Relevant bibliographies by topics / Parole Officers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Parole Officers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Parole Officers"

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Chamberlain, Alyssa W., Matthew Gricius, Danielle M. Wallace, Diana Borjas, and Vincent M. Ware. "Parolee–Parole Officer Rapport: Does It Impact Recidivism?" International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 3581–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17741593.

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Parole officers are an integral part of parolees’ reentry process and success. Few studies, however, have examined whether the quality of the relationship between parolees and their parole officer influences outcomes such as recidivism. This study assesses how recidivism is affected by the quality of the relationship that parolees have with their parole officers. Using the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) dataset, we use parolees’ perceptions of their relationship with their parole officer to determine whether they have established a positive or negative relationship, and whether these types of relationships differentially affect recidivism. Results show that parolees who have a negative relationship with their parole officer have higher rates of recidivism, while a positive relationship lowers parolees’ likelihood of recidivating. An implication of this study emphasizes parole officer training that develops positive, high-quality relationships with parolees. Further implications are discussed below.
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Meredith, Tammy, John C. Speir, and Sharon Johnson. "Developing and Implementing Automated Risk Assessments in Parole." Justice Research and Policy 9, no. 1 (June 2007): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3818/jrp.9.1.2007.1.

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This article describes the efforts undertaken during the past five years for the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles to develop a method for assessing parolee risk to inform the supervision level assignments of Georgia's 23,000 active parolees. The project resulted in an actuarial risk assessment method based on the analysis of over 6,000 parolees. Historically, officers conducted pencil-and-paper assessments on all new parolees entering supervision and reassessments every six months thereafter. The new instruments are automated—offender risk is derived through the execution of computerized programs that access both prison and parole data systems. Parolee risk scores are updated daily, incorporating the dynamics of daily correctional supervision progress or failure, and are provided to parole officers through web-based reports and e-mail.
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Cnaan, Ram A., and Kelsey Woida. "Power, anxiety, and relationships between returning citizens and parole officers." Journal of Social Work 20, no. 5 (May 30, 2019): 576–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017319852692.

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Summary This study evaluates the relationships between parole officers and ex-prisoners, who return to communities after incarceration (returning citizens). We measured returning citizens’ anxiety about meeting their parole officers and the ways in which they prepare for their meetings. We relate anxiety levels to developing a therapeutic alliance, client confidence that their parole officer is working in their best interest, client truthfulness about their housing and work status, and client optimism about their reentry process. To measure returning citizen anxiety and experience with parole officers, we carried out a survey of returning citizens (N = 193) in Philadelphia just before they were to meet their parole officers. Findings The results illuminate the ways that anxiety has significant negative impact on the quality of the working relationship between returning citizens and their parole officers but not precautionary behaviors. Returning citizens who reported higher anxiety prior to meeting their parole officer tend to report lower therapeutic alliance, less confidence that the parole officer works on their behalf, and less truthfulness. Implications Our findings provide more insight into what needs and challenges people on parole and probation face and outline new ideas about which of these factors parole officers should attend to in order to improve the services they provide. We call for parole officers to be cognizant of the anxiety that people under probation face and the need to make them feel supported and at ease. We also call for social workers in most countries to take a more active role in the provision of parole and probation services.
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Denney, Andrew S., Allen Copenhaver, and Angie Schwendau. "Predicting Health and Wellness Outcomes for Probation and Parole Officers: An Exploratory Study." Criminal Justice Policy Review 31, no. 4 (August 24, 2019): 573–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403419870850.

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Probation and parole research in the late 1980s and early 1990s explored the negative health and wellness effects that officers may experience. However, little current research exists on health and wellness outcomes for probation and parole officers. Furthermore, little research has been conducted on the factors that may predict health and wellness for probation and parole officers. This study provides survey results of 342 probation and parole officers working for one probation and parole department in a southern U.S. state. Binary logistic regression results reveal officer age and tobacco use are significant predictors of officer injury. Moreover, sex, alcohol use, fast food consumption, sleep, and feeling in control of one’s job are significant predictors of self-reported officer depression. Policy implications for the above-mentioned findings and future directions for research are also discussed.
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LINDQUIST, CHARLES A., and JOHN T. WHITEHEAD. "Correctional Officers as Parole Officers." Criminal Justice and Behavior 13, no. 2 (June 1986): 197–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854886013002005.

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Abdul Latib, Mohamad Fauzi, and Fauzana Zaik. "ELEMEN KEBERKESANAN SISTEM PAROL DALAM MENANGANI FENOMENA RESIDIVISME DALAM KALANGAN ORANG YANG DIPAROL (ODP)." Asian People Journal (APJ) 6, no. 1 (April 27, 2023): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/apj.2023.6.1.404.

