Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Parfumeurs – Paris (France) – 18e siècle'
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Camus, Alice. "Les parfumeurs et la cour de France, de Louis XIV à Louis XVI : analyse sociale, culturelle et technique d'un métier." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL062.
Full textFrom 1650 to 1789, Parisian perfumers underwent a fundamental transformation of their craft. Previously glove makers, they broadened their skills to include perfumery, which was then in full expansion. Manufacturers and merchants of multiple perfumed products, scented waters, powders, ointments, pastes, pastilles, potpourris, gloves, fans, they rely on the legal framework of the institutions to build a lucrative monopoly. The court constituted the primary clientele of these craftsmen. It gave rise to the creation of an entire olfactory apparatus to meet the needs of etiquette and fashion. The evolution of cultural tastes and hygiene practices led to the development of French perfumery. This primo-luxury craft benefits from a positive image for the economic wealth it produces. The perfumers who supply the court succeed in their career and reach a comfortable financial and material level on the condition that they manage to develop their networks of suppliers of raw materials and manufactured products, to build up a large clientele, to temper and control the sale on credit in order not to be short of cash and to make their trade and their patrimony grow. The influence of social origins is indisputable: a third of these craftsmen were the sons of perfumers. The matrimonial alliances they made expressed a clear endogamy and hypergamy. The perfumers who supplied the court were mostly from the provinces of the kingdom. Grasse and Montpellier stand out in particular. The Huet and Dulac family dynasties are models of successful craftsmanship and social status
Briot, Eugénie. "La chimie des élégances : la parfumerie parisienne au XIXe siècle : naissance d'une industrie du luxe." Paris, CNAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CNAM0611.
Full textThe industrialization of the production of perfumery articles in the XIXth century and their broader social diffusion invite us to question the relevance of the identification of perfume to a luxury product at that time. The innovations generated or adopted by perfumers indeed, be they new extracting methods of raw materials or the use of smelling compounds from a synthetic origin, if they bring new creative possibilities to perfumers, also allow wider margins on the sale of products whose prices remain stable. The switch from an artisanal fabrication to an industry of perfume manufacturing thus seems to go hand in hand with a relative price increase of these articles. On the basis of an imaginary peculiar to the XIXth century, determining the building of the social signification of perfume at that time, the diffusion of products that accompanies these evolutions redistributes at the same time the norms and rules of the olfactory elegances, restricting preferentially the expression of perfume to the sphere of intimacy. To what extend do the consumption of perfumery articles meet the imperative for ostentation proper to a certain rank in a century of a broader diffusion of these articles? And how do perfumers build the value of their articles in an environment favourable to their depreciation? In the final analysis, we apply ourselves here to studying the marketing strategies developed by perfumers of the XIXth century to position them among the luxury products triumphing on a large scale right from the Second Empire
Hennebelle, David. "Aristocratie, musique et musiciens à Paris au XVIIIe siècle." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30026.
Full textThe relationship which linked the aristocratic circle, music and musicians was the mainstructuring basis of the musical world during the Age of Enlightenment. Through various motives and aptitudes, wealthy aristocrats protected musicians. They would support private orchestras, accept dedications. They would contribute to extend the music market or would assert their musical tastes by frequently practissing music themselves. From praise music to avant-garde music, the aristocratic musical patronage enjoyed their Golden Age and directed the birth of specific forms of musical creations. As for musicians who were in the service of an aristocratic house, they would have various but still rather privileged statuses. As they were able to diversify their activities and their ways of life, and as they were very close to high social groups - which they could identify to, musicians contributed in building a complex image of their profession : they weren't submissive artist but neither were they emancipated artists
Krampl, Ulrike. ""Sous prétexte de magie" : les secrets des faux sorciers de la police de Paris entre croyances et escroquerie au XVIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0005.
Full textAfter a partial decriminalization of the crime of witchcraft by royal edict of 1682, the police of Paris continues to persecute men and women who practice any kind of magic (treasure hunting, invocation of spirits or the devil, divination/astrology, "secret" remedies for the body, love, chance at gambling) or who engage in the transmutation of metals. Throughout the 18th century the police calls them "falses witches". A detailed study of contemporary texts (dictionaries, treatises, police records) traces the ways of how the term "magic" is constituted through language and its practice. It also shows that the exercise of magic in the city fundamentally addresses the domain of the "secret". Thus, the issues at stake are of prime importance to contemporaries, as they concern the constitution of a "public", enrichment and the social and economic organization of the city. This novel and original configuration of magic emphasizes above all its commercial dimension : the "false witches" are accused of "abusing the credulous public", and more frequently, of "fraudulence"; this new vision of magic is for the first time to be officially taken into account during the French revolution (legislation of 1791). Magic appears to be placed between possible transcendence and the omnipresent risk of swindling. This ambivalent social and epistemological position brings forth a specific form of inscription into space and time through which the dynamics of magical beliefs can be explored. In this sense, the "false witches" of the Paris police prove an interesting means to reconsider the history of 18th century urban life between imagination and material realilty
Wolvesperges, Thibaut. "Le mobilier parisien en laque au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040197.
