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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

MARTIN, MICHÈLE, and CHRISTOPHER BODNAR. "The illustrated press under siege: technological imagination in the Paris siege, 1870–1871." Urban History 36, no. 1 (May 2009): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926808005981.

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ABSTRACTDuring the Franco-Prussian War, Paris was besieged by the Prussians from the middle of September 1870 until the end of January 1871. During most of the period, the main means of transportation – railways, roads, telegraph, bridges, etc. – were cut off by the Prussians. This article shows that, given the elimination of the main means of diffusion of news, some novel strategies were used to preserve a democratic distribution of information. An analysis of the content of four illustrated periodicals – The Illustrated London News and The Graphic in London and L'Illustration and Le Monde Illustré in Paris – shows that innovative methods involving such things as the balloon and the carrier pigeon were used to circulate news inside and outside the fortifications of Paris and beyond the surrounding Prussian army. The article also demonstrates that while this distribution had a different form from that occurring in normal situations, it did not prevent the papers from reaching a balance among the various issues related to the war and covered by their content.

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2

De Oliveira, Patrick Luiz Sullivan. "Martyrs made in the sky: the Zénith balloon tragedy and the construction of the French Third Republic's first scientific heroes." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 74, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2019.0022.

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Following the balloon's invention in 1783, the French greeted the technology with enthusiasm, speculating extensively about its potential scientific and practical applications. However, the lack of progress in navigating against the winds discredited ballooning, and in the following decades it became the domain of spectacular forms of entertainment and of swindlers trying to defraud public subscriptions. All of this changed after the 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War, during which balloons were used to breach the siege of Paris. This essay explores how the aeronautical community, led by the recently established Société Française de Navigation Aérienne, mobilized the memory of the war to transform the balloon into a symbol of a heroic republican science. Paramount in that process was the Zénith 's 1875 high-altitude ascent that killed two aeronauts—Joseph Crocé-Spinelli and Théodore Sivel. The tragedy reverberated beyond France's scientific community, and through popular acclaim the two aeronauts became the Third Republic's first scientific martyrs, anticipating the eventual apotheoses of figures like Claude Bernard and Louis Pasteur. The ballooning revival in the last third of the century helped strengthen the association between France and aeronautics, thus setting the stage for the country to acquire a central position in the field by the early twentieth century.

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3

Rudelle, Odile. "Jules Ferry et le modèle américain." Tocqueville Review 17, no. 1 (January 1996): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.17.1.193.

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Il y a peut-être une gageure à vouloir confronter l’œuvre de Jules Ferry, homme d’état républicain de la Fin du XIXe siècle, à un « Modèle américain », qui avait été plus en vogue au début du siècle. A la différence de Chateaubriand ou Tocqueville. Jules Ferry qui a été un grand voyageur en Europe ou en Afrique du Nord, n’a pas traversé l’Atlantique. Pire encore, quand il en a eu l’occasion, en 1872, il l’a refusée. En effet, pour le reposer de la double tragédie du Siège et de la Commune de Paris où il avait failli perdre la vie. Monsieur Thiers lui avait proposé un poste d’ambassadeur à Washington. C’est Athènes qu’il préféra, tant l’Amérique lui paraissait lointaine, éloignée des « grandes affaires », où se jouait le destin de l’Europe des nouvelles nationalités. A l’heure des guerres balkaniques, il préférait se rapprocher de Constantinople et des grandes cours européennes où, après le désastre de Sedan et la chute de l’Empire, il espérait pouvoir œuvrer en faveur de la bonne la réputation d’une France républicaine, devenue paisible.

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4

Castro Redondo, Rubén. "La conflictividad por servidumbres en los procesos judiciales de la Real Audiencia de Galicia en la Edad Moderna." Vínculos de Historia. Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 8 (June 20, 2019): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2019.08.16.

