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1
Berends, Valori Hyten Cloyd. "Comparison of client attendance, attrition, and outcomes in 2 class system packages." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9120.
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Cocozza, Madeleine. "The Parenting of Society : From Report to Support." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Barn- och ungdomspsykiatri, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10713.
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Child protection is the process that aims to find, investigate and help maltreated children. In many countries this process is initiated by professionals who compile mandated reports that are then submitted to a designated agency that in many cases is part of a separate child protection system. In Sweden there is no separate child protection system. In Sweden, the child protection process is part of the family-service organization system. The system has two main objectives, one is voluntary (provide family service), the other coercive (provide child protection). This system is administered by the municipal social services agencies (referred to throughout as Social Services). Aim: The overall purpose of this study was to gain knowledge of the child protection process in Sweden. The aim was two fold, one to carry out an in-depth study of a population of reports, the other to analyse the results of the findings in relation to the child protection system. The child protection system consists of elements outlined in the macro system: the underlying ideology and the framing of the problem, and the legislation, administration and the demands placed on professionals. Method: A total population of reports made to one municipality during 1998 was followed to a final decision. The reports were collected in 2000.´There were 1 570 reports made regarding 1 051 children, which composed 4 % of children age 0-18. This initial study was used in four papers where data were analysed covering four different issues. In 2003 a follow-up study was conducted in order to determine the extent to which the child appeared in the database of Social Services. In the first paper the children’s age, gender and contacts with Social Services were described as were the content of the reports and the outcome of reporting. The objective of the second paper was a description of the reporter, and the measurement of the extent to which the reports indicated child maltreatment. The third paper aimed at analysing how the first decision, the decision not to investigate reports, was made in the child protection process. Then a re-evaluation of these decisions was made to see how well the decision was justified. The contacts taken were described. In the fourth paper the influence of the socio-economic load on the child protection process was measured. Findings: Few reports (16 %) led to an intervention being provided, and 41% of the reports were not investigated further. In the follow-up study 61% of all 1 051 children appeared in the files of Social Services. As Sweden lacks a juvenile delinquency system these cases are automatically passed from the police to Social Services and are there registered as mandated reports. Hence the police became the largest report group of reporters, followed by professionals. Of the professionals’ reports 22 % were not investigated. In the follow-up study 53 % of these re-occurred at the Social Service and were then investigated. Seventy six percent of the reports not investigated were when re-evaluated found to indicate child maltreatment. The social worker used the parents as the main source for information in 74 % of the cases. The social worker did not contact the child at all in 53 % of the cases and only nine of the reporters were contacted. In the follow-up study 45 % of the children investigation re-appeared in the files of Social Services. Children from high socio-economic load districts were more often reported than those from middle or low (4.3%, 3.1% 2.3%). The socio economic load when measured in logistic regression was not found to correlate with the decision to investigate. A main finding in this study was that the child protection process was difficult to separate from other systems within the family service. This makes it much more difficult to evaluate the child protection process. The reports filed by professionals were not investigated adequately, and the lack of criteria of specifying how reports are to be evaluated creates a risk that maltreated children will not be found. The professional reports were handled in a way that increased the risk that professionals will have negative experiences with Social Services that consequently can lead them to refrain from filing eports. Conclusion: These findings suggest the following: Pass new legislation that makes it easier to separate each of the three systems from the other. Create a national database in which data on the handling of child-protection cases is systematically recorded. Develop a national reporting form that is to be used by all who file mandated reports of suspected maltreatment. Create clear criteria that specify how a report is to be handled to ensure that the reporting professionals are met with appropriate respect and that the quality of the decisions is guaranteed all over the country.
3
Berends, Valori. "Comparison of Client Attendance, Attrition, and Outcomes in 2 Class System Packages." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9120/.
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Using the principles of systems analysis as a guide, this study compared two class schedule formats used by Behavior Management and Parenting Services (BMAPS) in order to address the following research questions: 1) What effects do 2 different class formats have on student attrition and appointment keeping? 2) What effects do 2 different class formats have on student outcomes on a pre and posttest assessment? 3) What effects do 2 different class formats have on staff procedures? BMAPS provides parent education to individuals referred by Child Protective Services. The current research included approximately 200 referred clients with an appointment or class scheduled with BMAPS between January 1, 2006 and September 22, 2007. Data was collected by reviewing client files for class attendance and performance records. Results of this study allow BMAPS to enlist the class format that is correlated with better attrition rates and client outcomes.
4
Melvin, Holly Lynn. "The relationship among parenting styles, children's empathy, and certain problematic behaviors in children and young adolescents." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1709.
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Wells, Jennifer Ann Abell Ellen Elizabeth. "An exploration of participant-level factors associated with the success of the Begin Education Early Program." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/WELLS_JENNIFER_51.pdf.
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Cohen, Leamore. "“You know, kids don’t come out in a cookie-cutter” : disability and other processes mothers of ‘labelled’ children negotiate in the educational playing field." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2759.
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This thesis examines how mothers of children labeled ‘learning disabled’ negotiate with educational professionals as advocates for their children. Previous scholarship has not adequately addressed the role that parents, particularly mothers of children labeled ‘learning disabled’ play in the education of their children. Through analyzing the ways in which these educational practices shape people’s experiences and identities, we can gain a deeper understanding of the ways in which labeling processes are experienced, managed, constructed, negotiated and/or resisted. This subject was explored through in-depth interviews with six mothers, using interviewing practices informed by standpoint methodology.
My analysis follows two major themes. The first theme deals with the contradictory nature of psychoeducational assessments in the classrooms of the educational system. I demonstrate how psychoeducational assessments act as a set of rules, regulations and rights. I demonstrate how the mothers in my study used these as tools for empowerment and resistance to educational structures and discourses of normalcy. I also demonstrate the limitations of these texts to secure the educational interest and rights of children labeled ‘learning disabled’. The second theme deals with transformation processes. I ask, how do mothers of children labeled ‘learning disabled’ change as a result of negotiating their child or children’s ‘learning disability’. I demonstrate how being a parent of a child labeled ‘learning disabled’ is outside the sphere of ‘regular’ parenting and the sphere of the formal educational system and the economic, social and health-related consequences of such negotiations.
7
Glatz, Terese. "Parent's reactions to adolescents' problematic behaviors." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-20132.
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Traditional socialization theories suggest that parents shape their children, and parents’ socialization strategies are decided upon largely independent of the children. These ideas, however, have received criticism. In this dissertation, I focus on how children and adolescents influence their parents’ behaviors. Specifically, I examine parents’ reactions to problematic behaviors in their adolescents. In the three studies, I presented theoretical models that offered explanations why parents react as they do to problematic behaviors in their adolescents. In these models, parents’ cognitions worked as mechanisms to explain their subsequent reactions. The overall pattern in the studies was that parents tended to shift in cognitions about their own role as parents and their adolescents’ behaviors when they were faced with problematic behaviors, which influenced their behaviors toward their adolescents. In Study I, parents became less strictly opposed to adolescent drinking when they encountered their adolescents intoxicated. This reaction was explained by a reduction in dissonance between their attitudes to adolescent drinking and their knowledge of their own adolescents’ drinking. In Study II and Study III, parents of adolescents with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention problems (HIA) reported that their adolescents did not respond to their attempts to correct their behaviors. This cognition made them feel powerless and, as a consequence, they increased in negative behaviors and decreased in positive parenting strategies. In these two studies, parents decreased in their thoughts of being able to deal with their adolescents’ misbehaviors. In addition, as was shown in the third study, these cognitions seem to be influenced by parents’ earlier experiences with their first-born children. In sum, the results of this dissertation suggest that adolescents influence their parents’ cognitions and behaviors. Further, the results highlight the importance of focusing on how parents’ ways of thinking influence their parenting strategies.
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Grip, Cajza, and Kristin Nåhdin. "Bristande Föräldraskap : en studie om föräldrabedömning och förutsättningar för samverkan mellan två instanser kring föräldraskapet." Thesis, University West, Division of Social Pedagogy and Sociology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-1609.
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Den här uppsatsen är en studie om föräldrar och föräldraskap. Vårt syfte med studien är att se hur företrädare för två instanser gör bedömningar av föräldrar som anses brista i sin omsorgsförmåga. De valda instanserna är en myndighetsinstans och en utförarinstans. Våra frågor i studien är: hur beskriver de nämnda organisationerna ett gott föräldraskap/ föräldraförmåga? Vilka faktorer vägs in i bedömningen av föräldraförmågan? Vilka riktlinjer/ arbetsmodeller utgår organisationerna ifrån? I vilken utsträckning samverkar organisationerna kring stöd och bedömning? Det här är en empirisk studie, där vi har intervjuat företrädare för två instanser, totalt fyra grup-per. Vi har använt hermeneutisk tolkning för att se på det empiriska materialet. Vår analys är grundad utifrån systemteori, intersektionalitet och samverkansteori. Begreppen vi undersökt är gott föräldraskap och tillräckligt bra. Synen på begreppet tillräckligt bra/ good enough varierade beroende på om de var på svenska eller engelska. Överlag är gott föräldraskap när den känslo-mässiga och fysiska omsorgen står i relation till barnets behov. Resultatet som vi kommit fram till är att dessa två instanser har samsyn kring de begrepp som vi undersökt. Vidare beskriver denna studie förutsättningarna för samverkan samt betydelsen av att sträva mot ett gemensamt språk. Vår slutsats är att dessa begrepp, framförallt tillräckligt bra, är väldigt subjektiva och att det är svårt att skriva ner kriterier. Detta beror på att det handlar om människor. Vidare visar denna studie även att instanserna samverkar med varandra kring männi-skor. I diskussionsdelen beskrivs det socialpedagogiska förhållningssättet som inkluderar det salutoge-na perspektivet, intersektionalitet och empowerment.
