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Journal articles on the topic 'Parkinson's disease'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Búřil, Jiří, Petra Búřilová, Andrea Pokorná, Ingrid Kováčová, and Marek Baláž. "Representation of Parkinson's disease and atypical Parkinson's syndromes in the Czech Republic—A nationwide retrospective study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): e0246342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246342.

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Background Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which causes health problem that affects more patients in the past few years. To be able to offer appropriate care, epidemiological analyses are crucial at the national level and its comparison with the international situation. Aim The demographic description of reported patients with parkinsonism (including Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes) according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) from the national health registries. Methods Retrospective analysis of data available from the National Health Information System–NHIS and the National Registry of Reimbursed Health Services (NRRHS). Analyzed epidemiological data are intending to determine the regional and specific prevalence of Parkinsonism in the Czech Republic. The International Classification of Diseases diagnoses (ICD-10) of G20 (Parkinson’s disease—PD) and G23.1, G23.2, G23.3 (other degenerative disorders of basal ganglia), and G31.8 (another degenerative disease of basal ganglia) from the period of 2012 to 2018 were included into the analysis. Results We identified 78 453 unique patients from national registries in the period 2012 to 2018. Diagnoses of G20, G23.1, G23.2, and G31.8 were registered as the principal diagnoses in 76.6% of all individual patients. Conclusion We have found a growing number of patients coded with ICD-10 of dg. G20, G23.1, G23.2, G23.3, or G31.8 (N = 27 891 in 2012, and N = 30 612 in 2018). We have proven regional differences in the prevalence of Parkinson´s diagnoses. Therefore we assume most likely also differences in the care of patients with PD based on the availability of specialty care centers.

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2

Alonso, Ma Elisa, Enrique Otero, Rosalinda D'Regules, and Hector Hugo Figueroa. "Parkinson's Disease: A Genetic Study." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 13, no. 3 (August 1986): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100036362.

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ABSTRACT:A sample of 122 patients with Parkinson's Disease was studied for the purpose of investigating if the frequency of relatives affected with Parkinson in this group was higher than in a control group and to see if the genetic load was more important in some of the subtypes of Parkinson described by Barbeau and Pourcher (1982).7 In our 122 patients, we found that 1.7% were post-encephalic parkinsonian, 12.3% were symptomatic cases and 86% of the idiopathic variety. There were 16.1% early onset patients in the idiopathic group and among these we found 23.5% with a positive family history of Parkinson in the first-degree relatives. In 6 cases with the tremor onset form of the disease, the family history was positive and 5 patients, 4.7% had familial essential tremor-related Parkinsonism. Our results support Barbeau's hypothesis7.19 that Parkinson is a heterogeneous disease in which some subtypes (such as early onset Parkinson) have an important genetic subceptibility component.

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3

Blonder, Lee X., and John T. Slevin. "Emotional Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease." Behavioural Neurology 24, no. 3 (2011): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/143857.

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In addition to motor symptomatology, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is characterized by emotional dysfunction. Depression affects some 30 to 40 percent of Parkinson patients and other psychiatric co-morbidities include anxiety and apathy. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies of emotional dysfunction in Parkinson patients suggest abnormalities involving mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. There is also evidence suggesting that the interaction between serotonin and dopamine systems is important in the understanding and treatment of mood disorders in Parkinson’s disease. In this review we discuss the neuropsychiatric abnormalities that accompany Parkinson's disease and describe their neuropsychological, neuropharmacologic, and neuroimaging concomitants.

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4

Hayes, Michael T. "Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism." American Journal of Medicine 132, no. 7 (July 2019): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.03.001.

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5

Agid, Y. "Parkinson's disease or Parkinson's diseases?" Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 53, no. 7 (August 1999): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0753-3322(00)88499-1.

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6

Ellis, Harold. "James Parkinson: Parkinson's Disease." Journal of Perioperative Practice 23, no. 11 (November 2013): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045891302301106.

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7

Taggart, Chris, and Chantal Simon. "Parkinson's Disease." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 2, no. 4 (April 2009): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/innovait/inn164.

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James Parkinson was born in Hoxton Square, London, in 1755. His most important medical work was ‘An Essay on the Shaking Palsy’ (1817). In this short essay, Parkinson gave the classic, albeit in modern terms limited, clinical description of the illness later termed ‘Parkinson's disease’: ‘Involuntary tremulous motion, with lessened muscular power, in parts not in action and even when supported; with a propensity to bend the trunk forwards, and to pass from a walking to a running pace: the senses and intellect being uninjured’.

