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Majeed, Tayyaba, Rabia Adnan, Irum Mubshar, Hamis Mahmood, Kanwal Saba, Sardar Fakhar Imam, Muhammad Al-Fareed Zafar, and Mulazim Hussain Bukhari. "GESTATIONAL DIABETES." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 10 (October 10, 2015): 1298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.10.983.
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Objectives: To compare the efficacy of Metformin with insulin in gestationaldiabetes mellitus in terms of fetomaternal outcome. Study Deign: Randomized clinicaltrial study. Setting: Lady Aitchison Hospital Lahore. Period: January 2014 to March 2015.Methodology: Total 500 pregnant females with GDM were included in the study through nonprobability,consecutive sampling. Patients were divided into 2 equal groups (A: B). Patientsin group A were given tablet metformin 500 mg by oral route and group B was administratedregular injection Insulin by subcutaneous route. Results: The mean age of females was32.14±6.13 years. The mean gestational age was 31.07±3.8 weeks. There were 78 (15.6%)females who had 0 parity, 107 (21.4%) females had parity 1, 175 (35%) females had parity2, 95 (19%) females had parity 3, 33 (6.6%) females had parity 4 and 12 (2.4%) femaleshad parity 5.There were 54 (10.8%) cases had PTB, out of which 12 (4.8%) had PTB withmetformin while 42 (16.8%) had PTB with insulin. There were 115 (23%) neonates requiredNICU admission, out of which 37 (14.8%) neonates with metforminand78 (31.2%) neonateswith insulin. There were 87 (17%) neonates who had neonatal hypoglycemia, out of which23 (9.2%) neonates with metformin and64 (25.6%) neonates with insulin. The difference wassignificant between both groups for all fetal outcomes (P<0.05). Conclusion: The metforminis more effective in preventing adverse fetal and maternal outcome as compared to insulin.
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Anggraeni, Asih, Vitri Wulansari, and Darto Darto. "Dominant factors affecting uterine prolapse in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, in 2013-2015." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 25, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v25i32017.77-80.
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Objectives: To determine the dominant factors that affected uterine prolapse at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to 259 cases of uterine prolapse at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, in the periods of January - December in the years 2013-2015. This was a correlational quantitative analytic study using chi-square test and regression analysis.Results: Factors affecting uterine prolapse were parity (p=0.024), age (p=0.036) and occupation (p=0.039). Parity had the highest regression analysis result of 0.145 with probability of uterine prolapse in those with parity >2 in this study was 2.753 times higher than in those with parity ≤2.Conclusion: Factors that had been proved to have significant effect on uterine prolapse were age, occupation, and parity. Parity was the predominant factor in affecting uterine prolapse in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta.
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Rahayu, Eka Nur, Marinda Anggasari, and Siti Abdillah. "Pengetahuan Akseptor tentang Kontrasepsi IUD." Jurnal Ilmu Kebidanan (Journal of Midwivery Science) 8, no. 3 (February 18, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36307/jik.v8i3.98.
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Background: Family Planning (KB) is a program in Indonesia that aims to reduce birth rates inIndonesia. The choice of contraceptive behavior can be influenced by several factors includingeducation, parity, knowledge and environment. Research Objectives to determine the relationshipof education and parity with knowledge of IUD family planning in family planning acceptors.Methods: This study used an analytical survey method and a cross sectional approach wasconducted in January-March in the hamlet of Dronco, Girirejo, Imogiri, Bantul. The number ofsamples is 164 people, accidental sampling techniques. The research instruments used in thisstudy were questionnaires and data analysis using Kendall's know. Results: the results of the study found that the highest education acceptors were secondaryeducation with a percentage of 51.2%. The parity of acceptors namely acceptors has 2 childrenwith a percentage of 45.7%. The most used contraception is injection with a percentage of 57.9%.There is a relationship between education and parity with knowledge of IUD contraception in family planning acceptors in Dronco hamlet.Keywords: Education, Parity, IUD contraceptive knowledge
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Vagnoni, David B., Michayla Davidson, Livia Rubio, Garrett R. Oetzel, and Emmanuelle Comets. "Effects of Postpartum Supplemental Oral Ca for Dairy Cows Fed Prepartum Dietary Acidogenic Salts." Animals 11, no. 11 (November 2, 2021): 3131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113131.
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Postpartum hypocalcemia is a problem in dairy cows. Both the Jersey vs. Holstein breed and increasing parity are known risk factors. Our objectives were: (1) to evaluate a simple approach to provide dietary acidogenic salts suitable for application on small dairies and (2) to evaluate the combined effects of degree of acidification and oral Ca supplementation along with breed and parity group on periparturient Ca status of Holstein and Jersey cows. Cows were moved weekly from the far-off dry pen at 260 days pregnant to the close-up pen, where all cows received the acidogenic diets. The diet was offered as a total mixed ration and CaCl2, and our source of acidogenic salts was top-dressed in liquid form and mixed in by hand. Thirty-six cows were blocked by parity group (parity = 2 vs. parity ≥ 3) and breed (Holstein vs. Jersey) and assigned to one of two treatments (no intervention or postpartum oral Ca bolus supplementation) in an alternating fashion, based on expected date of parturition. Urinary acidification appeared complete within 3–4 days. Increased urinary Ca excretion was >93% of maximum from 7–21 days before falling to <5% of maximum by 28 days. Serum Ca concentrations 12–24 h postpartum were lower for Jerseys vs. Holsteins and for parity ≥ 3 vs. parity = 2 cows. Serum Ca over 6–48 h postpartum decreased and increased, respectively, with oral Ca supplementation for parity = 2 and parity ≥ 3 cows. Decreased prepartum urinary Ca excretion and increased colostrum yield appear to be independent risk factors of hypocalcemia for parity ≥ 3 Jerseys.
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Шабанов, Тимофей. "Ценовой паритет калорийности." ИЗВЕСТИЯ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ, no. 4 (2020): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/2311-2271/2020-4/149-155.
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В чрезвычайной ситуации государственной самоизоляции актуализируется вопросы продовольственной безопасности ценового паритета калорийности продуктов питания. В исследовании рассмотрена и подтверждена гипотеза о существовании взаимосвязи цены с калорийностью продовольствия как ценового паритета. На основе методов эконометрики и энергетического подхода, данных Росстат за 1998-2017 гг. определены цены и калорийности по видам продовольствия. Выявлен линейный характер годового прироста цены калории при стабильном ценовом паритете. Установлены среднегодовые темпы прироста цены потреблённого продовольствия 1,77 руб./Мкал к произведённому 0,38 руб./Мкал (отношение 4,66:1), средняя цена импортной калории 1,24 USD/Мкал, экспортной 0,16 USD/Мкал (отношение 7,75:1). Импортозамещение как основное направление улучшения ценового паритета обеспечит продовольственную безопасность в чрезвычайной ситуации. In the emergency situation of the state self-isolation food security issues – caloric food price parity - are brought up to date. The level of food prices can be a kind of the regulator for planning, organizing and managing the optimal calorie intake by the population. The paper suggests the existence of a function between price and calorie content (number of calories); and the hypothesis on availability of the caloric food price parity was considered and tested. To study the hypothesis, the following objectives were developed and consistently solved: determining the prices and parity of calories produced and consumed; determination of prices and parities of exported and imported calories. Based on the econometric methods and energy approach, as well as on the Rosstat data for the period of 1990-2017 and the Russian Customs data on food product balances and its prices, the wellknown calorie standards for food products, the hypothesis of the investigation was confirmed. The linear nature of the annual increase in the price of calories at the stable price parity was defined. It was found that the average annual growth rate of the consumed food price was 1.77 rubles/Mcal to the produced 0.38 rubles/Mcal (ratio 4.66: 1), the average price of the imported calories was 1.24 USD / Mcal and that of the exported calories was 0.16 USD / Mcal ( ratio 7.75: 1). Import substitution as the main trend for improving the price parity will ensure food security in an emergency situation.
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Kirkbride, J. B., and P. B. Jones. "Parity of esteem begins at home: translating empirical psychiatric research into effective public mental health." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 8 (August 9, 2013): 1569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713001992.
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There is increasing recognition that parity of esteem between mental and physical health disorders is essential to improve the course, outcome and quality of life of individuals within different populations. Achieving this parity now underpins the objectives of several nations. Here, we argue that parity of esteem between mental and physical health can only be realized when parity of esteem also exists across mental health disorders, particularly in terms of service commissioning and planning. Using first-episode psychosis and early intervention in psychosis services as a motivating example, we demonstrate how carefully conducted psychiatric epidemiology can be translated to develop precise forecasts of the anticipated incidence of first-episode psychosis in different populations, based on an understanding of underlying local needs and inequalities. Open-access prediction tools such as PsyMaptic will allow commissioners of mental health services to more effectively allocate resources across services, based on empirical evidence and local need, thus reducing inequalities in access to mental health care.
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Taufiqoh, Syuhrotut, Purnomo Suryantoro, and Herlin Fitriana Kurniawati. "Maternal parity and exclusive breastfeeding history are significantly associated with stunting in children aged 12-59 months." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 25, no. 2 (March 31, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v25i22017.66-70.