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RESUMENLa sociedad gallega del Antiguo Régimen fue esencialmente conflictiva, hecho que ha sido probado en numerosas publicaciones en los últimos años. El presente artículo trata de analizar una parte de esta realidad social a través de los litigios que la Real Audiencia de Galicia atendió por razón de servidumbres, las cuales podían ser, según el elemento al que se refiriesen, de paso, de agua y de luces y ventanas. Estas figuras jurídicas redistribuían derechos y deberes al margen de la propiedad privada, por lo que aunque su fundamento no se discutía, como habitualmente ocurrió, sí se discutió la forma en que debían establecerse.PALABRAS CLAVE: Edad Moderna, conflictividad social, servidumbre de paso, servidumbre de agua, servidumbre de luces y ventanas.ABSTRACTGalician society during Early Modern History was essentially conflictive, as many studies have demonstrated in recent years. This paper seeks to analyse a part of this social reality through the litigation that the Royal Court of Galicia considered by reason of easements, which could be, according to the element to which they refer, on rights of way, water, lights and windows. These legal instruments redistributed rights and duties beyond private property, so if their basis was not generally discussed, there was debate over how they should be established.KEYWORDS: Early Modern History, social conflict, access easement, water easement, light and air easement. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAlegre Maceira, C., Dar e concordar no Ulla no século XVIII, A Coruña, Diputación provincial de A Coruña, 2009.Bouhier, A., La Galice: essai geographique d’analyse et d’interpretation d’un vieux complexe agraire, La Roche-sur-Yon, 1979.Candal González, X. M., “Pleitos de aguas en la audiencia coruñesa durante el siglo XVIII”, Obradoiro de Historia Moderna, 2 (1993), pp. 85-103.Cardesín, J. M., Tierra, trabajo y reproducción social en una aldea gallega (s. XVIII – XX): muerte de unos, vida de otros, Madrid, Ministerio de Agricultura, 1992.Castro Redondo, R., La conflictividad vecinal en la Galicia de fines del Antiguo Régimen: los conflictos por medidas y límites (Tesis Doctoral Inédita), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 2016.Fernández Vega, L., La Real Audiencia de Galicia, órgano de gobierno en el Antiguo Régimen, A Coruña, Diputación de A Coruña, 1982.González Fernández, X. M., Bouzas y otros juzgados gallegos del siglo XVIII: la conflictividad judicial ordinaria en la Galicia atlántica (1670-1820), Vigo, Instituto de Estudios Vigueses, 1997.Goubert, P., Beauvais et le Beauvaisis de 1600 á 1730 : contribution á l’histoire sociale de la France du XVIIe siècle, París, l’École des Hautes Études, 1960.Herbella de Puga, B., Derecho práctico i estilos de la Real Audiencia de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Imprenta de Ignacio Aguayo, 1768.Iglesias Estepa, R., “La conflictividad ‘sorda’: un estudio sobre la criminalidad a finales del Antiguo Régimen”, Obradoiro de Historia Moderna, 10 (2001), p. 247-273.Jacquart, J., La crise rurale en Île-de-France, 1550-1670, Paris, A. Colin, 1974.Kagan, R., Pleitos y pleiteantes en Castilla (1500-1700), Junta de Castilla y León: Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 1991.Las Siete Partidas del Rey don Alfonso el Sabio, cotejadas con varios códices antiguos por la Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid, 1807.López Gómez, P., La Real Audiencia de Galicia y el Archivo del Reino, Santiago de Compostela, Xunta de Galicia, 1996.Mantecón Movellán, T. A., Conflictividad y disciplinamiento social en la Cantabria rural del Antiguo Régimen, Santander, Universidad de Cantabria, 1997.Ortego Gil, P., “La fuente limpia de la justicia: la Real Audiencia de Galicia”, en Die Höchstgerichtsbarkeit im ZeitalterKarls V: Eine vergleichende Betrachtung, Baden Baden, Nomos, 2011, pp. 177-264.Pacheco, F. L., Las servidumbres pradiales en el derecho histórico español, Lleida, Pagès Editors, 1991.Pacheco, F. L., “Fueros y Partidas: algunas páginas más sobre servidumbres”, Initium: Revista catalana d’historia del dret, 6, 2001, pp. 285-305.Pérez García, J. M., “Entre regar y no regar: la intensa disputa por unos recursos hídricos colectivos escasos en la Galicia meridional (1600-1850)”, en F. J. ArandaPérez (coord.), El mundo rural en la España moderna, Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 2004, pp. 555-572.Rey Castelao, O., Montes y política forestal en la Galicia del Antiguo Régimen, Santiago de Compostela, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 1995.Rey Castelao, O., “La lucha por el agua en el país de la lluvia (Galicia, siglos XVI-XIX)”, Vínculos de Historia, 1 (2012), pp. 45-72.Saavedra Fernández, P., “El agua en el sistema agropecuario de Galicia”, en A. Marcos Martín (coord.), Agua y sociedad en la época moderna, Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, Instituto Universitario Simancas, 2009, pp. 49-72.Saavedra Fernández, P., “Servidumbres y limitaciones de dominio en el sistema agropecuario de Galicia”, en Historia de la propiedad: servidumbres y limitaciones de dominio, Madrid, Servicio de Estudios del Colegio de Registradores, 2009, pp. 351-388.Torijano Pérez, E., “El agua como bien privativo (de las Partidas al Código Civil)”, en A. Marcos Martín (coord.), Agua y sociedad en la época moderna, Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, 2009, pp. 73-86.

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5

Jackson, Peter, and Robert Young. "Under Siege: Portraits of Civilian Life in France during World War One." Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire, no. 78 (April 2003): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3772588.

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6

Wright, Alastair, Hollis Clayson, Arden Reed, and Jennifer L. Shaw. "Paris in Despair: Art and Everyday Life under Siege (1870-1871)." Art Bulletin 86, no. 3 (September 2004): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4134450.