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8

Whitlock, F. A. "The Psychiatric Complications of Parkinson's Disease." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 20, no. 2 (June 1986): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678609161325.

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Although James Parkinson in 1817 excluded mental symptoms from his original description of paralysis agitans, it has become clear that a wide range of psychiatric disorders can develop in patients with this disease. The principal conditions of dementia, depression and confusional syndromes, many of which are precipitated by drugs used in the treatment of parkinsonism, are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the frequency of dementia and its likely pathogenesis, to the nature of depression in Parkinson's disease and to the effects of different drugs, notably levodopa. A number of rare disorders characterised by parkinsonian and psychiatric symptoms are also discussed.

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9

Dickson, D. W. "Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism: Neuropathology." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 2, no. 8 (June 20, 2012): a009258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a009258.

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10

Nicita-Mauro, V., G. Basile, A. Mento, A. Epifanio, G. Martino, and L. Morgante. "Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism and aging." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 35 (January 2002): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4943(02)00138-3.

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11

William Langston, J., Ian Irwin, and George A. Ricaurte. "Neurotoxins, parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease." Pharmacology & Therapeutics 32, no. 1 (January 1987): 19–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(87)90062-3.

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12

Ganesh, Mr Rode Karan, Miss Vaishnavi Jadhav, and Dr Gajanan Sanap. "Parkinson Disease." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.57956.

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Abstract: Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative condition that affects millions of people globally. Considerable advancements have been made in our knowledge of Parkinson's disease's pathophysiology, etiology and treatment over the last fifty years. This article reviews our current understanding of Parkinson disease, including its phenomenology, epidemiology, and treatments that are available.

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13

Oliveira, Romulo Varella de, and João Santos Pereira. "The role of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease and in the differential diagnosis with atypical parkinsonism." Radiologia Brasileira 50, no. 4 (August 2017): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2016-0073.

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Abstract Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Clinically, it is characterized by motor symptoms. Parkinson's disease should be differentiated from atypical parkinsonism conditions. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging is the primary imaging method employed in order to facilitate the differential diagnosis, and its role has grown after the development of advanced techniques such as diffusion-weighted imaging. The purpose of this article was to review the role of magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease and in the differential diagnosis with atypical parkinsonism, emphasizing the diffusion technique.

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14

Morimatsu, Mitsunori. "Diseases other than Parkinson's disease presenting with parkinsonism." Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics 41, no. 6 (2004): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.41.589.

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15

Błaszczyk, Janusz. "Motor deficiency in Parkinson's disease." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 58, no. 1 (March 31, 1998): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-1998-1262.

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The basal ganglia comprise a group of gray matter structures beneath the cerebral cortex, that surrounds the thalamus and hypothalamus. The basal ganglia play an important role in controlling movement. The motor circuits within the striato-pallidal complex are thought to facilitate desired movement and inhibit unwanted movement through their influence, via the thalamus, mainly on cortical precentral motor regions. Localized damage to parts of the basal ganglia occurs in certain diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism is a common neurological disorder that affects about one person in every 1,000 of the general population and about 2% in the elderly. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is based on the presence of two or more of the major symptoms: tremor, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia. The pathological process behind the motor disabilities of Parkinsonism is a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, that results in dopamine depletion in the striatum. Brain dopamine deficiency is sufficient to explain all of the major symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

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16

Buneeva, O. A., and A. E. Medvedev. "Mitochondrial disfunction in Parkinson's disease." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 57, no. 3 (2011): 246–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20115703246.

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Mitochondrial structural and functional abnormalities in Parkinson's disease and experimental animal models of this pathology are described. Special attention is paid to the inactivation of mitochondrial enzymes, mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, and genomic and proteomic research of mitochondrial proteins in Parkinson's disease and experimental parkinsonism of animals.

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17

Nizami Huseyn, Elcin. "PARKINSON'S DISEASE MEDICAL REHABILITATION METHODS." NATURE AND SCIENCE 09, no. 04 (June 21, 2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/09/9-13.

