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Journal articles on the topic 'Parental separation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Margareta, Widarsson, Nohlert Eva, Öhrvik John, and Kerstis Birgitta. "Parental stress and depressive symptoms increase the risk of separation among parents with children less than 11 years of age in Sweden." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, no. 2 (August 12, 2017): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817724312.

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Aims: Parental separations have become more frequent in recent decades. In Western countries, about 25% of children experience parental separation. There is a need to explore the risk factors for separation to give children an optimal childhood. The objective of the present study was to examine parental stress and depressive symptoms during early parenthood and their association with parental separation. Methods: Four hundred and seven couples completed questionnaires on depressive symptoms for 3 months and parental stress for 18 months after childbirth. Total parental stress and five sub-areas were investigated. To study the separation rate, parents’ addresses were recorded 9 to 11 years after childbirth. Results: Twenty-nine percent of the parents were separated 9 to 11 years after childbirth. Separation was associated with depressive symptoms at 3 months (mothers p = .002, fathers p = .025) and total parental stress at 18 months after childbirth (mothers p = .010, fathers p = .005). The sub-areas of parental stress, Spouse relationship problems (mothers p = <.001, fathers p = .001) and fathers’ Social isolation ( p = .005), were associated with separation. In multivariable regression analyses of the parents’ separation rate 9 to 11 years after childbirth, the only significant predictor was mothers’ Spouse relationship problems ( p < .001). Conclusions: The knowledge that parental stress and depressive symptoms are risk factors for separation may simplify professional support for parents in early parenting. Courses for new and expectant parents can use this knowledge to increase parents’ awareness.

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2

Taylor, Nicola. "Relocation following parental separation." Children Australia 35, no. 4 (2010): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000122x.

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Each year many families relocate to live in new places, but disputes will not usually arise over this when the family is intact because the two parents, and perhaps the children, will reach the decision about shifting together. Nevertheless the move will mean these children are likely to experience the loss of familiar surroundings and close friendships, need to change (pre)schools and start afresh with many aspects of their lives. It is when the parents are already living apart that a proposed relocation by one of them might mean the Courts are called upon to examine the interests at stake and determine the outcome. Relocation in this context has particular poignancy for the children involved because, if their parent's application to relocate is approved by the Court, this might marginalise the role of their other parent in their life.It is not, of course, uncommon for separated parents to have to move in the aftermath of their relationship breakdown as they re-establish themselves in separate households and negotiate their children's care and contact arrangements. However, when the proposed relocation by the resident parent involves moving such a distance from the non-resident parent that contact visits become problematic, then the potential for a major dispute exists. This is particularly so when there has been a pattern of frequent contact and the non-resident parent refuses to acquiesce in the move. While these cases can be very difficult to resolve by agreement, some separated parents are able to negotiate the relocation without seeking recourse to the legal system.

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Tanuku, Purnima. "Dealing with parental separation." Early Years Educator 11, no. 7 (November 2009): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2009.11.7.44681.

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4

Browne, Oakley M. A., P. R. Joyce, J. E. Wells, J. A. Bushnell, and A. R. Hornblow. "Disruptions in Childhood Parental Care as Risk Factors for Major Depression in Adult Women." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 29, no. 3 (September 1995): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679509064952.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of different types of disruptions in childhood parental care before the age of 15 years as risk factors for major depression in women aged 18 to 44 years. The types of disruptions studied were parental death, parental separation or divorce, other types of loss (i.e. adoption, foster-care, etc.), and prolonged separation from both parents. Potential confounding factors were also examined. Method: The data were obtained from a community probability sample. Case-ness was determined by the use of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and both the current (one month) and lifetime prevalence periods were considered. Logistic regression was used to model the influence of each factor, singly and adjusted for the influence of other factors, on the risk for major depression. Results: It was found that in this population 17% had experienced some type of parental loss (parental death 4%, separations/divorce 10% and other types of loss 3%) and 11% had experienced prolonged separation from both parents. Parental loss was significantly associated with lifetime depression, but this effect was no longer significant when adjusted for other factors. However, prolonged separation from both parents was associated with an increased risk of current and lifetime depressive episodes of approximately three to fourfold, even when the risk was adjusted for other factors. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that prolonged separation from both parents has a stronger association with current or lifetime depression in women than do parental death, separation/divorce and other types of loss. Prolonged separation may be a marker for other risk factors and may not be a risk factor on its own.

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5

Manzoni, Anna, and Sergi Vidal. "Parental separation and intergenerational support." Journal of Family Research 35 (January 9, 2023): 124–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-809.