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Objectives: To determine the relationship between maternal parity and exclusive breastfeeding history with stunting among children aged 12-59 months.Materials and Methods: Observational method with case control approach. Sampling method used purposive sampling was conducted in 118 children. Data were collected by observation and interview using questionnaire. Chi square test used to bivariate analysis and logistic regression used to multivariate analysis with 5% significance limit and 95% confidence level.Results: Multivariate analysis results that maternal parity and exclusive breastfeeding history was significantly associated with stunting (OR 3,419 (CI 95%: 1.433-8.156); OR 3,706 (CI 95%:1.430-9.605). External variable significantly associated with stunting is maternal occupation OR 2,972 (CI 95%: 1.285-6.874).Conclusion: Maternal parity and exclusive breastfeeding history are significantly associated with stunting in children aged 12-59 months.
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Brodowski, Lars, Niels Rochow, Efrah I. Yousuf, Fabian Kohls, Constantin S. von Kaisenberg, Silvia Berlage, and Manfred Voigt. "The impact of parity and maternal obesity on the fetal outcomes of a non-selected Lower Saxony population." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 50, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2020-0614.
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Abstract Objectives Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with adverse intrauterine events and fetal outcomes and may increase the risk of obesity and metabolic disease development in offspring. Higher parity, regardless of socioeconomic status, is associated with increased maternal body mass index (BMI). In this study, we examined the relationship between parity, maternal obesity, and fetal outcomes in a large sample of mother-neonate pairs from Lower Saxony, Germany. Methods This retrospective cohort study examined pseudonymized data of a non-selected singleton cohort from Lower Saxony’s statewide quality assurance initiative. 448,963 cases were included. Newborn outcomes were assessed in relation to maternal BMI and parity. Results Maternal obesity was associated with an increased risk of placental insufficiency, chorioamnionitis, and fetal distress while giving birth. This effect was present across all parity groups. Fetal presentation did not differ between BMI groups, except for the increased risk of high longitudinal position and shoulder dystocia in obese women. Maternal obesity was also associated with an increased risk of premature birth, low arterial cord blood pH and low 5-min APGAR scores. Conclusions Maternal obesity increases the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. There is a positive correlation between parity and increased maternal BMI. Weight-dependent fetal risk factors increase with parity, while parity-dependent outcomes occur less frequently in multipara. Prevention and intervention programs for women planning to become pregnant can be promising measures to reduce pregnancy and birth complications.
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Alzboon, Ghadeer, and Gülşen Vural. "The Experience of Healthy Pregnancy in High Parity Women: A Phenomenological Study in North Jordan." Medicina 57, no. 8 (August 22, 2021): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080853.
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Background and Objectives: High parity women are more likely to have poor quality of life during pregnancy than low parity women. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of healthy pregnancy among high parity women in North Jordan. Materials and Methods: A descriptive phenomenological design was employed in this study to complement previously published quantitative results. Fourteen pregnant women, who had four children or more, were recruited purposely according to inclusion criteria from Irbid city in North Jordan. Data were collected using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi’s method was employed to analyze the verbatim data. Results: There were three main themes which emerged from participants significant statements: they had new discomforts, antenatal care and follow-up, and social issues. Each extracted theme was linked to some factors (subthemes), which had a positive or negative impact on the quality of life of high parity women during pregnancy. High parity women who experienced multiple stressors had a poor quality of life. Conclusions: Experiencing new discomforts, less or no antenatal care, and a lack of social support negatively affected the quality of life among high parity women. Antenatal interventions should be designed based on high parity women’s perceptions of their health and wellbeing in order to improve their quality of life and ultimately prevent maternal morbidity and mortality. Further quantitative studies are needed to explore the impact of previous mentioned factors on maternal quality of life and outcomes.
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Ashar, Hadi, Ina Kusrini, Arif Musoddaq, and Ika Puspita Asturiningtyas. "First sexual intercourse and high parity are the most influential factors of precancerous cervical lesion." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 28, no. 3 (December 7, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v28i32020.113-118.
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Objectives: to analyze the relationship between characteristics, parity and maternal reproductive history with the risk of cervical pre-cancerous lesions.Materials and Methods: Cross Sectional Survey, in 2016 Non-Communicable Disease study, with a population of women aged 25-64 years, living in urban areas. A total of 1,547 samples were selected from the census blocks that were prepared to IVA examination. The variables in this article are maternal characteristics, menarche, age of first sexual intercourse, number of partners, parity and contraceptive use, as independent variables and cervical pre-cancerous lesions as dependent variables.Results: Factors influencing cervical pre-cancerous lesions were: Menarche with a value of P = 0.018; Age of first sexual intercourse with a value of P = 0,000; Number of sexual partners with a value of P = 0.023; and parity with a value of P = 0.049. Multivariate test results show that the age of first time having sex less than 20 years has a 2.3 risk; Mothers with high parity (> 4 children) and having more than one sexual partner have a 16.5 risk.Conclusion: Menarche, age of first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners and parity affect the incidence of cervical cancerous lesions. The most influential Factors are: the age of first sexual intercourse less than 20 years, and mothers with high parity who have more than one sexual partner.
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Shah, Tazeen, Jamshed Warsi, and Zulfiqar Laghari. "Anemia and its association with parity." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 05 (May 10, 2020): 968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.05.3959.
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Objectives: To evaluate that multigravidity is a strong risk factor for anemia. Study Design: Cross sectional and/or case control study. Setting: Department of Physiology University of Sindh Jamshoro, and Civil Hospital. Period: January 2019 to June 2019. Material & Methods: On 600 pregnant females selected by convenient random sampling, aged between 18 to 40 years. Complete blood count (CBC) of all participants was performed by using CBC hematology analyzer Celltac Alpha MEK-6500 by Nihon Kohden Germany. Results: Out of 600 pregnant female population 294(49%) were non. anemic, 309(51.5%) were anemic out of which 78(13%) are mild anemic, with Hb(10-10.9mg/dl),144(24%) moderately anemic with Hb (7-10.9 mg/dl) and 87(14.5%) are severely anemic with a Hb<7 mg/dl. Moderately anemic pregnant women were in abundance in primigravida population. The hemoglobin of primiparous pregnant females was (11.45±1.45) and of multiparous was (8.93±1.66) which is highly significant (P= 0.001), Hematocrit of primigravida (30.92±4.2) significantly (P= 0.001) higher, whereas in multigravida it was reported as (24.2±8.66) The MCV in primigravida was (80.24±6.45) significantly (P= 0.001) greater than that of multigravida (72.5±10.5). MCH in primigravida (25.9±2.56) and in multiparous (23.75±2.7) which is also significant with (P= 0.003) MCHC in primiparous (30.58±2.19) and in multiparous (31.34±2.5) with (P= 0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that high parity is risk for developing iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy, the incidence of anemia increases with the number of pregnancies.
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Alzboon, Ghadeer, and Gülşen Vural. "Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of Healthy Pregnant Women in North Jordan." Medicina 55, no. 6 (June 15, 2019): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55060278.
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Background and Objectives: Quality of life (QOL) assessment during pregnancy contributes to determining women’s unmet needs and preventing negative health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to identify the effects of participants’ characteristics, perceived stress, and perceived social support on their QOL. We also aimed to determine the differences in QOL according to these factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a city in Jordan. Purposive sampling was used to select 218 participants. Data was collected by the quality of life Short Form- 36(SF-36) survey, perceived stress scale (PSS), and The Multidimensional perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS). Results: We found that only parity had a significant effect on the QOL. High-parity women had lower QOL scores than low-parity women. The participants reported high social support, specifically from their families and significant others. The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey was a reliable tool for measuring the QOL in pregnancy. Conclusions: Parity factor and social support should be recognized in any health promotion intervention and during providing antenatal care. Further research is needed toassess the QOL during pregnancy.
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Martinelli, Katrini Guidolini, Silvana Granado Nogueira da Gama, and Edson Theodoro dos Santos Neto. "The role of parity in the mode of delivery in advanced maternal age women." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 21, no. 1 (March 2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042021000100004.
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Abstract Objectives: to describe the profile of Brazilian Advanced Maternal Age (AMA) women (> 35 years) according to parity, as well as to analyze the role of parity in the relationship between AMA and mode of delivery. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study, based on the “Nascer no Brasil” (Born in Brazil) survey. The data were collected in 2011/2012. The chi-square test was performed to verify the association between parity and maternal, prenatal and delivery characteristics, maternal habits, pre-pregnancy diseases, maternal complications and obstetric history. Results: of the 2,510 puerperal AMA women, 20.2% were nulliparous, 54.4% had one or two previous births and 25.4% had three or more previous births. The nulliparous women had higher schooling, higher economic class and adequate BMI, were white; and had better maternal habits when compared to multiparous. However, they were also more submitted to cesarean section, although without reported complications. Conclusions: one cannot speak of AMA pregnant women as a homogeneous group in Brazil. There are inequalities that can be revealed via parity, since nulliparous women have maternal characteristics, habits and access to prenatal care and childbirth that are more advantageous than multiparous women.
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Edvardsson, Kristina, Mary-Ann Davey, Rhonda Powell, and Anna Axmon. "Sex ratios at birth in Australia according to mother’s country of birth: A national study of all 5 614 847 reported live births 1997–2016." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 25, 2021): e0251588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251588.