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Abstract: Various approaches have been carried out by the Malaysian Prisons Department as an institution specifically responsible for the rehabilitation of prisoners to assist in rebuilding themselves so that they can play a role in society again whether as husband, wife, father, mother, child, employee and others. Among the approaches that have been introduced by the Malaysian Prisons Department is the Parole System which plays an important role in ensuring that prisoners who are released on parole can return to society as a useful person. The main objective of this research is to identify the key elements to the effectiveness of the implementation of the Parole System in dealing with the phenomenon of recidivism among Parolees (ODP). This research is a qualitative research that uses a case study approach through in-depth interviews. This research was conducted in two Terengganu District Parole Offices, namely the Kuala Terengganu District Parole Office and the Hulu Terengganu District Parole Office. This research involved in-depth interviews with 13 parolees (ODP) as research respondents. Sample selection was done through purposive sampling techniques and the data obtained was analyzed using thematic analysis. The research results found that there are 4 main elements to the effectiveness of the implementation of the Parole System in dealing with the phenomenon of recidivism among OPDs, namely, the implementation of regular urine tests, monitoring, moral support from parole officers and drug prevention education programs. Keywords: Elements of Effectiveness; Parole System; Recidivism Phenomenon; Paroled Persons Abstrak: Pelbagai pendekatan telah dilakukan oleh Jabatan Penjara Malaysia sebagai institusi bertanggungjawab secara khusus dalam pemulihan banduan untuk membantu dalam membina kembali diri mereka agar dapat berperanan semula dalam masyarakat sama ada sebagai suami, isteri, ayah, ibu, anak, pekerja dan lain-lain. Antara pendekatan yang telah diperkenalkan oleh pihak Jabatan Penjara Malaysia iaitu Sistem Parol yang memainkan peranan penting dalam memastikan banduan yang dibebaskan secara parol dapat kembali ke pangkuan masyarakat sebagai seseorang yang berguna. Objektif utama penyelidikan ini adalah mengenal pasti elemen utama kepada keberkesanan perlaksanaan Sistem Parol dalam menangani fenomena residivisme dalam kalangan Orang yang DiParol (ODP). Penyelidikan ini merupakan penyelidikan kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes melalui kaedah temu bual mendalam. Penyelidikan ini telah dijalankan di dua buah Pejabat Parol Daerah Negeri Terengganu iaitu Pejabat Parol Daerah Kuala Terengganu dan Pejabat Parol Daerah Hulu Terengganu. Penyelidikan ini melibatkan temu bual mendalam terhadap 13 orang yang diparol (ODP) sebagai responden penyelidikan. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan melalui teknik persampelan bertujuan dan data yang diperolehi telah dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penyelidikan mendapati bahawa terdapat 4 elemen utama kepada keberkesanan perlaksanaan Sistem Parol dalam menangani fenomena residivisme dalam kalangan OPD iaitu, perlaksanaan ujian air kencing secara berkala, pemantauan, sokongan moral dari pegawai parol dan program pendidikan pencegahan dadah. Kata kunci: Elemen Keberkesanan; Sistem Parol; Fenomena Residivisme; Orang yang DiParol
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FULTON, BETSY, AMY STICHMAN, LAWRENCE TRAVIS, and EDWARD LATESSA. "Moderating Probation and Parole Officer Attitudes to Achieve Desired Outcomes." Prison Journal 77, no. 3 (September 1997): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855597077003005.

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Much has been written about officer role orientations in probation and parole and about principles of effective correctional intervention, but little research adequately reflects the importance of linking these two discussions. The present study on officer attitudes provides a first step toward making this link. An officer attitude survey was conducted with both regular and intensive supervision officers at two different program sites. Each site recently implemented a prototypical model of intensive supervision that encourages a balanced approach to supervision and is based on principles of effective correctional intervention. Prior to implementation, the intensive supervision officers at each site participated in comprehensive training and development activities. The primary purpose of this research was to learn the extent to which attitudes of the intensive supervision officers differ from those of regular supervision officers—who did not participate in the training and development activities—in terms of their focus and style of supervision. The results suggest that a comprehensive approach to training and development can effectively instill in officers the supervision attitudes that are most conducive to promoting offender change.
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Kim, Bitna, Adam K. Matz, and Selye Lee. "Working Together or Working on the Same Task but Separately? A Comparison of Police Chief and Chief Probation or Parole Officer Perceptions of Partnership." Police Quarterly 20, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 24–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611116657283.

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It remains unclear how pervasive police-community corrections partnerships are, and to what extent they are integrated into routine practice, as well as whether or not police chiefs and chief probation or parole officers within the same jurisdictions perceive them to be effective. The current study enhances our understanding of such partnerships between police and probation or parole. Data were collected through a statewide survey of a random sample of municipal police chiefs and county chief probation or parole officers in Pennsylvania. The primary research questions focus on identifying the following: (a) empirically derived and meaningful patterns of police-community corrections partnerships, (b) a comparison of police chief and chief probation or parole officer perceptions of benefits and problems regarding their partnerships, and (c) the predictors of these perceptions. Results reveal that such partnerships are prevalent, but they are predominantly informal, with formalization largely contingent on the progressiveness of the police chief (i.e., newer police chiefs were more likely to engage in formalized partnerships). Further, the crime prevention and recidivism reduction potential of these partnerships remain unclear from the perspectives of both law enforcement and community supervision leaders. In general, Pennsylvania police chiefs are less favorable to the partnerships than are the chiefs of probation or parole offices, and certain partnership types relate to the negative perceptions of some agency leaders. The implications of the findings reported here for policies, training, and future research are discussed.
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Meredith, Tammy, Shila René Hawk, Sharon Johnson, John P. Prevost, and George Braucht. "What Happens in Home Visits? Examining a Key Parole Activity." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 601–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820910173.

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Home visits provide a space for officer–supervisee encounters. However, little is known about the dynamics of home visits and their association with supervision outcomes. This study examines the context, content, and role of home visits in parole. Home visits are described using systematic observation data of officer-initiated contacts ( N = 383). The average visit included only those on parole, inside a single-family home, lasted 8 minutes, was conducive to discussions, and covered rules and needs topics. A separate agency records dataset ( N = 26,878) was used to estimate Cox hazard models. Findings suggest that each visit is related to reduced risk of a new felony arrest or a revocation, controlling for criminogenic factors and supervision activities. Risk was further associated with a reduction if officers engaged in mixed-topic discussions (rules and needs). Home visits can enable officers to help people on parole successfully navigate the challenges of reentry.
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Zarkasi, Moch Fauzan, Nur Azisa, and Haeranah Haeranah. "Implications of Renewal System of Criminal Justice Based on the Principles of Restorative Justice on The Role of Probation and Parole Officer." Khazanah Hukum 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/kh.v4i1.17354.

