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Journal articles on the topic 'Parkinsons disease'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Borozdenko, Denis A., Vladislava I. Bogorodova, Nina M. Kiseleva, and Vadim V. Negrebetsky. "Parkinson’s disease: epidemiology and pathogenesis." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 27, no. 2 (July 23, 2021): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0869-2106-2021-27-2-183-194.

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This review presents data on the etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of Parkinsons disease from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), eLibrary, CyberLeninka, and from monographs and textbooks. The prevalence, classification, genetic variability, main pathogenetic links, and potential disease development mechanisms are described. Both classic Parkinsons disease and variable manifestations of parkinsonism are considered. The factors that contribute to disease progression and inhibit its development are described. The main hypotheses of the pathogenetic mechanisms of Parkinsons disease are presented. These are protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein purification systems, neuroinflammation, and pathology of the gut-brain axis.

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2

Robottom, Bradley, and William Weiner. "Parkinsons Disease Dementia." Current Psychiatry Reviews 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2009): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340009788971128.

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3

Horne, Malcolm. "27. Parkinsons disease." Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 17, no. 12 (December 2010): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2010.07.028.

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4

Kidalov, Maksim B., and Elena V. Savchenko. "Methods for early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 20, no. 1-2 (December 10, 2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2072-2354.2020.20.1.62-67.

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Currently, the diagnosis of Parkinsons disease is carried out mainly on the ground of clinical picture. However, long before the development of motor disorders, a number of signs characteristic of parkinsonism can be detected. The review of the literature presents methods to detect non-motor disorders that can be considered as predictors of the disease and it also discusses the issue of the laboratory studies of specific biomarkers for early diagnosis. We suggested to use the combination of olfactory test and questionnaire about vegetative disorders as the most relevant solution for clinical practice. It is recommended to interpret the test data as a sign of extremely high probability of the development of clinical manifestations of Parkinsons disease, and, therefore, as a reason to start preventive therapy.

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5

Garcia-Arencibia, Moises, Concepcion Garcia, and Javier Fernandez-Ruiz. "Cannabinoids and Parkinsons Disease." CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2009): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152709789824642.

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6

Adams Jr., James, Mei-Ling Chang, and Lori Klaidman. "Parkinsons Disease - Redox Mechanisms." Current Medicinal Chemistry 8, no. 7 (June 1, 2001): 809–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867013372995.

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7

Wersinger, Christophe, and Anita Sidhu. "Inflammation and Parkinsons Disease." Current Drug Target -Inflammation & Allergy 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568010023344580.

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8

Shrestha, Resha, Pranaya Shrestha, Pravesh Rajbhandari, Samir Acharya, and Basant Pant. "Deep Brain Stimulation of bilateral Subthalamic nucleus (STN) following pallidotomy with Parkinsons crisis: A case report." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 15, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v15i1.20029.

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We present a case of 57 years old patient with Idiopathic Parkinsons disease(PD) who had right sided Globus PallidusInternus (GPi) lesioning or pallidotomy as surgical treatment modality of PD. However this patient went into Parkinsons crisis postoperatively which is a rare form of complication. We had to admit in critical care for two weeks before he gradually improved and reached to preoperative state. This patient finally underwent deep brain stimulation(DBS) of bilateral Subthalamic nucleus (STN) and he has improved in terms of Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS) score.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 15:40-42, 2018

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9

Indrakshi, T., A. Aparna, H. Krishna, N. Aashul, and Dr Jitendra S. Rajawat. "Parkinsons Disease: Recent Advancement and Future Aspects." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47171.