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Objectives Son preference and sex selective practices have resulted in a deficit of girls in several countries, primarily across Asia. Emerging evidence indicates that son preference survives migration to Western high-income countries. The objective of this study was to assess male-to-female (M/F) ratios at birth per mother’s country of birth in Australia 1997–2016, in total and by parity, and by states/territories and over time. Methods Data for this national population-based cross-sectional study were obtained from the National Perinatal Data Collection (NPDC) and included all live births in Australia 1997–2016 (N = 5 614 847). M/F ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals were estimated. Results The M/F ratio for births to Australian-born mothers was within the expected range (1.03–1.07) regardless of parity and time period. M/F ratios were elevated above the expected range for births to mothers born in China in the total sample (M/F ratio 1.084, 95% confidence interval 1.071–1.097) and at parity 2 (1.175, 1.120–1.231), and for births to mothers born in India at parity 2 (1.146, 1.090–1.204). Parity 2 births were the most consistently male-biased across time. Across states, elevated M/F ratios were identified for both groups in New South Wales (China parity 2: 1.182, 1.108–1.260; India parity 2: 1.182, 1.088–1.285), for births to Chinese-born mothers in Victoria (total births: 1.097, 1.072–1.123; parity 1: 1.115, 1.072–1.159) and Australian Capital Territory (total births: 1.189, 1.085–1.302) and births to Indian-born mothers Western Australia (parity 2: 1.307, 1.122–1.523). Conclusions Son preference persists in some immigrant communities after migration to Australia. The consistent pattern of elevated M/F ratios across the larger states indicates that sex imbalances at birth are largely independent of restrictiveness of local abortion laws. Drivers and consequences of son preference in Western high-income settings should be explored to further promote gender equality, and to strengthen support for women who may be vulnerable to reproductive coercion.
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., Preetkamal, Ripan Bala, Simranjeet Kaur, and Madhu Nagpal. "Obstetrics ICU admissions: learning objectives." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 4 (March 26, 2019): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20191019.
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Background: The management of critical illness in pregnancy requires intensive monitoring of obstetric patients in the intensive care unit. Systematic way of surveillance will allow the measurement of outcomes of interest and associated risk factors. Intensive care unit is highly specified and sophisticated area of hospital which is specifically designed, staffed, furnished and equipped, dedicated to the management of critically sick patients, injuries or complications. The aim of this study was to know the frequency of ICU admission in obstetrical patients, to analyse the medical or surgical comorbidity related to obstetrical problems, to segregate the cause of morbidity and to identify the risk reducing strategies.Methods: This observational study was conducted in 40 ICU patients in present institute from 1st December 2016 to 28th February 2019. The present study was divided into two groups in group I, intervention was done first followed by ICU intervention and in group II, ICU stabilization was done first followed by obstetrical intervention. The parameters noted were age, parity, gestation age, diagnosis on admission, associated medical and surgical comorbidity, reason for ICU admission, any surgical procedure performed, details of treatment given in ICU like ventilator support, blood transfusion, dialysis or ionotropic support. Patients outcome, review of mortality and area of improvement were also noted.Results: There were 17.5% mortalities observed in present study. The most common ICU intervention was blood transfusion (81.19%) followed by mechanical ventilation (37.8%). Commonest cause of mortality was multiorgan dysfunction (28.5%) followed by hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (14.3%), peripartum cardiomyopathy (14.3%), acute fatty liver of pregnancy (14.3%), septic shock (14.3%) and acute febrile illness (14.3%). Most of the patients were unbooked (74.3%), 47.2% cases did not receive antenatal care.Conclusions: There is need for antenatal registration of all pregnant women and institutional deliveries should be the aim. There should be antenatal detection and management of medical and surgical comorbidities. There is need for training in emergency obstetrics so that complication can be recognized and managed at an optimum time.
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Mitchell, Alex J., Sheila Hardy, and David Shiers. "Parity of esteem: Addressing the inequalities between mental and physical healthcare." BJPsych Advances 23, no. 3 (May 2017): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.114.014266.
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SummaryParity of esteem means valuing mental health as much as physical health in order to close inequalities in mortality, morbidity or delivery of care. There is clear evidence that patients with mental illness receive inferior medical, surgical and preventive care. This further exacerbated by low help-seeking, high stigma, medication side-effects and relatively low resources in mental healthcare. As a result, patients with severe mental illness die 10–20 years prematurely and have a high rate of cardiometabolic complications and other physical illnesses. Many physical healthcare guidelines and policy recommendations address parity of esteem, but their implementation to date has been poor. All clinicians should be aware that inequalities in care are adversely influencing mental health outcomes, and managers, healthcare organisations and politicians should provide resources and education to address this gap.Learning Objectives• Understand the concept of parity of esteem• Be aware of the current inequalities in mental healthcare• Appreciate how parity of esteem may be improved
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Miswarti, Miswarti. "HUBUNGAN KEJADIAN PENDARAHAN POS PARTUM DINI DENGAN PANITAS DI RSUD Dr. M. DJAMIL PADANG TAHUN 2005." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2007): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24893/jkma.v2i1.21.
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The post partum bleeding was a casual of serious blood lose which most commonly found in obstetrics case and was most casual of death in from all mother’s mortality case. The objectives of this research was o find out the early post partum incident in RSUD Dr. M. Djamil Padang in 2005 compare with all childbird case during 005 in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang , and to find out early post partum incident in RSUP Dr. M. Dlail Padang according to the parity based on the number of early post partum bleeding in 2005. Kind of research was descriptive retrospective research with all of mother who giving birth in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang which experiences the post partum bleeding as the population. The sample was all of mother who gave birth with experiences post partum bleeding based on parity. Data was taken through data collection format. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis. The result found that the post partum bleeding incident in RSUD Dr. M Djamil Padang in 2005 was 4,40% from all of the childbirth, whereas post partum bleeding was in second place of ten most obstetrics case in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. There was also found that the incident rate of 1 parity were 15 cases or 11,54 %. 2-3 parity was 52 case or 40 % and 4 or more parity was higher compare to 2-3 parity, wich are 63 case or 48,46%. Bivariate analysis found that calculate X2 > X2 table, so it can concludes that there was a significant relationship between post partum bleeding in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang with parity. Researcher advising the paramedics to inform the societyto not having children more than 4, because it could increse the risks on the next childbirth which one of them is post partum bleeding.
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Levchenko, Tatiana Aleksandrovna. "China’s economic development: main trends and objectives of 14th five-year plan." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2022, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-4-109-116.
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China is one of the leaders of the global economy, and its position is becoming stronger year by year. China ranks first worldwide in terms of GDP in purchasing power parity, industrial production, exports of goods and services, exports of foreign direct investment and others. In recent years, China has been increasingly focused on the use of domestic resources, stimulating expenditure on final consumption. The country is developing within the framework of five-year plans approved by the government. There have been identified the main trends in China’s economic development in 2010-2021 and explored the features of the current five-year plan. The changes in China’s GDP in local currency and US dollars have been analyzed and the factors influencing the economic growth including growth in the final consumption expenditures, investment and foreign trade have been defined. It is stated that the growth of GDP per capita led to the increasing standards of living and helped defeat poverty. There have been analyzed the indices of investment activity of the country, including dynamics and structure of investments in fixed capital, dynamics of gross fixed capital formation and direct foreign investments; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the investment processes was determined. The main trends in the development of foreign trade of the country and formation of state budget expenditures were identified. The present state policy has been singled out in the light of the goals set by the Communist Party of China to maintain the speed of economic growth, increase the national welfare, activate the domestic market, eliminate the structural disproportions of the regional development, and deepen the current reforms. Special attention is payed to the innovation policies aimed at achieving national scientific and technological independence.
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Pandey, Manisha, Anita Rani, Kirti Jaiswal, Prasant Kumar Bajpai, and Sandip Kumar. "Gall Bladder Calculus in reproductive age group females attending the ultrasound clinic at a tertiary care hospital: A comparative Cross-sectional study." Indian Journal of Community Health 33, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i03.014.
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Background: Pregnant females are at risk for cholelithiasis' progress, and the obstruction in the bile duct produced by gallstones is responsible for jaundice and abdominal pain. Objective: The objectives of the present study were to see the burden of gall stones, relation with parity, and trimester among reproductive age group females. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 467 females of age between 15 to 45 years. The gall bladder was thoroughly examined by an ultrasound probe of frequency 2-5 MHz in all planes. Results: In most females who had gallstones, single (68.8 percent) gall stone was common as compared to multiple (31.2 percent). More nonpregnant women had gall bladder stones than pregnant women (p-value <0.005). Among the current nonpregnant group, the percentage of presence of gallbladder stones was greater in the female having parity of two or more (27.4 percent) than the females having parity of less than two (8.2 percent) with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: Since Gallstones can further complicate the situation in the form of gallbladder carcinoma, and females with higher parity have more chances of developing gallstones. Therefore, it becomes necessary to know the trimester of gallstone formation and its role in the progression of symptoms.
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Wahyuningsih, Wahyuningsih, Dina Putri, Lia Endriyani, Siti Nurunniyah, Sri Ayu Candra A. Misali, and Hamam Hadi. "Parity and Pregnancy Intention related to the Use of Contraceptives in Women of Reproductive." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, T8 (January 3, 2022): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9495.