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In Indonesia, criminal law reform is manifested in plans to amend several laws and regulations, including the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, and the Correctional Law. In addition, several criminal justice sub-systems have issued policy regulations that put forward the principle of penal mediation to accommodate the limitations or shortcomings of formal criminal law in resolving criminal cases. These various steps of change put forward a value known as restorative justice. The concept of restorative justice, which contains two main principles, namely participation, and recovery, always requires the role of Probation and Parole Officer as stated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The formulation of the following research problem is how the implications of reforming the criminal justice system based on the principles of restorative justice on the role of the Probation and Parole Officers. The purpose of this study was to determine the projected implications of reforming the criminal justice system based on the principles of restorative justice on the role of Probation and Parole Officers. This research is descriptive normative legal research. The results of the study indicate that Probation and Parole Officers have the potential to obtain strengthening of duties and functions in particular from the three main aspects of reform, namely strengthening alternative disposal, the existence of sentencing guidelines, as well as supervision and guidance in the implementation of various types of punishments and treatments. The expansion of these tasks and functions indicates the urgency of optimizing the fulfillment of technical and facilitative needs for the Probation and Parole Officers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Parole Officers"

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Elsby, Karen. "An analysis of educational levels and experience of probation and parole agents in the Wisconsin Department of Corrections." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008elsbyk.pdf.

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Lopez, John S. "Have perceptions changed among staff regarding parole officers' carrying firearms? : a description of changes in safety perceptions and supervisory styles at the Texas Department of Criminal Justice Parole Division /." View online, 2007. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/205/.

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Johnson, Valencia Tamir. "Parole and Probation Officers' Perceptions of Management Effectiveness in Baltimore County, Maryland." Thesis, Walden University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3708022.

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Management practices in the rehabilitation and criminal justice system are primarily concerned with how employees sense, collect, organize, and process information regarding the criminal offender. The purpose of this quantitative study was to measure parole and probation officers’ perceptions regarding management support and effectiveness in the workplace, with particular emphasis on communication, collaboration, and conflict resolution. Herzberg’s 2-factor theory of motivation served as the theoretical framework for the study, supporting the concept of participatory management as a central factor in job satisfaction. A researcher-designed, Likert-type questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 31 parole and probation officers in Baltimore County. The sample size was determined using a power analysis for the 2-sample t test. The power analysis was completed with alpha levels of .05, and a .80 level of statistical power. Participants had been employed for at least a year as parole and probation officers who supervised African American criminal offenders. Results from the questionnaires were analyzed using t tests, frequency distribution analysis, and comparison of means analysis, with mixed findings. The majority of participants felt that managers provide a positive overall work environment and effectively communicate with parole and probation officers. At the same time, the majority of respondents also believed that managers do not collaborate with employees and do not resolve conflicts with employees in a timely manner. Possible reasons for these contradictory perceptions are discussed. The study contributes to positive social change by providing leaders with improved methods for measuring parole and probation officers’ perceptions regarding managerial support for and effectiveness in the rehabilitation of reentry offenders.

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Parker, Richard John, and n/a. "Intersource agreement on the prediction of recidivism." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061031.111330.

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In a wide range of counselling situations, including those involving offenders, researchers have bemoaned the lack of consensus about outcome. Some researchers have argued that a lack of consensus is due to the fact that the different sources retain unique points of view, which can never be amalgamated into a common outcome. The current paper argues that, while sources will have their own unique perspective, it is possible to develop a meaningful consensus, if it is done very carefully. The factors which need to be taken into consideration are: measuring different outcomes; the different interpretation of the question by each source; and bias. An important outcome in correctional settings is an offender's current level of criminality, or likelihood of reoffending. It was hypothesised that the 12 Probation and Parole Officers' predictions about the likelihood of recidivism of 368 offenders would correlate with fresh charges recorded within 12 months by the Magistrates Court. This hypothesis was supported. It was also hypothesised that the Level of Service Inventory - Revised (LSI-R) would also correlate with fresh charges and that the former correlation would be different to the latter. While the LSI-R did correlate significantly with fresh charges, the predictions of the Probation and Parole Officers were not significantly different. The use of correlation coefficients to assess predictive validity has been criticised as they are affected by base rates of offending and selection ratios of offenders to high and low risk categories. However when a more appropriate statistical tool, the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) was employed, the results were not substantially different. The predictive abilities of offenders was also tested against the same criterion and Intersource Agreement on the Prediction Recidivism were found sorely wanting, failing to correlate with fresh charges or any of the other predictive measures. It is argued that the offenders failed to predict accurately because of bias and/or poor ability to predict their own behaviour. The ability of the Probation and Parole Officers to predict reoffending to a much greater level than usually recorded in the criminological literature was ascribed to the higher level of information about their own predictive abilities, through a natural feedback mechanism which does not usually apply to professionals making clinical predictions about recidivism, and to training in predictors of reoffending which they received when they were trained in the administration of the LSI-R. It was also found that the ability of the LSI-R to predict recidivism was improved by incorporating offender age through linear regression. Suggestions were made for improving consensus among sources in counselling outcome studies. In particular, it was noted that sources do not necessarily interpret the question in the manner the researcher desires and it may be necessary to test the subjects' ability to distinguish between similar questions when this distinction is important.
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Lusby, Gertha Lee. "Probation Officers and Parole Agents' Perceptions of Institutional Obstacles to Reducing Recidivism in a Midwestern State." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7035.

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Prison management and key stakeholders lack an understanding of how institutional obstacles interfere with probation officers and parole agents' ability in managing offenders to reduce recidivism in a Midwestern state. In 2014, 1 out of 52 adults in the U.S. were under the supervision of probation officers or parole agents. The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological study was to identify the institutional obstacles that exist for probation officers and parole agents in terms of their lived experiences in their jobs. The participants were 5 probation officers and 6 parole agents from a municipal district in a county in a Midwestern state. The conceptual framework that grounds this descriptive phenomenological study is Meadows' three concepts of systems thinking (elements, interconnections, and purpose). The data collection process involved in-depth interviews and field notes. One hundred percent of the participants identified several themes as institutional obstacles including: lack of community programs, lack of jobs, and heavy caseloads. The implications for positive social change for the key stakeholders identified in the study to reduce recidivism in the criminal justice system were to remove the institutional barriers outlined in the themes and improve institutional practices. Making policy reforms that included drug and alcohol treatment, addressing the issue of prison authority and the creation of rehabilitation programs that feature cognitive development would aid in reduction of recidivism.
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Jones-Dilworth, Erika J. "Probation Officers' Attitudes on Illinois Electronic Monitoring Program for Drug Offenders." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5882.