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Parkinson's disease ranks first among the neurodegenerative pathology. The approach to the treatment of Parkinson's disease must be comprehensive. Medical rehabilitation methods include not only basic drug therapy, surgical methods of treatment, but also methods of physiotherapy, reflexology, physiotherapy, speech therapy and psychotherapy. When prescribing physical factors in patients at different stages of the disease, it is possible to recommend those methods that will have a more pronounced effect on the clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. From physical factors, balneotherapy, thermal mud therapy, impulse currents, electrophoresis, electrostatic field, microwave therapy, phototherapy, barotherapy are prescribed. The use of transcerebral Electrotherapy methods and computer-stabilographic programs in complex treatment based on biofeedback by statokinesogram will reduce the severity of the main symptoms of the disease. Key words: medical rehabilitation, physiotherapy, Parkinson's disease

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18

Jain Manveer Singh, Utkarsh. "Detecting Parkinson's Disease Using XGBoost." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 4 (April 5, 2023): 1339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23417234157.

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19

Asif, Shakil, Rizwan Farooq, Unaiza Jawad, Muhammad Shoaib Irfan, Muazzam Fuaad, and Subhan Ullah. "Depression and Anxiety among Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact on Life Quality." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2022): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162843.

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Background and Aim: Parkinson’s disease's common symptoms are anxiety and depression and play a determinant role in the quality of a patient’s life. Numerous studies identified several risk factors but very few investigated the specific risk factors associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of the present study was to assess the depression and anxiety among Parkinson’s disease patients, prevalence, risk factors, and impact on life’s quality. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 78 Parkinson’s disease patients at the department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences LGH Lahore, Pakistan and Div HQ hospital, Mirpur AJK in collaboration with Neurology department for the duration from 15 May 2021 to 15 November 2021. All the patients were assessed for anxiety and depression. Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Holmes and Rahe scale were used for the evaluation of staging and severity among Parkinson’s disease patients. Clinically diagnosed Parkinson’s disease patients aged between 25 and 85 years and stages 1 to 4 on the H-Y scale were enrolled. Patients with movement disorders other than PD, atypical Parkinson's, deep brain stimulation (DBS), visual loss, and secondary Parkinsonism were excluded. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional ethical committee. Depression and anxiety impact on life quality were assessed using World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF. Results: Of the total 78 Parkinson’s disease patients, the prevalence of depression and anxiety was 26 (33.3%) and 32 (41.03%) respectively. About 40 were male and 38 were female patients. The overall mean age was 67±5.9 years. The young population was more susceptible to anxiety and depression was significantly higher in females. The depression and anxiety overlap were in 19 (24.4%) patients. The UPDRS and H-Y scale variance accounted for depression 34.5% and anxiety 38.9%. The severity and advanced disease stage were depression independent predictors whereas younger age and severity were anxiety main predictors. Overall, anxiety and depression had adverse impacts on life quality of Parkinson’s disease patients. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety were found in 33.3% and 41.03% of current Parkinson's disease patients, respectively. Depression and anxiety are relatively common in Parkinson's disease. The main risk factors for developing depression were female gender, low socioeconomic status, and a history of depression. Anxiety was associated with a young age and a history of anxiety. Both had a negative effect on one's quality of life. Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Risk factors, Prevalence

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20

GÜNGÖR, Gülen, Demet GÖĞÜŞ, Sıtkı GÖKSU, Nursan TAHTACI, and Ünsal ÖNER. "General Anesthesia in Parkinson's Disease." European Journal of Therapeutics 7, no. 1, 2 (January 1, 1996): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.58600/eurjther.1996-7-1-2-1461-arch.

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Parkinson's disease which is characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and loss of postural reflexes is one of the degenerative disorder of central nervous system. Two cases with Parkinson's disease were undergone for excision of vocal polip and suprapubic prostatectomy under general anesthesia. These two cases with Parkinson 's disease are studied in this article.

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21

Abbas, Shahbaz, Arooj Munawar, Syed abdul wasay Tanweer, and Morad Yaser Al Mostafa. "Prevalence of Balance Impairments in Individuals with Parkinson Disease." Pakistan Journal of Physical Therapy (PJPT) 4, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52229/pjpt.v4i1.867.

