Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Parlements – Europe du Centre-Est'
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Cojocaru, Corina. "Les régimes parlementaires et le mécanisme constitutionnel en Europe centrale et orientale : Albanie, Estonie, Hongrie, Lettonie, Moldavie et République Tchèque." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA01A260.
Full textCojocaru, Corina. "Les régimes parlementaires et le mécanisme constitutionnel en Europe centrale et orientale : Albanie, Estonie, Hongrie, Lettonie, Moldavie, République tchèque." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010364.
Full textAmong the 17 countries from Central and Eastern Europe, only 6 are parliamentary regimes with a type of Govermnent of Cabinet : Albania, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Republic of Moldova and the Czech Republic, where the Presidents are being elected by the Parliaments and the executive power is bicephal. This mode of government is difficult to apply in practice in Central and Eastern Europe, since it raises certain questions in different countries, either because of the fact that the construction of a new political regime depended upon a sub-category of a post-communist model from the period of 1989 (initial, frozen and mature), or because of the fact that some countries do not have a veritable tradition of parliamentary democracy, as well as of the fact that the type of Government of Cabinet was more of a casual choice in the researched region, or because of the fact that the Parliaments from these countries do not have strong powers and a stable parliamentary majority (consequences of the type of electoral scrutiny). We have emphasized in this study the importance of the revision of certain Constitutions, especially in the Republic of Moldova (a country that had several political regimes since the independence proclamation in 1991) and the Czech Republic, as well as a redefinition of the interests of political actors, with a view to strengthen the legality over policy, by the consolidation of the role of the Constitutional Court, hereby defending the Constitution and ensuring a viable parliamentary system, based on real cooperation of all powers, where the Government does not present itself as the “absolute power” over the responsibilities of the Parliament
Radonova, Elitsa. "La construction des systèmes de partis politiques dans les pays de l’Europe centrale et orientale et l’intégration européenne : le cas de la Bulgarie, de la Roumanie et de la Slovaquie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010255.
Full textOur research work proposes to study the basis of the construction of the political party systems in post-communist countries and the internal and external factors affecting their evolution. The post 1989 changes were supposed to follow a sequential logic comprising certain inevitable steps - organization of free elections; the adoption of new constitutions, judiciary and administration reform, European harmonization etc, The expectation being that European integration would act as the driving force towards a gradual stabilization of the institutions and of the legal standards and that it would contribute, ultimately, to a progressive convergence of East European practices with those already in place within the European Union. The objective of this research thesis is to tackle the construction of the political party system in Central and Eastern Europe in the triple logic of: the structural characteristics of the political arena, the strategy of the main political actors and the role that the European variable played. Despite the progresses of the integration within the European Union, the atmosphere of permanent crisis and the "cycles of disillusionment" within the CEEC increase the chance that non-traditional and populist parties find a place within the national political scenes. Our research is conducted in a comparative way and its scope covers three countries: Bulgaria, Romania and Slovakia
Lefilleur, Julien. "Développement industriel et émergence de sous bassins régionaux en Europe Centrale et Orientale pendant la transition." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00568653.
Full textPataki, Gabor Zsolt. "Le devenir géopolitique des minorités hongroises dans le bassin des Carpates." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081541.