This paper is a study about parents and parenting. Our purpose with this study is to see how rep-resentatives from two authorities make valuation of parents that lack parenting skills. The chosen authorities are an authority and one performer of task. Our questions are: defined by the authori-ties – what do good parenting mean? Which factors are considered in an assessment of parents? What kind of guidelines/ work models do the organisations have? To what extent do these two authorities collaborate around support and assessment? This is an empirical study, were we have interviewed representatives from two authorities, in total four groups. We have used hermeneutic interpretation to look at the empirical material. Our analy-sis is built on the system theory, intersectional analysis and collaboration theory. The terms we examined were good parenting and good enough. The view of the term good enough depended on if the term was in Swedish or in English. Overall, good parenting is when the emotional and physical care is in relation to the needs of the child. The result we found was that these two authorities share the same view on the terms that we ex-amine. Further on we describe the condition for collaboration and the meaning of reaching for the same “language”. Our conclusion is that these terms, especially good enough, is very subjective and that it´s hard to write down criteria’s. This because it´s all about people. This study also shows that the authorities work together around people. In the discussion describes the social pedagogues’ approach that includes a salutogen perspective, intersectional analysis and empowerment.
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Musser, Erica. "A Multi-Method Investigation of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Emotion Regulation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13403.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) likely involves fundamental alterations in self-regulation. These problems typically have been viewed as involving disruptions in the regulation of cognition and behavior. However, they also have been hypothesized to involve disruptions in emotion regulation. If so, parenting behaviors may take on renewed importance in ADHD, because parents play an essential role in children developing the ability to regulate their emotions independently.
Three studies examined the association between emotion regulation and ADHD. Study 1 examined autonomic nervous system functioning during the experience and regulation of both positive and negative emotions. Study 2 examined coherence among autonomic and behavioral emotional systems. Finally, Study 3 examined the roles of parenting behavior, parental expressed emotion, and child autonomic nervous system functioning. In Studies 1 and 2, participants with ADHD and typically developing youth aged 7 to 11 years old completed an emotion induction and suppression procedure. For Study 3, participants completed a parent-child interaction task coded for parental behavior, and parents completed a five-minute speech sample coded for expressed emotion. Electrocardiogram and impedance cardiography were monitored for children across all three studies.
The following results were notable. In Study 1, children with ADHD showed atypical autonomic inflexibility (i.e., elevated parasympathetic and sympathetic responding across task conditions). Additionally, children with ADHD were divided according to levels of prosocial behavior. Unlike other children with ADHD, children with very low levels of prosocial behavior displayed blunted autonomic activity across task conditions. In Study 2, specific patterns of reduced coherence among emotion regulatory systems (i.e., facial affective behavior and autonomic nervous system reactivity) were observed among children with ADHD. Finally, in Study 3, high levels of parental expressed emotion were associated uniquely with ADHD, even after controlling for comorbid symptoms. In contrast, parental intrusiveness was associated uniquely with child oppositional defiant and low prosocial behavior, even after controlling for ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, specific, different patterns of autonomic reactivity during the parent-child interaction were associated with ADHD and oppositional defiant behaviors. Across these studies, it is concluded that intrinsic and extrinsic emotion and emotion regulatory systems are disrupted among children with ADHD.
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Durrant, Kate. "The Genetic and Social Mating System of a White-Backed Population of the Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen tyrannica)." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366788.
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The Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) is a large, sedentary, omnivorous passerine. In some populations, individuals live in groups, and some of these groups breed cooperatively. The white-backed magpie (G. t. tyrannica) from the south-eastern corner of the continent, has had relatively little study, and few details are known of its mating system, social structure, and method of parental care. I conducted an observational study on a population of white-backed magpies, recording details of their demography, dispersal, breeding system, and parental care. In conjunction, I conducted a genetic analysis of the population, to determine if the genetic mating system matched the observed social system, to detect instances of extra-group mating, and to sex juvenile birds. Extra-pair paternity (EPP) is a common feature of the mating systems of many birds. The rate of EPP may vary between species, races and populations. I made a comparison of extra-group paternity (EGP) rates between two races of the Australian magpie, to determine if similar mating systems were being employed. The two populations had similar social structure, but differed in group size and dispersal. I predicted that dispersal differences would have a profound effect on the rate of EGP between the populations, as the population with the lower rate of dispersal and higher chance of breeding with a close relative would engage in EGPs more frequently. Eight microsatellite loci were used to determine parentage in the white-backed Australian magpie. The rate of EGP was found to be 44%. Dispersal rates were estimated from observational data. Over half of the juvenile magpie cohort from the previous breeding season leave the territorial group. These results contrast sharply with the results found by other researchers in a population of western Australian magpies (G t. dorsalis). In this population, 82% EGP is recorded and dispersal of juveniles is close to nil. The results indicate that dispersal rate is a potentially important predictor of rates of extra-group fertilisations between populations of this species, and suggest that females maximise their reproductive output by avoiding breeding with close kin. The reproductive success of a male bird is often correlated with measurable traits that predict his intrinsic quality. Females are thought to select mates based on their quality to gain their 'good genes'. Male Australian magpies of the white-backed race were trapped in two breeding seasons. Measurements were taken of morphometric and other characteristics in order to discover whether particular traits of males were associated with: a) number of fledglings produced in the territory per season; b) percentage of offspring sired in the territory; and c) whether females select males for their 'good genes'. The only variable that was correlated with number of territorial offspring was feather lice load. Males with high numbers of lice were less likely to produce territorial fledglings in one season and across both seasons. Males of inferior quality may be subject to increased conspecific territorial intrusions, leading to more time spent on defence, more failed breeding attempts, less time allocated to grooming and thus high parasite loads. Males that produced many territorial fledglings were more likely to gain genetic paternity of at least some of them, although again this was significant for only one season. Also, across both seasons, a high number of females in the group was correlated with increased paternity within the group. The general lack of correlation between the variables and level of genetic paternity may be due to females engaging in extra-group mating primarily to avoid breeding with a close relative rather than to choose a quality male. In this scenario, males would not have to be 'high quality', but merely genetically different to the female's social mate. Extra-group paternity (EGP) can affect paternal effort. It may also influence the helping effort of auxiliary birds in cooperatively breeding species. If helping is driven by kin selection, helpers should decline to provision unrelated young. Relatedness becomes difficult to assess however, when females mate outside the group. Alternative rewards may then become important in helper decisions. In my study population of Australian magpies, 38% of fledglings were sired by males outside the territorial group. In a second population (G. t. dorsalis), 82% of fledglings were sired by extra-group males. I observed within-group male and helper feeding effort over three breeding seasons in the first population and obtained data recorded over a single season in the second population. In both populations, males provisioned young regardless of relatedness, as did helpers. Males provisioned less than the nesting female on average. Paternal effort did not reduce with an increase in the rate of EGP between populations. In the population with intermediate levels of EGP, the white-backed magpies, I observed helpers in about half of the sampled territories that produced fledglings. Helpers did not increase the production of young. In the population with high levels of EGP, western magpies, I detected helping behaviour in proportionally more territories. It appears that Australian magpie helpers provide help in order to pay 'rent' and remain on the natal territory. I discuss these results in light of the differences between the two races of magpie and the major theories regarding male parenting decisions and helper activity. Finally, I examine the relatively high rates of EGP's in the Australian magpie from a phylogenetic perspective. Although inbreeding avoidance is strongly supported by this study as the major reason EGP is so common in magpie populations, there may be an element of phylogenetic inertia that maintains the frequency of this behavioural trait. I comment upon the use of single-population estimates of species EGP rates in comparative analyses, given the intraspecific variation discovered between Australian magpie populations. Future directions for the study of mate choice in the Australian magpie are outlined with a proposal to study variation at the major histocompatibility complex between mated pairs.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Durrant, Kate, and n/a. "The Genetic and Social Mating System of a White-Backed Population of the Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen tyrannica)." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040716.093636.