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7

Lenhard, Philipp. "Zwischen Berlin und Paris." Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 73, no. 1 (January 24, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700739-07301003.

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For Hegel’s German-Jewish disciples, the French Revolution marked the starting point of a history of freedom, which was to include legal and political emancipation. In many cases, however, the experiences of German-Jewish migrants in Paris were disappointing. The philosophical idea of “France” was not to be confused with its political reality. Nevertheless, the image of France served as a critical antithesis to the political situation in Germany throughout the 1820 and 1830s. The article discusses the impact of France on the political concepts of Jewish Hegelians with a focus on the jurist and political philosopher Eduard Gans.

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8

Smith, Stephen W. "France in Africa: A New Chapter?" Current History 112, no. 754 (May 1, 2013): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2013.112.754.163.

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9

Gouveia, William A. "International history of pharmacy meeting held in Paris, France." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 53, no. 6 (March 15, 1996): 675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/53.6.675.

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10

White. "Is Paris Burning? Touring America's “Good War” in France." History and Memory 27, no. 2 (2015): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.27.2.74.

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11

Cowans, Jon. "Fear and Loathing in Paris." Social Science History 26, no. 1 (2002): 71–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012293.

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In 1978, some 40 years after the practice of opinion polling first arrived in France, the country’s newspapers and magazines informed their readers that 76% of the French approved of Charles de Gaulle’s role in World War II, that 77% did not consider the pope’s moral instructions binding, that 83% never participated in winter sports, and that 36% thought Michel Rocard would be a good finance minister. Anyone who could not remember those findings for long might be forgiven, for they were but drops in an ocean of polling data, a tidal wave of information that swept over France each year. For many, this onslaught of polling data is deeply disturbing, given their belief that opinion polls have undermined elected representatives’ ability to use their judgment in making political decisions and have silenced other, more authentic expressions of popular opinion (for example, see Champagne 1990). Even those who welcomed les sondages d’opinion as a new means of bringing the people’s voice into arenas of power might still have felt overwhelmed by the sheer number of them published in France by that time–well over 500 in a typical year, according to one 1984 estimate–and many began to characterize the country’s apparently insatiable appetite for polls as sondomanie, or “poll mania” ( Jaffré 1985). Perhaps it was only to be expected that France, one of the pioneers in the creation of modern democracy, would be among the countriesmost interested in using polls to proclaim the will of the people to the humble and the powerful alike.

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12

Caron, Jean-Claude. "Marie-France SARDAIN, Défenses et sièges de Paris, 1814-1914." Revue d'histoire du XIXe siècle, no. 39 (December 10, 2009): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rh19.3951.

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13

Rifkin, Adrian. "Americans gohome–which is more American, Paris‐Texas or Paris‐France?" Contemporary French and Francophone Studies 8, no. 3 (June 2004): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1026021042000247072.

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14

Crozier, Ivan. "Zarathustra in Paris: the Nietzsche Vogue in France, 1891–1918." History Workshop Journal 53, no. 1 (2002): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/53.1.274.

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15

Trump, Dominik. "In margine – Annotationen in der Handschrift Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4417." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung 136, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgr-2019-0015.

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Abstract In margine – Annotations in codex Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4417. This paper deals with Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4417, a 9th century manuscript containing quite a few annotations, especially in the margin. Within the text of the Epitome Aegidii, five nota signs clearly indicate a user's special interests. The annotations will be analysed regarding their functions, and it will be emphasized that the reception of a text can be clearly understood based on the evidence in the manuscript itself.

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Petler, D. N. "Ireland and France in 1848." Irish Historical Studies 24, no. 96 (November 1985): 493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400034489.

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It has long been recognised that the French revolution of 1848 had a profound effect on the rest of Europe. The overthrow of the Orleans monarchy and the establishment of the second republic were seen as heralding the dawn of a new age. Established governments, most of which had recognised that the Continent was approaching a period of crisis, anxiously expected the spread of the revolutionary contagion and the outbreak of a major European war, whilst the discontented elements found encouragement and inspiration from the events in Paris. In Great Britain the reaction to the events across the English Channel reflected this trend. This is the beginning', noted one member of the cabinet, recalling 1792; who will live to see the end?' The Chartists were jubilant, declaring that the time was now ripe to achieve their demands.

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17

Taylor, Larissa Juliet, and Moshe Sluhovsky. "Patroness of Paris: Rituals of Devotion in Early Modern France." Sixteenth Century Journal 30, no. 2 (1999): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2544723.

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18

Young, Robert J. ":We'll Always Have Paris: American Tourists in France Since 1930." American Historical Review 110, no. 4 (October 2005): 1141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.110.4.1141.

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Trukhina, Olga. "THE ODDITY OF THE RUSSIAN TURGENEV LIBRARY (PARIS, FRANCE)." Proceedings of Altai State Academy of Culture and Arts 4 (2020): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32340/2414-9101-2020-4-77-85.