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Background: The use of contraceptives in reproductive women is still a problem today. The association between contraceptive use and parity and pregnancy intention amongs legally married reproductive women has never been studied
Objectives: To determine the relationship between parity and pregnancy intention with contraceptive use among legally married women.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the involvement of 262 legally-married reproductive women, aged 15-49 years, in Bantul District, Indonesia. Socio-demographic data including age, education, income, parity, pregnancy intentions, and use of contraceptives were collected using a structured questionnaire by trained enumerators. Chi-square test was used to test the association between socio-demographic data and parity and pregnancy intention, while simple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between contraceptive use and parity and pregnancy intention. Data analysis was performed using statistical software by SPSS.
Results: Thirty-eight point five per cent of women of reproductive age who have ≥ 3 children and 16.5% of women of reproductive age who do not want to have children do not use contraception. Parity in women of childbearing age was not related to contraceptives (OR=2.58; 95%:0.67-1.76). Women of reproductive age who had intention of getting pregnant were 61% less likely (OR= 0.39; 95%: 0.37-0.74) to use contraceptives than those who did not have intention of getting pregnant.
Conclusions: The pregnancy intention is associated with a low contraceptive use in reproductive-age women. Thus, it is necessary to educate women in the reproductive age, their partners and family regarding the importance of birth spacing.
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DiBiase, Rebecca, Aozhou Wu, David Knopman, Keenan Walker, Thomas Mosley, Pamela L. Lutsey, and Rebecca Gottesman. "2244 The effects of gravidity and parity on risk of cognitive impairment and amyloid plaque deposition." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.188.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Our study seeks to answer the following questions: (1) To determine whether higher numbers of gravidity and parity are associated with a decreased risk of mild cognitive impairment or dementia; (2) To determine whether higher numbers of gravidity and parity are associated with a decreased risk of amyloid deposition by PET MRI. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Our study population includes all female study participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who did not have a diagnosis of dementia before enrollment. Participants were also required to have been evaluated for cognitive impairment in the ARIC-NCS ancillary study, or to have received an MRI PET scan of their brain as part of the ARIC-PET ancillary study. Baseline information on the gravidity and parity of all the women was recorded at initial enrollment. We use statistical analyses and epidemiological measures to explore our study questions. For our first question, we use logistic regression to evaluate the association of gravidity and parity as two separate ordinal variables using adjudicated mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. For our second question, we use logistic regression to evaluate the association of gravidity and parity (again as ordinal variables) with amyloid positivity. We use STATA for our statistical analyses. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We hypothesize that increased gravidity and parity will have either no effect or a protective effect against MCI, dementia, and amyloid deposition. Our preliminary analyses show that older age of a woman at first pregnancy and at first live birth are both positively correlated with increased incidence of cognitive impairment. No relationship was found between these surrogates of lifetime estrogen exposure and cerebral amyloid deposition. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Multiple basic science and clinical research studies have shown that estrogen exposure has an effect on cognitive function, likely through a complex interplay of multiple physiologic systems. Our study expands the research in this area by using a large, established epidemiologic cohort to examine gravidity and parity as important factors in lifetime estrogen exposure as they relate to cognitive impairment and amyloid plaque deposition.
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McCullough, J. Mac, Matthew Speer, Sanne Magnan, Jonathan E. Fielding, David Kindig, and Steven M. Teutsch. "Reduction in US Health Care Spending Required to Meet the Institute of Medicine’s 2030 Target." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 12 (December 2020): 1735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305793.
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Objectives. To quantify changes in US health care spending required to reach parity with high-resource nations by 2030 or 2040 and identify historical precedents for these changes. Methods. We analyzed multiple sources of historical and projected spending from 1970 through 2040. Parity was defined as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) median or 90th percentile for per capita health care spending. Results. Sustained annual declines of 7.0% and 3.3% would be required to reach the median of other high-resource nations by 2030 and 2040, respectively (3.2% and 1.3% to reach the 90th percentile). Such declines do not have historical precedent among US states or OECD nations. Conclusions. Traditional approaches to reducing health care spending will not enable the United States to achieve parity with high-resource nations; strategies to eliminate waste and reduce the demand for health care are essential. Public Health Implications. Excess spending reduces the ability of the United States to meet critical public health needs and affects the country’s economic competitiveness. Rising health care spending has been identified as a threat to the nation’s health. Public health can add voices, leadership, and expertise for reversing this course.
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HAFEEZ, MAIMOONA, WASEEM TALIB, and SAADIA SIDDIQUE. "INDUCTION OF LABOUR." Professional Medical Journal 14, no. 01 (March 10, 2007): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2007.14.01.3641.
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Objectives: For selecting the topic was to compare the efficacy of different methods of induction of labour. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit 11, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital Lahore. Period: One year, From 1st Jan 2004 to 31st Dec 2004. Subjects and methods. This study included pregnant ladies, irrespective of parity who were selected for induction of labour for different indications, after 28 weeks of gestation. Patients having abnormal presentation such as breech and patients with suspected cephalopelvicdisproportion were not included. Induction method was selected according to parity, indication for induction and Bishop scoring. Results. Total no of patients admitted in the said ward during the study period was 3500, 205 were induced with different methods. This gives prevalence of induction of labour in the study group as 5.86%. Age of the patients ranged from 17-45 years/with parity varying from 0-8. Five patients with previous caesarean section were also induced. Conclusion. The most common indication for induction of labour was pregnancy induced hypertension. Success rate of method used depends on Bishop scoring, PGE2 helps in cervical ripening and gives good results in patients with poor Bishop score.
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Sheikh, Y., D. Gakhar, M. H. Asunramu, H. Low, H. Yassin, and K. Muthukumar. "Achieving Parity of Esteem of Mental Healthcare in the UK." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1620.
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Introduction Mental illness is the single largest cause of disability in the UK, with one in four individuals suffering from a mental health problem. Despite this, only 13% of the NHS budget goes towards treatment of mental illness. It is thus unsurprising that addressing the parity of esteem of mental health has been highlighted as a major priority for the healthcare system, with the NHS Five Year Forward plan aiming to achieve this by 2020. Objectives To explore the barriers to achieving parity of esteem of mental healthcare in the UK and develop recommendations for implementation. Methods Narrative review of literature and synthesis of findings Results Three key barriers to achieving parity of esteem of mental health were identified: the current mental health investment standard (MHIS), medical sub-specialisation, and access to acute day units (ADU). The following recommendations were thus synthesised: to increase the time-period to measure MHIS increments, integrating mental health teaching into specialty training programmes, and increasing the availbility of ADUs to crisis referral teams. Conclusions Addressing the disparity between mental and physical health is a major priority for the NHS. This research provides an overview of current barriers and suggests recommendations for improvement. By prioritizing improvement in the MHIS, integrating mental health teaching into specialty training, and increasing access to ADUs, the NHS formulates an excellent founding to achieving the ultimate goal, parity of esteem of mental health. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Anggriani, Dina Delvin, Lilik Herawati, and Ernawati Ernawati. "Parity as failure determinants of labor induction in Bangka Belitung." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 24, no. 3 (June 21, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v24i3.4569.
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Objectives: to identify factors affecting labor induction failure in Sungailiat General Hospital, District Bangka, Bangka Belitung.Materials and Methods: This is a case control retrospective analytic study. Population of this study was postterm delivering mother at delivery room Sungailiat General Hospital during July 1st, 2012 to July 1st, 2015. Sampling method conducted for case group was total sampling method with labor induction failure as a inclusion criteria, and no data for first trimester ultrasound, didn’t have a routine antenatal care history, and maternal complication as exclusion criterias as many as 78 samples. Whereas, control group was women whose underwent a success labor induction used random sampling method with 1:1 ratio. Data source was from medical records. Data analysis was chi square with 95% confidence interval.Results: From the 78 samples with labor induction, 19,2 % was ≥ 35 years old, 48,7% was primiparas, 62,8% with infant birth weight ≥ 3500 gram, and from 96 samples, 47,5% with ≥ 5 years pregnancy interval. Statistical analysis result showed factors that affecting induction failure were parity (P Value 0,014, odds ratio 2,970), baby’s weight (P Value 0,016, odds ratio 2,631), pregnancy interval (P Value 0,023, odds ratio 2,993), whereas mother’s age did not show significant effect (P Value 0,383, odds ratio 2,278).Conclusion: Parity has a 2,9 times risk to develop induction failure.
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Anggriani, Dina Delvin, Lilik Herawati, and Ernawati Ernawati. "Parity as failure determinants of labor induction in Bangka Belitung." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 24, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v24i32016.79-83.