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Probation Officers' Attitudes on Illinois Electronic Monitoring Program For Drug Offenders by Erika Jones-Dilworth MPA, Governors State University, 2009 BS, Governors State University, 2007 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy & Administration Walden University November 2018
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Canty, Kenika Kiante'. "A Survey of Probation Officers' Opinions: Risk Assessments." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1684.

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The U. S. criminal justice system has used risk assessment tools in an effort to reduce recidivism and risk assessment tools are now commonplace. Correctional organizations, however, have struggled with officers' resistance to these tools in spite of the evidence for their utility. There is limited research that explores the impact of resistance to organizational change within the context of correctional agencies. To address that gap, this correlational study used organizational change theory to examine officers' resistance to the use of risk assessment tools based on officers' opinions of the risk assessment tool being used in North Carolina. Data were collected through an online survey of 109 North Carolina probation and parole officers. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the statistical relationship between officer use of risk assessment tools and the dependent variables which included officers' opinions of the risk assessment tool, knowledge of risk assessments, training for use of risk assessments, risk assessments in the sentencing process, and officers' length of time employed. Findings indicated that opinions of the risk assessment tool and training to use the tool statistically impact officers' use of the tool in daily supervision of offenders. Organizational change theory predicted these findings as officers' resistance to policy change was manifested in their opinions of that policy. Implications for positive social change include recommendations for corrections agencies to refine training regarding risk assessments in efforts to minimize officer resistance of properly applying risk assessment tools in daily job duties with the intended outcome of reducing recidivism, and therefore preventing future harms to the community.
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Kokinda, Ronald S. "A study of officer safety and firearm issues in the Carbon County Adult Probation/Parole Department." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1994. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1994.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2947. Abstract precedes thesis as [3] preliminary leaves. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-135).
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Mayles, Philip Andrew. "Evaluating systemic change in the Virginia Department of Corrections : creating agents of change /." Full-text of dissertation on the Internet (63 KB), 2009. http://www.lib.jmu.edu/general/etd/2009/Masters/Mayles_PhilipA/maylespa_masters_11-30-2009.pdf.

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Bares, Kyle Jordan. "The Power of Belief: Police Perceptions, Parole Officer Relationships, and Re-incarceration During Reentry." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1541006227806382.

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Books on the topic "Parole Officers"

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Hy, Hammer, and Arco Publishing, eds. Probation officer, parole officer. 5th ed. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1996.

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2

Carmen, Rolando V. Del. Potential liabilities of probation and parole officers. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Corrections, 1985.

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T, Axilbund Melvin, ed. Potential liabilities of probation and parole officers. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Corrections, 1987.

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T, Axilbund Melvin, ed. Potential liabilities of probation and parole officers. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Corrections, 1987.

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Joe, Krasowski, ed. Master the probation officer/parole officer exam. 7th ed. Lawrenceville, NJ: Thomson/Peterson's, 2006.

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George, Reed. Fear no man. Eugene, Or: Harvest House, 1987.

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New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Committee on Correction. Public hearing--parole and post-release supervision system. [Albany]: Associated Reporters Int'l., 2001.

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V, Del Carmen Rolando, Barnhill Maldine Beth, and National Institute of Corrections (U.S.), eds. Civil liabilities and other legal issues for probation/parole officers and supervisors. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Corrections, 2001.

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Washington (State). Dept. of Corrections. Planning & Research Section. and Washington (State). Dept. of Corrections. Office of Administrative Services., eds. Washington State Department of Corrections workload study: 1998. [Olympia: Dept. of Corrections, 1999.

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Bruno, Anthony. Hot fudge. New York: Forge, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Parole Officers"

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Lande, Marlien, Tuti Bahfiarti, and Muhammad Farid. "Obstacles of Communication Accommodation in Parole Officers Towards Clients with Different Cultures at Class I Correctional Center of Manokwari." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Linguistics and Cultural (ICLC 2022), 271–79. Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-070-1_23.

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Andrew, Rod. "Liberty and Virtue in a Conquered Land." In Life and Times of General Andrew Pickens. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631530.003.0005.

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In this chapter, whig resistance in South Carolina collapses in the spring of 1780 when the British capture Charleston and inflict a disastrous defeat on the American cause. Pickens and other whig officers surrender, sign paroles, and are initially allowed to maintain neutrality. When Sir Henry Clinton reneges on this parole agreement and mistreats former whigs, the Revolution springs back to life. Pickens, however, maintains his neutrality until December, after loyalist troops raid his own home and mistreat his family; then he dramatically announces to a British officer his right to renounce his parole and his intention to rejoin the Revolutionary cause.
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"Roles of Probation and Parole Officers." In Corrections in the Community, 219–35. Routledge, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315721965-48.

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Latessa, Edward J., and Brian Lovins. "Roles of Probation and Parole Officers." In Corrections in the Community, 175–92. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429424021-7.

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Reynolds, Morgan. "Privatizing Probation and Parole." In Entrepreneurial Economics, 117–28. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195150285.003.0009.

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Abstract At the end of 1998, 3.4 million people in the United States were on probation and 705,000 were on parole.1 That’s one in fifty adult U.S. residents “under the supervision of the criminal justice system” yet free on the streets. A majority (57 percent) of those convicted and released to straight probation (nonincarceration) were convicted of a felony crime (crimes punishable by one year or more in prison), 40 percent were guilty of misdemeanors, and the remaining 3 percent were guilty of other infractions. With regard to parole, over four in five prisoners are released short of serving their full sentences in favor of some form of “community supervision.” Currently, a large public bureaucracy of probation and parole officers (there are 50,000 probation officers alone, many of them members of the American Probation and Parole Association [APPA]) is responsible for supervising these 4.1 million offenders.
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"Reports From Pretrial, Probation, and Parole Officers." In The SAGE Guide to Writing in Corrections, 37–58. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781544364568.n6.

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"Courts, Judges, Prosecutors, and Probation and Parole Officers." In How to Work with Sex Offenders, 42–58. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203120996-9.

