Journal articles on the topic 'Parks and Agriculture Management'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Parks and Agriculture Management.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Parks and Agriculture Management.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Coly, Ismaila, Tahirou Charles Diatta, Daouda Ngom, Aliou Badji, and Omar Gueye. "Caractéristiques de la flore et de la végétation ligneuses des parcs agroforestiers de l’arrondissement de Tendouck (Basse Casamance, Sénégal)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 5 (September 14, 2020): 1558–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.6.
Full textAbstract:
L’agriculture occupe une place très importante dans l’arrondissement de Tendouck. Pour augmenter leurs rendements, les agriculteurs laissent délibérément dans leurs champs certaines espèces ligneuses. Cette étude a pour objectif général de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des caractéristiques des parcs agroforestiers du département de Bignona. Pour ce faire, une placette de 2500 m² (50 mx50 m) a été installée dans les champs de chaque agriculteur retenu dans un échantillon de 98 agriculteurs. Cet échantillon est réparti entre les différentes communes de l’arrondissement au prorata de leur poids démographique soit 16 ; 21 ; 22 ; 30 et 9 placettes respectivement dans les communes de Balinghore, Diégoune, Kartiack, Mangagoulack et Mlomp. La flore dans l’arrondissement de Tendouck est riche de 53 espèces réparties en 45 genres relevant de 20 familles botaniques. Au niveau de l'arrondissement de Tendouck la densité des arbres des parcs agroforestiers est de 42 pieds/ha, la surface terrière de 3,21 m²/ha et le taux de recouvrement de 18,82%. Ces parcs sont très diversifiés avec un indice de Shannon de 3,91 et un indice de Pielou de 0,79. Le taux de régénération y est très important (88,19%). La structure par classes de hauteur du peuplement ligneux des parcs agroforestiers révèle une prédominance des jeunes individus avec 24,73% des individus appartenant à la classe de hauteur [2-4 m]. La classe de diamètre la plus représentée est [5-20 cm] avec 42, 99% des individus. Ces résultats constituent une base pour une gestion rationnelle et durable de ces écosystèmes en vue de permettre aux agriculteurs de mieux tirer profit de leurs services dans l’arrondissement de Tendouck. Il apparait ainsi judicieux de poursuivre cette étude dans les autres départements de la Basse Casamance en vue de disposer d’une base de données des parcs agroforestiers de cette zone éco géographique.Mots clés: Champs, composition floristique, structure, agriculteurs, caractéristiques structurales
English title: Characteristics of the woody flora and vegetation in the agroforestry parks of the Tendouck district (Lower Casamance, Senegal)Agriculture occupies a very important place in the district of Tendouck. In order to increase their yields, farmers deliberately leave certain woody species in their fields. The general objective of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of the characteristics of agroforestry parks in the Bignona district. To this end, a 2500 m² (50 mx50 m) plot was installed in the fields of each farmer selected from a sample of 98 farmers. This sample is distributed among the different communes of the district in proportion to their demographic weight, therefore 16; 21; 22; 30 and 9 plots respectively in the communes of Balinghore, Diégoune, Kartiack, Mangagoulack and Mlomp. The flora in the district of Tendouck is rich of 53 species divided into 45 genera belonging to 20 botanical families. At the level of Tendouck district, the density of trees in agroforestry parks is 41.55 trees/ha, the basal area of 3.21 m²/ha and the rate of covering of 18.82%. These parks are very diversified with a Shannon index of 3.91 and a Pielou index of 0.79. The regeneration rate is very high (88.19%). The height class structure of the woody stand in the agroforestry parks reveals a predominance of young individuals with 24.73% of the individuals belonging to the height class [2-4 m]. The most represented diameter class is [5-20 cm] with 42.99% of the individuals. These results provide a basis for rational and sustainable management of these ecosystems with a view to improving the living conditions of farmers in the Tendouck district. It therefore seems advisable to continue this study in the other departments of Lower Casamance in order to have a data of the agroforestry parks of this eco-geographical area.Keywords: Fields, floristic composition, structure, farmers, structural features
2
Spagnoli, Luisa, and Luigi Mundula. "Between Urban and Rural: Is Agricultural Parks a Governance Tool for Developing Tourism in the Periurban Areas? Reflections on Two Italian Cases." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 8108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148108.
Full textAbstract:
The new demand for rurality raises new issues: it is no longer a question of sustaining a traditional agricultural model based exclusively on productivity and profit maximisation, but rather agriculture strongly oriented towards the production of non-commodity outputs that very often have the characteristics of externalities or public goods. Based on these assumptions, the paper intends to frame the role of multifunctional agriculture for the development of peri-urban areas looking in particular to the agricultural parks phenomenon, in which innovative and multifunctional agriculture is practiced (with environmental, landscape, and social functions), to asses if they can represent a strategic resource for the tourist enhancement of territories on the edge of urban and rural areas. With this perspective, two Italian case studies, Parco agricolo di Ciaculli (Palermo and Parco agricolo Sud Milano (Milano), have been analyzed highlighting their main characteristics and under which conditions they can play the role of tourism development driver.
3
Straka, Thomas J., Richard L. Ridgway, Robert H. Tichenor, Roy L. Hedden, and Joel A. King. "Cost Analysis of a Specialized Gypsy Moth Management Program for Suburban Parks." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 14, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/14.1.32.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The development of efficient and improved management programs for the gypsy moth requires detailed data on the benefits and costs of various treatment alternatives and program options. The objective of this study was to provide a cost analysis of a specialized gypsy moth management program for suburban parks. Cost data from the Maryland Department of Agriculture were used to perform a cost analysis of a hypothetical suburban park situation. The egg mass survey was assigned a cost of $24.68 per point. Most of the nonsurvey costs can be attributed to application (44% or $26.93/ha). Treatment material was the least costly component at 15% of total nonsurvey cost ($8.95/ha). Support and overhead accounted for the remaining 41% ($25.24/ha). The hypothetical suburban park would incur $2,158 in survey costs and $40,473 in application costs (roughly one-third from second applications). On the average, a suburban park had treatment costs of $42.85/ha (total park area, treated and untreated). North. J. Appl. For. 14(21):32-39.
4
Hong, In-Kyoung, Young-Bin Jung, Hyung Kwon Yun, and Sang-Mi Lee. "Derivation of Necessary Items for Implementation of Gardens in Urban Agricultural Parks." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 24, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2021.24.4.329.
Full textAbstract:
Background and objective This study was conducted to obtain empirical data for deriving necessary items for the creation and management of gardens in urban agricultural parks while maintaining the publicness of the place by examining the difference in perception among park visitors about the gardens in the public parks. Methods A survey was conducted on users of urban agricultural parks in 6 locations and 113 copies of the questionnaire were collected. After understanding the demographic characteristics and the current use of the garden, we identified the importance of the necessary items for the public gardens. Results 108 subjects(95.6%) responded that gardens are needed in urban parks, for psychological and emotional health (26.2%) and for interaction and friendship with family and neighbors(23.2%). For use of garden crops, most were private sales(96 subjects, 64.4%), and both sales preferred to partially donate their crops. Most used communal gardens operated by public institutions(30.1%). It was found that 96.4% of the respondents were satisfied with gardening activities, and 107(94.7%) of them showed their intention to participate in the gardening in the future. The Kaiser Meyer Olkin value was .848 and the significance level was .001, proving the validity of factor analysis. The factors were named composition elements(Factor 1), management items(Factor 2), convenience elements(Factor 3), and operational facilities(Factor 4). In the survey on the creation and management of gardens in urban agricultural parks, there were no statistically significant differences, but all items had correlations. Conclusion The results have reflected the needs of actual users in establishing the plans to operate urban gardens, thereby having great utility value as the basic data for continuous garden management. Further research can be conducted to derive detailed elements that can guarantee sustainability of urban gardens and suggest high-quality data for management of gardens in urban agricultural parks.