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Abstract: A prevalent neurodegenerative condition known as Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a movement disorder with bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. The majority of contemporary PD treatments are predicated on restoring dopaminergic tone in the striatum; however, there are few effective choices available. These, however, do not change the course of the disease and do not address the dopamine-independent symptoms of PD, such as freezing gait, cognitive impairment, and other non-motor aspects of the condition, which frequently have the biggest effects on quality of life. Novel therapy approaches are developing as our understanding of Parkinson's disease pathophysiology increases. These include therapies that target PD symptoms while avoiding the unfavorable side effects associated with currently available therapies, as well as therapies that halt pathology, minimize neuronal loss, and moderate disease progression. This article discusses some promising approaches that are currently being researched in the laboratories or are in the clinical trial phase such as cell based therapies, gene therapy, neuronal therapy, infusion therapy, neuron regeneration and novel drug approaches, which can pose as the future for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

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10

Krasakov, Igor V., Igor V. Litvinenko, Gennadiy G. Rodionov, Nataliya I. Davydova, and Sergey S. Aleksanin. "Role of short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease." Russian Military Medical Academy Reports 41, no. 4 (November 17, 2022): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rmmar111854.

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Parkinsons disease is tightly related to enteric nervous system dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Short-chain fatty acids are the main metabolites produced by the gut bacteria fermentation of dietary fiber and are suggested to play a key role in gutbrain cross-talk. The article presents a review of the literature on the contribution of short-chain fatty acids to the pathogenesis of Parkinsons disease. Patients with Parkinsons disease have higher plasma concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate than controls. These changes correlate with the severity of the clinical picture of Parkinsons disease, levels of pro-inflammatory gut bacteria and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The cause of these changes may be an over-population of the gut of Parkinsons disease patients with bacteria such as clostridia and ruminococci, leading to regulatory immune reactions, intestinal inflammation, increased permeability of the intestinal barrier, excessive intake primarily of propionate in the central nervous system, and activation of neuroinflammation. The importance of further study of the relationship between changes in gut metabiotic, its metabolome, and the immune system T-cell in patients with Parkinsons disease is demonstrated. Justified the study of blood plasma from patients with Parkinsons disease using gas chromatographymass spectrometry for the accurate, clinically relevant, assessment of the gutbrain crosstalk.

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11

Aliyeva, Fatima N. "Survival and risk factors for premature mortality in patients with parkinson’s disease." Neurology Bulletin LIII, no. 3 (December 4, 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb71924.

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Aim. To assess the survival rate and risk factors for premature mortality in patients with Parkinsons disease in Baku. Material and research methods. The observation was carried out retrospectively, information was collected on all patients (110 patients) in whom the diagnosis of Parkinsons disease was first established in 20092010. These patients are provided with drugs free of charge, which made it possible to provide them with diagnostic monitoring in polyclinics. During 20102019, 94 patients with a diagnosis of Parkinsons disease died. All medical death certificates were selected for analysis. The diagnoses in column a of these documents were accepted as direct causes of death, regardless of the presence or absence of a causal relationship of these diagnoses with Parkinsons disease. Therefore, the reported cases were interpreted not as death due to Parkinsons disease, but as the death of a patient diagnosed with Parkinsons disease. Results. Noteworthy is the prevalence of men (72.7%) and people without dementia (70.9%) among patients. Within 10 years, 85.5% of patients died from various causes. The immediate causes of death were acute cerebrovascular accidents (36.2%) and acute myocardial infarction (24.5%). The annual survival rate of the observed patients was high (94%; 95% confidence interval 51100%). The five-year survival rate is 76% (95% confidence interval 42100%). Conclusions. (1) The survival rate of patients with Parkinsons disease within 10 years after the onset of signs ranges from 0.94 to 0.41 (five-year survival rate is 0.76). (2) The immediate causes of mortality in patients with Parkinsons disease were cerebrovascular accidents (36.2%), myocardial infarction (24.5%), pulmonary embolism (11.7%), pneumonia (10.6%) and others (17%). (3) The effect of age of onset and signs of Parkinsons disease, gender, comorbidity and dementia on survival is statistically significant (p 0.05).

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12

Bharath, Muchukunte. "Therapeutic Strategies in Parkinsons Disease." Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187221408784534268.

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13

Arias-Carrion, Oscar, Nils Freundlieb, Wolfgang Oertel, and Gunter Hoglinger. "Adult Neurogenesis and Parkinsons Disease." CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2007): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152707783220875.

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14

Cantuti-Castelvetri, Ippolita, and David Standaert. "Neuroprotective Strategies for Parkinsons Disease." Current Neuropharmacology 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159043359585.

