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Journal articles on the topic 'Parents'
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Masood, Ambrin F., Lisa A. Turner, and Abigail Baxter. "Causal Attributions and Parental Attitudes toward Children with Disabilities in the United States and Pakistan." Exceptional Children 73, no. 4 (July 2007): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440290707300405.
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Researchers investigated the relationship between parental attributions for children's disabilities and the quality of parent-child relationships, in both U.S. and Pakistani families. Parents of children with disabilities identified potential causes of the disability and rated their parent-child relationships. Factor analysis of the causal attributions resulted in 7 factors which became the subscales used to predict parent-child relationships. Findings indicate (a) Pakistani parents rated their relationships more negatively, (b) parents who rated “Something I Did” as an influential cause rated their parent-child relationships more negatively, and (c) parents who rated “Parent's Age” as an influential cause rated their parent-child relationships more positively. More important, parent education potentially could decrease self-blame and improve the parent-child relationship for the parents and the children.
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Toyokawa, Noriko, Nancy Darling, and Teru Toyokawa. "SCAFFOLDING PARENTS TO ACCEPT ADULT CHILDREN’S INTERVENTION." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S282—S283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1044.
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Abstract Guided by social-cognitive domain specific theory (Smetana, 1997), this study explored the issue of role reversal in the aging parent-adult child relation when parents are experiencing age-related functional limitations. Data was collected from adult children (N=16, Mage=53.06, SD=6.08) with a living parent of 70 years old or older who participated in a focus group and were analyzed by a directed analysis (Potter & Levine-Donnerstein, 1999). Participants legitimated their intervention into parents’ autonomy when they perceived a potential risk of parents’ health and safety and involvement of those and of others. Eight types of intervention emerged: (1) monitoring and talking with potential risk with parent (2) convincing parents under the name of super power or an authority figure (3) scaffolding parent’s task by teaching skills, (4) scaffolding by sharing role, (5) scaffolding by optimizing environment, (5) overriding parents’ autonomy behind parents, (6) forcefully overriding, (7) giving up parents’ behavioral modification by accepting parents’ lifestyle, and (8) giving up because of discomfort of talking about the issue (i.e., potential risks of parent’s sexual intercourse, parents’ death preparation). Thus, adult children changed their strategies of intervention from monitoring their parents’ behaviors to overriding parents’ autonomy, depending on their appraisal of potential harms of parents’ prudential and moral domains of life and of their own work/family conditions from monitoring to overriding. Adult children’s possible ways of scaffolding in helping their parents accept their children’s interventions as letting parents maintain their psychological autonomy, including communication skills to discuss uncomfortable topics is discussed.
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Wahab, Rosilah, and Fatin Farina Ain Ramli. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 7, no. 46 (June 28, 2022): 498–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.746037.
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Psychological distress referred to an emotional suffering state characterized by depression such as lost interest and hopelessness and anxiety symptoms such as felt tension and restlessness. Parents of children with special needs were likely to be at a higher risk of psychological distress since they might experience many challenges to raise the children. t The long-term issues of children with physical-motor disorders and mental retardation and the need for continuous treatment, these parents would experience high levels of stress and frequently became depressed, frustrated, and disappointed with their children development This study aimed to identify the severity of psychological distress of the parents among special needs children and the relationship between demographic variables and parents' psychological distress among special needs children. A total of 224 parents with special needs children in Terengganu were involved. The psychological distress of parents was measured by using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Results indicated 36.6% of parents were having severe distress, 21% were experiencing moderate distress and, 21.9% had mild distress. Parent’s job status had indicated a positive significant correlation between severity of psychological distress (r = 0.148, N = 224, p < 0.05). The other variables such as parent's age, parent’s gender, child’s age and diagnosis, parent’s marital status, and parent's education level had shown no significant correlation between the severities of psychological distress. In conclusion, most parents were having psychological distress. Nevertheless, only the job status had demonstrated an impact on the psychological distress of parents.
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Tang, Dan Dan, Mogana Dhamotharan, and Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman. "Unveiling Malaysian parents’ perspectives on existing quality of early childhood care and education." Perspectives of Science and Education 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2021.1.22.
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Introduction. Early childhood care and education is majorly concerning around the world. Malaysian government has formulated childhood care and education national policy and legal framework to protect the rights of childhood. However, the Education Blueprint of Malaysia acknowledged that serious problems still remain with the quality of education and the investment in education is not as high as expected. The objective of the study is to investigate parents' perspectives of quality ECCE programs with regard to center characteristics of environment, teachers, principals, curriculum as well as parent's communication and involvement opportunities. Materials and methods. Study has selected mix method approach where parent perspectives of existing quality of early childhood care and education (ECCE) in the selected states of Malaysia been obtained. The 629 questionnaires samples were distributed among the parent 's having a child in a pre-school and 22 parents took part in the focus group interviews, designed to elicit their perspectives of ECCE programs with regard to center characteristics, environment, teachers, principals, and curriculum as well as parent involvement and communication opportunities Results. Demographically results shows 60.8% female and 39.2% male participants have contributed with 32% age 31-35 years old, about 38.1% Malay followed by 32.2% Chines and 18% Indian ethnicity races were part of this study. The standard deviation analysis indicated that Parents’s perceptive on Centre Characteristics is (M=4.039, SD= 0.796) Parents’ Views on Environment (M=3.582, SD=0.953); Parents’ Views on Teachers and Principals (M=4.197, SD=0.731) Parents’ Views on Curriculum ((M=3.735, SD=0.771) and Parents’ Views on Parent Communication and Involvement Opportunities (M=4.171, SD=0.630). The overall statistical analysis shows parents’ perceptive is satisfactory on the quality of ECCE programmes. Conclusion. Study has concluded that parents have found ECCE programmes much effective where children not only enjoy but their learning improves. Parents have appreciated the quality of hygiene level and facilities in pre-school are up to the mark and standard but further can be improved. Quality of curriculum should have multilingual instruction and play based teaching and learning is suggested by the parent’s to improve.
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Cheng, Tyrone C., and Celia C. Lo. "Collaborative Alliance of Parent and Child Welfare Caseworker." Child Maltreatment 25, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559519865616.
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This secondary analysis of data describing 3,035 parents, drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II, identified factors fostering the collaborative alliance of parents and caseworkers within the child welfare system. We used generalized least squares random effects modeling for panel data. We sought associations between caseworker engagement as perceived by parent and parent’s interpersonal capacities, intrapersonal dynamics, problem severity, and racial/ethnic background, and between that perception and caseworker turnover. Parents in our sample had been substantiated for maltreatment of their children. Results showed that parent’s perceived caseworker engagement was associated positively with seven factors: parent’s social support, parent’s mental health, kinship care, out-of-home placement, parent’s African American ethnicity, parent’s Hispanic ethnicity, parent/caseworker shared ethnicity, and family income. Perceived engagement was associated negatively with caseworker turnover (i.e., number of caseworkers assigned, by turns, to parent’s case). Implications for practicing social work within the child welfare system are discussed.
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Margini. "Parents as chaperones the long distance study results for elementary school students." ETUDE: Journal of Educational Research 1, no. 4 (May 31, 2021): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.56724/etude.v1i4.40.
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Background: Student parents are supposed to provide maximum chaperones in primary school study. However, some parents are not at home at all and work late into the night, including the parents of Pasir Jawa 01. Purpose: The results of student study can be seen from parents' association. Therefore, the intent is to know the parent's relation to the students' learning during long distance study. Design and methods: The method used was the quantitative method, the collection of data done with Numbers and written documentation. The analysis subject is student parents and student learning during the long range learning process. Results: This study suggests that there is no or no influence between parent-teaching and student learning during long range study. This is because some of the student parents work late into the night so that the child feels inadequate to his or her parents' attention, when parents are not at home only a few students are accompanied by other family members, a parent's education, parental understanding in operating the technology and the student's parent's cell phone monitoring policies that cause a parent's absence from the results of a student's learning over long distances.
