Relevant bibliographies by topics / Parkinsonism and motor control

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Academic literature on the topic 'Parkinsonism and motor control'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Parkinsonism and motor control"

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Jain, Samay, Seo-Young Park, and Diane Comer. "Patterns of Motor and Non-Motor Features in Medication-Naïve Parkinsonism." Neuroepidemiology 45, no. 1 (2015): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437228.

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Background: Parkinsonism is defined by motor features (tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability). Accompanying non-motor features (e.g. cognitive, autonomic, sleep disturbances) are underrecognized and undertreated. We hypothesized that clinical patterns occurring in early, medication-naïve Parkinsonism are distinguished by features such as tremor, sleep, autonomic, and cognitive dysfunction. Methods: Clinical and neuroimaging data were obtained in the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative. Group comparisons of Parkinsonism with dopaminergic deficits (PDD) (n = 388), controls (n = 196), and Parkinsonism with scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficits (n = 64) were done with ANOVA, chi-square, and post-hoc pairwise tests. To examine clinical patterns within the PDD group, k-means clustering was performed with non-motor or motor features, or both. Results: Among PDD, 4 non-motor patterns (% of PDD) (impulsive (14.9%), sleep-autonomic (22.9%), cognitive-olfactory (18.0%), and mild (44.1%)), 4 motor patterns (tremor plus bradykinesia (56.2%), tremor without bradykinesia (16.2%), postural instability (6.7%) and no tremor (20.9%)) and 5 combined motor/non-motor patterns (tremor with bradykinesia (42.3%), tremor without bradykinesia (15.5%), no tremor and mild non-motor features (17.0%), postural instability with sleep-autonomic disturbances (6.7%) and oldest onset cognitive-olfactory (18.6%)) were observed. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first description of non-motor clinical patterns in early, medication-naïve Parkinsonism, suggesting that such features are intrinsic to Parkinsonian disorders.
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Fujimoto, S., N. Yanagisawa, and R. Tanaka. "Voluntary motor control in Parkinsonism." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 61, no. 3 (September 1985): S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(85)90830-2.

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Ma, Yilong, Shichun Peng, Phoebe G. Spetsieris, Vesna Sossi, David Eidelberg, and Doris J. Doudet. "Abnormal Metabolic Brain Networks in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Parkinsonism." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 32, no. 4 (November 30, 2011): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2011.166.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with a characteristic regional metabolic covariance pattern that is modulated by treatment. To determine whether a homologous metabolic pattern is also present in nonhuman primate models of parkinsonism, 11 adult macaque monkeys with parkinsonism secondary to chronic systemic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 12 age-matched healthy animals were scanned with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). A subgroup comprising five parkinsonian and six control animals was used to identify a parkinsonism-related pattern (PRP). For validation, analogous topographies were derived from other subsets of parkinsonian and control animals. The PRP topography was characterized by metabolic increases in putamen/pallidum, thalamus, pons, and sensorimotor cortex, as well as reductions in the posterior parietal-occipital region. Pattern expression was significantly elevated in parkinsonian relative to healthy animals ( P < 0.00001). Parkinsonism-related topographies identified in the other derivation sets were very similar, with significant pairwise correlations of region weights ( r > 0.88; P < 0.0001) and subject scores ( r > 0.74; P < 0.01). Moreover, pattern expression in parkinsonian animals correlated with motor ratings ( r > 0.71; P < 0.05). Thus, homologous parkinsonism-related metabolic networks are demonstrable in PD patients and in monkeys with experimental parkinsonism. Network quantification may provide a useful biomarker for the evaluation of new therapeutic agents in preclinical models of PD.
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Hendrix, Claudia M., Brett A. Campbell, Benjamin J. Tittle, Luke A. Johnson, Kenneth B. Baker, Matthew D. Johnson, Gregory F. Molnar, and Jerrold L. Vitek. "Predictive encoding of motor behavior in the supplementary motor area is disrupted in parkinsonism." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 1247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00306.2018.