Full textAbstract:
The Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) is a large, sedentary, omnivorous passerine. In some populations, individuals live in groups, and some of these groups breed cooperatively. The white-backed magpie (G. t. tyrannica) from the south-eastern corner of the continent, has had relatively little study, and few details are known of its mating system, social structure, and method of parental care. I conducted an observational study on a population of white-backed magpies, recording details of their demography, dispersal, breeding system, and parental care. In conjunction, I conducted a genetic analysis of the population, to determine if the genetic mating system matched the observed social system, to detect instances of extra-group mating, and to sex juvenile birds. Extra-pair paternity (EPP) is a common feature of the mating systems of many birds. The rate of EPP may vary between species, races and populations. I made a comparison of extra-group paternity (EGP) rates between two races of the Australian magpie, to determine if similar mating systems were being employed. The two populations had similar social structure, but differed in group size and dispersal. I predicted that dispersal differences would have a profound effect on the rate of EGP between the populations, as the population with the lower rate of dispersal and higher chance of breeding with a close relative would engage in EGPs more frequently. Eight microsatellite loci were used to determine parentage in the white-backed Australian magpie. The rate of EGP was found to be 44%. Dispersal rates were estimated from observational data. Over half of the juvenile magpie cohort from the previous breeding season leave the territorial group. These results contrast sharply with the results found by other researchers in a population of western Australian magpies (G t. dorsalis). In this population, 82% EGP is recorded and dispersal of juveniles is close to nil. The results indicate that dispersal rate is a potentially important predictor of rates of extra-group fertilisations between populations of this species, and suggest that females maximise their reproductive output by avoiding breeding with close kin. The reproductive success of a male bird is often correlated with measurable traits that predict his intrinsic quality. Females are thought to select mates based on their quality to gain their 'good genes'. Male Australian magpies of the white-backed race were trapped in two breeding seasons. Measurements were taken of morphometric and other characteristics in order to discover whether particular traits of males were associated with: a) number of fledglings produced in the territory per season; b) percentage of offspring sired in the territory; and c) whether females select males for their 'good genes'. The only variable that was correlated with number of territorial offspring was feather lice load. Males with high numbers of lice were less likely to produce territorial fledglings in one season and across both seasons. Males of inferior quality may be subject to increased conspecific territorial intrusions, leading to more time spent on defence, more failed breeding attempts, less time allocated to grooming and thus high parasite loads. Males that produced many territorial fledglings were more likely to gain genetic paternity of at least some of them, although again this was significant for only one season. Also, across both seasons, a high number of females in the group was correlated with increased paternity within the group. The general lack of correlation between the variables and level of genetic paternity may be due to females engaging in extra-group mating primarily to avoid breeding with a close relative rather than to choose a quality male. In this scenario, males would not have to be 'high quality', but merely genetically different to the female's social mate. Extra-group paternity (EGP) can affect paternal effort. It may also influence the helping effort of auxiliary birds in cooperatively breeding species. If helping is driven by kin selection, helpers should decline to provision unrelated young. Relatedness becomes difficult to assess however, when females mate outside the group. Alternative rewards may then become important in helper decisions. In my study population of Australian magpies, 38% of fledglings were sired by males outside the territorial group. In a second population (G. t. dorsalis), 82% of fledglings were sired by extra-group males. I observed within-group male and helper feeding effort over three breeding seasons in the first population and obtained data recorded over a single season in the second population. In both populations, males provisioned young regardless of relatedness, as did helpers. Males provisioned less than the nesting female on average. Paternal effort did not reduce with an increase in the rate of EGP between populations. In the population with intermediate levels of EGP, the white-backed magpies, I observed helpers in about half of the sampled territories that produced fledglings. Helpers did not increase the production of young. In the population with high levels of EGP, western magpies, I detected helping behaviour in proportionally more territories. It appears that Australian magpie helpers provide help in order to pay 'rent' and remain on the natal territory. I discuss these results in light of the differences between the two races of magpie and the major theories regarding male parenting decisions and helper activity. Finally, I examine the relatively high rates of EGP's in the Australian magpie from a phylogenetic perspective. Although inbreeding avoidance is strongly supported by this study as the major reason EGP is so common in magpie populations, there may be an element of phylogenetic inertia that maintains the frequency of this behavioural trait. I comment upon the use of single-population estimates of species EGP rates in comparative analyses, given the intraspecific variation discovered between Australian magpie populations. Future directions for the study of mate choice in the Australian magpie are outlined with a proposal to study variation at the major histocompatibility complex between mated pairs.
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Jaku, Danielle Georgia. "Responsible families a critical appraisal of the federal government's reforms /." Master's thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/620.
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Thesis (LLM)--Macquarie University. Division of Law.Bibliography: leaves 192-208.
Introduction -- The perceived problems and the new reforms -- The framework for children's matters in Australia -- Families and functions - regulating the Australian family -- Reorganising the gender hierarchy -- Men's movements, misconceptions and misidentifying the real issues -- Problems with "shared parenting": an ideal or a (rebuttable) presumption? -- Mediation not litigation -- Conclusion -- Bibliography.
In this thesis, I critically appraise the latest reforms of the Australian family law system and assess the underlying philosophy of these measures. I specifically analyse the introduction of shared parenting and mandatory family dispute resolution. My starting point is that legislative changes alone cannot be used as a means of social change. Legal models cannot function correctly if they reflect an ideal rather than social reality, and in light of the current reforms, the Australian family law system risks such a fate. The system, which presumes that parents share parental responsibility upon separation (and therefore during the intact family), does not represent social truth. It appears to make an assumption that shared parenting is the societal practice, but I believe the law is really being used to impose such an ideal. If the reforms are to be successful, I argue that substantial social and economic structural change is required, in order to break down the dichotomy between men's and women's roles, which continue to define the male role as economic and public and the female responsibility as care-giving and private. This is particularly important if the Government is genuine about its aim to make parenting gender neutral in practice and not just in theory.
The thesis demonstrates that the reform measures are a response to the perceived rather than real problems identified in the family law system, and that they are largely issues raised under the influence of fathers' rights groups. The response of the Government to remedy the system is therefore flawed as it is based on misconceived notions about the family law system. It incorrectly identifies judicial discretion as a fundamental cause of the problems and tries to replace it with a more rules-based approach to determining children's matters. I suggest that the real problems can be found in the continuance of deeply entrenched customs and gendered role constructions, and the remedies lie in their overhaul. The social culture that makes the mother the primary caregiver and allocates to the father diminished parental responsibility from the time the child is born needs to be transformed. A suitable legal response to the current impasse would be to begin by educating the public about the way the system works and provide counselling to families on how to structure their united life well before they reach the breakdown point. Assisting families while they are still functional, as opposed to when they are dysfunctional, would arguably make a large difference in how the family law system is understood. Moreover, it would be able to facilitate ongoing communication for separating couples and, most importantly, thereby uphold the best interests of the child.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
208 leaves
13
Roxanne, Henry. "The association between perceived parenting styles and adolescent substance use." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2108.
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Magister Psychologiae - MPsychUsing the literature on Baumrind's theory of Parenting Styles and how perceptions of these are associated to adolescent at-risk behaviour, this study set out to examine whether any parenting style increased or decreased adolescent substance use. The central aim of this study was to examine the association between perceived parenting styles and adolescent substance use. To further this, 239 grade 10 and 11 adolescent participants were drawn from 3 schools in Mitchell's Plain, a suburb in the Western Cape (with permission granted from the Education Department). This particular suburb was chosen due to the high rates of substance use and substance related crime within the area. A quantitative research design was implemented within this study. The participants were required to complete the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), a questionnaire aimed at measuring drug use, and the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), aimed at measuring perceived parenting styles and a Biographical Questionnaire to provide additional information. Informed consent was obtained and the confidentiality of the schools and participants were protected. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, a data analysis programme available at the University of the Western Cape. Results show that substance use reduction was significantly related to a perceived authoritative parenting style. However, no significant relationships could be found between perceived permissive and authoritarian parenting style. Significant difference was found in the results obtained for male and female adolescents, with males generally appearing to use more substances. It can be concluded that perceived authoritative parenting styles have an important role to play in the prevention of adolescent substance abuse.
South Africa
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Nel, Gezina Elizabeth. "Sosio-emosionele gesinsfunksionering na 'n egskeiding 'n Ouerskapsprogram vir die gesin met voorskoolse kinders /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09192005-092127.
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Davids, Ronel Sanet. "The development of guidelines for hearing parents parenting a children with hearing loss." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7736.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDParenting children with a hearing loss presents hearing parents with unique parenting challenges. Adapting to and managing these challenges is dependent on parents’ personal and social support as well as the resources available to them. There is limited research regarding hearing parents’ personal and social support and access to appropriate resources. In order to bridge this gap, the aim of the study was to develop guidelines for hearing parents parenting children with a hearing loss. A mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design using a two-phased approach was employed in this study. Phase 1 endeavoured to identify the problem and explore the needs of parents by using a staged approach. The sample in this phase included 103 participants in the quantitative study and 13 participants in the qualitative study. Phase 2 applied a consensus workshop made up of two rounds: Round 1 comprised a panel of experts, namely, academics in the field of child, family, and disability studies, and Round 2 included a panel of stakeholders comprised of hearing parents, professionals, Deaf mentors, and leaders working within the field of hearing loss. The purpose of the workshop was to reach consensus on the development of guidelines. From this research, a number of guidelines emerged for parents, focusing on:1) early intervention programmes for hearing parents and children diagnosed with a hearing loss, highlighting guidance and counselling for parents on early identification and screening programmes; 2) the need for social and emotional support to deal with the emotional impact of the diagnosis on the family, the parents, as well as the child with a hearing loss; 3) access to resources and information which is comprehensive and unbiased, allowing parents to make informed choices; and 4) support for communication intervention whereby parents are offered unbiased support in terms of communication options for their children. This study has important implications for the collaboration and partnerships between parents, social services (social workers), and health and family practitioners for the provision of family-centred practices.
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Antoniades, Savopoulos Anastasia. "Exploring the experiences of mothers after participating in a mother-child interaction intervention, within an HIV context." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07082009-084041.
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Flowers, Ronald Merle. "Improving satisfaction in the adolescent family an approach to parent education incorporating structural family systems theory /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Wang, Hong. "Changes in parenting for Chinese new immigrant families and the implications for social service delivery systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0008/MQ41646.pdf.
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Coert, Samantha Lee. "A comparison of the relationship between parental efficacy and social support systems of single teen mothers across different family forms." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5449.
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Magister Social Work -MSWTeenage parenting is recognised as one of the greatest health and social problems in South Africa. Research in South Africa has shown that by the age of 18 years, more than 30% of teens have given birth at least once. Teen mothers may feel disempowered because they are ‘othered’ and consequently, may develop forms of resistance which in most cases may inhibit their ability to parent. Social support is therefore, an imperative intervention for successful teen parenting. Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological systems theory proposes that social support could be considered to reside within the microsystem of the model if the developing person is the teen mother. The aim of this study was to compare social support of different family forms and establish whether a relationship between single teen mothers’ parental efficacy and social support exists across the different family forms. This study used a quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional comparative correlation design. The sample consisted of N = 160 single teen mothers who reside with her family for a period of one year or is currently residing with her family or members thereof, in low socio-economic communities. The participants completed a self-report questionnaire that comprised of the Social Provisions Scale (SPS), and the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to investigate the data. Outcomes of the study indicated that a significant positive relationship between social support and parental efficacy existed. These findings are important for planning and applying parenting programmes amongst single teen mothers and facilitating awareness regarding the importance of social support and family forms when considering parenting practices.