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Trotter, Chris. "The impact of training and coaching on the development of practice skills in youth justice: findings from Australia." In Evidence-Based Skills in Criminal Justice. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447332961.003.0015.

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A number of studies have found that the skills and practices of probation and parole officers, and others who supervise offenders in the community, have an impact on the recidivism rates of offenders under supervision. There is evidence to suggest, however, that evidence based practice skills are not used routinely in probation and parole supervision. The limited amount of research in this area suggests that while some probation officers may have a natural pre-disposition towards the use of effective practice skills, training and coaching may increase the level of skills of most probation officers. The studies which have been undertaken to date, however, have been done with relatively small samples rather than across whole organisations. This chapter reports on a study undertaken in Queensland Youth Justice which aimed to increase the skill levels of probation officers. It was found that the use of pro-social modelling and relationships skills increased following training and coaching, however, the use of problem solving and cognitive behavioural techniques remained low both before and after training and coaching.
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Allen Johnson, Scott. "Investigation Strategies for Law Enforcement, Probation, and Parole Officers." In Physical Abusers and Sexual Offenders, 384–85. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420006896.sec5.

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Burke, Kelly C., Taylor Petty, Tayler M. Jones, Margaret C. Stevenson, Gent Silberkleit, and Bette L. Bottoms. "Adults’ Perceptions of Law-Involved Minority Children and Youth." In The Legacy of Racism for Children, 189–210. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190056742.003.0011.

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This chapter reviews the role of race and ethnicity in shaping legal actors’ (e.g., police officers, attorneys, judges, jurors, parole officers) perceptions and judgments of youth victims and offenders. The intention of this review is to provide researchers with a comprehensive synthesis of the literature and to help front-line workers understand how race influences their interactions with racial minority youth. The chapter begins by considering racism in the criminal justice system generally and the research showing how race shapes perceptions of adult offenders and victims. The main focus is a review of research illustrating parallel findings in cases involving youthful offenders and victims. The chapter ends with recommendations for future research, as well as practical applications to improve law and public policy and to assist legal actors during their interactions with racial minority youth.
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Conference papers on the topic "Parole Officers"

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Meciarova, Ludmila, Silvia Vilcekova, Eva Kridlova Burdova, Ilija Zoran Apostoloski, and Danica Kosicanova. "Short-term Measurements of Indoor Environmental Quality in Selected Offices – Case Study." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.266.

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Decent quality of indoor air is important for health and wellbeing of building users. We live, work and study in indoors of various types of buildings. Often people are exposed to pollutants at higher concentrations than these that occur out-doors. Continual investigation of indoor air quality is needed for ensuring comfort and healthy environment. Measuring and analysis of occurrence of physical, chemical and biological factors is the first step for suggestion of optimization measures. Inside school buildings there are often inadequate indoor climate conditions such as thermal comfort parame-ters or ventilation. The aim of this study was determination of indoor environmental quality in selected offices in the building of elementary school in Slovakia. The values of operative temperature were not within the optimum range of values for the warm period of the year in one of the monitored offices. The intensity of illumination was lower in the two offices. Low levels of particulate matters were measured except the one office where permissible value was exceeded by 7.6%.
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Galvao, Tais Freire, and Luisa Von Zuben Veçoso. "Efeitos da pandemia de COVID-19 no processamento editorial de periódicos brasileiros." In Abec Meeting. ABEC Brasil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/abecmeeting2021.10.

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este estudo objetivou investigar os impactos da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre a publicação e editoração científica no Brasil. Foi realizado um inquérito on-line com editores de periódicos nacionais no segundo semestre de 2020. De 1.299 questionários preenchidos, 87 foram preenchidos por editores-chefes que identificaram o nome do periódico. A maior parte das revistas pertenciam às áreas de humanidades (n=43) e ciências da vida (n=41), eram open access (n=85). Observou-se aumento nas submissões de manuscritos (n=40) e mudança da maior parte das atividades para home office. Quinze periódicos passaram a aceitar manuscritos pré-publicados e a maioria (n=50) não aceita. Políticas de promoção de equidade de gênero e raça são pouco adotadas. A pandemia afetou as atividades editoriais dos periódicos nacionais.
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Puig Hernández, Marc Abraham. "EL EMPLEO DE «TEAMS» EN LA DOCENCIA DE TEORÍA DEL DERECHO." In IN-RED 2021: VII Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2021.2021.13682.

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La docencia presencial en el curso 2020/2021 no ha sido siempre posible. De ahí que se recurriera a la aplicación «TEAMS» de Office 365 para completar el curso de Teoría del Derecho en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), tanto en las clases magistrales como en las actividades de seminario. En este último caso nos circunscribimos a un escenario novedoso debido a que en ellas se requiere de la argumentación en el momento, espontánea, y que se debata in situ rodeados de personas críticas y expectantes. Por tanto, recurrir a un medio virtual no presagiaba resultados satisfactorios. Sin embargo, los resultados contradicen la percepción inicial: por una parte, la evaluación tuvo el mismo impacto sobre la nota en el caso de los seminarios, pero, por otra parte, el temario de contenido filosófico de las clases magistrales, vinculado igualmente con la argumentación, no obtuvo el mismo rendimiento al perder aquellos elementos imprescindibles de la presencialidad. En este trabajo se ofrece una explicación del fenómeno.
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KRIKŠČIŪNAS, Bronislavas. "http://conf.rd.asu.lt/index.php/rd/article/view/63/102." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.092.

