Journal articles on the topic 'Parents and adolescents'
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Kim, Chanhee, Heeseung Choi, Heesung Ko, and Chang Gi Park. "Agreement Between Parent Proxy Reports and Self-Reports of Adolescent Emotional Distress." Journal of School Nursing 36, no. 2 (August 5, 2018): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840518792073.
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Parents’ recognition of adolescents’ emotional distress is a significant determinant of early detection and treatment of mental disorders. However, there is dearth of research exploring parent–adolescent agreement regarding adolescents’ emotional distress. This cross-sectional, school-based study compared parents’ proxy reports and self-reports of adolescent’s emotional distress among 289 parent–adolescent dyads in Korea. Findings revealed low agreement between adolescents’ and parents’ reports of depression, anxiety, and anger, with an average polychoric r of .25 to .27. The agreement was particularly low for high school students, boys, and father–adolescent dyads. Additionally, parents tended to underestimate adolescents’ emotional distress symptoms; a significant percentage of adolescents experiencing symptoms were rated in the normal range by parents, particularly high school students experiencing anger. Interventions are needed to help adolescents learn to manage and express their negative emotions. Moreover, parent education programs that improve parents’ recognition of emotional distress and appropriate help-seeking behaviors are needed.
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Jariwala, Harsha Vijaykumar. "Effect of Perception Differences in Money Communication Between Parent-Adolescents on Financial Autonomy: An Experimental Study Using Financial Education Workshops." Applied Finance Letters 9, SI (November 18, 2020): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/afl.v9i2.241.
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This study evaluates the effect of parent-child money communication on financial autonomy of the adolescents by considering the gender of the parent as a controlled variable by utilizing pre- and post- survey based experimental research design. The sample consisted of 300 female parents and their children under adolescence stage of life. Assuming that claim is often made by parents regarding their frequent money communication with their children, their children were asked to rate their perception towards parent’s money communication with them. Later, their female parent (mother) were invited for financial education workshops series and asked to complete pre-survey before they attended the first financial education workshop. The follow-up survey was done for female parents and their adolescent children six months after completion of the financial education workshop series. In both the surveys, 300 responses were collected from female parents and adolescents on nineteen pairs of money communication, wherein parents were not told that their children were also asked to rate the matching pair of each item of parent money communication scale and vice versa. The financial autonomy was measured by using pre- and post- surveys, wherein only adolescents participated in the surveys. The results of paired t-test provides noticeable conclusion that financial education given to the parent positively enhances money communication among parent-adolescent by reducing the disparity in the responses collected from the parents and adolescents on each matched pairs separately and collectively and this reduced disparity leads to enhance the financial autonomy of the adolescents. The findings may help policy makers and financial educators to design and implement such workshops which may open lines of “money communication” between parents and children.
Key words: financial education workshops, parent-adolescent money communication, financial autonomy.
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Sheehan, Denice Kopchak, M. Murray Mayo, Grace H. Christ, Kim Heim, Stephanie Parish, Ghada Shahrour, and Claire Burke Draucker. "Two worlds: Adolescents' strategies for managing life with a parent in hospice." Palliative and Supportive Care 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951515000735.
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ABSTRACTObjective:This study aimed to generate an explanatory model of the coping strategies that adolescents employ to manage the stressors they experience in the final months of their ill parent's life and shortly after their death.Method:The sample included 26 families of adolescents with a parent receiving care in a large hospice program in northeastern Ohio. A semistructured interview was conducted with 14 ill parents, 17 well parents/guardians, and 30 of their adolescent children before the parent's death and, additionally, with 6 of these families after the death. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a grounded-theory approach.Results:The participants described two worlds that constituted the lives of the adolescents: the well world of normal adolescence and the ill world of having a parent near the end of life. The adolescents experienced a common challenge of living in two worlds and responded to the challenge with a process we labeled “managing two worlds.” Five stages through which adolescents manage their worlds were identified: keeping the ill world and the well world separate; having the ill world intrude into the well world; moving between the ill world and the well world; being immersed in the ill world; and returning to the well world having been changed by the ill world.Significance of results:The explanatory model of “managing two worlds” outlines a complex and nuanced process that changes over time. The model can be used by health professionals who seek to help adolescents navigate this critical time when their parents are dying or have recently died. These results can also be used to inform the development of interventions that assist families with strategies tailored to an adolescent's specific needs. Future research should investigate associations among the process of “managing two worlds” and outcomes related to adolescent bereavement.
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Phillips-Salimi, Celeste R., Sheri L. Robb, Patrick O. Monahan, Amy Dossey, and Joan E. Haase. "Perceptions of communication, family adaptability and cohesion: a comparison of adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer and their parents." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2012-0105.
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Abstract Purpose: To describe and compare adolescent and parent perspectives on communication, family adaptability and cohesion, as well as relationships among these variables, during the first month of an adolescent’s cancer diagnosis. Methods: Seventy adolescent-parent dyads were enrolled as part of a larger multi-site study. The adolescents ranged in age from 11 to 19, and 61% were males. Parents were predominately mothers (83%). Dyads were predominately non-Hispanic Caucasian (63%). Measures included the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES II). Paired t-tests, Pearson correlations, intra-class correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analyses were completed. Results: Adolescent scores on communication, family adaptability and cohesion were significantly lower than parent scores. The inter-dyadic agreement between adolescents and parents was low. Communication, family adaptability and cohesion were examined separately for adolescents and for parents, and significant relationships were found. Both adolescent- and parent-perceived communication was significantly associated with family adaptability and cohesion outcomes. Conclusions: Differences were found in adolescent and parent perceptions of communication, family adaptability and cohesion. When both adolescents and parents had better perceived communication, this was associated with better perceived family adaptability and cohesion. Results suggest that the development of interventions to enhance adolescent-parent communication could help foster better family adaptability and cohesion, which may ultimately impact their psychological adjustment. In addition, understanding the degree to which adolescents and parents disagree on their perceptions, including the results that parents generally have more favorable perceptions, may be a useful starting point when developing interventions.
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Lim, Sojin, and Hyunjung Joo. "The effect of parents' emotional support and attachment perceived by adolescents on their experiences of school violence: Mediating effect of parents' participation in school activities." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 18 (September 30, 2022): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.18.377.
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Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of positive factors, which are parental emotional support, and negative factors, such as the type of alienation, during adolescence, on the adolescents' experiences of school violence. The purpose of this study is to more clearly approach the role of parents required during adolescence by analyzing the mediating effect of parental participation in school activities.
Methods For this purpose, data from the 6th year of the Korean Educational Longitudinal Study (2013) of the Korea Educational Development Institute was used. The data for students were extracted from adolescents' experiences of victimization of school violence, emotional support from parents, and marginalized variables among parental attachment, and the degree of parental participation in school activities was extracted from the data for parents. The subjects of this study were 5,707 high school first grade students and their parents' data.
Results First, the emotional support of parents perceived by adolescents did not have a significant effect on their experiences of school violence. The more adolescents felt alienated from their parents, the more likely they were to experience school violence. Second, both parents' emotional support and alienation perceived by adolescents were found to be variables that significantly affected parents' participation in school activities. When the emotional support of parents perceived by adolescents was high, parents' participation in school activities was high, and the higher the degree of parental alienation, the higher the parent's participation in school activities. Third, it was found that parents' participation in school activities completely mediates between the emotional support of parents and the adolescent children's experiences of school violence, and partially mediates between the alienation among parents and the adolescent children's experiences of school violence.
Conclusions The negative relationship between adolescent children and their parents appears to have an effect on the children's negative behavior in school life, so measures to reduce adolescents' experiences of school violence require school education and a cooperative effort with parents. High participation in school activities as parents during adolescence negatively affects adolescents' experiences of school violence, so a parent's role that respects adolescent autonomy is required.
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Barone, Lavinia, Nicola Carone, Antonella Costantino, Jennifer Genschow, Sara Merelli, Annamaria Milone, Lisa Polidori, Laura Ruglioni, and Marlene Moretti. "Training parents to adolescents' challenges: The CONNECT parent program." QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA, no. 46 (July 2020): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qpc46-2020oa10160.