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Many studies suggest that Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with changes in neuronal activity patterns throughout the basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor circuit. There are limited electrophysiological data, however, describing how parkinsonism impacts the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and SMA proper (SMAp), cortical areas known to be involved in movement planning and motor control. In this study, local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded in the pre-SMA/SMAp of a nonhuman primate during a visually cued reaching task. Recordings were made in the same subject in both the naive and parkinsonian state using the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of parkinsonism. We found that in the naive animal, well before a go-cue providing instruction of reach onset and direction was given, LFP activity was dynamically modulated in both high (20–30 Hz) and low beta (10–20 Hz) bands, and the magnitude of this modulation (e.g., decrease/increase in beta amplitude for each band, respectively) correlated linearly with reaction time (RT) on a trial-to-trial basis, suggesting it may predictively encode for RT. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed that this activity was more prominent within the pre-SMA compared with SMAp. In the parkinsonian state, however, pre-SMA/SMAp beta band modulation was disrupted, particularly in the high beta band, such that the predictive encoding of RT was significantly diminished. In addition, the predictive encoding of RT preferentially within pre-SMA over SMAp was lost. These findings add to our understanding of the role of pre-SMA/SMAp in motor behavior and suggest a fundamental role of these cortical areas in early preparatory and premovement processes that are altered in parkinsonism. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Goal-directed movements, such as reaching for an object, necessitate temporal preparation and organization of information processing within the basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor network. Impaired movement in parkinsonism is thought to be the result of pathophysiological activity disrupting information flow within this network. This work provides neurophysiological evidence linking altered motor preplanning processes encoded in pre-SMA/SMAp beta band modulation to the pathogenesis of motor disturbances in parkinsonism.
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Villalba, Rosa M., Joseph A. Behnke, Jean-Francois Pare, and Yoland Smith. "Comparative Ultrastructural Analysis of Thalamocortical Innervation of the Primary Motor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area in Control and MPTP-Treated Parkinsonian Monkeys." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 7 (March 2, 2021): 3408–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab020.

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Abstract The synaptic organization of thalamic inputs to motor cortices remains poorly understood in primates. Thus, we compared the regional and synaptic connections of vGluT2-positive thalamocortical glutamatergic terminals in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the primary motor cortex (M1) between control and MPTP-treated parkinsonian monkeys. In controls, vGluT2-containing fibers and terminal-like profiles invaded layer II–III and Vb of M1 and SMA. A significant reduction of vGluT2 labeling was found in layer Vb, but not in layer II–III, of parkinsonian animals, suggesting a potential thalamic denervation of deep cortical layers in parkinsonism. There was a significant difference in the pattern of synaptic connectivity in layers II–III, but not in layer Vb, between M1 and SMA of control monkeys. However, this difference was abolished in parkinsonian animals. No major difference was found in the proportion of perforated versus macular post-synaptic densities at thalamocortical synapses between control and parkinsonian monkeys in both cortical regions, except for a slight increase in the prevalence of perforated axo-dendritic synapses in the SMA of parkinsonian monkeys. Our findings suggest that disruption of the thalamic innervation of M1 and SMA may underlie pathophysiological changes of the motor thalamocortical loop in the state of parkinsonism.
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Contreras-Vidal, JoséL, and George E. Stelmach. "Effects of parkinsonism on motor control." Life Sciences 58, no. 3 (December 1995): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(95)02237-6.

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Boika, A. V., N. Y. Aleinikava, V. V. Ponomarev, A. M. Ustsiamchuk, and H. I. Ivanchik. "PARKINSONISM SYNDROME FORMATION IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS. NEUROINFLAMMATORY PENUMBRA." Vestnik of Vitebsk State Medical University 20, no. 4 (August 17, 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2021.4.53.

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Much valuable information about the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been obtained from studies on the laboratory animals. Objectives. To compare the development of neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory parkinsonism syndrome in laboratory animals. Material and methods. The number of rats in the group of neuroinflammatory model of parkinsonism syndrome (lipopolysaccharide) was 6, and in the group of neurotoxic model (rotenone) - 20. The control group consisted of 5 animals. The study was approved by the independent Ethics Committee. The development dynamics of parkinsonism syndrome of neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory genesis was assessed in the study of the motor activity of animals, as well as in the laboratory study of biomarkers of dopamine metabolism (dopamine and homovanillic acid) in blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid obtained in 7 and 21 days after the first administration of rotenone or lipopolysaccharide, and also after a single intravenous injection of allogeneic (rat) multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) carried out after 9 injections of rotenone. Results. A decrease in the levels of dopamine and homovanillic acid has been shown in laboratory animals on the development of Parkinson’s syndrome. In rats with a neuroinflammatory model of parkinsonism syndrome, a pre-motor stage of motor disorders development has been laboratorially confirmed. During the first weeks after the introduction of MMSC, regression of the motor symptoms of neurotoxic parkinsonism syndrome and a parallel increase in dopamine and homovanillic acid are determined. Conclusions. The effectiveness of MMSC in the early post-transplantation period is associated with the paracrine effect. It is proposed to call activated microglia, a potential therapeutic target in PD, neuroinflammatory penumbra.
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Yanbing, Ding, Huang Lixia, Chen Jun, Hu Song, Yuan Fahu, and Tu Jinwen. "Corilagin attenuates the Parkinsonismin Japanese encephalitis virus induced Parkinsonism." Translational Neuroscience 9, no. 1 (July 18, 2018): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2018-0003.