Full textThe study of Parisian furniture of lacquer was never really dissociated from the general history of Parisian furniture of XVIIIth century or, sometimes, related, in a broader way, without being truly deepened, to the 'chinoiserie'. However, nobody has analyzed, so far, the lacquer and its market in France during the XVIIIth century, on the ground of archives documents, which is crucial for a good understanding of this kind of furniture. The creation and trade of such particular furniture was conditioned by the great difficulty to obtain in Paris high-quality panels. After having studying the lacquer's market, we suggest to start on the different lacquer used in the Parisian cabinetmaking, together with their reproductions carried out according to the 'vernis martin' technique. Then, we will be able to deepen Parisian furniture of lacquer's trade -the most important of all-, hold, not by cabinetmakers, but by 'marchands-merciers' delivering sparingly lacquer panels that the cabinetmakers could not acquire due to their high price. Finally, we will study the cabinetmakers position, then we will deal with amateurs and collectors of lacquer and lacquer furniture and particularly the royal taste for them, on the basis of numerus documents from the 'garde-meuble de la couronne' kept in the National archives
Villate, Dominique. "L'équipement hôtelier parisien au milieu du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040296.
Full textBy the middle of the 18th century, about 940 residential hotels were concurrently set up in Paris. As a hostelry for travelers, they were concentrated in the north where gathered public coaches though the famed inns preferred the west part of Paris visited by rich foreigners. The variety of the prices didn't involve a great difference in the set of the facilities placed at visitors' disposal, except for the quality of materials. Embellishment, comfort, attendance, were progressively uniformed meanwhile many hotels claimed their specificity. Trade narrowly watched by the police, exacting the keeping of registers of customers, hostelry happened to be exposed to undesirable visitors who put them in financial difficulties
Ghoul, Fayçal El. "La police parisienne dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle (1760-1785)." Rennes 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN20020.
Full textThe Paris police-force in the second half of the eighteenth century had been deeply marked by the actions of two successive super-intendants, namely Sartine and Lenoir. These succeeded in imparting to their office an optimal efficiency at a time when economic and social unrest heralded the crisis that was to bear on the Ancient regime and bring about its down fall. In order to carry out their missions, Sartine and Lenoir initiated a complete re-organization of the police apparatus and endeavoured to grapple with the issues then weighing on the capital. I. E. Filth, transportation difficulties, the supply and distribution of corn and other foodstuffs, the control of the working classes security, the "disciplining of morals" the framing of public opinion, etc. Concrete examples taken from public records (archives) illustrate both the efficiency and the limitations of police action a body that various national and foreign observers considered as a "well-lubricated machinery" which set a model to be followed
Carbonnier, Youri. "Le bâti et l'habitat dans le centre de Paris à la fin de l'Ancien Régime." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040088.
Full textAt the end of the Ancien Régime, the center of Paris presents many different sorts of buildings, most of which are dwelling houses. The first part deals with technical aspects of building: materials and techniques used for building shell and for the finishing off, as well as water conveyance and refuse collection. New buildings are particularly seen from the economic point of view. The second part deals with links between the housing and the city: connections between the width of the streets and the height of the houses, the decoration of the façades, urban morphology and its influence on house planning. The analysis of the housing distribution allows examining the use of the housing. Several examples show the interactions between professional activity, location and architecture. At last, I emphasize dwelling in some surprising buildings, as churches, schools or public buildings. This thesis offers a global view of building and housing in the center of Paris
Hasquenoph, Sophie. "Les Dominicains de Paris au XVIIIème siècle." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010595.