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15

Inamdar, N., D. Arulmozhi, A. Tandon, and S. Bodhankar. "Parkinsons Disease: Genetics and Beyond." Current Neuropharmacology 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015907780866893.

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16

Jellinger, K. A. "Parkinsons Disease Oxford Neurology Library." European Journal of Neurology 18, no. 2 (October 19, 2010): e30-e30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03244.x.

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17

Emre, Murat. "Dementia Associated with Parkinsons Disease." European Neurological Review, no. 2 (2007): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2007.00.02.46.

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18

Dhawan, Vijay, and David Eidelberg. "PET Imaging in Parkinsons Disease." Current Medical Imaging Reviews 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340507782446223.

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19

Taylor, A. E., and J. A. Saintcyr. "The Neuropsychology of Parkinsons-Disease." Brain and Cognition 28, no. 3 (August 1995): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brcg.1995.1258.

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20

Sandillya, Anchal, Deepti Sharma, and Praveen Gupta. "Fine motor skills in patients with Parkinsons disease: effect of auditory cueing." International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 04–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54121/2021/09/1491.

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Background and purpose - Parkinson’s disease with cardinal feature of bradykinesia is a movement disorder. The effect of cueing in disorders like parkinsons patients ,stroke, spinal cord injury for improving motor skills and gait and lower limb functions have long been investigated by the Researchers, but there are dearth of studies evaluating the effect of cueing on fine motor skills in patients with parkinson’s disease. Hence this study tries to investigate the effect of auditory cueing on fine motor skills in Parkinson’s disease. Methodology - 25 diagnosed Parkinson’s patients having primary level of education, with mean age 72±5 yrs in Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 to 3 of disease and MMSE score above 24 were included in the study. Two groups were formed; one group performing activities with auditory cueing and other group performing activities without auditory cueing. Scores were calculated using Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test. Results - Mean values of pre and post intervention timings on Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test were calculated. Group with auditory cueing showed improvement in total sores of subtests of Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test with mean and standard deviation (58.51±2.69) seconds in dominant hand and (54.59±2.43) seconds in non-dominant hand, whereas, Group without auditory cueing showed improvement in total sores of subtests of Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test with mean and standard deviation of (13.39±2.07) seconds in dominant hand and (13.52±1.96) seconds in non-dominant hand. Conclusion- Auditory cueing is proved to be an effective method in improving fine motor skills in patients with Parkinsons disease.

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21

HERISHANU, Y., J. R. GOLDSMITH, and E. KORDYSH. "EXPOSURE, AGE AND THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PARKINSONISM AND PARKINSONS DISEASE." Epidemiology 7, Supplement (July 1996): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199607001-00097.

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22

Nzamba Nzamba, D., K. Benallel, J. Salim, M. Gartoum, and M. Kadiri. "PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS AND PARKINSONS DISEASE: CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 08 (August 31, 2022): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15221.

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Introduction: Parkinsons disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimers disease. Affects 1% of the population after the age of 60. Motor symptoms are the most common features that may be associated with non-motor symptoms including psychotic symptoms. Objective: The aim of this work is to provide an up-to-date overview of the treatment of psychotic symptoms in Parkinsons disease. Methods: We describe 3 cases of development of psychotic symptoms, which occurred in patients with Parkinsons disease, and provide an update on the management of psychiatric symptoms manifestations in Parkinsons disease, by brief literature review. Results: Case 1: 42-year-old man, married, received a diagnosis of PD at the age of 38, presented auditory hallucinations, which occurred 12 months following antiparkinsonian drugs use. Case 2: 58-year-old man, without any notable history, received a diagnosis of PD at the age of 41, presented jealousy delusions and behavioral disorders, which occurred 12 years following antiparkinsonian drugs use. Case 3: 76-year-old man, received a diagnosis of PD at the age of 40, presented visual hallucinations, subjective sensation of a presence and jealousy delusion, which occurred 26 years following antiparkinsonian drugs use. Conclusion: Psychotic symptoms in Parkinsons disease are frequent. Management consists of treating psychotic symptoms without worsening motor symptoms related to hypo-dopaminergia.