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Lunanta, Lita Patricia, Andi Rina Hatta, Veronica Kristiyani, and Srifianti Srifianti. "Pengaruh Parenting Stress terhadap Harga Diri Orangtua di JABODETABEK." MANASA 10, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/manasa.v10i1.2219.
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Situations that parents handle affect how they parent their children and this will affect howtheir children develop later on. The aim of this research is to analyze how parenting stressaffects other factors in parent’s psychological condition, especially in their self-esteem. Thisresearch was held to parents with middle school children who live in JABODETABEK with241 participants. The scale that was used to measure parenting stress is the one that Berry andJones (1995) developed and to measure self-esteem is The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventorythat was developed by Ryden (1978). This research used a quantitative descriptive method todescribe parenting stress and self-esteem of participants and used simple regression analysisto measure how parenting stress affects self-esteem of middle school children’s parents. Fromthe statistical analysis it was found that parenting stress contributed negatively (t (241) = -7.330, p <0.005) to self-esteem of parents with middle school age children in JABODETABEK.The higher the parenting stress the lower self-esteem becomes. Parenting stress contributed 18percent to self-esteem that means the remaining 82 percent of a parent's self-esteem wasdetermined by other factors.
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Szymańska, Agnieszka, and Kamila Anna Dobrenko. "The ways parents cope with stress in difficult parenting situations: the structural equation modeling approach." PeerJ 5 (June 12, 2017): e3384. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3384.
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The purpose of this study was to verify a theoretical model of parents’ responses to difficulties they experienced with their child. The model presents relationships between seven variables: (a) discrepancy between parental goal and the child’s current level of development, (b) parental experience of a difficulty, (c) representation of the child in the parent’s mind, (d) parent’s withdrawal from the parenting situation, (e) seeking help, (f) distancing oneself from the situation, and (g) applying pressure on the child. The study involved 319 parents of preschool children: 66 parents of three-year-olds, 85 parents of four-year-olds, 99 parents of five-year-olds and 69 parents of six-year-old children. Structural equations modeling (SEM) was used to verify the compounds described in the theoretical model. The studies revealed that when a parent is experiencing difficulties, the probability increases that the parent will have one of two reactions towards that type of stress: withdrawal from the situation or applying pressure on the child. Experiencing difficulties has no connection with searching for help and is negatively related to distancing oneself from the situation.
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Ramachandran, Rajani. "A qualitative study on perspective of parents of children with autism on the nature of parent–professional relationship in Kerala, India." Autism 24, no. 6 (April 24, 2020): 1521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320912156.
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This study explored the nature of relationship between parents of children with autism and professionals who provide therapy-based service for autism in Kerala, India. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interview with 21 parents of children with autism whose age ranged between 5.8 and 17.3 years helped identify three themes related to the nature of parent–professional relationship—information, responsibility, and personal growth. There was a dearth of scheduled, in-depth, and personalized one-on-one interaction between the parent and the professional. Though parents were involved hands on in their child’s training under professional direction, they remained mere information providers in decision making. The parent–professional relationship did not nurture parent’s self efficacy. This led to parents feeling inadequate to provide for their child’s developmental needs and being apprehensive about adulthood. The customary nature of parent–professional relationship observed may be a reflection of the collectivist culture in India. The need for parent-mediated interventions and for it to focus on enabling parents to break cultural barriers that might be holding them back from partnering with professionals on equal terms is discussed. Lay Abstract This study explored the nature of relationship between parents of children with autism and professionals who provide therapy-based services for autism in Kerala, India. Given the shortage of professionally qualified therapists and educators (particularly in the case of autism) in low- and medium-income countries, parent-mediated interventions where professionals and parents work as partners are recommended as an effective means to meet the demand. However, for parent-mediated interventions to be effective, we first need to understand the customary nature of parent–professional relationship and develop the intervention accordingly. It is within this context that parents of 21 children with autism whose age ranged between 5.8 and 17.3 years were interviewed in order to understand the customary nature of parent–professional relationship. There was a dearth of scheduled, in-depth, and personalized one-on-one interaction between the parent and the professional. Though parents were involved hands on in their child’s training under professional direction, they remained mere information providers in decision making. The parent–professional relationship did not nurture parent’s self efficacy. This led to parents feeling inadequate to provide for their child’s developmental needs and being apprehensive about adulthood. The customary nature of parent–professional relationship observed may be a reflection of the collectivist culture in India. The findings suggest that parent-mediated interventions will need to focus on enabling parents to break cultural barriers that might be holding them back from partnering with professionals as equals.
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Luelmo, Paul, and Connie Kasari. "Randomized pilot study of a special education advocacy program for Latinx/minority parents of children with autism spectrum disorder." Autism 25, no. 6 (April 16, 2021): 1809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321998561.
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This study reports on a randomized controlled pilot intervention study examining the effectiveness and feasibility of a low-intensity (i.e. three sessions), low-cost, parent advocacy intervention. The intervention study employed community-partnered research methods and targeted a low-income community of mostly Latinx, immigrant-origin parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. The study was designed to test a parent-to-parent advocacy mentorship program in order to increase parent’s special education advocacy knowledge and empowerment. The educational intervention was delivered in Spanish to Spanish-speaking parents. Results indicated significantly increased in parent’s knowledge in the immediate intervention group, but this knowledge did not lead to greater sense of parent’s empowerment. Increases in knowledge about special education rights of their children are the first step toward advocating for services for their children. While parents from low-income, racial/ethnic minority backgrounds, particularly Latinx parents, can significantly increase their advocacy skills with a low-intensity, low-cost program, they may need more support in changing their self-perceptions of empowerment and advocacy. Lay abstract Persistent racial and ethnic disparities in obtaining an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and services have been documented for Latinx children and other racial/ethnic minorities. This study reports on an educational intervention examining the effectiveness and feasibility of a low-intensity (i.e. three sessions), low-cost, parent advocacy for Latinx and other minority parents of children with autism. Results indicated significantly increased parental knowledge and in the immediate intervention group, but this knowledge did not lead to greater empowerment. While parents from low-income, racial/ethnic minority backgrounds, particularly Latinx parents, can significantly increase their advocacy skills with a low-intensity, low-cost program, they may need more support in changing their self-perceptions of empowerment and advocacy.
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Goldberg, Alon. "Resolution of a Parent’s Disease: Attachment and Well-Being in Offspring of Parents Diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 12, no. 3 (April 5, 2022): 1003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-212931.
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Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common chronic, progressive neurodegenerative diseases, with well-developed research focusing on the caregiver-spouse showing low well-being along with predeath grief and feelings of loss among caregivers. However, offspring of a parent diagnosed with PD may also suffer predeath grief and loss even if they are not their parent‘s main caregiver. Yet, this research is not well developed. Objective: The objective of the current study was to examine offspring’s coming to terms with their parent’s PD and the well-being of the offspring, within the conceptual framework of attachment theory. Methods: Seventy-one Israeli adult children of parents with PD participated in the study and completed self-report questionnaires assessing their resolution of their parent‘s PD, attachment, well-being, and the severity of the PD symptoms. Results: Results showed that attachment anxiety negatively associated with higher resolution of the parent’s disease, beyond the effect of the PD symptoms’ severity. In addition, resolution of the parent’s disease was positively associated with the offspring‘s well-being. Conclusion: Resolution of a parent’s PD is highly challenging for offspring with attachment anxiety. Therefore, targeting these individuals within the offspring of parents diagnosed with PD may assist them with coping during this challenging period. This may be especially impactful, as research shows that those offspring who resolve their parent’s PD also have higher well-being.
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Pearson, Jolene, and Kate Andersen. "Evaluation of a Program to Promote Positive Parenting in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit." Neonatal Network 20, no. 4 (June 2001): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.20.4.43.
