Academic literature on the topic 'Parity objectives'
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Journal articles on the topic "Parity objectives"
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Majeed, Tayyaba, Rabia Adnan, Irum Mubshar, Hamis Mahmood, Kanwal Saba, Sardar Fakhar Imam, Muhammad Al-Fareed Zafar, and Mulazim Hussain Bukhari. "GESTATIONAL DIABETES." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 10 (October 10, 2015): 1298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.10.983.
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Objectives: To compare the efficacy of Metformin with insulin in gestationaldiabetes mellitus in terms of fetomaternal outcome. Study Deign: Randomized clinicaltrial study. Setting: Lady Aitchison Hospital Lahore. Period: January 2014 to March 2015.Methodology: Total 500 pregnant females with GDM were included in the study through nonprobability,consecutive sampling. Patients were divided into 2 equal groups (A: B). Patientsin group A were given tablet metformin 500 mg by oral route and group B was administratedregular injection Insulin by subcutaneous route. Results: The mean age of females was32.14±6.13 years. The mean gestational age was 31.07±3.8 weeks. There were 78 (15.6%)females who had 0 parity, 107 (21.4%) females had parity 1, 175 (35%) females had parity2, 95 (19%) females had parity 3, 33 (6.6%) females had parity 4 and 12 (2.4%) femaleshad parity 5.There were 54 (10.8%) cases had PTB, out of which 12 (4.8%) had PTB withmetformin while 42 (16.8%) had PTB with insulin. There were 115 (23%) neonates requiredNICU admission, out of which 37 (14.8%) neonates with metforminand78 (31.2%) neonateswith insulin. There were 87 (17%) neonates who had neonatal hypoglycemia, out of which23 (9.2%) neonates with metformin and64 (25.6%) neonates with insulin. The difference wassignificant between both groups for all fetal outcomes (P<0.05). Conclusion: The metforminis more effective in preventing adverse fetal and maternal outcome as compared to insulin.
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Anggraeni, Asih, Vitri Wulansari, and Darto Darto. "Dominant factors affecting uterine prolapse in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, in 2013-2015." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 25, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v25i32017.77-80.
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Objectives: To determine the dominant factors that affected uterine prolapse at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to 259 cases of uterine prolapse at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, in the periods of January - December in the years 2013-2015. This was a correlational quantitative analytic study using chi-square test and regression analysis.Results: Factors affecting uterine prolapse were parity (p=0.024), age (p=0.036) and occupation (p=0.039). Parity had the highest regression analysis result of 0.145 with probability of uterine prolapse in those with parity >2 in this study was 2.753 times higher than in those with parity ≤2.Conclusion: Factors that had been proved to have significant effect on uterine prolapse were age, occupation, and parity. Parity was the predominant factor in affecting uterine prolapse in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta.
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Rahayu, Eka Nur, Marinda Anggasari, and Siti Abdillah. "Pengetahuan Akseptor tentang Kontrasepsi IUD." Jurnal Ilmu Kebidanan (Journal of Midwivery Science) 8, no. 3 (February 18, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36307/jik.v8i3.98.
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Background: Family Planning (KB) is a program in Indonesia that aims to reduce birth rates inIndonesia. The choice of contraceptive behavior can be influenced by several factors includingeducation, parity, knowledge and environment. Research Objectives to determine the relationshipof education and parity with knowledge of IUD family planning in family planning acceptors.Methods: This study used an analytical survey method and a cross sectional approach wasconducted in January-March in the hamlet of Dronco, Girirejo, Imogiri, Bantul. The number ofsamples is 164 people, accidental sampling techniques. The research instruments used in thisstudy were questionnaires and data analysis using Kendall's know. Results: the results of the study found that the highest education acceptors were secondaryeducation with a percentage of 51.2%. The parity of acceptors namely acceptors has 2 childrenwith a percentage of 45.7%. The most used contraception is injection with a percentage of 57.9%.There is a relationship between education and parity with knowledge of IUD contraception in family planning acceptors in Dronco hamlet.Keywords: Education, Parity, IUD contraceptive knowledge
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Vagnoni, David B., Michayla Davidson, Livia Rubio, Garrett R. Oetzel, and Emmanuelle Comets. "Effects of Postpartum Supplemental Oral Ca for Dairy Cows Fed Prepartum Dietary Acidogenic Salts." Animals 11, no. 11 (November 2, 2021): 3131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113131.
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Postpartum hypocalcemia is a problem in dairy cows. Both the Jersey vs. Holstein breed and increasing parity are known risk factors. Our objectives were: (1) to evaluate a simple approach to provide dietary acidogenic salts suitable for application on small dairies and (2) to evaluate the combined effects of degree of acidification and oral Ca supplementation along with breed and parity group on periparturient Ca status of Holstein and Jersey cows. Cows were moved weekly from the far-off dry pen at 260 days pregnant to the close-up pen, where all cows received the acidogenic diets. The diet was offered as a total mixed ration and CaCl2, and our source of acidogenic salts was top-dressed in liquid form and mixed in by hand. Thirty-six cows were blocked by parity group (parity = 2 vs. parity ≥ 3) and breed (Holstein vs. Jersey) and assigned to one of two treatments (no intervention or postpartum oral Ca bolus supplementation) in an alternating fashion, based on expected date of parturition. Urinary acidification appeared complete within 3–4 days. Increased urinary Ca excretion was >93% of maximum from 7–21 days before falling to <5% of maximum by 28 days. Serum Ca concentrations 12–24 h postpartum were lower for Jerseys vs. Holsteins and for parity ≥ 3 vs. parity = 2 cows. Serum Ca over 6–48 h postpartum decreased and increased, respectively, with oral Ca supplementation for parity = 2 and parity ≥ 3 cows. Decreased prepartum urinary Ca excretion and increased colostrum yield appear to be independent risk factors of hypocalcemia for parity ≥ 3 Jerseys.
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Шабанов, Тимофей. "Ценовой паритет калорийности." ИЗВЕСТИЯ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ, no. 4 (2020): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/2311-2271/2020-4/149-155.
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В чрезвычайной ситуации государственной самоизоляции актуализируется вопросы продовольственной безопасности ценового паритета калорийности продуктов питания. В исследовании рассмотрена и подтверждена гипотеза о существовании взаимосвязи цены с калорийностью продовольствия как ценового паритета. На основе методов эконометрики и энергетического подхода, данных Росстат за 1998-2017 гг. определены цены и калорийности по видам продовольствия. Выявлен линейный характер годового прироста цены калории при стабильном ценовом паритете. Установлены среднегодовые темпы прироста цены потреблённого продовольствия 1,77 руб./Мкал к произведённому 0,38 руб./Мкал (отношение 4,66:1), средняя цена импортной калории 1,24 USD/Мкал, экспортной 0,16 USD/Мкал (отношение 7,75:1). Импортозамещение как основное направление улучшения ценового паритета обеспечит продовольственную безопасность в чрезвычайной ситуации. In the emergency situation of the state self-isolation food security issues – caloric food price parity - are brought up to date. The level of food prices can be a kind of the regulator for planning, organizing and managing the optimal calorie intake by the population. The paper suggests the existence of a function between price and calorie content (number of calories); and the hypothesis on availability of the caloric food price parity was considered and tested. To study the hypothesis, the following objectives were developed and consistently solved: determining the prices and parity of calories produced and consumed; determination of prices and parities of exported and imported calories. Based on the econometric methods and energy approach, as well as on the Rosstat data for the period of 1990-2017 and the Russian Customs data on food product balances and its prices, the wellknown calorie standards for food products, the hypothesis of the investigation was confirmed. The linear nature of the annual increase in the price of calories at the stable price parity was defined. It was found that the average annual growth rate of the consumed food price was 1.77 rubles/Mcal to the produced 0.38 rubles/Mcal (ratio 4.66: 1), the average price of the imported calories was 1.24 USD / Mcal and that of the exported calories was 0.16 USD / Mcal ( ratio 7.75: 1). Import substitution as the main trend for improving the price parity will ensure food security in an emergency situation.