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The aim of this work is to investigate learning motivation peculiarities of rural unemployed people that are unready for labor market. Research object – learning motivation. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, anonymous questionnaire survey, qualitative and statistic data analysis. Chi square criteria (χ2), significance level p < 0.05 are applied for comparison of results. 76 people unready for labor market in Šakiai region participate in this research: 32 of them are young people under 25 years of age, 18 – returnees from imprisonment, 26 – disabled persons; 36 men and 40 women. Majority of respondents have secondary education, however, only 11.1 % of all returnees from imprisonment are in this group. The researched of all the three groups give preference to the second – modern definition of career. Labor Exchange Office or their own decisions have impact on the respondents mostly. It is worth pointing out that Labor Exchange Office has stronger impact on the disabled (57.7 %) while the youth under 25 tend to decide themselves (53.1 %). Other factors do not have significant influence. The first four learning motives are the most significant to all the three groups of the researched, the least attractive motives are „I am studying for prestige“ and „Random circumstances determined intention to study“. It is unexpected that the motive „I intend to go to further education “is of little importance for the young people. People with disabilities and former prisoners have stronger motivation to learn than unemployed young people under 25 do. Hypothesis is only partly approved – the differences between the groups are not significant and statistically unreliable.
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Sawyer, A., and K. Chamilothori. "THE IMPACT OF COLOUR AND SIMULATION DETAIL ON SUBJECTIVE IMPRESSIONS OF RENDERED SCENES IN IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL REALITY." In CIE 2023 Conference. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x50.2023.pp004.

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This study examined the influence of colour and simulation detail on impressions of daylit scenes shown in virtual reality. Experimental stimuli were 360° renderings of a typical office space with a south-facing window and varying presence of furniture, scene colour, and window treatment. Participants (N=100) experienced scenes using an Oculus Go VR headset and rated their subjective impressions, such as pleasantness, interest, excitement, calmness, and complexity. Results show that both the presence of furniture and the presence of colour affected participants' evaluations. Scenes with furniture were rated more positively than scenes without furniture across all attributes. Additionally, the presence of colour increased ratings of pleasantness, interest, excitement, calmness, and complexity. Grayscale scenes received lower ratings than coloured scenes, and coloured scenes were perceived as more exciting and complex than partly coloured scenes. These findings emphasize the importance of considering simulation choices in VR experiments, as they can impact participant responses.
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Nikolić, Teodora. "Internal migration in Serbia through the lens of spatial planning: data sources and possible methodological solutions." In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.35.

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In the first two decades of the 21st century, Serbia faced a significant population decline (from 7.5 million to 6.65 million), which affected almost 95 per cent of all settlements and 90 per cent of local centres. Beside general depopulation and “urban shrinkage”, unfavourable migration flows pose an additional challenge for spatial development. The spatial patterns of internal migration trace general socio-economic processes and thus represent one of the most important indicators of the diffusion of development within the territory. At the same time, internal migration flows represent a feedback loop for the increase of development disproportions. Considering that one of the main strategic objectives of spatial development in Serbia at all territorial levels (national, regional and local) is a more balanced distribution of the population, a broader and deeper insight into the extent and flows of internal migration can make an important contribution to spatial planning. Against this background, the study aims to identify various sources of statistical data and possible methodological solutions for conducting an analysis of internal migration in Serbia. The study utilises three different types of data provided by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, including: Population Census (migration characteristics of the population), Internal Migration statistics (immigration and emigration data based on changes of residence) and birth and death statistics (combined with population census data). The data used are partly published via the dissemination database and partly unpublished. The research results provide information on the advantages and disadvantages of using the above-mentioned data sources, e.g. data quality, availability, level of detail, etc. In addition, a comparative analysis carried out with all three data sources using specific examples revealed possible discrepancies in the results.
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Mattana, Leticia, Carla Bedin, William Pauli Koerich, Mateus Coivo Villela, Matheus Porfírio Porto, João Carlos Souza, Danielli Godinho Spricigo, and Beatriz Folador. "INOVAÇÕES TECNOLÓGICAS: DA CAPTURA DE DADOS REAIS ATÉ O ORÇAMENTO - CASO DE MANUTENÇÃO DE FACHADAS." In XVIII ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA DO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO. UFRGS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/entac.v18i.1223.

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A adoção de inovações tecnológicas na construção civil tem provocado mudanças nos processos de gestão da construção. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um procedimento que adota inovações tecnológicas, desde a captura da realidade até a elaboração do orçamento. Foi feito um estudo de caso para pintura das fachadas de uma edificação existente. A edificação escolhida possui geometria complexa e os desenhos diferem da execução final. Foi realizado levantamento de dados em campo com uso de drones e laser scanner, processamento de dados com AUTODESK RECAP e FARO SCENE, geração de nuvem de pontos e modelagem BIM no AUTODESK REVIT. A análise dos dados ocorreu pela documentação do projeto original em 2D e a documentação obtida da modelagem BIM sobre nuvem de pontos (as-is), usando ferramentas como o AUTODESK REVIT e o TRIMBLE VICO OFFICE para orçamentação. Como resultados, obteve-se os desenhos “as-is”, o levantamento de quantidades e orçamento da pintura para manutenção de parte da fachada da edificação. Como proposta de contribuição científica, este trabalho apresenta um processo de adoção de inovações tecnológicas para aplicação em edificações com geometrias complexas e cuja execução diferiu do projeto original, com vista na obtenção de informações precisas para orçamentação e manutenção.
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Silva, Renato Augusto da, Ester De Arruda E. Silva, Walter Santos Evangelista Júnior, Plinio Pereira Gomes Júnior, and Francisco Roberto De Azevedo. "EFEITO LARVICIDA DE CNIDOSCOLUS PHYLLACANTHUS (MÜLL. ARG.) PAX & K. HOFFM SOBRE O AEDES AEGYPTI L. (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)." In I Congresso Nacional On-line de Produtos Naturais. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/2128.