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Purpose: To describe and evaluate a parent education program to promote positive parenting in the NICU.Design: Program evaluations completed by parent participants and staff members.Sample: 104 parents (59 mothers and 45 fathers) who attended the Parent’s Circle; also 44 NICU or SCN staff members.Main Outcome Variable: Family and staff evaluations of the Parent’s Circle program.Results: Families reported that attending Parent’s Circle helped them gain perspective on their situation, feel supported, learn key developmental concepts, locate hospital and community resources, and optimize interactions with their fragile infant. Staff reported that the knowledge parents gained from Parent’s Circle influenced their interactions and behaviors in the NICU.
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Wanicharoen, Natwipa, Tavee Cheausuwantavee, Issavara Sirirungruang, and Pongsak Noipayak. "Perceptions of Thai Parents Regarding Child Language Development and Parent-Implemented Intervention." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 14, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 1207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v14i1.221138.
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This phenomenology study was conducted to explore the parents’ perceptions of the language development of children with language impairment (LI) before and after participation in parent-implemented enhanced milieu teaching (EMT) using the teach-model-coach-review (TMCR) model and the parents’ suggestions for improvement in language development of children with LI. Thirteen parents of children with LI participated in semi-structured interview. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the content. The findings of the study show that before participation in the intervention, parents perceived that requesting and asking someone to do something was important for their children, and they expected that their children would reach language development milestones. Parents also expected that speech therapy was clinician-directed therapy. After an eight-week parent training program, parents felt empowered and learned the EMT language strategies and implemented these strategies in the clinical and home settings. They were satisfied with the language outcomes of their children. In addition, the findings of the study show that parents suggest that parent-child interaction and the home language environment play an important role in their child’s language development.
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Saßmann, Heike, Su-Jong Kim-Dorner, Verena Berndt, Torben Biester, Andrea Dehn-Hindenberg, Bettina Heidtmann, Norbert Jorch, et al. "Understanding Daily, Emotional, and Physical Burdens and Needs of Parents Caring for Children with Type 1 Diabetes." Journal of Diabetes Research 2022 (December 13, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9604115.
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Aims. To investigate (1) daily, emotional, and physical caregiving burdens in parents of children with type 1 diabetes, (2) the sociodemographic and clinical predictors of three burdens, and (3) support measures that parents wish to receive. Methods. The study was a multicenter cross-sectional survey conducted in nine German pediatric diabetes centers. A questionnaire assessing three types of burdens and wishes for support was distributed to parents with a child with type 1 diabetes visiting one of the pediatric centers for a routine check-up. Results. Data from 1,107 parents (83% mothers) were analyzed. Parents reported significantly higher emotional burdens compared to daily and physical burdens ( p < 0.0001 ). Mothers felt more burdened than fathers did. Parents of younger children reported higher daily and physical burdens compared to the parents of older children, and similarly, parents of technology users reported higher daily and physical burdens compared to the parents of nontechnology users. However, emotional burdens did not differ in both comparisons. Other demographic factors (i.e., parent’s age, migration status, and single-parent family status) predicted high levels of daily or physical burdens, but only HbA1c level and the parent’s gender (mother) predicted a high emotional burden. Independent of the level of burden, 78% of parents wanted additional diabetes training. Conclusion. Despite parents reporting high emotional burdens in connection with diabetes care, HbA1c and the gender of the reporting parent were the only risk factors. As the child gets older, parents’ daily and physical distress decrease but not the emotional burden. Diabetes training including regularly offered booster sessions as well as low-threshold interventions for mental health issues and practical self-care skills is recommended to provide continuous support for parents.
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Werner-Lin, Allison, and Nancee M. Biank. "Holding Parents So They Can Hold Their Children: Grief Work with Surviving Spouses to Support Parentally Bereaved Children." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 66, no. 1 (February 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.66.1.a.
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A child's adjustment to the death of a parent is greatly influenced by the surviving parent's ability to attend to his or her own grief-related needs, to create and sustain a consistent and nurturing environment, and to encourage the child to express distressing or conflicting thoughts, feelings, and fantasies about the loss. Yet, the surviving parent's grief often compromises their ability to parent consistently and empathically. This article will illustrate how, by providing a holding environment for whole families, clinicians can help parents to facilitate children's grief reactions and, thus, mitigate long-term adverse mental health outcomes. Family Matters programs, designed and implemented in a community agency, use a holistic approach to family support and treatment in a milieu setting. Combining therapeutic work with surviving spouses and bereaved children supports children's grief while facilitating newly single parents as they adapt the structure of family life. When clinical work with families begins before the ill parent dies, the clinicians may build a relationship with the dying parent, prepare the child and surviving spouse for life after loss, and support continuity in family culture. We introduce a curriculum for simultaneously supporting bereaved children and parents, present a series of common challenges faced by surviving parents, and suggest avenues for intervention research.
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Richards, Olivia K., Carol F. Scott, Allison Spiller, and Gabriela Marcu. ""Wearing a High Heel and a House Shoe at the Same Time": Parents' Information Needs While Navigating Change in their Child's Behavioral Care." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555772.
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Change is an inevitable part of a parent's role, whether due to their child's development, family life, or external events. To understand the information needs of parents navigating change, we studied the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as a widely experienced disruption in the lives of parents and children. We interviewed 16 parents about their caregiving experience as the COVID-19 pandemic collapsed boundaries between home, school, and work. In particular, we asked about adjustments to behavioral care, or the social learning, supports, and interventions through which children develop social and emotional skills. We focused on parents of children already receiving accommodations and behavioral support from their school, to understand how disruptions in these services affected the role of the parent in meeting their child's individual needs. Applying role theory and the Kübler-Ross change curve, we describe the coping mechanisms that parents used to navigate the stages of change, as well as the information needs that remained unmet, despite their efforts. We discuss how practitioner-initiated and parent-centered supports can be designed around the lived experience of change, by accommodating a parent's capacity to accept and use help at different stages.
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Pracht, Dale Wayne, Victoria Houghton, Kate Fogarty, and Michael Sagas. "Parents’ Motivations for Enrolling their Children in Recreational Sports." Journal of Amateur Sport 6, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jas.v6i1.8250.
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Extensive literature covers reasons for participation in sports from the perspective of youth athletes. However, athletic involvement starts early and is determined in part by parental support. The purpose of this study was to learn more about parents’ motivations for enrolling their children in sports. A 49-item parent motivational scale of reasons for enrolling child(ren) in sports was created as part of the study first as a pilot and later tested with 84 parent participants who had school-aged children enrolled in recreational sports. An open-ended question on primary reasons why parents enrolled their child in sports was also included in the study. Exploratory factor analysis of the motivational scale indicated a four-component solution for types of reasons parents enrolled their children in sports: 1. Extrinsic/parent-focused; 2. Child growth and development; 3. Social benefits; and 4. Health/well-being. Parents rated the latter three types of beneficial reasons for enrolling children in sports more highly than extrinsic/parent-focused ones and were more likely to list beneficial than extrinsic reasons in the open-ended question. Scores on several individual motivational items varied by child’s, not parent’s, gender and parent’s marital status. Implications for use of self-determination and expectancy-value theoretical perspectives, understanding parents’ motivations to encourage children’s sports participation while considering family structure and gender of child, and study limitations with ideas for future research are discussed.
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Lee, Do Yeong, and Sung Bong Lee. "A Study of Parents’ Perceptions and Changes in Children’s Education through the Applied Behavior Analysis Training for Parents with Children with Developmental Disabilities." Journal of Behavior Analysis and Support 6, no. 3 (December 2019): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22874/kaba.2019.6.3.19.