Full textThe dominicans of Paris in the XVIIIe century belong the three couvents : Saint-Jacques, Saint-Honoré and noviciat general. This present study analyses the differents friar's activities between 1700 and 1730, the organization and the communities's compositions, at last their personnal part in the jansenist crise. One second part, centralized on the years 1730-1785, presenties the daily live and the pariens's thought, dominicans on time of the philosophers's light offensive. The subject of the "decadence" is here underlined, then the Dominican's picture is discredited of the contemporaries and the order as a whole is violently critizies. At last, the third party exposes the friars attitudes before and during the french revolution. Some individuals fates are evoqued parallel with to their of the last parisian community, vanished in october 1793. After this date, the Dominican order never existes in the city. Only a few isoles friars take part in the order's reconstruction in the XXe century
Croq, Laurence. "Les "bourgeois de Paris" au XVIIIe siècle : identification d'une catégorie sociale polymorphe." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010518.
Full textThis essay on the "Bourgeois de Paris" aims at determining meanings and uses of this qualification in literature and political, religious and social Parisian life from louis xiv to the french revolution. Enlightenment's literature distinguishs the "Bourgeois" on one part, nobility and popular classes on the other part, by their socio-cultural practices and their mentalities. There are a lot of groups of "Bourgeois de Paris" which are different because each gather fellows whose profession, degree of integration in the capital. . . Are not similar. When these men have a common status, they are associated to institutions inherited from middle age (municipality, confraternity of notre-dame for the "Bourgeois de Paris"), or they are integrated in legal or fiscal hierarchies (individual privileges, poll-tax). The theorical definition of these groups can be constant since their creation (the wide corporation of "Bourgeois de Paris" has been defined as inhabitants living in Paris since one year and one day, nobles and roturiers take part of it), il has sometimes changes because of financial needings of monarchy or wish of a social group (tradesman of "six corps" monopolize aldermanship). Socio-professionnal groups whose members use their latent status of "Bourgeois de Paris" can too change (nobles and members of parliament are less numerous in eighteenth century as electors of the two aldermen and as colleagues in the confraternity notre-dame). The "Bourgeois de Paris" who qualify themselves then in civil and professionnal acts, essentially notarial, are belonging to professionnal groups which are excluded de facto or de jure from collectives and individual privileges of homonymous groups : servents in work or retired, and others workers (as rents receivers), they choose this title instead of the name of their job
Bastien, Pascal. "Le spectacle pénal à Paris au XVIIIe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28589.
Full textTurcot, Laurent. "Le promeneur à Paris au XVIIIe siècle : construction d'une figure sociale." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0083.
Full textAt the begining of the 17th century, Parisian high society engaged in "honnete" promenade. A preserve of the elite, this promenade in all its civility, was a fashionable social ritual. It allowed a stroller to "see", and, most importantly, "to be seen". Yet, at the end of the century, various disruptions set in motion the construction of a new form of promenade. Casting aside the rules of modern civility, this new promenade granted a newly individualized and subjective relationship between the stroller and the city. This transformation of the strollers' appreciation for and perception of the city was made possible by the establishment of a new social role : the urban stroller. The act of promenading allows the stroller to take in the city all the while granting a sense of autonomy. There is an individualization of both the practice of promenading and of the urban space. There is an intersection, complementarity and mutual influence between the theory and practice of the promenade. This allows us to understand the genesis of the urban behavior of the stroller
Lilti, Antoine. "Le monde des salons : la sociabilité mondaine à Paris dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010570.
Full textOllagnier, Claire. "Petites maisons suburbaines au XVIIIe siècle : du pavillon d'agrément au pavillon d'habitation (1750-1810)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010736.
Full textSavornin, Marie-Noël. "Les lettres de cachet pour affaires de famille à Paris au XVIIIème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0016.
Full textPerluss, Preston. "Les communautés régulières d'hommes de la rive gauche dans l'univers urbain parisien au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040248.
Full textAn essential element of the parisian Left Bank in the 18th century was its dense monastic settlement : 27 men's religious communities covered over 8 percent of the inner city's surface area. A majority of these communities took part in the Parisian real-estate boom which began in the early 17th century and continued, albeit with certain lulls, throughout the 18th century. Over 240 buildings on the Left Bank belonged to monastic or kindred communities. The monasteries' careful, rigorous and usually coherent management of their resources has bequeathed us with detailed descriptions of certain neighborhouds. The basic conclusion is that 16 out of the 27 communities drew over 50 percent of their earnings from rental properties within the city. A listing of these real-estate holdings and their percentage in the overall earnings for each community is compiled
Grandin-Le, Tulzo Chrystelle. "Les prémisses d'une professionalisation de la santé : de l'apothicaire au pharmacien, à Paris au siècle des lumières." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0104.