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23

Khacheva, Kristina K., Sergey N. Illarioshkin, Alexey V. Karabanov, and Andrey O. Chechetkin. "Comparative diagnostic sensitivity of the substantia nigra transcranial sonography and salivary gland biopsy in patients with Parkinson’s disease." Russian Military Medical Academy Reports 40, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rmmar83635.

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Parkinsons disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, the diagnosis of which remains challenging at the early stages, although clinical diagnostic criteria are developed. The diagnostic accuracy is only 58% for patients at early Parkinsons disease stages. The sensitivity and specificity of transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra used for Parkinsons disease verification is about 85% and 71%, respectively. It has been shown that the aggregates of -synuclein in the nerve fibers in major salivary glands may be seen in Parkinsons disease patients. The availability of the salivary glands for morphological study made it possible to investigate the approaches of the in vivo histological diagnosis of Parkinsons disease based on the detection of -synuclein aggregates in the nerve fibers innervating the glands. Aim: To evaluate and compare the sensitivity of transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra and sublingual salivary gland biopsy. Materials and methods: Six patients with clinically verified Parkinsons disease were enrolled. Evaluation of the neurological state using special scales, transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra and sublingual salivary gland biopsy was performed. Results: Mean age of patients was 59 [58; 60.7] years, mean disease duration period was 5 [3; 7.75] years and the mean HoehnYahr stage was 2.25 [2; 2.5]. Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra was found in 3 of 6 patients and the substantia nigra sensitivity was shown to be 50%. Sublingual salivary gland biopsy was positive for -synuclein in 6 of 6 patients and the sensitivity of method was shown to be 100%. No adverse events after biopsy were registered. Conclusion: The sensitivity of sublingual salivary gland biopsy was higher than those of transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra, which indicates the prospect of using the biopsy method as a more sensitive diagnostic tool in Parkinsons disease (1 table, bibliography: 19 refs)

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Sanyal, Jaya, D. P. Chakraborty, Biswanath Sarkar, Tapas Kumar Banerjee, Subhash Chandra Mukherjee, Bidhan Chandra Ray, and V. R. Rao. "Environmental and Familial Risk Factors of Parkinsons Disease: Case-Control Study." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 37, no. 5 (September 2010): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100010829.

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Background:While the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown, evidence suggests certain environmental factors, such as well water drinking, herbicides, pesticides exposure and neurotoxins, may trigger the chain of oxidative reactions culminating in the death of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra to cause Parkinsonism. To investigate the possible impact of environmental risk factors for idiopathic PD, a case-control study was performed in the Eastern India.Methods:During the period from January 1st, 2006 and December 10th, 2009, 175 PD patients (140 men, 35 women) and 350 non-Parkinson age-sex matched controls were included in the study. Subjects were given a structured neurological examination and completed an administered questionnaire which elicited detailed information on demographic data, pesticides, herbicides family history, occupation, dietary and smoking habits.Results:The multivariate analysis revealed that family history of PD, pesticide exposure, exposure to toxins other than pesticides and herbicides, rural living and previous history of depression were associated with increased risk of PD, whereas, smoking appeared to be a protective factor. Well water drinking for at least five years, though a significant risk factor on univariate analysis (OR=4.5, 95% CI=2.1-9.9), could not be proved significant in multivariate analysis. Head trauma, vegetarian dietary habit, occupation involving physical exertion and exposure to domestic pets were not as significant risk factors.Conclusion:Results of our study support the hypothesis of multifactorial etiology of PD with environmental factors acting on a genetically susceptible host.

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25

Khomchenkova, Aleksandra A., Semyon V. Prokopenko, and Saikal B. Ismailova. "Clinical aspects of hypomimia in Parkinson’s disease." Neurology Bulletin LIV, no. 1 (April 11, 2022): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb89531.