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This study investigates the changes in parents’ perception of ABA education and the changes in their education of children after conducting ABA parent education for parents of children with developmental disabilities. The study participants were six parents with children who have developmental disabilities and had received ABA theoretical education and practical training. They were given in-depth interviews on ABA parent education. The results of the research are as follows. First, the effectiveness of ABA was positively recognized, and the scope of its application was more widely recognized. They were satisfied with the education’s contents, its operation methods, and the education’s results. Second, the parent’s quality of life has improved generally. They looked objectively at the children’s problem behavior and showed positive psychological status as their family relations improved. Third, the parent ’s ability to raise children improved significantly. Parenting skills increased, parenting stress decreased and the participants recognized themselves as competent parents. Fourth, ABA principles and strategies were routinely used for children’s education. Although an average of more than one year has passed since the completion of their education, the contents of the education were well applied and maintained throughout their everyday lives. These results show that ABA training for parents with children with developmental disabilities has a positive effect on the parent’s perception and their children’s education.
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Roose, Rosmarie, Rachel M. Mirecki, and Cathy Blanford. "Parents Supporting Parents: Implementing a Peer Parent Program for Perinatal Loss." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 43 (June 2014): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1552-6909.12428.
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Azhari, Atiqah, Ariel Wan Ting Wong, Mengyu Lim, Jan Paolo Macapinlac Balagtas, Giulio Gabrieli, Peipei Setoh, and Gianluca Esposito. "Parents’ Past Bonding Experience with Their Parents Interacts with Current Parenting Stress to Influence the Quality of Interaction with Their Child." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 7, 2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10070114.
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Healthy dyadic interactions serve as a foundation for child development and are typically characterised by mutual emotional availability of both the parent and child. However, several parental factors might undermine optimal parent–child interactions, including the parent’s current parenting stress levels and the parent’s past bonding experiences with his/her own parents. To date, no study has investigated the possible interaction of parenting stress and parental bonding history with their own parents on the quality of emotional availability during play interactions. In this study, 29 father–child dyads (18 boys, 11 girls; father’s age = 38.07 years, child’s age = 42.21 months) and 36 mother–child dyads (21 boys, 15 girls; mother’s age = 34.75 years, child’s age = 41.72 months) from different families were recruited to participate in a 10-min play session after reporting on their current parenting stress and past care and overprotection experience with their parents. We measured the emotional availability of mother–child and father–child play across four adult subscales (i.e., sensitivity, structuring, non-intrusiveness, non-hostility) and two child subscales (i.e., involvement and responsiveness). Regression slope analyses showed that parenting stress stemming from having a difficult child predicts adult non-hostility, and is moderated by the parents’ previously experienced maternal overprotection. When parenting stress is low, higher maternal overprotection experienced by the parent in the past would predict greater non-hostility during play. This finding suggests that parents’ present stress levels and past bonding experiences with their parents interact to influence the quality of dyadic interaction with their child.
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Ben-Ari, Amichai, Roy Aloni, Shiri Ben-David, Fortu Benarroch, and Daniella Margalit. "Parental Psychological Flexibility as a Mediating Factor of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children after Hospitalization or Surgery." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 11699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111699.
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Background: Illness, surgery, and surgical hospitalization are significant stressors for children. Children exposed to such medical events may develop post-traumatic medical syndrome (PMTS, pediatric medical traumatic stress) that could slow their physical and emotional recovery. Objective: This study examined the relationship between the level of parental psychological resilience and the development of PMTS in young children. Method: We surveyed 152 parents of children aged 1–6 who were admitted to the pediatric surgery department. Parents completed questionnaires in two phases. In the first phase, one of the parents completed the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-ll) and the Parental Psychological Flexibility (PPF) Questionnaire. In the second phase, about three months after discharge, the same parent completed the Young Child PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) Checklist (YCPC) and the UCLA (Los Angeles, CA, USA) PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-5 Parent/Caregiver Version for Children Age 6 Years and Younger Evaluating Post-traumatic Disorder. In addition, the parent completed a Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) questionnaire to assess the existence of post-traumatic symptoms in the parents. Results: The findings indicate that (1) a parent’s psychological flexibility is significantly associated with the level of personal distress (r = −0.45, p < 0.001), (2) a parents’ level of distress is significantly correlated with the child’s level of PTMS, and (3) a parent’s level of psychological flexibility is a significant mediating factor between the level of parental post-traumatic distress and the child’s level of PTMS. Conclusions: A parent’s psychological flexibility may act as a protective factor against the development of the child’s mental distress after hospitalization or surgery.
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Loewenstein, Kristy. "Parent Psychological Distress in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Within the Context of the Social Ecological Model: A Scoping Review." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 24, no. 6 (March 26, 2018): 495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390318765205.
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BACKGROUND: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parents are at risk for psychological distress and impaired mental health, and statistics related to parent psychological distress vary. OBJECTIVE: To determine the scope of literature regarding the mental health and psychosocial well-being of parents in the NICU. DESIGN: A scoping review within the Arksey and O’Malley framework and the SEM was undertaken to answer, “What factors contribute to parent’s mental health in the NICU?” A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PRISMA methodology. RESULTS: Common socioeconomic factors and infant and parent characteristics may place parents at a greater risk for developing distress. History of mental illness, family cohesion, birth trauma, altered parenting role, gestational age, birth weight, and severity of prematurity/illness emerged as themes. CONCLUSION: Further research is required to provide a standard for the screening and assessment of parents’ mental health and psychosocial well-being during a NICU hospitalization. The experiences of nonbirth parents in the NICU should be explored to examine the effects of the hospitalization on all types of parents.
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Ameen, Nihad A., and Nihad A. Ameen. "The Inheritance of Elbow Crease Trait in a group of families in Erbil city/ Iraq." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2013.7.2.258.
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The present study aimed to know the inheritance method of elbow crease trait in human from parents to their offspring, our study included (100) families (parents, sons and daughters) however we have studied the effect of parent degree of consanguinity, blood groups on the transmission of this trait from parents to their offspring. The result indicates there was no significant association between parent’s degree of consanguinity and transmission of elbow crease because the ratio of randomly selected foreigner parents were %65. In addition our study involved the study of some other factors like blood groups which has also no significant effect. There were several significant association of presence of elbow crease in both parents and their offspring.
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YOSHIDA, Hanako, Paul CIRINO, Sarah S. MIRE, Joseph M. BURLING, and Sunbok LEE. "Parents’ gesture adaptations to children with autism spectrum disorder." Journal of Child Language 47, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000497.
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AbstractThe present study focused on parents’ social cue use in relation to young children's attention. Participants were ten parent–child dyads; all children were 36 to 60 months old and were either typically developing (TD) or were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children wore a head-mounted camera that recorded the proximate child view while their parent played with them. The study compared the following between the TD and ASD groups: (a) frequency of parent's gesture use; (b) parents’ monitoring of their child's face; and (c) how children looked at parents’ gestures. Results from Bayesian estimation indicated that, compared to the TD group, parents of children with ASD produced more gestures, more closely monitored their children's faces, and provided more scaffolding for their children's visual experiences. Our findings suggest the importance of further investigating parents’ visual and gestural scaffolding as a potential developmental mechanism for children's early learning, including for children with ASD.
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Askell-Williams, Helen. "Parents’ Perspectives of School Mental Health Promotion Initiatives are Related to Parents’ Self-Assessed Parenting Capabilities." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 26, no. 1 (December 7, 2015): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2015.28.
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Achieving broad-scale parent1 engagement with school initiatives has proven elusive. This article reports survey data from 287 Maltese parents about their perceptions of the quality of their child's school's initiatives for promoting students’ wellbeing and mental health. Findings indicate that, on average, parents rated school initiatives highly. However, a MANCOVA of respondents grouped into three categories of Self-Assessed Parenting Capabilities (low, medium, high) showed that parents who held low perceptions of their own parenting capabilities also held significantly lower perceptions of the quality of schools’ mental health promotion initiatives. Less favourable dispositions towards school mental health promotion initiatives by parents with relatively low-parenting capabilities have implications for the design and delivery of school-based initiatives. For example, typical parent engagement, support and information provision activities (e.g., parent-teacher meetings, newsletters) might be less well received in families that arguably have a greater need to engage with such initiatives. This study has implications for whole-school mental health promotion initiatives that seek to include all parents.