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AbstractThis study evaluates the protective effect of corilagin against Parkinsonismin Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) induced Parkinson’s disease. The JaGAr-01 strain of virus was used to induce JE. The virus was injected into the rats (13 days age) at the midpoint between the two ears. Adult rats, 12 week after the inoculation of virus, were used for the further study. Corilagin (20 mg/kg) and levodopa with dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (LEV, 10 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally for the duration of one week. Bradykinesia and the levels of dopamine in the brain were estimated at the end of protocol. There was a significant decrease inthe motor function in the corilagin, LEV and LEV + corilagin treated groupscompared to the negative control group. However treatment with corilagin, LEV and LEV + corilagin significantly increases the level of dopamine in the brain compared to the negative control group. This study concludes that corilagin ameliorates the Parkinsonismin JEV induced Parkinsonism. Moreover it shows a synergistic effect when treated with LEV. Data presented in the investigation supports that corilagin can be used clinically.
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Benazzouz, A., B. Piallat, Z. G. Ni, A. Koudsie, P. Pollak, and A. L. Benabid. "Implication of the Subthalamic Nucleus in the Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease." Cell Transplantation 9, no. 2 (March 2000): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368970000900207.

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The subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been shown to play an important role in the control of movement and has been considered as a key structure in the functional organization of the basal ganglia. Several studies postulated that the STN plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and that its inhibition or its lesioning can reverse the cardinal motor symptoms. Nevertheless, the beneficial effect was accompanied by dyskinetic abnormal movements. In order to avoid unpleasant and irreversible side effects we used high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the STN instead of lesions. We have shown that parkinsonian motor symptoms, akinesia, rigidity, and tremor can be alleviated by HFS of the STN in the nonhuman primate model. Side effects were controllable and appeared only at intensities higher than that inducing the improvement of motor symptoms. In severe parkinsonian patients, bilateral STN-HFS greatly improved parkinsonian motor symptoms. Motor fluctuations were attenuated and patients became independent in most activities of daily living. It appears that STN-HFS mimics the effects of lesions by inhibiting its neuronal activity. In a rat model of parkinsonism, we studied the implication of the STN in the excitotoxicity of nigral dopamine cells. We showed that kainic acid lesioning of the STN can protect nigral dopaminergic cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced toxicity. The evidence reviewed in the present article clearly demonstrates that the STN is implicated in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Darbin, Olivier, Xingxing Jin, Christof Von Wrangel, Kerstin Schwabe, Atsushi Nambu, Dean K. Naritoku, Joachim K. Krauss, and Mesbah Alam. "Neuronal Entropy-Rate Feature of Entopeduncular Nucleus in Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease." International Journal of Neural Systems 26, no. 02 (February 21, 2016): 1550038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065715500380.

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The function of the nigro-striatal pathway on neuronal entropy in the basal ganglia (BG) output nucleus, i.e. the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) was investigated in the unilaterally 6-hyroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In both control subjects and subjects with 6-OHDA lesion of dopamine (DA) the nigro-striatal pathway, a histological hallmark for parkinsonism, neuronal entropy in EPN was maximal in neurons with firing rates ranging between 15 and 25[Formula: see text]Hz. In 6-OHDA lesioned rats, neuronal entropy in the EPN was specifically higher in neurons with firing rates above 25[Formula: see text]Hz. Our data establishes that the nigro-striatal pathway controls neuronal entropy in motor circuitry and that the parkinsonian condition is associated with abnormal relationship between firing rate and neuronal entropy in BG output nuclei. The neuronal firing rates and entropy relationship provide putative relevant electrophysiological information to investigate the sensory-motor processing in normal condition and conditions such as movement disorders.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Parkinsonism and motor control"

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Canavan, A. G. M. "Functions of basal ganglia in man and monkey." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376889.

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Kumbhare, Deepak. "ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF BASAL GANGLIA (BG) CIRCUITRY AND DYSTONIA AS A MODEL OF MOTOR CONTROL DYSFUNCTION." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4305.

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The basal ganglia (BG) is a complex set of heavily interconnected nuclei located in the central part of the brain that receives inputs from the several areas of the cortex and projects via the thalamus back to the prefrontal and motor cortical areas. Despite playing a significant part in multiple brain functions, the physiology of the BG and associated disorders like dystonia remain poorly understood. Dystonia is a devastating condition characterized by ineffective, twisting movements, prolonged co-contractions and contorted postures. Evidences suggest that it occurs due to abnormal discharge patterning in BG-thalamocortocal (BGTC) circuitry. The central purpose of this study was to understand the electrophysiology of BGTC circuitry and its role in motor control and dystonia. Toward this goal, an advanced multi-target multi-unit recording and analysis system was utilized, which allows simultaneous collection and analysis of multiple neuronal units from multiple brain nuclei. Over the cause of this work, neuronal data from the globus pallidus (GP), subthalamic nucleus (STN), entopenduncular nucleus (EP), pallidal receiving thalamus (VL) and motor cortex (MC) was collected from normal, lesioned and dystonic rats under awake, head restrained conditions. The results have shown that the neuronal population in BG nuclei (GP, STN and EP) were characterized by a dichotomy of firing patterns in normal rats which remains preserved in dystonic rats. Unlike normals, neurons in dystonic rat exhibit reduced mean firing rate, increased irregularity and burstiness at resting state. The chaotic changes that occurs in BG leads to inadequate hyperpolarization levels within the VL thalamic neurons resulting in a shift from the normal bursting mode to an abnormal tonic firing pattern. During movement, the dystonic EP generates abnormally synchronized and elongated burst duration which further corrupts the VL motor signals. It was finally concluded that the loss of specificity and temporal misalignment between motor neurons leads to corrupted signaling to the muscles resulting in dystonic behavior. Furthermore, this study reveals the importance of EP output in controlling firing modes occurring in the VL thalamus.
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Baston, Chiara <1986&gt. "Motor control system in Parkinson’s disease: a modeling approach." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7147/.