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BACKGROUND. Hypomimia is a distinct symptom of Parkinsons disease manifested by reduced facial expression and slowness of movement in mimic muscles. Clinical aspects of this symptom remain underinvestigated to the date. AIM. Based on correlation analysis, to determine the association between hypomimia, general manifestations of hypokinesia and the quality of life in patients with Parkinsons disease as well as to evaluate the influence of therapy with L-DOPA pharmaceuticals on hypomimia. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Clinical aspects of hypomimia were studied in 30 patients with stage 1.53.0 PD according to Hoehn and Yahr Rating Scale. The mean age of the patients was 69. Analysis of hypomimia was carried out using a proprietary method of computer video-analysis of facial muscle movement in performance of 6 tests: smiling, drawing of the letter O, winking, eyebrow raising, frowning and text reading. The gait function was assessed using the laser analyser of kinematic parameters of gait. Mean step length, step time and gait velocity were evaluated. Manifestations of general hypokinesia were analysed via the Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale licensed by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Statistical processing of the data was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software package. The Wilcoxon test and the Spearmans correlation coefficient were used. The statistical significance level was set at p 0.05. RESULTS. The correlation between the degree of hypomimia and the severity of general hypokinesia has been confirmed, which determines the prospect in objective analysis of mimics as a possible screening test for general hypokinesia. We have obtained data confirming the association between hypomimia and general hypokinesia: in particular, step time, step length and gait velocity. CONCLUSION. While using the proprietary method of objective hypomimia diagnosis, we have revealed the presence of correlation between manifestations of hypomimia and general hypokinesia. Additionally, manifestations of hypomimia have been found to decrease against the background of dopaminergic therapy.

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26

Iarlori, Carla. "Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Parkinsons Disease." Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152309787580757.

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27

Azevedo, Luciana Lemos de, Cesar Augusto da Conceicao Reis, Irene Soares de Souza, and Francisco Eduardo Costa Cardoso. "Prosody and levodopa in Parkinsons disease." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 71, no. 11 (November 2013): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20130141.

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Objective Research is scarce regarding the use of prosodic parameters in the expression of attitudes in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the parameters used in prosodic expression of attitudes in individuals with idiopathic PD and the effect of levodopa on these parameters. Method We studied the use of levodopa in 10 individuals with idiopathic PD during the “off” and “on” periods, and 10 individuals without neurological abnormalities. Results PD patients showed lower frequency measurements and longer duration measurements. The levodopa caused reduction in the duration parameter. Conclusion PD patients use prosody to express their attitudes in the same way as controls in both off and on periods. However, when attitudes are not taken into account, levodopa is effective in improving the duration parameter.

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28

Thomas, M., and W. Le. "Minocycline: Neuroprotective Mechanisms in Parkinsons Disease." Current Pharmaceutical Design 10, no. 6 (February 1, 2004): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043453162.

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29

T, Mohesh, Gowtham K, Vijeesh P, and Arun Kumar S. "Parkinsons Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44075.

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Abstract: Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly based on medical observations and assessment of clinical signs, including the characterization of a variety of motor symptoms. However, traditional diagnostic approaches may suffer from subjectivity as they rely on the evaluation of movements that are sometimes subtle to human eyes and therefore difficult to classify, leading to possible misclassification. In the meantime, early non-motor symptoms of PD may be mild and can be caused by many other conditions. Therefore, these symptoms are often overlooked, making diagnosis of PD at an early stage challenging. To address these difficulties and to refine the diagnosis and assessment procedures of PD, machine learning methods have been implemented for the classification ofPD and healthy controls or patientswith similar clinicalpresentations.

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30

George, J., S. Mok, D. Moses, S. Wilkins, A. Bush, R. Cherny, and D. Finkelstein. "Targeting the Progression of Parkinsons Disease." Current Neuropharmacology 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 9–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015909787602814.

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Wersinger, Christophe, and Anita Sidhu. "An Inflammatory Pathomechanism for Parkinsons Disease?" Current Medicinal Chemistry 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2006): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706776055760.

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32

Harris, K., L. Osbourne, K. Richards, and J. Stewart. "Education for patients with Parkinsons disease." British Journal of Community Nursing 3, no. 5 (May 1998): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.1998.3.5.7214.

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Goyal, V., B. Priyanka, A. K. Srivastava, and S. S. Kumaran. "Neuromodulation by rTMS in Parkinsons disease." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 46 (January 2018): e88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.11.307.