Full textIn 18th century Paris, apothicaries become chemists. Social and geographic recruting is broader. Training is still based on apprenticeship but lessons too. In order to obtain money or to accept prestigious members, status are not always respected. Settlement, way of working don't change but others do. They settle in new areas, shops change. Social divides exist. Apothicaries stay between crafsmen and lower middle class. They fight for a higher status. They improve their situation particulary after 1777, when Louis XVI founds the "Collège de pharmacie" but a lot of problems goes on
Brouillet, Pascal. "La Maréchaussée dans la généralité de Paris au XVIIIe siècle (1718-1791) : étude institutionnelle et sociale." Paris, EPHE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPHE4033.
Full textCabestan, Jean-François. "L'architecture domestique à Paris au XVIIIe siècle : distribution et innovation." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010613.
Full textThe innovating analisis of parisian domestic architecture of the late 17 th and 18 th century that we bring forward, is based on the opening of a corpus of unpublished material, kept at the archives nationales - minutier central des notaires parisiens, and greffe des batiments civils - compared with build and still standing evidence. Technical improvements and building control lead to a transformation of traditional architecture : timber frame structures give way to ashlar and freestone. Restrictions concerning the height of buildings have deep after-effects. On the eve of the revolution, the middle-class dwelling scale and constitution have changed, and its appearance collects some of the features belonging to monumental architecture. The building-line control plays an important part in the definition of the edifices. Some very few cases of infraction tell about the different meanings of the partition that was raised to convention between public and private space. In the urban continuities, the only edifices to come out are the houses-target and the corner buildings, where the first monumental effects are to be found. In the evolution of the limit between two plots lies a major indication about building-types upheavals. The middle class house loss of individuality - the gables have gone into decay - is linked with the new urban ambitions of the time and an increase of domestic architecture production scale. The ways and means of the progressive enlarging of the plots reflect the apparition of the modern flat on an equal footing. From the merchant's house to the aristocratical "hotel", from the private house to the rent house, the study of the transformation prevailing among all the building types accounts for the diffusion and uniformisation of collective dwelling. The second half of the 18 th century is characterised by the birth of the apartments house
Backouche, Isabelle. "La Seine et Paris : 1750-1850 : pratiques, aménagements, représentations." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0054.
Full textGouzi, Christine. "Jean Restout (1692-1768), peintre d'histoire à Paris." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040129.
Full textUntil now, the painter Jean Restout (1692-1768) was known by only few specialists whereas he was one of the most renowned artists under the reign of Louis XV. Prominent member of the Royal academy of painting and sculpture, he worked for the Gobelins, for famous collectors (the duke of Luynes, the prince of Soubise or the marquis of Marigny), for religious orders in Paris and provinces. The "catalogue raisonné" of Restout's paintings, drawings and engravings proves that the quality and the interest of his art is equivalent to the one of artists like Jean-François de Troy, Francois Lemoine or Charles- Antoine Coypel. So this doctorate attempts to place the work of Jean Restout within the contemporary art of the century and highlights its significance in relation to the religious concerns of the day, especially in relation to the jansenist question. Moreover, this study shows that, because of his studio, Restout contributed to preserve and develop, throughout the eighteenth century the "great manner"
Synowiecki, Jan. "Paris en vert. Jardins, nature et culture urbaines au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0123.
Full textThe public gardens of Paris from the eighteenth century provide study material through which various developments and the urban culture of the Enlightenment City can be understood. This study examines the apparent contradiction of creating natural spaces in the middle of a city, by studying their urban contexts, historic plant conservation practices, plant supplies, as well as the relationships between animal, people and plants. These various influences resulted in the creation of a special urban form of nature, full of negotiations, tensions and asymmetries. They are a field of study that is all the more interesting as the royal and princely authorities of the time were unable to impose their mark on these gardens without provoking resistance and protest. Against that background, a public garden policy was developed, which, for the first time, allowed the users and residents to fully participate in the creation of urban, green spaces. This study also aims to improve our understanding of the relationship between gardens and the cities that surround them, in a context where borders seem increasingly fluid, and to rethink urban culture, based on the nature of its green spaces
Abdela, Sophie. "Formes et réformes : la prison parisienne au XVIIIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC012.