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Abstract:Postural or balance impairments is most common feature of advanced Parkinson's disease leading to falls. Balance disorder is predisposing symptom in Parkinson disease, difficult to cure and at high risk of falls. Objective: To find out the Prevalence of balance impairments in individual with Parkinson's disease This was the cross-sectional study. Data was collected by 23 Parkinson's patients in General Hospital of Lahore. Convenient sampling technique was used in this study. Berg Balance scale was used as data collection instrument. Data was analyzed by SPSS. Results: The result shows that out of 23 sample size (18 male and 5 female), there is 15(65.2%) of Parkinson patients had minimal level of balance impairments, 6(26.1%) had moderate balance impairments and only 2(8.7%) of Parkinson patients complained about severe balance impairments on Berg Balance Scale.Conclusions: The result shows that there is mild to moderate prevalence of balance impairments in individual with Parkinson's disease. Balance dysfunction or impairments in Parkinson patients due to abnormal gait pattern, poor postural control,muscles rigidity, tremors and lose of body movements. Balance impairments not depend on age and gender of Parkinson patients. Balance impairments, Berg balance scale, Parkinson's disease

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22

Basharat, Aasma, Amnah Anum, Iram Rashid, Kiran Naz, Zainab Waqar, and Zainab Waqar. "Effect of exer gaming on rehabilitation of patient with Parkinson’s disease." International journal of health sciences 7, S1 (June 9, 2023): 1280–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14343.

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Parkinson's disease affects the nervous system. It is described as a chronic, progressive condition brought on by a decrease in the number of dopamine neural receptors. Parkinson's disease incidence primarily rises with age, peaking between the ages of 70 and 79, but it stabilises in people in their 80s. Virtual Reality is given to Patients with Parkinson’s disease to help alleviate their overall symptoms of illness and improve their quality of life. From the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century, virtual reality undergoes a four-decade transformation from sensoroma to augmented reality. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of Virtual reality in the rehabilitation of Parkinson’s disease. The study design is Quasi-experimental. Diagnosed patients of Parkinson’s disease (n=30) up to stage 4 of the Hoehn and Yahr scale were selected by purposive sampling techniques. Then these 30 selected were given to play a game of virtual reality that is Microsoft Kinect for 6 weeks, 4 days a week in Railway General Hospital. Baseline measurement tools were the Modified Unified Parkinson Disease rating scale, Modified Hoehn and Yahr rating scale and Schwab and England activities of daily life.

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23

Mishra, Bal Gopal, Animesh Sarangi, and Satyabhama Dash. "Forecasting gait freezing event in Parkinson's patients utilizing machine learning approach from accelerometer signals." YMER Digital 21, no. 08 (August 11, 2022): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.08/37.

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Neurological illnesses are one of the most common medical conditions affecting human races and societies worldwide. Parkinson's disease is a neurological ailment caused by absence of dopamine in the human brain and has an impact on the afflicted person's daily routine. Gait freezing event is the most concerning symptom of Parkinson's disease, and it affects around half of people with severe Parkinson's. Machine learning methods are used in this study to detect and forecast gait freezing events. Two hundred thirty seven gait freezing instances from eight patients were collected from tri-axial accelerometer data set and used to train four machine learning classification models. After comparing different performance measures of the four classification models it was found that the Random forest classification model was the most suitable one for predicting gait freezing events in Parkinson disease as it had the best accuracy, sensitivity ,selectivity and least error among the four models. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease , Gait freezing , machine learning , tri-axial accelerometer , Random forest classification model.

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24

Jannetta, Peter J., Donald M. Whiting, Lynn H. Fletcher, Joseph K. Hobbs, Jon Brillman, Matthew Quigley, Melanie Fukui, and Robert Williams. "Parkinson’s disease: an inquiry into the etiology and treatment." Neurology International 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ni.2011.e7.

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Parkinson’s disease affects over one million people in the United States. Although there have been remarkable advances in uncovering the pathogenesis of this disabling disorder, the etiology is speculative. Medical treatment and operative procedures provide symptomatic relief only. Compression of the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain by the posterior cerebral artery in a patient with Parkinson’s Disease (Parkinson’s Disease) was noted on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and at operation in a patient with trigeminal neuralgia. Following the vascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve, the midbrain was decompressed by mobilizing and repositioning the posterior cerebral artery The patient's Parkinson's signs disappeared over a 48-hour period. They returned 18 months later with contralateral peduncle compression. A blinded evaluation of MRI scans of Parkinson's patients and controls was performed. MRI scans in 20 Parkinson's patients and 20 age and sex matched controls were evaluated in blinded fashion looking for the presence and degree of arterial compression of the cerebral peduncle. The MRI study showed that 73.7 percent of Parkinson's Disease patients had visible arterial compression of the cerebral peduncle. This was seen in only 10 percent of control patients (two patients, one of whom subsequently developed Parkinson’s Disease); thus 5 percent. Vascular compression of the cerebral peduncle by the posterior cerebral artery may be associated with Parkinson’s Disease in some patients. Microvascular decompression of that artery away from the peduncle may be considered for treatment of Parkinson’s Disease in some patients.