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Jariwala, Harsha Vijaykumar. "Effect of Perception Differences in Money Communication Between Parent-Adolescents on Financial Autonomy: An Experimental Study Using Financial Education Workshops." Applied Finance Letters 9, SI (November 18, 2020): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/afl.v9i2.241.
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This study evaluates the effect of parent-child money communication on financial autonomy of the adolescents by considering the gender of the parent as a controlled variable by utilizing pre- and post- survey based experimental research design. The sample consisted of 300 female parents and their children under adolescence stage of life. Assuming that claim is often made by parents regarding their frequent money communication with their children, their children were asked to rate their perception towards parent’s money communication with them. Later, their female parent (mother) were invited for financial education workshops series and asked to complete pre-survey before they attended the first financial education workshop. The follow-up survey was done for female parents and their adolescent children six months after completion of the financial education workshop series. In both the surveys, 300 responses were collected from female parents and adolescents on nineteen pairs of money communication, wherein parents were not told that their children were also asked to rate the matching pair of each item of parent money communication scale and vice versa. The financial autonomy was measured by using pre- and post- surveys, wherein only adolescents participated in the surveys. The results of paired t-test provides noticeable conclusion that financial education given to the parent positively enhances money communication among parent-adolescent by reducing the disparity in the responses collected from the parents and adolescents on each matched pairs separately and collectively and this reduced disparity leads to enhance the financial autonomy of the adolescents. The findings may help policy makers and financial educators to design and implement such workshops which may open lines of “money communication” between parents and children.
Key words: financial education workshops, parent-adolescent money communication, financial autonomy.
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Poulin, Nicole, and Brian L. Mishara. "A Comparison of Adult Attitudes Toward Their Parents' Sexuality and Their Parents' Attitudes." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 13, no. 1 (1994): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800006589.
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ABSTRACTThis study compared the attitudes of adult children toward the sexuality of their older parents with their parent's own attitudes toward sexuality. A 56-item questionnaire was given to 41 family pairs consisting of a parent over age 65 and his or her son or daughter. Questions were based upon previous studies and involved six point Likért ratings. In general, attitudes toward sexuality were positive among parents and their adult children. However, adult children had significantly more positive attitudes than their parents. This difference was primarily due to more positive attitudes toward physical aspects of sexual behaviours. Overall, the disapproval and negative attitudes of adult children reported in previous research were not found in this study. Adult children had positive attitudes, much more positive attitudes than their parents, possibly due to a cohort effect
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Hasson-Ohayon, Ilanit, and Michal Braun. "Being a parent and coping with cancer: Intervention development." Palliative and Supportive Care 9, no. 2 (May 4, 2011): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951511000174.
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AbstractObjective:Diagnosis of a parent's cancer has a profound influence on the parent, the children and the child–parent relationship, and puts all family members at risk for psychological distress. This article describes the development and the first attempts at implementation of an intervention aimed at helping people cope with difficulties arising from being both parents and cancer patients.Methods:Based on themes discussed in focus groups with parents coping with cancer and with professionals in the field, a four-module psychological intervention was developed. The modules are: Telling and Sharing, Children’ Responses, Routine and Changes, and Learning and Awareness as a Parent. The techniques used are mainly psycho-educational and cognitive–behavioral.Results:Preliminary experience showed this intervention to be more feasible as a one-day workshop than as a four-session intervention. Parents who participated in two workshops reported it to be helpful in empowering them as parents and in imparting learning tools for identifying their children's needs, as well as for communicating with their children.Significance of results:Intervention tailored specifically for parents coping with cancer can be relevant for their special needs. Research is needed to establish the effectiveness of this intervention.
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Hobson, Sarah, Grace Heasley, and Abigail Evans. "Bridging the gap between foster care and birth families: How the Circle of Security Parenting Programme™ inspired change within a therapeutic service for looked after children and young people." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 369 (October 2023): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2023.1.369.67.
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The 8 week Circle of Security Parenting Programme™ (COSP) was delivered to parents who were working with Children’s Services in Monmouthshire. The group was delivered to help support children’s transition back to birth parents following a period of time in foster care. This process highlighted the impact on parent’s human rights; not only through having their children removed from their care but their experience of parenting a child alongside a corporate parent (Children’s Services). Parents reported feeling scrutinised, unsupported and degraded at times. This led us to consider how we can promote the human rights of parents to continue to parent their child whilst also balance the rights of the child to receive safe, nurturing, predictable care. Changes to service delivery followed with more consideration and open discussion about the human rights of both parent and child during our regular consultations. In addition, we are working more closely with the Family Time Team who supervise contact between families. This work is to promote the human rights of parents and children to continue to have a positive relationship and to share this approach with our foster carers, bridging the gap between them and the birth family.
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An, Sun-Hee, and Eun-Hyun Sung. "Development of Parent Education Program Combining Art Activities and Thinking Tools to Improve Creativity and Verification of Effects." Korean Society for Creativity Education 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36358/jce.2022.22.3.1.
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The purpose of this study is to develop a parent education program by combining art activities and thinking tools, and to verify its effect on parent’s creativity (creative thinking, creative personality), creative home environment, and child's creative characteristics. The subjects of this study were 72 parents of infants attending two kindergartens located in Gyeonggi-do and Chungnam-do, and 36 parents were assigned to the experimental group and the rest to the control group. After developing a parent education program that combines art activities and thinking tools, the experimental group conducted the program twice a week for 6 weeks for a total of 12 hours, and the control group did not receive any treatment. To verify the effects of the program, the experimental group and the control group were tested for creative thinking ability, creative personality test, creative home environment test, and the child's creative characteristics test, one week before the program execution and one week after the end of the program. The collected pre and post test data were verified whether there was a difference between the experimental group and the control group through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The result was that the creativity parent education program developed in this study had significant effects in improving parent's creative thinking ability, enhancing parent's creative personality, creating a creative home environment, and enhancing child's creative characteristics. The significance and limitations of this study, and future research directions were discussed.
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Elci, Ebru, and Cigdem Kuloglu. "The effect of parental education levels on children’s rights knowledge levels and attitude." Contemporary Educational Researches Journal 9, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v9i4.4419.
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The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the attitudes of parents toward children’s rights and educational levels of their parents. The researcher’s universe consists of parents who live in Istanbul and has children between the ages of 6 and 14, and sampling consists of a total of 3100 parents (1550 mothers and 1550 fathers). The data of the study were collected with a Likert type Parent-Child Rights Attitude Scale consisting of 63 items. The scale evaluates the attitudes of the parents toward their children’s rights as two main attitudes, ‘Care and Protection’ and ‘Self-Determination’. In ‘Care and Protection’ attitude, there are two sub-dimensional structures as ‘Government Assurance and Support’ and ‘Care and Protection’. The ‘Self-Determination’ attitude has a single sub-dimensional structure. In the analysis of data, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program was used beside necessary statistical techniques. The data obtained regarding the effect of parents' education levels on their attitudes toward children’s rights are presented in a tabular form with respective frequencies.
Keywords: Children’s rights, parent’s attitudes toward child rights, parent’s attitudes
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Schafer, Markus, and Haosen Sun. "There at Any Distance? Geographic Proximity and the Presence of Adult Children in Older People’s’ Confidant Networks." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1653.