Full textWe know very little about the Parisian prison of the XVIIIth century. Historians have been fascinated by the XIXth century penitentiary but they have largely neglected the Ancien Régime prison. The period was not entirely ignored, of course: it sees the birth of Beccaria's writings which question the relevance of physical punishment and set in motion the penal reform. It's also the time of the Grand Renfermement of paupers and asocials, of which the Hôpital général and the dépôt de mendicité are the clearest incarnations. However, the prison, which was an integral part of the judicial procedure, was discarded. The present research aims to fill a part of this gap by exploring the world of prepenal prison in XVIIIth century Paris. Far from forming an isolated object, this Ancien Régime jail must be fully integrated in the history of prisons which leads all the way to the penitentiary.The demonstration is articulated in three parts between which the links are numerous. The first takes as its basis the structure of the prison, its framework, its buildings, its material constitution. It addresses the detention facilities first and foremost as tangible and concrete objects. The second part leaves the structure of the Parisian prison to dive into its financial circuits. It explores two large questions: where does the money come from and where does it go? Finally, the third part penetrates even deeper in the prison world by targeting the men who compose it. The prison, after all, is made up of human relations
Driancourt-Girod, Janine. "Les Luthériens à Paris du début du XVIIe siècle au début du XIXe siècle (1626-1809)." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040159.
Full textHere is the history of two lutheran congregations of German craftsmen,established in Paris,during the 17th and 18th centuries,under the protection of the Swedish embassy and Danish embassy chapels. .
Rabier, Christelle. "Les chirurgiens de Paris et de Londres, 1740-1815 : économie, identités, savoirs." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010691.
Full textCoquery, Natacha. "De l'hôtel aristocratique aux ministères : habitat, mouvement, espace à Paris au 18e siècle." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010511.
Full textIn the 18th century, the parisian manision has become a complex reality. It points out different entities : private stays, administrative buildings, hostels, blocks, blocks of flats, and it moves, as years go by, from one use to anther. The socio-economical analysis of the mansion, as the traditionnal frame of living in court society, is a way of studying the social system of consumption and a trade connected to the elistist organization of the society. In the same time, the building is a trade good, as nobles, moving around in town, tend to see it more an more as merchandise. This way of looking breeds new uses followed by an evolution of the urban grid and buildings. This is how the administration, whose needs of officves grow as it develops and rationaliztes, puts the hands on the aristocratic home to set its supreme authorityon stage. To the aristocratic mansions have succeded, in the same places, minster offices ; to social power, administrative pwer. Despite itsz transformation, the mansion has not lost its essential function which is, under any form, changing with time, to welcome the actors of power, that is to show, through its luxury, their power
Guichard, Charlotte. "Les amateurs d'art à Paris dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010617.
Full textMarcoult, Laurence. "L'hospitalité en observation : les grands hôpitaux parisiens au XVIIIe siècle hôtel-Dieu, Hôpital Général." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0130.
Full textThe Paris hotel-Dieu and Hopital General, in the XVIIIth century, daily take care of 10 to 1500* people. The Hopital General, comprising the houses of Bicetre, La Salpetriere, La Pitie, has a doubl role of housing the poor and confining the beggars, this confinement being limited : most are seen a deserving poor. Confinement is essentially for prisoners sent by administrative, police or justic order. Children, mostly from the Foundling Hospital, the elderly, women, make the greatest part o its population. The hotel-Dieu has a medical organization with qualified personnel, giving care wit high seasonal variations. He houses a large proportion of patients coming from the Hopital General. Financing hospitals is a challenge : their economy has to work at best when circumstances are bad The Hopital General does not make profit from labour as expected when it was founded except for few luxury products ; neither can he count on charity. Tax revenues especially from wine and fron entertainment (theaters, opera. . . ) becomes crucial and allows regular income. These hospital are gigantic economic structures, requiring large amounts of cereals, wood, wine, meat, fabric. . . Supplying is a major concern of administrations. Organized according to a similar model but not with the same efficiency (the hotel-Dieu being more rigorous), they must insure continuity under any condition. Hospitals fulfill their social, medical or punishing role, and are in great demand by population
Rochefort, Suzanne. "Travailler sur le devant de la scène : le métier de comédien et de comédienne à Paris (années 1740-1799)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EHES0124.
Full textIn the second half of the 18th century, the rise of theatrical entertainment and the changes in public space transformed the profession of acting. This thesis aims at identifying the modalities and issues of these changes in the capital, based on the trajectories and work experiences of actors and actresses. At the Comédie-Française, the Comédie-Italienne, as well as in the boulevard theatres, the professional world of actors and actresses is structured at different levels, according to institutional, commercial and political developments. Since the specificity of the profession is to perform on stage in front of spectators, this investigation analyses the importance of public recognition through the prism of work practices. Development of press and new forms of visibility in the city shape careers. They also contribute to redefining the hierarchies and the profession identity, which acquires a new place in society over the studied period. This thesis is thus a contribution to the social history of artistic work, shedding light on a certain number of cultural mutations during the last decades of the Ancien Regime and the Revolution
Lyon-Caen, Nicolas. ""Marchands de miracles" : la bourgeoisie janséniste parisienne au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010528.