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25

Camicioli, R. "Identification of parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease." Drugs of Today 38, no. 10 (2002): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dot.2002.38.10.740195.

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26

Olanow, C. W. "Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism and Parkinson's Disease." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1012, no. 1 (March 2004): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1306.018.

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27

Hardy, John, Huaiban Cai, Mark R. Cookson, Katrina Gwinn-Hardy, and Andrew Singleton. "Genetics of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism." Annals of Neurology 60, no. 4 (October 26, 2006): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.21022.

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28

Sadykova, G. K., R. A. Postanogov, V. P. Kutsenko, S. V. Menshikova, N. V. Belokhov, M. R. Gafiatulin, and I. S. Khodkevich. "TOWARDS A RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE." Bulletin of the Medical Institute of Continuing Education 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36107/2782-1714_2023-3-4-80-86.

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Neurodegenerative diseases represent a wide range of diseases, different in nature, caused by disorganization of individual groups of nerve cells and manifested by motor and cognitive disorders. Ones of the most common diseases in this group are diseases with parkinsonian syndrome, primarily Parkinson's disease (primary parkinsonism). This disease, affecting representatives of the older age group, is characterized by a steadily progressing neurological defecit, and as a consequence, a dramatic decrease in the quality and expectancy of life. In this regard, a radiologist must be able to recognize changes in brain structures characteristic of the neurodegenerative process, thereby facilitating the correct diagnosis and, as a result, the timely initiation of therapy. The article provides a brief historical background, describes the main aspects of the etiopathogenesis and pathomorphology of Parkinson's disease, provides a literary review of generally recognized visualization patterns of the disease in accordance with modern concepts, and also discusses the issues of differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease with the most common Parkinsonismplus syndromes.

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29

Engmann, Birk. "Bipolar Affective Disorder and Parkinson's Disease." Case Reports in Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/154165.

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Little is known about comorbidities of bipolar disorder such as Parkinson's disease. A case history and a literature survey indicate that bipolar disorder is linked with or influences Parkinson's disease and vice versa. Underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, and, more importantly, no treatment options are established in such double diagnoses. The few data in comorbid Parkinson cases seem to point to a rapid cycling pattern of bipolar symptoms. With regard to therapeutic intervention, the literature supports pramipexole for treatment of both Parkinson and depressive symptoms in bipolar depression. Lithium, the mood stabilizer of choice for treating manic states, is problematical for use in Parkinson patients because of its side effects. Valproate might be an alternative, especially for treatment of rapid cycling.

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30

Budrys, Valmantas. "Parkinson's Disease before Parkinson, Vilnius 1814." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 98, no. 4 (April 2005): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107680509800414.

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31

Budrys, V. "Parkinson's disease before Parkinson, Vilnius 1814." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 98, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.98.4.178.

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32

Huttunen, Henri. "Progress in development of disease-modifying treatments in Parkinson's Disease." Open Access Government 39, no. 1 (July 7, 2023): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-039-10888.

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Progress in development of disease-modifying treatments in Parkinson's Disease Henri Huttunen, Chief Scientific Officer, Herantis Pharma Plc, charts progress in the development of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson’s disease. Recent FDA approvals of two potentially disease-modifying Alzheimer’s disease drugs give hope that similar successes in Parkinson’s disease may be around the corner. However, despite the recent advances in understanding complex disease biology and the development of novel drug targets and biomarkers, progress in the clinical development of new treatments remains slow.

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33

Piro, Anna, Antonio Tagarelli, Giuseppe Nicoletti, Angela Lupo, Robert Fletcher, and Aldo Quattrone. "Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism, de novo Parkinson's disease, Essential Tremor: a color vision preliminary analysis." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 22 (January 2016): e42-e43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.10.070.

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34

Helme, Robert. "Parkinson's disease: Recent developments in Parkinson's disease." Medical Journal of Australia 147, no. 6 (September 1987): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133481.x.