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Kirkbride, J. B., and P. B. Jones. "Parity of esteem begins at home: translating empirical psychiatric research into effective public mental health." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 8 (August 9, 2013): 1569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713001992.
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There is increasing recognition that parity of esteem between mental and physical health disorders is essential to improve the course, outcome and quality of life of individuals within different populations. Achieving this parity now underpins the objectives of several nations. Here, we argue that parity of esteem between mental and physical health can only be realized when parity of esteem also exists across mental health disorders, particularly in terms of service commissioning and planning. Using first-episode psychosis and early intervention in psychosis services as a motivating example, we demonstrate how carefully conducted psychiatric epidemiology can be translated to develop precise forecasts of the anticipated incidence of first-episode psychosis in different populations, based on an understanding of underlying local needs and inequalities. Open-access prediction tools such as PsyMaptic will allow commissioners of mental health services to more effectively allocate resources across services, based on empirical evidence and local need, thus reducing inequalities in access to mental health care.
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Taufiqoh, Syuhrotut, Purnomo Suryantoro, and Herlin Fitriana Kurniawati. "Maternal parity and exclusive breastfeeding history are significantly associated with stunting in children aged 12-59 months." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 25, no. 2 (March 31, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v25i22017.66-70.
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Objectives: To determine the relationship between maternal parity and exclusive breastfeeding history with stunting among children aged 12-59 months.Materials and Methods: Observational method with case control approach. Sampling method used purposive sampling was conducted in 118 children. Data were collected by observation and interview using questionnaire. Chi square test used to bivariate analysis and logistic regression used to multivariate analysis with 5% significance limit and 95% confidence level.Results: Multivariate analysis results that maternal parity and exclusive breastfeeding history was significantly associated with stunting (OR 3,419 (CI 95%: 1.433-8.156); OR 3,706 (CI 95%:1.430-9.605). External variable significantly associated with stunting is maternal occupation OR 2,972 (CI 95%: 1.285-6.874).Conclusion: Maternal parity and exclusive breastfeeding history are significantly associated with stunting in children aged 12-59 months.
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Brodowski, Lars, Niels Rochow, Efrah I. Yousuf, Fabian Kohls, Constantin S. von Kaisenberg, Silvia Berlage, and Manfred Voigt. "The impact of parity and maternal obesity on the fetal outcomes of a non-selected Lower Saxony population." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 50, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2020-0614.
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Abstract Objectives Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with adverse intrauterine events and fetal outcomes and may increase the risk of obesity and metabolic disease development in offspring. Higher parity, regardless of socioeconomic status, is associated with increased maternal body mass index (BMI). In this study, we examined the relationship between parity, maternal obesity, and fetal outcomes in a large sample of mother-neonate pairs from Lower Saxony, Germany. Methods This retrospective cohort study examined pseudonymized data of a non-selected singleton cohort from Lower Saxony’s statewide quality assurance initiative. 448,963 cases were included. Newborn outcomes were assessed in relation to maternal BMI and parity. Results Maternal obesity was associated with an increased risk of placental insufficiency, chorioamnionitis, and fetal distress while giving birth. This effect was present across all parity groups. Fetal presentation did not differ between BMI groups, except for the increased risk of high longitudinal position and shoulder dystocia in obese women. Maternal obesity was also associated with an increased risk of premature birth, low arterial cord blood pH and low 5-min APGAR scores. Conclusions Maternal obesity increases the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. There is a positive correlation between parity and increased maternal BMI. Weight-dependent fetal risk factors increase with parity, while parity-dependent outcomes occur less frequently in multipara. Prevention and intervention programs for women planning to become pregnant can be promising measures to reduce pregnancy and birth complications.
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Alzboon, Ghadeer, and Gülşen Vural. "The Experience of Healthy Pregnancy in High Parity Women: A Phenomenological Study in North Jordan." Medicina 57, no. 8 (August 22, 2021): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080853.
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Background and Objectives: High parity women are more likely to have poor quality of life during pregnancy than low parity women. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of healthy pregnancy among high parity women in North Jordan. Materials and Methods: A descriptive phenomenological design was employed in this study to complement previously published quantitative results. Fourteen pregnant women, who had four children or more, were recruited purposely according to inclusion criteria from Irbid city in North Jordan. Data were collected using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi’s method was employed to analyze the verbatim data. Results: There were three main themes which emerged from participants significant statements: they had new discomforts, antenatal care and follow-up, and social issues. Each extracted theme was linked to some factors (subthemes), which had a positive or negative impact on the quality of life of high parity women during pregnancy. High parity women who experienced multiple stressors had a poor quality of life. Conclusions: Experiencing new discomforts, less or no antenatal care, and a lack of social support negatively affected the quality of life among high parity women. Antenatal interventions should be designed based on high parity women’s perceptions of their health and wellbeing in order to improve their quality of life and ultimately prevent maternal morbidity and mortality. Further quantitative studies are needed to explore the impact of previous mentioned factors on maternal quality of life and outcomes.
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Ashar, Hadi, Ina Kusrini, Arif Musoddaq, and Ika Puspita Asturiningtyas. "First sexual intercourse and high parity are the most influential factors of precancerous cervical lesion." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 28, no. 3 (December 7, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v28i32020.113-118.
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Objectives: to analyze the relationship between characteristics, parity and maternal reproductive history with the risk of cervical pre-cancerous lesions.Materials and Methods: Cross Sectional Survey, in 2016 Non-Communicable Disease study, with a population of women aged 25-64 years, living in urban areas. A total of 1,547 samples were selected from the census blocks that were prepared to IVA examination. The variables in this article are maternal characteristics, menarche, age of first sexual intercourse, number of partners, parity and contraceptive use, as independent variables and cervical pre-cancerous lesions as dependent variables.Results: Factors influencing cervical pre-cancerous lesions were: Menarche with a value of P = 0.018; Age of first sexual intercourse with a value of P = 0,000; Number of sexual partners with a value of P = 0.023; and parity with a value of P = 0.049. Multivariate test results show that the age of first time having sex less than 20 years has a 2.3 risk; Mothers with high parity (> 4 children) and having more than one sexual partner have a 16.5 risk.Conclusion: Menarche, age of first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners and parity affect the incidence of cervical cancerous lesions. The most influential Factors are: the age of first sexual intercourse less than 20 years, and mothers with high parity who have more than one sexual partner.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Parity objectives"
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Rohling, Gregory Allen. "Multiple Objective Evolutionary Algorithms for Independent, Computationally Expensive Objectives." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4835.
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This research augments current Multiple Objective Evolutionary Algorithms with methods that dramatically reduce the time required to evolve toward a region of interest in objective space.
Multiple Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) are superior to other optimization techniques when the search space is of high dimension and contains many local minima and maxima. Likewise, MOEAs are most interesting when applied to non-intuitive
complex systems. But, these systems are often computationally expensive to calculate. When these systems require independent computations to evaluate each objective, the computational expense grows with each additional objective. This method has developed methods that reduces the time required for evolution by reducing the number of objective evaluations, while still evolving solutions that are Pareto optimal. To date, all other Multiple Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) require the evaluation of all objectives before a fitness value can be assigned to an individual.
The original contributions of this thesis are:
1. Development of a hierarchical search space description that allows association of crossover and mutation settings with elements of the genotypic description.
2. Development of a method for parallel evaluation of individuals that removes the need for delays for synchronization.
3. Dynamical evolution of thresholds for objectives to allow partial evaluation of objectives for individuals.
4. Dynamic objective orderings to minimize the time required for unnecessary objective evaluations.
5. Application of MOEAs to the computationally
expensive flare pattern design domain.
6. Application of MOEAs to the optimization of fielded missile warning receiver algorithms.
7. Development of a new method of using MOEAs for
automatic design of pattern recognition systems.