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Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder due to the death of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia. The process that leads to these neural alterations is still unknown. Parkinson’s disease affects most of all the motor sphere, with a wide array of impairment such as bradykinesia, akinesia, tremor, postural instability and singular phenomena such as freezing of gait. Moreover, in the last few years the fact that the degeneration in the basal ganglia circuitry induces not only motor but also cognitive alterations, not necessarily implicating dementia, and that dopamine loss induces also further implications due to dopamine-driven synaptic plasticity got more attention. At the present moment, no neuroprotective treatment is available, and even if dopamine-replacement therapies as well as electrical deep brain stimulation are able to improve the life conditions of the patients, they often present side effects on the long term, and cannot recover the neural loss, which instead continues to advance. In the present thesis both motor and cognitive aspects of Parkinson’s disease and basal ganglia circuitry were investigated, at first focusing on Parkinson’s disease sensory and balance issues by means of a new instrumented method based on inertial sensor to provide further information about postural control and postural strategies used to attain balance, then applying this newly developed approach to assess balance control in mild and severe patients, both ON and OFF levodopa replacement. Given the inability of levodopa to recover balance issues and the new physiological findings than underline the importance in Parkinson’s disease of non-dopaminergic neurotransmitters, it was therefore developed an original computational model focusing on acetylcholine, the most promising neurotransmitter according to physiology, and its role in synaptic plasticity. The rationale of this thesis is that a multidisciplinary approach could gain insight into Parkinson’s disease features still unresolved.
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Levy-Tzedek, Shelly. "A study of motor control in healthy subjects and in Parkinson's disease patients." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43794.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Biological Engineering Division, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a primarily motor disorder which affects at least half a million people in the US alone. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical intervention by which neural structures are stimulated electrically by an implanted pacemaker. It has become the treatment of choice for PD, when not adequately controlled by drug therapy. We introduced a novel robotic platform for the study of the effects of DBS on motor control in PD. Subjects performed discrete wrist movements with and without a force field. We found preliminary indication that motor learning may be taking place with stimulation, and demonstrated how robotic testing can augment existing clinical tools in evaluation of the disease. To study the effect of stimulation on movement frequency, we employed a rhythmic task that required movements of the elbow to remain within a closed shape on a phase plane. Three closed shapes required varying frequency/amplitude combinations of elbow movement. The task was performed with and without visual feedback. Analysis of data from the healthy control subjects revealed a non-monotonic relation between accuracy on the phase plane and movement speed. Further kinematic analyses, including movement intermittency and harmonicity, number and type of submovements (movement primitives) fit per movement cycle, and the effects of vision on intermittency were used to support the model we propose, whereby there exist two subtypes of rhythmic movement; small-amplitude, high-frequency movements are nearly maximally harmonic, and harness the elastic properties of the limb to achieve smoothness and accuracy, and large-amplitude, low-frequency movements share characteristics with a string of discrete movements, and make use of visual feedback to achieve smoothness and accuracy.
(cont.) Bradykinesia (slowness of movement) is one of the hallmarks of PD. We examined the effects of visual feedback on bradykinesia. PD patients off dopaminergic medication and healthy age-matched controls performed significantly faster movements when visual feedback was withdrawn. For the bradykinetic subjects, this increase in movement speed meant either a mitigation or an elimination of bradykinesia. Our results support a role of the basal ganglia in sensorimotor integration, and argue for the integration of nonvision exercises into patients' physical therapy regime.
by Shelly Levy-Tzedek.
Ph.D.
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Britain, Alfred Alexander. "The role of the basal ganglia in the selection and control of sequential action." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361255.

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O'Sullivan, S. S. "Non-motor symptons in Parkinson's disease including the dopamine dysregulation syndrome and impulse control." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/20244/.

