Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Parental separation'
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Greenstone, Harriet. "Children's reactions to parental separation." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59247.
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The purpose of this study was to fully explore children's reactions to parental separation and to look at these reactions in relation to a number of environmental, demographic, and temperamental variables. The study also investigated parents' perceptions of children's reactions and the relationship between the two. Forty children between the ages of 8 and 12 years, inclusive, whose parents had been separated less than 3 years, participated in the study. A number of descriptive and ethnographic procedures were utilized. A negative correlation of.62 was obtained between anxiety and self-esteem. The children in the study appeared to have a well-developed, reality-based comprehension of the divorce, even though they were generally sad about the divorce and hoped for a reconciliation. Meaningful results were observed when the children's responses were compared with regard to gender, age, and duration of separation. Few differences in response were noted with regard to levels of self-esteem. Anxiety, however, appeared to be related to many rather apparent differences in response. When parents' responses were compared to children's responses, a moderate variability was observed in those questions related to time periods. In the open-ended questions, there was moderate variability in response agreement between parent and child. Differences in response were also noted with regard to when the children were told about the separation and by whom.
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Sin, Chui-shan Tammy, and 冼翠珊. "Children's adjustment to parental separation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977455.
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Sin, Chui-shan Tammy. "Children's adjustment to parental separation." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13745116.
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Brennan, Carol A. (Carol Ann). "Parent Adaptive Doll Play with Children Experiencing Parental Separation/Divorce." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331649/.
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Parent Adaptive Doll Play, a technique in an early stage of development, is designed for use by parents in assisting their young children to cope with the stresses of parental separation/divorce. The effects of technique implementation by parents of three- through six-year-old children were investigated. Data was collected before and after parents received training and implemented the technique over an eight-week period. Parents completed the Child Behavior Rating Scale, Burks' Behavior Rating Scales, the Parenting Stress Index, and the Parental Attitude Scale.
Twenty-two parents, reporting marital separation through separation and/or divorce, within 18 months prior to the beginning of the study, and reporting more than 50 percent physical custody of a three- through six-year-old child qualified for participation. Twelve children were experimental subjects and ten were control subjects. To determine differences between groups, a one-way analysis of covariance was performed on each post test variable. Positive differences were calculated in several areas of child behavior by parents of subjects in the experimental group. No significant differences between groups were found in any area of child behavior. The score which most closely approached significance, however, was found in the Burks' Behavior Rating Scale area of poor anger control.
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Curry, Donna Miles. "The relationship among parental separation anxiety, infant temperament and parent-infant interaction during separation : a longitudinal study /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487678444257353.
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Kier, Cheryl. "The ecology of families after parental marital separation." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333411.
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Järnefelt, My. "Parental Separation and Educational Reproduction in 20th Century Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-148778.
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This study examines the probabilities of attaining the highest level of education depending on parental education, and probabilities of reproducing parental education depending on parental separation. The theoretical starting point concerns social origin and social mobility. How parental separation affects educational reproduction among Swedish birth cohorts from 1905-1980 is investigated. Linear Probability Model (LPM) is used to analyze data from The Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU). The results show that the probability of reproducing parental education is higher for those from intact families compared to those who experienced parental separation. However, the differences in probabilities between groups are small, and after controlling for a number of demographic traits, the correlation weakens. Furthermore, differences in the effect of parental separation for groups of different parental education is shown, although this is confounded by the educational expansion that took place in Sweden during the 20th century. The conclusion of this paper is that parental separation has a negative effect on the reproduction of parental education, and that the experience affects groups of different social origin differently.
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Chapman, Susie V. C. "Children's stories of parental relationship breakdown and of their relationship with their non-resident parent." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390556.
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Ellwanger, Pamela Betz. "Adolescent cohesion/attachment to parents : relationships with parental attachment style, marital satisfaction, and separation anxiety." Connect to resource, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1240426502.
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Bisnaire, Lise M.-C. "Factors associated with academic achievement in children following parental separation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/21134.
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Ma, Sau-fong Ady, and 馬秀芳. "An exploration into children's reaction and adjustment to parental separation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31247672.
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Knight, Barbara Ann. "Holding their words: Children's experiences of parental separation and divorce." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2019. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/48413e42db5bad209260a3408356fb206050488f414c7d2b114d387a2adfb396/2053339/Knight_2019_Holding_their_words_children_s_experiences_of.pdf.
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Many children in Australia experience parental separation during their childhood, with one-quarter of Australian children under 18 years spending some of their childhood apart from one of their parents. Parental separation often precipitates significant changes to a child’s relationships and physical environment. This can include changing schools, or living locations, and residing in two households. Relationships with parents, siblings, extended family, step-parents and step-siblings are also significant and present various challenges for children. These changes can be stressful and potentially impact on children’s adjustment, development and long-term wellbeing. The consequences of parental separation can be long lasting, affecting children’s wellbeing throughout their lives and into adulthood. Current understandings of the impact of parental separation and divorce on children primarily draw on adult perspectives of children’s experience, either through retrospective accounts of adults who experienced parental separation as children, or from adults, including professional and parental assessment of children’s wellbeing. This thesis aims to fill this gap by drawing on theory from Childhood Studies to explore how children experience and make sense of the changes that occur when parents separate. A qualitative approach was adopted to better understand children’s experience. A child reference group provided advice and guidance at the beginning of this study and reflected on the findings near the completion of the study. Twelve children aged 8 to 13, participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews. All children were recruited from a Family Relationship Centre (FRC) in Canberra, Australia, and all had been part of a group program or engaged in individual counselling under the Supporting Children after Separation Program (SCASP) framework. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). This method ensured that the findings remained grounded in, and reflective of, children’s perspectives and experiences. Systems theory was used during analysis to assist with an understanding of how the impact of parental separation brings changes to both the micro and macro systems of children’s lives. A range of themes emerged across the children’s experiences. Sadness and loss were evident in all the children’s stories. For some, these feelings were ever-present and, at times, overwhelming. Many spoke of feeling left out and not valued in re-formed families. Children also identified the need for adults to: just listen; include them and give them a say in decisions about their lives; and provide information about what is happening in their families. Children highlighted the need to be engaged in family life and their need to feel valued. Children demonstrated a range of strategies to manage the changes and the difficult feelings, including seeking formal counselling/support, making decisions about contact with parents, seeking support from friends and developing internal cognitive strategies. Changes in family formation brought about through parental separation have precipitated significant policy changes and reforms to the family law system in Australia. In this study, a number of children reflected on their experience of shared parenting, shared care and court mediation, providing a perspective on the way legislation and policy are experienced by children. In exploring children’s experiences and understandings of parental separation, this study extends and challenges dominant understandings of the effect of parental separation on children and builds knowledge of the supports required for children to manage and respond to these changes in their lives. This thesis makes an essential contribution to understanding the way in which children experience and make sense of parental separation. Drawing on the perspective of children, the thesis makes a further contribution to the development of policy in relation to families.
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Lacey, R. E. "Parental separation and adult psychological distress : material and relational pathways." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1363349/.
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The association between parental separation occurring during childhood and adult psychological distress is well established, however the potential mechanisms involved in translating the experience of parental separation into the increased risk of reporting psychological distress is unclear and little investigated. Previous literature indicates that material and relational factors may be involved and that these two pathways are likely to be linked across the life course. The identification of the mechanisms involved in the association between parental separation and psychological distress will offer suggestions as to how families and children who undergo separation can best be supported in order to prevent long-term adverse consequences for psychological health. The diversification of family forms since the mid-20th century and in particular the increased chances that a child experiences parental separation in more recent years stimulated the investigation of whether the association between parental separation and adult psychological distress, and the mediating material and relational pathways, has changed over time. It is thought that as separation becomes more common it will have less of an effect upon the children involved. There are few studies which have investigated this with respect to psychological distress and this thesis extends those which do exist methodologically. Analysis of data from three British birth cohorts finds that parental separation is associated with increased chances of reporting psychological distress and this does not differ by gender, age of child or cohort. Examination of mediating pathways shows that both material and relational factors are involved, although material factors particularly so, and that these differ for men and women, and also by cohort. The inter-linkage of material and relational factors across the life course was found to be complex. These findings suggest a need to support separating families, particularly through their educational careers, in order to minimise the long-term consequences for children.