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Objective: We investigate support between parents and adult children across families exposed and not exposed to parental separation in Germany, by examining multiple types of support (i.e. emotional, material, and instrumental), both directions of provision (i.e. giving and receiving), and exchanges with mothers and fathers. Background: As parental separation may have implications for parent-child relationships and exchanges, with consequences for individuals' wellbeing, improving our understanding of the association between separation and support exchanges becomes paramount. Method: Using data from the German Family Panel (pairfam, 2009-2016, N=4,340 respondents and 13,481 observations), we estimate a range of support exchanges between parents and children simultaneously using generalized linear regression models with correlated random terms across equations. Additionally, we assess whether these associations vary by the timing at which parental separation occurred and social background. Results: Parental separation is negatively associated with support between parents and children, especially for fathers. However, no significant differences emerge between mothers who separated and mothers who did not in receiving material support from their children. The negative associations between parental separation and support between child and fathers are lower if parental separation occurs when the child is an adult. Further, when mothers are highly educated, separation has a less negative association with downward material support. Conclusion: Overall, lower intergenerational assistance among families experiencing separation suggests increasing disadvantage for those already disadvantaged.

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6

de Souza, Walber Gonçalves, Jusselma Machado Mercês Oliveira, Wanessa Soares Luiz Silva, Cezar Patez de Oliveira, Rutheneia Alves de Santana, Marcos Bolsonello Barcellos, and Daniel Rodrigues Silva. "Parental Experience after Separation / Divorce." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 8, no. 3 (2021): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.83.30.

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7

KENDLER, K. S., K. SHETH, C. O. GARDNER, and C. A. PRESCOTT. "Childhood parental loss and risk for first-onset of major depression and alcohol dependence: the time-decay of risk and sex differences." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 7 (October 2002): 1187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702006219.

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Background. Whereas a number of studies have suggested that parental loss is associated with increased risk for major depression (MD), much less is known about possible gender differences, diagnostic specificity and the time course of the impact of loss.Method. First-onsets for MD and alcohol dependence (AD) were assessed at personal interviews in 5070 twins from same-sex (SS) and 2118 from opposite-sex (OS) twin pairs ascertained from a population-based registry. Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) and Non-Proportional Hazard (NPH) models, examining first onsets of MD and AD, were used with twins from SS pairs and conditional logistic regression for OS pairs. Parent–child separations prior to age 17 were divided into death and separation from other causes.Results. The PH assumptions of constant increased risk were rejected for the impact of loss on risk for MD but not for AD. NPH models found significantly increased risk for MD after both death and separation with the risk lasting much longer for separations. For AD, the PH model found significantly increased risk after parental separation but not death. In both SS and OS twin pairs, no sex differences were seen in the impact of parental loss on risk for MD whereas the association between separation and risk for AD was significantly stronger in females than in males.Conclusion. Consistent sex differences in the association with parental loss were seen for AD but not MD. The analysis of the time-course of increased risk after loss suggests three different patterns which may reflect different relationships: parental death and MD (return to baseline within ∼12 years), separation and MD (return to baseline within ∼30 years) and separation and AD (no change in risk over time).

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Waldron, Mary, Kelly A. Doran, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Alexis E. Duncan, Michael T. Lynskey, Pamela A. F. Madden, Carolyn E. Sartor, and Andrew C. Heath. "Parental Separation, Parental Alcoholism, and Timing of First Sexual Intercourse." Journal of Adolescent Health 56, no. 5 (May 2015): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.011.

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9

Moon, Michelle H. "PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIPS AFTER PARENTAL SEPARATION:." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 9, no. 1 (October 5, 2014): 1787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v9i1.3775.

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Research with adult children of divorce (ACD) has contributed to literature suggesting the adverse long-term effects of parental separation and divorce. The role of the parent-child relationship following parental separation, when a parents availability and support might well be especially important for a child, particularly if there is ongoing parental conflict, has received little empirical attention and was examined here.The present investigation was designed to assess ACDs retrospective ratings of their mothersand fathers parenting in the two years following parental separation. ACDs reports of each of their parents dating behaviors as well as the conflict they remembered between their parents during this period were also examined.The results of the present investigation indicate that ACD view their mothers and fathers parenting behavior in the two years following separation as an important factor related to their current relationships with each of their parents.

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10

Hogan, Diane M., Ann Marie Halpenny, and Sheila Greene. "Change and Continuity after Parental Separation." Childhood 10, no. 2 (May 2003): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568203010002004.

