding Opioid Replacement Therapy be Changed?" Addictive Disorders Their Treatment 11, no. 3 (September 2012): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/adt.0b013e31823a3e1b.

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Cunningham, John A., Marilyn Herie, Garth Martin, and Bonnie J. Turner. "Training Probation and Parole Officers to Provide Substance Abuse Treatment." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 27, no. 1-2 (June 10, 1998): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j076v27n01_12.

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Here, Marilyn, John A. Cunningham, and Garth W. Martin. "Attitudes Toward Substance Abuse Treatment Among Probation and Parole Officers." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 32, no. 1-2 (November 15, 2000): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j076v32n01_08.

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Maupin, James R. "Risk Classification Systems and the Provision of Juvenile Aftercare." Crime & Delinquency 39, no. 1 (January 1993): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039001006.

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Juvenile aftercare decision-making systems that classify parolees according to perceived risk and needs are designed to render uniform the treatment of these individuals by juvenile parole officials. This article analyzes a system implemented by Arizona to determine if the intensity of supervision received by parolees differs as a function of classification score. Supervision of a random sample of 280 parolees was tracked for 90 days. The analysis indicates that intensity of supervision does not differ based on the classification score, suggesting that the instrument does not control the decision making of the street-level bureaucrats, the parole officers.

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Saefudin, Wahyu, and Nasirudin Nasirudin. "IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE BY PROBATION AND PAROLE OFFICERS IN INDONESIA." Journal of Correctional Issues 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52472/jci.v5i1.83.

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The cases enforcement of children in conflict with the law has shifted from retribution to restorative. This policy transformation was in line with the ratification of Act 11/2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, which replaced Act 3/1997 on Juvenile Court. This study aims to examine the role of community mentors in Indonesia, both before and after implementing the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act. This study utilizes a qualitative approach through literature review with primary data originating from legislation, scientific journals, and books then studied systematically and described descriptively. The study results explain that probation and parole officers have a significant role in implementing restorative justice in Indonesia. This role has been proven to reduce the number of child criminals who must end up in prison. This study shows differences in the number of prison sentences for children before and after the enactment of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act. Probation and parole officers are at the forefront of implementing restorative justice in Indonesia through their duties and functions

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Harker, Heather, and Anne Worrall. "From ‘community corrections' to ‘probation and parole’ in Western Australia." Probation Journal 58, no. 4 (December 2011): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550511421517.

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Geographically, Western Australia (WA) is one of the largest and most sparsely populated single jurisdictions in the world. Although much of the work of Community Corrections Officers (CCO) in metropolitan Perth is easily recognizable to offender managers in England and Wales, the state’s Indigenous citizens, many living in remote communities, are hugely over-represented in its prisons and pose particular challenges in respect of community supervision. The de-professionalization of CCO training and their supposed inter-changeability with prison officers led to a service that was in danger of ‘losing its way’ and whose performance was comparing unfavourably with that of other Australian states. This article traces the recent history of the post-Mahoney Report Department of Corrective Services, culminating in a return to the title of ‘Probation and Parole’, and asks whether the lessons learned in WA following this re-professionalizing process might be relevant to other jurisdictions.

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42

Hamin, Zaiton, and Rafizah Abu Hassan. "The Roles and Challenges of Parole Officers in Reintegrating Prisoners into the Community under the Parole System." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 36 (2012): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.036.

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Stone, Rebecca, Merry Morash, Marva Goodson, Sandi Smith, and Jennifer Cobbina. "Women on Parole, Identity Processes, and Primary Desistance." Feminist Criminology 13, no. 4 (September 26, 2016): 382–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085116670004.

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The current study employs a prospective mixed-methods design to examine women parolees’ identities early in their supervision and the association of their identity development at that point to their record of subsequent arrests. Guided by narrative identity theory, we first conduct quantitative analysis of the relationship between redemption and contamination narratives and subsequent arrests. We then return to the qualitative interview data to search for additional explanatory themes that shed further light on women’s identity and desistance from crime. Results indicate that identity verification from parole officers and others increases women’s self-esteem and assists them in overcoming barriers to desistance.

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Hadiwikarta, Apolinaris. "Peranan Hakim Pengawasan dan Pengamat dalam Pelaksanaan Pembebasan Bersyarat di Masa Covid-19." MLJ Merdeka Law Journal 3, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/mlj.v3i1.7926.

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Supervisory judges and observers judges are appointed for two years Specifically to supervise and observe inmates while Serving their sentences in correctional institutions as the implementation of the judge's decision, regarding the behavior of inmates and officers towards the inmates. The granting of parole during the Covid-19 is regulated in the regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia No. 10 of 2020 concerning the Conditions of granting assimilation and integration rights for Convicts and children in the context of preventing and overcoming the spread of covid-19. The legal research used is empirical legal research, means data obtained from Supervisory judges and observers as the first Source through field research, which was carried out by observation. Supervisory judges and observers have no role in the parole process. Policies the implementation of parole during covid-19, Supervisory judges and observers make visits to the class 11 B detention Center to inform the inmates who are eligible to get parole during Covid-19. In carrying out their duties, they cannot work optimally, there are many shortcomings that occur in Various ways that hinder the workDOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/mlj.v3i1.7926

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Steiner, Benjamin, Lawrence F. Travis III, Matthew D. Makarios, and Benjamin Meade. "Short-Term Effects of Sanctioning Reform on Parole Officers' Revocation Decisions." Law & Society Review 45, no. 2 (May 25, 2011): 371–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5893.2011.00440.x.

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46

Sigler, Robert T. "Role conflict for adult probation and parole officers: Fact or myth." Journal of Criminal Justice 16, no. 2 (January 1988): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(88)90004-9.