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Abstract Adult children are key members of their aging parents’ close social network, often providing emotional and advisory supports. Still, adult children are not a guaranteed presence in older people’s core discussion networks. Geographical distance is a leading explanation for why some children are excluded from the confidant network, but we hypothesize that certain parent- and dyadic-level factors make these intergenerational ties more resilient to distance. Using wave six of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe, we identified whether a living adult child was also a member of the parent’s egocentric confidant network. We modeled the effect of the child (Level 1) and parent (Level 2) characteristics on the exclusion of a child from the core network using hierarchical logit models. We found that fifty-eight percent of children were excluded from a parent’s network. Parents were more likely to exclude those who lived more than 25 km compared to children who lived within 5 km. The impact of distance was exacerbated among parents who were older, partnered, or had four or more children. Parents with higher education and good computer skills were less sensitive to longer distances when listing a child as a confidant. Finally, parents who had confidants outside of the nuclear family and who lived in Northern Europe were less likely to exclude a child over 100 km from their confidant network. Together, results indicate that a number of demographic factors and personal and social resources contribute to the elasticity of parent-child ties across long distances.
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Milgram, Norman A., and Mira Atzil. "Consensus and Conflict in Parents of Autistic Children." Psychological Reports 61, no. 2 (October 1987): 557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.2.557.
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Parents raising autistic children at home tended to agree on “objective” aspects of parenting—how difficult their child is, each parent's share of parenting responsibility, school/home collaboration, counseling received, child's attainments at maturity. They disagree on the “subjective”—fairness of each parent's share of parenting, how much each parent should do, whether child's living at home is worthwhile. Latter findings suggest parental discord warranting professional counseling.
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Baraldi, Erika, Mara Westling Allodi, Ann-Charlotte Smedler, Björn Westrup, Kristina Löwing, and Ulrika Ådén. "Parents’ Experiences of the First Year at Home with an Infant Born Extremely Preterm with and without Post-Discharge Intervention: Ambivalence, Loneliness, and Relationship Impact." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 13, 2020): 9326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249326.
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With increasing survival rates of children born extremely preterm (EPT), before gestational week 28, the post-discharge life of these families has gained significant research interest. Quantitative studies of parental experiences post-discharge have previously reported elevated levels depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress-disorder and anxiety among the parents. The current investigation aims to qualitatively explore the situation for parents of children born EPT in Sweden during the first year at home. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 17 parents of 14 children born EPT; eight parents were from an early intervention group and nine parents from a group that received treatment as usual, with extended follow-up procedures. Three main themes were identified using a thematic analytic approach: child-related concerns, the inner state of the parent, and changed family dynamics. Parents in the intervention group also expressed themes related to the intervention, as a sense of security and knowledgeable interventionists. The results are discussed in relation to different concepts of health, parent–child interaction and attachment, and models of the recovery processes. In conclusion, parents describe the first year at home as a time of prolonged parental worries for the child as well as concerns regarding the parent’s own emotional state.
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Brown, Jenny. "Parents’ experiences of their adolescent’s mental health treatment: Helplessness or agency-based hope." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 23, no. 4 (June 12, 2018): 644–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104518778330.
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This article explores some core findings from a qualitative investigation of parents’ experiences of their child’s treatment in an adolescent mental health service in Sydney, Australia. In particular, the research question was, “How does parents’ involvement in the child/adolescent’s treatment influence their perception of how they can be helpful in their child’s recovery?” The theme of parent hope emerged from the broad qualitative exploration of parent’s experience of their involvement in their adolescent’s intensive treatment program. A purposive sample of 14 sets of parents participated, being interviewed at admission, discharge, and 6 months following their adolescent’s discharge. A continuum of high, moderate, and low levels of hope were evident in this parent sample 6 months after their treatment involvement. The strongly emergent theme was the relationship between parents’ hope and agency/self-efficacy. Parents who remained more passive in expecting expert helpers to fix their child experienced reduced hope months after finishing the program. When parents positively changed their interaction with their child, they felt a more sustained hopefulness. These findings generate the hypothesis that if parents are actively involved in changing themselves as part of their child’s treatment, they experience increased hope and effectiveness in contributing to their child’s recovery.
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HERNDON, RYAN W., and WILLIAM G. IACONO. "Psychiatric disorder in the children of antisocial parents." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 12 (July 26, 2005): 1815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291705005635.
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Background. Although parents with psychiatric disorders are likely to have children with psychiatric problems, the nature of disorder risk to offspring of antisocial parents has received limited attention.Method. We examined the prevalence of common externalizing and internalizing disorders in the pre-adolescent and late adolescent offspring of antisocial parents. Lifetime diagnoses for a sample of 11-year-old twins (958 males, 1042 females) and a sample of 17-year-old twins (1332 males, 1434 females), as well as their parents, were obtained through in-person interviews. Odds ratios were calculated for the effect of the parent's diagnosis on the child's diagnosis, controlling for the effect of the co-parent's diagnosis.Results. We found that parental antisociality places the child at increased risk for developing a range of externalizing and internalizing disorders. This increase is evident by pre-adolescence and extends to a wide range of disorders by late adolescence. Each parent has an effect net any effects of the co-parent.Conclusions. Antisocial parents have children who have an increased likelihood of developing a broad range of psychiatric disorders.
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Sylvestre, Audette, Mélissa Di Sante, and Caroline Bouchard. "Interactions parent-enfant et développement langagier d'enfants négligés âgés de 3,5 ans." Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, no. 66 (January 1, 2017): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2017.2881.
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Child neglect is a parent's failure to respond to his child's fundamental needs. In this context, language development is particularly vulnerable as it depends on frequent and sensitive parent-child interactions. After having established the prevalence of language delays among neglected children, this study aims to compare dimensions of parent-child interactions in neglectful and non-neglectful dyads and to identify interactional dimensions associated with the language skills of neglected children. Fifteen neglected and 61 nonneglected children aged 3.5 years and their parents participated in the study. Results show that neglected children present significant delays in all language measures. Neglectful parents displayed less responsiveness and less positive affect toward their child than nonneglectful parents. Clinical and research implications conclude this paper.
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Wang, Haowei, Kyungmin Kim, Kira S. Birditt, Steven H. Zarit, and Karen L. Fingerman. "Middle-Aged Children’s Coping Strategies With Tensions in the Aging Parent–Child Tie." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 90, no. 3 (January 6, 2019): 234–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415018822079.
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Middle-aged children may cope in different ways with interpersonal tensions with their aging parents. This study examined coping strategies as a function of parent’s age and disability and children’s emotions (i.e., guilty feelings and worry). Middle-aged children ( N = 378) reported coping strategies when encountering interpersonal tensions with each of parents ( N = 482): engagement, acceptance, avoidance, and confrontation. Middle-aged children also indicated how guilty and worried they felt about each parent. Multilevel models indicated that middle-aged children were most likely to use engagement and acceptance strategies, followed by avoidance, and least likely to use confrontation. Results also revealed that middle-aged offspring were more likely to use engagement toward their parents who were older and acceptance toward parents with more disabilities. Furthermore, when middle-aged children had stronger feelings of guilt toward parents, they were more likely to be avoidant and less likely to engage with parents. Worries about parents were positively associated with the use of engagement strategies.
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Rochabrun Hidalgo, Fanny Mercedes, Rosalicia Mercedes Uceda Florez, and Edwin Salas-Blas. "Estrés laboral y percepción de competencias parentales en padres que trabajan." Revista Investigación de Psicología, no. 26 (December 28, 2021): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53287/wzsy6920rr57j.
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Work stress is related to the perception of parental skills in working parents, it is a cross-sectional, associative study with correlational predictive design (Ato, López & Benavente, 2013), 177 parents participated (55.7% women), who worked at least 30 hours per week and who have children between 3 and 12 years old. The instruments used were the Inventory of the demands-control-support model (Rosario-Hernández & Rovira, 2016) and the Perceived Parental Competence Scale (Vera-Vásquez, Zaragoza-Tafur & Musayón-Oblitas, 2014). The results found show significant and positive correlations between the dimension of support with assumption of the role and shared leisure (.27). In the same way, the support dimension is positively related to school involvement (.28); as well as the dimension of control with assumption of the role and shared leisure (.22). A positive and moderate correlation was also found between work demands and hours worked (.34). It has been possible to compare the results with previous studies that reaffirm the idea that due to the amount of work commitments, the parents' stay at home is more difficult. In conclusion, people who perceive stress in their work will have a lower perception of parental competences, since they do not find a balance between the functions of both roles.