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This thesis focuses on the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD), with particular emphasis on impulsive-compulsive spectrum behaviours (ICBs). The relevance of NMS is investigated as presenting complaints amongst 21% of 433 patients with pathologically-proven PD. These patients had delayed diagnosis of PD, and often underwent unnecessary and potentially harmful interventions. Motor and NMS of LRRK2- associated PD are compared with idiopathic PD, and NMS of LRRK2-associated PD are more benign than in idiopathic PD. Increased Lewy body burden was shown to correlate with NMS in a subgroup of idiopathic PD patients at post-mortem. A metanalysis investigates pathological gambling and the dopamine dysregulation syndrome in PD, highlighting the importance of dopamine agonists in pathological gambling. A new ICB in PD, named "reckless generosity", occurring in association with dopamine agonist use is described. Dopamine agonists are also implicated in the development of ICBs in patients with pathologically-confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy. An increased prevalence of excessive hoarding as a NMS of PD is shown, particularly in patients with other ICBs. Hoarding is shown to relate more to impulsivity measures than obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The overlap between sleep disturbance, dreams, mood and ICBs in PD is demonstrated. Sleep disturbance is independent of dopaminergic medication use, and instead relates to anxiety, depression, and the presence of ICBs. Reward learning in PD patients with and without ICBs, and healthy controls is tested on a reaction time game, the Salience Attribution Test. PD patients with ICBs show increased impulsivity on temporal discounting tasks, but do not show increased aberrant salience to rewards. Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning is used to investigate the dopaminergic pathways involved in ICBs by comparing PD patients with ICBs to those without ICBs after a L-dopa challenge and visual reward-related cue exposure. The results differ from studies on PD patients with addictive dopamine dysregulation, or other non-PD drug addicted individuals. The role of deep brain stimulation surgery for PD, patients with ICBs is investigated in a case series of 21 operated PD patients exhibiting ICBs at some stage during the course of their disease. The mixed results suggest the need for careful selection of patients for this procedure.
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Samuel, Michael. "Functional imaging studies of motor control in patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy volunteers." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248406.

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Lahr, Juliana [UNESP]. "Controle motor em pacientes com doença de Parkinson: terapia do espelho, foco de atenção e tarefa dupla." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132427.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) presents asymmetric early motor symptoms, and those symptoms affect the processing and the integration of proprioceptive information. Due to that, the upper limb motor control is impaired even on single task (isolated manual task) and dual task (manual task and posture control). Because these sort of tasks are performed during activities of daily living, the role of asymmetry on those task must be clarified to elucidate the effects of disease on PD functionality and thus guide the therapists choose more effective interventions. Among strategies of intervention on PD motor impairments, two strategies that deserve special attention are the instruction of external focus of attention and mirror therapy (MT). Both interventions might be potentially effective to facilitate motor learning. Aims: to assess the role of PD asymmetry on upper limbs motor control and postural control in conditions of single versus dual task; and tasks with attentional focus with instructions versus external focus as well as to verify the effect of MT on upper limbs motor control more affected on postural control of PD patients. Methods: Twenty PD patients were submitted to assessments on: Upper Limb motor control (kinematic analysis) and postural control (kinetics analysis), in single and dual task conditions, with and without external focus of attention. Posteriorly, the subjects were distributed in two different groups: GI1 and GI2. The MT protocol consisted in a unilateral home therapy on less affected upper limb, performed 30 minutes a day, five days a week, during 6 consecutives weeks. To assist the subjects of GI1, they performed this protocol using a visual feedback (mirror therapy). Both groups were assessed before and after therapy protocol. Results: performance was not different between upper limbs and single and dual tasks, both in single and in dual task. After protocol period, both groups showed improvements on kinematic outcomes (manual dexterity, movement frequency of the hand, hesitation and task performance time improvements, independent of the sort of focus of attention that was used). Conclusion: Manual task is not affected by PD asymmetry on single and dual task. The external focus of attention was not effective to improve the task performance in PD patients, and it is not recommended to be performed during dynamic tasks. The therapy protocol with or without visual feedback promotes extended benefits on execution and planning of manual task of more affected upper limb independently of focus of attention, but it is not able to decrease the functional and motor impairments neither improve postural control. Therefore MT seems to be equally effective on manual tasks benefits, however more studies are necessary to confirm this efficacy.
Introdução: a doença de Parkinson (DP) tem o início assimétrico dos sintomas motores e afeta o processamento e a integração das informações proprioceptivas, comprometendo o controle motor dos membros superiores tanto em tarefa singular (tarefa manual isolada) quanto em tarefa dupla (tarefa manual e controle postural). Por estas tarefas serem frequentemente exigidas nas atividades de vida diária, esclarecimentos quanto ao papel da assimetria da doença nessas tarefas podem elucidar sobre os efeitos da doença na funcionalidade dos pacientes e nortear a decisão sobre estratégias de intervenção mais pertinentes. Dentre as estratégias de intervenção para esses comprometimentos encontram-se a instrução de foco de ação externo e a terapia do espelho (TE). Ambas as intervenções podem ser potencialmente eficazes na DP por facilitar a aprendizagem motora. Objetivos: avaliar o papel da assimetria da doença no controle dos membros superiores e do controle postural nas condições de tarefa singular versus dupla e de tarefa com instrução de foco de atenção livre versus foco externo, assim como verificar o efeito da TE no controle motor do membro superior afetado e no controle postural de pacientes com DP. Método: 20 pacientes foram avaliados quanto ao controle dos membros superiores (análise cinemática) e ao controle postural (análise cinética), nas condições de tarefa singular e dupla, foco de atenção livre e externo. Posteriormente, os pacientes foram distribuídos nos grupos GI1 e GI2 e realizaram a intervenção que consistiu de treino unilateral do membro superior menos afetado, com duração de 30 minutos diários, 5 dias consecutivos na semana, durante 6 semanas, em domicílio. Na intervenção somente o GI1 utilizou o feedback visual - TE. Os grupos foram avaliados pré- e pós-intervenção. Resultados: o desempenho não diferiu entre os membros superiores e entre as condições de tarefa singular e dupla. O foco de atenção externo reduziu o desempenho da tarefa manual, tanto na tarefa singular quanto na dupla. Após o período de intervenção, ambos os grupos melhoraram o desempenho nas variáveis cinemáticas – aumentaram a destreza manual e a frequência de movimento da mão, diminuíram a hesitação na realização do movimento e o tempo para realizar a tarefa, independente do foco de atenção empregado. Conclusão: a assimetria da doença não interfere no desempenho da tarefa manual nas condições de tarefa singular e dupla. O foco de atenção externo não foi eficaz em melhorar o desempenho da tarefa manual em pacientes com DP, não devendo ser utilizado em tarefas dinâmicas. A intervenção, com ou sem feedback visual, melhora a execução e o planejamento da tarefa manual do membro superior afetado independente do foco atencional empregado, mas não é capaz de reduzir o comprometimento funcional e motor, nem de melhorar o desempenho do controle postural. Portanto, a TE parece ser igualmente eficaz na melhora do desempenho da tarefa manual, porém, mais estudos são necessários para afirmar sua efetividade.
CNPq: 157894/2013-4
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Sacrey, Lori-Ann Rosalind. "Development and degeneration of the sensory control of reach-to-eat behaviour." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Neurosicence, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3259.