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Ma, Sau-fong Ady. "An exploration into children's reaction and adjustment to parental separation /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12325880.
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Farndale, Holly. "The effects of parental divorce/separation and perceived poor parental conflict resolution on children later in life /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09HS/09hsf235.pdf.
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Marsh, Greg (Gregory Gene). "The Effects of Parental Divorce and Conflict on Adolescent Separation-Individuation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278026/.
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The influence of parental marital status and parental conflict on the separation-individuation process of college students was investigated in the present study. Past studies have suggested that parental divorce and parental conflict accelerate separation. However, no studies have measured more than one dimension of separation-individuation. In this study the process of separation-individuation was operationalized as involving three dimensions: psychological separation from parents (Psychological Separation Inventory); emotional attachments to parents and peers (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment); and the development of an identity (Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status). The sample consisted of 120 male and 120 female undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 22, one-half with parents who were married and one-half with parents who had divorced in the last five years. Subjects completed self-report measures of parental conflict, psychological separation, attachment to parents and to peers, and identity status. Predictions that parental conflict would affect students in intact families differently than their peers with divorced parents were not supported. Instead, parental divorce and conflict were found to have different effects on the components of the separation-individuation process. Subjects reporting higher parental conflict levels described more independent functioning, more negative feelings toward parents, less attachment to parents and to peers, and greater exploration of identity-related issues in comparison to those reporting low levels of conflict. Subjects with parents who had recently divorced reported lower attachment to parents, and greater identity exploration and reluctance to commit to an identity than subjects from intact families. Males reported greater independence from and less attachment to parents, and had committed to an identity without exploration less often than females. Results suggest that parental divorce and conflict may influence adolescent development in different ways. Exploratory analyses suggested that measures of conflict style are more highly related to indices of separation-individuation than measures of the amount of parental conflict. Theoretical and methodological issues are discussed.
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O'Loughlin, Mary Ann 1957. "The Relationship of Assertiveness and Bulimia to Psychological Separation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278260/.
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The purpose of this study was to examine how parental separation is related to eating disturbances and assertiveness in females who struggle with bulimic symptoms. Two-hundred ninety-two undergraduate females from the University of North Texas comprised the subject group. Using pen and paper measures of assertiveness, bulimia, and parental separation, support was found for the prediction that there would be a relationship between assertiveness and parental separation. Likewise, partial support was found for the prediction that there would be a relationship between bulimia and parental separation. Parental separation was found to affect levels of bulimia and assertiveness. Finally, it was found that subjects endorsed greater emotional independence from fathers than from mothers.
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Hutton, Cheryl F. "Children's adjustment following parental separation : the role of interparental conflict and children's appraisals." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413838.
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O'Hara, Karey L., and Karey L. O'Hara. "An Online Preventive Intervention for Youth Exposed to High-Conflict Parental Divorce/Separation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625548.
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This study investigated efficacy of an online, preventive intervention program, Children of Divorce-Coping with Divorce (CoD-CoD; Boring, 2011). It extends previous findings to a sample of eight youth from high-conflict families who recently initiated legal divorce proceedings. CoD-CoD is a cognitive-behavioral intervention that targets coping efficacy, coping strategies, and divorce-related cognitive appraisals. A multiple-baseline single case experimental design evaluated change in daily use of active and avoidant coping strategies and corresponding coping efficacy ratings. Individual patterns of change were inspected for the program’s putative mediator variables and overall mental health functioning. Results indicate that daily coping efficacy ratings increased for four participants and decreased for the three participants who reported the highest levels of exposure to interparental conflict. The majority of participants increased use of at least one type of active coping strategy and half decreased use of at least one type of avoidant coping strategy. There were no observed patterns of systematic change in divorce-related cognitive appraisals and changes in mental health functioning were mixed. An exploratory analysis found that youth were classified as "high-risk" on a psychometrically-sound risk index in 100% of cases with documentation of two or more conflict-indicative legal events in the family court file. The study findings are consistent with previous evidence of a moderated program effect on coping efficacy, although positive effects on youth-reported mental health functioning were not replicated. Findings are discussed within the context of a high-conflict sample with temporal proximity to the legal divorce and in light of study limitations. Research directions toward effectively connecting at-risk youth with evidence-based prevention services are detailed.
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Bailey, Martha. "A comparative study of child access." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363454.
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Rae-Espinoza, Heather. "Devoted abandonment the children left behind by parental emigration in Ecuador /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3232854.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 4, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 498-526).
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Powell, Darci Pearce Lisa D. "Social contexts and moderators of the relationship between parental separation and negative youth outcomes." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1145.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.
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Kienhuis, Mandy Lee, and mandyk@vicparenting com au. "Youth adjustment to parental separation: the development and evaluation of an empirically-based parenting intervention for separated families with adolescent children." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070202.124553.
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The focus of this thesis is the evaluation of three forms of an empirically-based cognitive-behavioural parenting program for separated families with adolescent children. However, to initially determine the existence of lasting affects of parental separation (occurring during childhood and adolescence), an exploratory study used a sample of 272 young adults (aged between 18 and 30 years) from intact families and 78 young adults from separated families. This study investigated the impact of parental marital status on young adult psychological adjustment, interpersonal relationships, attitudes toward divorce, and interpersonal behaviour problems. Results indicated that the effects of parental separation on father-child relationships persist into adulthood for men and women. Further, young women from separated families also reported more accepting attitudes toward divorce, and earlier age at entering into de facto or marital relationships. Young men reported more di fficulties in their relationships with mothers, moving out of the family home at a younger age, and higher levels of verbal attack behaviours in romantic relationships compared to their peers from intact families. Importantly, results suggested that both young children and adolescents experience adverse consequences of parental separation, albeit in different adjustment domains. Given these results, the need for intervention was established. While considerable efforts have gone into the development of intervention programs for young children from separated families, few efforts have focused on adolescents whose parents have separated. To redress this situation, this thesis describes the development and evaluation of three forms of delivery of a parenting program for separated families with adolescent children - group, individual, and telephone-assisted. Study 2 investigated the efficacy and acceptability of the Youth Adjustment to Parental Separation (YAPS) program - an empirically-based group cognitive-beha vioural parenting program for separated families with adolescent children. Overall, the results from this initial trial with four mothers suggested that the program was implemented as planned and that the program was acceptable to mothers. Further, the program lead to improvements in mothers' perceptions of adolescent symptomatology and their own symptomatology. However, there was limited or inconsistent change in mothers' perceptions of family relationships, the coparenting relationship, and their parenting practises, and in adolescents' perceptions of interparental conflict, coping, negative separation-related events, and problematic beliefs. Furthermore, adolescents reported deterioration in family communication and their own symptomatology. Based on the results of Study 2 and the limitations identified, recommendations were made regarding improvements to the YAPS program and to the procedures used to evaluate program effectiveness. According to the recommendations made in Study 2, the efficacy and acceptability of the YAPS program delivered as a therapist-administered individual program was evaluated with six families in Study 3. Results indicated that the program is acceptable to mothers, and that it leads to improvements in adolescent adjustment, parent adjustment, mother-adolescent relationships, father-contact, adolescent exposure to interparental conflict and other negative-separation-related events, and mothers' perceptions of family relationships. Less consistent changes were observed for adolescent ratings of family relationships, and the father-adolescent relationship, however improvements in the father-adolescent relationship were associated with increased levels of f ather-contact. Consistent improvements in adolescents' coping and their appraisal of parental separation were not observed. However, there appeared to be a relationship between parental utilisation of coping strategies and adolescent coping, suggesting that promoting adolescent coping indirectly through parental modelling and parental encouragement is an appropriate intervention strategy. Study 4 evaluated the efficacy and acceptability of the YAPS program delivered as a telephone-assisted program. Results indicated that the program is acceptable to mothers, and that it improves adolescent perceptions of family communication, their own coping, and their relationship with their father. However, mothers' ratings of their own and their child's adjustment, and adolescent ratings of their own adjustment did not change. Further, expected improvements in mothers' parenting practises, the mother-adolescent relationship, separation-related negative-events, separation-related beliefs, and the coparenting relationship were not observed. Overall, improvements observed in the evaluation of the minimal-contact, telephone-assisted YAPS program (Study 4) were considerably less than those observed in the evaluation of the individual therapist-assisted, face-to-face program (Study 3). Future evaluations of the YAPS program need to address the limitations of the current series of studies, particularly, comparison to a wait-list control group is required so that threats to internal validity can be minimised.