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Sérée, Bastien. "Problèmes d'optimisation des les graphes paramétrés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0066.
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Nous considérons des graphes orientés pondérés dont l’énergie est paramétrée. Nous proposons dans un premier temps un algorithme qui, étant donné un graphe et un de ses sommets, renvoie des arbres, chaque arbre représentant les plus courtschemins depuis la source vers tous les autres sommets du graphe pour une zone particulière de l’espace des paramètres. De plus l’union de ces zones couvre l’espace des paramètres. Nous considérons ensuite l’accessibilité dans les graphes à énergie multidimensionnelle, avec un type de contraintes plus absolues qui imposent que l’énergie reste entre des bornes. Nous montrons la décidabilité et la complexité du problème quel que soit le nombre de paramètres et de dimensions lorsque les paramètres prennent des valeurs entières. Nous montrons également l’indécidabilité de ce problème avec au moins un paramètre lorsque la dimension est supérieure ou égale à deux. Nous étudions enfin des jeux de parité à un et deux joueurs sur les graphes paramétrés dont l’objectif est la conjonction d’une condition qualitative sur la parité et d’une condition quantitative : l’énergiedoit rester positive. Nous montrons la décidabilité et prouvons des bornes de la complexité du problème de la recherche d’une stratégie gagnante dans les cas à un et à deux joueursWe are considering weighted oriented graphs with parametrized energy. Firstly we propose an algorithm that, given a graph and one of its vertices, returns trees, every tree representing shortest-paths from the source to every other vertex for a particular zone of the parameter space. Moreover, union of these zones is a covering of the parameter space. Then we consider reachability in graphs with multi-dimensional energy, with stricter constraints that enforce the energy to stay between bounds. We prove decidabilty and complexity of this problem regardless of the dimension and the number of parameters when parameters take integer values. We alsoprove the undecidability of this problem when there is at least one parameter and the dimension is at least two. Finally we study paritygames on parametrized graphs with one and two players whose objective is the conjunction of a qualitative condition on the parity andquantitative one : energy must stay positive. We show the decidability and prove bounds on the complexity of the problem of searchinga winning strategy in both cases with one and two players
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Teo, Jason T. W. Information Technology & Electrical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Pareto multi-objective evolution of legged embodied organisms." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38682.
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The automatic synthesis of embodied creatures through artificial evolution has become a key area of research in robotics, artificial life and the cognitive sciences. However, the research has mainly focused on genetic encodings and fitness functions. Considerably less has been said about the role of controllers and how they affect the evolution of morphologies and behaviors in artificial creatures. Furthermore, the evolutionary algorithms used to evolve the controllers and morphologies are pre-dominantly based on a single objective or a weighted combination of multiple objectives, and a large majority of the behaviors evolved are for wheeled or abstract artifacts. In this thesis, we present a systematic study of evolving artificial neural network (ANN) controllers for the legged locomotion of embodied organisms. A virtual but physically accurate world is used to simulate the evolution of locomotion behavior in a quadruped creature. An algorithm using a self-adaptive Pareto multi-objective evolutionary optimization approach is developed. The experiments are designed to address five research aims investigating: (1) the search space characteristics associated with four classes of ANNs with different connectivity types, (2) the effect of selection pressure from a self-adaptive Pareto approach on the nature of the locomotion behavior and capacity (VC-dimension) of the ANN controller generated, (3) the effciency of the proposed approach against more conventional methods of evolutionary optimization in terms of computational cost and quality of solutions, (4) a multi-objective approach towards the comparison of evolved creature complexities, (5) the impact of relaxing certain morphological constraints on evolving locomotion controllers. The results showed that: (1) the search space is highly heterogeneous with both rugged and smooth landscape regions, (2) pure reactive controllers not requiring any hidden layer transformations were able to produce sufficiently good legged locomotion, (3) the proposed approach yielded competitive locomotion controllers while requiring significantly less computational cost, (4) multi-objectivity provided a practical and mathematically-founded methodology for comparing the complexities of evolved creatures, (5) co-evolution of morphology and mind produced significantly different creature designs that were able to generate similarly good locomotion behaviors. These findings attest that a Pareto multi-objective paradigm can spawn highly beneficial robotics and virtual reality applications.
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Ribeiro, Marco Tulio Correia. "Multi-objective pareto-efficient algorithms for recommender systems." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ESSA-9CHG5H.
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Recommender systems are quickly becoming ubiquitous in applications such as ecommerce, social media channels and content providers, acting as enabling mechanisms designed to overcome the information overload problem by improving browsing and consumption experience. A typical task in recommender systems is to output a ranked list of items, so that items placed higher in the rank are more likely to be interesting to the users. Interestingness measures include how accurate, novel and diverse the suggested items are, and the objective is usually to produce ranked lists optimizing one of these measures. Suggesting items that are simultaneously accurate, novel and diverse is much more challenging, since this may lead to a conflicting-objective problem, in which the attempt to improve a measure further may result in worsening other measures. In this thesis we propose new approaches for multi-objective recommender systems based on the concept of Pareto-efficiency -- a state achieved when the system is devised in the most efficient manner in the sense that there is no way to improve one of the objectives without making any other objective worse off. Given that existing recommendation algorithms differ in their level of accuracy, diversity and novelty, we exploit the Pareto-efficiency concept in two distinct manners: (i) the aggregation of ranked lists produced by existing algorithms into a single one, which we call Paretoefficient ranking, and (ii) the weighted combination of existing algorithms resulting in a hybrid one, which we call Pareto-efficient hybridization. Our evaluation involves two real application scenarios: music recommendation with implicit feedback (i.e., Last.fm) and movie recommendation with explicit feedback (i.e., MovieLens). We show that the proposed approaches are effective in optimizing each of the metrics without hurting the others, or optimizing all three simultaneously. Further, for the Pareto-efficient hybridization, we allow for adjusting the compromise between the metrics, so that the recommendation emphasis can be set dinamically according to the needs of different users.Sistemas de recomendação tem se tornado cada vez mais populares em aplicações como e-commerce, mídias sociais e provedores de conteúdo. Esses sistemas agem como mecanismos para lidar com o problema da sobrecarga de informação. Uma tarefa comum em sistemas de recomendação é a de ordenar um conjunto de itens, de forma que os itens no topo da lista sejam de interesse para os usuários. O conceito de interesse pode ser medido observando a acurácia, novidade e diversidade dos itens sugeridos. Geralmente, o objetivo de um sistema de recomendação é gerar listas ordenadas de forma a otimizar uma dessas métricas. Um problema mais difícil é tentar otimizar as três métricas (ou objetivos) simultaneamente, o que pode levar ao caso onde a tentativa de melhorar em uma das métricas pode piorar o resultado nas outras métricas. Neste trabalho, propomos novas abordagens para sistemas de recomendaççao multi-objetivo, baseadas no conceito de Eficiência de Pareto -- um estado obtido quando o sistema é de tal forma que não há como melhorar em algum objetivo sem piorar em outro objetivo. Dado que os algoritmos de recomendação existentes diferem em termos de acurácia, diversidade e novidade, exploramos o conceito de Eficiência de Pareto de duas formas distintas: (i) agregando listas ordenadas produzidas por algoritmos existentes de forma a obter uma lista única - abordagem que chamamos de ranking Pareto-eficiente, e (ii), a combinação linear ponderada de algoritmos existentes, resultado em um híbrido, abordagem que chamamos de hibridização Pareto-eficiente. Nossa avaliação envolve duas aplicações reais: recomendação de música com feedback implícito (i.e., Last.fm) e recomendação de filmes com feedback explícito (i.e., Movielens). Nós mostramos que as abordagens Pareto-eficientes são efetivas em recomendar items com bons niveis de acurácia, novidade e diversidade (simultaneamente), ou uma das métricas sem piorar as outras. Além disso, para a hibridização Pareto-eficiente, provemos uma forma de ajustar o compromisso entre acurácia, novidade e diversidade, de forma que a ênfase da recomendação possa ser ajustada dinamicamente para usuários diferentes.