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The reach-to-eat movement, in which a hand is advanced towards a food item, shapes to grasp the food item, and withdrawals to place the food item into the mouth for eating, is a behaviour that is performed daily. The movement is controlled by two sensory systems, vision to guide hand advance and grasping, and somatosensation to guide hand withdrawal and mouth placement. The purpose of the present thesis was to examine how the sensory control of reaching-to-eat develops in infancy and degenerates following neurodegenerative disorder. The tight coupling of vision to hand advance and somatosensation to hand withdrawal has a developmental profile from six months to one year of age. That is, six-month-old infants rely on vision to advance their hand, grasp the target, and withdrawal the target to the mouth. By twelve months of age, infants display the adult pattern of coupling vision to hand advance and grasping. The tight coupling of vision to hand advance degenerates with basal ganglia disease, such that subjects with Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease show an overreliance on vision to guide hand advance for grasping and hand withdrawal for mouth placement. The results of the thesis demonstrate that efficient use of sensory control to guide motor behaviour is an important aspect of development that is disrupted by neurodegenerative disease.
xiv, 286 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Tumanova, Victoria. "The role of procedural learning in stuttering: implications from visuomotor tracking performance." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/898.

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This research study examined motor control and procedural learning abilities in the oral and manual motor systems of adults who stutter, using people with Parkinson's disease, and age-matched controls as comparison groups. Participants in this study were asked to track a moving target on a computer screen with their jaw and with their dominant hand. Specifically, we compared their tracking accuracy for predictable and unpredictable signals. Procedural learning (defined as increased accuracy over time) was assessed by examining changes in tracking accuracy within a single tracking trial and between consecutive tracking trials of the same predictable condition. There were two main findings in this study related to tracking accuracy and procedural learning in people who stutter (PWS) and age-matched controls (CPWS). First, our analyses revealed that there was no significant difference between PWS and CPWS in the accuracy of tracking of either predictable or unpredictable conditions for either the hand or the jaw, although a trend was observed in which PWS performed more poorly in both for decreased accuracy. Second, both PWS and CPWS showed evidence of procedural learning to the same extent. There were two main findings in this study related to tracking accuracy and procedural learning in people who have Parkinson's disease (PPD) and age-matched controls (CPPD). First, tracking accuracy analyses revealed that PPD performed significantly more poorly than CPPD during jaw tracking of predictable conditions, but they were not significantly different from CPPD in jaw tracking of unpredictable conditions. During hand tracking PPD differed significantly from CPPD in tracking of both predictable and unpredictable conditions for their less accurate performance. Second, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the extent of procedural learning during jaw tracking. However, during hand tracking the PPD group improved less with time than the CPPD, suggesting that the PPD group had reduced procedural learning ability in the manual motor domain. Lastly, age was found to be an important factor determining tracking accuracy in our participants. Younger participants (PWS and CPWS) in the age range of 18-40 years had significantly better accuracy of jaw and hand tracking than the older individuals (PPD and CPPD) in the age range of 57-79 years.
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Books on the topic "Parkinsonism and motor control"

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Motor control in Parkinson's disease. Zürich: vdf, Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH, 1996.