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Yöyen, Elif, Zeynep Betül Topçu, Tülay Barış, and Ayşe Bahar Duyar. "Parent burnout in the COVID-19 pandemic: In the context of personality traits, perfectionism, and demographic variables." International Journal of Population Studies 9, no. 3 (October 26, 2023): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ijps.387.
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The aim of this study is to examine the burnout levels of parents during the COVID-19 pandemic within the framework of personality traits, perfectionism, and demographic variables. Data were derived from Personal Information Form, International Personality Inventory Short Version, the Big Three Perfectionism Scale–Short Form, and Parent Burnout Assessment. In total, 584 parents (333 mothers, 251 fathers, Mage = 39.93; SD = 6.33) living in Türkiye during COVID-19 lockdown participated in the survey. Results showed that the level of parent burnout differs according to the parent’s gender, the child’s age, the time spent with the child, the perception of the emotional relationship with the spouse, and the work form during the pandemic. Personality differences in parent burnout were explored according to the Five Factor Theory of Personality. A high level of neuroticism, a high level of introversion, and a low level of conscientiousness were found to be risk factors for parent burnout. Results indicated that parent burnout is also positively related to perfectionism, in particular self-critical perfectionism, and does not differ according to parents’ COVID-19 experiences. This study provides some useful information and guidelines for mental health professionals in preventive and therapeutic practices for parent burnout that may have negative effects on parents, children, and families. It is also a rare study that included the representation of fathers in the context of parent burnout.
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Montigny, Francine de, Carl Lacharité, and Élyse Amyot. "Becoming a parent: a model of parents' post-partum experience." Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 16, no. 33 (April 2006): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-863x2006000100005.
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Perceiving oneself as parent is a key challenge during the transition to parenthood. The importance of health professionals in determining perceived efficacy in parents upon the birth of their child is few explored. The objective of this study is to analayze the relations between the first time parents' perceived efficacy and their perceptions of nurses' help-giving and critical events during post-partum period. SAMPLE AND METHOD: One hundred sixty couples participated in a correlational study by completing questionaires after the birth of their first child. RESULTS: A model of parents' postpartum experience was established where nurses' collaboration and help-giving practices contribute directly and indirectly to the parents' perception of control and perceptions of events. They contribute indirectly to parent's perceived self-efficacy. IMPLICATIONS: The help given by health professionals, especially nurses, to parents following the birth of a child makes a major positive difference in the parents' experiences.
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Kim, Hyeji, and Jaerim Lee. "Coresidence between Unmarried Children in Established Adulthood and Older Parents in Korea: Relationship Characteristics and Associations with Life Satisfaction." Family and Environment Research 59, no. 3 (August 23, 2021): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.6115/fer.2021.027.
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The purpose of this study was to examine which aspects of coresident intergenerational relationships were associated with the life satisfaction of unmarried children in established adulthood and of their parents. In this study, the coresident relationship characteristics included support exchange, emotion, interferenceconflict, and perceptions of coresidence. Data were collected from (a) 250 never-married adults who were 35+ years old and lived in Seoul with at least one parent aged 75 years or younger and (b) 250 older adults who were 75 years old or younger and had at least one unmarried child aged 35+ years living in the same household. Our multiple regression analysis of unmarried children showed that the adult child’s financial support, the adult child’s psychological reliance on parents, the parent’s psychological reliance on the child, and relationship quality were significantly related to higher levels of life satisfaction. In contrast, the parent’s daily interference, daily conflicts, and anticipation of future care of parents were related to lower levels of life satisfaction. Second, the characteristics that were positively associated with the parent’s life satisfaction were the parent’s instrumental support, relationship quality, the coresident child’s daily interference, positive perceptions of intergenerational coresidence, and expectation of future care of parents. In contrast, the parent’s financial support, daily conflicts with the child, and taking intergenerational coresidence for granted were negatively related to the parent’s life satisfaction. This study advances our understanding of coresidence between unmarried children in established adulthood and their older parents by focusing on the multiple aspects of intergenerational coresidence.
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ȘIȚOIU, Andreea. "Parenting strategies of 21st century adults." SERIES VII - SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LAW 13(62), no. 2 (July 16, 2020): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.ssl.2020.13.62.2.5.
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This study investigates how 21st century parents show openness and flexibility for new parenting strategies. The central theme of the study refers to the positive parenting according to which the active listening of the child, the adaptation of the parent to his needs, the active involvement of the parent in the child's life, and the expression of the parent's attachment to his child become essential for a quality parent-child relationship. Positive parenting does not exclude disciplining the child and setting limits. The results of the study demonstrate the availability of parents for this type of parenting, but also for an improvement in the field.
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Shabrova, Nina V. "Parents in the School System in Europe." Integration of Education 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.108.026.202203.539-558.
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Introduction. To determine the prospects for the development of the social community of parents as a subject of civil society in Russia it is necessary to analyze foreign practices of social and civil activities of parents. In this sense, the activities of European parents are of interest, reflecting the experience of countries with a developed civil society (France, Germany, Sweden). The aim of the article is to analyze the institutional opportunities and practices of European parentsʼ participation in the system of school education. Materials and Methods. The methodological framework for the study of parentsʼ involvement in childrenʼs education was the concept of D. Epstein. To achieve this goal, the content of normative documents regulating the participation of European parents in the education of their school children was studied; a secondary analysis of statistical information and scientific publications was carried out. Results. The study showed that despite the common European space, parents of the analyzed countries have different institutional opportunities to participate in the education of their children. Two basic principles of state policy in relation to the parent community, which affect the peculiarities of their participation in school education, are highlighted. The first principle is the restriction of the freedom of individual choice of parents in the field of school education to ensure equal access to public school education. The second is the priority of childrenʼs rights over the rights of parents. The interaction of the school with parents is focused on the education of politically correct parents who fulfill the requirements of the school. It is noted that the Russian parent community can more actively use at least two European practices for the implementation and protection of parental and children rights and interests in the field of school education: collective forms of protection of rights and interests; consolidation with the local community for the implementation of parental and children needs and interests. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained results contribute to the development of the sociological concept of the parent community as a subject of civil society. The materials of the article will be useful to scientists analyzing the problems of the development of Russian civil society; representatives of educational management engaged in the development of programs for the harmonization of relations between parents and schools; civil activists.
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Poehlmann-Tynan, Julie, Luke Muentner, Kaitlyn Pritzl, Hilary Cuthrell, Lauren A. Hindt, Laurel Davis, and Rebecca Shlafer. "The Health and Development of Young Children Who Witnessed Their Parent’s Arrest Prior to Parental Jail Incarceration." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 4512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094512.
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Most U.S. incarceration occurs in jails, with more than 10 million annual admissions, and most individuals in jail are parents of minor children. In this short-term longitudinal study, we examined the health and development of young children who did or did not witness their parent’s arrest prior to parental jail incarceration. 228 individuals in 76 triads (incarcerated parents, children, at-home caregivers) were enrolled from four jails in two states. Jailed parents and caregivers reported on whether the child witnessed the parent’s arrest or crime. Children’s caregivers completed questionnaires about children’s emotional symptoms during the prior 6 months and demographics, as well as children’s emotional reactions to separation from the parent and child health at the initial assessment and 2 weeks later. Trained researchers conducted a developmental assessment with children while waiting to visit parents. Results of regression-based moderated mediation analyses indicated that when their emotional symptoms were high, children who witnessed parental arrest were more likely to have poorer health initially and more intense negative reactions to the parent leaving for jail. In addition, when children’s general emotional symptoms were low, children who witnessed their parent’s arrest were more likely to exhibit developmental delays, especially in their early academic skills, compared to children who did not witness the arrest. Witnessing the parent’s crime related to missed milestones in social and adaptive development. Findings have implications for policies regarding safeguarding children during parental arrest and referrals for health- and development-promotion services following parental criminal justice system involvement.