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The paper briefly describes a history of establishing Russian Public Library in Paris, 1875, by an initiative of Russian politician German Lopatin; now, the Library is considered as the oldest Russian language book collection formed outside Russia. Ivan Turgenev's personal library took as a basis of the memorial document collection that gradually became a center of cultural life for the first wave of Russian revolution emigration to France. The article discloses content of the document collection by type of issues, calls its sources until it was seized by Nazi occupational administration in 1940, outlines the history of its “travelling”. Also, the general description of several examples of books and magazines that previously belonged to Ivan Turgenev's Russian Public Library and now is stocked in Vyacheslav Shishkov Altai Regional Universal Scientific Library (Barnaul, Russia) is given.

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20

Lefeuvre, Annaïg. "The Shoah Memorial: A history retraced from the Drancy site." International Review of the Red Cross 101, no. 910 (April 2019): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383119000432.

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AbstractBetween the inauguration of the Tomb of the Unknown Jewish Martyr in 1956 in Paris and the opening of the Shoah Memorial in Drancy in 2012, the narration of the Shoah in France has evolved through the use of archives, discussions, commemorations and exhibitions. In the immediate post-war period, a small group of people worked on the construction of a dedicated place to document the genocide of Jews in Europe in order to ensure that the memory of the Shoah would be impregnated into the collective consciousness. This project, which later evolved into the Paris and Drancy Shoah Memorials, could be seen as an expression of what remembrance is in France today.

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21

Shapiro, Martin. "Judicial Review in France." Tocqueville Review 12 (December 1991): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.12.3.

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Although the matter I am about to take up might normally be relegated to a footnote, it is so important that I prefer to present it in the text as an introduction. Alec Stone is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Washington completing a dissertation on the Conseil Constitutionnel. During a year in which I was teaching in Paris we conferred a number of times about the dissertation and, subsequent to the return of both of us to the States, I have become a sort of unofficial dissertation advisor.

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22

Coller, I. "Arab France: Mobility and Community in Early-Nineteenth-Century Paris and Marseille." French Historical Studies 29, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 433–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-2006-006.

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23

Lebel, Olivier. "Éric CAVATERRA, La Banque de France et la Commune de Paris (1871)." Revue d'histoire du XIXe siècle, no. 23 (December 1, 2001): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rh19.322.

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24

Jones, Colin. "FRENCH CROSSINGS IV: VAGARIES OF PASSION AND POWER IN ENLIGHTENMENT PARIS." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (November 19, 2013): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440113000029.

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ABSTRACTThis paper examines female libertinism in eighteenth-century France, highlighting the hybrid identity of actress, courtesan and prostitute of female performers at the Paris Opéra. The main focus is on the celebrated singer, Sophie Arnould. She and others like her achieved celebrity by moving seamlessly between these three facets of their identity. Their celebrity also allowed them to circulate within the highest social circles. Feminists of the 1790s such as Olympe de Gouges and Théroigne de Méricourt had pre-Revolutionary careers that were very similar to those of Arnould. It is suggested that understanding this kind of individual in Ancien Régime France can help us to identify a neglected libertine strand within Enlightenment culture, that merged into proto-feminism in the French Revolution. The paper offers a new approach to some of the origins of modern French feminism.

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25

Crozier, Michel. "Letter from Paris." Tocqueville Review 9, no. 1 (January 1988): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.9.1.313.

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The first thing that will strike the seasoned watcher of France when he lands in Paris this winter is the general air of uncertainty. Frenchmen who used to be so articulate are this time keeping their voices low. For they simply don’t know what to think. The financial crash, Gorbachev’s openings, the decline of the dollar, the Japanese invasion, the powerlessness of Europe and above all the upcoming presidential election makes them all the more perplexed. Ask anyone, even one of those ferocious Paris taxi drivers and even if they share their preferences with you, at the same time they will not be able to give you a serious argumentai classic French opinion. Don’t be mistaken about the meaning of this elusiveness however. This is neither disarray nor indifference. French men and women will vote in due time. But somehow puzzlement has made them more relaxed.

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26

Crozier, Michel. "Letter from Paris." Tocqueville Review 9 (January 1988): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.9.313.

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The first thing that will strike the seasoned watcher of France when he lands in Paris this winter is the general air of uncertainty. Frenchmen who used to be so articulate are this time keeping their voices low. For they simply don’t know what to think. The financial crash, Gorbachev’s openings, the decline of the dollar, the Japanese invasion, the powerlessness of Europe and above all the upcoming presidential election makes them all the more perplexed. Ask anyone, even one of those ferocious Paris taxi drivers and even if they share their preferences with you, at the same time they will not be able to give you a serious argumentai classic French opinion. Don’t be mistaken about the meaning of this elusiveness however. This is neither disarray nor indifference. French men and women will vote in due time. But somehow puzzlement has made them more relaxed.