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Ismaïli, Anisse. "Algorithms for Nash-equilibria in Agent Networks and for Pareto-efficiency in State Space Search : Generalizations to Pareto-Nash in Multiple Objective Games." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066148.
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Un agent est un élément qui décide une action. Par ce formalisme très général on peut aussi bien désigner deux enfants jouant à pierre-papier-ciseaux, des êtres humains choisissant des produits sur un marché, un logiciel de routage calculant un plus court chemin sur Internet pour transporter des informations sur des routes numériques encombrées, qu’une enchère combinatoire automatique pour vendre des liens commerciaux et rapportant des milliards à google. Les chercheurs en théorie de la décision algorithmique et en théorie des jeux algorithmique – des mathématiciens et informaticiens – aiment à penser que ces exemples concrets peuvent être modélisés au moyen de systèmes décisionnels rationnels, aussi complexe la réalité soit-elle. Les systèmes décisionnels modernes trouvent leur complexité dans plusieurs dimensions. D’une part, les préférences d’un agent peuvent être complexes à représenter avec de simples nombres réels, alors que de multiples objectifs conflictuels interviennent dans chaque décision. D’une autre part, les interactions entre agents font que les récompenses de chacun dépendent des actions de tous, rendant difficile la prédiction des actions individualistes résultantes. L’objet de cette thèse en théorie algorithmique des systèmes décisionnels interactifs (jeux) est de poursuivre des efforts de recherche menés sur ces deux sources de complexité, et in fine, de considérer les deux complexités dans un même modèleAn agent is an entity that decides an action. By using this abstraction, it is possible to model two children playing rock-paper-scissors, a software computing a shortest path on the internet for packet-routing on congest numerical networks, as well as an automatic combinatorial auction that sells commercial links in order to make google earn billions. The researchers in algorithmic decision theory and algorithmic game theory (mathematicians and computer scientists) like to think that these real-life examples can be modelled by mean of agents in an interaction decision system, no matter how complex is reality. The modern interactive decision systems find their complexity in multiple aspects. Firstly, the preferences of an agent can be complex to model with real numbers when there are multiple conflicting objectives resulting from every decision. Secondly, the interactions between agents are such that the payoff of every individual depends of the actions of all, making difficult the prediction of the resulting action-profile. This thesis aims at pursuing research efforts lead on these two sources of complexity, in order to consider ultimately both aspects in the same model
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Nordström, Peter. "Multi-objective optimization and Pareto navigation for voyage planning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-220338.
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The shipping industry is very large and ships require a substantial amount of fuel. However, fuel consumption is not the only concern. Time of arrival, safety concerns, distance travelled etc. are also of importance and these objectives might be inherently conflicting. This thesis aims to demonstrate multi-objective optimization and Pareto navigation for application in voyage planning. In order to perform this optimization, models of weather, ocean conditions, ship dynamics and propulsion system are needed. Statistical methods for estimation of resistance experienced in calm and rough sea are used. An earlier developed framework is adopted to perform the optimization and Pareto navigation. The results show that it is a suitable approach in voyage planning. A strength of the interactive Pareto navigation is the overview of the solution space presented to the decision maker and the control of the spread of the objective space. Another benefit is the possibilities of assigning specific values on objectives and setting thresholds in order to narrow down the solution space. The numerical results reinforces the trend of slow steaming to decrease fuel consumption.
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Zhong, Hongliang. "Bandit feedback in Classification and Multi-objective Optimization." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDM0004/document.
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Des problèmes de Bandit constituent une séquence d’allocation dynamique. D’une part, l’agent de système doit explorer son environnement ( à savoir des bras de machine) pour recueillir des informations; d’autre part, il doit exploiter les informations collectées pour augmenter la récompense. Comment d’équilibrer adéquatement la phase d’exploration et la phase d’exploitation, c’est une obscurité des problèmes de Bandit, et la plupart des chercheurs se concentrent des efforts sur les stratégies d’équilibration entre l’exploration et l’exploitation. Dans cette dissertation, nous nous concentrons sur l’étude de deux problèmes spécifiques de Bandit: les problèmes de Bandit contextuel et les problèmes de Bandit Multi- objectives. Cette dissertation propose deux aspects de contributions. La première concerne la classification sous la surveillance partielle, laquelle nous codons comme le problème de Bandit contextuel avec des informations partielles. Ce type des problèmes est abondamment étudié par des chercheurs, en appliquant aux réseaux sociaux ou systèmes de recommandation. Nous proposons une série d’algorithmes sur la base d’algorithme Passive-Aggressive pour résoudre des problèmes de Bandit contextuel. Nous profitons de sa fondations, et montrons que nos algorithmes sont plus simples à mettre en œuvre que les algorithmes en état de l’art. Ils réalisent des biens performances de classification. Pour des problèmes de Bandit Multi-objective (MOMAB), nous proposons une méthode motivée efficace et théoriquement à identifier le front de Pareto entre des bras. En particulier, nous montrons que nous pouvons trouver tous les éléments du front de Pareto avec un budget minimal dans le cadre de PAC borneBandit problems constitute a sequential dynamic allocation problem. The pulling agent has to explore its environment (i.e. the arms) to gather information on the one hand, and it has to exploit the collected clues to increase its rewards on the other hand. How to adequately balance the exploration phase and the exploitation phase is the crux of bandit problems and most of the efforts devoted by the research community from this fields has focused on finding the right exploitation/exploration tradeoff. In this dissertation, we focus on investigating two specific bandit problems: the contextual bandit problems and the multi-objective bandit problems. This dissertation provides two contributions. The first contribution is about the classification under partial supervision, which we encode as a contextual bandit problem with side informa- tion. This kind of problem is heavily studied by researchers working on social networks and recommendation systems. We provide a series of algorithms to solve the Bandit feedback problem that pertain to the Passive-Aggressive family of algorithms. We take advantage of its grounded foundations and we are able to show that our algorithms are much simpler to implement than state-of-the-art algorithms for bandit with partial feedback, and they yet achieve better perfor- mances of classification. For multi-objective multi-armed bandit problem (MOMAB), we propose an effective and theoretically motivated method to identify the Pareto front of arms. We in particular show that we can find all elements of the Pareto front with a minimal budget
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Cvetkovic, Dragan. "Evolutionary multi-objective decision support systems for conceptual design." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2328.
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In this thesis the problem of conceptual engineering design and the possible use of adaptive search techniques and other machine based methods therein are explored. For the multi-objective optimisation (MOO) within conceptual design problem, genetic algorithms (GA) adapted to MOO are used and various techniques explored: weighted sums, lexicographic order, Pareto method with and without ranking, VEGA-like approaches etc. Large number of runs are performed for findingZ Dth e optimal configuration and setting of the GA parameters. A novel method, weighted Pareto method is introduced and applied to a real-world optimisation problem. Decision support methods within conceptual engineering design framework are discussed and a new preference method developed. The preference method for translating vague qualitative categories (such as "more important 91 , 4m.9u ch less important' 'etc. ) into quantitative values (numbers) is based on fuzzy preferences and graph theory methods. Several applications of preferences are presented and discussed: * in weighted sum based optimisation methods; s in weighted Pareto method; * for ordering and manipulating constraints and scenarios; e for a co-evolutionary, distributive GA-based MOO method; The issue of complexity and sensitivity is addressed as well as potential generalisations of presented preference methods. Interactive dynamical constraints in the form of design scenarios are introduced. These are based on a propositional logic and a fairly rich mathematical language. They can be added, deleted and modified on-line during the design session without need for recompiling the code. The use of machine-based agents in conceptual design process is investigated. They are classified into several different categories (e. g. interface agents, search agents, information agents). Several different categories of agents performing various specialised task are developed (mostly dealing with preferences, but also some filtering ones). They are integrated with the conceptual engineering design system to form a closed loop system that includes both computer and designer. All thesed ifferent aspectso f conceptuale ngineeringd esigna re applied within Plymouth Engineering Design Centre / British Aerospace conceptual airframe design project.