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Objectives: to identify factors affecting labor induction failure in Sungailiat General Hospital, District Bangka, Bangka Belitung.Materials and Methods: This is a case control retrospective analytic study. Population of this study was postterm delivering mother at delivery room Sungailiat General Hospital during July 1st, 2012 to July 1st, 2015. Sampling method conducted for case group was total sampling method with labor induction failure as a inclusion criteria, and no data for first trimester ultrasound, didn’t have a routine antenatal care history, and maternal complication as exclusion criterias as many as 78 samples. Whereas, control group was women whose underwent a success labor induction used random sampling method with 1:1 ratio. Data source was from medical records. Data analysis was chi square with 95% confidence interval.Results: From the 78 samples with labor induction, 19,2 % was ≥ 35 years old, 48,7% was primiparas, 62,8% with infant birth weight ≥ 3500 gram, and from 96 samples, 47,5% with ≥ 5 years pregnancy interval. Statistical analysis result showed factors that affecting induction failure were parity (P Value 0,014, odds ratio 2,970), baby’s weight (P Value 0,016, odds ratio 2,631), pregnancy interval (P Value 0,023, odds ratio 2,993), whereas mother’s age did not show significant effect (P Value 0,383, odds ratio 2,278).Conclusion: Parity has a 2,9 times risk to develop induction failure.
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CHATTERJEE, KRISHNENDU, and NIR PITERMAN. "OBLIGATION BLACKWELL GAMES AND P-AUTOMATA." Journal of Symbolic Logic 82, no. 2 (June 2017): 420–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2016.71.
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AbstractWe generalize winning conditions in two-player games by adding a structural acceptance condition called obligations. Obligations are orthogonal to the linear winning conditions that define whether a play is winning. Obligations are a declaration that player 0 can achieve a certain value from a configuration. If the obligation is met, the value of that configuration for player 0 is 1.We define the value in such games and show that obligation games are determined. For Markov chains with Borel objectives and obligations, and finite turn-based stochastic parity games with obligations we give an alternative and simpler characterization of the value function. Based on this simpler definition we show that the decision problem of winning finite turn-based stochastic parity games with obligations is in NP∩co-NP. We also show that obligation games provide a game framework for reasoning about p-automata.
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Oliveira, Taís Viana Lédo de, Fabrícia Almeida Fernandes Santana, Claudio Lima Souza, and Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira. "Prevalence and factors associated with group B streptococcal colonization in pregnant women." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 1165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042020000400013.
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Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with the colonization by group B streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women from the urban area attended at health units in a municipality in northeastern Brazil. Methods: it is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to March 2018. Vagino-rectal swabs were collected from 210 pregnant women between 32 and 40 weeks of gestation. The swabs were seeded on 5% sheep blood agar and on chromogenic agar. For confirmatory identification of GBS, the CAMP test and latex agglutination were used. Descriptive analysis and univariate and multivariate association analysis were performed using a multinomial logistic model. Results: the prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women was 18.1% (n = 38), and a statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found for income and parity variables in the group of older women in the univariate analysis, and for skin color, age and parity in the final multivariate analysis. Conclusions: the prevalence of maternal colonization by GBS was similar to that described in other studies. Although some risk factors, such as skin color, age and parity, were associated with colonization, other studies are essential to establish more information on pregnant women more likely to be colonized by GBS.
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Jadhav, Ashwin, and Yogita Bavaskar. "An epidemiological study of the perimenopausal and menopausal health problems in women living in an urban area of Mumbai, Maharashtra." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 9 (August 23, 2017): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173700.
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Background: Menopause is a transitional period of changing role and status of women from reproductive to post reproductive age. It occurs due to decrease in level of oestrogen, which leads to multiple menopausal symptoms. The objectives were to study the health and psychological problems associated with menopause and to study the relation of health and psychological problems with age, marital status, socio-economic status, parity and tobacco use.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst women in the age group of 40 to 50 years during the period of February 2012 to February 2013 to know the epidemiological profile of peri and postmenopausal women. The study information of the women was collected by personal interview technique by home visits. Results: The average age at menopause amongst the study subjects was 45 yrs. The most common problem faced by the respondents was somatic symptoms. Among those the most common was muscle joint pains 65.1%. This study found significant association in marital status, parity, tobacco chewing and increased the occurrence of menopausal symptoms. Conclusions: There is a high burden of menopausal symptoms in women and the menopausal symptoms are affected by various socio-demographic factors like marital status, parity, tobacco chewing.
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Shtefan, Maryna, Victoria Vorozhbit-Gorbatyuk, and Yana Volkova. "VALUE RELATIONS OF PARTICIPANTS - CONDITION OF EFFECTIVE PEDAGOGICAL PARTNERSHIP." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (May 19, 2022): 523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2022vol1.6878.
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Accessibility and openness of information and reference bases with spreading of the distal format of training is determined by the main advantage during both stages of the empirical research. The level of satisfaction is higher than in directions: Information formatting, simplicity of algorithmic submission and clear content of tasks with artistic, productive activity.The article makes it clear that parity through equal accessibility contributes to the harmonization of educational goals and objectives for the formation of valuable attitudes of the participants of the educational process is achieved in a constructive dialog. Mobility of educational interaction in the system "Teacher – pupils, parents of the child". The study confirmed that parity presupposes the use of the information offered and available in the network through educational cooperation. It is important to establish a strong consistent connection for detailed discussion of hot topics, avoiding the diversity of the proposed primary sources, personalization of educational experience gained during the distance execution of specific educational tasks due to individual possibilities (knowledge of language, ability to work with different content, etc.). Parity provides stable open access to the necessary educational information, cognitive activity, which is clearly observed during use of distance learning tools. This reveals the possibility of reflexia as an element of the logical structure of parity of educational interaction. Careful attitude to the position, opinions of each participant of the educational process, equality in the right to express a personal vision of one or another element of the educational and methodical complex will help to form valuable attitudes.
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Nuraini, Nuraini, Siti Aisyah, and Putu Lusita Nati Indriani. "Hubungan Paritas, Biaya dan Pendidikan dengan KB Implant." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i1.1205.
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Family planning (KB) is an act that shapes an individual or a married couple to get certain objectives. Objective: To determine the relationship between parity, cost and education with implant family planning. This type of research is quantitative using an analytic survey with a cross sectional study approach to see the momentary relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The samples in this study were all women of childbearing age who were active family planning participants. The time of data collection in this study was carried out on February 12, 2020, and the data collection process was carried out on June 25 to August 18, 2020, statistical tests using the Chi-Square Test. The results of the research of respondents who did not use implant family planning (57.9%), respondents whose parity was at risk as much as (32.6%), respondents who had the cost of implanting FP implants independently were (60.0%) and those who were Implant using BPJS as much (40.0%). Meanwhile, respondents with low education were (40%). The statistical test results show that there is no significant relationship between parity (p-value = 0.363), there is a relationship between costs (p-value = 0.003), and education (p-value = 0.000). It is hoped that the health team in community services will be more active in providing training for obstetricians who are related to family planning implant acceptors.
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Siddiq, Shazia, Saima Yasmin Qadir, Hajra Sultana, and Asma Khurshid. "Frequency of uterine rupture after one successful vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC)." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 04 (April 10, 2020): 807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.04.3885.
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Objectives: To determine the frequency of uterine rupture after one successful vaginal birth after caesarean section. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Nishtar Hospital Multan. Period: From12-May-2017 to 11-May-2018. Material & Methods: Total number of 135 patients of 16-45 years with singleton pregnancies were admitted for 2nd Vagina Birth after cesarean Section at gestational age ≥ 28 weeks of gestation. Data in shape of parity, gestational age and BMI was taken. These patients were assessed for frequency of uterine rupture after one successful vaginal birth after caesarean section. Data was analyzed with statistical analysis program (SPSS version 21). Frequency and percentage was calculated for qualitative variables like parity and uterine rupture. Mean ± SD was calculated for quantitative variables like age, BMI and gestational age. Results: Mean age of patients was 29.88+5.34 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) of study patients was 25.17+4.88 kg/m2. Mean gestational age at the time of delivery was 39.01+2.54 weeks. Uterine rupture after vaginal birth occurred in 2 (1.48%) patients. There was no association of gestational age, parity and gestational age with the frequency of uterine rupture. Conclusion: Women with prior successful VBAC are at low risk of maternal and neonatal complications during subsequent trail of VBAC with lower risk of uterine rupture and perinatal complications.
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Verma, Arti, Shailendra Singh Chaudhary, Manisha Madhukar Nagergoje, Iqbal Aqeel Khan, Saroj Singh, and Sarvesh Awasthi. "Preferences and Practices regarding Delivery Place: A community-based cross-sectional study in Agra city, Uttar Pradesh." Indian Journal of Community Health 33, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i03.016.
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Background: Understanding preferences and practices for delivery place among women would assist in better resource utilization for skilled attendants. Objectives: To study factors influencing women’s preference and practice regarding their place of delivery. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Agra from 1st October 2018 to 31st October 2020. Multi-stage random sampling was used. Data was collected using semi-structured interview schedule. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis was done. Result: Majority (72.67%) of women had preference for delivery at government hospital while 19.67% for private hospital and only 7.67% for home. In actual practice, 58.33% had delivered at government hospital and 32.33% delivered at private hospital while 9.33 % at home. On multiple-logistic regression analysis, parity found to have significant association with preference of delivery at government hospital. Preference for delivery in private hospital was found to be significant with OBC caste and in women whose husband has skilled/highly-skilled occupation. In actual practice, Government hospital as delivery place found to have significant association with parity and presence of ASHA. Private hospital as a delivery place found significant with literate mothers and parity. Conclusion: Majority had preferred and practiced institutional delivery, preferring government hospital over private hospital. In actual practice, delivery at private hospital as well as home delivery out-numbered the preferred proportion.