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Introdução: O mosquito Aedes aegypti é o vetor transmissor das arboviroses da Dengue, Chikungunya e Zika. O uso de plantas com propriedades larvicidas tem sido uma alternativa para o controle e combate deste vetor resultando em baixo impacto ambiental e minimização da resistência biológica do vetor em comparação aos defensivos químicos sintéticos. O bioma caatinga abrange boa parte do território nacional e possui uma rica variedade de espécies. É um dos biomas brasileiros menos estudados, ainda que seja o principal ecossistema da região Nordeste, além de ser restrito ao território nacional e possuir plantas endêmicas que são importantes fontes de recursos naturais. Objetivos: Realizar a prospecção fitoquímica do extrato aquoso foliar da espécie Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus, popularmente conhecida como “faveleira” e determinar a atividade larvicida dos extratos das folhas de C. phyllacanthus sobre as larvas do A. aegypti no estádio L3. Material e métodos: As folhas da espécie e os ovos de A. aegypti foram coletados na cidade de Serra Talhada/PE. Resultados: Os testes fitoquímicos revelaram a presença de compostos fenólicos, triterpenos, esteroides, saponinas e alcaloides no extrato aquoso das folhas de C. phyllacanthus. O efeito larvicida do extrato bruto aquoso das folhas de C. phyllacanthus foi avaliado sobre as larvas do A. aegypti no estádio L3 nas doses diluídas de 30%, 22,5%, 15%, 7,5% e 1% em relação ao extrato bruto por 72 horas a cada 12 horas resultando numa CL50 de 15,7 estimada por meio de tratamento de dados no software Excel 2010, Office, da Microsoft. Conclusão: Os bons resultados obtidos revelam que o extrato aquoso foliar da espécie Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus tem potencial larvicida e é uma excelente estratégia de baixo custo e de mínimo impacto ambiental para o combate do mosquito A. aegypti.
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Nascimento, Bianca Rodrigues do, Lucas Aguiar de Sousa, and Ana Emília Gomes Macedo. "Prevalência de sífilis gestacional na Região Norte entre os anos de 2015 e 2019." In 45º Congresso da SGORJ XXIV Trocando Ideias. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/jbg-0368-1416-20211311193.

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Introdução: A sífilis é uma doença contagiosa venérea causada pela espiroqueta Treponema pallidum. Entre suas categorias, encontra-se a sífilis gestacional, caracterizada por uma modalidade de transmissão vertical, ou seja, da mãe para o feto, para a qual se configura uma classificação de alta taxa de infecção — em torno de 70%. Nesse sentido, considerando-se que a Região Norte é o local de menor cobertura de testagem para sífilis, evidencia-se a necessidade de uma análise minuciosa dos casos notificados. Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência dos casos de sífilis gestacional na Região Norte do Brasil. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo quantitativo, feito com base nos dados recolhidos do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) e do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) — Ministério da Saúde, nos períodos de 2015 a 2019 na Região Norte do país, os quais foram dispostos e analisados no programa Microsoft Office Excel 2016. Resultados e Conclusão: Nos períodos analisados, foram notificados 26.139 casos de sífilis gestacional na Região Norte, sendo 80,2% compostos de pacientes pardas, como um reflexo do perfil populacional da localidade. Observou-se aumento progressivo das notificações ao longo dos anos investigados, sendo registrados 3.270 casos em 2015 e 6.026 em 2019. Constatou-se ainda que a maior parte das ocorrências foram registradas no terceiro trimestre da gravidez (37,72%). O diagnóstico prévio da sífilis gestacional valida a terapêutica precoce e precisa. Além disso, dos casos notificados, 1.890 ocorrências não apresentaram a idade gestacional das pacientes, dificultando a estratégia de combate à patologia. Ressalta-se também que 22,9% das notificações analisadas de sífilis gestacional se encontram na fase escolar de 5ª a 8ª série incompleta, destacando a relação intrínseca entre as incidências de sífilis na gestação e o grau de escolaridade. Colocam, assim, a escola como um importante expoente referente à educação para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, fortalecendo o Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE). Conclusão: A pesquisa realizada ressalta a necessidade de buscas ativas, acesso precoce a exames de testagem rápida, abordagem assistencial de qualidade às gestantes inscritas no programa Rede Cegonha da rede de atenção básica da Região Norte do país e, por fim, notificação e investigação dos casos identificados.
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Cosham, Andrew, Robert J. Eiber, Robert Owen, and Jan Spiekhout. "A Historical Review of Pre-Commissioning Hydrotest Failures." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10333.

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The concept of proof testing engineering structures has its origins in antiquity. The pre-commissioning hydrostatic test (also known as the pre-service pressure test) has been an important part of the process of commissioning a newly constructed pipeline for over 50 years, since its beginnings in the 1950s in the USA. The purpose of the hydrotest is several-fold: to prove the leak tightness of the pipeline system at a pressure above the design pressure, as a strength (proof) test to identify (fail) defects and sub-standard pipe, and to prove a safety margin above the pipeline design pressure. Historical data, from PARLOC (Pipeline and Riser Loss of Containment), the OPS (Office of Pipeline Safety) 30 day Incident Reports, and the published literature on the number and causes of pre-commissioning hydrotest failures has been reviewed. The historical data covers onshore gas transmission pipelines in the USA and the UK, and gas and liquid pipelines in the North Sea. The data covers the period from 1952 to 2005, although there are significant gaps in the data (e.g. the OPS data for the USA does not report test failures after 1984). In this paper, the historical data is summarised over this period, by year, in terms of the number of failures per km, and trends in the frequency and type of failures are identified. Comparison of USA and UK experience, or onshore and offshore experience, is contentious because of the influences of different design codes, and local custom and practice. The USA and UK pipeline design code requirements for the hydrotest are summarised in the paper, and it is shown that some of the trends in the failure data may be explained by the differences between the codes. Failures during the hydrotest are rare, but occasionally they do occur. The general consensus is that failures during the precommissioning hydrostatic test are now less common, and that failures due to defective line pipe (rather than due to leaking fittings) are rare. The historical data supports this consensus, but it also highlights that it is largely based on anecdotal evidence rather than data and analysis, because information on test failures is not now routinely gathered and published. The results of the historical review demonstrate that understanding the causes and reasons for hydrotest failures is important for learning from past mistakes, and also for identifying those cases where it may be possible to dispense with a pre-commissioning hydrotest. Reliable historical data on hydrotest failures is necessary to quantify trends over time, and to understand the causes of failures. The pipeline industry as a whole is not coherently recording this data. It should be.
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Reports on the topic "Parole Officers"

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Alonso, María, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Eduardo Moral-Benito, Diana Posada, and Patrocinio Tello-Casas. Un repaso de las diversas iniciativas desplegadas a nivel nacional e internacional para hacer frente a los riesgos de exclusión financiera. Madrid: Banco de España, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29772.