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Adolescents' challenges could be effectively addressed by treating their parents. Prior evaluations of CONNECT, an attachment-based program intervention for parents of adolescents at risk, indicated that improving parenting skills and the quality of parent-adolescent relationship may result in decrease of adolescents' behavioural problems. The present study is part of a longitudinal research involving three Italian centres (Pavia, Milan, Pisa) aimed at investigating whether helping parents reduce their reliance on coercive or unproductive parenting strategies and understand changes occurring during adolescence from an attachment-based perspective would reduce their adolescents' externalizing and internalizing symptoms. One-hundred and eighteen parents of adolescents (Mage = 15.26 years, SD = 1.49; 64% boys), randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 66) or to the wait-list control group (n = 52), reported on their perceptions of their adolescents' externalizing and internalizing symptoms (using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire-parent version; Goodman, 1997), as well as attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety (using the Adolescent Attachment Anxiety & Avoidance Inventory; Moretti and Obsuth, 2009) prior to treatment (t0), within a two-week period following the final treatment session (t1) and at a four months follow-up (t2). Parents attending the CONNECT program reported significant reductions in their adolescents' externalizing symptoms, and slightly significant reductions in their adolescents' internalizing symptoms by a reduction of anxiety and avoidance attachment strategies. The findings add evidence to the importance of investigating mechanisms of change underlying the effectiveness of CONNECT program, providing further indications on its application in therapeutic contexts.
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ARICI GÜRBÜZ, Asiye, and Canan KUYGUN KARCI. "Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanılı Ergenlerin Belirtileri Açısından Ergen-Ebeveyn Uyumu." Journal of Contemporary Medicine 12, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 710–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1148404.
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Aim: Considering the role of the parent in the children and adolescent's access to treatment, it is important that the symptoms are adequately noticed by the parents. In this study, it was aimed to examine the adolescent-parent agreement in terms of symptoms of adolescents with anxiety disorder.
Material and Method: 100 adolescents who applied to the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with anxiety disorder according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were included in the study. In the study, the sociodemographic form and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) adolescent and parent form were used for data collection.
Results: When the parent and adolescent forms of RCADS were compared, the adolescent scores were significantly higher than the parents in all subscales and scale total scores, except for the separation anxiety subscale. The ICC (95% CI) value between the parent and adolescent forms of RCADS ranged from 0.06 to 0.74.
Conclusion: In our study, it was found that adolescents scored their symptoms higher than their parents, and the correlation between parent-child reporting was low-moderate. Age, gender, comorbidity, and parental psychopathology were among the factors affecting adolescent-parent agreement.
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Ariyo, Adijat Motunrayo, Ojubayo Motunrayo Sotayo, Temitayo Kofoworola Olurin, and Tolu Eni-Olorunda. "Sexual Communication between Parents and Adolescents: Perception of Secondary School Students in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 4 (July 10, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0046.
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This study assessed the characterization of parent-adolescents’ sexual communication of secondary school students in Abeokuta South Local Government of Ogun State, Nigeria. 411 adolescents were selected using multistage sampling techniques. Quantitative data was obtained with a semi-structured questionnaire. An in-depth interview was carried out to further explore parent-adolescent sexual communication as a representation of the qualitative data. Both quantitative and qualitative data collected were analysed using descriptive and thematic content analyses. Results revealed that most (64.5%) of the respondents had moderate perception of parent-adolescent communication. The findings of the qualitative analysis revealed themes of sexual communication including puberty, abstinence from sex, and HIV/AIDS. Parents’ awareness to sexual communication promoting was associated to physical changes during puberty and adolescents’ attitudes. Although, adolescents prefer to discuss sexual issues with their mothers, time factor for such discussion was a major constraint. In addition, adolescent perceived unwillingness on the part of parent to initiate or sustain sexual communication issues despite their knowledgeability. Adolescents perceived that their parents are knowledgeable about sexual communication but not willing to communicate sexual issues with them. The study concludes that parents’ unwillingness for sexual talk and time factors could pose threats to achieving effective parent-adolescent sexual communication. Hence, it is recommended that parents should engage in timely communication on sexual related issues often during early adolescence phase. It is imperative for fathers also, to create a conducive atmosphere for active sexual communication with their children especially male adolescents.
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Febriana, Annisa, and Sigit Mulyono. "Parent-Adolescent Communication On Reproductive Health and Sexual Of Adolescent." Jurnal Keperawatan 10, no. 2 (February 22, 2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jk.v10i2.8063.
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ABSTRACTIntroduction: In adolescence, there are various changes, both physical, cognitive, and social, which cause adolescents vulnerable to reproductive health problems. The family as the closest part of adolescence is one of the main factors in improving adolescent reproductive health and has a very important role in providing sexual and reproductive health information to adolescents. Objective: to find out the communication between parents and teenagers about sexual and reproductive health. Method: The design used is a systematic review. Journal searches are conducted on online databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Journals, articles, and literature reviews were found using keywords parent-adolescent communication, sexual and reproductive health, adolescents. Results: A total of 7 journal articles selected from 28 articles showed that communication between parents and adolescents regarding reproductive and sexual health was very important to do. However, the implementation is still lacking due to various factors such as lack of parental knowledge, parents lacking in communication skills, the presence of shame, and cultural influences that consider reproductive and sexual health issues as taboo to be discussed with adolescents. Discussion: The communication of parents and adolescents regarding reproductive and sexual health has been widely investigated in various countries. Interventions are needed to improve the quality of communication between parents and adolescents through increasing the knowledge of parents of these adolescents.
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Ivanovic-Kovacevic, Svetlana, Aleksandra Dickov, and Gordana Misic-Pavkov. "Family dysfunction in adolescents with suicidal behavior and in adolescents with conduct disorders." Medical review 58, no. 5-6 (2005): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0506240i.
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Introduction. The period of life known as adolescence generally refers to transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescents' progress toward autonomy involves remaining connected with, as well as separated from parents. Young people and their parents usually have mixed feelings about adolescent autonomy and attachment. An estimated 50% of children born in the 80s have spent part of their developmental years in single-parent households. Divorce is almost always a stressful event in children's lives. Youthful suicide rate has increased dramatically and is the third leading cause of death among 15-19 year olds. Conduct disorder is one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions in adolescents. Suicidal adolescents and adolescents with conduct disorder are much more likely than their peers to have grown up in disrupted, disorganized homes with lack of attachment between parents and their children. Material and methods This prospective study was carried out during 2002, 2003, and 2004. The research included 60 adolescents treated at the Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Novi Sad, 30 with diagnosed conduct disorder and 30 with suicidal behavior. Results Along with other kinds of distress, suicidal adolescents have experienced an escalation of family problems a few months prior to attempted suicide. Discussion Divorce and life in single-parent households is almost always a stressful period in children's lives. Conduct disorder and suicidal behavior represent a desperate cry for help. Conclusion Most adolescents in both groups live in single-parent house?holds. These young people have frequently passed into adolescence with little reason to feel that they could rely on their parents for support, or on their home as a place of sanctuary. .
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Avdeeva, N. N., and B. A. Hoffman. "Current research on adolescents’ relationships with parents." Современная зарубежная психология 8, no. 4 (2019): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2019080407.
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The article is based on the materials of foreign sources and discusses the current trends in the relationship of adolescents and their parents. The following problems are discussed: influence of upbringing styles and parental attitudes on various aspects of psychological development of adolescents; contribution of relationships with parents and peers into social and personality development in adolescence; peculiarities of teenagers’ attachments to parents; child-parent conflicts. The recent studies of family education and its influence on psychological development confirm the positive role of authoritative parenting style, the negative impact of rigid parenting style on adolescent aggression and so on. It is shown that excessive parental control does not contribute to the development of self-esteem and increases self-criticism in adolescent girls. In relatively new researches devoted to "technoference" the negative impact of technical means (phone, gadgets) on interaction between parents and children is shown. The article stresses the importance of attachment to parents in adolescence; the role of the quality of attachment in formation of autonomy; capacity to solve problems and cope with difficulties associated with Internet addiction; aggression and school performance. The article also presents studies of positive and negative aspects of the impact of conflict with parents on the personality development of adolescents, gender differences in behavior during the conflict between mother and father, the contribution of marital conflicts to psychological development in adolescence.
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Martin, Christina A., Harriet Hiscock, Nicole Rinehart, Helen S. Heussler, Christian Hyde, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Jane McGillivray, David W. Austin, Alexa Chalmers, and Emma Sciberras. "Associations Between Sleep Hygiene and Sleep Problems in Adolescents With ADHD: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 4 (March 15, 2018): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054718762513.
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Objective: To determine whether self-reported sleep hygiene practices are associated with self- and parent-reported behavioral sleep problems in adolescents with ADHD. Method: Participants included 79 adolescents with ADHD (13-17 years) and their parents. Adolescents were asked to report on their sleep hygiene (Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale) and sleep (Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale). Parents also reported on their adolescent’s sleep (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children). Results: Poorer sleep hygiene was associated with higher total self-reported behavioral sleep problems and most self-reported sleep problems: falling asleep, reinitiating sleep, and returning to wakefulness. The association was also apparent for total parent-reported behavioral sleep problems, problems with initiating and maintaining sleep, and excessive somnolence. Conclusion: This study demonstrates small-to-moderate relationships between poor sleep hygiene practices and sleep problems in adolescents with ADHD, by both self- and parent-report.