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Wang, Shuang [Verfasser]. "Parental Custody After Separation or Divorce : A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law / Shuang Wang." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228749515/34.
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Kay-Flowers, S. J. "Recalling childhood experiences of parental separation and divorce : an internet based phenomenology of young adult voices." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7863/.
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This thesis examines young adults’ childhood experiences of parental separation and divorce using internet research methods. The study adopted a phenomenological approach, to provide the opportunity for young adults (aged 18-30 years) to reflect on their experience, identify post separation changes and highlight aspects significant to them thereby, giving ‘voice’ to their lived experience. Internet-based research methodology was used to investigate how these aspects influenced young adults’ current views of their childhood experience and their ability to accommodate parental separation and post-separation changes in the long term. Working as a bricoleur, the research methods were designed and constructed with young people; a prompt simulation video (PSV) linked to an online questionnaire was created to act as a stimulus for young adults’ reflections. The sample group for this exploratory study was a self-selecting group of undergraduate students at a university in northwest England. Respondents were asked how they felt about the post-separation changes now and their responses were categorised according to the level of satisfaction (Continuum 1) and level of acceptance (Continuum 2) they reported, when combined these levels indicated their level of accommodation of the changes. These levels were used as a framework for thematic analysis of their responses from which factors and experiences influencing respondent’s level of accommodation were identified. The majority of respondents reported a high level of accommodation. Good parental communication, parental support, having their views about post-separation changes taken into account were important factors in their experience. Respondents who did not have these experiences reported lower levels of accommodation, those caught up in their parents’ on-going parental conflict reported the lowest level of accommodation The findings provide a framework for a deeper, more nuanced understanding of children’s experiences of parental separation and post-separation changes and create the opportunity for exploration of the issues raised for children at the intersection of home and school.
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Jogefält, Sofia, and Sandra Johansson. ""Whatever works" : en fokusgruppsstudie om föräldraroller efter separation." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-4896.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka socialtjänstens perspektiv på hur föräldrar förändrar sina roller för att på bästa sätt kunna ta sitt föräldraansvar efter en separation, speciellt om en förälder brister i sin omsorg kring barnet och hur socialtjänsten ser på sin roll i den processen. Vi har genomfört tre fokusgruppsintervjuer; en barnutredningsgrupp och två grupper från familjerätten. Alla enheter vi besökte ligger i Stockholm. Respondenterna har i fokusgrupperna fått reflektera och diskutera sina uppfattningar kring temana föräldraansvar, oro kring den andre förälderns förmåga, roller i och kring familjen samt socialtjänstens roll. Vårt resultat har analyserats med hjälp av rollteorin och mentaliseringsbegreppet. Resultatet visade att i omskapandet av föräldrarollerna efter separation är samarbete samt att minimera konflikter mellan föräldrar grundläggande. I de fall socialtjänsten är i kontakt med föräldrarna så har även de en roll i föräldraansvaret, de strävar efter att vägleda föräldrarna mot ett fullgott ansvarstagande och se till att föräldrarna behåller barnperspektivet med barnets behov i fokus. Om en förälder har förmågan att mentalisera en annan människas situation och ser dennes behov så underlättar det omskapandet av föräldrarollen efter separation precis som det vidare underlättar om föräldrar har en fungerande kommunikation mellan varandra. Den roll som är mest komplex enligt oss är den som en orolig förälder har kring barnets vistelse hos den andra föräldern. Oavsett hur relationen till den andre är så ligger det i bådas ansvar att alltid säkerställa att barnet har det bra och inte far illa.The purpose of this paper is to examine the perspective of the Swedish social services with regard to how parents change their roles in order to best take parental responsibility following separation. We particularly examine the perspective of the social services with regard to cases in which a parent has shortcomings in his or her care of the child and how the social services view their own role in this process. We conducted three focus group interviews: one involving a child protection investigation group and two involving family law groups. All of the units visited were in Stockholm, Sweden. The respondents in the focus groups were asked to reflect and discuss their views on the themes of parental responsibility, concern about the other parent’s capacity, roles in and involving the family, and the role of the social services. Our results were analysed using role theory and the concept of mentalisation. The results showed that in changing parental roles following separation, cooperation and minimising conflict between parents is fundamental. In cases in which the social services have contact with the parents, they too have a role in parental responsibility since they endeavour to guide the parents towards taking an adequate level of responsibility and ensure that the parents maintain a children’s perspective in which the needs of the child are in focus. If a parent has the ability to mentalise another person’s situation and see his or her needs, the changing of the parental role following separation is facilitated. Likewise, it also is beneficial if parents are able to communicate with each other. The role that is most complex, in our view, is that of a concerned parent with regard to the child staying with the other parent. Regardless of the nature of their relationship, it is the responsibility of both parents to always ensure that the child receives adequate care and does not come to harm.
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Mäki, P. (Pirjo). "Parental separation at birth and maternal depressed mood in pregnancy: associations with schizophrenia and criminality in the offspring." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514270800.