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34

Di Filippo, Massimiliano, Barbara Picconi, Alessandro Tozzi, Veronica Ghiglieri, Aroldo Rossi, and Paolo Calabresi. "The Endocannabinoid System in Parkinsons Disease." Current Pharmaceutical Design 14, no. 23 (August 1, 2008): 2337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161208785740072.

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35

Landolfi, Annamaria. "Machine Learning Approaches in Parkinsons Disease." Current Medicinal Chemistry 28, no. 32 (2021): 6548–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875533xmtezpmtku4.

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36

Minesh, Patel. "A REVIEW ON IMPORTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PARKINSONS DISEASE & ITS FUTURE OUTCOMES FOR PARKINSONS DISEASE." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13387.

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Over the centurys, increasingly sophisticated tools have been developed to serve humanity. In many ways, digital computers are just another tool. You can perform the same number and symbol operations as ordinary people, but it is faster and more reliable. This article provides an overview of artificial intelligence algorithms used in computer programs and applications. It includes knowledge-based systems the computational intelligence that leads to artificial intelligence is the science of imitating human intelligence on computers. This will help doctors perform dissections when making a medical diagnosis. Use a data-driven final data approach to determine the existence molecule, Machine Learning and natural sources of Parkinsons disease (PD) subtypes. There are two large groups of independently newly diagnosed patients. Parkinsons disease (PD) causes difficulty in hand movement, which has been treated in multiple studies. The methods are used at the same time. The treatment of Parkinsons disease is an evolving field, indicating new treatments and improvements over old methods. Pharmacology, surgery and treatment methods. Specific patient problems that arise.

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D. Skaper, Stephen, and Pietro Giusti. "Transgenic Mouse Models of Parkinsons Disease and Huntingtons Disease." CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152710791556186.

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38

E. John, Raphael, and Asekomeh E. Godspower. "LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS IN NIGERIAN MEN WITH PARKINSONS DISEASE." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13779.

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Introduction: Parkinsons disease (PD) is the commonest age related motoric neurodegenerative disease. It results from the destruction of dopaminergic cell in the substantial nigra in the midbrain. In addition to the typical motor Parkinsonism symptoms, non -motor manifestations affect multiple organs including the lower urinary tract and contribute to worsening the overall quality of life. The objective of this study is to highlight the bother from lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with PD and determine the relationship between the lower urinary symptoms and severity of PD. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in patients with clinically diagnosed PD that were managed by the Neurology Unit, Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. They all filled the International Prostate Symptom Score and Quality of Life form. The severity of PD in each patient was assessed using Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: There were 22 patients aged between 25-87years with a mean age of 59.36 Â±15.58years. Nocturia (90.90%), frequency (59.10%) and urgency (59.10%) were the commonest LUTS, while straining was the least frequent (22.70 %). Majority had mild (59.09%)and moderate (27.27%) symptoms. There was a strong association between total IPSSand QoL scores that was statistically significant (p<0.0001 r= +0.859). The degree of bother from LUTS, evaluated with the IPSS questionnaire was associated with worsening of PD symptoms assessed with UPDRS (p=0.012). There was a moderate positive correlation between the severity of PD and the degree of bother from LUTS in PD patients (r=+0.527) Conclusions: Irritative symptoms are very common in Parkinsons disease, with nocturia the commonest. There was a moderate positive correlation between the severity of PD and the degree of bother from LUTS. The IPSS questionnaire could be used in evaluating urinary dysfunction in PD patients in both genders.

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Bartels, Anna, and Klaus Leenders. "Cyclooxygenase and Neuroinflammation in Parkinsons Disease Neurodegeneration." Current Neuropharmacology 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015910790909485.

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Cardoso, S., P. Moreira, P. Agostinho, C. Pereira, and C. Oliveira. "Neurodegenerative Pathways in Parkinsons Disease: Therapeutic Strategies." Current Drug Target -CNS & Neurological Disorders 4, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568007054546072.

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Clower, William T. "Lesions as Therapy: Rigidity and Parkinsons Disease." Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 10, no. 1 (January 2001): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/jhin.10.1.93.5627.

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Rees, Lesley, and Great Ormond. "Living with Parkinsons disease - a childs perspective." BMJ 325, Suppl S2 (August 1, 2002): 0208261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0208261.