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Guerrero, Lydia, and Sonia Marlene Valadez. "Stepparents: Social support systems and factors that contribute to role fulfillment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2868.
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Forty-five stepparents responded to four scales: Perceived Social Support Friend Scale, Perceived Social Support Family Scale, Kansas Family Life Satisfaction Scale and the Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale. The study found a significant positive correlation between family and friend support and stepparents' role fulfillment.
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September, Shiron Jade. "A comparative study of the relationship between knowledge of child development and parenting styles in high and low socio-economic groups of parents in early childhood development centres." U, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4197.
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Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)Early childhood development has been recognised to be the most important contributor to long-term social and emotional development. Whatever occurs in a child‘s life in the early years may be an indicator of the child‘s developmental trajectory and life-course. Therefore positive parenting is paramount to foster quality parent-child interaction. However, previous research shows that for parents to adopt a positive parenting style, some degree of parental knowledge is required. The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between knowledge of child development and parenting styles in low and high socio-economic groups of parents in early childhood development centres. The study used a mixed methods approach with a two-phased sequential exploratory design. A systematic review was conducted in phase 1 followed by a quantitative study for phase 2. The sample consisted of N = 140 parents with children between 2-5 years old from low and high socio-economic groups. The participants completed the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory (KIDI-P) and Parenting Styles Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ). Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. Findings of the study show that the authoritative parenting style is the prevalent parenting style in both low and high socio-economic groups. Furthermore the results indicate that parents are fairly knowledgeable across all subscales for both the low and high socio-economic group with a significant difference in degree of knowledge with the high socio-economic group being more knowledgeable than the low socio-economic group. The findings also show that there in no correlation between knowledge of child development and authoritative parenting styles. However correlations do exist between the other variables.
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Bortz, Patrick Robert. "Interrelations of Family Differentiation, Attachment, and Parenting with Identity Development in Emerging Adults." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1592601478258601.
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Rand, Joseph S. "Parental Experience-Based Change: Positive and Negative Changes in Monitoring, Expectations, Nurturing, and Discipline." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6118.
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This study sought to create a measure of parent's perceptions of parental experience-based change (PEBC), or parents' perceptions of the changes they make to their parenting of secondborn children as a result of experiences with firstborn children. The measure assessed PEBC in the domains of monitoring, expectations, nurturing and discipline. Participants were 401 mothers or fathers of 2 or 3 adolescent children. Factor analyses revealed an 8 factor solution that assessed increasing and decreasing in each of the 4 domains. Criterion validity was evaluated using regression analyses to examine the relationships between each factor and parenting outcomes thought to be related to PEBC, namely efficacy, relationship positivity and negativity, demandingness, responsiveness and granting of autonomy. Reliability of the measure was also evaluated. Overall, results supported the validity and reliability of the measure of PEBC and future research can implement the measure in study of parenting and sibling influence.
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Gibson, David G. "A Meta-Analytical Review of the Literature on the Efficacy of the Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) Program." DigitalCommons@USU, 1993. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6063.
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An analysis of previous reviews of the parent education literature revealed that few reviewers have incorporated sound methodological practice in their review process. Most reviewers included too few studies and ignored important information about the primary research studies that they reviewed. The Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) program has received less attention from reviewers than any of the other popular programs and information about its effectiveness is lacking.
Forty primary research studies, addressing the effectiveness of the STEP program, were located and analyzed using the meta-analytic method of review. Research questions for this study addressed the issues of effectiveness in terms of parent and child attitude change, behavioral change, psychological functioning, changes in self-esteem, changes in the family environment, and changes in parent/child interactions.
The variables that were coded and analyzed included the quality of the study, the publication source, socioeconomic status of the family, special parent characteristics (e.g., drug-addicted, abusive, Chicano, foreign), any children's handicaps (e.g . , learning disabled, Title I), type of group leader (professional or nonprofessional), type of tapes used (audiotape or videotape), design methodology, type of program participants (e.g., only mothers, couples, mixed parent groups), age of parents, education of parents, and age of child(ren). The dependent variables were coded and categorized into nine categories for parent measures and five categories for child measures . Effect sizes were computed for both immediate effects (immediately following treatment) and follow-up effects (after a designated elapsed time).
Moderate effect sizes were found which diminished with the passage of time. The STEP program was found to be more effective with couples than with mothers or with mixed parent groups. In addition, the program was found to be more effective with younger, less educated parents with younger children. Also, although representing only a few studies, it was found that exposure to the STEP program was associated with larger effect sizes for abusive and drug-addicted parents.
Regression analyses were conducted for selected dependent measures, and raw score prediction formulas were constructed using the age of parents, age of children, and education of parents as predictor variables. Suggestions are made for future research directions in the area of parent education and, specifically, changes in the STEP program that might add to its effectiveness.
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Stanger, Sarah Budney. "The Structure of Parent-Child Coping Interactions as a Predictor of Adjustment in Middle Childhood: A Dynamic Systems Perspective." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/933.
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This study applied a contemporary dynamic systems methodology (state space grids) to examine how the structure of parent-child coping interactions, above and beyond the content of such interactions, influences adjustment (i.e., internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and coping efficacy) over time in middle childhood. A community sample of children (N = 65) completed a stressful laboratory task with a parent present, during which parent and child behavior were observed. Parent behavior during the task was coded using a socialization of coping framework. Parents' verbal suggestions to their child about how to cope with the stressful task were coded as primary control engagement suggestions (i.e., suggestions encouraging the child to directly address and attempt to change the stressor or the child's associated emotions), secondary control engagement suggestions (i.e., suggestions encouraging the child to change their own reaction to their stressor), or disengagement suggestions (i.e., suggestions encouraging the child to take their attention away from the stressor). Child coping verbalizations and behavior during the task was coded as either engaging with the stressor or disengaging from the stressor. The structure of the parent-child coping interaction was measured in two ways: (a) dyadic flexibility, defined as the dispersion of parent and child behavior across all possible behaviors and the number of transitions between different parent or child behaviors during the task, and (b) attractor (i.e., parent-focused, child-focused, or dyad-focused interaction pattern) strength, defined as the number of visits, duration per visit, and return time to that interaction pattern. Child adjustment outcomes were measured using parent-report (internalizing and externalizing problems) and child-report (coping efficacy) at baseline and a 6-month follow-up. Linear regression analyses were conducted examining dyadic flexibility and the proposed attractors as predictors of child adjustment, while accounting for demographic variables, attractor content, and adjustment at baseline. Findings suggested that dyadic flexibility in the parent-child coping interaction was largely adaptive for child adjustment, whereas attractor strength demonstrated a more complex relationship with child adjustment outcomes. This study demonstrates the utility of applying state-space grids to examine the structure of parent-child coping interactions, in addition to content, as predictors of child adjustment. Furthermore, this study offers novel, detailed information about coping interactions in families with children in middle childhood. Clinical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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Orders, Shari A. "Unwrapping Giftedness: How Mothers of Elementary School-aged Children Assessed as Intellectually Gifted Make Meaning of the Gifted Construct and Participate in Educational Decision Making." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22705.
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This qualitative study was designed to explore the experiences and perceptions of a group of mothers whose elementary school-aged children met the criteria for intellectual giftedness in an Ontario school board. Guided by Beach and Mitchell’s image theory and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, the study sought to identify (a) the meanings mothers ascribed to the concept of giftedness, (b) their experiences of the assessment, identification and placement process, and (c) the factors deemed important to educational decision making.
A postpositivist orientation and rigorous qualitative research methods were employed. Data were collected in two phases: an internet-based survey comprised of demographic items and open ended questions, followed by in-depth interviews with five purposefully selected participants. Resultant data from 45 surveys and 15 interviews were coded and organized according to the survey questions and central elements of the theoretical framework. Eight research findings revealed that the experience of mothering gifted children was complex, challenging, emotional, and at times, isolating. Many mothers struggled with the concept of giftedness and how it pertained to their children. As mothers navigated the assessment, identification and placement process, the lack of accessible, timely, and consistent information from the school board posed a considerable barrier, prompting many to reach out to other parents of gifted children for information and support. Factors deemed important to decision making about educational placement included maternal perceptions related to the various options, child specific and practical considerations, and the attainability of specialized gifted programming. Educational decision making was identified as the most difficult aspect of the maternal experience. Given that the study participants were unusually well educated and well resourced, the findings were particularly revealing. The study findings add to a small but growing body of research that furthers our understanding of image theory in real life decision making. In addition, the findings give voice to the experience of mothering children identified as gifted, thus making a valuable and original contribution to the literature.
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Parker, Jennifer S. "Parent Structure and Support and Adolescent Problems: Delinquency, Substance Abuse, and Peer and Self-Esteem Deficits." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27344.
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Attachment and family systems theories provided a framework for examining parental structure and support and adolescent delinquency, substance abuse, peer relations, and self-esteem. Three parent scales: support, watchfulness and decidedness, and eight adolescent outcome variables assessing self-esteem, peer relations, and risk-behaviors were derived from the National Educational Longitudinal Study. The sample of 16,749 adolescents was diverse regarding race and ethnicity. All participants were in the tenth grade in the first wave and continued participation in the second wave two years later.
Parental support was hypothesized to be associated with increased self-esteem, positive peer relationships and reduced risk behaviors. Although the research findings support the hypothesis for each of the adolescent variables, support was most related to adolescent self-esteem and peer alienation, consistent with an attachment schema.
The hypothesis that parental watchfulness is linked to a reduction in adolescent high-risk behaviors was not supported. Instead, watchfulness was linked to self-esteem and peer alienation. These findings indicate that watchfulness, similar to support, is more related to internal processes rather than a mechanism for controlling behavior.