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Atienzo, Erika E., Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo, and Lourdes Campero. "Congruence in reported frequency of parent-adolescent sexual health communication: A study from Mexico." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 27, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0025.
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Abstract Background: Most studies on parent-adolescent sexual health communication come from developed countries and are based on either parents’ or children’s reports. In developing countries, there is little evidence about the agreement among reports of all parties involved in parent-adolescent sexual health communication. Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the congruence (agreement) between adolescents and their parents about how frequently they discuss on selected sexual health topics. Subjects: A total of 1606 parent-adolescent dyads of adolescents attending the first year in public high schools and their parents, in Morelos, Mexico were sampled in this study. Methods: The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that included the frequency of parent-adolescent communication about eight sexual health topics. An ordinal logistic threshold model was used to estimate intra-class correlation coefficients within parent-adolescent dyads (as a measure of congruence) and to test if thresholds were equal between parents and adolescents. Results: Congruence in reported frequency of parent-adolescent sexual health communication ranged from 0.205 (menstruation) to 0.307 (condoms) for mother-adolescent dyads, and from 0.103 (ejaculation) to 0.380 (condoms) for father-adolescent dyads. The thresholds (i.e., the cutoff points that define the categories in the observed ordinal variable) differed between parents and adolescents for each of the sexual health topics explored (p<0.05 for father-adolescent dyads and p<0.001 for mother-adolescent dyads). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a low congruence between parents’ and adolescents’ reports on parent-adolescent sexual health communication. This might be due to interpretation of frequency and intensity of sexual health communication which differs between parents and adolescents.
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Adzovie, Rita Holm, and Daniel Edem Adzovie. "Family Communication Patterns and Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: Experiences from Coastal Communities in Ghana." Technium Social Sciences Journal 9 (July 9, 2020): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v9i1.1175.
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A good understanding of human growth and development helps in the smooth transition of an individual from one stage to another. One of such stages is adolescence, which presents a lot of challenges as well as opportunities. There are differences in the extent to which families encourage conversation, the extent to which they demand conformity to family values as well as the extent to which families pass down strongly held family values from one generation to another, regarding changes that occur during adolescence. The study examines Parent-Child Communication Patterns between parents and adolescents in coastal communities in Ghana. Also, the study explored the effects of parent-child communication related to sexual and reproductive health in improving adolescent sexual reproductive health practices in Ghana. Data was collected from 300 adolescents in selected coastal communities within the Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana. We found that many parents in the coastal communities within the Cape Coast Metropolis are unable to transmit SRH information to their children. The findings also revealed that level of formal education influenced parents’ ability to transmit SRH information to adolescents and exposes poor parent-adolescent relationship regarding SRH information in the communities studied. Aside from contributing to literature and informing policy directions on family communication patterns regarding adolescent SRH, the study brings more insight on how parents and their adolescents along coastal communities in Cape Coast, Ghana communicate SRH issues. Implications for counselling are outlined.
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Allen, Joseph P., Stuart T. Hauser, Thomas G. O'Connor, Kathy L. Bell, and Charlene Eickholt. "The connection of observed hostile family conflict to adolescents' developing autonomy and relatedness with parents." Development and Psychopathology 8, no. 2 (1996): 425–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400007173.
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AbstractThis study examined the link between hostile conflict in families with adolescents and adolescents' efforts to establish autonomy and relatedness in interactions with parents in both normal and psychiatrically impaired groups. Longitudinal, observational data were obtained by coding family interaction tasks involving 53 adolescents and their two parents at age 14 and age 16 years. Measures were obtained for hostile adolescent-parent conflict, hostile marital conflict, and indices of adolescents' success or difficultly in establishing autonomy and relatedness in interactions with parents. Relative increases in adolescent-parent hostile conflict from age 14 to 16 years were predicted by adolescents' behaviors actively undermining autonomy in disagreements with parents at age 14 years. Hostile marital conflict observed by the adolescent at age 14 years predicted adolescent withdrawal from the hostile parent over time, a prediction that was not mediated by observed parenting behaviors. Difficulties in establishing autonomy and relatedness were linked to prior history of psychiatric difficulty. A developmental view of conflict as both reflecting and predicting difficulties in adolescents' establishing autonomy and relatedness in interactions with parents is proposed.
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DIMBUENE, ZACHARIE TSALA. "FAMILIES' RESPONSE TO AIDS: NEW INSIGHTS INTO PARENTAL ROLES IN FOSTERING HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE." Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 06 (September 30, 2014): 762–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932014000406.
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SummaryWorldwide, there is a consensus that parents must be involved in children's HIV/AIDS education. However, there is little evidence that speaks to this advocacy for improving adolescent health. This study developed and tested four hypotheses about (i) the relationship between parents' and adolescents' knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission routes and prevention strategies conditional upon (ii) parents' gender, (iii) communication about sexuality, and (iv) the parent–adolescent education gap. The sample consisted of 306 parent–adolescent dyads from the 2002 Cameroon Family and Health Survey. Adolescents were aged 12–19 years. Overall, fifteen items about HIV/AIDS transmission routes and prevention strategies were analysed. Descriptive results showed that parents fared better than adolescents regardless of the AIDS fact considered. An exception was the correct use of condoms (parents 57% vs adolescents 61%). The generation gap probably explains this result: parents are more conservative, reluctant and distant from condoms compared with adolescents, who are more receptive and open to discussing sex with peers. Multivariate ordered logistic regressions showed a significant positive effect of parents' HIV/AIDS knowledge on adolescents' HIV/AIDS knowledge, thus supporting the main hypothesis of direct parental influences. Parent–adolescent communication about sexuality showed positive and significant effects on adolescents' HIV/AIDS knowledge, suggesting an ‘enhancing effect’ when combined with the effect of parents' HIV/AIDS knowledge. Against the background that parents in sub-Saharan Africa do not teach their children about sexuality, the study demonstrated that families can play an important role in HIV/AIDS education. These findings have major implications for HIV/AIDS interventions involving adolescents, parents or both, in fostering accurate HIV/AIDS knowledge among adolescents, which could lead to protective sexual behaviours.
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Gokalp, Murat. "Analysis of communication styles between adolescents and parents (example of Kyrgyzstan)." Contemporary Educational Researches Journal 9, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v9i4.4442.
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In this study, the aim was to determine the motivation levels of primary school fourth grade students with regard to their. The purpose of this study is to explain the forms of communication of adolescents with parents, problems in the school, sexual identities, conflicts with parents, how parents behave towards adolescents, the reasons of physical and mental changes experienced by adolescents and adolescents, to determine the anxiety and fear of adolescents and to reveal the expectations of parents from adolescents. The research was carried out in 2017–2018 academic year with 780 students, including 380 male, 400 female and 45 parents who have students in the same school.. According to the data obtained from the scale, the scores of girls were higher than males. Besides, the scores of the families with lower income were higher than the middle and upper groups.
Keywords: Adolescent, parent, adolescent communication, adolescent parent.
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Yau, Jenny, and Judith Smetana. "Adolescent-Parent conflict in Hong Kong and Shenzhen: A comparison of youth in two cultural contexts." International Journal of Behavioral Development 27, no. 3 (May 2003): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250244000209.
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This study examined adolescent–parent conflict among 188 5th-, 7th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade Chinese adolescents, 93 from Hong Kong and 95 from Shenzhen, PRC. Individually interviewed Chinese adolescents reported disagreements with parents over everyday issues, primarily choice of activities, schoolwork, interpersonal relationships, and chores. Conflicts were relatively few in number, moderate in frequency, and mild in intensity, and across contexts, conflicts were more intense in early adolescence (5th and 7th grades) than in late adolescence (12th grade). There were more conflicts over chores and interpersonal relationships in Hong Kong than in Shenzhen and more conflicts over schoolwork in Shenzhen than in Hong Kong, particularly among 7th and 12th graders. As expected, adolescents primarily justified conflicts, particularly conflicts over choice of activities and homework, by appealing to personal jurisdiction, and across contexts, personal reasoning increased with age. Conflicts were resolved primarily by giving in to parents, although adolescents desired more autonomy in decision making than they reported having. Although adolescent–parent conflict among Chinese youth appears to reflect the development of adolescent autonomy, culturally specific processes influence its expression.