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Amouzgar, Kaveh. "Multi-objective optimization using Genetic Algorithms." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Tekniska Högskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19851.
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In this thesis, the basic principles and concepts of single and multi-objective Genetic Algorithms (GA) are reviewed. Two algorithms, one for single objective and the other for multi-objective problems, which are believed to be more efficient are described in details. The algorithms are coded with MATLAB and applied on several test functions. The results are compared with the existing solutions in literatures and shows promising results. Obtained pareto-fronts are exactly similar to the true pareto-fronts with a good spread of solution throughout the optimal region. Constraint handling techniques are studied and applied in the two algorithms. Constrained benchmarks are optimized and the outcomes show the ability of algorithm in maintaining solutions in the entire pareto-optimal region. In the end, a hybrid method based on the combination of the two algorithms is introduced and the performance is discussed. It is concluded that no significant strength is observed within the approach and more research is required on this topic. For further investigation on the performance of the proposed techniques, implementation on real-world engineering applications are recommended.
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Amouzgar, Kaveh. "Metamodel based multi-objective optimization." Licentiate thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Produktutveckling - Simulering och optimering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28432.
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As a result of the increase in accessibility of computational resources and the increase in the power of the computers during the last two decades, designers are able to create computer models to simulate the behavior of a complex products. To address global competitiveness, companies are forced to optimize their designs and products. Optimizing the design needs several runs of computationally expensive simulation models. Therefore, using metamodels as an efficient and sufficiently accurate approximate of the simulation model is necessary. Radial basis functions (RBF) is one of the several metamodeling methods that can be found in the literature. The established approach is to add a bias to RBF in order to obtain a robust performance. The a posteriori bias is considered to be unknown at the beginning and it is defined by imposing extra orthogonality constraints. In this thesis, a new approach in constructing RBF with the bias to be set a priori by using the normal equation is proposed. The performance of the suggested approach is compared to the classic RBF with a posteriori bias. Another comprehensive comparison study by including several modeling criteria, such as problem dimension, sampling technique and size of samples is conducted. The studies demonstrate that the suggested approach with a priori bias is in general as good as the performance of RBF with a posteriori bias. Using the a priori RBF, it is clear that the global response is modeled with the bias and that the details are captured with radial basis functions. Multi-objective optimization and the approaches used in solving such problems are briefly described in this thesis. One of the methods that proved to be efficient in solving multi-objective optimization problems (MOOP) is the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA2). Multi-objective optimization of a disc brake system of a heavy truck by using SPEA2 and RBF with a priori bias is performed. As a result, the possibility to reduce the weight of the system without extensive compromise in other objectives is found. Multi-objective optimization of material model parameters of an adhesive layer with the aim of improving the results of a previous study is implemented. The result of the original study is improved and a clear insight into the nature of the problem is revealed.
Books on the topic "Parity objectives"
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Tridimas, George. The determination of government expenditures by party ideology and electoral objectives. Reading: Universityof Reading. Department of Economics, 1991.
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Tridimas, George. The determination of government expenditures by party ideology and electoral objectives. Reading, England: University of Reading, Dept. of Economics, 1991.
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Party, British National. A new way forward: The political objectives of the British National Party. Welling, Kent: BNP, 1985.
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(Wales), Working Party on Public Library Services. The report of a working party on public library services. Cardiff: The Council, 1988.
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1951-, Enright Marsha Familaro, ed. Ayn Rand explained: From tyranny to tea party. Chicago, IL: Open Court, 2013.
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Uhl, Siegfried. Die Pädagogik der Grünen: Vom Menschenbild zur Familien- und Schulpolitik. München: E. Reinhardt, 1990.
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Party, United National Independence. The national policies for the decade 1985-1995: Aims and objectives of the third phase of the Party programme. Lusaka: Office of the Secretary-General, 1985.
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Richard, Sakala, ed. A decade of the MMD: A review of the activities and attainments of the MMD government in relation to the objectives enumerated in the party manifesto. Lusaka, Zambia: Sentor Pub., 2001.
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Caporali, Enrica, and Atanasko Tuneski, eds. Towards a New Curriculum: The DEREC Experience. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-877-2.
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This volume presents the experience of developing a new undergraduate curriculum on "Environmental and Resources Engineering" at the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje in FYR Macedonia, in the framework of the TEMPUS CD_JEP_19028_2004 DEREC – Development of Environmental and Resources Engineering Curriculum (2005-2008). This publication describes the methodology, instruments and processes employed in the curriculum development. It is divided into two main parts. The first part describes the European Consortium approach (including papers from all representatives of Consortium Member institutions in the European Union and the external project experts). The second part describes the approach adopted by the various faculty representatives of the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje and the South East European University of Tetovo, in FYR Macedonia. This book is designed to serve as an updated, coherent and concrete set of instruments for the achievement of similar project objectives.
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Baglioni, Lorenzo Grifone, ed. Scegliere di partecipare. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-284-4.
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The study concentrates on aspects of juvenile participation in the Florentine territory, taking into consideration different forms of political engagement, from that of the traditional party type to that which is expressed through citizen movements and committees, through to the new forms of engaged governance. While the generational data appear to show signs of little emancipation, frequently involving lack of interest, egoism and refuge in a culture of dependence, the young activists – with their direct engagement – contribute to infuse new life into the dynamics of politics. The dimension of active citizenship has important repercussions on the political culture of young people and on their experience of society. Bringing to light the underlying reasons and the specific features is the objective of this work which explores in a qualitative sense one of the salient issues of the previous sample survey Una generazione che cambia. Civismo, solidarietà e nuove incertezze dei giovani della provincia di Firenze (Firenze University Press 2007) edited by the same author.
Book chapters on the topic "Parity objectives"
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Main, James C. A., Mickael Randour, and Jeremy Sproston. "Timed Games with Bounded Window Parity Objectives." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 165–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15839-1_10.
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Chatterjee, Krishnendu, and Laurent Doyen. "Games and Markov Decision Processes with Mean-Payoff Parity and Energy Parity Objectives." In Mathematical and Engineering Methods in Computer Science, 37–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25929-6_3.
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Mayr, Richard, Sven Schewe, Patrick Totzke, and Dominik Wojtczak. "Simple Stochastic Games with Almost-Sure Energy-Parity Objectives are in NP and coNP." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 427–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71995-1_22.
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AbstractWe study stochastic games with energy-parity objectives, which combine quantitative rewards with a qualitative $$\omega $$ ω -regular condition: The maximizer aims to avoid running out of energy while simultaneously satisfying a parity condition. We show that the corresponding almost-sure problem, i.e., checking whether there exists a maximizer strategy that achieves the energy-parity objective with probability 1 when starting at a given energy level k, is decidable and in $$\mathsf {NP}\cap \mathsf {coNP}$$ NP ∩ coNP . The same holds for checking if such a k exists and if a given k is minimal.
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Teich, Jürgen. "Pareto-Front Exploration with Uncertain Objectives." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 314–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44719-9_22.
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Pardalos, Panos M., Antanas Žilinskas, and Julius Žilinskas. "Visualization of a Set of Pareto Optimal Decisions." In Non-Convex Multi-Objective Optimization, 139–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61007-8_9.
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Miettinen, Kaisa. "Graphical Illustration of Pareto Optimal Solutions." In Multi-Objective Programming and Goal Programming, 197–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36510-5_27.
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Li, Jinlong, and Mingying Yan. "Pareto Partial Dominance on Two Selected Objectives MOEA on Many-Objective 0/1 Knapsack Problems." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 365–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11857-4_42.