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27

Trump, Dominik. "Rezeptionsspuren in der Handschrift Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4419 (Epitome monachi)." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung 138, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgr-2021-0018.

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Abstract Traces of reception in codex Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4419 (Epitome monachi). This short article deals with the manuscript Paris lat. 4419, which contains the Epitome monachi and was written at the end of the 9th or at the beginning of the 10th century. Some interesting annotations in the margin show the reception and interaction of users with the text. Selected annotations are discussed and analysed and an appendix with all marginal annotations of the codex is given.

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28

Martin, Jean-Pierre, and Anita McConnell. "Joining the observatories of Paris and Greenwich." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 62, no. 4 (October 21, 2008): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2008.0029.

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In the closing years of the eighteenth century, France and Britain enjoyed a period of external peace that their scientific communities put to good use by finding an objective common to the leading academic institutions: the Académie royale des sciences in France, and the Royal Society in England. This was not an entirely new concept; the novelty was that the objective would be brought about by teams from each side working outside their own borders. It was part of both nations' long-running search for a means of establishing longitudes on land and at sea. The specific objective, however, was confined to establishing the accurate difference in longitude between the meridian of Greenwich Observatory and that of the Observatoire de Paris. Previous astronomical measurements, derived from the times of certain eclipses or transits as recorded at each observatory, were acknowledged to be inaccurate.

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29

Gosson, Renée K. "‘Tous ceux sans qui la France ne serait pas la France’: The case for a French national museum of colonial histories." French Cultural Studies 29, no. 2 (May 2018): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155818755608.

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Although France is known as the country of museums, it has yet to inaugurate a museum of French history. At a time of mounting tensions between an increasingly multiracial and multicultural French population, on the one hand, and an inherently problematic model of French Republican integration on the other, one wonders whose history would be represented. In the wake of one of France’s worst cases of social unrest – the 2005 riots – Paris opened two new national museums (the Musée du Quai Branly and the Cité Nationale de l’Histoire de l’Immigration), which held great promise of leading France toward postcoloniality. Unfortunately, neither site advanced the nation’s largely silenced conversation about its colonial history, its enduring effects and its contemporary manifestations. Against a backdrop of increased Islamophobia, exacerbated as much by the 2015–17 terrorist attacks in Paris and Nice as by the anti-’immigration’ rhetoric during the 2017 presidential elections, I examine the call for a new museum and its potential to bring France closer to postcoloniality.

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30

Zimnovitch, Henri. "The tenth Accounting History International Conference: 3-5 September 2019, Paris, France." Accounting History 24, no. 4 (October 9, 2019): 618–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373219881214.

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31

Lepetit, Bernard. "L'échelle de la France." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 45, no. 2 (April 1990): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1990.278845.

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Le 7 septembre 1789, Sieyès proposait à l'Assemblée nationale de nommer un comité pour préparer « un plan de municipalités et de provinces tel qu'on puisse espérer de ne pas voir le royaume se déchirer en une multitude de petits États sous forme républicaine; et qu'au contraire la France puisse former un seul tout, soumis uniformément, dans toutes ses parties, à une législation ou une administration commune». Ce plan, élaboré en trois semaines fut présenté le 29 septembre par Thouret à l'Assemblée nationale. On en connaît la teneur. La France devait être partagée, selon le modèle proposé quelques années plus tôt par le géographe Robert de Hesseln en 81 «carrés uniformes ». Le découpage devait s'effectuer en direction des frontières terrestres et maritimes à partir de Paris, et il était prévu que la capitale devrait former un département particulier.

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32

Jones, Colin. "FRENCH CROSSINGS: I. TALES OF TWO CITIES." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 20 (November 5, 2010): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440110000034.

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ABSTRACTUnder the general title, ‘French Crossings’, the presidential addresses over the next four years will explore intersections and relationships between cultures, periods, disciplines, approaches, historiographies and problems, all within the general field of early modern and modern French history. ‘Tales of Two Cities’ takes as its approach both comparative history andl'histoire croisée. It compares and contrasts the very differing cultural impact on each side of the Channel of one of the most influential British novels about Franco-British political culture, namely, Charles Dickens'sA Tale of Two Cities(1859). The novel has been conventionally hailed in England, especially from the end of the nineteenth century, as a parable unfavourably contrasting France's revolutionary tradition with the allegedly more humane political evolutionism of England. In France, the novel has been largely ignored or else viewed as a Burkean rant. Yet Dickens's personal attitudes towards France and in particular Paris suggests a more ambiguous and complicated history. For Dickens, modern Paris, as regenerated under Haussmann, was a brilliant success story against which he contrasted both Paris in the 1790s and the social and political circumstances he claimed to detect within English metropolitan culture in the recent past and present. Dickens views the radical and disinherited workers’ suburb of the Faubourg Saint-Antoine less, it is suggested, as quintessentially French than as quintessentially plebeian, and the prospect of a slide into revolutionary politics as a lurking threat within England as well as France.