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Oo, Yin Thet Nu, Ko Ko Zaw, Kyu Kyu Than, The Mg Mg, Kyi Kyi Mar, and San San Aye. "Do parents and adolescents talk about reproductive health? Myanmar adolescents' perspective." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 1, no. 1 (January 8, 2013): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v1i1.13219.
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Adolescence is a transitional period and an important stage in an individual's life. Adolescents are at risk of adverse reproductive health outcomes such as unplanned or unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortions, maternal health complications, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including HIV/AIDS. Previous studies indicate that adolescents whose parents talk to them about sex tend to be less sexually active and more likely to use an effective means of contraception. The objective of the study was to find out the level and content of communication between adolescents and their parents. Ease of communication, future intentions to discuss with parents and confidence in parents' knowledge of reproductive health were also examined. A cross sectional descriptive study using structured questionnaire was conducted among 91 adolescents (11-19 years old) in North Okkalapa Township of Yangon Division, Myanmar. The majority of the people there had little knowledge on pubertal changes and STDs, and moderate knowledge on contraception. Sixty three percent of adolescents communicated at least once with their parents on reproductive health within the last 6 months: 6.8% with fathers and 62.6% with mothers. Only 15.4% talked more than three times. Girls were more likely to communicate with mothers than boys (79% vs. 33%, P<0.001). The main topic of discussion among mother and girls is menstruation, and among mothers and boys, HIV/AIDS/STDs are mainly discussed. Regarding the ease of communication, only 15% felt comfortable talking with parents. Most of the adolescents (89%) had positive attitude towards communicating with their parents. The findings suggest the need to involve parents in existing adolescent reproductive health programs and design interventions focusing on parents to promote parent-adolescent communication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v1i1.13219 South East Asia Journal of Public Health 2011:1:40-45
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Zhang, Qiongwen, Daniel T. L. Shek, and Yangu Pan. "Parent-Child Discrepancies in Perceived Parent-Child Communication and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescents in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 16, 2021): 12041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212041.
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Although recent studies demonstrated that parent-child discrepancies in the perceived family processes were associated with children’s developmental outcomes, few studies have addressed this issue in different types of families in mainland China. The present study investigated that how discrepancies in parents’ and adolescents’ perceptions of parent-adolescent communication were associated with early adolescent depressive symptoms in a nationally representative sample (N = 15,377) with 7010 father-adolescent dyads (adolescents: Mage = 14.24 years, SD = 1.25 years; 5960 adolescents from two-parent families, 443 adolescents from single-father families) and 8367 mother-adolescent dyads (adolescents: Mage = 14.02 years, SD = 1.18 years; 6670 adolescents from two-parent families, 1362 adolescents from single-mother families) in China. Adolescent respondents completed a measure of depressive symptoms and all informants reported on the perceived levels of parent-adolescent communication. Results indicated that adolescents reported parent-child communication more negatively than did their parents. Father-adolescent discrepancies were also greater in intact families than non-intact families. Polynomial regression analyses indicated that while there was a significant interactive effect of father-reported and adolescent-reported father-adolescent communication in Chinese two-parent families, no significant interaction was found for mother-adolescent dyad. Besides, adolescent-reported mother-child communication interacted with mother-reported communication in Chinese single-mother families only. The findings clarify parent-adolescent discrepancies in parent-child communication in different types of families in China and they have theoretical and practical implications on the role of discrepancies in parents and adolescent children on perceived parent-adolescent communication in early adolescent depressive symptoms.
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Snyder, Heather T., Monica J. Bilboul, and Alice W. Pope. "Psychosocial Adjustment in Adolescents with Craniofacial Anomalies: A Comparison of Parent and Self-Reports." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 42, no. 5 (September 2005): 548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/04-078r.1.
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Objective To assess rates of psychosocial adjustment problems in adolescents with craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) and to evaluate the correspondence between adolescent and parent reports of adjustment. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Reconstructive plastic surgery department in urban medical center. Participants Sixty-four adolescents aged 14 to 18 years with CFAs and their parents. Main Outcome Measures Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report. Results Adolescent and parent reports were compared with published norms. Adolescents with CFAs did not differ from norms on rates of self-reported problems in the clinical range. Parents of sons and daughters with CFAs reported elevations in the clinical range for deficits in social and scholastic competence; parents of daughters also reported higher clinical rates of withdrawn and somatic problems. Correlations between adolescent and parent reports were generally higher than seen in norms, especially for boys. Parents and adolescents did not differ in reported rates of problems in the clinical range. Conclusions Adolescents with CFAs showed elevated risk for problems with academics and peer relationships; there was limited evidence for clinical levels of other adjustment problems. When parent and adolescent reports differed, parents reported more problems.
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Whittemore, Robin, Rebekah M. Zincavage, Sarah S. Jaser, Margaret Grey, Julia L. Coleman, David Collett, Roberta Delvy, Bridget Basile Ibrahim, and Lisa D. Marceau. "Development of an eHealth Program for Parents of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 44, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721717748606.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of parenting an adolescent with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), to develop a prototype of an eHealth program for parents of adolescents with T1DM, and to evaluate the prototype content and acceptability from the perspective of parents and health care providers. Methods A multiphase method was used generating both qualitative and quantitative data at multiple time points. There were 27 parents of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with T1DM and 16 health care providers who participated in semistructured interviews to identify parental challenges; 53 parents and 27 providers evaluated the prototype. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize survey data. Results Challenges experienced by parents of adolescents with T1DM included understanding the developmental and hormonal changes of adolescence that affect diabetes care, feeling tension between adolescent independence and parent control, communicating without nagging or conflict, transferring diabetes care responsibility safely, dealing with feelings of stress and distress, and perceiving a lack of resources for T1DM care and insufficient personal time for self-care. In the prototype evaluation, both parents and providers found content to be relevant and provided feedback to guide the development of the full program. Conclusions Parents of adolescents with T1DM and providers expressed a need for parents to have more support in transitioning diabetes care from parent to adolescent. eHealth programs offer an ideal way to address these needs and ultimately can be linked to electronic medical records improving quality and efficiency of health care in this population.
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Biernesser, Candice, Gerald Montano, Elizabeth Miller, and Ana Radovic. "Social Media Use and Monitoring for Adolescents With Depression and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study of Parent and Child Perspectives." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 3, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): e21644. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21644.
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Background Although youth report many positive experiences with social media (SM) use in their daily lives, adolescents with depression are more vulnerable to the risks of SM use than adolescents without depression. Parents protect adolescents with depression from the risks of SM use by monitoring their child’s SM activity; however, this comes into conflict with the adolescent’s need for autonomy in their web-based communication. The implications of SM use and monitoring for adolescents with depression and their parents are of particular relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, as rates of SM use have increased in response to physical distancing measures. Objective This study aims to explore parent and child perspectives regarding the use and function of SM in the daily lives of adolescents with depression and parents’ perceptions of and experience with monitoring their child’s SM use. Methods We conducted qualitative interviews with adolescents with depression (n=23) and one parent of each adolescent (n=23) between July 2013 and September 2014. The adolescents were patients seeking treatment for depression in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Data analysis included dyadic analysis of the adolescents’ and parents’ perspectives and qualitative descriptions of individual parent interviews to explore their experiences with SM use and monitoring. The construct of parental knowledge and factors hypothesized to contribute to parental knowledge, including adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental control, were used to guide the codebook and dyadic data analysis. Results Dyadic analyses showed that parents and their children disagreed on the use and function of SM in the daily lives of adolescents with depression, with adolescents viewing SM as a forum for honest expression of their emotions, whereas parents felt that their children’s posts were inconsequential and interfered with the adolescents’ lives. Furthermore, parents reported using a wide range of strategies to gain knowledge of their child’s SM use to monitor their safety on SM, including direct solicitation and indirect solicitation, such as keeping the child's passwords, asking friends or siblings about their child's SM use, and restricting SM behavior and access to devices. Conclusions Clinicians should support adolescents with depression and their parents in finding common ground for an effective and acceptable monitoring approach. Resources are provided for clinicians navigating conversations about SM use and monitoring with adolescents with depression and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Cao, Ge, and Vicky C. Tam. "Using an interactional perspective to examine patterns of conflict resolution among Chinese adolescents and parents involved in schoolwork conflicts." International Journal of Chinese Education 10, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 221258682110058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22125868211005859.