Parental decidedness is associated with lower risk behaviors along with lower self-esteem and greater susceptibility to peer alienation. This construct, in contrast to support and watchfulness, presents a different direction of influence depending on the adolescent outcome. The direction of influence of decidedness is negative for self-esteem and peer relations and positive for adolescent risk reduction.
The overall research findings indicate that high amounts of support and watchfulness are related to the most positive outcomes for adolescent self-esteem and peer relations. In contrast, the effect of parental decidedness was less salutary for self-esteem and peer relations. In summary, conclusions from this research have implications for theory and practice. For theory, the understanding of specific linkages between these parenting constructs and adolescent outcomes is advanced in this research. These linkages have implication for extensions and modifications of attachment and family systems theories. For practice, the findings suggest refinement in contemporary parent education and clinical work with families.Ph. D.
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Köpke, Sabrina. "Identity development and separation-individuation in relationships between young adults and their parents." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16570.
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Obwohl Identitätsentwicklung und Ablösung-Individuation in Eltern-Kind Beziehungen als verbundene Aufgaben psychosozialer Reifung gelten, sind sie in der psychologischen Forschung relativ unabhängig voneinander behandelt worden. Darüber hinaus sind Langzeitstudien im jungen Erwachsenenalter selten, obwohl sich hier Autonomie und Identität voll entwickeln und qualitative Veränderungen in Eltern-Kind Beziehungen stattfinden. Aus diesem Grund umfasst die vorliegende Dissertation eine differenzierte, dynamisch-entwicklungsbezogene Integration von Eltern-Kind Beziehungen und Identitätsentwicklung im Übergang zum Erwachsenenalter, die sequentielle und reziproke Zusammenhänge zwischen Komponenten, Mechanismen, die diese Zusammenhänge erklären und Determinanten interindividueller Entwicklungsunterschiede beschreibt. In einer längsschnittlichen Untersuchung an Studierenden, wurden die vorgeschlagenen Zusammenhänge getestet. Zusammenhänge zwischen agentischen Eigenschaften, reifer Verbundenheit mit Eltern und Identitätssicherheit zeigten das vorhergesagte Muster reziproker Verstärkung, indiziert durch die Vorhersage eines Anstiegs in Verbundenheit durch Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen und reziproke Assoziationen zwischen Verbundenheit und Sicherheit bezüglich / Identifikation mit Identitäts-Commitments. Abgelöstheit von Eltern und Identitätsunsicherheit waren relativ unabhängig voneinander. Es wurde argumentiert, dass eine situationsspezifischere Messung eventuell stärkere Zusammenhänge hervorbringt, da stressvolle Situationen kurzfristige Selbstunsicherheiten erzeugen und Annährungsverhalten auslösen. Es wurden Vorschläge gemacht, wie zukünftige Forschung auf diesen Ergebnissen aufbauen könnte, indem sie die vorgeschlagenen Sequenzen und Mechanismen unter Nutzung von Langzeitstudien mit multiplen Messzeitpunkten über Adoleszenz und junges Erwachsenenalter hinweg testet und Eltern als interaktive Agenten mit eigenen Identitäts- und Ablösungsthematiken einbezieht.Although identity development and separation-individuation in parent-child relationships are widely perceived as related tasks of psychosocial maturation, they have been treated relatively independently in psychological research. Furthermore, longitudinal investigations in young adulthood are very scarce although this is the age period where autonomy and personal identity fully develop and significant, qualitative changes in parent-child relationships take place. Therefore, the present dissertation covers the proposition of a differentiated, dynamic-developmental integration of parent-child relationships and identity development in the transition to adulthood that describes sequential and reciprocal associations between components of identity and relationships, mechanisms that could explain these associations, and determinants of interpersonal differences in development. In a 2-Wave longitudinal study on young adult students, the proposed longitudinal associations were tested. Associations between personal Agency, Mature Connectedness with parents, and Identity certainty showed the predicted pattern of reciprocal reinforcement, indicated by the prediction of an increase in Mature Connectedness by self-efficacy beliefs and by reciprocal associations between Mature Connectedness and certainty about and identification with identity commitments. Separateness and identity uncertainty were relatively independent. It was argued that a more situation-specific and short-termed measurement might provide stronger association because stressful situations might cause momentary self-uncertainty and trigger affiliation-seeking. Recommendations were offered on how future research might extend upon these results by testing the proposed sequences and mechanisms using longitudinal studies with multiple assessment points across the adolescent and young adult years and by incorporating parents as interactive agents with their own identity and separation issues.
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Olsavsky, Anna Lorraine. "Partners, Parents, and Children: Examining the Roles of Secure Base Script Knowledge Within the Family Context." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu158758986155005.
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Lindholm, Olinder Anna. "Self-management of diabetes in adolescents using insulin pumps." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122952.
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Insulin pump treatment (CSII) is considered the most physiological way to imitate the healthy body’s insulin profile in adolescents with diabetes. However, despite the use of CSII, achieving the recommended disease control is difficult for adolescents. The aim of this thesis was to explore aspects of self-management of diabetes in adolescents using insulin pumps in order to describe conditions contributing to the recommended disease control. Three methods of bolusing (normal, dual-wave and square-wave) in connection with pasta meals were tested in a crossover study among 15 adolescents with diabetes to assess whether one method was superior in managing glucose levels. A cross-sectional study among 90 adolescents being treated with CSII was conducted to investigate the management of CSII, including the administration of bolus doses. Two qualitative interview studies, based on the grounded theory method, were performed to gain insight into the processes involved in taking bolus doses and to investigate reasons for missed bolus doses and strategies for avoiding missing them. Twelve adolescents, four parents and one diabetes specialist nurse were interviewed. No method of bolusing was found to be superior in managing the glucose levels after these meals. The post-prandial glucose peaks were <10 mmol/L, in 48% of the cases, regardless of bolus methods. This indicates that adolescents can be encouraged to individually test which bolus method gives them the most normal post-prandial glucose levels. The cross-sectional study showed that adolescents were satisfied with CSII, but that 38% had missed more than 15% of the bolus doses the day under study. The frequency of bolus doses correlated with the disease control. Findings from the interview study revealed the need to clarify the responsibility for diabetes self-management in continuous negotiation between adolescents and parents to avoid insulin omission. The main reason for missed boluses was lost focus, and the strategies for remembering them were agreements involving reminders. The thesis describes that individual dose testing, clarification of responsibility and agreements involving reminders are conditions contributing to the recommended disease control. The thesis also describes that lost focus and a lack of responsibility can lead to insulin omission and be a hindrance to achieving disease control.Anna Kernell avled maj 2010.
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De, Waal Elda. "The educator-learner relationship within the South African public school system :|ban educational-juridical perspective / Elda de Waal." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8616.
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Harming the dignity of the learner; refusing to hear his side of the story; neglecting to
help him retrieve his stolen property : such are the unfortunate occurrences at many
South African schools, and such are the experiences that have led to this research.
Dedicated educators sometimes default, leaving their wronged learners out m the cold.
The questions are therefore: • What causes this conduct of educators and why does it recur? • Is it ignorance of their legal position? • Is it insensitivity to common law principles and statutory provisions? • Is it sheer carelessness? Mindful of the introduction of the South African Constitution Act 108 of 1996, wh1ch
contains the long-awaited Bill of Fundamental Rights, this study has been undertaken
to give an educational-juridical perspective of the educator-learner relationship 1n
South African public schools by means of a literature study and an elementary legal
comparative study.
Various legal terms which influence the educator-learner relationship significantly are
defined.
In conjunction with the private law status of the learner, the position of the learner
within the school system, and the fundamental rights of the learner in the context of
the administration of justice are identified and dealt with in so far as they have any
bearing on the educator-learner relationship,
Moreover, the legal determinants of the educator-learner relationship and the
educator's duty of care are pinpointed to determine their significance in an
accountable, responsive and open educator-learner relationship,
A comparative school law perspective of the sources of school law, the duties and
responsibilities of educators, the fundamental rights and legal obligations of the
learner, the educator's duty of care, discipline and legal liability in England and Wales,
Canada, Japan, and South Africa is presented in terms of similarities and differences,
Attention is paid to the necessity of informing educators and learners concerning their
respective rights and duties, in order to develop accountable, responsive and open
educator-learner relationships in South African schools,Thesis (Ph.D.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000
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Smidova, Eva. "Transgender Parent Differentiation: A Heuristic Phenomenological Study." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/50.
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Transgender individuals go through their intrapersonal differentiation between covert “I” (expressed gender) and overt “I” (assigned gender), often unnoticed by family members before their coming out. Consequently, their coming out rockets anxiety in the family system and the process of differentiation of transgender parents seem to go through its unique path to search for equilibrium. Recent social and clinical studies about transgender parents have paid attention to the experience and challenges of the gender transition process, social pressure, acceptance of transgender individuals in a parenting role, and readiness of families to cope with the transition of a parent (Bischof, Warnaar, Barajas, & Dhaliwal, 2011; Chung, 2016; Di Ceglie, 1998; Freedman, Tasker, & Di Ceglie, 2002; Haines, Ajayi, & Boyd, 2014; Hines, 2006; Theron & Collier, 2013; Veldorale-Griffin, 2014; White & Ettner, 2004, 2007). No research study has attempted to explore the essence of transgender parenting and the related self-differentiation process (Bowen, 1978; Kerr & Bowen, 1988). In this research, I intended to address this gap in knowledge by utilizing a heuristic phenomenological research design to explore the essence of parenting and self-differentiation of transgender parents. I used interviews with ten transgender parents, both females, and males, to embrace the elements of the lived experienced. The first conducted heuristic analysis revealed five emerging themes: Selfish Unselfishness: Becoming Me; Relationship with My Close Family: It is About Respect; Battle of Emotions: Do the Right Thing; Competence, Confidence, and Legacy: This Is How We Do It. Or Not; and Life Satisfaction: Welcome to My World. The second, qualitative data analysis, brought evidence of these qualities of self-differentiation: Balancing Individuality and Togetherness; Balancing Thoughts and Feelings; and Self-differentiation in the Expressed Gender.