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Abstract Early risk factors of the antenatal period and infancy have been increasingly linked to psychiatric disorders. The aim of this thesis was to study the associations between very early parental separation and maternal depressed mood in pregnancy on the other hand, and schizophrenia and criminality in the offspring in adolescence and adulthood, on the other, in two data sets. In the Christmas Seal Home Children Study the index cohort consisted of 3 020 subjects born in Finland in 1945–65 who were temporarily isolated from their family immediately after birth to nursing homes, the Christmas Seal Homes, due to tuberculosis in the family. The average separation time was seven months. For every index subject, two reference subjects were matched for sex, year of birth and place of birth. Data were obtained on schizophrenia from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (FHDR) in 1971–98 and on criminal offences from Statistics Finland in 1977–98. The 28-year cumulative incidence of schizophrenia was 1.6% both in the index cohort and in the reference cohort (RR 1.0; 95% CI 0.8–1.4). Both male and female index subjects had committed crimes more commonly than the reference subjects (in men RR 1.3; 95% CI 1.2–1.4; in women RR 1.5; 1.2–2.0). Of the male index subjects 12.1% as compared with only 7.1% of the reference cohort had committed violent offences (RR 1.7; 1.4–2.1). In the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort mothers of 12 058 babies were asked at mid-gestation at the antenatal clinic if they felt depressed. This general population birth cohort of the children was followed up for 31 years being record-linked with the FHDR covering the years 1982–97 and with the criminal register of the Ministry of Justice up to 1998. We divided the schizophrenia patients into those having a psychotic first-degree relative (schizophrenia patients with familial risk for psychosis FR) and those without one. The cumulative incidence of hospital-treated schizophrenia was 1.3% among the offspring of depressed mothers and 0.9% among the descendants of non-depressed mothers (RR 1.5; 95% CI 0.9–2.4). The prevalence of antenatal depression was 35% in mothers of schizophrenia patients with FR. The respective prevalence was 14% both in the mothers of schizophrenia patients without FR and in the mothers of other cohort members. Both male and female offspring of antenatally depressed mothers were more commonly criminal offenders than offspring of non-depressed mothers (in men adjusted OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.9; in women OR 1.5; 0.8–3.0). In males, 6.5% with depressed mothers and 3.2% with non-depressed mothers had committed violent offences (adjusted OR 1.6; 1.1–2.4). Very early separation and mothers' depressed mood in pregnancy are per se unlikely to increase the risk for schizophrenia in the offspring, but seem to be connected to criminal behaviour, especially violent criminality in menTiivistelmä Raskaus- ja imeväisajan varhaiset tekijät on lisääntyvästi yhdistetty lapsen tuleviin mielenterveyshäiriöihin. Tarkoituksena oli tutkia hyvin varhaisen eron (separaation) ja äidin raskaudenaikaisen masentuneen mielialan yhteyttä lasten skitsofreniaan ja rikollisuuteen nuoruudessa ja aikuisuudessa kahdessa eri aineistossa. Joulumerkkikoti-lasten tutkimuksessa indeksikohortti koostui 1945–65 syntyneistä 3 020 tutkittavasta, jotka erotettiin väliaikaisesti perheistään heti syntymän jälkeen hoitokoteihin, Joulumerkkikoteihin, perheen tuberkuloosin takia. Ero vanhemmista kesti keskimäärin seitsemän kuukautta. Jokaiselle indeksitutkittavalle valittiin kaksi sukupuolen, syntymävuoden ja -paikan mukaan kaltaistettua verrokkitutkittavaa. Tieto skitsofreniaan sairastumisesta hankittiin sairaaloiden poistoilmoitusrekisteristä vv. 1971–98 ja rikoksista Tilastokeskuksesta 1977–98. 28 vuoden kumulatiivinen sairastuvuus skitsofreniaan oli 1,6 % sekä indeksi- että verrokkikohortilla (riskisuhde RR 1.0; 95 %:n luottamusväli CI 0,8–1,4). Sekä miehistä että naisista indeksitutkittavat olivat tehneet useammin rikoksia kuin vertailuryhmä (miehillä RR 1,3; 1,2–1,4; naisilla RR 1,5; 1,2–2,0). Miehistä 12,1 % indeksitutkittavista ja vain 7,1 % vertailuryhmästä oli tehnyt väkivaltarikoksen (RR 1,7; 1,4–2,1). Pohjois-Suomen 1966 syntymäkohortin 12 058 lapsen äideiltä kysyttiin keskiraskauden aikana äitiysneuvolassa, kokivatko he mielialansa masentuneeksi. Tämän väestötason syntymäkohortin (siis lasten) tietoja hankittiin 31-vuotisseurannassa sairaaloiden poistoilmoitusrekisteristä vuosilta 1982–97 ja oikeusministeriön rikosrekisteristä vuoteen 1998. Skitsofreniaan sairastuneet jaettiin niihin, joiden 1. asteen sukulainen oli ollut / ei ollut ollut psykoottinen. Sairaalahoitoa vaatineen skitsofrenian kumulatiivinen sairastuvuus oli 1,3 % masentuneiden ja 0,9 % masentumattomien äitien lapsilla (RR 1,5; 0,9–2,4). Raskaudenaikaisen masentuneen mielialan esiintyvyys oli 35 % niiden skitsofreniapotilaiden äideillä, joilla oli ollut lähisuvussa psykoosia. Vastaavasti masentunutta mielialaa esiintyi 14 %:lla sekä niiden skitsofrenia-potilaiden äideistä, joilla ei ollut sukurasitusta, että muiden kohorttitutkittavien äideistä. Sekä masentuneiden äitien pojista että tyttäristä useampi oli tehnyt rikoksen kuin masentumattomien äitien lapset (miehillä vakioitu vedonlyöntisuhde OR 1,5; 1,2–1,9; naisilla OR 1,5; 0,8–3,0). Masentuneiden äitien pojista 6,5 % ja masentumattomien äitien pojista 3,2 % oli tehnyt väkivaltarikoksen (vakioitu OR 1,6; 1,1–2,4). Hyvin varhainen ero ja äidin masentunut mieliala raskauden aikana eivät todennäköisesti sinänsä lisää skitsofrenian vaaraa lapsilla, mutta näyttävät olevan yhteydessä lasten rikolliseen käyttäytymiseen, erityisesti väkivaltarikoksiin miehillä
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Townend, David Matthew Roy. "Decision-making in the child's best interests : legal and psychological views of a child's best interests on parental separation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3454/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis presented and discussed here concerns the law relating to the decisions made concerning children when their parents separate using the legal process. It is divided into four parts, which consider four separate issues in that -legal response. There is an introduction which places the work in a broad academic context First, The Law Relating to Separation and Children discusses the statutory regulation of the process of making decisions about children of separating parents. It then discusses the body of case law which has developed to attempt to interpret the statutory requirement of the paramountcy of the child's best interests. The Children Act 1989 is considered in this part. Secondly, The Institution of Separation Law seeks to identify the professionals who work in this area of -the law. Further, in this part of the work, the theoretical and philosophical positions of the professionals are discussed, especially in the context of the critical literature published in this area. A major theme of this section is the change in the practice of this area of law from an adversarial model to the negotiated settlement, or mediation model. Thirdly, The Practice of Separation Law is a presentation and discussion of the findings of an empirical study undertaken to establish the nature of the practice of the professionals in this area. The empirical study also sought to ascertain whether the- professionals adopt any definition of the statutory phrase "the child's best interests", and the theoretical basis of that definition. Finally, The Psychology of Separation Law explores the discipline of psychology, to consider first, the effects of separation on children, secondly, a theoretical understanding of "the child's best interests", and thirdly, the implications on the legal process relating to the parents.
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Mahony, Linda H. "Early childhood teachers' pedagogical practice : what they know, think and do with young children experiencing parental separation and divorce." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61987/1/Linda_Mahony_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This grounded theory study examined the practices of twenty-one Australian early childhood teachers who work with children experiencing parental separation and divorce. Findings showed that teachers constructed personalised support for these children. Teachers’ pedagogical decision-making processes had five phases: constructing their knowledge, applying their knowledge, applying decision-making schema, taking action, and monitoring action and evaluating. This study contributes new understandings about teachers’ work with young children experiencing parental separation and divorce, and extends existing theoretical frameworks related to the provision of support. It adds to scholarship by applying grounded theory methodology in a new context. Recommendations are made for school policies and procedures within and across schools and school systems.