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Parfit, Derek. "Objectivism about reasons* Objectivism about reasons Derek Parfit." In The Routledge Handbook of Practical Reason, edited by Ruth Chang, 295–306. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge handbooks in philosophy: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429266768-26.
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Isac, G. "The Ekeland’s Principle and the Pareto ε-Efficiency." In Multi-Objective Programming and Goal Programming, 148–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87561-8_12.
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Sultan, A. M., and A. B. Templeman. "Generation of Pareto Solutions by Entropy-Based Methods." In Multi-Objective Programming and Goal Programming, 164–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87561-8_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Parity objectives"
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Kiefer, Stefan, Richard Mayr, Mahsa Shirmohammadi, and Dominik Wojtczakz. "Parity objectives in countable MDPs." In 2017 32nd Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lics.2017.8005100.
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Mayr, Richard, Sven Schewe, Patrick Totzke, and Dominik Wojtczak. "MDPs with energy-parity objectives." In 2017 32nd Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lics.2017.8005131.
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Svoreňová, Mária, Martin Chmelík, Kevin Leahy, Hasan Ferit Eniser, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Ivana Černá, and Calin Belta. "Temporal logic motion planning using POMDPs with parity objectives." In HSCC '15: 18th International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2728606.2728617.
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Magomedov, D. M. "Compound sentences with connecting unions in Dagestan languages." In SCIENCE OF RUSSIA: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. L-Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-12-2020-20.
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The semantic connection between the parts of a complex sentence is determined by the unions by which they are connected. In the Dagestan languages, there are three types of creative conjunctions: connecting, separating, adversary. Parts of compound sentences are equal. The union is not included in any of the predicative parts. Compound sentences, parts of which are connected by connecting unions, can convey different semantic meanings between parts, namely: simultaneity, sequence of actions, as well as the meanings of cause and effect. Such proposals are very common in Dagestani.
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Grari, Vincent, Sylvain Lamprier, and Marcin Detyniecki. "Fairness without the Sensitive Attribute via Causal Variational Autoencoder." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/98.
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In recent years, most fairness strategies in machine learning have focused on mitigating unwanted biases by assuming that the sensitive information is available. However, in practice this is not always the case: due to privacy purposes and regulations such as RGPD in EU, many personal sensitive attributes are frequently not collected. Yet, only a few prior works address the issue of mitigating bias in such a difficult setting, in particular to meet classical fairness objectives such as Demographic Parity and Equalized Odds. By leveraging recent developments for approximate inference, we propose in this paper an approach to fill this gap. To infer a sensitive information proxy, we introduce a new variational auto-encoding-based framework named SRCVAE that relies on knowledge of the underlying causal graph. The bias mitigation is then done in an adversarial fairness approach. Our proposed method empirically achieves significant improvements over existing works in the field. We observe that the generated proxy’s latent space correctly recovers sensitive information and that our approach achieves a higher accuracy while obtaining the same level of fairness on two real datasets.
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Unal, Mehmet, Gordon P. Warn, and Timothy W. Simpson. "Quantifying the Shape of a Pareto Front in Support of Many-Objective Trade Space Exploration." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59716.
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Complex design optimization problems typically include many conflicting objectives, and the resulting trade space is comprised of numerous design solutions. To efficiently explore a many-objective trade space, form preferences, and select a final design, one must identify and negotiate tradeoffs between multiple, often conflicting, objectives. Identifying conflicting objective pairs allows decision-makers to concentrate on these objectives when selecting preferred designs from the non-dominated solution set, i.e., the Pareto front. Techniques exist to identify and visualize tradeoffs between these conflicting objectives to support trade space exploration; however, these techniques do not quantify, or differentiate, the shape of the Pareto front, which might be useful information for a decision-maker. More specifically, designers could gain insight from the degree of diminishing returns among solutions on the Pareto front, which can be used to understand the extent of the tradeoffs in the problem. Therefore, the shape of the Pareto front could be used to prioritize exploration of conflicting objective pairs. In this paper, we introduce a novel index that quantifies the shape of the Pareto front to provide information about the degree of diminishing returns. The aim of the index is to help designers gain insight into the underlying tradeoffs in a many-objective optimization problem and support trade space exploration by prioritizing the negotiation of conflicting objectives. The proposed Pareto Shape Index is based on analytical geometry and derived from the coordinates of the Pareto solutions in the n objective trade space. The utility of the Pareto Shape Index in differentiating diminishing returns between conflicting objectives is demonstrated by application to an eight-objective benchmark optimization problem.
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Andersson, Johan, and Marcus Redhe. "Response Surface Methods and Pareto Optimization in Crashworthiness Design." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dac-48752.
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This paper presents a method where a multi objective optimization technique is used together with response surface methods in order to support crashworthiness design. As in most engineering design problems there are several conflicting objectives that have to be considered when formulating a design problem as an optimization problem. Here this is exemplified by the desire to minimize the intrusion into the passenger compartment area and simultaneously obtain low maximum acceleration during vehicle impact. These two objectives are naturally conflicting, since low maximum acceleration implies large intrusion. The contribution of this paper is to show a successful application of a set of existing methods to solve a real world engineering problem. The paper also presents methods of illustrating the results obtained from the multi-objective optimization.
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Qu, B. Y., and P. N. Suganthan. "Multi-objective differential evolution based on the summation of normalized objectives and improved selection method." In 2011 IEEE Symposium On Differential Evolution - Part Of 17273 - 2011 Ssci. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sde.2011.5952065.
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Eddy, John, and Kemper Lewis. "Effective Generation of Pareto Sets Using Genetic Programming." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dac-21094.
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Abstract Many designers concede that there is typically more than one measure of performance for an artifact. Often, a large system is decomposed into smaller subsystems each having its own set of objectives, constraints, and parameters. The performance of the final design is a function of the performances of the individual subsystems. It then becomes necessary to consider the tradeoffs that occur in a multi-objective design problem. The complete solution to a multi-objective optimization problem is the entire set of non-dominated configurations commonly referred to as the Pareto set. Common methods of generating points along a Pareto frontier involve repeated conversion of multi-objective problems into single objective problems using weights. These methods have been shown to perform poorly when attempting to populate a Pareto frontier. This work presents an efficient means of generating a thorough spread of points along a Pareto frontier using genetic programming.
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Jin, Yaochu. "Pareto-based Multi-Objective Machine Learning." In 7th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichis.2007.4344015.
Full textReports on the topic "Parity objectives"
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Woods, Rachel, Alison Zhong, and Madelyn Vincent. Factors Associated with Influenza & Tdap Vaccine Uptake in Pregnant Patients at the UT Family Medicine Clinic in Memphis. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/com.lsp.2020.0003.