Full textAnalysis of political dynamics of the hungarian national minorities in central europe and of their system of relations with hungary. As well their impact on the european integra, tion process. Out of 13. 4 millions of hungarians in the carpathian basin, 3. 1 millions are living in hungary's neighbouring states. Hungarians became minority as a consequence of the treaty of trianon (1920). After living that shock, the hungarians built up a system of mental representations for not forgetting their lost territories and co-nationals. The geopolitical representations are still in the focus of relations between hungary and her neighbour nations. Hungarian minorities maintained a strong national identity, their status differs a lot according to the state in which they live. By taking into account the geopolitical representations that have the ones and the others, one may understand the rivalries of power in controlling these territories: where the hungarian minorities represent majority they desire to self-administrate themselves, and the state does not want to give up the control and leave it for a minority they mistrust. One may distinguish hungarian minorities according to the importance of geopolitical problem they induce: - those having a strong and collective national identity, where they are the most nu, merous: in transylvania (rumania), in upper-hungary (slovakia) and in voivodina (serbia). Their existence causes a major national problem for the state in which they live: this is the militant triangle of hungarian minorities - those having a strong hungarian identity and living in a country where the hungarian problem is not a major geopolitical problem (austria, croatia and slovenia). Limit case: hungarians of ukraine, 0. 31% of the population. After 1989 hungary officially declares that she feels responsible for the fate of hun, garians abroad. Hungarian minorities resisted to all types of assimilation and reaffirm their linguistic and educational revendications. Presentation of different scenarios, more or less probable for the hungarian communi, ties (devolution, cultural and/or territorial autonomy), in the light of the european integration process
Slabakova, Radmila. "Le destin d'une famille noble émigrée d'origine française dans l'empire des Habsbourg et en Tchécoslovaquie de la fin du XVIIIe aux années trente du XXe siècle : les Mensdorff-Pouilly." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE29015.
Full textThe history of an ancient noble family originally from lorraine that emigrated at the time of the french revolution and established itself, under the new name of mensdorff-pouilly, in the habsburg empire and, later, in bohemia and in moravia, where it remains to this day. The integration of the family was facilitated thanks as much to its marital strategies (union with the saxe-coburgs and, later, with the dietrichsteins) as to the talents and abilities of its members (ascension to the highest military and political posts of the monarchy). The latter are represented by three generations, each studied against the background of the evolution of habsburg society from the end of the 18th century to the first decades of the 20th century. It is a question of the penetration of the moral values of the enlightenment, of the social change between nobility and bourgeoisie, of the struggle of the nobility to remain in a position of eminence and of the relative decline of the latter. Rich sources taken from family archives, in particular the abundant correspondence, permit the analysis of other problems associated with the socio-psychological the values of the family among which the superiority of the notion of honor, the strategies, the relationships, friendships, the unity of the family in the narrow and wide senses of the word. The image of the family is completed by the analysis of the political positions of its members (among other things their attitude towards the question of nationalities) as well as by the study of the economic development of family properties
Suter, Bruno. "Der Ausbau der Schweizer diplomatischen Vertretung in den Nachfolgestaaten der Donaumonarchie 1918 bis 1921 /." Bern : P. Lang, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38857671r.
Full textZugravu-Soilita, Natalia. "Croissance, commerce, IDE et leur impact sur l'environnement : cas de l'Europe centrale et orientale et de la Communauté des États indépendants." Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450676.
Full textPisarek, Weronika. "La contribution de la Pologne au capitalisme de l'Europe du Centre-Est depuis 1989 : configuration institutionnelle et dépendances." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7018.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the specificities of Polish model of capitalism. By following the diversity of capitalism approach, which is amended by introducing the sixth institutional form that is the mode of insertion in the international system, it shows the existence of Central and Eastern Europe model of capitalism that includes Poland. The qualitative analysis which complements the statistical one, explains the formation of this particular capitalism model during the transition and its evolution since the EU accession of Central and Eastern Europe countries. Poland is analysed as a specific case of this model of capitalism. Its particularities are : the important place of the State in the economy, in particular the public ownership, relatively big financial markets and the specialisation of the international trade. The formation of this model of capitalism was strongly influenced by institutional, political and economic legacy of the socialist era. After the EU accession the evolution of institutions is impacted by the globalisation which appears through the international trade, FDI and international institutions
Schaeffer, Benoît. "L'institution présidentielle dans les Etats d'Europe centrale et orientale." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT4023.