5
GADD, MICHELLE E. "Conservation outside of parks: attitudes of local people in Laikipia, Kenya." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 1 (March 2005): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905001918.
Full textAbstract:
Conflict between wildlife and people can erode local support for conservation. Wildlife-based benefits are intended to offset costs and encourage tolerance or stewardship, but where the linkage between benefits and wildlife is not understood, benefits may be ineffective at bolstering conservation. In Laikipia, Kenya, wildlife and areas devoted to wildlife are on the increase, but most residents still suffer losses to wildlife and derive minimal benefits. The elephant situation is particularly problematic because elephants may compete with livestock for resources, raid people's crops, and chase and kill livestock and people. Although most unprotected elephant range in East Africa is in semi-arid rangelands occupied by pastoralists, previous research has emphasized agricultural, not pastoral or agri-pastoral conflicts. Between 1999 and 2002, interviews were conducted in Laikipia District to examine whether pastoralists also experience conflict, and to determine whether wildlife conservation provided appreciable benefits to residents, or fostered pro-conservation attitudes among residents. Three properties, Endana, Koija and Mpala, were selected to include the two primary land uses in Laikipia (livestock and agriculture) and two levels of wildlife-based benefits (indirect benefits and direct benefits from a locally-owned tourism operation). People were negative about many aspects of local wildlife conservation, especially animals that raided crops or were dangerous. Fundamental differences in attitudes were attributable to primary land use; within ethnic groups, people practising agriculture were less tolerant of elephants than people practising pastoralism. Despite evidence that elephants may compete with livestock for forage, ecological competition was not a primary concern among cattle-keeping people. In communities that received indirect benefits from tourism or wildlife, the connection between wildlife and employment or aid in kind was usually overlooked. Unlike elsewhere in Africa, education and wealth did not correlate with positive attitudes towards wildlife because the tourism programme was improving the situation and the outlook of people lacking education and material wealth. Pastoral people with indirect financial benefits expressed positive attitudes towards elephants for aesthetic reasons, while pastoral people with direct benefits cited financial rewards derived from tourism but attributed aesthetic values to living with elephants. The programme in the pastoral community receiving benefits was exemplary in that benefits were tangible, and the participants appreciated the linkage between benefits and active conservation. Land conversion from pastoralism to agriculture threatens elephant survival, not only in terms of habitat loss, but also in terms of lost tolerance among people who have shifted to farming.
6
Negru, Ciprian, Isabel Domínguez Gaibor, Aureliu-Florin Hălălișan, and Bogdan Popa. "Management Effectiveness Assessment for Ecuador’s National Parks." Diversity 12, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12120487.
Full textAbstract:
Ecuador belongs to the group of 17 megadiverse countries on the planet, and the Ecuadorian national system of protected areas covers around 20% of the country’s territory. Despite some initiatives for protected areas management effectiveness evaluation, the information on this matter is scarce and a general overview is missing. In this context, this study aims at investigating problems faced by National Parks in Ecuador and developing a base level management effectiveness evaluation for possible comparative assessments in the future. Focusing on all 12 legally established National Parks, this study used the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT), an internationally consecrated methodology based on a scorecard questionnaire that includes six elements of management cycle: context, planning, inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes. The questionnaire was applied to Ecuadorian National Parks management teams through face-to-face interviews. The resulted overall management effectiveness indices are between 40.6% and 99.0%. The general condition of biodiversity value was considered as good in line with the legal status and National Parks design but topics related to budget allocation, tourism arrangements, communities and indigenous people received lower scores. The low enforcement emphasis is not necessarily the best way to improve management effectiveness; the identified issues should be addressed by including communities and indigenous people in the decision making and benefits sharing as well as strategic allocation of budgetary resources, with proper adaptation to Natural Parks’ specific conditions.
7
Strunk, Christopher, and Ursula Lang. "Gardening as More than Urban Agriculture: Perspectives from Smaller Midwestern Cities on Urban Gardening Policies and Practices." Case Studies in the Environment 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2018.001545.
Full textAbstract:
For the most part, research and policymaking on urban gardening have focused on community gardens, whether in parks, vacant lots, or other public land. This emphasis, while important for many Midwestern cities, can obscure the significance of privately owned land such as front yard and back yard and their crucial connections with gardening on public land. In this case study, we examine how policies and practices related to gardening and the management of green space in two Midwestern cities exceed narrow visions of urban agriculture. The article explores the cultivation of vacant lot gardens and private yards as two modes of property in similar Midwestern contexts and argues that the management of green space is about more than urban agriculture. Instead, we show how urban gardening occurs across public/private property distinctions and involves a broader set of actors than those typically included in sustainability policies. Gardening also provides a key set of connections through which neighbors understand and practice sustainability in Midwestern cities.
8
McPherson, Malcolm F. "Land Policy in Vietnam." Journal of Macromarketing 32, no. 1 (November 20, 2011): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146711427447.
Full textAbstract:
Land policy is crucial to Vietnam’s socioeconomic development. Yet, land policy in Vietnam often is short-sighted, resulting in inequities and a form of commons tragedy. In this essay, the author reviews the evolving land policy in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, pointing out inconsistencies and shortcomings. The essay concludes with recommendations to improve policy and the long-term well-being of Vietnam and its people; specifically, several events should occur for Vietnam to achieve middle-income status by 2020, as the government of Vietnam intends. Rapid industrialization and modernization should continue; land currently used for agriculture (particularly rice) need to be converted to industrial parks; residential areas, and infrastructure; and all land should be used in ways that yields the highest social returns. Public investment should help boost agricultural (and land) productivity; and environmental (and land) management should ensure that the institutions and incentives support environmental sustainability.
9
Osathanunkul, Maslin, Nipitpong Sawongta, Wittaya Pheera, Nikolaos Pechlivanis, Fotis Psomopoulos, and Panagiotis Madesis. "Exploring plant diversity through soil DNA in Thai national parks for influencing land reform and agriculture planning." PeerJ 9 (August 2, 2021): e11753. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11753.
Full textAbstract:
Background The severe deforestation, as indicated in national forest data, is a recurring problem in many areas of Northern Thailand, including Doi Suthep-Pui National Park. Agricultural expansion in these areas, is one of the major drivers of deforestation, having adverse consequences on local plant biodiversity. Conserving biodiversity is mainly dependent on the biological monitoring of species distribution and population sizes. However, the existing conventional approaches for monitoring biodiversity are rather limited. Methods Here, we explored soil DNA at four forest types in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park in Northern Thailand. Three soil samples, composed of different soil cores mixed together, per sampling location were collected. Soil biodiversity was investigated through eDNA metabarcoding analysis using primers targeting the P6 loop of the plastid DNA trnL (UAA) intron. Results The distribution of taxa for each sample was found to be similar between replicates. A strong congruence between the conventional morphology- and eDNA-based data of plant diversity in the studied areas was observed. All species recorded by conventional survey with DNA data deposited in the GenBank were detected through the eDNA analysis. Moreover, traces of crops, such as lettuce, maize, wheat and soybean, which were not expected and were not visually detected in the forest area, were identified. It is noteworthy that neighboring land and areas in the studied National Park were once used for crop cultivation, and even to date there is still agricultural land within a 5–10 km radius from the forest sites where the soil samples were collected. The presence of cultivated area near the forest may suggest that we are now facing agricultural intensification leading to deforestation. Land reform for agriculture usage necessitates coordinated planning in order to preserve the forest area. In that context, the eDNA-based data would be useful for influencing policies and management towards this goal.
10
Ridgway, R. L., K. W. Thorpe, R. E. Webb, and L. Venables. "Gypsy Moth Management in Suburban Parks: Program Evaluation2." Journal of Entomological Science 29, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.4.557.