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Parent-child conflict resolution is an interactive process by nature. Adopting a family systems perspective, the present study examines patterns of schoolwork conflict resolution among Chinese adolescents and parents, placing an emphasis on parent-child interactions. Qualitative methods using a grounded theory approach are adopted, with twelve parent-child dyads participating in joint interviews and follow-up individual interviews. Three patterns of adolescent-parent resolution of schoolwork conflicts are identified: (a) adolescents complying with parental coercion reluctantly: parents use parent-centered resolution strategies, while adolescents are self-assertive in the beginning but yield to their parents in the end; (b) effective communication: adolescents adopt self-assertive strategies when parents use child-centered strategies, with the outcome being that adolescents have the final say in agreements reached; (c) disagreement in a stalemate: parents’ use of parent-centered strategies and adolescents’ adoption of avoidant and self-assertive strategies lead to a suspension of disagreement. Discussion of the findings sheds light on hierarchical and enmeshed parent-child relationships in China as well as Chinese adolescents’ development of autonomy as exhibited in the patterns of parent-child schoolwork conflict resolution. Suggestions are made for further study of adolescent-parent schoolwork conflicts in Chinese families, and practical implications related to healthy family relationships are discussed.
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Beskin, Kera M., and Rachel Caskey. "Parental Perspectives on Financial Incentives for Adolescents: Findings From Qualitative Interviews." Global Pediatric Health 6 (January 2019): 2333794X1984592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x19845926.
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Background. Financial incentives are becoming more common to promote health behaviors; however, little is known about the acceptability of incentivizing adolescent health behaviors. Design. Qualitative semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 26 parents who had participated in a research study involving incentivizing a recommended, preventive adolescent health behavior (human papillomavirus vaccination). Data were coded and analyzed to identify themes. Interview domains included the following: preferred incentive distribution, ideal financial incentive amount, and general reactions to economic incentives for preventative services. Results. Parents held positive perceptions about incentives and most parents felt that the incentive could be provided directly to their adolescent child, rather than to the parent. Parents stated several benefits from incentivizing adolescent health behavior including creating an opportunity to teach their child about money, reimbursing families for time and effort, and motivating the adolescent to complete the health behavior. Topics for consideration when providing cash incentives to adolescents included the adolescent’s maturity level, parents’ desire to monitor adolescent’s spending, and parents’ want to remain involved in health care and financial decisions for their adolescent. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the potential for parental acceptance of financial incentives for adolescent health behaviors and explores areas of parental concern around financial incentives, which could help inform future health care–based incentive programs.
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Laporta-Herrero, Isabel, and Patricia Latorre. "Do parents perceive the abnormal eating attitudes of their adolescent children with anorexia nervosa?" Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 25, no. 1 (July 21, 2019): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104519864121.
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Parents are often the first to detect the initial signs of anorexia nervosa (AN) and take necessary measures to ensure that their children receive appropriate treatment. The evaluation of AN in adolescence is complicated by taking into account the tendency to minimize and deny the symptoms by adolescents, and the difficulty of parents in detecting the main symptoms. We compared the adolescent and parent scores on measures of disordered eating at initial presentation. The sample consisted of 62 adolescents diagnosed with AN, who attended an eating disorder children’s unit. Adolescents completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) and their parents the Anorectic Behavior Observation Scale (ABOS). The questionnaire data were collected as part of the routine clinical practice and were obtained from clinical notes. The findings indicate no significant correlations between the EAT-40 and ABOS scores, or between AN subtypes according to parent observation of symptoms. There were significant differences between parents, with mothers reporting higher scores than fathers. This study highlights the importance of psychoeducation for parents on the early signs of AN, in order to improve recognition and diagnosis at initial assessment of their adolescent children in the early phases.
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van Tuijl, Cathy, Susan J. T. Branje, Judith Semon Dubas, Ad A. Vermulst, and Marcel A. G. Van Aken. "Parent–offspring similarity in personality and adolescents' problem behaviour." European Journal of Personality 19, no. 1 (January 2005): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.536.
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Similarity in personality between adolescents and their parents may have considerable implications for adolescent well‐being. We studied how the similarity in personality between 288 adolescents and their parents is linked to adolescent problem behaviour, and whether this link is mediated by warmth and control in the parent–child relationship and moderated by the personality type of the adolescent. Similarity in personality between adolescents and their parents was negatively related to internalizing and externalizing problem behaviour, both concurrently and over time. This relation was not mediated by the parent–child relationship. The effects were present for overcontrolled but not for resilient or undercontrolled adolescents. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Hastie, Jan Louise, and Christine Stephens. "Vicarious Futurity: Parents' Perspectives on Locating Strengths in Adolescents with Autism." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 31, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol31iss1id505.
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INTRODUCTION: Parents’ perspectives of strengths in adolescents with autism is the focus of this research. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have some of the best outcomes for cognition, communication and social development when they begin intensive treatment during early childhood. Most research in ASD has focussed on this part of the lifespan. This has tended to ignore the need for research that covers the whole lifespan including adolescence and adulthood, where extremely poor outcomes often emerge. Furthermore, from a reductionist bio-medical view of ASD, research into adolescence and adulthood has highlighted the maladaptive and pathological behaviour of people with ASD. METHODS: This qualitative study provides a space for parents to identify the strengths of adolescents, aged from 13–19 years, with ASD. Parents with the experience of raising an adolescent with ASD were asked to take or gather five photographs that displayed the strengths of the adolescent. Data were generated through the discussion of the photographs between the parent(s) or primary caregivers of the adolescent and the researcher. Eight families, with nine adolescents were recruited for the research and 10 parents were interviewed. FINDINGS: The results of the research suggest that parents could identify strengths in adolescents with ASD and that these strengths were evaluated relative to diagnostic features of ASD or as supportive of daily family functioning. Furthermore, identifying adolescent strengths supported the parents’ hopes for the future, described as “vicarious futurity.”CONCLUSION: This perspective poses a challenge to the common assumptions that ASD is associated with dysfunctional family life dominated by poor parental mental health, caregiver burden and research that objectifies those with ASD as being challenging. Identifying strengths points to more opportunities for success for an adolescent with ASD.
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Xu, Lei, Charles R. Rogers, Tanya M. Halliday, Qiang Wu, and Logan Wilmouth. "Correlates of Physical Activity, Psychosocial Factors, and Home Environment Exposure among U.S. Adolescents: Insights for Cancer Risk Reduction from the FLASHE Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 9, 2020): 5753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165753.
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Background and aims: Physical activity (PA) can bring numerous health benefits to adolescents and can largely aid in reducing the various types of cancer risks in their lifespans. However, few adolescents meet the physical activity guidelines recommended by the National Cancer Institute in the United States. Our study aimed to examine the multilevel determinants potentially influencing adolescent’s PA participation. Methods: A secondary analysis of physical activity, home and school neighborhood, and other psychosocial data from 1504 dyads of adolescents and their parents who participated in the 2014 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study was performed. Analysis of variance and general linear model analyses were used to examine the correlates. Results: General linear modeling revealed that younger adolescents participated in greater levels of PA than older adolescents (p < 0.001). Adolescents whose parents reported meeting PA guidelines participated in greater amounts of PA (p < 0.001). Parental support of adolescent PA (p < 0.001) was also predictive of adolescent PA levels. Furthermore, parents who reported meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines were more likely to have teenagers that engaged in higher amounts of PA (p < 0.001). Discussion and Conclusions: Our findings imply a dynamic relationship between adolescent and parent MVPA levels. Interventions focused on increasing parental MVPA and encouraging parents to engage in promoting PA are merited in order to aid in increasing PA among adolescents while reducing the cancer risk.
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Hansen, Dana M., Denice K. Sheehan, Pamela S. Stephenson, and M. Murray Mayo. "Parental relationships beyond the grave: Adolescents' descriptions of continued bonds." Palliative and Supportive Care 14, no. 4 (October 13, 2015): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951515001078.
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AbstractObjective:Many people experience an ongoing relationship with a deceased loved one. This is called a “continued bond.” However, little is known about the adolescent experience with continued bonds once a parent has died. This study describes three ways that adolescents continue their relationship with a parent after that parent's death.Method:Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with nine adolescent children of deceased hospice patients from a large hospice in northeastern Ohio as part of a larger grounded-theory study. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a conventional content analysis approach.Results:Adolescents continued their bonds with deceased parents in one of three ways: experiencing encounters with the deceased parent, listening to the inner guide of the parent, and keeping mementos to remind them of the parent.Significance of results:The ways that the adolescents continued their bond with a deceased parent assisted them in creating meaning out of their loss and adjusting to life without that parent. Our results can be used by health professionals and parents to help adolescents after a parent has died.
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Quintigliano, Maria, Nicola Carone, Anna Maria Speranza, Annalisa Tanzilli, Roberto Baiocco, Lavinia Barone, Concetta Pastorelli, and Vittorio Lingiardi. "Adolescent Development and the Parent–Adolescent Relationship in Diverse Family Forms Created by Assisted Reproduction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 16758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416758.