Full textThis study aims to define the presidential institution in Eastern and Central European states. This institution is recent since it appeared with the constitutional modifications which have followed the "velvet revolutions". This institution lias many origins. The "constitutional models" offered by the Western states alongside with the constitutional history of these states, notably the democratic experience between the two world wars, had a decisive influence. After the fall of communism, because of charismatic leaders being present, the question of the role and the way to appoint a President was at the core of political debates between the main parties. The constitutional choices being made at this point, as well as the political practices during the constitutional transition, have proven beneficial to this institution. But in reaction to this period, the final Constitutions show on the contrary distrust towards this institution. After some founding confrontations, a determinedly parliamentarian reading of the constitutional texts has generally speaking asserted itself, following a rise in power of the Government. Only the lasting political crises enable Presidents to really intervene in the political games. Thus, with the exception of Romania and Poland, this institution plays today a litnited role in the parliamentary regimes
Rharrabti, Houda. "Essais sur la contagion financière en Europe." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100194.
Full textThis thesis examines some aspects of the financial contagion in Europe during the subprime crisis and the European sovereign debt. The aim of the first chapter is to study the transmission of financial stress in the Eurozone to Central and Eastern European countries (CEE). Our goal is to empirically examine the relationship between the degradation of the financial environment of the Eurozone -during these two crises- and the variations of volatility on the CEE’s stock markets. In the second chapter, we investigate contagion between pairs of Eurozone and CEE’s stock market. For this purpose, we opt for the methodology of Flavin et al. (2008) based on a unified approach that allows for testing both shift and bi-directional pure contagion. In the third chapter, we analyze the influence of the recent European sovereign debt crisis on banks’ equity returns for 15 countries. Our contribution to the literature is twofold. First, we use an explicit multifactor model of equity returns extended with a sovereign risk factor. Second, we adopt a Smooth Transition Regression (STR) framework that allows for an endogenous definition of crisis periods and captures the changes in parameters associated with shift contagion
Grandsenne, Florence. "Les intellectuels français face aux crises du communisme en Europe du Centre-Est : perception et interprétation des mouvements et de leur répression (1956-1981)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0018.
Full textThis study analyses the reactions of the french intellectuals to the three main eastern european crises once communism settled : the hungarian uprising of 1956, prague's spring of 1968 and the polish solidarnosc movement of 1980-1981. Its attempts to account for the impact of those crises - the movements themselves as well as their repression - on the french intelligentsia and the critical reflexion it lead to, first on the soviet system then, more widely on communism and marxism. The three movements are studied one after the other. For each of them, the cultural and political background is made explicit to clarify the intelligentsia's state of mind. Then each movement, related to the history of the country where it took place, is described. At last, the study of the intellectuals's stands (manifestoes, declarations) and of their written analyses allows us to bring out better their interpretation of the movement and to see if this changed their feelings about communism
Bouley, Elisabeth. "Les jeux et la romanisation des provinces balkaniques et danubiennes du 2ème s. Av. JC au 3ème ap. JC." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA1003.
Full textPham, Thuy Vân. "Ancrage nominal du taux de change et coûts de la désinflation : une estimation économétrique." Paris 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198619.
Full textToure, Mamoudou. "Evaluation empirique des politiques de stabilisation macroéconomique dans les économies en transition d'Europe." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2010/TOURE_Mamoudou_2010.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is about the macroeconomic stabilization programs of the European transition economies with the view to join Euro area. The goal is to evaluate the stabilization programs implemented in three economies which adopted the inflation targeting regime : the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary. Methodoligically, this thesis employs quantitative approach to access the monetary transmission mechanims, to analize the inflation dynamics and to study the empirical non linear monetary rules. The main findings suggest that Hungary is relatively better able to integrate in Euro area? On the otherhand, the Czech Republic and Poland appear to be less equipped to join the group of the oppotunity cost that they have to face in giving up their exchange rate regimes. Further, the inflation dynamics of these countries can be explained by the backward-lookink and forward-looking behaviours with later being dominant. Still more, monetary credibility plays a role in the desinflation process of these countries, especially Poland. Finally, the manetary authorities' reaction to nominal exchange rate depreciation points to the implicit utilization of menetary conditions indicator. Therefore, we identify two types of regimes in the course of transition. The disinflation regime appears to be more persistant
Noël, Jean-Sébastien. ""Le silence s'essouffle". Les expressions de la mort, du deuil et de la mémoire chez les compositeurs de cultures juives ashkénazes. Europe Centrale et Orientale, Etats-Unis (1880/1980)." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN21004/document.