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Amallia, Siti, Rahmalia Afriyani, and Siska Putri Utami. "Faktor Risiko Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Rumah Sakit BARI Palembang." Jurnal Kesehatan 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2017): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jk.v8i3.639.
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The appearance of anemia during the maternity caused the death of mothers indirectly. Based on the data from BARI hospital Palembang in 2015, it was found for about 29 (13 %) of 2218 maternity mothers affected by anemia. The objectives of this study were to discover the influential factors on the appearance of anemia on maternity women in the BARI Hospital Palembang in 2015. The cross-sectional approach was applied in this study. The population of the study was all the maternity women who checked their pregnancy in the BARI hospital in 2015. There were 236 respondents taken by using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by using frequency analysis, chi-square analysis, and logistic regression analysis. The result of study showed that 31 (13.1%) respondents got anemia during their pregnancy, there was the correlation between the age (p-value=0.032) and parity of maternity women (p-value=0.005) on anemia, and there was no correlation between the education and occupation of maternity women who affected by anemia. The regression logistic test showed that age and parity influenced the affection of anemia on maternity women and the most influential factor was the parity with OR = 4.012. Suggested to health officer will improve the counseling for maternity women about the importance of family planning after childbirth and control the number of children, so anemia cases in pregnancy will be decreased.
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Daghighi, Seifar, Parviz, Poureisa, Hajibonabi, Daghighi, and Golshan. "The Effect of Females’ Reproductive Factors on Pituitary Gland Size in Women at Reproductive Age." Medicina 55, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070367.
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Background and Objectives: The brain imaging of the pituitary gland in females has shown a change in pituitary size and volume in the female's population. It has been proven that the pituitary gland is affected by pregnancy, giving birth, and hormone-related factors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the factors which may have an impact on the pituitary size in females at reproductive age and compare the pituitary size in females with a history of pregnancy, those at the postpartum period, and nullipara females. Materials and Methods: This population-based study was conducted on 208 healthy women aged 12–55 years old. Participants underwent cranial Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pituitary diameters (craniocaudal, anteroposterior, and transverse) and volume were measured for each subject. The correlation of age, gravity, parity, lactation, and intake of oral contraceptives with pituitary size were analyzed. Results: One-hundred and eighty females met the criteria for participation. The pituitary volume correlated negatively with hormone-related factors. The gravity (r = -0.35) and parity (r = -0.35) had significant negative effects on the pituitary volume (p < 0.001). The use of oral contraceptives and lactation were also in negative correlation with the pituitary volume (r = -0.20, p = 0.006, r = -0.56, p < 0.001, respectively). The craniocaudal diameter was also affected by gravity (r = -0.62), parity (r = -0.57), intake of contraceptives (r = -0.32), and lactation (r = -0.70), p < 0.001. The anteroposterior diameter of the pituitary gland associated significantly with gravity (r = -0.19, p = 0.009), parity (r = -0.20, p = 0.007), and lactation (r = -0.25, p = 0.001). The transverse diameter of the pituitary gland also related negatively with reproductive factors such as gravity (r = -0.15, p = 0.04), parity (r = -0.17, p = 0.02), and lactation (r = -0.17, p = 0.02). The pituitary gland of nullipara females was the greatest in size. Recent pregnancy led to increased craniocaudal and anteroposterior diameters. Conclusions: In this study, we found a negative effect of pregnancy and giving birth on pituitary size. Nullipara females were found to have the greatest pituitaries, even greater than the females in the postpartum period.
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Nascimento, Luiz Fernando C., Hélcio José Izário Filho, Mariana Luz Pereira, and Nivaldo Baccan. "Cadmium quantification in Brazilian mothers colostrum: a regional study." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 5, no. 2 (June 2005): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-38292005000200008.
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OBJECTIVES: to estimate the amount of cadmium in human colostrum of mothers from Taubaté. METHODS: it was a cross-sectional study with mothers who delivered in University Hospital of Taubaté, in year 2003. The colostrum was collected in special tubes, one day after the delivery and frozen at -200 C. The independent variables were maternal age, birthweight, gestational age, parity, dietary habits, smoking report and maternal occupation. Cadmium was quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. It was used Mann-Whitney non-parametric approach to compare mean values; Pearson correlation was also used to verify associations. The level of significance was alpha = 5%. RESULTS: the mean value of cadmium was 54.5 mg/L (sd=381.0 mg/L). Cadmium was detected in 18 out of 58 samples (31.0%). There was neither correlation nor differences between the cadmium values and the independent variables maternal age, birthweight, gestational age, parify and smoking report. CONCLUSIONS: these values are above those the amounts described in other papers and it is important to identify the possible sources of this heavy metal in maternal environment.
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Alatawi, Tahani Suliman, Dr Manal Alwafa, Mona Ali Qarshae, Nouf Mohammed Abu Salem, Fatimah Hakami, Fatimah Musalem Alhweiti, and Abdullah Saeed Alzahrani. "To Determine the Affecting Factors of Performing Episiotomy among Women Delivering Vaginally in King Salman Armed Forces Western Region Hospital (KSAFWRH)." Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care 5, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjnhc.2022.v05i10.003.
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Background: Episiotomy is the most common surgical incision in midwifery. It's important to study the frequency of episiotomy and its associated factors in women with spontaneous vaginal delivery SVD. Therefore, this study conducted to determine the prevalence of episiotomy and the affecting factors of performing episiotomy among delivering women in King Salman Armed Forces Hospital in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study is a descriptive “prospective” cross sectional design. Done among all women who are delivered with spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) in KSAFWRH labour and delivery ward. Results: Overall responders are 215 of total 300 research tools were analysed using SPSS 22 software. 132 the indication was prime parity, 66 were because of rigid perineum, while 63 were due to baby distress .The prime who had episiotomy due to prime parity were 132(91.06%), while the multi paras had episiotomy due to rigid perineum with 39(59.09%). There is a significant relation in the fetal distress and history of C/S and child birth attendance with most of the variables. Conclusion: The primary objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of episiotomy and the affecting factors of performing episiotomy among delivering women. 300 research tool was distributed to midwifes to fill for each active vaginal delivery case, excluded 93 paper due to incomplete data. Within 207 complete research tools findings are showing 132 the indication was prime parity, 66 were because of rigid perineum, while 63 were due to baby distress .The prime who had episiotomy due to prime parity were 132(91.06%), while the multi paras had episiotomy due to rigid perineum with 39(59.09%). Chi- Square test was applied to calculate the p-value, there is a significant relation in the fetal distress and history of C/S and child birth attendance with most of the variables.
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Kurniawan, Renaldi, and Soenarnatalina Melaniani. "Hubungan Paritas, Penolong Persalinan dan Jarak Kehamilan dengan Angka Kematian Bayi di Jawa Timur." Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan 7, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbk.v7i2.2018.113-121.
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Infant mortality is a major component in determining the health and well-being of a community in a country. Indonesia Health Demographic Survey in 2012 shows that infant mortality rate in Indonesia is 32 babies per 1000 live births. Infant mortality rate in eastern Java is 26 babies per 1000 live births. Infant mortality is caused by external factors and internal factors. Parity, gestational distance and birth attendant are the factors chosen to be analyzed. The objectives of the study were to analyze the relationship of parity, birth spacing and birth attendant to infant mortality rate in East Java. The type of research that is analytical research using non-reactive approach. The study took the data of the 2012 IDHS Female Woman Never married. Sampling followed the 2012 IDHS plus inclusion criteria from the researchers. The number of samples of the study was 591 mothers with a history of dead infants during the survey. The study took the data of the 2012 SDKI Female Woman Never married. Data analysis was done by multiple logistic regression. The results of the simple logistic regression analyzes have shown an association between parity> 2 children, birth attendants instead by a health professional, pregnancy spacing ≤ 4 years and spacing of pregnancy> 4 years. All independent variables entered as a candidate for the multiple logistic regression analysis of the results of the multiple logistic regression analysis was parity shows, their relationship with infant mortality with p value = 0.001, but at birth attendant with a p value of 0.66. Screening risks of pregnant mothers and handling of ill toddlers by midwives and IEC to mothers about nutrition, pregnancy care and infant care through counseling, leaflets and posters.
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Azyati, Mazaya, Aldika Akbar, and Sudarno Sudarno. "Profile of patients with post partum hemorrhage in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, January 2011 - December 2013." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 24, no. 2 (June 21, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v24i2.4484.
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Objectives: To recognize profile of patients with post partum haemorrhage in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, from January 2011 to December 2013.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study using secondary data from medical records of patients with postpartum hemorrhage at Dr. Soetomo Hospital in January 2011 - December 2013. Age, parity, origin, amount of hemoglobin, cause of postpartum hemorrhage, mode of delivery, and transfusion data patients were all recorded.Results: Result of this study were patient’s age, parity, origin, hemoglobin, cause of postpartum haemorrhage, mode of delivery, and transfusion data. From 202 cases, 131 patients (64.85%) were 20 – 35 years old, 134 patients (66.34%) were multipara, 84 patients (41.58%) were from private practice midwife, 70 patients’ (34.65%) hemoglobin were <8 gr%, 63 patients (31.19%) post partum haemorrhage caused by retained placenta, 164 patients (81.20%) labored with spontaneous way, and 131 patients (64.85%) did not receive transfusion.Conclusions: Most of the patients with postpartum hemorrhage were 20-35 years, multiparas, from private practice midwives, came with haemoglobin level <8 gr%, caused by retained placenta, delivered with spontaneous way, and did not receive transfusion.