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Assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs) are employed by single individuals and couples who are not otherwise able to conceive spontaneously. While the use of ARTs is increasing, research is lacking on the attempts made by adolescent offspring conceived via ARTs to integrate their ART conception into their identity and negotiate a connection with, and autonomy from, their parents. The present article reviews studies investigating adolescent development and the parent–adolescent relationship in diverse family forms created by ARTs (mainly heterosexual and lesbian parent families), and discusses the results in light of attachment, identity development, and emotional distance regulation theories. Overall, the results indicate that the psychological adjustment of adolescents conceived via ARTs is not undermined by the manner of their conception, and that they enjoy positive relationships with their parents with no difference from those enjoyed by spontaneously conceived adolescents. However, it remains unknown whether the development of a reproductive identity in adolescence is likely to influence adolescents’ interest in searching for or contacting their donors, surrogates, and/or donor siblings. The results suggest the relevance of considering the parent–adolescent relationship, disclosure, and identity formation issues when planning psychological counseling and support interventions with ART parents and their adolescent offspring, and emphasize the need to further investigate these aspects in diverse ART families, including single-, gay-, bisexual-, and trans*-parent families.
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Carbert, Brussoni, Geller, and Mâsse. "Familial Environment and Overweight/Obese Adolescents’ Physical Activity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 17, 2019): 2558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142558.
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(1) Background: Family environments can impact obesity risk among adolescents. Little is known about the mechanisms by which parents can influence obesity-related adolescent health behaviours and specifically how parenting practices (e.g., rules or routines) and/or their own health behaviours relate to their adolescent’s behaviours. The primary aim of the study explored, in a sample of overweight/obese adolescents, how parenting practices and/or parental modeling of physical activity (PA) behaviours relate to adolescents’ PA while examining the moderating role of parenting styles and family functioning. (2) Methods: A total of 172 parent-adolescent dyads completed surveys about their PA and wore an accelerometer for eight days to objectively measure PA. Parents completed questionnaires about their family functioning, parenting practices, and styles (authoritative and permissive). Path analysis was used for the analyses. (3) Results: More healthful PA parenting practices and parental modeling of PA were both associated with higher levels of adolescents’ self-reported moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). For accelerometer PA, more healthful PA parenting practices were associated with adolescents’ increased MVPA when parents used a more permissive parenting style. (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that parenting practices and parental modeling play a role in adolescent’s PA. The family’s emotional/relational context also warrants consideration since parenting style moderated these effects. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating parenting styles into current familial interventions to improve their efficacy.
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Rogers, Mary E., Peter A. Creed, and Anna Praskova. "Parent and Adolescent Perceptions of Adolescent Career Development Tasks and Vocational Identity." Journal of Career Development 45, no. 1 (September 11, 2016): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845316667483.
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We surveyed Australian adolescents and parents to test differences and congruence in perceptions of adolescent career development tasks (career planning, exploration, certainty, and world-of-work knowledge) and vocational identity. We found that, for adolescents ( N = 415), career development tasks (not career exploration) explained 48% of the variance in vocational identity; for parents ( N = 415), this was 38% (not world-of-work knowledge). Parent perceptions of career development tasks did not explain additional variance in adolescent vocational identity. There were moderate correlations between adolescent and parent perceptions of career development tasks and vocational identity, suggesting meaningful, but not substantial, congruence of perceptions. The findings provide useful insights into the understanding of, and relationship between, parent and adolescent perceptions of adolescent career development tasks and vocational identity, which suggest avenues for interventions with adolescents and parents.
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Marheni, Adijanti, I. Rustika Made, and Luh Kadek Pande Ary Susilawati. "Peran Kualitas Kelekatan Anak dengan Orangtua pada Keterampilan Sosial Remaja." Jurnal Ilmu Perilaku 2, no. 2 (January 5, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jip.2.2.118-130.2018.
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This research aimed to examine correlation between child-parent attachement and social skills in adolescent. Social skill is one of important parts in adolescent development, because adolescents are trying to build relationship beyond the family. One of the factors affecting social skills development among adolescent is the quality of attachment between child and parent. Hypothesis in this research stated that there is a correlation between child-parent attachment and adolescent’s social skills. Participants in this research were 164 high school students in Denpasar. Instruments used in this research were Social Skills Scale (α = 0,831) and Indonesian translated version of Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (α = 0,941). The Result of this study showed positive correlation between the quality of child-parent attachment and adolescent’s social skills (r=0,323, p<0,05). This result reflected the significant effort to improve the quality of attachment between child and parents in adolescence, with the result that adolescent will build good social skills.
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Thompson, Mindi N., Pa Her, Rachel S. Nitzarim, Maggie Sampe, and Jacob Diestelmann. "The Transmission of Social Class and World of Work Information in Parent–Adolescent Dyads." Journal of Career Assessment 26, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 697–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072717727453.
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The process by which information about social class and the world of work is transmitted between parents and adolescents within families was explored via Grounded Theory. Data were gathered from separate individual semistructured interviews with 18 participants (9 parents and 9 adolescents from the same family). The themes that emerged from the data are depicted by the grounded theory and reveal an interconnected storyline through which messages about social class and the world of work are communicated in explicit and implicit ways within parent–adolescent relationships. Within each of these themes, three similar subthemes further delineated the nature of these processes within the parent–adolescent dyads: shared emotional reactions between parents and adolescents, the process by which familial communication occurs within the parent–adolescent dyads, and the ways in which adolescents internalize messages from their parents and initiate their own self-learning. Limitations of this study and directions for future research are discussed.
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Kocane, A., and N. Bezborodovs. "Parent and adolescent reports on emotional and peer problems in psychiatric outpatient setting using SDQ." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.616.
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IntroductionThe Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is one of the most widely used screening instruments in child and adolescent psychiatry. Studies have shown that the parent is a better informant than the adolescent, both for externalising and internalising disorders (Goodman et al, 1997, 2000).ObjectivesAim of this study was to examine the prevalence of parent and adolescent reported internalising problems in outpatient child and adolescent psychiatry setting using SDQ and examine the differences between parent and adolescent reports.MethodsThe study group was 101 adolescents (11-17 y.o.) and their parents, in 2 outpatient psychiatric care centres in Latvia. Internalising problems were assessed using SDQ parent and self-report version. When analyzing the score, 3rd and 4th band were defined as “high”.Results The mean age of adolescent population was 14,04 years (SD 1,96) and N=54 were female. 60,4% of parents and 52,5% of adolescents reported high level of peer problems, 63,4% of parents and 51,5% of adolescents reported high level of emotional problems. Parent and adolescent report results were concordant in two thirds of cases. Adolescents reported high emotional and peer problems in 9% and 14% of cases respectively, when their parents did not. And on the contrary - 22% of parents reported high level of internalising problems when the adolescent did not.ConclusionsMore than half of reports showed high levels of internalising problems. Every fifth parent reported a higher level of internalising problems than their adolescent. This agrees with previous findings that single informant (parent) reports might be more informative than multi-informant reports.
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Silvanasari, Irwina Angelia, Florentina Sustini, and Eka Mishbahatul Mar'ah Has. "Smartphone Usage and Parent Role Correlated with Risky Dating Behaviour in Adolescent." Indonesian Journal of Health Research 1, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32805/ijhr.2018.1.2.10.
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Introduction. Dating behavior becomes one of risky behavior in adolescence. The research purpose was to analyze the correlation between smartphone usage and parents role with risky adolescent dating behaviour. Methods. The research design was observational analytic with cross sectional approach. This research was conducted in January 2018. The population was the entire students of class X and XI in Jember X Senior High School. As many as 150 respondents taken with simple random sampling. The independent variables were information seeking, entertainment seeking, use of problematic smartphone, and parents role. The dependent variable was adolescent dating behaviour. Data collection used questionnaire. The data results were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression (α = 0,05). Results. The research results showed that adolescents with information seeking 5-6 times/day (OR = 7,010; 95% CI = 2,072 - 23,710) and information seeking 2-4 times/day (OR = 4,853; 95% CI = 2,013 - 11,696) tend to have risky dating behavior than adolescents with information seeking > 6 times/day. Adolescents with entertainment seeking > 6 times/day (OR=2,497; 95% CI=1,007-6,190) tend to have risky dating behavior compared to adolescents with entertainment seeking ≤ 4 times/day. Adolescents with poor parent role (OR=2,913; 95% CI=1,294 - 6,554) tend to have risky dating behavior compared to adolescents with good parent role. Conclusion. Wise smartphone usage should be done by adolescent. Parents should be able to open discussion about sexual health and monitor smartphone usage in adolescent. School nurses should be able to provide education related to wise smartphone usage to adolescent.