Full textCuvelier, Laurent. "La ville captivée : affichage et économie de l’attention à Paris au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0034.
Full textParis in the XVIIIth century was characterized by important evolutions in consumerism and exchanges. In this context, commercial posters and personal ads started to compete with state public writings and libels on display in previous centuries. They were instrumental in creating a new form of urban attention, which was not only based on sounds and spoken langage, but also on visual and written signs. This attention economy caused a change in the printing trade, giving birth to professional bill-stickers or information entrepreneurs. It was also linked to typographic techniques and to street furniture designed to catch the Parisians’ attention and to occupy some city places. In that context, urban authorities took steps to control the walls to challenge the attention-seeking posters. In that respect, the XVIIIth century marks the origin of a long history of poster regulation in France. If today, bill-posting is linked to over-saturated urban landscapes and to alienating advertisements, when considered in the Parisian streets of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, they reveal how powerful posters were at the time. They were thought of as a device, a deceiving one indeed, but one structuring the urban experience, an educational device allowing to spread information about the rules and the law to as many people as possible, or a medium to get involved in the democratic public sphere which is gaining ground in 1789. This study will analyze the way citizens engage with the city and their use of the public sphere
Fromageau, Jérôme. "La police de la pollution à Paris, de 1666 à 1789." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020115.
Full textIts is under louis the forteenth that the absolute monarchy becomes aware of the necessity to reform the policy which at that time regulates the prevention of pollution. Hence in 1666, a conseil de police is organized, a sort of extraordinary commission in charge of "the policy reform". Although the lieutenance de police is its principal achievement, the policy, enacted by the monarchy to improve its capital's maintenance is accompanied by a set of measures wich will reinforce the functions of this new institution. This reform, however, is subject to institutional limitations. Thus, until 1789, the duties of lieutenant general de police remain restricted by those of the bureau de la ville, the parlement and by the tutelage of the secretaire d'etat a la maison du roi and of the controleur general des finances. Linked, in particular, to the scientific concepts of the era, the action undertaken, by the monarchie administration reveals the existence of an uncontestatble political will justifying this pollutin policy in the domains of town planning, public hygiene and food. The effectiveness of this administrative intervention mus dispite all be considered rela
Juratic, Sabine. "Le monde du livre à Paris entre absolutisme et Lumières : recherches sur l'économie de l'imprimé et sur ses acteurs." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE4051.
Full textBased on a study of printed books professionals and their practices, this thesis evaluates the economic impact of the state control over all printed material that king louis the xivth established at the beginning of his reign and that lasted until the revolution. First part looks into printing and publishing organization in paris as driven by booksellers and printers community. Second part details socio-professional aspects of master printers from end of 17th and over a century. The last part highligts the changes in printing labor and how they impact the distribution business
Lanoë, Catherine. "Les jeux de l'artificiel : culture, production et consommation des cosmétiques à Paris sous l'Ancien Régime XVIe-XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010660.
Full textLe, Roux Thomas. "Les nuisances artisanales et industrielles à Paris, 1770-1830." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010575.
Full textAbdela, Sophie. "Formes et réformes : la prison parisienne au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC012/document.
Full textWe know very little about the Parisian prison of the XVIIIth century. Historians have been fascinated by the XIXth century penitentiary but they have largely neglected the Ancien Régime prison. The period was not entirely ignored, of course: it sees the birth of Beccaria's writings which question the relevance of physical punishment and set in motion the penal reform. It's also the time of the Grand Renfermement of paupers and asocials, of which the Hôpital général and the dépôt de mendicité are the clearest incarnations. However, the prison, which was an integral part of the judicial procedure, was discarded. The present research aims to fill a part of this gap by exploring the world of prepenal prison in XVIIIth century Paris. Far from forming an isolated object, this Ancien Régime jail must be fully integrated in the history of prisons which leads all the way to the penitentiary.The demonstration is articulated in three parts between which the links are numerous. The first takes as its basis the structure of the prison, its framework, its buildings, its material constitution. It addresses the detention facilities first and foremost as tangible and concrete objects. The second part leaves the structure of the Parisian prison to dive into its financial circuits. It explores two large questions: where does the money come from and where does it go? Finally, the third part penetrates even deeper in the prison world by targeting the men who compose it. The prison, after all, is made up of human relations
Lemoine, Claire. "Cortèges et pouvoirs à Paris aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècle (1660-1789)." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070077.