Full textEven if, according to psychiatrist Jacques Hassoun "Judaism is not a funeral religion?", the wide Jewish world is not, however, restricted to only the religious aspects, and its musical currents are not only attached to liturgy. Dealing with Jewish cultures (insisting on the plural) allows us to take into account the feelings of affiliation in their all diversity, linked with mourning and the funeral thematic. This study, whose chronological extension (1880-1980) corresponds to a wide Twentieth Century, makes the choice of changing and evolving spaces. Rather than focusing on the "Pale of Settlement", or on the cultural capitals of Europe, it inscribes itself in an Eastern Europe - Central Europe - United States axis, so as to take into account transfers, counter-transfers and cultural mesh works, while distinguishing specific contexts. Studying ritual frameworks and social networks inside of which composers work, allows us, firstly, to understand fluctuant conditions and restrictions of the musical composition process on funeral thematic, in the liturgical or in the secular fields. So as to catch the huge diversity of attitudes and musical expressions, confronting day to day's death or "brutalized" death of pogroms and genocide, it is necessary to take into account the mutations of the experienced spaces and the creation's networks, regarding break points and times of disruption. Incidentally, Shoah is a nodal point in the history of musical forms: so, it deals with the methods of creation and diffusion of dirges and mourning songs in concentration camps from often sketchy and oral musical traces. Finally, the last part of this dissertation focuses on representations and phenomena of appropriation of a repertoire and a memory in the post-World War II era, as revealing anxiety as well as a new collective or individual way of mourning
Zdanowska, Natalia. "Intégration des villes d'Europe centrale et orientale dans l'économie-monde depuis 1989 : une entrée par les réseaux internationaux de commerce, de transport aérien et de firmes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H061.
Full textA quarter of century after the fall of the Berlin Wall, radical political and economic changes, integration into the world economy and the European Union, and the recent reinforcement of nationalism are still persistent subjects of debate with regards to the future of Central and Eastern Europe. This thesis examines three major transformative forces in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989 at city-level: europeanisation, globalization and endogenous changes – related to path dependence effects. The dynamics of these three forces are analyzed by looking at the evolution of economic exchanges of CEE cities with other worldwide cities in the context of transnational and globalized networks – air traffic and firms. They are confronted with trade networks at country level. This dissertation illustrates that integration into the world-economy has deepened polarization in Central and Eastern Europe between the Nord-West and the South-West. This integration process or different types of integration are not only a matter for big cities and metropolises. In spite of the predominance of europeanisation, links from the communist period continue to be a major economic force, especially for small and medium-sized cities, reflecting the historical in-between situation of Central and Eastern Europe
Ćwierć wieku później, radykalne zmiany polityczne i gospodarcze po upadku Muru Berlińskiego, integracja z gospodarką światową, przystąpienie do Unii Europejskiej oraz nasilające się tendencje nacjonalistyczne są wciąż bieżącymi tematami w dyskusji o przyszłości Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. W tym kontekście, dysertacja proponuje analizę zmian systemowych, które dokonały się w regionie na poziomie miast. Przedmiotem badania są trzy procesy towarzyszące transformacjom po 1989: europeizacja, globalizacja oraz przemiany w regionie uwarunkowane relacjami z przeszłości. Dynamika wymienionych trzech procesów zostanie zbadana w odniesieniu do wymian ekonomicznych między miastami Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej a innymi miastami Europy i świata w sferze międzynarodowych powiązań lotniczych i firmowych, porównanych z siecią handlową ukształtowaną między państwami regionu. Wnioski badawcze wykazują, że w rezultacie integracji z gospodarką światową pogłębia się polaryzacja przestrzeni Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w układzie północny zachód i południowy wschód. Różnorodność typów integracji odnosi się nie tylko do metropolii i dużych miast. Wobec dominującej siły europeizacji, powiązania z miastami z czasów komunistycznych są nadal ważnym aspektem funkcjonowania miast małych i średnich, ilustrując zarazem historyczną sytuację entre-deux Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Brailly, Julien. "Coopérer pour résister : interactions marchandes et réseaux multiniveaux dans un salon d'échanges de programmes de télévision en Europe Centrale et Orientale." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090066.