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Silva, Cristina Martins Cunha da. "Compreender para intervir : um estudo sobre a prática alienativa nas varas de família." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2011. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/17115.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is the product of our concerns about the significant repercussions caused by
parental alienation, mainly the irreversible severing of the affective bond. The researcher
recognizes that parental alienation is a social product that commonly is a part of the family
dynamics occurring when couples separate. Mothers and fathers dissatisfied by the separation,
use their minor children as an instrument to attack their ex husband‟s or wives‟ without
considering that children are legally dependent and still developing. It was verified that this
alienating practice is an interdisciplinary theme of legal interest (given that it emerges within
the legal system and translates into a conflict of interests requiring state intervention) and
therefore developing into a psychological conflict. Thus, from an interdisciplinary perspective
the researcher seeks to understand the phenomena based on the experience and the work of
judiciary psychologists who focus in the legal system (family court). The sample was derived
from reports provided by these professionals and subsequently a transversal and qualitative
study was conducted based on relevant literature. Testimonials from people who experienced
the alienating process were also used, allowing us to observe the anxiety and suffering
triggered by parental alienation. Throughout the study the researcher listed determining
characteristics (such as unprocessed mourning), as well as, problems encountered by people
involved in the context (for example, legal morosity). It should be noted that our analysis
focused primarily on the child as a person whose personality is still developing. This fact
pressures parents to accept responsibly their parental role in order to promote healthy
emotional development of their children. Thus, throughout the study the researcher
highlighted the need for parents to be mature, in order to distinguish between conjugal and
parental responsibility, given that parental alienation has as a factor the need to differentiate
between these two obligations. The researcher observed that the family dynamics carries with
it peculiar characteristics requiring joint intervention of legal and psychological professional
possessing special abilities in family mediation. In addition to jurisprudence that clearly states
the role of the state psychotherapy is mentioned and family mediation are considered possible
alternatives to assist in dealing with and promoting effective and operative restoration of
social peace. The researcher also suggest that the afore mentioned professionals work with
parents stressing the need to distinguish between parental and conjugal responsibility and that
parents clearly understand that a child needs to live with both a father and a mother ( each one
occupying effectively their parental function thus contributing to the full development of the child). Finally, the research suggests that only joint interdisciplinary cooperation of the
professionals involved in an understanding that is broader than judicial norms is it possible to
face and inhibit in a coherent and effective manner the existing alienating practice.Esta dissertação é fruto de nossas inquietações acerca das intensas repercussões geradas pela alienação parental, principalmente no que se refere à quebra irreversível do vínculo afetivo. Reconhecemos que a alienação parental é uma produção social que comumente tem acompanhado a dinâmica familiar de casais após o término da união conjugal. Pais e mães, inconformados com a dissolução conjugal, utilizam os filhos menores como instrumentos para atacar o ex-consorte, sem minimamente considerá-los como pessoas juridicamente hipossuficientes e em pleno desenvolvimento. A prática alienativa é uma temática interdisciplinar que interessa ao direito (porque é um fato que eclode no Judiciário e traduz em um conflito de interesses que exige a força coativa estatal) e à ciência psi (pois traduz em um conflito de ordem psíquica). Assim, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, propomos compreendê-la a partir da experiência e atuação de psicólogos judiciários que militam no âmbito forense (nas Varas de Família). A amostra foi composta de relatos proferidos por esses profissionais à qual incidiu posteriormente um estudo transversal e qualitativo dirigido por uma literatura específica. Utilizamos, também, depoimentos de pessoas que vivenciam a prática alienativa, o que nos permitiu perceber toda a angústia e o sofrimento que a alienação parental desencadeia. Na trajetória da pesquisa buscamos elencar características que a determinam (tais como o luto não processado), como também problemas que pessoas envolvidas nesse contexto enfrentam (por exemplo, a morosidade judiciária). Salientamos que a nossa compreensão tem como foco principal a criança como uma pessoa em formação de personalidade, fato que pressiona os pais no sentido de que assumam, de forma responsável, os seus lugares parentais em prol da promoção do saudável desenvolvimento emocional dos infantes. Nesses termos, durante a pesquisa destacamos a necessidade de os pais terem a maturidade para distinguir a conjugalidade e a parentalidade, haja vista que a alienação parental tem como um de seus fatores desencadeantes essa não diferenciação. Constatamos, ainda, que a mencionada dinâmica familiar porta peculiaridades e características que demandam uma atuação conjunta dos profissionais do direito e da ciência psi, os quais devem possuir conhecimento e habilidade específicos. Aliado à incidência jurisdicional que explicita a coação estatal, mencionamos a psicoterapia e a mediação familiar como alternativas que podem auxiliar na resolução da lide e promover a efetiva e operante restauração da paz social. Propomos que a atuação dos profissionais do direito e da ciência psi se direcione para a conscientização dos pais acerca da necessidade de distinção da parentalidade e da conjugalidade e de que eles reconheçam, de fato, que a criança necessita conviver com ambos, pai e mãe (cada um ocupando, efetivamente, a sua precípua função parental em prol do pleno desenvolvimento infantil). Enfim, o estudo nos sugeriu que somente com o trabalho conjunto e interdisciplinar dos mencionados profissionais, numa visão que ultrapassa a mera subsunção do fato à norma jurídica, é possível enfrentar e inibir de forma operante e efetiva a prática alienativa.
Mestre em Psicologia
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Rosselli, de Aschner María Eugenia. "Relatos de adolescentes que han vivido la separación parental en la niñez/preadolescencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406065.
Full textAbstract:
La tesis titulada Relatos de adolescentes que han vivido la separación parental en la niñez/preadolescencia presenta los resultados del análisis de los relatos de historias de vida de seis jóvenes (13-16 años) bogotanos, colombianos, bien adaptados, que han vivido la separación parental en la niñez/preadolescencia (10-12 años) y el divorcio en la postseparación contrastados con los resultados de las investigaciones. Abordaje. Los relatos se analizan desde la perspectiva sistémica ultramoderna y de adaptación: factores de riesgo/protección. Método cualitativo. Análisis fenomenológico interpretativo IPA (Smith y Osborn, 2007) que facilita entender cómo los participantes dan significado a la separación parental, a través del análisis de las entrevistas desarrolladas a partir del modelo adaptado de historia de vida de McAdams (2008). Resultados. Se han definido cuatro macro-dimensiones: (I) el cambio es un organizador central de las historias y los capítulos se definen a partir de las transiciones personales, familiares y escolares; (II) la separación parental aparece espontáneamente en los relatos y como experiencia dolorosa; (III) el proceso de adaptación a la separación evoluciona en cuatro etapas, a saber, 1) calma/tensión (preseparación), 2) turbulencia/dolor (separación), 3) reajuste/soledad (inicio postseparación), 4) resurgimiento/proyectos (postseparación avanzada); (IV) y la elaboración del proceso duelo por la separación que sigue las fases tipificadas en los casos estudiados que incluye la aceptación de la nueva forma de vida familiar, convive con un sentimiento amortiguado no perturbador de dolor que se expresa al hablar de ello. Cabe destacar la recuperación de la seguridad emocional como resultado de la destriangulación del conflicto conyugal y de la recuperación de la relación con la madre y con los pares, así como el desarrollo de los proyectos personales y el alumbramiento de los sueños de futuro en la etapa resurgimiento/proyectos. Conclusiones. El relatar la historia de vida es una forma de reintegrarla y dar voz a la experiencia de la separación que había permanecido silenciada. La familia divorciada es un estilo válido de ser familia que permite la adaptación de los hijos, abre nuevas perspectivas relacionales y la posibilidad de ser felices, siempre y cuando los hijos puedan elaborar el duelo por la separación, se destriangulen del conflicto conyugal y cuenten con la presencia amorosa de cada uno de los padres o, en su defecto, de uno. A partir de los resultados se dan algunos guías para el desarrollo de un programa psicoeducativo para hijos de divorciados y sus padres.The thesis titled Stories of adolescents who have experienced parental separation in childhood /preadolescence presents results of the analysis of life stories reported by six Colombian adolescents (13-16 years of age) who have experienced parental separation during childhood/preadolescence (10-11 years of age) and divorce during the post-separation period contrasted with the results derived from research. Approach: the stories are analyzed from an Ultramodern systemic and Adaptation: risk/protection factors perspectives. Qualitative method: Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) (Smith and Osborn, 2007) that facilitates an understanding of how participants give meaning to the experience of parental separation, throughout the analysis and interpretation of conversations based upon an adapted model of life story interviews developed by McAdams' (McAdams, 2008). Results: Four macro-dimensions are defined: (I) Change is a central organizer of life stories and chapters are defined upon personal, familiar and scholar transitions. (II) Parental separation appears spontaneously within narratives and is painfully experienced. (III) The process of adaptation to separation evolves in four stages: 1. Calm/tension (pre-separation) 2. Turbulence/pain (separation) 3. Readjustment/loneliness(post-separation) 4. Resurgence/projects (advanced post-separation). (Resurgence/projects stage). (IV) The mourning process of parental separation; runs a typified process in all cases that includes the acceptation of separation and the validation of the new family style. and at the meantime, when participants remember the parental separation, it still hurts when they talk about it. Is important to highlight the recovery of emotional stability as a result of the de-triangulation of marital conflict; reconstruction of a stable relationship with their mothers and the improvement of the quality of relationships with peers as well as the development of their personal projects and the dreams of their future at the stage of Resurgence/projects. Conclusions the telling of a life story is a way to reintegrate their life story and to give voice to the experience of separation that had been silenced. The divorced family is a valid style of being a family that allows children to adapt, opens up new relational perspectives and the possibility of being happy, as long as the children can elaborate the mourning of the parental separation, the marital conflict breaks out and they feel the loving presence of each parent, and in some cases only of one. From the results of this study some guidelines for the development of a psychoeducational program for children of divorcees and their parents are developed.