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11

Roy, Alec. "Early Parental Separation and Adult Depression." Archives of General Psychiatry 42, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790330067008.

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12

Feldhaus, Michael, and Valerie Heintz-Martin. "Long-term effects of parental separation." Advances in Life Course Research 26 (December 2015): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2015.07.003.

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13

Brown, Thea, Danielle Tyson, and Paula Fernandez Arias. "Filicide and Parental Separation and Divorce." Child Abuse Review 23, no. 2 (March 2014): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/car.2327.

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14

Paksarian, D., W. W. Eaton, P. B. Mortensen, K. R. Merikangas, and C. B. Pedersen. "A population-based study of the risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder associated with parent–child separation during development." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 13 (May 8, 2015): 2825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715000781.

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BackgroundThere is growing interest in the role of childhood adversities, including parental death and separation, in the etiology of psychotic disorders. However, few studies have used prospectively collected data to specifically investigate parental separation across development, or assessed the importance of duration of separation, and family characteristics.MethodWe measured three types of separation not due to death: maternal, paternal, and from both parents, across the ages of 1–15 years among a cohort of 985 058 individuals born in Denmark 1971–1991 and followed to 2011. Associations with narrowly and broadly defined schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the psychiatric register were assessed in terms of separation occurrence, age of separation, and number of years separated. Interactions with parental history of mental disorder were assessed.ResultsEach type of separation was associated with all three outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, birth period, calendar year, family history of mental disorder, urbanicity at birth and parental age. Number of years of paternal separation was positively associated with both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Associations between separation from both parents and schizophrenia were stronger when separation occurred at later ages, while those with bipolar disorder remained stable across development. The first occurrence of paternal separation appeared to increase risk more when it occurred earlier in childhood. Associations differed according to parental history of mental disorder, although in no situation was separation protective.ConclusionsEffects of parental separation may differ by type, developmental timing and family characteristics. These findings highlight the importance of considering such factors in studies of childhood adversity.

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15

Nusinovici, Simon, Bertrand Olliac, Cyril Flamant, Jean-Baptiste Müller, Marion Olivier, Valérie Rouger, Géraldine Gascoin, et al. "Impact of preterm birth on parental separation: a French population-based longitudinal study." BMJ Open 7, no. 11 (November 2017): e017845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017845.

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ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate both the effects of low gestational age and infant’s neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age on the risk of parental separation within 7 years of giving birth.DesignProspective.Setting24 maternity clinics in the Pays-de-la-Loire region.ParticipantsThis study included 5732 infants delivered at <35 weeks of gestation born between 2005 and 2013 who were enrolled in the population-based Loire Infant Follow-up Team cohort and who had a neurodevelopmental evaluation at 2 years. This neurodevelopmental evaluation was based on a physical examination, a psychomotor evaluation and a parent-completed questionnaire.Outcome measureRisk of parental separation (parents living together or parents living separately).ResultsTen percent (572/5732) of the parents reported having undergone separation during the follow-up period. A mediation analysis showed that low gestational age had no direct effect on the risk of parental separation. Moreover, a non-optimal neurodevelopment at 2 years was associated with an increased risk of parental separation corresponding to a HR=1.49(1.23 to 1.80). Finally, the increased risk of parental separation was aggravated by low socioeconomic conditions.ConclusionsThe effect of low gestational age on the risk of parental separation was mediated by the infant’s neurodevelopment.

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Nazarova, A. E., Zh K. Manarbekova, and M. P. Kabakova. "THE PROBLEM OF SEPARATION OF STUDENTS FROM THE PARENTAL FAMILY." BULLETIN Series Psychology 65, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7847.27.

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The article presents a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of separation, reveals the struc-ture, types, and styles, and describes the process of separating young people from the parental family. Since young people, in particular, students must adapt tothe new standards of education, the requirements of the labor market, and the rhythm of life in general. And one of the main character traits in demand today is independence. This also implies separation from the parental family for the formation of self-reliance in a person, the habit of taking responsibility for their decisions. The process of separating a personality, however, does not always pass easily and painlessly due to the influence of many factors. This phenomenon and its features are well covered in foreign, more often Western, and Russian studies. Also, the topic of separation of student youth was touched upon by Russian psychologists in the framework of dissertations and scientific articles in various disciplines. In domestic science, unfortunately, the issue was practically not considered. Based on this, we carried out an analysis of various sources on the issue of psychological separation of adolescents, which allowed us to build our own research on this topic. The results of the theoretical analysis of the special literature showed that the parental family retains its significance to this day. In particular, emotional closeness, trusting relationships within the family, and parents' acceptance of the fact that children are growing up are factors in the painless transition of young people to autonomy. The empirical part of the article provides data from our own survey of 256 undergraduate students of Kazakhstani universities, conducted in November 2020. The results showed a high percentage of successful relationships with the parental family in a sample of Kazakhstani students: in most cases, the psychological distance is comfortable, and the personal boundaries and opinions of respondents are respected.