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Kawabe, Kentaro, Fumie Horiuchi, Hiroyuki Uno, Kiwamu Nakachi, Rie Hosokawa, Yasunori Oka, and Shu-Ichi Ueno. "Parent-Adolescent Agreement on Adolescents’ Emotional and Behavioral Problems Assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire." Global Pediatric Health 8 (January 2021): 2333794X2110012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x211001245.
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Objective. The perception of emotion and behavior is different between adolescents and their parents. Parent-adolescent agreement on emotional and behavioral problems has not been well researched. The aim of this study was to explore and compare how well the information from themselves matches with the judgments by their parents in terms of emotional and behavioral problems. Methods. The cross-sectional study was conducted using the self-report and parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A total of 1254 Japanese school adolescents aged 12 to 18 and their parents were assessed almost the same time. The results were analyzed using the paired t-test and 2-way analysis of variance for the discrepancies of parent-adolescent agreements in each age and gender groups. Results. Adolescents obtained higher total difficulty and all subscales scores of SDQ than their parents. The effect of grade on the self/parent discrepancy scores were significantly observed on the conduct problems ( P < .001), hyperactivity ( P = .009), and prosocial behavior ( P < .001). The effect of gender was shown significantly on the emotional problems ( P < .001), conduct problems ( P < .001), and peer problems ( P = .002). Conclusion. Adolescents reported more problems than their parents did. For comprehensive evaluation of adolescents’ mental health, it is necessary to draw information from both the adolescents themselves and their parents, and pay attention to the gap between adolescents and their parents’ perception.
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Kader, Zainab, and Nicolette V. Roman. "James House BEST Proactive Parenting Programme: experiences of South African parents." Argumentum 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18315/argumentum.v11i1.21853.
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The parent-child relationship often becomes challenging during the period of adolescence and it is community-based organisations, which take on the role of educating parents to improve the parent-adolescent relationship. The contribution of these interventions or programmes is not documented in South Africa. The James House BEST Proactive Parenting Programme prepares parents to manage the challenging behaviours of their adolescents. This was a qualitative study exploring the experiences of 24 parents living in at-risk resource-constrained communities who had attended the training workshops. Four themes emerged from the data (a) experiences of attending the proactive parenting workshops; (b) meaning of being a parent; (c) approaches to parenting and (d) the role of the father. In general, parents had a very positive experience and found that their relationships with their adolescents had improved. In particular, the results suggest that children require parental support, guidance, and parental involvement.
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Cardy, Jessica Louise, Polly Waite, Francesca Cocks, and Cathy Creswell. "A Systematic Review of Parental Involvement in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Adolescent Anxiety Disorders." Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 23, no. 4 (August 30, 2020): 483–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10567-020-00324-2.
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Abstract Anxiety disorders are common among adolescents and lead to poor long-term outcomes. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is an evidenced-based intervention for adolescent anxiety disorders, but little is known about whether and how parents should be involved. This systematic review evaluated how parents have been involved and associated treatment outcomes in studies of CBT for adolescent anxiety disorders. Electronic systematic searches were conducted in PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Medline, AMED databases, to identify studies investigating CBT for adolescent anxiety disorder(s) that included parents in treatment. Twenty-three papers were identified. Parents were involved in treatment in a number of different ways: by attending separate parent sessions, joint parent–adolescent sessions, or both, or through provision of a workbook while attending some adolescent sessions. Content varied but was most typically aimed at the parent developing an understanding of core CBT components and skills to help them manage their adolescent’s anxiety and avoidance. Treatment outcomes indicate that CBT with parental involvement is an effective intervention for adolescent anxiety disorders; however, it is not possible to draw conclusions regarding whether parental involvement (generally or in any particular form) enhances treatment outcomes. Poor reporting and methodological issues also limit the conclusions. Further research is required to identify whether there are particular types of parental involvement in CBT that bring clinical benefits to adolescents with anxiety disorders generally, as well as in particular circumstances.
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Hopfer, Suellen, Emilia J. Fields, Magdalen Ramirez, Sorina Neang Long, Heather C. Huszti, Adrijana Gombosev, Bernadette Boden-Albala, Dara H. Sorkin, and Dan M. Cooper. "Adolescent COVID-19 Vaccine Decision-Making among Parents in Southern California." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074212.
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Adolescent COVID-19 vaccination has stalled at 53% in the United States. Vaccinating adolescents remains critical to preventing the continued transmission of COVID-19, the emergence of variants, and rare but serious disease in children, and it is the best preventive measure available to return to in-person schooling. We investigated parent–adolescent COVID-19 vaccine decision-making. Between 24 February and 15 March 2021, we conducted surveys and 12 focus groups with 46 parent–adolescent dyads in Southern California. Parents and adolescents completed a survey prior to participation in a focus group discussion, which focused on exploring COVID-19 vaccine acceptance or uncertainty and was guided by the 5C vaccine hesitancy model. Parents uncertain about vaccinating adolescents expressed low vaccine confidence and high COVID-19 disease risk complacency. Parents who accepted COVID-19 vaccination for adolescents expressed high confidence in health authority vaccine recommendations, high perceived COVID-19 risk, and collective responsibility to vaccinate children. Additionally, unique pandemic-related factors of vaccine acceptance included vaccinating for emotional health, resuming social activities, and vaccine mandates. Among parents, 46% were willing to vaccinate their adolescent, 11% were not, and 43% were unsure. Among adolescents, 63% were willing to vaccinate. Despite vaccine availability, 47% of adolescents remain unvaccinated against COVID-19. Factors associated with vaccine uncertainty and acceptability inform health care practitioner, school, community, and public health messaging to reach parents and adolescents.
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Kartikasari, Aprilia, and Nina Setiawati. "Bagaimana Komunikasi Orangtua terkait Pendidikan Seks pada Anak Remaja Mereka?" Journal of Bionursing 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.bion.2020.2.1.33.
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Adolescents need serious attention because they are at risk of sexual and reproductive health problems. Sex education for adolescents is currently focused on a family approach, but communication with children about sex is often considered taboo by family members, especially parents. There are still many parents who say they are unable to talk about sex education with their children, in this case researchers need to know the barriers and difficulties of parents to communicate sex education to teenagers. The aims of this research was to descript parental-adolescent communication consists of discussion of parents with adolescents about problems in school, focus on current adolescents, the level of difficulty in discussing sex with children, and the topic of discussion about sexual and reproductive education. This study used descriptive analytical methods on respondents as many as 56 people who met the research criteria. The result of this study showed parent-adolescence communication about the school problems was lack, most of parents attention focus was on the school record, most of parents says difficult to talk about sex, and most of parents were not disscuse about sensitive topic on sexuallity with their children. Communication between parents and adolescents tends to be general, such as achievement in school, manners, and friendship. Most parents find it difficult to communicate regarding sexuality issues with their teenagers
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Banstola, Ratna Shila, Tetsuya Ogino, and Sachiko Inoue. "Impact of Parents’ Knowledge about the Development of Self-Esteem in Adolescents and Their Parenting Practice on the Self-Esteem and Suicidal Behavior of Urban High School Students in Nepal." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 6039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176039.
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Background: Suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescents worldwide, self-esteem is a strong protective factor, and parents may be able to provide interventions. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how parents can help enhance their adolescent’s self-esteem and prevent suicidal behavior among adolescents in Nepal. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to adolescents aged 13–19 years and their parents at eight high schools in three provinces in Nepal (n = 575 pairs). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (bivariate and multivariate regression analyses). Results: The mean self-esteem score of adolescents according to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was 16.59, and the prevalence of suicidal behavior was 11.3%. Parent’s knowledge about the development of self-esteem in adolescents was significantly positively related to parenting practice (communication, support, positive reinforcement, etc.) (B = 1.0, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.89–1.11) and authoritative parenting style (B = 0.2, 95% CI 0.15–0.25). Parental authoritativeness was positively associated with the self-esteem of their adolescents (B = 0.1, 95% CI 0.01–0.18), while adolescents with authoritarian parents were prone to suicidal risk behavior (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.19). Conclusion: Counseling to parents based on our findings would be helpful to enhance the self-esteem and prevent suicidal risk behavior in their adolescent children.
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Reicks, Marla, Dennis Degeneffe, Koel Ghosh, Christine Bruhn, L. Suzanne Goodell, Carolyn Gunther, Garry Auld, et al. "Parent calcium-rich-food practices/perceptions are associated with calcium intake among parents and their early adolescent children." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011001133.