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Richet, Denis, and Marie-Claude Lapeyre. "Les barricades à Paris, le 12 mai 1588." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 45, no. 2 (April 1990): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1990.278841.

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Ce texte est le dernier que nous ait donné Denis Richet, quelques mois avant sa mort, survenue brusquement en septembre dernier. Il témoigne du projet qui l'animait : comprendre les ruptures du tissu politique et social de la France moderne. Comme tel il témoigne d'une attitude, que Denis Richet a su enseigner : « Aimer l'histoire pour elle-même… ». Sa chaleur nous manque.Isoler le fait-barricades de l'histoire générale de Paris est une nécessité et une gageure. Les barricades ne sont pas comme un élément chimiquement pur ; elles supposent une convergence de données historiques qu'il serait fastidieux de rappeler. Je note seulement que la Commune de 1871 a joué un grand rôle dans l'intérêt porté au 12 mai 1588. Dans la Revue des Deux Mondes, dès septembre 1871, A. Maury publiait un article sur «La commune de Paris de 1588». Et Paul Robiquet, en écrivant de 1884 à 1904 ses trois volumes de l'Histoire municipale de Paris, qui demeure la meilleure synthèse accessible, ne manque pas de faire allusion, avec une certaine prudence, au printemps tragique de 1871. Il est, à mon sens, intéressant de constater que l'historiographie actuelle — disons : trentenaire — de la journée du 12 mai 1588 s'est enrichie grâce à des recherches menées par des historiens français et non français. En Union Soviétique, à Lvow plus précisément, en cette partie de la Biélorussie naguère polonaise, où le professeur Lozinsky a mené un travail d'autant plus exemplaire qu'il n'a jamais pu bénéficier du contact direct avec les archives parisiennes; en Israël, où Elie Barnavi, après un long séjour en France, a pu éclairer l'histoire de la Ligue ; aux États-Unis, grâce aux recherches des professeurs Salmon et Ascoli; en France même, les recherches de Robert Descimon ont largement déblayé le terrain.

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34

Muhlmann, Géraldine. "Response by Géraldine Muhlmann (University of Paris II (Panthéon-Assas), France)." Media History 16, no. 4 (October 4, 2010): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2010.507481.

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Joly, Laurent. "The Parisian Police and the Holocaust: Control, Round-ups, Hunt, 1940–4." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 3 (May 23, 2019): 557–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419839774.

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Slightly more than half of the 74,150 Jews deported from France between 1942 and 1944 were arrested in Paris and its close suburbs. For the large majority of these 38,500 men, women, and children, their arrest was carried out by ordinary policemen belonging to the Paris Police Prefecture. The objective of this article is to propose a complete and synthetic analysis of the role of this institution and its agents in the Holocaust. In Paris, unlike anywhere else in Europe, the implementation of the ‘final solution’ was entrusted to the traditional administration. These police officers were competent and knew perfectly the environment of the persecution. But, generally speaking, they were not anti-Semite activists, they did not like the Germans, and, more importantly, they acted according to their own institutional logic. So, the French's repressive system did not automatically feed the Nazi machine of destruction. It is this complexity of the machine of persecution in occupied France which explains, in many respects, the toll of the Holocaust in France, and, more specifically, in the Paris region.

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CORBER, ERIN, MEREDITH L. SCOTT-WEAVER, NICK UNDERWOOD, and NADIA MALINOVICH. "Beyond the Pletzl: Jewish urban histories in interwar France." Urban History 43, no. 4 (October 8, 2015): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926815000814.

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In the 1930s, Walter Benjamin described Paris as ‘the capital of the nineteenth century’, the hub of cultural transformations precipitated by the rise of industrial capitalism. For good reasons, Jewish historians have followed suit in identifying Paris as the focal point for studies of political, social, cultural, demographic and economic change in France during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Moreover, native French Jewish religious and cultural administrative structures, implemented during Napoleon I's reign and further entrenched by reforms in the Third Republic, are centred in Paris. These conditions have rendered an abundance of source material documenting the rest of the country from the centre, a phenomenon that places even more weight on the capital as a locus for national processes that occur in its image.

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Grémion, Pierre. "La réception d’Albert O. Hirschman à Paris." Tocqueville Review 31, no. 2 (January 2010): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.31.2.97.

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L’œuvre d’Albert Hirschman est aujourd’hui internationalement reconnue. Que La Revue Tocqueville lui consacre un numéro spécial en est un nouveau témoignage. Pour ce numéro, il m’a été demandé de traiter de sa réception en France. Aussi examinerai-je comment cette œuvre s’est frayée un chemin dans la ville capitale à partir du milieu de la décennie 1960. Les livres d’Hirschman ont été traduits et édités par différents éditeurs.