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Azyati, Mazaya, M. Aldika Akbar, and Sudarno Sudarno. "Profile of patients with post partum hemorrhage in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, January 2011 - December 2013." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 24, no. 2 (March 31, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v24i22016.43-48.
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Objectives: To recognize profile of patients with post partum haemorrhage in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, from January 2011 to December 2013.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study using secondary data from medical records of patients with postpartum hemorrhage at Dr. Soetomo Hospital in January 2011 - December 2013. Age, parity, origin, amount of hemoglobin, cause of postpartum hemorrhage, mode of delivery, and transfusion data patients were all recorded.Results: Result of this study were patient’s age, parity, origin, hemoglobin, cause of postpartum haemorrhage, mode of delivery, and transfusion data. From 202 cases, 131 patients (64.85%) were 20 – 35 years old, 134 patients (66.34%) were multipara, 84 patients (41.58%) were from private practice midwife, 70 patients’ (34.65%) hemoglobin were <8 gr%, 63 patients (31.19%) post partum haemorrhage caused by retained placenta, 164 patients (81.20%) labored with spontaneous way, and 131 patients (64.85%) did not receive transfusion.Conclusions: Most of the patients with postpartum hemorrhage were 20-35 years, multiparas, from private practice midwives, came with haemoglobin level <8 gr%, caused by retained placenta, delivered with spontaneous way, and did not receive transfusion.
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Baloch, Bilqis Aslam Baloc, Abdul Salam, Zaib Un Nisa, and Haq Nawaz. "VESICO-VAGINAL FISTULAE;." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 05 (December 14, 2018): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.05.2534.
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Objectives: To review the causes, diagnosis and treatment of vesico-vaginalfistulae in the department of Gynaecology& Obstetrics, and Urology Department Civil HospitalQuetta. Background: Vesico-vaginal fistula is not life threatening medical disease, but the womanface problems like demoralization, isolation, social boycott and even divorce. The etiology ofthe condition has been changed over the years and in developed countries obstetrical fistulaare rare and they are usually result of gynecological surgeries or radiotherapy. In countrieslike Pakistan the situation is different, here literacy rate is low, parity rate is high and medicalfacilities are deficient. People manage delivery at home and usually multi parity. Urogenital fistulasurgery doesn’t require special or advance technology but needs experienced urogynecologistwith trained team and post operative care which can restore health, hope and sense of dignityto women. Methods: A retrospective study of 60 patients with different types of vesico-vaginalfistula werereviewed between January 2005 to December 2008. Patients were analyzed withregard to age, parity, cause, diagnosis, mode of treatment and outcome. Patients were alsoevaluated initially according to prognosis. Results: During the study of four year period 60patients of vesico-vaginal fistulae were reviewed. Majority of the patients were belonging tomiddle age group. In 48 patients repair was done through transvaginal route and 12 wereoperated through transabdominal route. One Ca patient expired and in 4 patients recurrenceoccurred. Conclusions: Iatrogenic vesico-vaginal fistulae are more common. Difficult andcomplicated fistulae need experienced surgeon. Establishment of separate fistula surgery unitis suggested to get desired results.
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Khadgi, Bimika, Ranjeeta Shijagurumayum Acharaya, and Arpita Karki. "Does parity affect abdominal endurance causing low back pain among women?" Birat Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 3 (January 3, 2020): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v4i3.27016.
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Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is common worldwide and is leading cause of disability. Abdominal endurance promotes body posture, position, balance, urinary continence, pelvicalignment and low back health. In Nepal, women have high level physical activities and need good endurance to perform those activities. During pregnancy and postpartum,woman’s body undergoes remarkable changes up to 1 year resulting in pelvic pain, back pain and incontinence and other associated problems.Transverse abdominusis not as active as before pregnancy resulting in inadequate muscular stabilization in spine. Hence, study intends to measure abdominal endurance and compare among nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous women with association to low back pain.
Objectives: To compare the abdominal endurance among nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous women and to assess the association of abdominal endurance with LBP.
Methods: Non- parous and parous women of 20-30 years with 100 sample size are included tomeasure abdominal endurance by Pressure Biofeedback Unit and Nordic questionnaire was administered to identify low back pain.
Results: Mean abdominal endurance found among nulliparous was 3.5mm of Hg, primiparous was 3.4mm of Hg and multiparous was 3.2mm of Hg. Chi-square test showed 45.5%nulliparous,48.5% primiparous and 52.9% multiparous women have below average abdominal endurance and 33.3%, 57.6% and 70.6% nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous women have low back pain(LBP) respectively. The association between LBP and abdominal endurance is 0.155.
Conclusion: Abdominal endurance decreases with increasing parity and LBP increases with parity. Further research with large sample size is needed to explore the association between the LBP and abdominal endurance.
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Schmidt, Julie A., Agnès Fournier, Manon Cairat, Aurélie Mailhac, Henrik Sørensen, Marc Gunter, and Deirdre Cronin-Fenton. "Abstract P4-03-17: Parity, Use of Statins and Low-dose Aspirin, and Breast Cancer Risk – data from two large cohort studies." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (March 1, 2023): P4–03–17—P4–03–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p4-03-17.
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Abstract Background: Statins and low-dose aspirin have been associated with a reduced breast cancer (BC) incidence, but results are inconsistent. Based on emerging evidence that parity, a protective factor for breast cancer, and these drugs modulate immunity, we hypothesized that the association between drug use and breast cancer risk may differ by parity. Objectives: To assess the associations of statin and low-dose aspirin use with BC incidence according to parity in French and Danish cohorts. Methods: We conducted two cohort studies, using data from the French E3N study and a Danish nationwide population-based cohort, respectively. From E3N, 51,482 women, mean age 65.5 years, were enrolled in 2005 and followed until 2014. Data on parity (here full-term pregnancies), drug use, and incident BC were acquired from questionnaires, a drug reimbursement database, pathology verified self-reports and the national cause-of-death registry, respectively. From nationwide health registries, we included all Danish women free of BC and aged 45 years in 2000-2005 (n=198,575), with follow-up to 2014. Use of the exposure drugs were defined as at least two reimbursements/filled prescriptions. In both cohorts, multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) for drug exposure, treated as time-varying lagged variables, and BC risk stratified by parity (0, 1, 2, 3+). Results: In E3N and Denmark, 1,878 and 5,436 incident BC cases occurred in a mean follow-up of 8.5 and 11.5 years, respectively. At the end of follow-up, 35% and 19% of E3N and 16% and 8% of the Danish cohort had been exposed to statins and low-dose aspirin, respectively. In E3N, effect modification was observed between parity and statins, but not low-dose aspirin. For statins, the HRs for use vs no use were 1.29 (0.97-1.72), 1.27 (0.99-1.65), 1.08 (0.91-1.27), and 0.76 (0.61-0.95) among women with 0, 1, 2, and 3+ full-term pregnancies, respectively (p-het=0.005). The corresponding estimates for low-dose aspirin were: 1.17 (0.80-1.71), 0.81 (0.54-1.20), 1.13 (0.90-1.43), and 1.22 (0.93-1.61; p-het=0.6). In contrast, the Danish data did not suggest any effect modification. HRs for use vs no use of statins were 0.82 (0.60-1.13), 1.05 (0.80-1.37), 0.91 (0.75-1.10), and 1.09 (0.83-1.44) among women with parity of 0, 1, 2, and 3+, respectively (p-het=0.3). For low-dose aspirin HRs were: 1.09 (0.75-1.59), 0.79 (0.54-1.15), 1.04 (0.82-1.32), and 0.99 (0.71-1.40; p-het=0.8). Conclusions: We observed effect modification by parity for the association between statins and breast cancer risk in the French but not the Danish cohort. Whether the age difference between the cohorts explains the inconsistent results should be explored. Citation Format: Julie A. Schmidt, Agnès Fournier, Manon Cairat, Aurélie Mailhac, Henrik Sørensen, Marc Gunter, Deirdre Cronin-Fenton. Parity, Use of Statins and Low-dose Aspirin, and Breast Cancer Risk – data from two large cohort studies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-17.
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Flynn, Lindsay B. "I’ll Just Stay Home: Employment Inequality Among Parents." Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society 26, no. 3 (July 23, 2018): 394–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxy023.
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AbstractHow does homeownership magnify existing gender disparities in the labor markets of the rich OECD countries? Men and women, and especially mothers and fathers, respond to homeownership differently. Owners work more hours than renters but mothers experience an ownership penalty while fathers solidify their market attachment. Both responses increase the gender gap. As such, governments pursuing dual policy objectives of promoting homeownership and greater gender parity in the labor market will find their policies working at cross-purposes. This paper analyzes the effect of homeownership on labor market attachment and explains why mothers and fathers respond to it in different ways.
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Rasouli, Sahar, Alireza Abdolmohammadi, Alireza Zebarjadi, and Ali Mostafaei. "Evaluation of Polymorphism in IGF-I and IGFB-3 Genes and their Relationship tith Twinning Rate and Growth Traits in Markhoz Goats." Annals of Animal Science 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0020.