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Pike, Lisabeth T. "The effects of different parent residency arrangements resulting from permanent parental separation or divorce on the growth of competence and self-esteem in primary school-aged children." Thesis, Pike, Lisabeth T. (1999) The effects of different parent residency arrangements resulting from permanent parental separation or divorce on the growth of competence and self-esteem in primary school-aged children. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1999. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50440/.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the effects of different parent residency arrangements resulting from permanent parental separation or divorce on the growth of competence and self-esteem in primary school-aged children. There were a total of 272 participants in the study comprised of 136 single parent children (72 girls and 64 boys) and 136 two parent children matched for age, gender, school year and educational cohort. Participants were drawn from a total of 45 schools, 35 state and 10 private schools. The study employed a matched sample or correlated groups design wherein a sample of non-clinical, single parent children of both genders resident with parents (for a minimum of one year) of both genders, were matched and compared with children from two parent families. The study adopted an ecological approach involving multiple informants (parents and teachers) to generate data about the children’s competence and self-esteem in addition to seeking this information from the children themselves. Data measuring the children’s competence and self-esteem were gathered on a range of dependent measures including the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) (Harter, 1985), the Social Support Scale for Children (Harter, 1985), the Wide Range Achievement Test (Revised) (Jastak, 1984) and the Everyday Household Responsibilities Life Skills Inventory (EHRLSI) (Amato, 1986). Data gathered from teachers about the children were obtained through the Teacher Rating Scale of the SPPC. Parents also completed the Teacher Rating Scale of the SPPC (renamed the Parent Rating Scale), the EHRLSI and the Child Behaviour Checklist /4- 18 (Achenbach, 1991). Comparisons were made between the single and two parent in children using a series of t tests, ANOVAS and correlations. Findings confirmed the contention that when considering competence and self-esteem, single parent children cannot be treated as an homogeneous group. Results showed that overall the single parent children’s scores on the dependent measures were of average to above average levels and that there were very few statistically significant differences between single parent and two parent children on these measures. This study suggested that single parent children are not at risk in terms of their development of competence or their self-esteem as measured by these instruments. It also found that it is not necessarily advantageous for single parent children to raised by a parent of the same gender. Teacher ratings of single parent children’s competence on the SPPC were lower than their ratings of children from two parent families on three of the five specific domains. It is suggested that a “children of divorce” stereotype, whereby knowledge of the child’s family circumstances negatively influences the opinions of the teachers, may be operating. Implications for professionals working with single parent children either as researchers, teachers or mental health professionals, are presented and discussed. The study also has implications for public policy and legal decision making in terms of the application of the “tender years doctrine”. It is concluded that single fathers are equally as capable as single mothers of providing an adequate home environment for raising their children post-separation and divorce and that the tradition of placing children with the mother, based on the concept “in the best interests of the child” needs to be re-assessed in contemporary Australian society.
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Forssell, Anna. "Better safe than sorry? : Quantitative and qualitative aspects of child-father relationship after parental separation in cases involving intimate partner violence." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-49460.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between a child and its parents (caregivers) is essential for the child’s development and well-being. When one of these parents uses violence against the other parent (intimate partner violence, IPV), this will affect the child one way or another: physically, psychologically, cognitively, socially. When two parents separate, the circumstances surrounding contact between the child and its parents change. The aim of this thesis is to analyse – in the context of Swedish parenting ideals and family norms – aspects of children’s relationships (after parental separation) with a father who has used violence against the mother in order to bring forward a foundation to discuss if and under what circumstances a continued contact is in the best interest of the child. The empirical basis for the thesis consists of two different sets of data. The first is qualitative interviews with children living at a women’s shelter (n=10). The second is a subset of data from a large evaluation study investigating support tochildren who had witnessed IPV. The latter material comprises interviews with and psychometric data on 165 mothers and 165 children. Results from the first article show that a majority of the children (75%) had continued contact with their fathers after parental separation, and that even in cases where there were indications of child abuse, about 50% of the children had unsupervised face-to-face contact with their fathers. This high rate can possibly be explained by the assumption (supported in legislation) that children have a need for contact. Further, the second article shows that children with and without contact do not differ in their level of well-being; i.e. contact with a violent father does not have the positive effect on children that has been found in general samples. In the third article, the violent fathers are described by the children as lazy and unreliable. Child–father contact is discussed in terms of why, when and how contact is in the child’s best interest.
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George, Robert H. "Reassessing relocation : a comparative analysis of legal approaches to disputes over family migration after parental separation in England and New Zealand." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e0b7e3d4-f7de-41b4-8215-6a5f00cb733b.
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Relocation cases are disputes between separated parents which arise when one proposes to move to a new locality with their child and the other objects. Relocation disputes are increasingly common and are becoming a topic of international concern. This thesis takes a comparative socio-legal approach to examining the legal responses to relocation cases in England and New Zealand. In England, Payne v Payne [2001] 1 FLR 1052 continues to apply principles first enunciated in Poel v Poel [1970] 1 WLR 1469, and generally sees children’s welfare as being promoted by allowing primary carers to relocate, so long as such moves are bona fide and well-considered. New Zealand rejected this approach in the mid-1990s, and now places more emphasis on children having strong relationships with both parents. Consequently, where England is characterised as ‘pro-relocation’, New Zealand is ‘anti-relocation’. Qualitative interviews with legal practitioners in both countries suggest that these characterisations are reflective of the law in practice. Looking at hypothetical case-studies, English practitioners are more likely to support proposed relocations than New Zealanders. Many English practitioners think their law to be outdated, and in particular that it gives too much weight to applicants’ well-being and too little to the value of children having strong relationships with both parents. However, in New Zealand, where an approach similar to that favoured by many English participants is applied, practitioners have the opposite concern, that applicants’ well-being is given insufficient weight, and promoting strong relationships with both parents has become overly dominant when assessing children’s welfare. It is suggested that the current variation in approaches to relocation may fit broader trends in post-separation parenting in different countries. However, given the current ‘search for common principles’ which can be applied to relocation cases internationally, this thesis raises questions about the likelihood of international agreement being reached.
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Ekroth, Marika, and Liselotte Mässing. "Fortsatt föräldraskap efter separation : Föräldrakurs med fokus på barnet En utvärdering av föräldrars upplevelse med kursen." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-164567.