Full textAbstract:
A specialized gypsy moth management program for urban parks was implemented in six state and county parks and the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) in Maryland in 1990 and 1991. Decisions to treat with aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (one or two applications) or diflubenzuron or to not treat were based on gypsy moth egg mass density, egg mass size, percentage of susceptible host trees, amount of previous defoliation, and the potential non-target effects of diflubenzuron. A total of 1025 and 1926 ha in the management program was treated with one and two applications of B. thuringiensis, respectively, and 1204 ha were left untreated. One block of 47 ha was treated with diflubenzuron. Larval mortality as a result of the treatments averaged 76 and 83% in areas treated with one and two applications of B. thuringiensis, respectively, and 87% in the area treated with diflubenzuron. Some noticeable defoliation occurred under all treatments. The greatest amount of defoliation (29% of total area) occurred in a management unit with an average initial egg mass density of 49,250/ha that was treated twice with B. thuringiensis. Comparisons with adjacent areas not included in the management program indicated that even when defoliation did occur, it was reduced both in severity and extent by the treatments. This evaluation of the gypsy moth management program that was developed to provide a high level of foliage protection in suburban parks indicated that a number of improvements can be made in the program. However, without more efficacious intervention tactics, the goal of preventing noticeable defoliation in any part of a management unit may not be achievable solely with biological agents where extremely high gypsy moth population densities are present.
11
Shen, Peng, Lin Zi Li, Ze Qiang Fu, and Jing Guo. "The Empirical Study on Industrial Park Circular Economy Transformation - Binxi Industrial Park." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2327.
Full textAbstract:
Circular economy transformation of industrial park refers to reforming and upgrading the traditional industrial park in accordance with the concept of circular economy, with the focus on the transformation and construction of the industrial structure, infrastructure, production technology, management mechanism and so on, thus improving the utilization efficiency of resource and energy, and reducing pollution emissions. Taking Binxi industrial Park as an example, based on the problems existing in the development process, this paper determines the main tasks of circular economy transformation and constructs the main recycling industry chains, providing a model for the circular economy transformation of the industrial parks that are agriculture and Forestry based.
12
Xie, Miaomiao, Manyu Li, Zhaoyang Li, Meng Xu, Yan Chen, Ran Wo, and De Tong. "Whom Do Urban Agriculture Parks Provide Landscape Services to and How? A Case Study of Beijing, China." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 4967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124967.
Full textAbstract:
An urban agriculture park (UAP) is a mixture of various kinds of urban agriculture and has a group of administrators to plan and manage its landscapes. Thus, the relationships between users and the ability of the UAPs to provide services are crucial. This study investigated the user profiles of three kinds of UAPs in Beijing, China. Investigation of 345 interviewees suggested that most of the users have an upper-middle level income and are well educated. Social connections vary across different types of UAPs. An assessment matrix of landscape services was introduced for a pioneer of UAP, Little Donkey Farm, based on questionnaires, a field survey, and indicators of landscape patterns. Pearson correlations between service demands and users’ characters showed age, companions, and education level were significantly correlated to the needs of scenery and education services. The landscape with the highest supply value was the vegetable plots planted by members. The scenery service was not adequately supplied, and 31.5% of the areas did not meet the demand. Based on the budgets of supply and demand, six types of landscape should be optimized. This study provides an approach to understand the path of landscape service provision in UAP and supports basic knowledge on how to better involve urban agriculture in sustainable development.
13
Soshenskyi, Oleksandr, Sergiy Zibtsev, Vasyl Gumeniuk, Johann Georg Goldammer, Roman Vasylyshyn, and Volodymyr Blyshchyk. "The current landscape fire management in Ukraine and strategy for its improvement." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Recurrent wildfires in Ukraine exert severe impacts on the environment, human health and security as well as damage to private and public assets. From 2007 to 2020, the frequency of large wildfires has increased and reached a level that has not occurred previously. The period during April-October 2020 was the worst in modern Ukrainian history for the occurrence of catastrophic fires, e.g. in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (67 000 ha), Zhytomyr oblast (43 000 ha), Lugansk oblast (35 000 ha) and Kharkiv oblast (8 000 ha). In Ukraine there is the additional problem of open burning, mainly burning agriculture residues, which covers two million hectares (ha) annually. State forestry enterprises who are responsible for the management of 71% of the Ukrainian forests (7.6 million ha)and agricultural holdings are also responsible for the management of 41.3 million ha of croplands. The remaining forest users manage forest areas of 3.1 million ha within reserves and national nature parks. This article presents a brief overview of the problem of forest fires as well as of fires in other landscapes in Ukraine, and includes a critical reviews of the current wildfire management system and a description of the main features of the national wildfire management strategy. It also highlights the results of a survey of numerous stakeholders conducted on landscape fires in Ukraine. Based on the review of global and regional experiences, as well as existing fire risks in Ukraine, recommendations were developed for implementing an integrated landscape level national fire management approach.
14
Gottelli, Dada, and Claudio Sillero-Zubiri. "The Ethiopian wolf – an endangered endemic canid." Oryx 26, no. 4 (October 1992): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300023735.
Full textAbstract:
The Ethiopian wolf is a social canid endemic to the highlands of Ethiopia. Today perhaps only 500 individuals survive, making it the world's rarest and probably most endangered canid. Its range has already been reduced and it is threatened by further loss of habitat to high-altitude subsistence agriculture and overgrazing by livestock. Today it survives in only six locations, with the largest and probably only genetically viable population being found in the Bale Mountains National Park. The most immediate threats for the survival of Ethiopian wolves are disease, domestic dogs and human persecution. Improved management in Bale and Simien Mountains National Parks and the establishment of a captive-breeding programme are urgently needed to prevent the extinction of this species.
15
Fornal-Pieniak, Beata, Marcin Ollik, and Axel Schwerk. "Do Adjacent Forests Affect the Regeneration of Oak-Hornbeam and Ancient Forest Plant Species in Manor Parks in Poland?" Forests 12, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12050538.
Full textAbstract:
Manor parks are characteristic objects in the agricultural landscape of Poland. Lack of proper management after World War II, however, led to their devastation from a cultural point of view, but may allow the regeneration of rare and endangered species. The aim of our study was to determine if the presence of forests in the vicinity of manor parks will work as an accelerator of the regeneration process of oak-hornbeam and ancient forest species. Phytosociological analyses were conducted in manor parks adjacent to forests and not adjacent to the forest as well as natural forests. The total number of plant species, number and percentage share of ancient forest species, and plant species consistent with oak-hornbeam habitat were analyzed using a GLM model. Characteristic species were identified using detrended correspondence analysis. Parks adjacent to forests and natural forests showed higher numbers of total species, ancient forest species, and oak-hornbeam species compared with parks not adjacent to forests, but there were no differences in percentage shares of ancient forest species and oak-hornbeam species. For all three types of studied objects, characteristic species could be identified. We conclude that adjacent forests allow greater regeneration of ancient forest species and oak-hornbeam forest species in manor parks.
16
Schwartz, Mark W., Kent H. Redford, and Elaine F. Leslie. "Fitting the US National Park Service for Change." BioScience 69, no. 8 (July 10, 2019): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz071.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The US National Park Service (NPS), which manages over 85 million acres and over 400 units, contends with myriad external drivers of ecosystem change that threaten parks. Stressors such as invasive species, habitat fragmentation, warming climates and rising sea level, raise the potential that parks will not attain or sustain their congressionally designated missions. Using invasive animals as a focal example of such changes, we suggest the NPS consider increasing active management of resources, participating in cooperative ecoregional management, increasing the use of public participation, and using formal decision support tools. We illustrate how these management approaches are currently underused. Acknowledging that invasive species are but one of a suite of problems that are threatening to overwhelm park management capacity we believe that the approaches we outline generalize to myriad problems facing the NPS.