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Las dificultades en el acceso a los servicios bancarios por parte de determinados grupos de población, especialmente aquellos residentes en zonas rurales y/o de edad avanzada, suponen una fuente de vulnerabilidad ante el riesgo de exclusión financiera de dichos colectivos. Este trabajo ofrece un resumen de las actuaciones desplegadas al objeto de mitigar dichos riesgos en los diferentes países europeos, con especial énfasis en el caso español. Si bien estas iniciativas son de naturaleza diversa y dependen de factores idiosincráticos de cada país, una revisión sistemática de las mismas permite extraer las siguientes conclusiones principales desde una perspectiva comparada. Desde el ámbito de la iniciativa privada, cabe destacar el despliegue en varios países europeos de redes de puntos de acceso al efectivo compartidas por diferentes entidades bancarias, si bien su implantación es, por el momento, relativamente menor en el caso español. Respecto a las iniciativas de colaboración público-privada, tanto en España como en el resto de países europeos, destaca la utilización de los acuerdos entre las entidades bancarias y las empresas de correos, que cuentan con una gran capilaridad en su red de oficinas. Desde el ámbito público, las actuaciones más comúnmente utilizadas se refieren a ayudas para instalar cajeros automáticos en zonas rurales. Por su parte, la regulación de los niveles mínimos de provisión de puntos de acceso al efectivo mediante la acción legislativa solo está vigente en el caso de Suecia, donde el uso de efectivo es tan minoritario que su potencial desaparición supone una amenaza sobre la viabilidad de la infraestructura de efectivo. Difficulties in accessing banking services by certain population groups, in particular those living in rural areas and/or the elderly, are a source of potential vulnerability with regard to the risk of financial exclusion of these cohorts. This paper summarises the actions deployed, by public and private institutions, in order to mitigate these risks in European countries, with special emphasis on Spain. Although these initiatives are diverse in nature and depend on idiosyncratic factors in each country, a systematic review allows the following conclusions to be drawn from a comparative perspective. First, it is worth noting the deployment in several European countries of networks of cash access points shared by different banks, although their implementation is, for the time being, relatively lower in Spain. Second, regarding public-private collaboration initiatives, both in Spain and in other European countries, the use of agreements between banks and post offices, which have well-distributed networks of offices, stands out. Third, the most common public sector initiatives consist of aid for the instalment of ATMs in rural areas. However, legislation regulating minimum provision of cash access points is only in force in Sweden, where the use of cash is so low that its potential disappearance poses a threat to the viability of cash infrastructure.
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Atuesta, Laura, Agustina Schijman, Salvatore Schiavo-Campo, and Cheryl Gray. IDB-9: Combating Fraud and Corruption. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010514.

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This report reviews the implementation of the measures the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB or Bank) has taken in the three strategic pillars of the anticorruption agenda: (i) strengthen the prevention of fraud and corruption in Bank operations; (ii) support transparency and anticorruption efforts in the Region; and (iii) ensure high ethical standards for Bank staff. The Bank has taken several actions in the first and third pillars. To help prevent corruption, the IDB has eliminated the overlap of policy and investigations by creating an Anticorruption Policy Committee and giving more independence to the Office of Institutional Integrity, and by establishing a new sanctions structure with greater clarity and stronger accountability. In addition, the 2011 cross-debarment agreement with other multilateral development banks has enhanced the impact of sanctions the IDB may impose. To help ensure internal integrity, the Bank has revised its Code of Ethics and whistleblower policy, improved the enforcement capacity of the Ethics Office, streamlined accountability relationship, and taken various other actions to bring the system up to good international practice. The second pillar, however -even recognizing that most Bank interventions to improve public management and strengthen institutions can have a positive impact on governance and anticorruption- has received limited recognition and support, partly as the result of crowding out by other development priorities and of limited country demand. In preventing corruption in Bank projects and in fostering staff integrity, the new structure is a major improvement over the one built piecemeal in previous years. This report advances various suggestions, of which the most important is for an external review of the Bank staff rules, particularly to sharpen managers¿ authority and accountability for ensuring a respectful workplace environment. In these two pillars, however, the priority is to consolidate the sound organizational and institutional changes that have been made. For the second pillar, enhancing governance and anticorruption efforts in member countries will require more assertive Bank support from the top, the assignment of greater priority and resources to programs to foster transparency and accountability, and closer intersectoral coordination.
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Gershberg, Alec, and Deborah Spindelman. Politics, Accountability, and Learning: Insights from the RISE Programme’s Political Economy Case Studies. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2023/pe14.

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The RISE (Research on Improving Systems of Education) Programme political economy team focused on “adoption” (PET-A) examines the political conditions required to put learning at the center of an education system. This work stream has produced 12 historical case studies and three synthesis papers which draw on this rich material. This paper is part of the latter effort and offers a comparative analysis across five of the countries with RISE Country Research Teams (Ethiopia, Indonesia, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Vietnam), as well as additional case studies focusing on Chile and Peru. Building on the RISE systems framework (Pritchett, 2015), our political economy analysis incorporates issues of competing interests, power, and political strategy. We focus on the promoters and blockers of learning-oriented education reform and their respective powers and strategies to parse out the political contestations that are endemic to the reform processes that impact system coherence around learning. In this paper, we present a binding constraints framework to explore what a politics for learning might look like and examine areas of intervention that present critical bottlenecks impeding a country’s ability to deliver learning outcomes which, if addressed, pose the potential for large impact relative to other constraints. We draw upon the PET-A country case studies to include analysis of different factions and reform champions within government, including but not limited to the executive office (president/prime minister), Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, competing ministries, decentralized government levels, and local leaders. In doing, we elucidate how politics permeate nearly all accountability relationships in education systems and the likelihood that any given program will positively impact learning.
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The German Club in Victoria Parade, Melbourne, was converted into a Note Printing Office for the Commonwealth Government - 1922. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-002803.

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Premises - Commonwealth Bank Head Office cnr Pitt Street & Martin Place - Exterior - Parade welcoming USA Sailors to Sydney - 20 March 1941. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-000979.

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