Full textAbstract:
I föreliggande studie undersöktes om Fortsatt föräldraskap efter separation - Föräldrakurs med fokus på barnet är till nytta för deltagarna i deras föräldraskap och i så fall på vilket sätt. I studien användes en kombination av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder i form av för- och eftermätning, avslutande enkät samt sex djupintervjuer. Undersökningsgruppen bestod av 14 deltagare, 12 kvinnor och 2 män, från två genomförda grupper. Det huvudsakliga resultatet visade att kursen varit till nytta för deltagarna och att de varit nöjda med kursens form och upplägg. Positiva effekter gick att utläsa gällande relationen mellan deltagarna och deras barn samt att de fått ökad kunskap och verktyg för hur de på bra sätt kan samarbeta med barnets andra förälder. Trots att det i föreliggande studie fanns mer att önska när det gäller effektmätning på såväl kort som lång sikt menar författarna att resultatet tyder på att positiva förändringar skett utifrån deltagande i föräldrakursen.The present study investigated whether or not the program Continued Parenting After Separation – A parental program with a focus on the child is beneficial for the participants in their parenting and if so, in what way. The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods in the form of pre- and post-measurement, concluding questionnaire and six in-depth interviews. The reference group consisted of 14 participants, 12 women and 2 men, from two completed programs. The main result showed that the program has been of benefit to the participants and that they have been satisfied with the form and structure of the program. Positive effects could be seen when it came to the relationship with their children. They also reported that they gained increased knowledge and tools for how to cooperate well with the child's other parent. Although greater measurements of the short and long term outcome was desired, the authors conclude that result suggest that positive effect has been achieved through taking part in the program.
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Brown, Amanda J. "Protection from child emotional abuse in family law parenting matters over two regimes of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth): Policy, legislation and judicial reasoning." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/112815/2/Amanda_Brown_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explored whether Australian family law adequately protects emotionally abused children in parenting matters. It explored the nature of child emotional abuse, and analysed two regimes of the Family Law Act 1975 and their political underpinnings. It analysed case law to understand judicial interpretation and application of the law. Applying social science understandings of child emotional abuse, this thesis found Australian family law – as embodied in legislation, case law, and policy - has not adequately dealt with this form of child maltreatment. Findings indicate the need to develop more robust approaches to child emotional abuse in family law matters.
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Villas, Boas Ana Carolina Villares Barral [UNESP]. "Comportamento infantil, separação conjugal e habilidades sociais educativas parentais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97439.
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A literatura sobre a separação conjugal tem documentado uma série de consequências negativas da separação para o desenvolvimento dos filhos, como a emergência de problemas de comportamento. Porém, as pesquisas também evidenciam que nem todas as crianças são igualmente afetadas pela separação dos pais e que não é a separação em si que pode trazer consequências negativas, mas outras variáveis a ela relacionadas, como as práticas educativas parentais. Pesquisadores sugerem que, quando os pais que têm a guarda da criança são capazes de prover um ambiente de cuidado positivo, podem prevenir o surgimento de problemas de comportamento e favorecer o desenvolvimento de um repertório socialmente habilidoso, sugerindo que muito do que a criança aprende está relacionado às habilidades sociais educativas parentais (HSE-P). Esse estudo teve por objetivo: a) descrever o comportamento de filhos de pais separados em idade pré-escolar quanto à existência de problemas de comportamento e de comportamentos socialmente habilidosos; b) descrever as habilidades sociais educativas parentais e investigar possíveis relações com o comportamento infantil; c) caracterizar o relacionamento da família com o pai da criança, após a separação conjugal. Participaram da pesquisa 43 mães separadas com crianças de ambos os sexos (26 meninos e 17 meninas), na faixa etária entre quatro e seis anos. As mães responderam a um Questionário Sociodemográfico...
Studies about marital separation have documented several negative consequences of separation to child's development, such as behavior problems. However, researchers also have found evidence that not all children are affected by parental separation, and that it's not the separation itself that produces deleterious effects, but others variables as parental practices. Researchers suggest that when a custodial parent can provide a positive parenting environment they can prevent behavior problems and contribute to the development of social skills, linking child's behavior to parental social educational skills (HSE-P). The present study aimed to describe preschool children's behavior problems and social skills after theirs parents' separation, maternal HSE-P and its relations to child's behavior, and characterize nonresident fathers' relationship with the family. The sample includec 43 separated mothers and their preschool children aged 4-6. Mothers answered a Social-Demographic Questionnaire, an interview about the HSE-P, and about the relationship with the Ex-Partner, Rutter's ECI A2 and a Social Skills Responses Questionnaire. Results demonstrated that most children presented evidence of behavior problems but also of social skills. Mothers reported the frequent use of coercion to express negative feelings, promote consequences for undesirable behaviors and establish rules to their children, which in turn reacted presenting mostly behaviors problems. Despite coercive interactions, mothers and children also engaged in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Villas, Boas Ana Carolina Villares Barral. "Comportamento infantil, separação conjugal e habilidades sociais educativas parentais /." Bauru : [s.l.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97439.
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Orientador: Alessandra Turini Bolsoni-SilvaBanca: Edna Maria Marturano
Banca: Olga Maria Piazentim Rolim Rodrigues
Resumo: A literatura sobre a separação conjugal tem documentado uma série de consequências negativas da separação para o desenvolvimento dos filhos, como a emergência de problemas de comportamento. Porém, as pesquisas também evidenciam que nem todas as crianças são igualmente afetadas pela separação dos pais e que não é a separação em si que pode trazer consequências negativas, mas outras variáveis a ela relacionadas, como as práticas educativas parentais. Pesquisadores sugerem que, quando os pais que têm a guarda da criança são capazes de prover um ambiente de cuidado positivo, podem prevenir o surgimento de problemas de comportamento e favorecer o desenvolvimento de um repertório socialmente habilidoso, sugerindo que muito do que a criança aprende está relacionado às habilidades sociais educativas parentais (HSE-P). Esse estudo teve por objetivo: a) descrever o comportamento de filhos de pais separados em idade pré-escolar quanto à existência de problemas de comportamento e de comportamentos socialmente habilidosos; b) descrever as habilidades sociais educativas parentais e investigar possíveis relações com o comportamento infantil; c) caracterizar o relacionamento da família com o pai da criança, após a separação conjugal. Participaram da pesquisa 43 mães separadas com crianças de ambos os sexos (26 meninos e 17 meninas), na faixa etária entre quatro e seis anos. As mães responderam a um Questionário Sociodemográfico... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Studies about marital separation have documented several negative consequences of separation to child's development, such as behavior problems. However, researchers also have found evidence that not all children are affected by parental separation, and that it's not the separation itself that produces deleterious effects, but others variables as parental practices. Researchers suggest that when a custodial parent can provide a positive parenting environment they can prevent behavior problems and contribute to the development of social skills, linking child's behavior to parental social educational skills (HSE-P). The present study aimed to describe preschool children's behavior problems and social skills after theirs parents' separation, maternal HSE-P and its relations to child's behavior, and characterize nonresident fathers' relationship with the family. The sample includec 43 separated mothers and their preschool children aged 4-6. Mothers answered a Social-Demographic Questionnaire, an interview about the HSE-P, and about the relationship with the Ex-Partner, Rutter's ECI A2 and a Social Skills Responses Questionnaire. Results demonstrated that most children presented evidence of behavior problems but also of social skills. Mothers reported the frequent use of coercion to express negative feelings, promote consequences for undesirable behaviors and establish rules to their children, which in turn reacted presenting mostly behaviors problems. Despite coercive interactions, mothers and children also engaged in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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BASTIANONI, CHIARA. "Qualità delle Relazioni Familiari e Funzionamento Psicosociale in Adolescenza: il Ruolo della Mentalizzazione Genitoriale in Famiglie Separate e Intatte / Quality of Family Relationships and Psychosocial Functioning during Adolescence: the Role of Parental Mentalization in Separated and Intact Families." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1052889.