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Zuckerman, Allana. "African American Parents' Socialization Around Racism in the Education System." 2014. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/psych_theses/124.
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African American youth experience individual and institutional level discrimination (e.g., Berkel et al., 2009; Jones, 1997). These experiences negatively impact their overall well-being (e.g., Harris-Britt et al., 2007; Wang & Huguley, 2012). African American parents use racial socialization to teach their children strategies to cope with racial discrimination (e.g., McAdoo, 2002; Peters, 1997). Given the positive impact of racial socialization on the negative outcomes associated with discrimination (e.g., Bynum et al., 2007), more work is needed to understand how contextual factors influence this process. The current study used qualitative methods to examine racial socialization in response to two levels of school-based discrimination. Directed content analysis was used on transcripts from ten focus groups of African American parents (N= 73). Results indicated that parents provided similar cultural socialization messages in response to both levels of discrimination whereas preparation for bias messages differed. Implications for preparing youth for school-based discrimination are discussed.
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Houltberg, Benjamin James. "Family system qualities, parenting behaviors, exposure to violence, and emotion regulation in low-income urban youth." 2010. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/Houltberg_okstate_0664D_10874.pdf.
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Yen, Pi-hui, and 顏碧慧. "An Ivestigation of the Effects of the Family System Training Pro -gram for Single-Parenting Effective." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64144252483976747614.
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碩士文化大學
兒童福利學系
82
During the Transition period﹐parent education model has become more multiple in order to meet the society requirement. The study based on Family System theory. According to the situation of single-parent,the researcher compiled the family system training program. The purpose of the study were to investigate the effects of the program on single-parent family. Twenty-four single mothers were randomly assigned into exper- imental, contrast and control group. ANCOVA were adopted to analyce data obtained from above scales. Furthermore,the indiv- idual analysis of the subjects were carried out to evaluate the effects of the training program. The major research findings were as follows: 1. In terms of mother-child relationships﹕the authoritative mother -child relationships revealed more significant differences among the experimental group﹐contrast group and control group. There were no significant differences on the loving mother-chilr relationships among the experimental group﹐contrast group and control group. 2. In terms of the way of the mother''s child-reaning and child'' satisfaction﹕there were significant differences on mother''s response and satisfaction between the experimental group and the control group. However﹐there were no significant differences on mother'' s demand and satisfaction among the experimental group, contrast group and control group. 3. According to the individual data,the research findings were﹕ Family system Training Program for Single-parenting Effect -ive had good influence on family rules,subsystem boundary,the awareness of mother''s role, the awareness adjustment of emotion, the skills of communication and problem-soloving. In conclusion,Family System Training Program revealed improve- ment on mother-child relation in single-parent family,mother''s child-rearing attitude and child satisfaction. In future﹐it will become a popular model in parent education.
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"Exploring Parenting Attitudes and Parental Risk of Child Maltreatment among Youth Aging Out of Arizona's Foster Care System." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.24854.
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abstract: There are a number of factors known to influence the occurrence of child maltreatment, including parental history of child maltreatment. Youth aging out of the foster care system have been shown to experience a number of challenges associated with the transition to adulthood, including early unintended pregnancy and parenting. However, despite the presumed risks associated with being in foster care and having a history of child maltreatment, very little research has been conducted to examine the parenting attitudes among youth aging out. This study explored the parenting attitudes and parental risk of child maltreatment among youth aging out of foster care in Arizona and examined the relationship between relational support and parenting. Foster youths' parenting attitudes and parental risk of child maltreatment across five constructs: parental expectations, parental empathic awareness of children's needs, beliefs regarding the use of corporal punishment, parent-child roles, and children's power and independence were assessed. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between youths' perceived social support from friends, family, and significant others and their parenting attitudes and youths' current living arrangements and their parenting attitudes. Findings indicate that youth had lower than the median normed sample scores on two out of the five parenting constructs, parental empathic awareness of children's needs and parent-child roles. Overall, 17% of youth in the sample were considered high risk of child maltreatment as parents, while 79% were considered medium risk. Perceived social support from friends was significantly associated with higher scores regarding youths' attitudes about the use of corporal punishment and children's power and independence. Youth living with foster parents had significantly higher scores than youth living on their own across three out of the five parenting attitude constructs. Youth living with relatives had higher scores than youth living on their own on the empathic awareness of children's needs parenting construct. Findings suggest that youth may rely on friends for social support and may develop more nurturing parenting attitudes if residing with foster parents or relatives. Implications for policy, intervention, and practice are discussed. Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Social Work 2014
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Fung, Kun-Wei, and 馮琨惟. "Exploring Parenting Experience and Resilience in Parents of Children with Autism from the Perspective of Ecological System Theory." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73577676063747329229.
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碩士亞洲大學
心理學系
103
The purpose of this study is to explore parenting experience and resilience in parents of children with autism from the perspective of ecological system theory. Purposive sampling was adopted in this qualitative research. Five parents were invited to participate in at least three individual in-depth interviews. A semi-structured interview guide was developed by the researcher to facilitate the interview process. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed. There were 12 themes emerged from participants’ parenting experience. They were: (1) awareness of the child’s exceptionaly; (2) negative interpersonal interaction with medical personnel; (3) negative interpersonal interaction with school teachers and students; (4) loss resulted from atypical parent-child interaction; (5) negative family interaction; (6) frustration over incomprehensive government policy; (7) loss of social support resulted from being misunderstood; (8) struggle between parental responsibility and work; (9) backfire from parent support group when it is too stressed to be other parents’ emotional dumpster; (10) limited accessibility and availability of resources resulted from regional differences; (11) loss of time and health; and (12) high child-rearing expenses. Under the framework of ecological system theory, protective factors to resilience in parents were described: (1) parent-child interactions and child rearing beliefs, worldview and personal characteristics, altruistism, advocacy, and meaning-making at the microsystem level; (2) self-empowerment and self-care, family support, and positive experiences from school at the mesosystem level; (3) the availability of medical and community resources at the exosystem level, and (4) government policy and education system at the macrosystem level. Based on research findings, further research as well as implications for professional practice is delineated.
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Costes, Therese. "Parenting the parent in a child welfare system : a systemic perspective with at risk to abuse multi-agency families." 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22388.
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Mugadza, Hilda T. "Migration and the child protection system in Australia : examining African migrants’ parenting practices and parental experiences of child protection intervention." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:59342.
Full textAbstract:
As international migration is increasing, scholars, policy-makers, institutions and practitioners who work with families are paying closer attention to the diverse parenting practices of migrant communities. For most Western nations such as Australia, child protection systems, usually established on individualistic principles, are in place to prevent child abuse and neglect by allowing children to live in safe, loving and supportive home environments. Often these objectives are governed by legal frameworks and monitored by the government (Australian Government, 2014, Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2016). Individualistic principles may be at odds with how migrants to Australia raise their children. Sub-Saharan African migrants represent a sub-set of migrants whose childrearing practices are grounded in collectivist worldviews and influenced by their cultural beliefs and values. This study focusses on sub-Saharan African migrant communities and the child protection system in Australia. It aims to explore and understand sub-Saharan African migrant childrearing practices and to what extent cultural beliefs, values, attitudes, practices, and migration experiences influence their parenting practices while settling in Australia. The study findings show how sub-Saharan African migrant parents negotiate the balance between finding ways to preserve their cultural values while parenting in a new culture. Some sub-Saharan African values and beliefs that shape childrearing practices were maintained, new dimensions were introduced, while others were rejected or resisted. The study found a need for an exhaustive appreciation by child protection practitioners of the influence that culture, migration and post-migration experiences have on sub-Saharan African migrant family functioning. To successfully make decisions that are in the best interest of sub-Saharan African migrant children that come to the attention of the child protection system, discussions about sub-Saharan African children can only yield good outcomes when the child’s socio-cultural environment is considered. Culture and migration experiences contribute to how sub-Saharan African migrant families engage with the child protection system. As such, while working with sub-Saharan African migrant families, service providers are required to be culturally competent and sensitive in order to successfully meet the needs of sub-Saharan African migrant children. This study provides evidence that will be useful for the development and implementation of culturally effective early intervention strategies within the Australia child protection system, particulary within the current era 2020, where there has been increased attention given to the response to race related issues due to the ‘Black Lives Matter’ movement and other global themes and trends pertaining to minority groups.
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Lin, Hui Ching, and 林慧菁. "An exploratory study on double-income family father and mother use communal nurse system service and its impact on parenting role." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38241594982509166951.
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碩士國立政治大學
社會工作研究所
100
Taiwan's female labor force participation rate increased year by year, the proportion of double-income family is gradually increased, however, still women in the care of the children in the family as the main force, through a comprehensive public childcare policy will contribute to equal gender division of labor. Taiwan since 2001 to promote Communal Nurse the System service, Child care management and child care fee allowance program offered since 2008, aims to double income families, parents can feel at ease to use the Family child care providers nursery service. The purpose of this study was to investigate fathers and mothers decided to use the family child care providers nursery service and the motives and considerations of selecting the family child care providers, as well as after the use of the family child care providers nursery service, the father and the mother is conscious awareness of fatherhood and Motherhood what impact. And through research results to provide Family child care providers and the Family child care providers nursery service managers Reference and assist in matching. This study is a qualitative research, nine pairs of parents of respondents through the Peng Wan-Ru Foundation located at Taipei. The way of interview in this study to separate researcher and the parents is for avoiding the interference from parents by marital power. Conclusion this study of nine points:1.Due to the family economy and at home elder cannot take care of children, seeking for a child care, and seeking for a child care “interpersonal channels” is the main way; 2. Parents generally value the Family child care providers’ license; 3.Select a family child care provider parents attach importance to child care sustained, meaning family child care providers can be long-term childcare; 4.Parents look forward to the family child care providers can take care other children so that children can learn social interaction; 5.Parents choose family child care providers focus on children feeling; 6.Parents use family child care providers of systems management service feel trust; 7.Family select the family child care providers leading on the views of "mother", and mother considerations is in greater detail; 8. Mother feeling guilt and deep feelings for the family child care provider service, but no father; 9.The family child care providers nursery service contribute to the parenting role to play. Finally, offer some points of the foundation’s role to host the Communal Nurse System service, family child care providers training courses and childcare policy recommendations.