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35

Sathish Kumar, Jayaprakash. "In Silico Studies Comparing the Adjuvant Therapies Approved for Parkinson’s disease." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 3-S (June 15, 2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i3-s.4813.

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One of the most common neurodegenerative disorders is Parkinson's disease. The occurrence of Parkinson's disease includes loss of dopaminergic function and loss of motor function. It is characterized by non- motor as well as motor features. The medicine sector has been primarily focusing on developing adjunctive therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in order to improve the efficacy of the drugs and to improve the quality of treatment. This study aims in silico screening of the drugs available for adjunctive therapy of Parkinson’s disease. The pharmacokinetic parameters, potential adverse effects, toxicity studies, biological activity and the structure activity relationships of the drugs were analyzed and summarized. The drugs chosen as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease have reported high chances of adverse drug events and require precautions before administration. Although, they are therapeutically effective it is necessary to investigate other available therapies and then conclude their efficacy. Keywords: Adjunct therapy, in silico, Parkinson’s disease, pharmacokinetic study, toxicity profile.

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36

Arinafril, Nabila Khairunisah. "Parkinson’s Disease and Depression: An Update Clinical Perspective." Scientia Psychiatrica 4, no. 3 (August 27, 2021): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/scipsy.v4i3.51.

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Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and its prevalence continues to rise. The correlation between depression and the quality of life of Parkinson's patients has been proven by several studies that depression can affect up to 40-50% of the aspects assessed in the Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39) questionnaire and also significantly affects the decline in quality of life of Parkinson's patients. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach, apart from medication and therapy in the management of this disease, is very important to improve the overall outcome and quality of life related to Parkinson patients’ health.

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37

Yusupov, F., A. Yuldashev, and T. Nurmatov. "Biomarkers of Early Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease." Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2024): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/104/33.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that neurodegenerative diseases will be the biggest health problem in the future. Among neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease is the second most common after Alzheimer’s disease. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common pathology of a person with movement disorders. Among neurological diseases, it has a high social significance due to the negative effect on the quality of life (early loss of the ability to work, progressive disorders of motor and cognitive skills). With increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease increases. Biological markers of early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease are being actively studied. The review presents the most clinically significant biological markers for the preclinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. Biomarkers of cerebrospinal fluid, serum biomarkers and biomarkers of other biological fluids in Parkinson's disease are discussed.

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Muthukumaran, Mahiyah, Brandon Rhodes, Thomas Winston, Joshua Yoo, Jagadeepram Maddipatla, Abhishek Krishnan, and Parth Jaiswal. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACCURATE AND EFFECTIVE CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK TO DIAGNOSE PARKINSON’S DISEASE." International Journal of Social Science & Economic Research 08, no. 03 (2023): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i03.011.

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In 2022, a Parkinson’s Foundation-based study reported that about 90,000 people are diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease in the US each year (Parkinson's Foundation, 2018). Around 7 to 10 million individuals worldwide are currently living with Parkinson’s, making it the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world (Parkinson's News Today, 2023). Parkinson’s disease predominantly affects the neurons that produce dopamines in two areas of thebrain called the basal ganglia and the substantia nigra (Mayfield Clinic, 2018). However, there is no cure for this chronic disease nor is it easy to diagnose, especially in its early stages (Parkinson's Foundation, 2018). Because symptoms often appear only 1-2 years after the disease, people are often left undiagnosed during this period (Mayo Clinic, 2015). With this being said, reliable methods of diagnosis are vital to individuals with Parkinson’s. As a solution, a convolutional neural network algorithm was developed to accurately and effectively diagnose Parkinson’s in patients using audio and biometric data. The capabilities of the convolutional neural network algorithm allowed for 2 results: either the patient has Parkinson’s or the patient doesn’t have Parkinson’s. Our algorithm showed an accuracy of 0.7528.

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Vrecko, Karoline, Petra Schwingenschuh, Alexander Holl, Ronald Saurugg, Karoline Wenzel, Petra Katschnig, Erwin Tafeit, and Erwin Ott. "Immunological Markers in Plasma and CSF distinguish Vascular Parkinsonism from Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease." Pteridines 19, no. 1 (February 2008): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.2008.19.1.7.