17
Tignor*, Milton E., Gene A. Giacomelli, Tracy A. Irani, Chieri Kubota, Margaret J. McMahon, Sandra B. Wilson, and David A. Heleba. "Multimedia Instrument for Greenhouse Education: Establishing Potential Clientele." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 809D—810. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.809d.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, in the United States, the greenhouse industry covers more than 15,000 acres and is supported by a diverse number of firms with employee expertise that includes greenhouse manufacturing, engineering, irrigation, horticulture, IPM, sales, marketing, and business management. The growing greenhouse industry continues to be in need of highly trained undergraduates that have mastered an amalgam of scientific and business concepts necessary to be competitive in today's agricultural marketplace. Using a multidisciplinary approach we are creating a multimedia instrument for utilization in a variety of greenhouse related courses. This instrument ultimately will be available on the web for anyone to access. To ensure that our vision matches need, we have reviewed the courses offered throughout the United States at 1862, 1890, and 1994 land grant institutions. Course information collected includes; college, Dept., title, level, description, website (if available) and instructor e-mail (if available). Interestingly, there are at least 84 courses offering some aspect of greenhouse science in the U.S. Most are offered in Colleges of Agriculture or Engineering, but are housed in 17 diverse Dept.s. Examples include Dept.s of Horticulture; Agronomy and Horticulture; Agricultural Biosystems and Engineering; Plant, Soil, and Entomological Science; and Horticulture, Forestry, Landscape & Parks. This information will be utilized to focus the instructional design phase of the multimedia instrument, to contact current course instructors for feedback, and to frame future development of the resource.
18
Uchiyama, Yuta, and Ryo Kohsaka. "Access and Use of Green Areas during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Green Infrastructure Management in the “New Normal”." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 9842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239842.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to identify the influence of the socioeconomic attributes and environmental contexts of citizens’ residential areas on the access and use of green areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results can aid policymaking and facilitate the safe and unrestricted use of green areas during the pandemic. The access and use of green areas were analyzed using a survey conducted after the official COVID-19 emergency in Japan (16 April to 14 May, 2020). Visits to green areas during the pandemic have gained salience globally from multiple perspectives: health, planning, social justice, and equity. The results of this study demonstrated that socioeconomic factors influenced the frequency of visiting green areas. The factors further influenced the use of the three categories of green areas (parks, agricultural lands, and gardens). Environmental contexts, including the land use patterns in residential areas, also influenced the use of specific types of green areas. Thus, policies need to further facilitate visits to green areas by reflecting the socioeconomic attributes of residents and their households, including income, number of children, gender, and age, incorporating those who have less access and considering the spread of COVID-19 locally. Furthermore, policies for the use of specific green areas, including parks, agricultural lands, and gardens, need to take cognizance of the residents’ environmental contexts. Management of specific green areas, like agricultural lands, is required, and residents should be provided with opportunities to use these areas with measures to avoid infection.
19
Ilnicki, Piotr, Krzysztof Górecki, and Piotr Lewandowski. "Peatlands and their protection: select landscape parks of the Wielkopolska region." Journal of Water and Land Development 31, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2016-0036.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn the context of five significantly different landscape parks in Wielkopolska (30,413 ha) 243 peatlands have been presented in terms of their characteristics, stratigraphy, change in means of utilisation and localisation. Thus trends in the change of peatland utilisation means in the period 1970–2016 were established and the resulting negative effects indicated. For this purpose the process of peatland protection established was analysed in the context of management plans carried out for both the protection of landscape parks and Natura 2000 sites within their territory. The above management plans, however, do not provide information as to localisation data, stratigraphy and to what purpose peatlands are used, which in all cover 2,690 ha – 4.2% of parks’ area. Most often this means there are no formal applications for their protection. This could be said to be a biproduct of a lack of discussion as to the major threat to the environment presented by the increasing disappearance of peatlands – a result of the mineralisation and moorsh process of peat soils. To a large extent the former has resulted from a lack of scientific expertise in respect to soils, peats and land reclamation in research teams preparing landscape management plans.
20
Schilling, Olivia, and Adrian Tejedor Gutierrez. "Tree ferns dominate secondary succession in abandoned pineapple plantations around Manu National Park, Peru." Acta Botanica Malacitana 42, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v42i1.3004.
Full textAbstract:
Habitat management and restoration in buffer zones of national parks is critical for maintaining ecosystem services and biological connectivity in and around the parks’ core protected areas. Vegetation succession in abandoned plantations in buffer zones may take different paths that reach climax ecosystems in more or less time depending on the conditions of initial succession, thus enhancing or hindering biological connectivity and ecosystem services. This study documents the dominance of tree ferns in the initial stages of vegetation succession on abandoned pineapple plantations on the Andean foothills around Manu National Park, Peru, and discusses the role it may have on ecosystem restoration. Four years after abandonment, tree fern gametophytes grow under the shade of pineapple plants and melastomes. After 6-10 years of succession, the vegetation is dominated by a tree fern community composed of at least eight species, of which the most common are by far Cyathea delgadii and Cyathea microdonta. Cyathea microdonta functions as a short-lived pioneer, reaching its peak of live stem density in 6 to10 years and dying off in older plots. Cyathea delgadii, on the other hand, continues to grow and persists beyond 10 years of succession. Areas adjacent to abandoned pineapple fields have few tree ferns and higher tree species diversity, suggesting that pineapple agriculture and the resulting tree fern community may be a longer pathway to reach climax vegetation stages than other types of plantation.
21
Schilling, Olivia, and Adrian Tejedor Gutierrez. "Tree ferns dominate secondary succession in abandoned pineapple plantations around Manu National Park, Peru." Acta Botanica Malacitana 42 (February 7, 2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/actabotanicaabmabm.v42i0.3004.
Full textAbstract:
Habitat management and restoration in buffer zones of national parks is critical for maintaining ecosystem services and biological connectivity in and around the parks’ core protected areas. Vegetation succession in abandoned plantations in buffer zones may take different paths that reach climax ecosystems in more or less time depending on the conditions of initial succession, thus enhancing or hindering biological connectivity and ecosystem services. This study documents the dominance of tree ferns in the initial stages of vegetation succession on abandoned pineapple plantations on the Andean foothills around Manu National Park, Peru, and discusses the role it may have on ecosystem restoration. Four years after abandonment, tree fern gametophytes grow under the shade of pineapple plants and melastomes. After 6-10 years of succession, the vegetation is dominated by a tree fern community composed of at least eight species, of which the most common are by far Cyathea delgadii and Cyathea microdonta. Cyathea microdonta functions as a short-lived pioneer, reaching its peak of live stem density in 6 to10 years and dying off in older plots. Cyathea delgadii, on the other hand, continues to grow and persists beyond 10 years of succession. Areas adjacent to abandoned pineapple fields have few tree ferns and higher tree species diversity, suggesting that pineapple agriculture and the resulting tree fern community may be a longer pathway to reach climax vegetation stages than other types of plantation.
22
Prag, Adam A., and Christian B. Henriksen. "Transition from Animal-Based to Plant-Based Food Production to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture—The Case of Denmark." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 6, 2020): 8228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198228.
Full textAbstract:
Curbing emissions from agriculture, and especially from livestock production, is essential in order to fulfil the Paris Agreement. Shifting to a diet lower in meat consumption has been emphasized in several studies. Based on the Planetary Health Diet developed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, this study investigates the effect on agricultural greenhouse gas emissions of transitioning the Danish agricultural system, which currently relies mainly on meat and dairy production, towards increased focus on plant-based foods, combined with replacement or reduction of imported feed and carbon sequestration on previous agricultural land. The study finds a large potential for reducing emissions from Danish agriculture through implementation of the Planetary Health Diet, with reductions of up to 21.7 Mt CO2e (CO2 equivalents) (92.9%) under the most ambitious conditions. This demonstrates the potentially large benefits from transitioning towards a more plant-based European agricultural sector and underscores the need for European and national policies incentivizing this transition.
23
Carruthers, Jane. "Conservation and Wildlife Management in South African National Parks 1930s–1960s." Journal of the History of Biology 41, no. 2 (November 9, 2007): 203–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10739-007-9147-3.