Full textToday television programs produced by a few American companies, the Majors, are among the most popular with viewers. This dissertation examines the process of cultural uniformisation that has driven this phenomenon by focusing on commercial interactions in the global distribution market for television programs. We observe both the actors who promote this uniformisation, the Majors, and the others, who try to resist it. To do this we look at how trade fairs in this sector work. Indeed, this industry is structured by a set of recurrent and annual trade fairs and festivals. The captation strategy of the Majors consists in offering only exclusive contracts and free-riding on the trade fairs themselves. During these events, they leave the official marketplace while remaining in the close vicinity in order to organize private screenings and attract the buyers with the deepest pockets. This behavior is tolerated because the participation, at least formal, ofthe Majors is vital for the organizers of the trade fairs due to the popularity of their production with buyers and the public. Based on ethnographic observations, organizational analyses and a multilevel network study (i.e. inter-individual networks of information exchange and of scheduled meetings, and inter-organizational networks of contracts between companies) in the main tradefair of Eastern Europe, we show that the weakest parties in the system can cooperate to resist the domination of the Majors. This cooperation is often based on local, triadic mechanisms that are multilevel, multimilieux and multiplex that we identify with their substructures, determinants and probability of occurrence
Landais, Benjamin. "Nations, privilèges et ethnicité à l'époque des Lumières : l'intégration de la société banataise dans la monarchie habsbourgeoise au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG025.
Full textThe Banat is a large region of the Balkans. It was conquered in 1716 by the Habsburg power over the Ottoman Empire and then governed directly from Vienna. In this context, the Habsburg civil servants made a pragmatic use of national categories. They were a means to determine an acceptable political behaviour towards groups defined by vague social boundaries, while respecting traditional middlemen and using the vernacular for political communication. However, the action of this strictly fiscal and military State was called into question by the widening of its prerogatives and the arrival of a new generation of civil servants in 1769. The influence of Kameralismus and the administrative statistic led the latter to consider the nations from a cultural point of view. But this imposed identity did not seem to be taken up by the population. On the contrary, people began to use the old sense of the privileged “nations” in their political claims directed to the emperor in the 1780s
Kunth, Antoine. "Chemins de fer en transition : le transport international de marchandises dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale, 1989-2004." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1109.
Full textThis thesis begins with the analysis of the freight transportation flows in the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), from 1989 up to membership of the European Union (EU) in 2004. During more than a decade, the CEECs have gone through deep political and macroeconomic structural changes that led to the opening up of the CEECs’ trade with the EU. The fall of the Berlin wall was followed by the reorientation and restructuring of the railway networks and services along the national borders, which are revealed by the freight flows. Although the transport demand changes as a result of the new trade exchanges, which give more importance to the road transport, railway networks are challenged by new factors of uncertainties generated by the transition process itself, such as the restructuring reforms initiated by CEECs’ governments, as part of the negotiations to enter the EU. Railways respond by implementing what is described as being surviv al strategies, and in some cases rehabilitate former socialist institutions that were actually abandoned in the early stage of the transition. Throughout the whole transition process, the railways demonstrate a strong capacity of inertia against change, whilst incarnating a needed form of stability during the periods of rapid and chaotic changes of transition
Maleki, Manuel. "Essais sur la nouvelle économie politique de la réforme." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354252.
Full textPourquoi certaines réformes sont-elles acceptées tandis que d'autres sont refusées ? Cette question qui se trouve au cœur de l'action politique est à la base de notre travail en sciences économiques. Pour déterminer les processus d'acceptation ou de rejet des réformes, nous nous sommes appuyés sur les travaux de la « nouvelle économie politique de la réforme », en distinguant trois éléments essentiels qui impactent l'acceptation des réformes. 1er élément : la crise économique. Elle a comme effet de modifier l'environnement et d'amener les agents à changer leurs comportements et donc à réformer. Toutefois, de nombreuses critiques contestent la validité de ce raisonnement : ceci tient en particulier au problème de la définition des baromètres de la crise. Nous présentons un nouveau modèle analytique qui a pour but d'expliciter le rôle de la crise économique en l'appréhendant comme un concept opérationnel.