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Nuridin, Sandugash. "Specific Issues in of Applying Release on Parole in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Theory and Practice." Russian Journal of Criminology 17, no. 2 (May 26, 2023): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2023.17(2).193-205.

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The questions of the theory and practice of applying release on parole or non-application of certain types of punishment to some categories of persons are widely discussed in research publications both in Kazakhstan and abroad. However, an analysis of amendments introduced in Kazakh normative legal acts concerning release on parole (criminal, criminal procedure, penitentiary legislation, normative decrees of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan) reveals some discrepancies that should be corrected. The practice of applying release on parole shows that certain issues require additional legislative regulation with the purpose of eliminating any doubts about the interpretation of the law, which determines the relevance of their research. Frequent changes in legislation cause difficulties for the correct application of these normative legal acts by courts, for example, those connected with the revocation of parole, or annulment of the request for parole, which is what most often happens in practice. The abovementioned legal acts and research publications are used to conduct an analysis of the conditions for the revocation of parole, and then propose changes in Part 7 of Art 72 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is mentioned that the practice of using preventative measures by state, law enforcement bodies and non-governmental organizations is not always effective enough. Due to this, legislation should provide for the measures of its improvement, and a large-scale comprehensive plan for the re-integration of persons released on parole into all spheres of social life should be developed. The author also concludes that it is necessary to introduce certain amendments into the Rules of Monitoring the Behavior of Persons Released on Parole, which will reduce paperwork for the district police inspectors and probation officers.

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Harliyanti, Harliyanti, Ruslan Renggong, and Abd Hamid Haris. "EFEKTIVITAS PERAN PEMBIMBING KEMASYARAKATAN DALAM PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE TERHADAP ANAK PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PADA BALAI PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS I MAKASSAR." Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law 2, no. 2 (January 5, 2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35965/ijlf.v2i2.420.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas peran Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan dalam pelaksanaan restorative justice terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menghambat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Balai Pemasyarakatan Klas I Makassar, dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa penelitian kepustakaan dan studi lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran pembimbing kemasyarakatan dalam penerapan restorative justice, terhadap pendampingan, pembimbingan, Pengawasan anak pelaku tindak pidana belum efektif, disebabkan masih terdapat kendala sehingga perlu dilakukan peningkatan kualitas dalam penerapan restorative justice. Faktor-faktor yang menghambat peran pembimbing kemasyarakatan dalam penerapan restorative justice adalah kurangnya sumber daya manusia pembimbing kemasyarakatan, jangkauan wilayah kerja Bapas, kurangnya sarana dan prasarana, dukungan masyarakat dalam penerapan Restorative Justice, kurangnya partisipasi korban, orang tua dan pelaku, dan lambatnya koordinasi antar lembaga yang menangani masalah anak pelaku tindak pidana. This study aims to determine the role of Parole and Probation Officers in the implementation of restorative justice against children who are dealing with the law and to determine the factors that inhibit the role of social counselors in the implementation of restorative justice against children who commit criminal acts at Bapas Kelas I Makassar. This research was conducted at the Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Makassar, by using data collection techniques in the form of literature research and field studies by conducting direct interviews with relevant parties. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The role of Parole and Probation Officers is very important in the implementation of restorative justice, providing assistance, guidance, supervision as well as conducting research and reporting through (LITMAS) to have a significant influence on children who are dealing with the law and the victims in implementing restorative justice. (2) Coordination between institutions that deal with the problem of children in conflict with the law, limited number of Parole and Probation Officers, incompatible tasks performed with what should be done, lack of understanding from the perpetrators and victims regarding restorative justice manifested in the form of diversion, and determination of agreements on compensation victims who can be accepted by children who are dealing with the law.

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McFarland, Henry. "The Scars We Bear." After Dinner Conversation 4, no. 10 (2023): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc202341092.

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Should gene therapy give criminals a chance for early release? In this work of philosophical fiction, Callum beats his wife Joellen and puts her face to a burning stovetop. As each screams, a police officer opens the front door. Callum shoot and kills the officer. He is sentenced to the harshest punishment, life in prison without the possibility of parole. Nineteen years later Joellen, and the officer’s widow, get notified that Callum has undergone gene therapy to remove his aggressive nature and, under a new state policy, is consequentially, eligible for parole. Joellen supports the parole, but the officer’s wife does not. In the end, Callum is paroled, and Joellen exacts her revenge.

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Petrilionis, Antanas. "The “auf die Hand” practice: Releasing captives on parole between the Teutonic Order and Lithuania in the end of XIVth and the first half of XVth centuries." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 45 (July 21, 2020): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2020.45.4.

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This article presents an analysis of an occurring phrase and practice “auf die Hand” (to one’s hand) and its meaning in the end of the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries. The main sources for such a study were correspondence between the Teutonic Order’s officers and Lithuania’s rulers, issued documents, and other contemporary written evidence. The “auf die Hand” custom was not just a practice to release captives on parole solely on their own oath, but also on the guarantee of a ruler, officer or another trustworthy person. The captive released on parole or the guarantee promises to return whenever the captor summons him. Also, the guarantor vows that the captive will safely return on a given time. This research shows that the captives with questionable honour may not have been interceded merely for the risk of escaping, because the guarantor, who had also sworn in his honour, would have to compensate for the escaped captive. No doubt such practice was adopted through contact with the Teutonic Order and knights from Western Europe, since we can observe specific features of chivalry: surrender, honour, oaths. Also, it is evident that the meaning behind “auf die Hand” had a semantic connotation – raising a hand to give an oath and giving the captive “to guarantor’s hands.”

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Journal articles on the topic 'Parole Officers'

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