Full text
24
Tyszer, Magdalena, Wiesław Bujakowski, Barbara Tomaszewska, and Bogusław Bielec. "Geothermal Water Management Using the Example of the Polish Lowland (Poland)—Key Aspects Related to Co-Management of Drinking and Geothermal Water." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102412.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last few years, there has been an upsurge in the demand for drinking water and for water used in agriculture, industry, and others. Consequently, research is needed to find new technologies and methods for the comprehensive use of geothermal water sources, to provide for new resources of water. The paper shows the results of preliminary recognition in the case of the possible exploitation of the Jurassic aquifer in the Polish lowlands, considering the security of the adjacent layers. The considerations are based on experience in the exploitation of the resources of the Paris basin in France. Initial conclusions point to a high potential for such a solution, also in the Paris basin scientists are considering the use of previously unmanaged Jurassic resources.
25
Bomanowska, Anna, Wojciech Adamowski, Izabella Kirpluk, Anna Otręba, and Agnieszka Rewicz. "Invasive alien plants in Polish national parks—threats to species diversity." PeerJ 7 (December 13, 2019): e8034. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8034.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the relevance of protected areas to the conservation of native biota, the magnitude of invasions and threats posed by alien plants are currently important issues for the preservation of these areas. The paper summarises data on invasive alien plant species presence in the most valuable protected areas in Poland, i.e. national parks (NPs). We investigated the distribution of invasive alien plant species and management attempts concerning those species. We analysed data obtained from 23 national parks originating from published and unpublished sources. Invasive plants were present in all protected areas analysed, from two to 42 species in a particular national park, and 68 in total. The most widely distributed species were: Impatiens parviflora (present in 19 NPs), I. glandulifera (17), Solidago gigantea (17), Reynoutria japonica (17), and Robinia pseudoacacia (16). The conducted analyses showed that the number of invasive species decreased with the higher altitude (asl) of the national park. The most often managed species were Impatiens glandulifera (being removed in seven NPs), I. parviflora (six), Padus serotina (four) and Quercus rubra (four). In the majority of NPs, control activities are limited to small areas and singular species, thus having an incidental character. Only in five objects (Białowieża NP, Biebrza NP, Kampinos NP, Tuchola NP, Wigry NP), management has been focused on several species. We conclude that a lack of comprehensive management of invasive plant species in the majority of national parks currently limits the effectiveness of IAS (invasive alien species) eradication. Exchange of expertise among protected areas, documenting best practice examples, synthesising lessons learnt in IAS management, as well as the development of minimum standards for invasive plants surveillance and management are pivotal.
26
Habegger, Rachel A., and Jordan M. Marshall. "Relationships between algal biomass and diversity with stream size and adjacent land use." Fine Focus 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/ff.1.1.20-28.
Full textAbstract:
Land use adjacent to waterways, such as development or agriculture, alters hydrological patterns leading to increases in runoff and nutrient input. Forests and wetlands, as natural land cover types, reduce water movement and allow infiltration into soil. We measured algal biomass and diversity in order to quantify the influence neighboring land cover types have on streams in Northeastern Indiana. In the study area, cultivated crops were the dominant land cover type, with open development and deciduous forest following. Emergent wetland area had the greatest influence on algal biomass, with increases in wetland area decreasing biomass. However, open development, low intensity development, grassland, shrub, and forested wetlands added to increases in biomass. Conversely, forested wetlands reduced algal richness, while open development and pastures increased richness. Because open development (i.e. dominated by turf grass, lawns, parks, golf courses) was the second most common land cover type and positively influenced both algal biomass and richness, management of those properties will likely have direct impact on nutrient flow into streams. Additionally, adding functional wetlands dominated by emergent herbaceous plants will directly impact future algal biomass.
27
Maldonado, Ana D., Darío Ramos-López, and Pedro A. Aguilera. "The Role of Cultural Landscapes in the Delivery of Provisioning Ecosystem Services in Protected Areas." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 2471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092471.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this paper is to assess and highlight the significance of cultural landscapes in protected areas, considering both biodiversity and the delivery of provisioning ecosystem services. In order to do that, we analyzed 26 protected areas in Andalusia (Spain), all of them Natural or National Parks, regarding some of their ecosystem services (agriculture, livestock grazing, microclimate regulation, environmental education and tourism) and diversity of the four terrestrial vertebrate classes: amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. A cluster analysis was also run in order to group the 26 protected areas according to their dominant landscape. The results show that protected areas dominated by dehesa (a heterogeneous system containing different states of ecological maturity), or having strong presence of olive groves, present a larger area of delivery of provisioning ecosystem services, on average. These cultural landscapes play an essential role not only for biodiversity conservation but also as providers of provisioning ecosystem services.
28
Garske, Beatrice, Antonia Bau, and Felix Ekardt. "Digitalization and AI in European Agriculture: A Strategy for Achieving Climate and Biodiversity Targets?" Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 4652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094652.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyzes the environmental opportunities and limitations of digitalization in the agricultural sector by applying qualitative governance analysis. Agriculture is recognized as a key application area for digital technologies, including artificial intelligence. This is not least because it faces major sustainability challenges, especially with regard to meeting the climate and biodiversity targets set out in the Paris Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity, as well as the water-related objectives of EU environmental legislation. Based on an overview of the possible applications of digital technologies in agriculture, the article offers a status quo analysis of legal acts with relevance to digitalization in the EU agricultural sector. It is found that a reliable legal framework with regard to product liability and product safety, as well as data privacy, data access, and data security is important in this context. In addition, the European Common Agricultural Policy, as the most important funding instrument for digital innovations in the agricultural sector, should be designed in such a way that it links digitalization-related objectives more closely with sustainability targets. So far, the existing EU governance does not fully exploit the potentials of digitalization for environmental protection, and sight is lost of possible negative side effects such as rebound and shifting effects. Therefore, the article also offers proposals for the optimization of EU governance.
29
Lee, Chun-Lin, Chiung-Hsin Wang, Chun-Hung Lee, and Supasit Sriarkarin. "Evaluating the Public’s Preferences toward Sustainable Planning under Climate and Land Use Change in Forest Parks." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113149.
Full textAbstract:
Balancing the goals of sustainable planning under climate and land use change (CLUC) with ecosystem service functions is a huge challenge for the management and programming of protected areas today. We construct a new evaluation framework towards the perspectives of sustainable land management based on the choice experiment (CE) model, and apply it to investigate the public’s preferences for the forest parks in Taiwan. This study found that implementing organic farming, increasing species populations, increasing the acreage of secondary forest area, and developing an integrated framework for ecotourism would best satisfy the public’s preferences for sustainable land use management. Second, we identify that the heterogeneity of the public’s preferences for forest park management varies depending on whether individuals are (1) members of environmental groups, (2) agricultural landowners, and (3) residents of the municipality. Third, we find integrated land use programs generate the highest welfare values among scenarios comprising different financial attributes.
30
Adams, William M. "Geographies of conservation III: Nature’s spaces." Progress in Human Geography 44, no. 4 (March 20, 2019): 789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132519837779.
Full textAbstract:
There is a rich literature by geographers on the spatial imagination and ambition of conservation, and particularly the long-established strategy of creating protected areas such as national parks. This report highlights five ways in which the spatial ambitions, imaginations and practices of conservation are changing. First, appetite for the expansion of protected areas continues to grow, with proposals for marine reserves and up to half of the earth under protection. Second, substantial intensification of agriculture is proposed to free up land for such expansion, a policy of land sparing. Third, areas being protected are increasingly privately owned, and conservation is serving as a powerful form of legitimization of large-scale private landholding. Fourth, in many countries conservation management is being extended beyond formal protected areas in mosaics of public, private and community land. Fifth, the political and material technologies used to secure conservation territories, like the extension of these territories themselves, raise urgent political ecological questions. Conservation governance physically marks spaces for nature, but also constructs and polices ideas about both nature and society in profound ways, which often go unremarked by conservationists themselves.