Le deuxième élément est l'impact des institutions sur le processus de réforme. Plus particulièrement nous nous sommes intéressés à la cohérence institutionnelle qui existe tant au sein des institutions formelles que des institutions informelles. La notion de cohérence est fondamentale pour comprendre en quoi le cadre institutionnel est une aide ou un obstacle aux réformes. Cette réflexion nous amène à présenter une contribution analytique qui a pour objet de montrer l'importance de la cohérence institutionnel dans le processus d'acceptation des réformes. Enfin, le troisième élément est le rôle individuel joué par les hommes et femmes dans le processus de réforme à travers le soutien qu'ils peuvent apporter à ces politiques. Nous avons fait le point sur le soutien populaire aux réformes avant de proposer une étude économétrique qui a pour objectif de comprendre les déterminants individuels du soutien aux réformes économiques dans les Pays d'Europe Centrale et Orientale durant la phase de transition. L'importance du statut professionnel dans les choix des individus est également démontrée.
Ben, Abdelkader Fahmi. "Du droit de l'État à l'État de droit dans les pays arabes de la Méditerranée : Analyse économique des institutions de gouvernance et de leur évolution." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422547.
Full textDans ce travail, le développement est compris avant tout comme un processus de transformation institutionnelle d'un système où l'État est instrumentalisé à des fins privées via des arrangements interrelationnels et informels vers un système institutionnel fondé sur des mécanismes plus transparents et davantage respectueux de la règle du droit impersonnel. Les importants travaux de Douglass North nous enseignent en effet que la source d'une croissance économique durable est à rechercher d'abord dans l'existence d'institutions qui incitent à une organisation économique efficiente. Ce sont ces institutions, définies comme les règles du jeu dans une société, qui réduisent l'incertitude en offrant une structure stable des interactions humaines. Elles fournissent l'élément fondamental du processus de création de richesse : la confiance, la confiance que les agents économiques ont dans le respect des institutions qui régissent leurs interactions. Dès lors, l'analyse du développement se déplace vers la recherche des facteurs qui génèrent la confiance, voire les facteurs de destruction de cette confiance.
Appliquée aux pays arabes de la Méditerranée (PAM), notre démarche cherche à expliquer pourquoi les réformes de bonne gouvernance mise en oeuvre dans ces pays n'ont pas produit les résultats attendus. Pour ce faire, nous élaborons de nouveaux outils conceptuels afin d'analyser conjointement les dynamiques des institutions de gouvernance et du développement économique dans ces pays qui connaissent des mutations importantes en raison de leur insertion dans l'économie mondiale et la multiplication des acteurs. Nous mobilisons les indicateurs institutionnels issus des enquêtes élaborées par le MINEFE afin de décrire les spécificités institutionnelles des pays arabes de la Méditerranée. À travers une analyse multidimensionnelle,
nous montrons que les réformes institutionnelles dans ces pays sont effectives mais les systèmes de gouvernance des entreprises et des Etats, censés délimiter le pouvoir discrétionnaire des élites dirigeantes, demeurent faiblement contraignants. La transition institutionnelle reste ainsi partielle en raison de la résistance d'une certaine élite au changement d'un système institutionnel qui leur permet un accès privilégié aux ressources du pouvoir. Nous soutenons dans ce travail que les systèmes institutionnels à l'oeuvre dans les PAM ne sont pas de nature à contraindre l'action des élites dirigeantes à entreprendre les réformes nécessaires au changement institutionnel. Nous avançons les arguments selon lesquels la persistance des institutions héritées du passé et la perpétuation des modèles de pensée claniques ont plutôt favorisé les organisations prédatrices et les institutions tournées vers la recherche de rente.