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Jackson, Julian. "General De Gaulle and his Enemies: Antigaullism in France Since 1940." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 9 (December 1999): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679392.

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On the centenary of General de Gaulle's birth in November 1990, hundreds of historians, politicians and statesmen gathered in Paris to discuss his life. Their deliberations were published in seven volumes running to several thousand pages. The participants included former opponents who now declared themselves ‘posthumous Gaullists’ or ‘remorseful’ ones. The whole occasion seemed to fulfil André Malraux's prediction: ‘Everyone is, has been or will become Gaullist.’ Of those who were not, never had been, or would never become Gaullist, little was said.

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Ferradou, Mathieu. "Between Scylla and Charybdis?" French Historical Studies 44, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 429–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-9004965.

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Abstract In 1792 foreigners flocked to France to participate in the new republican regime, redefining the nation as the conduct of popular sovereignty. A number of American, British, and Irish foreigners formed a club in Paris, the Society of the Friends of the Rights of Man (Société des Amis des Droits de l'Homme), among whom Irish republicans were a key component. Eager to “revolutionize” Britain and Ireland, they contributed to the rise in tensions and, ultimately, to the outbreak of war between France and Britain. The author argues that these Irish, because of their colonial experience, were a crucial factor in the redefinition of and opposition between British imperial and French republican models of nation and citizenship. Their defense of a cosmopolitan citizenship ideal was violently rejected in Britain and was severely tested by the “Terror” in France. En 1792, de nombreux étrangers vinrent en France pour participer à l’élaboration du nouveau régime républicain, redéfinissant la nation comme le vecteur de la souveraineté populaire. Plusieurs Américains, Anglais, Irlandais et Ecossais formèrent un club à Paris, la Société des amis des droits de l'homme (SADH), parmi lesquels les Irlandais furent une composante clé. Désireux de « révolutionner » la Grande-Bretagne et l'Irlande, ils contribuèrent à la montée des tensions et à l’éclatement du conflit entre la France et la Grande-Bretagne. Cet article cherche à démontrer que ces Irlandais, du fait de leur expérience coloniale, jouèrent un rôle central dans la redéfinition et l'opposition entre le modèle impérial britannique et le modèle français républicain de la nation et de la citoyenneté. Leur défense d'un idéal cosmopolite de citoyenneté suscita un violent rejet en Grande-Bretagne et fut mise à rude épreuve pendant la « Terreur » en France.

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Babelon, Jean-Pierre. "Le Musée de l'Histoire de France aux Archives nationales à Paris." La Gazette des archives 139, no. 1 (1987): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.1987.4119.

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41

Neuman, Robert. "Robert de Cotte and the Baroque Ecclesiastical Façade in France." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 44, no. 3 (October 1, 1985): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990075.

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The façade of St. Roch, Paris (erected 1736-1738), the last major work by Robert de Cotte, is often viewed as anomalous in an oeuvre devoted almost exclusively to the design of secular buildings. However, the recent discovery in Paris of certain drawings and related documents from de Cotte's studio (Bibliothèque Nationale; Archives Nationales; Bibliothèque de l'Institut) makes it clear that he confronted the problem of the Italianate ecclesiastical façade throughout his career, although only a few of the commissions were actually carried out. The various solutions, while rooted in French tradition, betray a strong interest in Italian church portals of the Late Renaissance and Baroque. The notes and drawings made by the architect during his Italian sojourn of 1689-1690 confirm this interest. A chronological review of the projects reveals that the design for the St. Roch portal was closely related to de Cotte's earlier experiments for church façades in Paris, Dijon, and Orléans; the Premier Architecte relied particularly on precedents set by Jules Hardouin Mansart, as well as on his own unexecuted project for St. Louis de Versailles (1724).

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Caillet Komorowski, Catherine L. V. "The meteorite collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris, France." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 256, no. 1 (2006): 163–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2006.256.01.09.

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43

Intrator, M. "Grand Illusion: The Third Reich, the Paris Exposition, and the Cultural Seduction of France." French History 25, no. 1 (January 31, 2011): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/crr015.

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44

Peer, Shanny. "Marketing Mickey: Disney Goes to France." Tocqueville Review 13, no. 2 (January 1992): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.13.2.127.

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Inaugurated in April 1992, Euro Disneyland – located just twenty-three miles east of Paris – has launched a new assault in what has often been perceived as the "invasion" of France by American popular culture. Even though initial plans to build a European Disneyland were gratefully approved in 1986, completion of the project has provoked a certain "cross-cultural ruckus." After giving a brief overview of the Euro Disney project and concessions obtained by Disney from the French government, this article will explore several questions about the cross-cultural adaptations and misunderstandings engendered by this venture. Specifically, how was Euro Disneyland conceived, adapted and marketed for a French and European audience?