31
Guillou, Marion, Patrice Debré, and Gérard Matheron. "Colloque International Partenariats-Innovation-Agriculture Paris 3 juin 2008." Cahiers Agricultures 17, no. 5 (September 2008): 503–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2008.0240.
Full text
32
Zhang, Yichuan, and Jie Zhao. "Analysis of Factors Influencing the Satisfaction Degree of Leisure Agricultural Parks Management Based on Binary Logistic Model." Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 5, no. 3 (March 15, 2013): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/ajfst.5.3272.
Full text
33
Jensen, Hans, Ignacio Pérez Domínguez, Thomas Fellmann, Paul Lirette, Jordan Hristov, and George Philippidis. "Economic Impacts of a Low Carbon Economy on Global Agriculture: The Bumpy Road to Paris." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 19, 2019): 2349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082349.
Full textAbstract:
Limiting climate change below a 2 °C temperature increase this century will require substantial reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and the transition to a climate-friendly, low carbon society. In this paper, the economic impact of a less carbon-intensive economy on agricultural markets is estimated by means of an integrated modelling framework. First, the macroeconomic impacts of moving into a global low carbon economy are analysed by applying different carbon taxes in a general equilibrium modelling framework. Second, the potential adoption of emission mitigation technologies is quantified and used in the Aglink-Cosimo model to assess the impacts on agricultural markets of emission mitigation scenarios compatible with the 2.0 °C target prescribed in the Paris Agreement. Results for 2030 show reductions in global non-CO2 GHG emissions from agriculture (i.e., methane and nitrous oxide) by 10, 16 and 19% in 50, 100 and 150 USD/t CO2eq global carbon tax scenarios, respectively (Least Developed Countries excluded). Only between 0.6% and 1.3% of the global reduction is caused by indirect macroeconomic effects, although at the regional level they can cause up to 5.8% of the reduction in agricultural emissions. Results suggest that ambitious mitigation targets can provoke significant negative impacts on agricultural production and underline the importance of integrating GHG emission developments and impacts of related policies into agricultural market projections.
34
Gantchoff, Mariela G., Clay M. Wilton, and Jerrold L. Belant. "Factors influencing exotic species richness in Argentina’s national parks." PeerJ 6 (September 4, 2018): e5514. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5514.
Full textAbstract:
Exotic species introductions are a global phenomenon and protected areas are susceptible to them. Understanding the drivers of exotic species richness is vital for prioritizing natural resource management, particularly in developing countries with limited resources. We analyzed the influence of coarse resolution factors on exotic species richness (plants, mammals, and birds) in Argentina’s National Parks System. We collected data on native species richness, year of park formation, park area, region, elevation range, number of rivers crossing area boundaries, roads entering area, mean annual rainfall, mean annual temperature, mean annual number of visitors, and Human Influence Index within and surrounding each park. We compiled 1,688 exotic records in 36 protected areas: 83% plants and 17% animals (9.5% mammals, 5.5% birds, 1.5% fishes, 0% amphibians, 0% reptiles). The five parks with the most exotic species (all taxa combined) were in north Patagonia. Exotic grasses were the most common exotic plants, and within animals, lagomorphs and feral ungulates were remarkably widespread. Exotic plant richness was mostly influenced by temperature and native plant richness, while exotic mammal and bird richness was driven mostly by anthropogenic variables, with models explaining 36–45% of data deviance. Most variables that positively influenced exotic taxa were indirectly related to an increase in spatial heterogeneity (natural or anthropogenic), suggesting greater niche space variability as facilitators of exotic richness increase. Additional data are needed to further investigate the patterns and mechanisms of exotic species richness in protected areas, which will help to prioritize the greatest needs of monitoring and management.
35
Mumich, Natalie S., Geoffrey L. Buckley, Yolonda Youngs, and Tatyana Martello. "Protecting Canyonlands: Anatomy of a National Park Struggle in Southeastern Utah, USA." Social Sciences 9, no. 10 (October 7, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9100179.
Full textAbstract:
National parks have been called “America’s best idea”, but their creation and management never fail to stir controversy. On September 12, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the bill creating Canyonlands National Park (CANY). Instead of a preservation climax, however, the establishment of CANY simply opened a new chapter in the long-term effort to protect a much greater percentage of southeastern Utah’s canyon country. Over the next several decades, park enthusiasts and wilderness advocates sought to expand the boundaries of CANY, while agricultural interests and extractive industries lobbied vigorously to limit the influence of the National Park Service. In this paper, we use archival data and methods to reconstruct the story of CANY’s creation and review attempts since then to extend protections beyond the original park’s borders, seeking to understand the different social, political, and economic forces that aligned to propose—as well as the forces that rallied to contest—these expansion efforts. While our findings indicate that the stakeholders involved and the issues that drive them have changed little over the past sixty years, we also cite several examples of successful collaboration that could serve as guideposts for future conservation efforts, both in the U.S. and elsewhere.
36
Isorna Llerena, Fernando, Álvaro Fernández Barranco, José Antonio Bogeat, Francisca Segura, and José Manuel Andújar. "Converting a Fixed-Wing Internal Combustion Engine RPAS into an Electric Lithium-Ion Battery-Driven RPAS." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051573.
Full textAbstract:
It is well proved that remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) are very useful systems for remote sensing in precision agricultural labors. INTA (National Institute for Aerospace Applications) and the University of Huelva are involved in Tecnolivo Project that proposes the development of a marketable and easy-to-use technological solution that allows integrated, ecological, and optimized management of the olive grove through non-invasive monitoring of key agronomic parameters using RPASs. The information collected by the RPAS in regards to the state of the vegetation, such as hydric stress levels, plague detection, or maturation of the fruit, are very interesting for farmers when it comes to make decisions about their crops. Current RPAS applications for precision agriculture are mainly developed for small- to medium-sized crops using rotary-wing RPASs with small range and endurance operation, leaving aside large-sized crops. This work shows the conversion of a fully declassified and obsolete fixed-wing internal combustion engine (ICE) remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), used as aerial target for military applications and in reconnaissance and surveillance missions at low cost, into an electric lithium polymer (LiPo) battery-driven RPA that will be used for precision agriculture in large-sized crop applications, as well as other applications for tracking and monitoring of endangered animal species in national parks. This RPA, being over twenty years old, has undergone a deep change. The applied methodology consisted of the design of a new propulsion system, based on an electric motor and batteries, maintaining the main airworthiness characteristics of the aircraft. Some other novelties achieved in this study were: (1) Change to a more efficient engine, less heavy and bulky, with a greater ratio of torque vs. size. Modernization of the fly control system and geolocation system. (2) Modification of the type and material of the propeller, reaching a higher performance. (3) Replacement of a polluting fuel, such as gasoline, with electricity from renewable sources. (4) Development of a new control software, etc. Preliminary results indicate that the endurance achieved with the new energy and propulsion systems and the payload weight available in the RPA meet the expectations of the use of this type of RPAS in the study of large areas of crops and surveillance.
37
Pineda-López, Maria del Rosario, Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza, Lázaro Rafael Sánchez-Velásquez, Marco A. Espinoza Guzmán, Alberto Rojo Alboreca, and Suria Gisela Vásquez-Morales. "Dynamics of land use and land cover in a Mexican national park." Madera y Bosques 23, no. 3 (November 18, 2017): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/myb.2017.2331492.
Full textAbstract:
To understand the dynamics of land cover at the Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, the rates of change in land use were compared at two different scales during the period 1995-2004. At the meso scale, these patterns were studied throughout the entire Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, which is one of the 60 priority mountains of Mexico, and an important natural protected area of the country located in the state of Veracruz. At a micro scale, the work was focused in ejido El Conejo, located within the boundaries of this national park. Federal government digital orthophotos were used to determine changes in nine categories of land use. In both, the meso- and micro-scale, it was found that the predominant land cover categories are agriculture and forest. The probabilities of land cover change at both scales are low and essentially the same for most land use categories, reflecting both small gains in forest cover park-wide as well as the effectiveness of the ejido in managing natural resources within the park. The authors consider that the findings of the study may be applicable to the broader situation of national parks in Mexico and, finally, the importance of integrating local stakeholders in the management of natural protected areas is discussed.