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M. Cardoso, Sandra. "The Mitochondrial Cascade Hypothesis for Parkinsons Disease." Current Pharmaceutical Design 17, no. 31 (October 1, 2011): 3390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798072508.

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Chaturvedi, Rajnish K., and M. Flint Beal. "PPAR: a therapeutic target in Parkinsons disease." Journal of Neurochemistry 106, no. 2 (July 2008): 506–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05388.x.

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Shinotoh, H., and D. B. Calne. "The Use of Pet in Parkinsons-Disease." Brain and Cognition 28, no. 3 (August 1995): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brcg.1995.1259.

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Winge, Kristian, Anne-Marie Skau, Hans Stimpel, Kurt K. Nielsen, and Lene Werdelin. "Prevalence of bladder dysfunction in Parkinsons disease." Neurourology and Urodynamics 25, no. 2 (2006): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.20193.

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Nodel, M. R., K. V. Shevtsova, G. V. Kovrov, and N. N. Yakhno. "Sudden-onset sleep in patients with Parkinson’s disease." Russian neurological journal 27, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2658-7947-2022-27-1-62-68.

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Sudden-onset sleep (SOS) is one of the manifestations of excessive daytime sleepiness (ЕDS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD).Aim: сlarify the clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of patients with SOS at the expanded (2 and 3 stages according to Hoehn–Yahr) stages of PD.Material and methods. 42 patients (18 men and 24 women, average age 66.5 ± 7.9 years, duration of PD 8.9 ± 4.6 years, Hoehn–Yahr stage of PD 2.6 ± 0.5) who received combined dopaminergic therapy with levodopa and dopamine agonist were examined. 32 patients had ЕDS, 10 patients did not have it. The Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS parts II, III in “on” state of dopaminergic medication), the diary of the assessment of the waking period, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Parkinson Disease Sleep Scale I (PDSS I), the Sсales for Outcomes of Parkinsons disease-Cognition (SCOPA-Cog), the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Apathy Scale, the Stroop test. Objective sleep-wake assessment: standard nocturnal video-polysomnography (PSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT).Results. SOS was detected in 69% of patients with complaints of ЕDS. Patients with SOS had a shorter latency of falling asleep according to MSLT data (8.1 ± 5.9 min versus 14.2 ± 3.9 min in patients without of ЕDS, p < 0.05).Patients with SOS had a high severity of motor function disorders, apathy and depression (p < 0.05). Рatients with SOS had no significant differences in the main PSG characteristics of night sleep.Conclusion. SOS can be considered as one of the manifestations of a more severe course of PD. A decrease in the effectiveness of night sleep and a change in its structure are not a determining factor in the development of SOS.

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Shrestha, Resha, Takaomi Taira, Pranaya Shrestha, Pravesh Rajbhandari, Sudan Dhakal, Samir Acharya, Chandra Prakash Limbu, and Basant Pant. "Result of Pallidotomy in Parkinson’s Disease in Nepal." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v13i2.20479.

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Surgical treatment of Parkinsons disease (PD) has already been an established treatment. Currently pallidotomy, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of Globus pallidus internus (GPi) and Subthalamic nucleus (STN) are available mode of surgical treatment of PD. We have included all patients of idiopathic Parkinosons disease who underwent pallidotomy in Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied Sciences since 2014. The demographics of the patients have been shown and the patient’s improvement has been shown by Unifi ed Parkinsons Disease Rating Score (UPDRS). We have found that pallidotomy is still a promising surgical modality but it is advised to perform either unilaterally or staged bilaterally with at least 3 months gap inbetween.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience. Vol. 13, No. 2, 2016, Page: 68-72

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Yahya, Nur Adriana Aqirah, and Asheila AK Meramat. "Association Between Occupational Toxicity Exposure to Pesticides and Parkinson’s Disease Among Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine 6, S1 (November 4, 2022): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.521.