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Jensen-Hart, Staci J., Jeff Christensen, Lacey Dutka, and J. Corey Leishman. "Child Parent Relationship Training (CPRT): Enhancing Parent-child Relationships for Military Families." Advances in Social Work 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2012): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/1881.

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Military families experience increased stress when facing issues of deployment, separation, and reunification. The increased stress impacts the parent-child relationship as well as child behavioral and emotional well-being. Although recognizing the resiliency of military families, research points to the need to monitor parental stress both pre- and post-deployment and highlights the inherent risks that separation and reunification pose for the parent-child relationship bond. This pilot study was designed to explore the effectiveness of the Child Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) Training Model as a proactive method of enhancing parent-child relationships, reducing parental stress, and preventing negative impact of military separations on children.

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Gahan, Luke. "Separated Same-Sex Parents: Troubling the Same-Sex Parented Family." Sociological Research Online 23, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780418754699.

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Same-sex parented family research and academic literature has focused primarily on intact families and/or those created after a heterosexual divorce–their family models, methods of family creation and the fertility process, and the health and well-being of their children. Similarly, separation and divorce research and academic literature has focused primarily on opposite-sex parented families. To date, limited research has explored the experiences of same-sex parents who separated after having children within their relationship. This article reports on findings from a qualitative study of semi-structured in-depth interviews with 22 same-sex parents in Australia who had experienced parental separation and aims to contribute to a new phase of same-sex relationship and parenting research that explores divorce and separation. Participants were acutely aware that their separation and post-separation families troubled the social expectations and mores of the same-sex parented family by appearing to break unwritten rules, threatening to disrupt campaigns for social and political acceptance, and falling off an apparent pedestal that their families and relationships had been placed on. Separated same-sex parents were also concerned that their families would disrupt efforts to achieve social and political acceptance–and this created challenges with recruitment and interviewing techniques with male participants in particular. This article will demonstrate the pressure for same-sex parents to present an idyllic image of family. It will also discuss how, as a consequence of being seen as troubling, same-sex parental separation created experiences of isolation and invisibility for parents during and after their separation.

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Lindström, Martin, and Maria Rosvall. "Parental separation/divorce in childhood and tobacco smoking in adulthood: A population-based study." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 6 (May 9, 2019): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494819846724.

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Aims: The aim was to investigate associations between the experience of parental separation/divorce in childhood and tobacco smoking in adulthood, adjusting for economic stress in childhood and adulthood and psychological health (General Health Questionnaire GHQ12). Methods: The 2012 public-health survey in Skåne, southern Sweden, is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire population-based study with 28,029 participants aged 18–80 (51.7% response rate). Associations between parental separation/divorce in childhood and tobacco smoking were investigated in multiple logistic regression models, with adjustments for economic stress in childhood and adulthood and psychological health. Results: A 17.6% weighted prevalence of men and 17.1% of women reported tobacco smoking. Significantly higher odds ratios of tobacco smoking were observed for men who had experienced parental separation/divorce in childhood at ages 0–4, 5–9 and 15–18 years and for women with this experience in childhood at ages 0–4, 5–9, 10–14 and 15–18 years, even after inclusion of economic stress in childhood in the final multiple models. No effect modification was observed for parental separation and psychological health and for parental separation and economic stress in childhood with regard to smoking. Conclusions: Experience of parental separation/divorce in childhood was significantly associated with tobacco smoking in adulthood for both sexes. There seems to be no specific critical period.

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FERGUSSON, DAVID M., L. JOHN HORWOOD, and MICHAEL T. LYNSKEY. "Parental Separation, Adolescent Psychopathology, and Problem Behaviors." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 33, no. 8 (October 1994): 1122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199410000-00008.

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Lee, Catherine M., and Karen A. Bax. "Children's reactions to parental separation and divorce." Paediatrics & Child Health 5, no. 4 (May 1, 2000): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/5.4.217.

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Healy, Joseph M., Janet E. Malley, and Abigail J. Stewart. "Children and their fathers after parental separation." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 60, no. 4 (1990): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079201.