Full textThe processions -defined as collective movements structured by a ceremonial- are part of the system of representation of the "public thing". The various institutions in the city of Paris are part of them since august 1660 until the end of the summer 1789. The religious processions, the corteges and the ceremonial of the state involving the king and the royal family, the diplomatic ceremonial and the celebrations of victory and peace, are occasions to put on stage the hierarchy of roles in the Ancien Regime Society and its working rules. Walking order, precedence, clothing, allegorical setting and routes are the clues of a discourse to decipher, a detailed discourse which vests time and space. The registers of the masters of ceremony and all the archives that have been considered testify to the concern for the coherence of the codified and ritual practices. Their core is religious and the ceremonial is repetitive by nature; it's also the transmission of a necessarily ancestral culture. But each generation gives this its print and the corteges are subject to a deep evolution in the eighteenth century. They celebrate the king as an individual and his family more than his government's policy and they don't serve the exaltation of the monarchy anymore. Ostentation and luxury are no more appreciated nor understood. The physiocrats and the philanthropists have encouraged the fashion for thrift and assistance for the poor. This is testified by the official processions, mostly in the summer 1789 when the parisian people itself decides to march for thanks givings for the revolution and for propitiatory prayers
Ventrone, Giuseppe. "Tolérance et pluralité à l'âge des Lumières : Paris et Naples (1720-1785)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0034.
Full textThe enlightenment project of "enlightening" of society through Reason is bound up with the idea of the possibility to act on people's mentality, i. E. Exerting influence over classes, categories or social groups in order to determine a profound and persistent "conversion" of their representation of their own condition and, accordingly, of their behavioural pattern. This research, far from tackling the question of the actual political influence of the Philosophers, is devoted to a detection and description, drawing on the texts, of the presence in their ideas of different paradigms of minor influence like : plurality, utility, consistence, belonging. The research aims at showing the way in wich this paradigms can crystallise themselves in the idea of tolerance. The same phenomenological methodology will be used to test the spread of these paradigms in the neapolitan enlightenment
Marandet, François. "Marchands et collectionneurs de tableaux à Paris (1710-1756) : les acteurs et les mécanismes de circulation de la peinture dans la première moitié du 18ème siècle en France." Paris, EPHE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPHE4016.
Full textIn France, during the first half of the eighteenth century, the role played by art dealers in the formation of the greatest collections of painting (the Regent, Pierre Crozat, Countess de Verrue, prince of Carignano) remains an obscure matter. The discovery of the account book of an art dealer and of many other archival documents enables us to reconstitute some of the most important transactions of the art market. At the end of the reign of Louis XIV, jewelers like Le Tessier de Montarsis negotiated for the Regent and Pierre Crozat a series of fundamental works art (by Raphaël, Veronese, Poussin), while some "maîtres-peintres" like André Tramblin and Pierre Testard started playing a growing role in the exchanges. After 1720, dealers who came from the Netherlands and who had established themselves in Paris, especially Joseph-Ferdinand Godefroid, were now advising the most famous collectors. Renowned for their gifts as restorers, Flemish dealers promoted Northern genre scenes while the "classical taste" (Poussin, Titian, Tintoretto) fell into some kind of disgrace. The phenomenon can be seen when the collection of La Chataigneraye was auctioned (1733) and when some forty pictures were acquired to enrich the collection of Louis XIV (1742). The auction catalogue was now gradually spreading out and it is through this commercial tool that a mercier like Gersaint tried to develop his business. After 1740, german sovereigns turned more and more to the parisian art market, especially kings Augustus III and Frederic II. In 1756, the beginning of the war of the Seven Years was to put an end to this more european period of the markert of art
Michel, Marie-José. "La société janséniste parisienne (1640-1730)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010587.
Full textThe approach is based on an attempt to understand how french society was progressively "jansenisee" during the "ancien regime". The geographical framework is paris and its surroundings. 1640 and 1730 mark the beginning and the end of the study : from the influence of Saint-Cyran and jansen in France to the demise of the movement made inevitable by an accumulation of official condemnations. The importance and duration of this movement have been assessed using parochial archives, memoires, political pamphlets, satirical drawings and lists of "appelants". The jansenists at that time showed a new path to God, based on an individual "conversion" implying a spiritual development based on suspicion of the world and a quest for the absolute nature of god. This work gave rise to various passions and polemics, the defence of the jansenists themselves, the cutting criticism of the jesuits, then to the various reactions of philosophers, writers and the church over a long period. Jansenism in paris and france only became the subject of historical studies in the 1930s. "jansenisation" in paris spread over two distinct stages : the first from 1640 to 1709 springing from some outstanding individuals such as Saint-Cyran, Mother Angélique Arnauld, and the major spiritual leaders of the movement. With means adapted to the society of the time they understook a widereaching "jansenisation" of the disappointed elite. The movement reaches a peak between 1709 and 1730 based on a great number of jansenized clergy who knuckled down to the task of working at the parish level on adults and children : around 1730 two thirds of the population were "jansenized". This sucess was due to the quality of the mission which was adapted to the fears of the times and more inspiring than absolute monarchism
Duprat, Catherine. "Le temps des philanthropes : la philanthropie parisienne des Lumières à la monarchie de Juillet, pensée et action." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010558.
