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Academic literature on the topic 'Parois secondaires végétales'
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Journal articles on the topic "Parois secondaires végétales"
CHOUTEAU, Alizée, Catherine DISENHAUS, and Gilles BRUNSCHWIG. "Le lycée permet-il aux jeunes de comprendre l’élevage ? état des lieux et propositions." INRAE Productions Animales, December 2, 2020, xx. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2020.33.3.4509.
Full textCHOUTEAU, Alizée, Catherine DISENHAUS, and Gilles BRUNSCHWIG. "Le lycée permet-il aux jeunes de comprendre l’élevage ? État des lieux et propositions." INRAE Productions Animales, January 7, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2020.33.3.4583.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Parois secondaires végétales"
Girault, Raynald. "Caractérisation biochimique des polymères incrustant les parois secondaires des fibres de lin." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES055.
Full textCuello, Clément. "Vers l'élaboration d'un modèle de construction des parois secondaires des fibres de bois chez le peuplier." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2021. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2021ORLE3118_va.pdf.
Full textTrees are able to grow high et survive many years thanks to their wood properties. Wood delivers three major functions in trees : (i) water conduction, (ii) mechanical support et (iii) nutrient storage. In Angiosperm trees, vessels, fibers et parenchyma rays are respectively assigned to these functions, each of them following their own development scheme. Cell wall composition et structure varies greatly depending on cell type, developmental stage et environmental conditions. This complexity therefore represents a hindrance to study the molecular mechanisms of wood formation. However, this can be circumvented by the development of cell-specific approaches.This work aims at characterizing fiber development, focusing on their secondary cell wall, developing cell-specific methods et integrative analysis at the cell level. Development of ATR-FTIR hyperspectral imaging enabled to finely characterize differences in cell wall composition between cell types in a tree et within cell types in different types of wood. Transcriptomics data obtained by RNA-Seq of microdissected fibers et rays gave rise to major differences in the transcriptome of these two cell types. Combining both kind of result led to the identification of key players in fibers development. Hence, this work opens up new research hypothesis, which could lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying wood fiber development, including from a dynamic perspective
Goujon, Thomas. "Identification et caractérisation de gènes impliqués dans la formation de la paroi secondaire chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0055.
Full textEudes, Aymerick. "Identification et caractérisation de nouveaux gènes impliqués dans la biosynthèse et la régulation de la paroi secondaire chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112168.
Full textLignified secondary cell walls play an important role in plant growth and development: they enable upright growth by rigidifying tissues and they confer hydrophobicity to sieve tube elements. The identification of molecular players involved in cell wall biosynthesis and regulation constitutes an important scientific and economic challenge. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana represents a useful tool for the investigations of the mechanisms involved in secondary cell wall formation. This work presents three strategies used to characterize some of the components of cell wall metabolism. A reverse genetic approach for the characterization of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenases (CADs) involved in the last step of monolignols biosynthesis. Promoter-trapping to identify glycosyltransferases involved in phenylpropanoids metabolism. Finally, a biochemical approach for the purification of an enzyme involved in the remodelling of cell wall polysaccharides. AtCAD D and AtCAD C are the two genes involved in the last step of monolignol biosynthesis for constitutive lignification in Arabidopsis thaliana. A double knock-out mutant for these two genes shows a drastic reduction in lignin content and a composition altered to be richer in cinnamaldehydes, the CAD precursors. AtCAD 1 is also partially involved in lignification at the level of young tissues and siliques. At2g18570 encodes a glycosyltransferase (UGT72D1) putatively involved in the glycosylation of phenylpropanoids compounds and derivatives: A mutant line from the Versailles T-DNA collection showing a positive GUS activity indicates that the At2g18570 promoter is active in xylem tissue. The molecular origin of endogenous b-glucuronidase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana is due to the AtGUS gene (At5g07830): It encodes a glycosyl-hydrolase which belongs to the same familly as mammalian heparanases and it could be involved in the hydrolysis of polysaccharide chains of cell wall proteoglycans
Courtial, Audrey. "Vers l'identification de gènes contrôlant la dégradabilité de la paroi secondaire lignifiée chez le maïs à travers l'élucidation de QTLs à effets forts." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2454/.
Full textDiscovering the genetic determinants of the lignified cell wall assembly in grasses is a major challenge for both basic research and for plant breeding based on marker-assisted selection. Cell wall degradability is a limiting factor of plant energy value for cattle feeding, as well as for the production of second-generation biofuel. The research conducted thus aimed at identifying genes involved in cell wall related traits, taking as model a cluster of strong effect QTLs located in the bin 6. 06 of the maize recombinant inbred line (RIL) progeny F288 x F271. Having shown that these QTL positions were located in a monomorphic area between the two parental lines, targeted densification of the genetic map revealed that these "ghost" QTLs correspond in fact to QTLs located on two close positions (bins 6. 05 and 6. 07). New major QTLs in bin 4. 09 have also been detected. New QTL detection from new field experiments has also allowed to consolidate the involvement of p-hydroxycinnamic acids and of the lignin monomeric composition, in the variation of cell wall degradability. In order to identify the candidate genes underlying these QTLs, expression studies and sequencing were undertaken, besides the a priori search for genes potentially involved in the lignified cell wall formation, from the bibliography. The expression studies between the F271 parental line and four RILs carrying favorable alleles for the cell wall degradability (F288) at the major QTLs of bin 6. 06 allowed to highlight 360 differentially expressed genes. The targeted sequencing of BACs carrying the QTL region of interest, for F271 and F288, underlined the great polymorphism between these parental maize lines
Paux, Etienne. "Identification de gènes-candidats impliqués dans la formation du xylème chez l'eucalyptus." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30126.
Full textLakhal, Wassim. "Etude fonctionnelle de trois facteurs de transcription impliqués dans la formation de la paroi secondaire chez le peuplier." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2067/document.
Full textPlant R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TF) play an important role in secondary cell wall formation in wood cells, by activating or repressing their target genes within a complex regulatory network. Here, we used genetic engineering and chromatin immunoprecipitation technique, associated to next-generation sequencing (ChIP-SEQ) to determine the function of 3 R2R3-MYB TF in poplar. Plants overexpressing MYB090 had less lignified parenchyma rays. The stem growth and total lignin content were reduced. MYB090 regulates target genes through a highly conserved motif, similar to Gamyb. Its target genes are involved in lignin, cellulose and xylan biosynthesis, which are the major components of secondary cell wall. Poplars overexpressing MYB221-SRDX and MYB156 showed a decrease in fiber cell wall lignification, and a reduced growth. MYB221 have targets encoding for metabolic enzymes but also for another R2R3-MYB TF. MYB221 recognizes its target genes, most probably through SMRE (Secondary wall MYB-Responsive Element) conserved motif. In conclusion, the combination of ChIP-SEQ and genetic engineering approaches shows that MYB090 seems to be a transcriptional repressor of lignification, especially in parenchyma rays. MYB156 and MYB221 are also negative regulators of secondary cell wall lignification, in fibers and parenchyma rays. This work opens new avenues on the building of transcriptional regulatory networks involved in secondary cell wall formation