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Abstract Activation of the cellular immune system is discussed to be partly responsible in the neurodegenerative process of Parkinson's disease. We determined concentrations of neopterin, of cytokine interleukin-6, and of soluble cytokine receptors sIL-2Rα, sTNF-R75α in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in controls and patients with vascular parkinsonism and idiopathic Parkinson's disease diagnosed according to published clinical diagnostic criteria, to examine if the cellular immune system is activated locally or peripherally or both. Our results show no activation in idiopathic Parkinson's disease and controls, but a significant increased activation in vascular parkinsonism, where concomitant signs of cerebrovascular disease are present.

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Leite, F., H. Salgado, O. Campos, P. Carvalho, M. Pinto da Costa, P. Queirós, and C. Cochat. "Clinical aspects of depression in Parkinson's disease." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1365.

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IntroductionParkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder in the elderly population. The disease is clinically characterized by major motor symptoms that include bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and postural instability. In addition to the motor symptoms, Parkinson‘s disease is characterized by emotional and cognitive deficits, which reduce quality of life independently from motor manifestations.Objectives/AimsTo discuss the clinical manifestations of depression in Parkinson's disease according to the most recent scientific literature.MethodsOnline search/review of the literature has been carried out, using Medline/Pubmed, concerning, “Parkinson's disease” and “depression”.ResultsDepression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder in Parkinson's disease. In up to 30% of the cases, the depressive symptoms precede the development of motor symptoms. Independently of the age of appearance, duration and severity of the motor symptoms, depression is generally an integral part of the disease. Depression in Parkinson's disease is generally mild or moderate, with premature loss of self-esteem and volition. Although the high rates of suicidal ideation, suicide is rare. There is also a high prevalence of panic attacks and anxiety.ConclusionsIt is difficult to correctly identify depression in Parkinson's disease as some symptoms assigned to Parkinson's disease itself can in fact be the clinical manifestation of a depressive disorder. On the other hand, depressive symptoms may not be recognized as such, but considered manifestations of Parkinson's disease.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Wikandikta, I. Putu Gede, Dewa Putu Gde Purwa Samatra, and Anak Agung Ayu Meidiary. "Prevalensi gangguan tidur pada penderita parkinson di Poli Saraf RSUD Wangaya Denpasar tahun 2017." Intisari Sains Medis 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/ism.v11i3.232.

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Background: Parkinson's disease is one of the major causes of disability in the field of neurology and also the disease is chronic progressive. This disease is caused by the lack of dopamine levels in the body, especially the brain. Parkinson's disease affects a small part of the midbrain called susbstantia nigra. Parkinson's disease usually begins between the ages of 50 and 65, affecting about 1% of the entire population. Total cases of deaths from Parkinson's disease in Indonesia are ranked 12th in the world or 5th in Asia, with a prevalence of 1100 deaths in 2002.Aim: This research aimed to know the prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson Disease in Neurology Poly of RSUD Wangaya Denpasar.Method: This research was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects was 61 patients diagnosed with Parkinson Disease and did the treatment in Neurology Poly of RSUD Wangaya Denpasar from January 1, 2017, until December 31, 2017. This research is using primary data from the interview.Results and Conclusion: Patients suffered Parkinson’s disease was 45.9% in 61 - 70 age group; 60.7% men; educational background of subjects was 62.3% senior high school; 36.1% private employee; 85.2% subjects had sleep disorders; 54.1% subjects had insomnia; ; 72.1% subjects didn’t have RLS; 82% subjects didn’t have EDS; 91.8% subjects didn’t have Nocturia. Latar Belakang: Penyakit Parkinson adalah salah satu penyebab utama disabilitas di bidang neurologi dan juga penyakit ini bersifat kronik progresif. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya kadar dopamine dalam tubuh khususnya otak. Penyakit Parkinson memengaruhi bagian kecil dari otak tengah yang bernama susbstantia nigra. Penyakit Parkinson biasanya dimulai antara usia 50 dan 65, menyerang sekitar 1 % dari seluruh populasi. Total kasus kematian akibat penyakit Parkinson di Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-12 di dunia atau peringkat ke-5 di Asia, dengan prevalensi mencapai 1100 kematian pada tahun 2002.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi munculnya gangguan tidur pada penderita Parkinson di Poli Saraf Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Wangaya Denpasar tahun 2017.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah 61 pasien yang terdiagnosis menderita Parkinson dan melakukan pengobatan di Poli Saraf RSUD Wangaya Denpasar pada rentang waktu 1 Januari 2017 s.d. 31 Desember 2017. Data penelitian adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara.Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Pasien Parkinson terbanyak yaitu 45,9% berusia 61-70 tahun; 60,7% berjenis kelamin laki-laki; 62,3% memiliki tingkat pendidikan SMA; 36,1% pegawai swasta; 85,2% mengalami gangguan tidur; 54,1% mengalami insomnia; 72,1% tidak mengalami RLS; 82% tidak mengalami EDS; 91,8% tidak mengalami nokturia.