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INTRODUCTION: Given the increased risk for infections among pregnant patients and newborns, vaccination against influenza (>50,000,000 annual US cases affecting all ages) and pertussis (>15,000 annual US cases disproportionately affecting newborns) are recommended among pregnant patients in order to protect them and their babies via passive immunity to cover a newborn’s window of vaccine ineligibility. Though flu and Tdap vaccination rates among pregnant patients have been trending upwards nationally, there is still room for improvement to achieve optimal rates. OBJECTIVES: The primary objectives were to study factors that affect the vaccination rates at the University of Tennessee Family Medicine Clinic at Memphis (UTFMC-M), compare those rates with national pregnancy flu/Tdap vaccination rates, and to generate recommendations based off observed factors associated with vaccine uptake to improve flu/Tdap vaccination rates in UTFMC-M pregnant patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of UTFMC-M patients who were pregnant from September 1, 2019-April 24, 2020 (included 2019-2020 flu season) (n=465). Variables studied included demographic data (race, age, insurance), immunization history (vaccine status, history of physician encouragement), and prenatal history (parity, number of prenatal visits, trimester at first visit, high risk clinic (HRC) admittance status). Vaccination status was based on ACIP recommendations (Flu shot eligible = any gestational age; Tdap eligible = ≥27 weeks). Positive HRC admittance was noted for patients with ≥2 visits to the UTFMC-M HRC, a clinic that specializes in high risk pregnant patient care. RESULTS: The patient sample was predominantly black (84.3%) and insured by Medicaid programs (88%). Among eligible UTFMC-M pregnant patients, 50.1% were flu-vaccinated (n=465); 73.8% were Tdap-vaccinated (n=317); and 52.1% were Flu+Tdap-vaccinated (n=317). No significant associations were found between vaccine uptake and HRC status, parity, and age. However, statistically significant relationships were found between vaccine uptake and physician encouragement (positive relationship with flu shot: X2(1, N = 465) =131, p < 0.001, Tdap: X2 (6, N = 465) =476, p < 0.001), number of prenatal visits (flu shot group median 8 visits, Tdap group median 9 visits vs. unvaccinated group median 4 visits; p < 0.001), and early trimester age at first prenatal visit (X2(6, N = 465) =47.635 , p CONCLUSION: 2019-2020 UTFMC-M vaccination rates were on par with 2018-2019 US flu vaccine rates and higher than 2018-2019 US Tdap and Flu+Tdap rates. There were statistically significant relationships between vaccine uptake at UTFMC-M and physician encouragement, number of prenatal visits, and early trimester age at first prenatal visit but no significant relationships with UTFMC-M HRC admittance, parity, or age. Recommendations following from our observations to address further vaccine rate improvement include: continue vaccine encouragement, continue booking multiple visits (8 for flu, 9 for Tdap), prioritize Tdap vaccine higher for late trimester intake patients, and focus on flu vaccine encouragement and education.
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Elsbernd, Amanda J., Anna K. Johnson, Kenneth J. Stalder, Robert F. Fitzgerald, Locke A. Karriker, Steven J. Hoff, and Gang Sun. Designing an Objective Static Force Plate to Measure Severity of Lameness in Multi-Parity Sows. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-274.
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Weller, Joel I., Ignacy Misztal, and Micha Ron. Optimization of methodology for genomic selection of moderate and large dairy cattle populations. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594404.bard.
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The main objectives of this research was to detect the specific polymorphisms responsible for observed quantitative trait loci and develop optimal strategies for genomic evaluations and selection for moderate (Israel) and large (US) dairy cattle populations. A joint evaluation using all phenotypic, pedigree, and genomic data is the optimal strategy. The specific objectives were: 1) to apply strategies for determination of the causative polymorphisms based on the “a posteriori granddaughter design” (APGD), 2) to develop methods to derive unbiased estimates of gene effects derived from SNP chips analyses, 3) to derive optimal single-stage methods to estimate breeding values of animals based on marker, phenotypic and pedigree data, 4) to extend these methods to multi-trait genetic evaluations and 5) to evaluate the results of long-term genomic selection, as compared to traditional selection. Nearly all of these objectives were met. The major achievements were: The APGD and the modified granddaughter designs were applied to the US Holstein population, and regions harboring segregating quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for all economic traits of interest. The APGD was able to find segregating QTL for all the economic traits analyzed, and confidence intervals for QTL location ranged from ~5 to 35 million base pairs. Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for milk production traits in the Israeli Holstein population were computed by the single-step method and compared to results for the two-step method. The single-step method was extended to derive GEBV for multi-parity evaluation. Long-term analysis of genomic selection demonstrated that inclusion of pedigree data from previous generations may result in less accurate GEBV. Major conclusions are: Predictions using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) were the least biased, and that method appears to be the best tool for genomic evaluation of a small population, as it automatically accounts for parental index and allows for inclusion of female genomic information without additional steps. None of the methods applied to the Israeli Holstein population were able to derive GEBV for young bulls that were significantly better than parent averages. Thus we confirm previous studies that the main limiting factor for the accuracy of GEBV is the number of bulls with genotypes and progeny tests. Although 36 of the grandsires included in the APGD were genotyped for the BovineHDBeadChip, which includes 777,000 SNPs, we were not able to determine the causative polymorphism for any of the detected QTL. The number of valid unique markers on the BovineHDBeadChip is not sufficient for a reasonable probability to find the causative polymorphisms. Complete resequencing of the genome of approximately 50 bulls will be required, but this could not be accomplished within the framework of the current project due to funding constraints. Inclusion of pedigree data from older generations in the derivation of GEBV may result is less accurate evaluations.
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Fernandez, Ruben, Hernando Lugo, and Georfe Dulikravich. Aerodynamic Shape Multi-Objective Optimization for SAE Aero Design Competition Aircraft. Florida International University, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.009778.
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The SAE Regular Class Aero Design Competition requires students to design a radio-controlled aircraft with limits to the aircraft power consumption, take-off distance, and wingspan, while maximizing the amount of payload it can carry. As a result, the aircraft should be designed subject to these simultaneous and contradicting objectives: 1) minimize the aerodynamic drag force, 2) minimize the aerodynamic pitching moment, and 3) maximize the aerodynamic lift force. In this study, we optimized the geometric design variables of a biplane configuration using 3D aerodynamic analysis using the ANSYS Fluent. Coefficients of lift, drag, and pitching moment were determined from the completed 3D CFD simulations. Extracted coefficients were used in modeFRONTIER multi-objective optimization software to find a set of non-dominated (Pareto-optimal or best trade-off) optimized 3D aircraft shapes from which the winner was selected based to the desired plane performance.
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Stock, Joseph D., Julia A. Calderón Díaz, Max F. Rothschild, Benny E. Mote, and Kenneth J. Stalder. Phenotypic and Genetic Associations of Objectively Evaluated Replacement Female Feet and Leg Joint Conformation at Selection and Post First Parity. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-396.
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Hansen, Peter J., Zvi Roth, and Jeremy J. Block. Improving oocyte competence in dairy cows exposed to heat stress. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598163.bard.
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Original Objectives. The overall goal is to develop methods to increase pregnancy rate in lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress through methods that minimize damage to the oocyte and embryo caused by heat stress. Objectives were as follows: (1) examine the protective effects of melatonin on developmental competence of oocytes exposed to elevated temperature in vitro; (2) test whether melatonin feeding can improve developmental competence of oocytes in vivo and, if so, whether effects are limited to the summer or also occur in the absence of heat stress; and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of improving fertility by facilitating follicular turnover in the summer and winter. Revised Objectives. (1) Examine protective effects of melatonin and follicular fluid on developmental competence of oocytes exposed to elevated temperature in vitro; (2) examine the protective effects of melatonin on developmental competence of embryos exposed to elevated temperature in vitro; (3) evaluate effectiveness of improving fertility by administering human chorionicgonadotropin (hCG) to increase circulating concentrations of progesterone and evaluate whether response to hCG depends upon genotype for four mutations reported to be related to cow fertility; and (4) identify genes with allelic variants that increase resistance of embryos to heat shock. Background. The overall hypothesis is that pregnancy success is reduced by heat stress because of damage to the oocyte and cleavage-stage embryo mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that fertility can be improved by provision of antioxidants or by removing follicles containing oocytes damaged by heat stress. During the study, additional evidence from the literature indicated the potential importance of treatment with chorionicgonadotropin to increase fertility of heat- stressed cows and results from other studies in our laboratories implicated genotype as an important determinant of cow fertility. Thus, the project was expanded to evaluate hCG treatment and to identify whether fertility response to hCG depended upon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes implicated as important for cow fertility. We also evaluated whether a SNP in a gene important for cellular resistance to heat stress (HSPA1L, a member of the heat shock protein 70 family) is important for embryonic resistance to elevated temperature. Major conclusions, solutions & achievements. Results confirmed that elevated temperature increases ROS production by the oocyte and embryo and that melatonin decreases ROS. Melatonin reduced, but did not completely block, damaging effects of heat shock on the oocyte and had no effect on development of the embryo. Melatonin was protective to the oocyte at 0.1-1 μM, a concentration too high to be achieved in cows. It was concluded that melatonin is unlikely to be a useful molecule for increasing fertility of heat-stressed cows. Treatment with hCG at day 5 after breeding increased first-service pregnancy rate for primiparous cows but not for multiparous cows. Thus, hCG could be useful for increasing fertility in first-parity cows. The effectiveness of hCG depended upon genotype for a SNP in COQ9, a gene encoding for a mitochondrial-function protein. This result points the way to future efforts to use genetic information to identify populations of cows for which hormone treatments will be effective or ineffective. The SNP in HSPA1L was related to embryonic survival after heat shock. Perhaps, genetic selection for mutations that increase cellular resistance to heat shock could be employed to reduce effects of heat stress on fertility. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. This project has resulted in abandonment of one possible approach to improve fertility of the heat-stressed cow (melatonin therapy) while also leading to a method for improving fertility of primiparous cows exposed to heat stress (hCG treatment) that can be implemented on farms today. Genetic studies have pointed the way to using genetic information to 1) tailor hormonal treatments to cow populations likely to respond favorably and 2) select animals whose embryos have superior resistance to elevated body temperatures.