Full textThis research is a contribution to the practices in use in philanthropic societies, social patterns and social policies in paris from the end of the ancien regime to the july monarchy. It attemps to describe the activities of parisian philanthropists, inspired by the enlightenment ideas, as both public (voluntary participation to public bureaux de bienfaisance) and private practices. These private philanthropic societies, which neither had religious objectives nor ecclesiastical conduct, have a triple function : social enquiries, social action and social directions and advice. The study analyses the special aspect of parisian philanthropy as it was practiced at that time, its specific fields of activities (relief of the poor, "prevoyance", criminal laws, prisons, school, family, "patronage"), the relationship between donors and recipients, and last, the means, the impact and the legal results of its opinion campaigns
Bok-Rae, Kim. "Les consommations alimentaires de Paris au XVIIIe siècle et à la première moitié du XIXe siècle." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010533.
Full textParis is the greatest consuming city next to london. The regular security of food provisions of the capital, or the calculation constitute the first concern of french government. The result of this policy is to place paris in a special position. The Paris in the nineteenth century is epitomized by the rapidity of demographic growth. In the relation to the demography, this work is to analyse the tendencies of food consumptions from 1789 to 1860
Hubert, Armelle. "Etude des contrats de mariage et de la pratique notariale à Paris au milieu du XVIIIe siècle (1749-1758)." La Rochelle, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LAROD004.
Full textSeillan, Fabienne. "Jean-Benoît-Vincent Barré (1735-1824) : un architecte parisien à l'époque du retour à l'antique." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010671.
Full textLebeurre, Alexia. "Le décor intérieur des demeures à la mode dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle (Paris et Ile-de-France)." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010649.
Full textLedoux-Prouzeau, Marguerite. "Les fêtes parisiennes sous Louis XV : décor et rituel." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010596.
Full textDequidt, Marie-Agnès. "Temps et société : les horlogers parisiens (1750-1850)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST0014.
Full textBetween 1750 and 1850, Paris was a recognised international watch and clock-makingcentre. In a dynamic world, at a time of changing mentalities, the making of clocks and watchesoffers a snapshot of an activity transitioning from craft to industry. Watchmakers themselvesworked in the fields of mechanics and technical precision, the areas advancing Europedevelopment ahead of other continents. Studying time and watchmakers offers an important lensto understand the history of the late modern and early contemporary eras.The first part of the study introduces the men and women involved in the art ofwatchmaking. The 18th century hierarchy in the corporation foreshadows the difference betweenearly 19th-century owners and workers. Between the Old Regime and the July Monarchy,watchmakers’ organisations evolved but watchmakers perpetuate their actual precision work,although, as the quantities of clocks made in Paris decreased, clockmakers increasinglyparticipated in retailing. Through this close study, watchmakers’ role as businessmen, with theirsuccesses and failures, in their local and international business networks, is revealed.In the second part, emphasis is on the objects themselves, not just for their material orintrinsic value, but for what they reveal about their owners, across three themes: luxury watchesand clocks as social markers and export items; high accuracy clocks, connected to innovations;common watches and clocks and the widening range of buyers from all classes. The objects thenhelp us understand the importance of time measurement in the society and the perception of timeby clock owners from kings to popular classes
Demathieu, Ludovic. "Les Joullain : graveurs, éditeurs et marchands-experts à Paris au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30009.
Full textIn this study, we wish to approach all the activities of François and François-Charles Joullain which were, among others activities, engravers, publishers(editors) and traders of prints
Allard, Julie. "La généalogie d'une figure de l'angoisse : formes, pratiques et représentations de la place de Grève (Paris, 1667-1789)." Thèse, Paris 1, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1613/1/D1683.pdf.
Full textDi, Profio Alessandro. "L'opera buffa à Paris : le cas du Théâtre de Monsieur et du Théâtre Feydeau (1789-1792)." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR2022.
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