38
Morin, Nathalie, Antoine Masse, Christophe Sannier, Martin Siklar, Norman Kiesslich, Hovik Sayadyan, Loïc Faucqueur, and Michaela Seewald. "Development and Application of Earth Observation Based Machine Learning Methods for Characterizing Forest and Land Cover Change in Dilijan National Park of Armenia between 1991 and 2019." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 2942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13152942.
Full textAbstract:
Dilijan National Park is one of the most important national parks of Armenia, established in 2002 to protect its rich biodiversity of flora and fauna and to prevent illegal logging. The aim of this study is to provide first, a mapping of forest degradation and deforestation, and second, of land cover/land use changes every 5 years over a 28-year monitoring cycle from 1991 to 2019, using Sentinel-2 and Landsat time series and Machine Learning methods. Very High Spatial Resolution imagery was used for calibration and validation purposes of forest density modelling and related changes. Correlation coefficient R2 between forest density map and reference values ranges from 0.70 for the earliest epoch to 0.90 for the latest one. Land cover/land use classification yield good results with most classes showing high users’ and producers’ accuracies above 80%. Although forest degradation and deforestation which initiated about 30 years ago was restrained thanks to protection measures, anthropogenic pressure remains a threat with the increase in settlements, tourism, or agriculture. This case study can be used as a decision-support tool for the Armenian Government for sustainable forest management and policies and serve as a model for a future nationwide forest monitoring system.
39
Platis, Dimitrios, Christos Anagnostopoulos, Aggeliki Tsaboula, Georgios Menexes, Kiriaki Kalburtji, and Andreas Mamolos. "Energy Analysis, and Carbon and Water Footprint for Environmentally Friendly Farming Practices in Agroecosystems and Agroforestry." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061664.
Full textAbstract:
Agriculture accounts for 5% of the entire energy used worldwide. Most of it is not in a renewable form, so it can be linked to greenhouse gas emissions. According to the Paris Agreement, on climate change, one of its major targets is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the agricultural production process must drastically change. Currently, the sustainable use of water is critical for any agricultural development. Agricultural production effects water quality and sufficiency, as well as, freshwater wetlands. Energy balance, carbon, and water footprint are crucial for sustainable agricultural production. Agroforestry systems are important in reducing high inputs of non-renewable energy and greenhouse gas emissions, along with better water use, leading to the most minimal influence on climate change. Energy analysis, carbon, and water footprint can be applied to agroforestry systems’ production. An outline could be applied by adopting a modified—for agricultural production—life cycle assessment methodology to assess energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and water consumption in agroforestry ecosystems.
40
Abebe, Firew Bekele. "Invasive Lantana camara L. Shrub in Ethiopia: Ecology, Threat, and Suggested Management Strategies." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 7 (June 8, 2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n7p184.
Full textAbstract:
Lantana camara L. is one of the worst invasive alien species that are categorized worldwide. The objective of this review paper was to review the dispersal and threats posed by Lantana camara L. in Ethiopia and based on review results, to suggest management strategies that can bring solutions to the threats posed by the weed. Both biological characteristics of Lantana camara L. and its dispersal agents have contributed to the success of its dispersal. Even though Lantana camara L. is dispersed in other places within Ethiopia, Debrezeit, Dire Dawa, Harar and Somali are the hotspot areas for the weed. Biodiversity and potential agricultural loss, human and animal health problems and infestation in national parks are the identified threats that Lantana camara L. posed within the country. Utilization of Lantana camara L. for various purposes, prevention of its further dispersal into non-infected areas, use of fire, mechanical and biological control and awareness creation are the suggested management strategies that can bring solutions to the threats posed by the weed within the country.
41
Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Taru Sandén, Hans-Peter Haslmayr, Julia Miloczki, Walter Wenzel, and Heide Spiegel. "Optimizing Carbon Sequestration in Croplands: A Synthesis." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050882.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change and ensuring food security for an exponentially growing global human population are the greatest challenges for future agriculture. Improved soil management practices are crucial to tackle these problems by enhancing agro-ecosystem productivity, soil fertility, and carbon sequestration. To meet Paris climate treaty pledges, soil management must address validated approaches for carbon sequestration and stabilization. The present synthesis assesses a range of current and potential future agricultural management practices (AMP) that have an effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and sequestration. Through two strategies—increasing carbon inputs (e.g., enhanced primary production, organic fertilizers) and reducing SOC losses (e.g., reducing soil erosion, managing soil respiration)—AMP can either sequester, up to 714 ± 404 (compost) kg C ha−1 y−1, having no distinct impact (mineral fertilization), or even reduce SOC stocks in the topsoil (bare fallow). Overall, the carbon sequestration potential of the subsoil (>40 cm) requires further investigation. Moreover, climate change, permanent soil sealing, consumer behavior in dietary habits and waste production, as well as the socio-economic constraints of farmers (e.g., information exchange, long-term economic profitability) are important factors for implementing new AMPs. This calls for life-cycle assessments of those practices.
42
ABRUDAN, Ioan Vasile, Viorel MARINESCU, Ovidiu IONESCU, Florin IORAS, Sergiu Andrei HORODNIC, and Radu E. SESTRAS. "Developments in the Romanian Forestry and its Linkages with other Sectors." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 37, no. 2 (November 2, 2009): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3723468.
Full textAbstract:
The evolution of the forestry sector in the last two decades in Romania has been significantly influenced by the post 1989 political and economic changes, forest restitution and the European Union accession process. Based on the analysis of forestry statistics, legislation and institutional changes this paper underlines the main developments in the forestry sector in the last twenty years and the linkages with other sectors that had an impact on its development. The significant change in forest ownership (based on which 45% of the Romanian forest is nowadays in non-state hands), the unprecedented re-organisation of the forest sector through the institutional separation of the regulatory, control and forest management functions, the changes in forest administration (including the establishment of more than 110 private forest districts) and the full privatisation of the wood harvesting and processing sector complemented by foreign investments have shaped the forest sector development in a context in which the forest resource remained almost unchanged. Major developments have been recorded in the establishment and management of large protected areas as National Forest Administration Romsilva is currently administrating 22 national and nature parks. Both positive and negative interactions of forestry with environmental protection, wood processing, agriculture, rural development, road infrastructure and tourism sectors have also impacted the evolution of the forest sector. Development policy options recommended by authors include among others the strengthening of the public authority responsible for forestry, reorganisation of the state forest administration and supporting the access of forest owners to the national and EU funding and compensation schemes for forestry.
43
Pawłat-Zawrzykraj, Agata, and Konrad Podawca. "Diversification of Municipalities Located in the Impact Area of National Parks in Terms of Environmental Requirements of Sustainable Tourism." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 4896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124896.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of the paper was to show the diversification of Polish municipalities that have national parks within their boundaries in terms of implementing sustainable tourism priorities. The study focused on ecological and environmental aspects, primarily related to the shaping and maintenance of green areas, as well as waste and wastewater management. The assessment was based on statistical data taken from the Local Data Bank for the years 2012–2018. The authors determined their own set of indicators, describing green areas management, the environmental risk associated with waste and wastewater generation, and the reshaping of the forest and agricultural landscape. The obtained results were compared with the spatial diversification of the surveyed administrative units in terms of tourist attractiveness carried out by us in 2018. The study made it possible to indicate, among others, municipalities that are prime tourist destinations and have highly developed tourist facilities, but do not keep up with sustainable tourism activities. There are also units that carry out activities in the field of forest and agricultural land protection, invest in public green areas, properly manage sewage and wastewater, and, at the same time, are not attractive for tourists.