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Sorrie, Charles. "Industrial unrest in France 1917–1918, the Loire and the Isère." French History 35, no. 4 (November 23, 2021): 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/crab045.

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Abstract In May 1918, a strike movement began in Paris and swiftly spread throughout much of the country. The strikes came at a time of heightened military danger and were promptly suppressed by the Clemenceau Government. Whereas a more widespread French labour unrest in 1917 had concentrated on wage demands, in 1918 the strikes were initiated by the radical far left of the Confédération générale du travail (CGT, France’s largest labour union) and were marked by internationalist and pacifist demands. In the months leading up to the spring of 1918, radical labour leaders in the Loire and the Isère were encouraged by federal colleagues in the CGT and its radical affiliate, the Comité de défense syndicaliste (CDS), to prepare for a series of general strikes. The launching of the Ludendorff Offensives, however, persuaded the CDS to postpone a coordinated national general strike until after the military emergency subsided. Labour leaders in the Loire and the Isère disregarded these directives and launched strikes in May and June that alienated local labour movements from their already tenuous political support from Paris. Using materials from both departmental and national archives, this study examines the political dynamics which precipitated and then accelerated the appointment of far-left radicals to leadership positions within the labour movements of the Loire and much of the Isère. It argues that the industrial significance of both areas, the anarcho-syndicalist rhetoric of local union leaders, poorly timed strike actions and the Clemenceau Government’s uncompromising jusqu’au boutisme worked together as factors to condemn this understudied movement to failure.

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Kelly, Michael. "Introduction: France as a Laboratory of Culture." French Cultural Studies 31, no. 2 (May 2020): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155820911565.

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This article introduces the special issue of the journal on France as a Laboratory of Culture. It asks whether France continues to foster creativity and innovation in the cultural realm. Six articles examine case studies, including the role of women in the making of modern Paris, France’s role in world cinema through international co-production, French conceptions of world literature, recent fictional works by Alice Zeniter and Bessora, the rapper Abd al Malik as a complex example of hybrid music, and the state-funded project to create ÉcoQuartiers, or green neighbourhoods. These examples provide challenges to the way things are, whether in changing behaviours, tastes, perceptions or understandings, and demonstrate convincingly that France remains a vibrant laboratory of culture in the modern world.

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Andrews, Naomi J., Simon Jackson, Jessica Wardhaugh, Shannon Fogg, Jessica Lynne Pearson, Elizabeth Campbell, Laura Levine Frader, Joshua Cole, Elizabeth A. Foster, and Owen White. "Book Reviews." French Politics, Culture & Society 37, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 123–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2019.370307.

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Silyane Larcher, L’Autre Citoyen: L’idéal républicain et les Antilles après l’esclavage (Paris: Armand Colin, 2014).Elizabeth Heath, Wine, Sugar, and the Making of Modern France: Global Economic Crisis and the Racialization of French Citizenship, 1870–1910 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Rebecca Scales, Radio and the Politics of Sound in Interwar France, 1921–1939 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016).Claire Zalc, Dénaturalisés: Les retraits de nationalité sous Vichy (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2016).Bertram M. Gordon, War Tourism: Second World War France from Defeat and Occupation to the Creation of Heritage (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2018).Shannon L. Fogg, Stealing Home: Looting, Restitution, and Reconstructing Jewish Lives in France, 1942–1947 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).Sarah Fishman, From Vichy to the Sexual Revolution: Gender and Family Life in Postwar France (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017).Frederick Cooper, Citizenship between Empire and Nation: Remaking France and French Africa, 1945–1960 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014).Jessica Lynne Pearson, The Colonial Politics of Global Health: France and the United Nations in Postwar Africa (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018). Darcie Fontaine, Decolonizing Christianity: Religion and the End of Empire in France and Algeria (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016).

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Sot, Michel. "Colette Beaune, Naissance de la nation France, Paris, Gallimard, 1985, 431 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 41, no. 5 (October 1986): 999–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s039526490007431x.

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Prochasson, Christophe. "Eugen Weber, Ma France. Mythes, culture, politique, Paris, Fayard, 1991, 479 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 49, no. 3 (June 1994): 705–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900085450.

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50

Balme, Richard, Jeanne Becquart-Leclercq, Terry N. Clark, Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot, and Jean-Yves Nevers. "New Mayors: France and the United States." Tocqueville Review 8 (December 1987): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.8.263.

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In 1983 we organized a conference on “Questioning the Welfare State and the Rise of the City” at the University of Paris, Nanterre. About a hundred persons attended, including many French social scientists and political activists. Significant support came from the new French Socialist government. Yet with Socialism in power since 1981, it was clear that the old Socialist ideas were being questioned inside and outside the Party and government—especially in the important decentralization reforms. There was eager interest in better ways to deliver welfare state services at the local level.

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