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Kaiser, Kim, Michele E. Villalobos, Jill Locke, Iheoma U. Iruka, Camille Proctor, and Brian Boyd. "A culturally grounded autism parent training program with Black parents." Autism 26, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 716–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211073373.
Full textAbstract:
Parent training (i.e. group-based supports and psychoeducation aimed at parent as primary agent of change) in Autism Spectrum Disorders (autism) is well-documented as an Evidence-Based Intervention designed to increase advocacy, knowledge, and empowerment. While research on Parent Training acknowledges the cultural limitations, the field lacks culturally grounded models. Furthermore, barriers in diagnosis, service acquisition, and inclusion of under-represented populations including Black families have been established; however, research programs have traditionally failed to include these families. This study aims to provide a first toward addressing the lack of inclusion. We describe the practice-based implementation of a culturally concordant Parent Training program (Spectrum of Care) developed by a community organization (the Color of Autism) as well as feedback from parents after the implementation process. The findings indicate that culturally grounded strategies could promote engagement and empowerment of Black families. There, however, is still a need for research that attends to parental mistrust and examines culturally grounded strategies more closely. Lay abstract Parent training programs have been well-studied in Autism Spectrum Disorders and shown to increase a parent’s feeling of empowerment, advocacy skills, and treatment enrollment for their child. The majority of parent training interventions have been developed without considering the unique needs of under-represented communities, such as the Black community. Black children with autism are not only misdiagnosed or not diagnosed at all, but are not accessing services equally compared to their White peers. There is an urgent need for culturally adapted interventions in order to decrease the disparity gap. The Color of Autism Foundation developed and ran a parent training program for Black parents of children with autism. The program was grounded in two key features: (1) creating a circle of support for parents to connect and heal from ongoing and historical racial trauma and (2) using parents of Black children with autism as the main facilitators. We believe this increased parent’s ability to engage in the educational aspects of the training. Overall, parents reported high levels of satisfaction with the training were highly engaged (attended an average of five of six sessions) and reported high levels of empowerment. Parents also reported continued mistrust in the medical and research community and a need for more Black providers. Further work should examine the relationship of the parent and provider in autism treatment and study the impact of circles of healing for Black families.
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Green, Dido, and Brenda N. Wilson. "The Importance of Parent and Child Opinion in Detecting Change in Movement Capabilities." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 75, no. 4 (October 2008): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740807500407.
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Background. Children and parents can make valid judgments about movement difficulties, which aids in the screening and assessment of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). When considering therapy outcomes, child and family-centred practice supports the inclusion of parent and child perspectives to reflect progress made in meaningful daily contexts. Purpose. This paper describes an evaluation of the use of questionnaires for parents and children to measure change in motor performance. Methods. Questionnaires were administered to 43 children with DCD and their parents five times over two-and-a-quarter years in conjunction with other clinical measures. Findings. Parent report, using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, correlated significantly with clinical measures of motor skill, whilst parent and child perceptions differed. Children's confidence and resilience may influence their opinions of their ability. Implications. These results raise questions of whose perspective of progress is most valid and relevant — the therapist's, child's or parent's?
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Otani, Hiroyuki, Miwa Ozawa, Tatsuya Morita, Ayako Kawami, Sahana Sharma, Keiko Shiraishi, and Akira Oshima. "The death of patients with terminal cancer: the distress experienced by their children and medical professionals who provide the children with support care." BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 9, no. 2 (February 4, 2016): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000811.
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BackgroundFew studies have been conducted on the experiences of children of terminally ill patients or hospital-based medical professionals supporting such children.AimThis study explored distress among individuals whose parents died of cancer in childhood and among hospital-based medical professionals supporting such children.DesignA qualitative study.Setting/participantsThe sample was 12 adults whose parents had died of cancer in childhood and 20 hospital-based medical professionals supporting children of patients’ with terminal cancer. In-depth interviews were conducted, focusing on the distress experienced by the participants. The data were analysed thematically.ResultsAmong adults whose parents died of cancer in childhood, we identified themes related to the period before death (eg, concealing the parent's illness), the time of death (eg, alienation due to isolation from the parent), soon after death (eg, fear and shock evoked by the bizarre circumstances, regrets regarding the relationship with the deceased parent before death), several years thereafter (ie, distinctive reflection during adolescence, prompted by the parent's absence) and the present time (ie, unresolved feelings regarding losing the parent). We identified seven themes among the medical professionals (eg, lack of knowledge/experience with children, the family's attempts to shield the child from the reality of death, estrangement from the family once they leave the hospital).ConclusionsAn important finding of the study is that the participants’ grief reaction to their parents’ deaths during childhood was prolonged. Moreover, hospital medical professionals may find it difficult to directly support affected children. Comprehensive support involving organisations (eg, local communities) may be necessary for children who have lost a parent.
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Sabha, H. Allehyani. "Left-behind Children: Saudi Parents' Addiction to Internet and Its Impact on Parent-child Attachment." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 14, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 459–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v14i1.221057.
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Background: The contemporary study purpose was to examine the influence of internet addiction on Saudi parents and their children attachment through applying Use and Gratification Theory (UGT). The analysis of data studies the association between variables that may relate to parents Internet overuse and these included (parental levels of education, age, monthly income, types of employment, children's age and parental statues) and how these variables impact on the family quality of time. Methodology: A random sample of parents (n=284) from the city of Mecca was agreed to recruited. Parental questionnaire was used to measure parents' levels of social media addiction and in what way this influence parent-child attachment. Results: The findings generated from this study revealed the importance of create healthy and positive balance between parents' time spent online and their responsibility to spend quality of time with their young children. Mothers were reported to be more addicted to Internet as they experienced ongoing exposure to social media compared to fathers, therefore young children seemed to have a great risk of neglect. Conclusions/significance: Saudi parents' addition to Internet appeared to negative impact the quality of relationships and interactions with their young children, which in turn affected on their emotional health and well-being.
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Hahne, Jessica, Rachel E. Buenger, Tim Chung, Hannah Silverstein, and Brian Carpenter. "PROJECT, PERSUADE, AND PROTECT: ADULT CHILDREN’S PREDICTION OF PARENTS’ HEALTH STATE VALUATIONS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3538.
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Abstract Serious illness decision making for older adults frequently involves their adult children. Thus, it is important that adult children are familiar with parents’ illness preferences. In this mixed methods analysis (total N = 114), we examined concordance between older adults’ valuations of illness states, their children’s predictions of their valuations, reasoning behind children’s predictions, and children’s reactions to discordance between their predictions and parents’ valuations. Thirty-eight older parents (M age= 75.8) provided valuations for five different illness states. Two adult children (M age= 46.0) independently predicted their parent’s answers. Family triads participated in a semi-structured conversation about their responses. One-way random effects, absolute agreement, average measures intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) showed that average concordance within families was poor for incontinence (ICC = .172, 95% CI [-.497, .572]), dialysis (ICC = .300, 95% CI [-.264, .639]), tube feeding (ICC = .320, 95% CI [-.228, .649]), and chronic pain (ICC = .438, 95% CI [-.015, .710]), and moderate for Alzheimer disease (ICC = .556, 95% CI [.198,.771]). Results from qualitative thematic analysis indicated that children often projected their own values when attempting to predict parents’ valuations. When faced with discordance, many children attempted to persuade parents to change their valuations, while also making assertions to protect the parent’s autonomy. In summary, adult children navigating surrogate or shared decision making may face challenges inferring parent values versus their own and balancing their input with parent autonomy. Future research and interventions in late-life families could target these challenges.