Maatsch, Sönke. "Social policies in the European Union after the eastward enlargement : selective migration and its impact on the financing of social protection." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL12005.
Full textImmigration from the Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) having joined the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007 has raised uncertainty about its impact in the receiving states. Among others, there were fears that the well-developed social protection systems could attract mostly low-skilled migrants over-proportionally resorting to social benefits and hence causing additional costs for social protection.The theoretical model developed in this dissertation, by contrast, shows that the high-skilled have the highest incentive to move if the major incentive for migration are wage differences between two countries. An empirical analysis of migration flows from the CEEC to Germany and Ireland confirms that the ‘new’ migrants have comparatively high levels of education. However, the analysis of their labour market performance shows that they are under-represented in higher positions and earn significantly less than the native population and other immigrant groups.Based on these empirical findings, it is shown in the final part of the dissertation that a detailed account of the contributions and benefit schemes as well as of the EU legislation pertaining to EU-internal migrants’ entitlements is necessary in order to determine whether the financing of certain benefits could be compromised by East-West migration. The analysis shows that it is actually the financing of social protection in the sending states that suffers most from East-West migration, while the receiving states may actually benefit from this migration, most notably their pay-as-you-go pension systems
Gérard, Marc. "Economic catching-up and monetary integration of Central and Eastern European countries." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100021.
Full textThis research investigates the challenges of price level catching-up for macroeconomic stability in Central and Eastern European transition countries seeking to enter the Euro area. In this respect, an equilibrium real exchange rate model suggests that the process of real appreciation observed along economic catching-up in these countries can be ascribed to different relative price developments, depending on the exchange rate regime, as exemplified by contrasted external debt trajectories. In flexible exchange rate economies, the increase in the nominal exchange rate fosters an endogenous appreciation of the terms of trade in the medium run, by channelling foreign direct investment and associated productivity gains to the exposed sector of the economy, thus appreciating the equilibrium real exchange rate and strengthening the current account over time. In fixed exchange rate economies, positive valuation effects associated with the increase in domestic relative prices tend to divert investment to the sheltered sector, thus undermining external competitiveness and bringing about higher external debt. Furthermore, monetary integration entails specific risks for macroeconomic stability in catching-up economies, because it implies a process of rapid convergence in the financing conditions across member States, which takes place as soon as the perspective of accession to the common monetary area appears credible. A dynamic, rational expectations model shows that the appreciation of the nominal exchange rate becomes crucial to curtail the economic overheating triggered by the demand shock associated with financial convergence. By contrast, diminishing country risk premia under fixed exchange rate regimes are likely to cause ‘boom bust’ cycles, with an increase in external indebtedness followed by deflationary developments once in the monetary union
Ba, Oumar. "La politisation des partis à caractère ethnique dans les pays postcommunistes d’Europe Centrale et Orientale : une comparaison des trajectoires de la Bulgarie, la Serbie, le Monténégro et le Kosovo." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40052.
Full textThe revolutions of Eastern induced fragmentation of States were accompanied internally by a revival of ethnic parties, which is not without its problems in political democracy. Transitions and even more democratic consolidation are emerging a double phenomenon of interaction between actors and the system in search of a new equilibrium. Ethnic parties then politicize the system opens the ethnic actor. We are witnessing an evolutionary adjustment of the system to the new situation. The system opens to the new demands ethnic ways and to different degrees: between legalization and tolerance. Side actors, are gradually returning ethnic parties in the political game, in different ways and to different degrees. In our problem the field deploy interactive relationships between multi-level actors (parties-States) and in the various fields (political, societal and legal). Their connections are crossed between the State and international space, public and civil, political and social, with host countries or origin, but also the third States. They are separatist ambitions or simply political lobbies. We tried to highlight the main aspects of the complexity of the ethnic issue in young democracies political '' in consolidation ''. The ethnic problem of CEEC can help us to complete updating some general visions of political science? The actors involved are invited to avoid the pitfalls of nationalism perceived as '' petty '' or '' chaotic '' while serving the cause of a more flexible policy integration to the ‘‘democratic peace’’