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Tseng, Yi Li, and 曾伊麗. "Preliminary Study of Establishing the Drawing Figures Interpretation System of Kinetic-House-Tree-Person Drawing for Measuring the Parenting Attitude, Peer Relationship Capability and Depression Degree for Adolescents." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66257451403450812048.
Full textAbstract:
碩士玄奘大學
應用心理學系碩士班
98
The study is to explore the correlation between the figures in kinetic house tree person drawing (KHTP), parenting attitudes, peer relationship, and depression degree for adolescents. The samples are collect 29 Wen Xian junior high school students. To conduct the data form the Parenting Attitude Test, the High School Student Interpersonal Skills Scale, the Children and Adolescents Depression Scale, and the 250 figures of kinetic house tree person drawing. The following paragraphs are the result of the above-mentioned data were analyzed by means of Chi-Square Test, Pearson Correlation Test, and Point Biserial Correlation Analysis. 1. he result of the kinetic house tree person drawing could be the references in the relevant test or psychological diagnosis. 2. Different parenting attitudes of adolescents have a significant differences on the kinetic house tree person drawing test. 3. Different interpersonal skills of adolescents, have the significant differences on the kinetic house tree person drawing test. 4. Different depression degrees of adolescents, have the significant differences on the kinetic house tree person drawing test. 5. The strong correlation between the High School Student Interpersonal Skills Scale and the Children and Adolescents Depression Scale. 6. Refused and expected parenting attitudes have the strongest correlation with the interpersonal relationships, and depression degrees. 7. The interpersonal relationships distress level, interpersonal cognitive ability, taking interpersonal need ability have the stronger correlation with depression degrees. 8. Only a dependency status, "stand in the trunk", appear in this study about the "dependency" and "need" in KHTP. It may mean the samples who had a few of situations of depending on house, which means survive, and tree, which means protection. On the "need", in this study there are two figures, which are the sun and the lake. 9. The Regression Formula of using the figures of KHTP to predict the applicable level of parenting attitudes. The order of the figures into the Regression Formula as "omitted chimney", "hair and the sky", "the distance between man and the tree (near)", "head is bigger the upper body", " House with a large proportion of paper, "" the pen color of house is light ". The total amount of variance is 100%. 10. The Regression Formula of using the figures of KHTP to predict the peer relationship capability. The order of the figures into the Regression Formula as "a house in the picture on the right" and "man in the middle of the screen," "finger tip", " The pen color of tree is light"," rough neck "," small eyes / only one line "," house painting brush strokes to repeat, "" standing tree trunks ". The total amount of variance is 100%. 11. The Regression Formula of using the figures of KHTP to predict the Depression Degree. The order of the figures into the Regression Formula as "the shape of slender chimney," "people in the picture on the right," "small eyes / only one line," "tree with a very large proportion of paper ". The total amount of variance is 99.9%.
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Freeze, Mervyn Kevin. "Parental style as precursor of conduct disorders." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7632.
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M.A.Conduct disorder is one of the most frequently diagnosed childhood disorders. The prevalence of this disorder has increased over the past few decades, which has ramifications for many facets of society, such as with families, justice systems, institutions involved with the rehabilitation of these children, and society as a whole. Conduct disorder has been found to be stable over time, and is therefore often associated with problems later in life such as violent crime, alcoholism, marital discord, and antisocial personality disorder. There have been many theories advanced for the aetiology of conduct disorder, but it is generally a bio-psychosocial model, rather than a single theory that receives the most attention when considering the development of this disorder. Included within such a model are variables such as a genetic component, neuropsychological factor, comorbid factor, socio-economic element, and a social learning component, that are involved with the development and maintenance of conduct disorder. One of the most consistently researched aspects involved within such models proposed for the aetiology of conduct disorder has been the role that certain parental styles have in the development of conduct disorder. Parental styles and the home environment have been consistently found to be a precursor of conduct disorder in foreign studies, however there is a lack of research within a South African context in this area. In order to establish whether there are specific styles of parenting related to conduct disorder in a South African sample, two measuring instruments were utilised, which were the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and the Family Environment Scale (FES). The PBI and FES were administered to two groups of adolescents (n=80): one group of males (n=40) diagnosed with conduct disorder, and one group of males (n=40) without a diagnosis of conduct disorder. These instruments were used in order to establish if there were any differences in the perceived style of parenting between the two groups. The study yielded results that are similar to those found in foreign based studies. It was found with the South African sample, that a parenting style characterised by a low amount of care on the part of the mother, and overprotection on the part of the father was found within the conduct disorder group. Together these form a Parenting style of `affectionless control'. These parents were found to exert a high amount of control over their children, have a low expressiveness of emotions and feelings, have a low involvement with their children, and were poor at supervising and monitoring their children. These results indicate that parental styles could be a precursor of conduct disorder within a South African context. The implications of these results are discussed as well as the limitations of the study. Recommendations for future research and possible applications of the results are delineated.
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Henry, Roxanne. "The association between perceived parenting styles and adolescent substance use." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2932_1299150366.
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Using the literature on Baumrind&rsquo
s theory of Parenting Styles and how perceptions of these are associated to adolescent at-risk behaviour, this study set out to examine whether any parenting style increased or decreased adolescent substance use. The central aim of this study was to examine the association between perceived parenting styles and adolescent substance use. To further this, 239 grade 10 and 11 adolescent participants were drawn from 3 schools in Mitchell&rsquo
s Plain, a suburb in the Western Cape (with permission granted from the Education Department). This particular suburb was chosen due to the high rates of substance use and substance related crime within the area. A quantitative research design was implemented within this study. The participants were required to complete the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), a questionnaire aimed at measuring drug use, and the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), aimed at measuring perceived parenting styles and a Biographical Questionnaire to provide additional information. Informed consent was obtained and the confidentiality of the schools and participants were protected. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, a data analysis programme available at the University of the Western Cape. Results show that substance use reduction was significantly related to a perceived authoritative parenting style. However, no significant relationships could be found between perceived permissive and authoritarian parenting style. Significant difference was found in the results obtained for male and female adolescents, with males generally appearing to use more substances. It can be concluded that perceived authoritative parenting styles have an important role to play in the prevention of adolescent substance abuse
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Little, Gina. "They didn’t listen, they just didn’t listen: a study linking coercive control to alienation and systems abuse in post-separation co-parenting relationships." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1417117.
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Bachelor Honours - Bachelor of Social Science (Honours)Abstract: Through qualitative interviews this thesis draws on the lived experiences of 6 parents; 3 men and 3 women post-separation between 40-65, to understand their co-parenting experiences in relationship to alienation, interpersonal manipulation and systems manipulation. All participants who took part either have been, or are currently, co-parenting with the partner of their child/children. Of the participants that were interviewed, three of the six had experienced complicated dynamics prior to separation. This research enquires about how they negotiated their relationships with their ex-partner and child/children post-separation. Two contemporary issues addressed are the use of coercive control in personal relationships between ex-partners and their children and coercive control in systems and institutions. Coercive control in personal relationships uncovered the subtle control of one parent over the other by cleverly using whatever tools or tactics were available, including manipulating systems, disabling the other parent’s ability to parent effectively and withholding information causing alienation. The use of coercive control in systems and institutions was also evident, ranging from phenomena such as gender bias, manipulation, emotional and financial pressures, to a lack of system connectivity putting parents and children at risk through systems abuse. The Australian Law Reform Commission has taken steps towards improving family law systems, however, have only addressed system oversites in part. From the stories shared in this thesis it would appear that greater information connectivity between government and private agencies could possibly create a safer systems approach for future victims (The Australian Law Reform commission, 2019). From a theoretical standpoint this research has been viewed through the lens of two theories. Firstly, Attachment Theory, then secondly, Bowen’s Family Systems Theory (Systems Theory). These theories have been chosen to enhance understanding of possible implications that arise through the presence of coercive control which can affect co-parenting outcomes (Lowenstein, 2010).
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"Family Systems in the Context of Child Risk: An Observational Analysis." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14501.