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Despite being acknowledged globally as one of the primary environmental pollutants, pesticides appear as one of the toxic compounds that are available purposefully to be used in controlling pests and vectors, especially in agricultural areas [1]. Nevertheless, pesticides have been discovered to be associated with a broad scope of pathologies, especially with Parkinson’s disease (PD) Most previous studies could not determine a significant positive relationship due to the discrepancies in their methodologies. Based on data published by the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the proportion of citizens with PD in Malaysia is anticipated to grow five-fold by 2040, from an estimated 20,000 to 120,000 cases [2]. Hence, this study is employed to deliver an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis regarding pesticide exposure and PD which will be based on the highest quality of evidence along with a broader extent of study designs that encompass cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies to identify the significant link between them. The objective of this study was to find out whether there is an increased risk of PD among adults with occupational exposure to pesticides and to determine the pesticides that are associated with PD. In formulating the research question, the P (population) E (exposure) C (control) O (outcome) model was used. The search was done from databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Science Direct. The key points used were as followed: “occupational” OR “professional” OR “work-related” OR “job-related” OR/AND “pesticidal” OR “pesticide's” OR “pesticides” OR “pesticide” AND “Parkinson disease” OR “Parkinsons disease” OR “Parkinson's disease” OR “Parkinson” OR “Parkinsons” OR “Parkinson’s”. Meta-analysis was directed by utilizing the Review Manager 5 software to inspect the data regarding work-related pesticide acquaintance and the development of Parkinson’s disease based on all included studies of selected characteristics. The systematic review encompassed 26 studies where 23 of them displayed a significant association between occupational exposures to pesticides that increased the risk of developing PD. The meta-analysis also supported the hypothesis of this study where work-related pesticide acquaintance showed 89% higher odds to develop PD [OR = 1.89, 95% CI (1.63 to 2.20)]. For specific types of pesticides, organophosphorus contact revealed the strongest association with 89% higher odds [OR = 1.89, 95% CI (1.35 to 2.64)] followed by insecticides contact with 86% higher odds [OR = 1.57, 95% CI (1.58 to 1.92)], organochlorine exposure with 71% higher odds [OR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.21 to 2.41)], fungicides acquaintance at 42% higher odds [OR = 1.42, 95% CI (1.33 to 1.51)] and herbicides contact with 23% higher odds [OR = 1.23, 95% CI (1.03 to 1.46)] to establish PD (Table 1). Overall, occupational pesticide contact exhibited an increased risk of PD with organophosphorus displaying the strongest association among other specific types of pesticide. The theory concerning the specific kind of pesticides that can lead to PD is inconsistent where it is immensely dependent upon their mechanism of toxicity and chemical composition as well as its explicit biochemical passageways which up until this moment is not yet being fully understood. Hence, the result of this study can supplement advanced knowledge in the literature where it can be utilized to govern further studies and implementations in the future to improve the safety and health of the workers who are involved with pesticides’ application day to day as well as the health of the public. Therefore, a safer class of pesticides may also be invented consequently. On the other hand, it may also aid in future studies to find out the specific biomarkers or reliable tools which can measure the causal relationship between pesticides’ acquaintance and PD more accurately. Thus, the forthcoming studies that can count on more unbiased and quantifiable approaches regarding the evaluation of pesticides’ acquaintance and PD must be fostered.

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Grigorev, Igor P., and Dmitrii E. Korzhevskii. "Mast cells and neuroinflammation in pathogenesis of neurologic and psychiatric diseases." Medical academic journal 21, no. 2 (September 24, 2021): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj63228.

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The review summarizes current data on the role of neuroinflammation and mast cells in the pathogenesis of nervous and mental diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, autism, migraine, schizophrenia and some others. The contribution of neuroinflammation to the pathogenesis of many of these diseases has been demonstrated. The involvement of mast cells in the development of the neuroinflammatory process has with varying degrees of evidence been shown for multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimers disease and migraine. There is still no convincing evidence that mast cells contribute to neuroinflammation in Parkinsons disease, depression, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, although it is possible that they play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Data on the causal role of neuroinflammation and mast cells in the development of neuropsychiatric diseases may become the basis for the development of new approaches to their pharmacological treatment. The review provides data on the first clinical trials of anti-inflammatory and mast cell activity-modulating drugs for the treatment of migraine, Alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

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