44
Benjamin, Michael Francis D., Viknesh Andiappan, Jui-Yuan Lee, and Raymond R. Tan. "Increasing the reliability of bioenergy parks utilizing agricultural waste feedstock under demand uncertainty." Journal of Cleaner Production 269 (October 2020): 122385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122385.
Full text
45
Reķe, Agnese, Anita Zariņa, and Ivo Vinogradovs. "MANAGEMENT OF SEMI-WILD LARGE HERBIVORES’ GRAZING SITES IN LATVIA." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4082.
Full textAbstract:
Large herbivores were a common part of European nature in the pre-agrarian times. With the development of farming and over-hunting, the number of wild large herbivores rapidly decreased. Wild horses and cattle became extinct. In the 1920-30’s, scientists created two new herbivore breeds that resembled the extinct aurochs and tarpans - Heck cattle and Konik horses. Nowadays the introduction of Heck cattle, Konik horses and other similar large herbivore breeds is widely used in specially protected nature territories (SPNT) as a strategic answer to the question – what should we do with the agricultural lands that have lost their economical meaning. Since 1999, semi-wild large herbivores are introduced in various SPNT of Latvia as well, mainly in nature parks and nature reserves. Based on field visits, interviews and policy analysis, this paper discusses two main approaches to semi-wild grazing animal population management in Latvia: (1) introduced herbivores as a part of rewilding process and (2) introduced herbivores as instruments for habitat protection. The former represents the implementation of western wilderness values, while the latter is related to more specific protection of species and habitats according to particular place-based nature protection goals. This study contributes to the growing discussion on rewilding practises in Europe and the introduction ideas of semi-wild animals, as well as landscape management practices in the era of post-productivism.
46
Lunney, D., T. Grant, A. Matthews, C. Esson, C. Moon, and M. Ellis. "Determining the Distribution of The Platypus (Ornithorhyncus anatinus) in the Eden Region Of South Eastern New South Wales Through Community-Based Surveys." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98239.
Full textAbstract:
The distribution of Ornithorhynchus anatinus in the Eden region of south-east New South Wales is defined based on information from two community-based surveys. In 1986-87 a state-wide questionnaire survey was distributed to field staff from various government departments. A search for historical reports was also carried out. Fifty-five reports of platypuses were obtained from the Eden region, including 30 sightings on agricultural land. The second approach was through a joint National Parks and Wildlife Service and State Forests householder postal survey in 1991. The survey returns yielded 273 locations of O. anatinus of which 76% were on freehold rural land, 19% were in State Forests and 5% were in National Parks or Nature Reserves. Records from both surveys, spread from 1930 to the early 1990s, were from all parts of the region. The surveys showed that platypuses have been widespread in the region, but their now fragmented distribution indicates a reduction in the regional population of the species. Management of waterways and catchments are crucial to its long-term survival. The public awareness of the platypus shown by the number of questionnaire returns, is an encouraging sign that local plans to conserve or restore its habitat are likely to be well received if produced through the cooperative approach initiated by community-based surveys.
47
Jiang, Zhigang, Koichi Kaji, and Xiaoge Ping. "The tale of two deer: management of Père David’s deer and sika deer in anthropogenic landscape of eastern Asia." Animal Production Science 56, no. 6 (2016): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15292.
Full textAbstract:
Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) occupy two contrasting types of niches in eastern Asia: Père David’s deer is a swamp deer adapted to wetlands, while the sika deer mainly live in forested areas. Both Père David’s deer and sika deer have been hunted since the early days of the hunting and gathering civilisation; however, these two deer have undergone different population histories. As human society entered the era of agriculture civilisation, Père David’s deer gradually lost its habitats to farmlands, and the population was greatly reduced until, finally, it became extinct in the wild in 1900. Fortunately, after 30 years of restoration and introduction, more than 4000 Père David’s deer thrive in nature reserves, zoos and safari parks in China, and more than 500 Père David’s deer could be found in the wild in 2014. Populations of wild sika deer were reduced as well due to hunting and deforestation, and were restricted in the forest patches in the mountains in eastern Asia. Nevertheless, the sika deer in China and Japan have different fortunes. Sika deer in China did not escape the prevalent tragedy of domestication, in that wild sika deer was endangered or extirpated in its original habitats, while the farmed sika deer thrived since late 1950s. Sika deer populations in Japan also remained at low density in the mid-1950s due to over-hunting, including poaching. After one-quarter of a century of in situ protection, sika populations are still small in China and some populations were found to leave the nature reserve to areas with high human densities, while the wild sika deer in Japan have markedly increased in numbers and extended their geographic distribution during the past few decades. Accordingly, the management strategies in China and Japan were completely different. The Chinese government is seeking all the efforts on the conservation of sika deer, while the Japanese government is revising laws to harvest and to reduce sika deer population.
48
Ko, Young Dae, and Byung Duk Song. "Application of UAVs for tourism security and safety." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 33, no. 8 (February 24, 2021): 1829–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-07-2020-0476.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeIn the tourism industry, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can perform monitoring and patrol missions to protect assets and tourists at attractions such as coastal areas, canyons, national parks, etc. Such use of UAVs can improve safety and security of tourism attraction and facilitate tourism industry. However, there is a key issue regarding economic investment and efficient operation for actual system implementation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a guideline for supporting economic investment and the efficient operation of UAV system in the tourism industry.Design/methodology/approachIdeas and methodologies have been proposed to overcome the fundamental limitations of commercial UAVs. A mathematical optimization model is developed to determine the optimal number of UAVs to be purchased, and its operation schedules simultaneously.FindingsUsing proposed concept and methodology, UAVs can support long duration of missions. Economic system design as well as the operation schedule is derived with the hypothesis data in Kkot-Ji beach in Korea. The proposed methodology and approach is expected to have huge potential at many tourism attractions to achieve the safety and security of tourists.Practical implicationsThe result of this study can facilitate practical use of UAVs in the tourism industry. Furthermore, it is applicable in many industries that need UAV systems such as national defence, agriculture, disaster management, etc.Originality/valueThe proposed study suggests a solution to handle fundamental weakness of UAVs and support long duration of missions. In addition, this study incorporates economic system design issue and operation issue simultaneously.
49
Zhang, Xueyan. "Multiple Cropping System Expansion: Increasing Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the North China Plain and Neighboring Regions." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 19, 2019): 3941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143941.
Full textAbstract:
The increase of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has become a significant issue for China, affecting the achievement of its Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement. Expansion of the large-scale multiple cropping system as a consequence of climate warming could be a major driving force of this increase. In this study, life cycle assessment was employed to identify agricultural GHG emissions due to the expansion of the multiple cropping system in the North China Plain and neighboring regions. We found that agricultural greenhouse gas emissions have increased from 41.34 to 120.87 Tg CO2-eq/yr over the past 30 years, and the expansion of the multiple cropping system has contributed to 13.89% of this increment. Furthermore, the increases in straw handling and agricultural inputs which are related to multiple cropping systems have also played an important role. Results of our study demonstrate that the expansion of the multiple cropping system contributes considerably to increases in agricultural GHG emissions in the North China Plain and neighboring regions. Therefore, it can be concluded that the sustained northward expansion of the multiple cropping system will further elevate agricultural GHG emissions in China, and this should be considered while formulating policies to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture.
50
Cooper, E. "Rouse Hill and Picton Reuse Schemes: innovative approaches to large-scale reuse." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Driven by concerns centred on the potential impacts of new development on the Hawkesbury-Nepean River, the management of effluent from Sewage Treatment Plants is a growing issue for regulators, communities and Sydney Water Corporation. Conventional users of recycled water such as golf courses, parks and on-site uses are making way for more innovative and sustainable approaches. Rouse Hill Recycled Water Plant and the Picton Agricultural Reuse Schemes are two examples where Sydney Water has adopted a different approach to water recycling. With both schemes now in operation, demand for the product has surpassed expectations and has already begun to exceed current availability. Faced with the option of expanding the schemes in the near future, SWC is continuing to look for new ways of providing sustainable water services to the people of Sydney.