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Honess, Terry M., and Elizabeth A. Charman. "Adolescent adjustment, social systems and parental separation." European Journal of Psychology of Education 13, no. 4 (December 1998): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03173105.

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Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Jennifer, and Martin Rohling. "Negative Family-of-Origin Experiences: Are They Associated With Perpetrating Unwanted Pursuit Behaviors?" Violence and Victims 15, no. 4 (January 2000): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.4.459.

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Parental divorce, history of parental relationship separation, perceptions of interparental conflict, and witnessing parental violence were retrospectively assessed in a sample of 213 college students from several regions in the United States, all of whom had suffered an unwanted break-up of an important romantic relationship. This study investigated whether these family-of-origin experiences were associated with perpetrating unwanted pursuit behaviors after the relationship break-up. Results indicated that male participants who had experienced either parental divorce or separation perpetrated more severe unwanted pursuit behavior than males who had not experienced parental divorce or separation or females from either divorced, separated, or intact families. For females, severe unwanted pursuit behavior perpetration was correlated with threatening and intense parental arguments. These findings suggest that a variety of types of negative parental relationship behavior may be risk factors for perpetrating severe unwanted pursuit behaviors. The gender-specificity and implications of these findings are discussed.

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Murray, Joseph, and David P. Farrington. "Parental imprisonment: Long-lasting effects on boys' internalizing problems through the life course." Development and Psychopathology 20, no. 1 (2008): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579408000138.

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AbstractQualitative studies suggest that children react to parental imprisonment by developing internalizing as well as externalizing behaviors. However, no previous study has examined the effects of parental imprisonment on children's internalizing problems using standardized instruments, appropriate comparison groups, and long-term follow-up. Using prospective longitudinal data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, we compared boys separated because of parental imprisonment during their first 10 years of life with four control groups: boys who did not experience separation, boys separated because of hospitalization or death, boys separated for other reasons (usually parental disharmony), and boys whose parents were only imprisoned before the boys' births. Individual, parenting, and family risk factors for internalizing problems were measured when boys were ages 8–11 years. Separation because of parental imprisonment predicted boys' internalizing problems from age 14 to 48, even after controlling for childhood risk factors including parental criminality. Separation because of parental imprisonment also predicted the co-occurrence of internalizing and antisocial problems. These results suggest that parental imprisonment might cause long-lasting internalizing and antisocial problems for children.

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Regaya, M., A. Guedria, T. Brahim, N. Gaddour, and L. Gaha. "Child psychiatry expertise in the context of parental separation." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1683.

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IntroductionMarriages’ dissolution phenomenon had increased in recent years in Tunisia. The impact of divorce on children depends on the interweaving of several factors and is not inevitably pathological. We have noticed in our daily practice a concomitant increase in the number of request for expert opinions concerning children.ObjectivesDetermine the clinical children’s profile of separated parents carried out within the framework of legal expertise.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective study in the outpatient child psychiatry ward at Fattouma Bourguiba general hospital in Monastir, Tunisia. Including all the expert reports of children affected by parental separations during a period of two years (2017 to 2019).Results56 children were included in our study. The average age were (6.7 years) with a majority of males (58.2%). School failure concerned (24%). In most cases, the request for expertise was made in the context of mistreatment’s suspicion (60.7%), than following the parents’ separation (16.1%). Concerning the clinical picture: a normal psychiatric examination was found in the majority of cases (55.4%), anxiety symptoms concerned (32.1%). Cases of depression, global developmental delay and autism were also found.ConclusionsAccording to our study, the vast majority of children presented a normal psychiatric examination. Moreover, a preponderant part of the symptoms seemed to result from educational errors. While parental separation poses risks for children, research shows that these negative effects are not the same for everyone. Several factors can reduce these risks and promote children’s resilience. Thus, first-line psychosocial care should be offered for families and children in seprations’ context.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Astuti, Umi, Hartono Hartono, and Sunawan Sunawan. "The Influence of Parental Attachment toward Early Childhood Children's Separation Anxiety." Journal of Primary Education 9, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpe.v9i5.43210.

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Most preschool children show incapabilities of overcoming anxieties so that they have negative emotions while parting with an intimate figure. This research examined parental attachment toward early childhood children's parting anxieties. The research population consisted of 793 participants aged 5-6 years old. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. It involved 185 early childhood children (87 boys and 98 girls). The data were collected through a questionnaire. The data technique used the Parental-Child Attachment-Child Survey questionnaire to measure parental attachment to children. Separation anxiety in early childhood was measured using the Children's Separation Anxiety Disorders (CSAS) questionaire. Each question item was read by the researcher to facilitate the children. The applied analysis was a simple linear regression. It was to analyze the parental attachment toward children's separation anxiety. The result shows Fcount = 15.26 < Ftable = 3.045 with a Sig value 0.000 < 0.05. It means high parental attachment lowered children's separation anxiety at schools. This child-parent intimacy supported adaptive social quality in a peer group. It also provided a positive foundation for their further development.