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AbstractGrowth rate and twinning rate are economic traits that can be used in goat breeding objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphisms in the insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-3) genes and their relationship with growth traits and twinning in Markhoz goats. Two sets of specific primers were used to amplify a 249bp fragment of IGF-I gene and a 316bp fragment of IGFBP-3 gene. PCR-SSCP analysis revealed three banding patterns for each gene that confirmed presence of a mutation in position 1617 of the IGF-I gene and a mutation in position 58 of IGFBP-3 gene. The genotype frequencies of IGF-I gene were 0.81 (GG), 0.16 (GA) and 0.03 (AA). Also, the genotype frequencies of IGFBP-3 gene were 0.79 (TT), 0.17 (TC) and 0.04 (CC). The Odds Ratio estimated for twinning rate was 1.11 for second on first parity, 0.19 for third on first parity and 5.71 for second on third parity. The chi-square statistics were 6.46 for IGF-I gene and 3.32 for IGFBP-3 gene. The results also indicated that different genotypes of these genes had no significant effect on birth weight, weight at 6 months, at 9 months and at 12 months but the interactions between different genotypes of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 genes were significant for weaning weight and average daily gain from birth to weaning. These results suggest that twinning rate in Markhoz breed is statistically affected by these genes and can be considered in breeding programs.
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Menta, Paulo R., Leticia Fernandes, Diego Poit, Maria Luiza Celestino, Vinicius S. Machado, and Rafael C. Neves. "A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effect of an Oral Calcium Bolus Supplementation Strategy in Postpartum Jersey Cows on Mastitis, Culling, Milk Production, and Reproductive Performance." Animals 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 3361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123361.
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of a postpartum oral calcium supplementation strategy in multiparous Jersey cows on (1) the odds of clinical mastitis in the first 60 days in milk (DIM); (2) the odds of culling up to 60 DIM; (3) the risk of pregnancy in the first 150 DIM; (4) milk production in the first 15 weeks of lactation. A randomized clinical trial was performed in a dairy herd located in west Texas, United States. A total of 809 cows were used in the final analyses. Overall, postpartum oral calcium supplementation did not influence milk production, reproductive performance, or culling. Among second parity cows, oral calcium supplementation tended to decrease the odds of clinical mastitis in the first 60 DIM compared to controls; however, no differences were observed for cows in parities three and greater. To date, data evaluating the effect of postpartum oral calcium supplementation in multiparous Jersey cows are limited. In our study, oral calcium supplementation tended to reduce clinical mastitis in second parity cows. No positive benefits based on the reduction of culling, and improvement of milk production and reproductive performance were evident for the herd included in this study.
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SAEED, ZOONA, M. Saeed, M. IKRAM, Roohi Saeed, and SHAZIA TAZIAN. "PLACENTA PREVIA." Professional Medical Journal 16, no. 01 (March 10, 2009): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2009.16.01.3003.
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Objectives: To analyze the causative factors and short term complications in cases of placenta previa. D e s i g n a ndSettings: A retrospective study carried out in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Sheikh Zayed Post Graduate Institute Lahore.P e r i o d : From June 2004 to June 2007.Subject: Fifty patients with placenta previa. M a i n o u t c o m e m e a s u r e s : Age, parity, previouscesarean section, previous history of evacuation/myomectomy, average hospital stay, need for blood transfusions, emergency/electiveLSCS, associated maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Results: There were 50 cases of placenta previa over the period of 3 years.Most frequently occurring intra operative complication was postpartum hemorrhage in 19 patients (38%). Highest morbidity was due toanemia which was in 23 patients (46%). Maternal mortality was 2%, while neonatal mortality was 14%. C o n c l u s i o n : Placenta previa is amultifactorial disease. No doubt that the rising incidence of cesarean section is increasing the intraoperative complication associated withthe condition but other risk factors are also important like age, parity, history of evacuation etc.
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Haileselassie, Mekonnen, Shewit Kalayou, Moses Kyule, Mekonnen Asfaha, and Kelay Belihu. "Effect ofBrucellaInfection on Reproduction Conditions of Female Breeding Cattle and Its Public Health Significance in Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia." Veterinary Medicine International 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/354943.
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The most common clinical manifestations of brucellosis in livestock are associated with reproduction. This paper reports the result of a cross-sectional study conducted between October, 2007 and April, 2008 in Western Tigray, North Ethiopia, with the objectives of assessing the effect ofBrucellainfection on reproduction conditions of female breeding bovine and to explore the presence ofBrucellaseroreactors in vulnerable humans. A total of 1,354 and 246 sera were collected from female cattle and humans, respectively. The sera were screened using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), and positive samples were confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT). Reproductive conditions for female cattle and risk to human brucellosis seropositivity were tested by using logistic regression analysis. The result indicated that the overall prevalence in female cattle was 6.1%. The study showed 1.2% prevalence among human risk groups, all of which were herdsmen. Logistic regression identified parity status, calving interval, abortion history, and abortion period were significantly associated with seropositivity. The association was not significant with reproductive status and parity number. Proper hygienic practices and team work between veterinary and health personnel should improve the efforts to combat disease transmission.
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Benmessaoud, Ines, Margot Jamey, Barbara Monard, Jean-Patrick Metz, Aude Bourtembourg-Matras, Rajeev Ramanah, Didier Riethmuller, Abdellah Hedjoudje, and Nicolas Mottet. "Analysis of spontaneous labor progression of breech presentation at term." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): e0262002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262002.
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Background Cervical dilatation curves are widely used to describe normal and abnormal labor progression for cephalic presentation. Labor curves for breech presentations have never been described. Objectives The aims of this study were to examine the pattern of labor progression in women with a breech presentation and to determine whether the type of breech or parity can influence the speed of cervical dilatation. Study design We analyzed the labor data from 349 women with a term, singleton, and breech fetus after spontaneous onset of labor in 2010–2018. Cesarean deliveries were excluded. The patterns of labor progression were described by examining the relationship between the elapsed times from the full dilatation and cervical dilatation stages. Average labor curves were developed using repeated-measures analysis with 3rd degree polynomial modeling. The results were interpreted according to parity and the type of breech. Results The first stage of labor progression was divided into a latency phase from 0 to 5 cm of dilatation and an active phase from 5 to 10 cm. In the active phase, the median speed of cervical dilatation was 1.67 cm/h [1.25, 2.61] (2 cm/h for multipara and 1.54 cm/h for nullipara). The difference by parity was significant in the active phase (p< 0.05). The cervical dilatation rate from 3 cm to 10 cm did not significantly differ between the complete and frank breeches (1.56 cm/h vs 1.75 cm/h, p = 0.48). However, the median cervical dilatation rate from 8 cm to complete dilatation was faster for complete breeches (1.92 cm/h versus 1.33 cm/h, p = 0.045). Conclusion As with cephalic presentation, the first stage of labor progression for breech presentation can be divided into a latent and active phase. Labor progression should be interpreted with respect to parity, and women should be informed that the type of breech does not seem to influence the cervical dilatation rate when there is adequate management.
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Guo, Xiaohui. "The Effects of Parity on the Birth Weight in Fengtai District, Beijing from 2015 to 2017." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_069.
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Abstract Objectives The aim of the current study was to explore the effects of parity on the birth weight in Fengtai district, Beijing, around the two-child policy complete implementation in China. Methods This is a retrospective study, with 57,987 live, singleton birth selected from Fengtai district, Beijing from 2015 to 2017. Data were divided into primiparous (n = 39,737) and secundiparous (n = 18,250), both maternal factors and neonatal outcomes were analyzed. ANOVA and Chi-square analysis were used to compare the difference within and between groups, and multiple linear regression models were used to assess the effects of parity on the birth weight, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Comparing 2017 to 2015, the number of primiparous and secundiparous was increased by 43.4% and 155.3%, respectively. The average birth weight was heavier in secundiparous than primiparous (3391.95 ± 463.67 g vs 3344.66 ± 463.09 g, P < 0.001). Significant decrements in birth weight were observed in primiparous groups (18.40 ± 6.27 g, P < 0.05) and secundiparous (29.75 ± 9.79 g, P < 0.05) during the three years. No difference was found for the low birth weight ratio in primiparous (Chi-square = 1.549, P = 0.461) but was observed of a 0.7% increment in secundiparous (2.3% vs 3.0%, Chi-square = 7.741, P = 0.021) from 2015–2017. After multiple linear regression, significant positive correlations were observed between parity and birth weight and the β value was decreased in the three years (β2015 = 38.213; 95% CI: 22.518 to 53.908, P < 0.001; β2016 = 34.843; 95% CI:24.758 to 44.928, P < 0.001; β2017 = 25.137; 95% CI: 15.287 to 34.988, P < 0.001), adjusted by gender, birth length, maternal age, gestational week, number of abortion, mode of delivery, maternal education and maternal domicile. Conclusions The birth weight is higher among the secundiparous than the primiparous in Fengtai district Beijing during 2015–2017, and parity is an important factor affecting the birth weight. Funding Sources Nutrition Research Fund of Chinese Nutrition Society-Feihe Research Fund for Physical Nutrition and Health.