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abstract: Family plays an important yet understudied role in the development of psychopathology during childhood, particularly for children at developmental risk. Indeed, much of the research on families has actually concentrated more on risk processes in individual family members or within-family subsystems. In general, important and complex associations have been found among family-related constructs such as marital conflict, parent-child relationships, parental depression, and parenting stress, which have in turn been found to contribute to the emergence of children's behavioral problems. Research has begun to emerge that certain family system constructs, such as cohesion, organization, and control may influence children's development, but this research has been limited by a focus on parent-reports of family functioning, rather than utilizing observational methods. With notable exceptions, there is almost no observational research examining families of children at developmental risk. This study examined the longitudinal relations among family risk and family system constructs, as well as how family systems constructs mediated the relations between family risk and child outcome. Further, the study examined how developmental risk moderated these relations. The sample followed 242 families of children with and without developmental risk across the transition-to-school period. Family risk factors were assessed at 5 years, using parental reports of symptomatology, parenting stress, and marital adjustment, and observational assessments of the parent-child relationship. Family system constructs (cohesion, warmth, conflict, organization, control) were measured at age 6 using structured observations of the entire family playing a board game. Child behavior problems and social competence were assessed at age 7. Results indicated that families of children with developmental delays did not differ from families of typically developing children on the majority of family system attributes. Cohesion and organization mediated the relations between specific family risk factors and social competence for all families. For families of typically developing children only, higher levels of control were associated with more behavior problems and less social competence. These findings underscore the importance of family-level assessment in understanding the development of psychopathology. Important family effects on children's social competence were found, although the pathways among family risk and family systems attributes are complex.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Psychology 2012
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LIU, TZU-MAIO, and 劉姿妙. "An Effective Study of Ecological Support-Systems on the Parenting Efficiency to the Mothers of Young Children with Developmental Delays in Taichang City." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98248465888219344941.
Full textAbstract:
碩士稻江科技暨管理學院
幼兒教育學系碩士班
105
In order to understand the impact of ecological support system on the parenting ability of the mother of a young child with developmental delays, this study took the self-designed “Parenting Ability Questionnaire” and the standardized test tool, “Parenting Stress Index” (PSI, revised by Yuxiu Weng, 2016) as the study tool, taking the 8 administrative districts of Old Taichung City (a total of 228 private preschool in Central District, East District, West District, South District, North District, Xitun District, Nantun District and Beitun District) as the study field; then, by random sampling, 4 districts (West District, South District, North District and Beitun District) were chosen in the Early Childhood Educare Website, a total of 116 accredited and registered private preschools as population; finally, by equivalent convenience sampling, 5 private preschools from each district were chosen, totally 20 private preschools. 1 mother was chosen from each preschool, totally 20 mothers of young children with developmental delays as the object of study to carry out a questionnaire survey. Among them, the independent variable referred to the support system obtained by the 20 mothers, including the Support System (1) development of the young children, support of family members to the young children, education and medical rehabilitation resources obtained by the young child, and the Support System (2) the mother’s age, education level, occupation, place of birth, rearing attitude, stressor and the departmental support system; the dependent variable referred to the parenting ability. This study was to discuss the impact of ecological support system on the parenting ability and parenting stress of the 20 mothers of young children with developmental delays in Taichung. The study results showed that: (1) in the 20 mothers, 4 mothers’ parenting stress was too high, accounting for 25% of the subjects; (2) in the 20 mothers, 2 mothers’ parenting stress was below the normal range; (3) the parenting stress of 75% of the subjects originated from young children caring and parenting issues; (4) besides that the development of young children’ emotional behavior was positively related to mother’s age, different variables did not show any correlation with the young children’ development in different fields; (5) the intervention of ecological support system affected the parenting ability of the mother of a young child with developmental delays. Subject to the number of samples studied, it is worthwhile to investigate whether the results can be inferred the population. In conclusion, it is suggested that the government and education, health care, social administration and other units should strengthen the cooperation between various support systems, provide diversified, individualized and family-mode early intervention services, and offer the courses about parenting education to parents to support the parenting ability of the mothers of young children with developmental delays.
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Ramjatan, Netisha. "Effects of sibling parenting on orphaned and vulnerable children in the role of parents." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19955.
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Children heading their households are not a new phenomenon in South Africa. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been the number one cause behind the emergence of many child-headed households in sub-Saharan Africa. This qualitative research inquiry was guided by an interpretivist epistemology. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory was used as the theoretical framework that guided this study. A case study design was used with un-structured interviews being the primary method of data collection. Participatory task-based methods in the form of metaphors and story writing, informal observations, questionnaires and field notes augmented the data generation process. Purposive sampling procedures were used and two participants were chosen for this study. Thematic analysis of data generated the themes and sub-themes which provided insight into the lives of children in the role of parents. Findings of this study reveal that orphaned and vulnerable children in the role of parents have the task of taking care of their siblings by providing food, washing their clothes, sending them to school and helping with their homework. They also have the added task of making decisions in the home and providing parental guidance to their younger siblings in the absence of their parents. Children in this study also experienced poverty and faced stigma and discrimination from relatives, peers, neighbors and members in the communityEducational Studies
M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)
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Combrinck, Candice. "Experiences of professionals in drafting and implementing parenting plans in high-conflict separation and divorce matters in South Africa." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14317.
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This study focused on the experiences of professionals in drafting and implementing parenting plans with high-conflict separating and divorcing families in the South African context. The primary aim of the study was to explore the participants’ personal and professional experiences through an in-depth and sensitive inquiry. The data was collected from five participants using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of this study indicate that professionals experience various challenges when working with high-conflict separating and divorcing families. The participants also shared their perceptions regarding parenting plans. Further research on the challenges specific to drafting and implementing parenting plans with high-conflict separating and divorcing families in the South African context is recommendedPsychology
M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
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Oliveira, Ricardo Jorge dos Santos Ferreira de Brito. "Corporate strategy : a case study of practices in portuguese business groups." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/28567.
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Corporate Strategy practices have historically been undermined and were until more recently considered irrelevant to the success of business-level strategy. With this work, we propose a new framework – and process of thinking – that we believe senior-level corporate managers should use when approaching Corporate-Level Strategy. This framework will shed light on how the Corporate Strategy practices popularized by Michael E. Porter (“Where to compete”, “How to manage our portfolio”) interconnect with the Parenting Advantages and Parenting Value Creation and how the management systems aid on translating words into actions, controlling the performance of the portfolio, and how the external environment can pressure the holding into adopting different Corporate-Level Strategies. We will apply our proposed framework into two publicly-listed companies (Sonae Capital, Corticeira Amorim), and will examine how each company has been approaching their Corporate-Level Strategy and its interconnections. In a second phase, we will make use of qualitative information, obtained via questionnaire, of 19 companies to which we added their financial information – last 7 years average variations in: turnover; net income; total assets; total liabilities; total equity; EBITDA margins; ROCE. We will make use of descriptive statistics and try and demonstrate the relations between the answers provided and their financial information.
With this study we hope to encourage further students into: adopting and applying our framework into different companies – possibly international; use the type of study conducted in the questionnaire into a research that includes more companies and the extraction of even more financial information – with the hypothesis of developing an econometric model that helps measure the impacts of Corporate Strategy and its interconnections in the financial information.As práticas de Estratégia Corporativa têm sido historicamente prejudicadas e, até recentemente, eram consideradas irrelevantes para o sucesso da estratégia ao nível de negócio. Com o presente trabalho, propomos uma nova framework - e um novo processo de pensamento - que acreditamos que os gestores corporativos, ao nível sénior, deveriam usar quando abordam a Estratégia Corporativa. Esta framework lançará alguma luz sobre o modo como as práticas da Estratégia Corporativa, popularizadas por Michael E. Porter (“Onde competir”, “Como gerir o nosso portfólio”) se interconectam com as vantagens Parentais e Criação de Valor Parental e como os sistemas de gestão ajudam na tradução de palavras em ações, controlando o desempenho do portfólio, e como o ambiente externo pode pressionar a holding a modificar a estratégia corporativa. Aplicaremos a nossa framework proposta em duas empresas cotadas em bolsa (Sonae Capital, Corticeira Amorim) e analisaremos a forma como cada empresa tem abordado a sua Estratégia Corporativa e as suas interligações. Numa segunda fase, faremos uso de informação qualitativa, obtida através de questionário, de 19 empresas às quais adicionámos informação financeira. Faremos uma análise à nossa amostra onde tentaremos demonstrar as relações entre as respostas fornecidas e os seus resultados. Com este estudo, esperamos encorajar mais estudantes a: adotar e aplicar nossa estrutura em diferentes empresas - possivelmente internacionais; usar o tipo de estudo realizado no questionário e efetuar uma pesquisa que inclua mais empresas e a extração de ainda mais informação financeira - com a hipótese de desenvolver um modelo econométrico que ajude a medir os impactos da Estratégia Corporativa e as suas interconexões nos resultados financeiros.
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Lawrence, Breanna Catherine. "An ecological mixed methods study of youth with learning disabilities: exploring personal and familial influences on mental health." Thesis, 2018. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9964.
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There is a notable overlap and co-occurrence of mental health and learning challenges among school-aged youth. Existing research highlights associations between learning disabilities (LD) and mental health problems; however, there has been little exploration of additional variables, such as familial influences, that represent multiple levels of influence (Cen & Aytac, 2016). From a developmental relational systems framework (Overton, 2015), advancing the understanding of familial influences on youth development is crucial. Using a mixed methods design, the present study examined the influences of parent depression, parenting behaviours, family functioning, and youth social and emotional competencies on symptoms of anxiety and depression among youth with LD. Addressing two hypotheses, the quantitative Study 1 aimed to identify factors associated with mediating effects on internalized distress in 14- and 15-year-old youth with LD using secondary analysis of a cross-sectional national sample of youth and their parents. Youth social and emotional competencies and parental monitoring were found to be the most significant buffering influences in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. The qualitative Study 2 built on the results from Study 1, to expand the quantitative findings. In Study 2, youth at the end of middle school and their parents were interviewed to gain deeper understanding about the experiences of co-occurring LD and mental health problems from a family perspective. Data analysis identified youth fatigue, youth self-efficacy, and family relationships as central themes related to the challenges youth and their families experienced. Integrating the findings of the two studies illustrated the complex psychological, social, and educational implications for youth with LD in a family context. The interplay of factors embedded in the relation between the LD and mental health problems underscores this complexity, suggesting the relation cannot be completely understood without considering the multiple levels of influences. Implications for theory, research, and practice are described with an emphasis on ecological approaches and building school-family relationships.Graduate