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Bernardi, Fabrizio, and Chiara Ludovica Comolli Comolli. "Parental separation and children’s educational attainment: Heterogeneity and rare and common educational outcomes." Zeitschrift für Familienforschung 31, no. 1-2019 (April 9, 2019): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/zff.v31i1.01.

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While the association between parental separation and children’s lower educational achievements is a robust finding, the evidence regarding its heterogeneity across social groups is mixed. Some studies show that socioeconomically advantaged families manage to shelter their pupils from the consequences of parental break-up, while others find the opposite. We contribute to this debate and sketch a structural theory of the heterogeneity of the consequences associated to parental separation on children’s educational outcomes. We argue that the separation penalty and its heterogeneity across social backgrounds differ depending on the selectivity of a given educational outcome. In particular, the smallest penalty will be observed for very rare and very common outcomes. The rarity of an educational outcome depends on pupils’ social background, which might produce the observed heterogeneity even if the separation penalty itself is equal across parental social background. We investigate the heterogeneity of the consequences of separation by parents’ education in Spain on two children’s outcomes. One outcome (enrolment in tertiary education) is rare for children in low educated families, while the other (retaking in primary and secondary education) is rare for children in highly educated families. The results show that the penalty associated to parental separation for retaking a year in primary and secondary education is larger for children of low educated mothers. No heterogeneity is found for enrolment in tertiary education.

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Dashiff, Carol J., and Michael Weaver. "Development and Testing of a Scale to Measure Separation Anxiety of Parents of Adolescents." Journal of Nursing Measurement 16, no. 1 (May 2008): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.16.1.61.

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Separation anxiety as an experience of parents of adolescents remains underinvestigated. The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess parental separation anxiety of mothers and fathers of adolescent sons and daughters, that is, the Parental Separation Anxiety Scale (PSAS). The Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale was adapted to address this purpose. Three studies were conducted to assess item performance, internal consistency and test–retest reliability, and construct and predictive validity. Internal consistency reliability ranged from 0.91 to 0.93 across samples. Factor analysis indicated four factors with a primary factor (70% of variance) that was consistent with attachment theory. Parental separation anxiety was negatively associated with global relationship quality (r = –0.23, p = .01). Maternal separation anxiety was negatively associated with cognitive autonomy of sons (r = –0.34, p = .05), while paternal separation anxiety was positively associated with cognitive autonomy of daughters (r = 0.20, p = .05). It was concluded that the final 18-item PSAS has good psychometric qualities and is appropriate for use with parents of chronically ill and healthy adolescents.

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Bouchra Aabbassi and Abdeslam Benali. "The psychological issues of parental separation in children." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 218–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.1.0022.

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Parental separation is a risky traumatic experience for the child regardless of his age. To overcome this ordeal, the child sets up functional or adaptive mechanisms, enabling him to continue his development; on the contrary, giving rise to emotional symptoms, behavioral disorders and / or school sufferance. The expression of this suffering will depend on several factors (the age of the child, his level of development, personality and that of his parents, family background, nature of parental disagreement, the place of children in the conflict, the quality of the relationship between the parents and that of the child-parent relationships after separation). Today’s readings on parental separation and its psychological effects multiply and intersect to provide a more comprehensive look at this worrying phenomenon.

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Lewandowska-Walter, Aleksandra, and Magdalena Błażek. "Sibling Separation Due to Parental Divorce: Diagnostic Aspects." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 6232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106232.

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Separation of siblings is one of the most difficult diagnostic problems faced by psychologists. Such situations are happening more often in the face of the increasing number of divorces and breakdown of relationships. Therefore, a diagnostic task becomes an in-depth assessment of intra-family relationships, ties connecting family members, the preferences of individual people and predicting the long-term consequences of the proposed solutions. The article is dedicated to this problem, and the issue is addressed through the theoretical perspective and the analysis of two cases, i.e., the situation of separated siblings. In the study of children, we present a relatively new method, based on the authors’ clinical experience, which could be used to diagnose the family situation of children. The first goal was to analyze the reasons for the separation of siblings whose parents were in conflict during the separation (first case study) and after the separation (second case study), as well as to assess the functioning of the children resulting from the family breakdown, and the decision to separate them from siblings. The analysis allowed identifying the areas of sibling functioning, which should become the subject of diagnosis when working on expert opinions in divorce cases, or cases establishing contact between parents and children. The second aim of the report was to assess the effectiveness of using play as a diagnostic method in a situation that is a source of stress for the child (family breakdown) and causes tension (the diagnostic process in which this topic is discussed).