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AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to (i) segment parents of early adolescents into subgroups according to their Ca-rich-food (CRF) practices and perceptions regarding early adolescent CRF intake and (ii) determine whether Ca intake of parents and early adolescents differed by subgroup.DesignA cross-sectional convenience sample of 509 parents and their early adolescent children completed a questionnaire in 2006–2007 to assess parent CRF practices and perceptions and to estimate parent and child Ca intakes.SettingSelf-administered questionnaires were completed in community settings or homes across nine US states.SubjectsParents self-reporting as Asian, Hispanic or non-Hispanic White with a child aged 10–13 years were recruited through youth or parent events.ResultsThree parent CRF practice/perception segments were identified, including ‘Dedicated-Milk Providers/Drinkers’ (49 %), ‘Water Regulars’ (30 %) and ‘Sweet-Drink-Permissive Parents’ (23 %). Dedicated-Milk Providers/Drinkers were somewhat older and more likely to be non-Hispanic White than other groups. Ca intakes from all food sources, milk/dairy foods and milk only, and milk intakes, were higher among early adolescent children of Dedicated-Milk Providers/Drinkers compared with early adolescents of parents in other segments. Soda pop intakes were highest for early adolescents with parents in the Water Regulars group than other groups. Dedicated-Milk Providers/Drinkers scored higher on culture/tradition, health benefits and ease of use/convenience subscales and lower on a dairy/milk intolerance subscale and were more likely to report eating family dinners daily than parents in the other groups.ConclusionsParent education programmes should address CRF practices/perceptions tailored to parent group to improve Ca intake of early adolescent children.
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Stephanou, Georgia, and Georgios Gkavras. "Adolescents’ Intuitive Appraisal, Attributions and Emotions for their Relationships with their Parents." International Journal of Learning and Development 2, no. 6 (November 12, 2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v2i6.2678.
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This study study aimed to examine (a) adolescents’ attributions and emotions for their subjectively perceived good and bad relationships with their parents, (b) the association of the intuitive and attributional appraisals of the adolescent-parent relationship with the subsequent emotions, and (c) the role of the perceived importance of the good adolescent-parent relationship in the generation of attributions and emotions, and in the impact of attributions on emotions. The sample comprised 670 adolescents, both genders, aged 14-17 years old, representing various parental socioeconomic levels. The results showed that: (a) It was extremely important for the adolescents to have good relationships with their parents, (b) the perceived good adolescent-parent relationships were attributed to internal, stable and personal controllable factors, along with parent- and self-parent interactive- related factors, while the estimated as bad relationships were attributed to external, stable, personal uncontrollable and external controllable factors (parents’ negative properties), (c) the adolescents experienced intense positive and negative emotions (mainly, general / outcome- dependent) for the perceived good and bad relationships with their parents, respectively, (d) both intuitive and attributional appraisals of the relationship were associated with the emotions, particularly in the perceived bad adolescent-parent relationship, and (e) the relative strength of the association of the attributional dimensions with the emotions varied between the perceived good and bad adolescent-parent relationship and across the various emotions. Keywords: Adolescent-Parent Relationship, Attributions, Emotions, Intuitive Appraisal.
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Lanz, Margherita, Raffaella Iafrate, Elena Marta, and Rosa Rosnati. "Significant others: Italian Adolescents' Rankings Compared with Their Parents'." Psychological Reports 84, no. 2 (April 1999): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.2.459.
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In a study of social context in which adolescents live from an inter-generational perspective, the purpose was comparison of significant others of the generation of Italian adolescents ( n = 595) and their parents' recalled others significant during adolescence (397 fathers and 416 mothers). Analysis showed the predominance of parents and above all the mother as the most significant others for both generations during adolescence. Further, today's adolescent generation attributed less importance to other unrelated adults than their parents recalled.
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Babitha, Bojjagani. "A Study on The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Adolescents Personality Factors." Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, no. 5 (December 1, 2022): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/dec_spl/50-54.
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Adolescence is a period during which a person develops the attitudes and beliefs necessary for meaningful engagement in society. The adolescent begins to build his own identity in preparation for adulthood, and in the process, he is confronted with numerous questions and decisions that are a part of the adolescent experience. Whereas parenting styles plays a major role in shaping the personality of the adolescents. Hence the study was under taken to fi nd the relationship between parenting styles and adolescents personality factors. Exploratory research design was adopted to select the respondents. A total respondents were180 parents (either of father/ mother 90) and adolescents (90) aged 12-21 years. Adolescents and parents were selected randomly from schools and colleges located at Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. Data was collected through personal interview method. Firstly, students are instructed to fi ll the general information form and to assess the personality factors, Big fi ve personality test by Goldberg (1992) was used. Whereas, parenting style four factor questionnaire by Shyny and Omana (2017). V.G. was adopted to fi nd parenting styles adopted by parents. Data was analyzed through frequency, percentage, and correlation were used. The results from the study revealed that authoritative parenting style was adopted by majority of the adolescents’ parents and it had relationship with adolescent’s personality factors. Authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved parenting styles had negative infl uence on personality factors of adolescents.
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Kovacevic-Lepojevic, Marina, Nikoleta Gutvajn, and Tatjana Mentus-Kandic. "Control less, trust more: Parenting and externalising problems of adolescents." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 53, no. 2 (2021): 281–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi2102281k.
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Previous research recognises poor parental monitoring, negative parental upbringing practices and insecure attachment as risk factors of great importance for understanding externalising problems in adolescence. The aim of the research is to understand the role that affective attachment to parents plays in the interpretation of the relationship between parental monitoring and upbringing practices with externalising problems of adolescents. A total of 507 adolescents (209 males and 298 females), aged between 15 to 18 filled the questionnaires. Through the use of structural equation modelling, trust in parents is revealed as important mediator with systematic effect that deserves further attention. It is found that trust in parents, especially in mothers, is a more potent mediator for explaining the link between positive parenting and parental monitoring with aggressive behaviour than with rule-breaking behaviour. Results are discussed in the light of the importance of parent-adolescent relationship for externalising problems in adolescence.
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Pocsidio, Renzo, Joaquim Rizal, Andre Techico, Joseph David Melliza, Josef Tagupa, and Wilfred Luis Clamor. "Externalizing Behaviors and Family Influences on Filipino Urban Adolescents." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 3, no. 5 (May 29, 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2021.3.5.6.
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This study will look through Bandura’s Social Learning Theory perspective on how parental influence predicts Filipino adolescents' externalizing behaviors. As children are impressionable, they observe their parents as role models; their behavior develops from childhood to adolescence is dependent on parental influence. With this in mind, the study’s research objectives aim to understand how parental influences, such as abusive and antisocial behavior, affect the adolescent’s externalizing behavior and the level of externalizing behaviors among Filipino adolescents living in Metro Manila, Philippines. The researchers then surveyed 202 Filipino adolescents residing in Metro Manila, answering a questionnaire that measured family characteristics, perceived abusive and antisocial behavior of parents, and self-assessed level of externalizing behaviors. The data gathered was processed through descriptive and inferential statistics, and the results concluded that family influence does have significance in the adolescent's externalizing behavior. In conclusion, through the Social Learning Theory and the data collected, the adolescent's externalizing behaviors are due to family influence.
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Crawford, Christopher A., Courtney E. Vujakovich, Lindsey Elmore, Emily Fleming, Benjamin J. Landis, Katie G. Spoonamore, and Stephanie M. Ware. "Adolescents with congenital heart defects: a patient and parental perspective of genetic information and genetic risk." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 2 (January 27, 2020): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951119002646.
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AbstractCongenital heart defects (CHDs) occur in 8 of 1000 live-born children, making them common birth defects in the adolescent population. CHDs may have single gene, chromosomal, or multifactorial causes. Despite evidence that patients with CHD want information on heritability and genetics, no studies have investigated the interest or knowledge base in the adolescent population. This information is necessary as patients in adolescence take greater ownership of their health care and discuss reproductive risks with their physicians. The objectives of this survey-based study were to determine adolescents’ recall of their own heart condition, to assess patient and parent perception of the genetic contribution to the adolescent’s CHD, and to obtain information about the preferred method(s) for education. The results show that adolescent patients had good recall of their type of CHD. Less than half of adolescents and parents believed their CHD had a genetic basis or was heritable; however, adolescents with a positive family history of CHD were more likely to believe that their condition was genetic (p = 0.0005). The majority of patients were interested in receiving additional genetics education and preferred education in-person and in consultation with both parents and a physician. The adolescents who felt most competent to have discussions with their doctors regarding potential causes of their heart defect previously had a school science course which covered topics in genetics. These results provide insight into adolescents’ perceptions and understanding about their CHD and genetic risk and may inform the creation and provision of additional genetic education.