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Provenza, Frederick, Avi Perevolotsky, and Nissim Silanikove. Consumption of Tannin-Rich Forage by Ruminants: From Mechanism to Improved Performance. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695840.bard.
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Trees and shrubs are potentially important sources of food for livestock in many parts of the world, but their use is limited by tannins. Tannins reduce food intake by decreasing digestibility or by causing illness. Supplementing cattle, sheep, and goats with polyethylene glycol (PEG), which has a high affinity for binding tannins and thus attenuating their aversive effects, increases intake of high-tannin foods and improves weight gains and wool growth. The objectives of this proposal were: Objective 1: To further delineate the conditions under which PEG affects intake of high-tannin foods. Objective 2: To ascertain if animals self-regulate intake of PEG in accord with the tannin content of their diet under pen, paddock, and field conditions. Objective 3: To determine how nutritional status and PEG supplementation affect preference for foods varying in nutrients and tannins. Objective 4: To assess the effects of PEG on food selection, intake, and livestock performance in different production systems. The results from this research show that supplementing livestock with low doses of PEG increases intake of high-tannin foods and improves performance of cattle, sheep, and goats. Neutralizing the effects of tannins with supplemental PEG promotes the use of woody species usually considered useless as forage resources. Supplementing animals with PEG has the potential to improve the profitability - mainly milk production - of high-yielding dairy goats fed high-quality foods and supplemented with browse in Mediterranean areas. However, its contribution to production systems utilizing low-yielding goats is limited. Our findings also support the notion that supplemental PEG enhances the ability of livestock to control shrub encroachment and to maintain firebreaks. However, our work also suggests that the effectiveness of supplemental PEG may be low if alternative forages are equal or superior in nutritional quality and contain fewer metabolites with adverse effects.
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Gregersen, Hans, Hosny El-Lakany, and Alain Frechette. Forests, Forest People, and UN 2030 Agenda’s Ethical Mandate: “LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND”. Rights and Resources Initiative, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/ynzm8033.
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The contributions of the forest, trees outside forests, and agroforestry sector (FTA) are crucial for achieving the United Nation’s (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development fairly and inclusively. This paper reviews FTA sector contributions to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda—both individually and collectively—in the specific context of the development and well-being of the more isolated Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPLCs) that are part of the explicit “leave no one behind” commitment expressed in the Agenda. The discussion is divided into four parts. Part One lays out the paper’s objectives, scope, and background. Part Two discusses how the FTA sector, working with and through other sectors, contributes to achieving the interconnected SDGs. It provides evidence of the breadth and strength of the FTA sector’s contributions across the SDGs to sustainable development. Part Three focuses on the prerequisites for strengthening the ability of IPLCs to sustainably use their forests to meet their livelihood needs and support their own sustainable development goals and approaches. Part Four provides conclusions and implications for the way forward in the context of achieving UN Agenda 2030.
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Lai, Sharon, Kevin Lane, and Laura Nunn. The Term Funding Facility: Has It Encouraged Business Lending? Reserve Bank of Australia, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rdp2022-07.
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The Reserve Bank of Australia's Term Funding Facility (TFF) was announced in March 2020 as part of a package of policy measures to support the Australian economy. It achieved a key objective of providing banks with three-year low-cost funding and was available for drawdown until 30 June 2021. This paper examines the effectiveness of the TFF in increasing the supply of credit to businesses, which was another one of the objectives of the program. Using bank-level data and a difference-in-differences approach, we find no statistically significant evidence that the TFF increased credit supply to businesses. However, our confidence intervals are wide and there are significant identification challenges involved in disentangling the effects of the TFF from the effects of pandemic-related disruptions and other policy interventions on credit supply and demand. Nonetheless, the TFF provided an assured source of funding at a time of considerable stress in the financial system and lowered banks' funding costs, and any effects on business lending via these channels may not be fully reflected in our results.
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Yermiyahu, Uri, Thomas Kinraide, and Uri Mingelgrin. Role of Binding to the Root Surface and Electrostatic Attraction in the Uptake of Heavy Metal by Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7586482.bard.
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The principal accomplishment of the research supported by BARD was progress toward a comprehensive view of cell-surface electrical effects (both in cell walls [CWs] and at plasma membrane [PM] surfaces) upon ion uptake, intoxication, and amelioration. The research confirmed that electrostatic models (e.g., Gouy-Chapman-Stern [G-C-S]), with parameter values contributed by us, successfully predict ion behavior at cell surfaces. Specific research objectives 1. To characterize the sorption of selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) to the root PM in the presence of other cations and organic ligands (citric and humic acids). 2. To compute the parameters of a G-C-S model for heavy-metal sorption to the root PM. 3. To characterize the accumulation of selected heavy metals in various plant parts. 4. To determine whether model-computed ion binding or ion activities at root PM surfaces predict heavy-metal accumulation in whole roots, root tips, or plant shoots. 5. To determine whether measured ion binding by protoplast-free roots (i.e., root CWs) predicts heavy-metal accumulation in whole roots, root tips, or plant shoots. 6. To correlate growth inhibition, and other toxic responses, with the measured and computed factors mentioned above. 7. To determine whether genotypic differences in heavy-metal accumulation and toxic responses correlate with genotypic differences in parameters of the G-C-S model. Of the original objectives, all except for objective 7 were met. Work performed to meet the other objectives, and necessitated on the basis of experimental findings, took the time that would have been required to meet objective 7. In addition, work with Pb was unsuccessful due to experimental complications and work on Cd is still in progress. On the other hand, the uptake and toxicity of the anion, selenate was characterized with respect to electrostatic effects and the influences of metal cations. In addition, the project included more theoretical work, supported by experimentation, than was originally planned. This included transmembrane ion fluxes considered in terms of PM-surface electrical potentials and the influence of CWs upon ion concentrations at PM surfaces. A important feature of the biogeochemistry of trace elements in the rhizosphere is the interaction between plant-root surfaces and the ions present in the soil solution. The ions, especially the cations, of the soil solution may be accumulated in the aqueous phases of cell surfaces external to the PMs, sometimes referred to as the "water free space" and the "Donnan free space". In addition, ions may bind to the CW components or to the PM surface with variable binding strength. Accumulation at the cell surface often leads to accumulation in other plant parts with implications for the safety and quality of foods. A G-C-S model for PMs and a Donnan-plus-binding model for CWs were used successfully to compute electrical potentials, ion binding, and ion concentration at root-cell surfaces. With these electrical potentials, corresponding values for ion activities may be computed that are at least proportional to actual values also. The computed cell-surface ion activities predict and explain ion uptake, intoxication, and amelioration of intoxication much more accurately than ion activities in the bulk-phase rooting medium.