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Gantchev, G. N., B. Dimitrov, and P. Gatev, eds. Motor Control. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7508-5.

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Gantchev, G. N. Motor Control. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987.

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N, Gantchev G., Dimitrov B, and Gatev P, eds. Motor control. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

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N, Alerich Walter, ed. Industrial motor control. 2nd ed. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 1990.

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N, Alerich Walter, ed. Industrial motor control. 4th ed. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 1999.

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Hansen, Irving G. Induction motor control. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Senty, Steve. Motor control fundamentals. Australia: Delmar, 2013.

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Human motor control. San Diego: Academic Press, 1991.

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Herman, Stephen L. Industrial motor control. 3rd ed. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Parkinsonism and motor control"

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Hocherman, S., G. Levin, N. Giladi, and M. B. H. Youdim. "Deprenyl monotherapy improves visuo-motor control in early parkinsonism." In MAO — The Mother of all Amine Oxidases, 63–69. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6499-0_7.

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Raeva, Svetlana. "Electrophysiological Insights into the Motor Control System in Parkinsonism." In Basal Ganglia and Thalamus in Health and Movement Disorders, 275–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1235-6_24.

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Mitchell, Ian. "Parkinson’s Disease, Brain Stimulation and Motor Control." In Broken Brains, 43–66. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-36684-9_3.

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Romanov, Sergey P., and Michael G. Pchelin. "The Motor Control Output Forming in Healthy Subjects and Parkinson’s Disease Patients." In Basal Ganglia and Thalamus in Health and Movement Disorders, 293–305. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1235-6_26.

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Prediger, Rui Daniel, Filipe Carvalho Matheus, Paulo Alexandre de Oliveira, Daniel Rial, Morgana Moretti, Ana Cristina Guerra de Souza, Aderbal Silva Aguiar, and Rodrigo A. Cunha. "Adenosine A2A Receptor-Mediated Control of Non-Motor Functions in Parkinson’s Disease." In Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, 183–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20273-0_10.

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Pflüger, Hans-Joachim, and Keith Sillar. "Motor Control." In Neurosciences - From Molecule to Behavior: a university textbook, 479–524. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10769-6_23.

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Hutchins, Tiffany, Giacomo Vivanti, Natasa Mateljevic, Roger J. Jou, Frederick Shic, Lauren Cornew, Timothy P. L. Roberts, et al. "Motor Control." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1920. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_571.

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Kuks, J. B. M., and J. W. Snoek. "Motor control." In Textbook of Clinical Neurology, 47–57. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2142-1_5.

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Lee, Su Mei. "Motor Control." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2995. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_571.

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Bello, Lorenzo, Christian F. Freyschlag, and Fabien Rech. "Motor Control." In Intraoperative Mapping of Cognitive Networks, 3–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75071-8_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Parkinsonism and motor control"

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Shah, Vrutangkumar V., Sachin Goyal, and Harish Palanthandalam-Madapusi. "A Biomechanical Approach to Diagnosis and Monitoring of Parkinson’s Disease." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46781.

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Parkinson’s disease is an idiopathic and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Among the symptoms, the tremor at rest is one of the prominent symptoms. The challenge however is that there are no definitive diagnostic test that can confirm the presence or severity of Parkinson’s disease. This is a serious handicap especially since the drugs usually prescribed to control these symptoms have serious side effects and their dosages have to be tuned extensively. Also, the exact origin of tremor is unknown. There have been recent efforts [19] to understand the mechanism behind the Parkinsonian tremor, from a control-system perspectives. From these efforts, it appears that increased sensorimotor loop delay may be a cause for Parkinsonian tremor and thus serve as a key distinguishing feature. In the current work, we adopted this hypothesis and with the help of a relatively straightforward analysis of the motor control loop along with the help of some simulation and experimental examples, we first attempt to explain several qualitative observations relating to Parkinson’s Disease. Further, we explore the possibilities of for progress tracking, diagnosis, and early diagnosis before onset of tremor using biomechanical means.
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Zamanian, Amir Hosein, and Edmond Richer. "Adaptive Disturbance Rejection Controller for Pathological Tremor Suppression With Permanent Magnet Linear Motor." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5151.