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Gamgam Leanderz, Åsa, Jenny Hallgren, Maria Henricson, Margaretha Larsson, and Caroline Bäckström. "Parental‐couple separation during the transition to parenthood." Nursing Open 8, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2622–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nop2.803.

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Holroyd, R., and A. Sheppard. "Parental separation: effects on children; implications for services." Child: Care, Health and Development 23, no. 5 (September 1997): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.1997.tb00904.x.

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Lindbom-jakobson, Marika, and Lena Lindgren. "Trauma and processes of separation from parental figures." International Forum of Psychoanalysis 5, no. 4 (October 1996): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08037069608412756.

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Weston, Frances. "Effects of divorce or parental separation on children." British Journal of School Nursing 4, no. 5 (June 2009): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjsn.2009.4.5.42779.

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Veijola, J., P. Maki, M. Joukamaa, H. Hakko, and M. Isohanni. "Parental separation at birth and depression in adulthood." European Psychiatry 17 (May 2002): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)80554-5.

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D'Onofrio, Brian, and Robert Emery. "Parental divorce or separation and children's mental health." World Psychiatry 18, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wps.20590.

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Deveci Şirin, Hatice. "Parental Acceptance–Rejection and Adult Separation Anxiety: The Mediation of Adult Attachment Insecurity." SAGE Open 9, no. 4 (July 2019): 215824401988513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019885138.

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Adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) is classified under anxiety disorders in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM- 5). However, the reasons for ASAD are uncertain. The relationship between ASAD and childhood experiences is one of the frequently debated issues. The purpose of this study was to develop a model that would examine the mediating roles of insecure attachment dimensions—avoidance and anxiety—in the relationship between adults’ retrospective perceptions of parental acceptance–rejection in childhood and separation anxiety. A total of 1,534 participants completed Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire, Experiences in Close Relationships–Revised, Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire, and personal information form. The results of the structural equation model indicated that insecure attachment dimensions—avoidance and anxiety variables—fully mediated the relationship between perceived parental acceptance–rejection and separation anxiety. These findings shed new light on the relationship between adults’ retrospective perceptions of childhood experiences and adult separation anxiety.

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Kennedy, H. G., and D. E. Dyer. "Parental Hostage Takers." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 3 (March 1992): 410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.160.3.410.

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Three men presented to a single regional secure psychiatric unit over a twelve-month period, after taking their youngest child hostage in their own homes because of a threatened separation from the family. In each case the episode had escalated because of hostility to police involvement in what for them was a typical domestic upheaval. All cases ended without injury. In each man, substance abuse, a family history of domestic violence and fears of rejection were prominent, and the recent birth of a child may have been an added precipitant. There may be a common family structure which predisposes to such situations. Psychiatric intervention was deemed appropriate, with some evidence of benefit for the two men who engaged in treatment.

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Mayer, Wolfgang, Avril Smith, Reinald Fundele, and Thomas Haaf. "Spatial Separation of Parental Genomes in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos." Journal of Cell Biology 148, no. 4 (February 21, 2000): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.4.629.

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We have used two different experimental approaches to demonstrate topological separation of parental genomes in preimplantation mouse embryos: mouse eggs fertilized with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled sperm followed by detection of BrdU in early diploid embryos, and differential heterochromatin staining in mouse interspecific hybrid embryos. Separation of chromatin according to parental origin was preserved up to the four-cell embryo stage and then gradually disappeared. In F1 hybrid animals, genome separation was also observed in a proportion of somatic cells. Separate nuclear compartments during preimplantation development, when extreme chromatin remodelling occurs, and possibly in some differentiated cell types, may be associated with epigenetic reprogramming.

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Brown, Thea, Alison Lundgren, Lisa-Maree Stevens, and Jennifer Boadle. "Shared parenting and parental involvement in children's schooling following separation and divorce." Children Australia 35, no. 1 (2010): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200000912.