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Venturino, Nicole, Kasey Stepansky, Casey Rodak, and Samuel Cramer. "Amplitude training in occupational therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: a feasibility study." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 30, no. 10 (November 2, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2022.0126.

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Background/Aims Parkinson Wellness Recovery Moves is a functional, large-amplitude exercise programme aimed at reducing the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. To date, evidence supports the use of amplitude training to reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's disease; however, evidence is lacking in the feasibility of using Parkinson Wellness Recovery Moves as an adjunct to occupational therapy within inpatient rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing the Parkinson Wellness Recovery Moves intervention into the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease, within an inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Methods A total of five adults with Parkinson's disease participated in this 11-week quasi-experimental feasibility trial. The use of Parkinson Wellness Recovery Moves was standardised, requiring each participant to engage in at least two occupational therapy sessions that included Parkinson Wellness Recovery Moves. Outcomes collected included fidelity of intervention implementation, and participant-centred outcomes of quality of life satisfaction and function via the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 and Section GG respectively. Results Each participant had a positive change in Section GG scores and completed between eight and 13 occupational therapy sessions that included Parkinson Wellness Recovery Moves. Four out of five participants reported higher quality of life at the time of discharge. Conclusions The use of Parkinson Wellness Recovery Moves was found to be feasible to implement within an inpatient rehabilitation hospital, with increased functional performance and improved quality of life.

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Leentjens, A. F. G., and W. W. Van Den Broek. "Parkinson's disease and depression." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 5, no. 4 (December 1993): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800033834.

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SummaryIn this review article, based on a literature study, present ideas upon the relation between M. Parkinson and concomittant depression are dicussed. After a short introduction, it is demonstrated that epidemiological studies show that a common pathophysiological basis can be assumed. Briefly pheno-menological aspects are mentioned, whereafter the changes in the different neurotransmittersystems are discussed in greater detail. The ratio of dopaminergic and serotonergic activities in the basal ganglia constitute an important determinant for the severity of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Reduced serotonergic metabolism may be a compensatory mechanism for the reduced dopaminergic activity. At the same time, a reduced serotonergic activity can predispose to a depression. Lower activities in parts of the dopaminergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic systems may each be responsible for part of the affective symptomatology in depressed Parkinson patients.

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Horstink, D. M. W. I. M. "PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND PARKINSONISM IN THE ELDERLY." Brain 123, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 2569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/123.12.2569.

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BLUNT, S. "Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism in the Elderly." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 70, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 421i—421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.70.3.421i.

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Hobson, Doug Everett. "Clinical Manifestations of Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 30, S1 (February 2003): S2—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100003188.

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The most common disorder in a patient presenting to a movement disorder clinic will be parkinsonism. The challenge is to provide the patient with the most accurate diagnosis and prognosis possible. The assumption at the time of initial presentation of the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is often wrong (20-25%). Waiting to see the pattern of progression, and response to medication provides invaluable additional information. This manuscript summarizes the clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease and the main akinetic-rigid syndromes (progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, cortical-basal ganglionic degeneration, and dementia with Lewy bodies) that make up the differential diagnosis.

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Elbaz, Alexis, James H. Bower, Demetrius M. Maraganore, Shannon K. McDonnell, Brett J. Peterson, J. Eric Ahlskog, Daniel J. Schaid, and Walter A. Rocca. "Risk tables for parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 55, no. 1 (January 2002): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00425-5.

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McMahon, D. G. "Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism in the Elderly." Age and Ageing 30, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 180—a—181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/30.2.180-a.

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Evans, John Grimley. "Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in the elderly." Family Practice 18, no. 1 (January 2001): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/18.1.113.

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Burke, J. R. "Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism in the Elderly." Archives of Neurology 58, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.58.8.1308.

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