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This paper presents an adaptive disturbance rejection (ADR) controller developed for the suppression of the pathological tremor in the humans’ wrist. An experimental setup, based on a slotted permanent magnet linear motor (PMLM), was developed to evaluate the ADR’s performance in real-time suppression of the tremor signal recorded from Parkinson’s disease patients. A model-base compensator was utilized to minimize the resistive and cogging forces exhibited by the PMLM. Experimental results showed an average tremor amplitude suppression of 32.61 dB (97.6%) in the first, and 15.23 dB (82.7%) in the second tremor frequency respectively. The average magnitude of the resistance force induced by the system against voluntary motion was 0.36 N. Furthermore, to evaluate the tremor suppression performance of the presented technique the results were compared with two other studies that used pneumatic actuators and magneto-rheological dampers (MRD). The performance of the PMLM was analogous to actively controlled pneumatic actuators and was significantly better than the semi-active controller with MRD.
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Burget, Felix, Christoph Maurer, Wolfram Burgard, and Maren Bennewitz. "Learning motor control parameters for motion strategy analysis of Parkinson's disease patients." In 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2015.7354083.

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He, X., M. Hao, M. Wei, Q. Xiao, and N. Lan. "A novel experimental method to evaluate motor task control in Parkinson's patients." In 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6611065.

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Jansson, Daniel, and Alexander Medvedev. "Volterra modeling of the Smooth Pursuit System with application to motor symptoms characterization in Parkinson's disease." In 2014 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecc.2014.6862207.

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Klixbull, Matthew R., Matthew R. Durst, Michael G. Pfeiffer, and Jenni M. Buckley. "Modular Steering and Braking System for Assistive Bicycling." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14348.

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There are a variety of commercially available cycling systems for users with physical disabilities. These include arm-driven recumbent bicycle and tricycle frames for individuals with limited leg function and tandem system for visually or mobility-impaired individuals. More complex adaptive cycling systems, such as the BerkelBike, have also been developed, which have integrated arm and leg driving mechanisms as well as on-board motor assistance and, in some cases, Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). These units cost upwards of US$8,000 and are beyond the price range of many individuals and community centers. All current assistive cycling systems also require some degree of fine motor control, either in the torso or the arms, to control steering and braking mechanisms. That would make these systems inaccessible for individuals with severe motor control disabilities, such as Parkinsons or advanced MS.
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Shukla, Amit. "Classification of Nonlinear Dynamics of Human Posture Using Support Vector Machines." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13609.

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Human postural control can be modeled as a complex, non-linear multi-sensory and multi actuation system. Postural control requires a balance between various sensory inputs and the corresponding response in a motor control framework. Various motor control disorders result in a propensity for fall. In this paper, a classification scheme using support vector machines (SVM) is investigated to classify individuals between healthy and those prone to balance disorders including falls. First, a computational model is described to illustrate the proposed approach. It is shown that using SVM, in conjunction with L2 Norm associated with the phase space trajectories, it is possible to classify fallers and non-fallers. This metric can then be utilized for clinical application upon further evaluation. This may benefit clinical evaluation of Parkinson’s subjects by complementing the widely used UPDRS scale.
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Rowe, Hannah P., Sarah E. Gutz, Marc F. Maffei, and Jordan R. Green. "Acoustic-Based Articulatory Phenotypes of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson’s Disease: Towards an Interpretable, Hypothesis-Driven Framework of Motor Control." In Interspeech 2020. ISCA: ISCA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-1459.

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Nelson, Gill, and Brad Alan Racette. "1387 Correlation between clinical assessment of parkinsonism, self-reported symptoms and motor dysfunction in a manganese-exposed community." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1450.

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Shardlow, M. A., and J. J. Greening. "D.C. motor control." In IET Professional Development Course on Electric Traction Systems. IEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20080507.

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Reports on the topic "Parkinsonism and motor control"

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Kubota, Hidenobu. Motor Vehicle Emission Control in Japan. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0140.

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Maase, Hannon T., Jonathan A. Locker, and Philip T. Krein. Bus Current Feedback for Motor Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377502.

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Chaloupka, Frank, Henry Saffer, and Michael Grossman. Alcohol Control Policies and Motor Vehicle Fatalities. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3831.

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Fahle, Manfred. Limits of Precision for Human Eye Motor Control. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225515.

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Deluchi, M., Quanlu Wang, and D. L. Greene. Motor vehicle fuel economy, the forgotten HC control stragegy? Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10167340.

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Arimitsu, Minoru, Masaki Nakano, Yuusuke Minagawa, and Shouichi Maeda. Compound Current Control of an Innovatively Wired Two-Motor System. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0210.

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Curry, David. Handedness and Motor Programming Effects of Manual Control and Movement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada264022.

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Watson, T. L. W-026, acceptance test report motor control centers (submittal{number_sign}515.1). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/326436.

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Deluchi, M., Quanlu Wang, and D. L. Greene. Motor vehicle fuel economy, the forgotten HC control stragegy. [Hydrocarbon (HC)]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7295170.

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Castillo, V., D. Derryberry, Z. Huang, and T. Tallerico. Motor control system for the Expt. No. 821 Plan B compressor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157478.

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