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Although the new family law legislation, the Family Law (Shared Parental Responsibility) Amendment Act of 2006, seeks to implement the notion of ongoing and collaborative parenting of children following parental partnership breakdown, separation and divorce, institutional obstacles still prevent the realisation of this policy. The question then arises: can such a model of separation and divorce be achieved? This question is examined through a discussion of a series of studies undertaken by a Monash University research team investigating parents' involvement in their children's schooling following parental separation and divorce. The research, building on a number of small studies carried out in Western Australia, looked at parents' and teachers' views of schools' ability to relate to separated and divorced parents and the wider difficulty of schools managing this family form.

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Sheerin, Declan. "Dyads and triads of abuse, bereavement and separation: a survey in children attending a child and family centre." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 15, no. 4 (December 1998): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700004833.

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AbstractObjectives: To determine the frequency with which abuse, parental separation and bereavement occur on their own or together in children attending child psychiatry services and to assess the relationship between these traumas and attendance and outcome.Method: A review of all case notes over a 12 month period (n = 435) was conducted and a proforma completed. Information was gathered on clinical presentation, rate of attendance, the presence of sexual abuse, non-sexual abuse including bullying, bereavement and parental separation and a measurement of outcome by subjective assessment was made.Results: Fifty-nine per cent of the children had experienced at least one of the specified traumas; 13% had experienced two and 2.5% had experienced three. The children who had been abused or bereaved were more likely to require fairly long-term work; those who were adjusting to parental separation required less intervention over time. The children who had been sexually abused had, relatively, the poorest outcome in contrast to those adjusting to bereavement where 87% were considered to have made significant improvement.Conclusions: Bereavement, abuse and parental separation are common in children referred to the child psychiatric services and these children often require long-term intervention. Increased resources will be required in order to continue to provide adequate intervention and treatment for these children.

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Grant, S., K. Carlsen, P. E. Bidstrup, G. S. Bastian, L. W. Lund, S. O. Dalton, and C. Johansen. "Parental Separation and Pediatric Cancer: A Danish Cohort Study." PEDIATRICS 129, no. 5 (April 9, 2012): e1187-e1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2657.

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Cloutier, Richard, and Geneviève Alain. "Supplementary Issue Introduction: Family Transitions Related to Parental Separation." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 21, S4 (January 2002): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2002-0024.

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Kamińska, Katarzyna. "Joint Physical Custody After Parental Separation: A Polish Perspective." Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations 4, no. 2 (2020): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2020.04.02.05.

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The aim of this paper was to present the characteristics of joint physical custody in Polish family law. For this purpose the relevant regulations of the Polish law were analysed. In the paper, the substantive as well as the procedural provisions were compared. The Family Court may award joint physical custody if the parties have made an agreement, consistent with the welfare of the child, or in the absence of such a parenting agreement, having regard to a child’s right to both parents. One hypothesis assumes that joint physical custody does not mean only symmetric child custody arrangements, and its proper application by courts is determined by taking into account many different factors. In the paper, the results of the examination referred to joint custody in child custody law in Germany and the Swedish experience of joint physical custody, were presented. The main advantage of joint physical custody is to provide both parents equal control over decision regarding a child’s upbringing and to split the time that a child spends living with each of them. This paper contains a reflection on joint physical custody in the face of COVID-19. The current pandemic is having an enormous impact on families. During this particular time, it is time to become more cooperative and more fluid, not less.

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O'Connor, Thomas G., Avshalom Caspi, John C. DeFries, and Robert Plomin. "Genotype-environment interaction in children's adjustment to parental separation." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 44, no. 6 (August 4, 2003): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00169.

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Laguerre, Claire-Emmanuelle, David Vavassori, and Lydia Fernandez. "Parental Contributions and Separation Anxiety on Adolescents’ Cannabis Use." Journal of Addictions Nursing 26, no. 1 (2015): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jan.0000000000000059.

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Halpenny, Ann Marie, Sheila Greene, and Diane Hogan. "Children's Perspectives on Coping and Support following Parental Separation." Child Care in Practice 14, no. 3 (July 2008): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13575270802041720.

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Rekers, George A., and Judson J. Swihart. "The Association of Gender Identity Disorder with Parental Separation." Psychological Reports 65, no. 3_suppl2 (December 1989): 1272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.3f.1272.

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56 boys diagnosed with gender disturbance, ages 3 to 18 yr. (mean age 8.4 yr.), were classified according to family structure. The proportion of gender-disturbed subjects separated from one or both parents (66%) was significantly higher than the 35% to 48% separated from one or both parents in comparable US general population statistics.

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JENSEN, PETER S., DAVID MARTIN, and HENRY WATANABE. "Children's Response to Parental Separation during Operation Desert Storm." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 35, no. 4 (April 1996): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199604000-00009.

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