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Adolescence represents a transitional period of profound changes at emotional, cognitive, social and behavioral levels, with significant consequences for the overall psychosocial adjustment. Moreover, this phase entails a crisis of conventional family roles, hence requiring a gradual reorganization and redefinition of family relationships. As a matter of fact, during adolescence individuals are driven to seek greater independence, autonomy and differentiation from their primary caregivers, additionally experiencing new attachment relationships. Nevertheless, within this developmental phase parental figures continue to represent a fundamental source of security by offering emotional availability in situations of distress and thus supporting adolescents’ efforts aimed to gain greater autonomy. Starting from these assumptions, and considering the importance of monitoring the adolescence phase not only in terms of presence/absence of clinical symptoms but also looking at adolescents’ perception of wellbeing and satisfaction experienced in different life contexts, the present multi-method, cross-sectional research aimed to explore the possible role played by Parental Reflective Functioning (PRF; Slade, 2005) in influencing adolescents’ psychosocial functioning and quality of family relationships within both intact and separated families.
Given this general objective, the present contribution has been organized in three different chapters focused on specific aims and hypothesis, which also considered different individual and relational outcomes. The sample included 72 family triads (42 intact – 30 separated; N = 216 subjects) composed by mother, father and adolescent child aged 13-19 years (M = 15.54, SD = 1.54, 53% girls). The main results showed that: 1) separated parents reported lower levels of PRF compared to united once, while mothers generally reported higher levels of PRF compared to the paternal figures; 2) parental mentalizing was positively associated with quality of family relationships – in terms of adolescents’ attachment dimensional indexes, family satisfaction and perceived parenting; 3) paternal PRF acted as a moderator in the relation between the specific family organization and family satisfaction reported by adolescents, in other words the association between the presence of separated parents and low family satisfaction was significant only at low levels of paternal PRF. In addition, the psychometric properties of the Reflective Functioning Five-Minute Speech Sample (RF-FMSS; Adkins & Fonagy, 2017) were presented. Within the conclusions section, theoretical and clinical implications have been further discussed.
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Moghaddam, Babak Karamiani. "The relationship between childhood parental separation and paranoid ideation in a non-clinical population of university students : is such paranoia mediated by attachment and self-discrepancies?" Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510523.
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Miller, Phyllis Zajack. "Family members' expectations for involvement with their first year college students." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1086786990.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 84 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-84). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Melo, Ana Katarina Leimig Saraiva de. "Síndrome de alienação parental : um estudo através do olhar de psicólogos e assistentes sociais peritos." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=916.
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A Alienação Parental é percebida como fenômeno que surge no seio de famílias em conflito de guarda, principalmente no âmbito judicial, e que há pouco tempo tornou-se foco de
estudos científicos no campo de atuação da Psicologia, da Psiquiatria e do Direito. Nesse contexto, são necessárias pesquisas e discussões acerca da temática, de forma a contribuir para um maior aprofundamento na prática da Psicologia Clínica, assim como no âmbito do Judiciário, visando aos meios de prevenção e promoção do bem-estar integral da criança e do adolescente vitimados pela Alienação Parental. A presente pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, teve por objetivo compreender as consequências da Síndrome de Alienação
Parental (SAP) no núcleo familiar, através do olhar de profissionais da Psicologia e do Serviço Social que lidam com o tema. O instrumento para a coleta de dados, foi a entrevista
semiestruturada. Participaram da pesquisa três Psicólogos(as), e três Assistentes Sociais peritos, vinculados ao Poder Judiciário de Pernambuco. Os dados foram analisados através
da análise temática descrita por Minayo, possibilitando compreender os significados das falas dos entrevistados, de acordo com os objetivos propostos. Os principais resultados
apontam para uma ação desenvolvida de forma gradativa, por parte dos profissionais, com a finalidade de emitir um parecer que busque esclarecer o contexto familiar em que a criança
está inserida, e que se preocupe com a forma de atuação dos peritos, visando proteger a criança e/ou adolescente das consequências de uma separação mal elaborada.Parental Alienation is a phenomenon that borns within the family when they have any custody conflict, mainly in the judicial sphere, that in a short period became focus of cientific studies in Psychology, Psychiatry and Law. In this context, some searches and discutions about this subject are needed, to contribute to a further deepening in practice of Clinic Psychology as Judicial scope, aiming ways of prevention and promotion of total welfare of childs and teenagers victims of Parental Alienation. This research is qualitative aimed to understand the consequences of Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) in the family, through the eyes of Professional Psychology and Social Work dealing with the subject. The instrument for data collection was a semi-structured interview. Participants were three Psychologists and three Social Service experts, linked to the Judiciary of Pernambuco. The data was analyzed using Minayos thematic, enabling to understand the meaning of speech of interviewees according to the proposed objectives. The main results point to a program developed gradually, by professionals, for the purpose of issuing an opinion that seeks to clarify the family context in which children are inserted, and not worry about the way it operates of experts in order protect the child and / or adolescent from the consequences of a bad breakup elaborate.
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Juška, Mindaugas. "Ar vaiko tėvas, su vaiko mama gyvenantis skyriumi ir neauginanatis vaiko, privalo atsakyti už nepilnamečio vaiko padarytą žalą?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110623_154612-79315.
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Autorius pastebi, kad viena mažiausiai reglamentuotų deliktinės atsakomybės problemų, skyrium gyvenančio tėvo atsakomybės už nepilnamečio vaiko padarytą žalą problema. Būtent šis atvejis teisės aktuose reglamentuojamas mažai, jo taikymas problemiškas, kadangi bet koks sprendimas neišvengiamai gali būti pamatinių teisinės atsakomybės normų pažeidimu. Darbo tyrimui autorius iškelia šį tikslą ir uždavinius:
Darbo objektas – skyrium gyvenančio ir neauginančio vaiko tėvo teisinės atsakomybės ribos.
Hipotezė: Skyrium gyvenantis ir neauginantis vaiko tėvas neprivalo atsakyti už vaiko padarytą žalą..
Darbo tikslas- išanalizuoti skyrium gyvenančio ir vaiko neauginančio tėvo atsakomybės ribas.
Uždaviniai:
a)Išanalizuoti teisines doktrinas, reglamentuojančias tėvų atsakomybės ypatumus bendrosios teisės ir civilinės teisės sistemų valstybėse.
b)Aptarti tėvo pareigą atlyginti vaiko padarytą žalą esant tėvo ir vaiko atskyrimo, tėvų valdžios apribojimo ir separacijos atvejams .
c) Išanalizuoti teisės aktų nuostatas ,įtakojančias skyrium gyvenančio tėvo atsakomybę už nepilnamečio veiksmus.
Aptardamas šią problemą, autorius analizuoja situaciją kitose šalyse .Bandoma nustatyti bendruosius dėsningumus bendrosios bei kontinentinės teisės sistemų valstybėse. Pastebima, kad bendrosios teisės sistemos valstybėse vienareikšmiškai galioja asmeninės atsakomybės principas. Tai yra tėvas kaltas tiek kiek jie tiesiogiai nusižengė ar prisidėjo prie to, kad žala būtų padaryta. Kontinentinės teisės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Parental liability is one of the most problematical aspects of tort liability cases. In most lows in the world is written that both parents are liable for the damages made by their child. There is no information about individual liability of child’s father or mother. Especially this problem becomes important then parents live separately. Then we have a question is child’s father who does not live together with his child liable for the torts and minors made by his child. This problem becomes complicated when father did all he could to help his child to act legally. But on the other hand, if we presume that according these circumstances father is not liable, we can breach victims’ rights. Main rule of civil liability is damages compensation for the victim. This dilemma is important in our days because there is big number of juvenile crimes. Civil liability for juvenile crimes is taken by parents or institution which supervises the juvenile at the time when tort is made. Under these circumstances we need stronger regulation of subjects liability limits. The object of the work is liability limits of father who lives separately and does not take care about this child for the torts made by his child. Hypothesis: Father who lives separately and does not take care about this child is liable for the torts made by his child. Purpose of the work is to analyze the limits of liability of the father who lives separately and does not take care about his child. The following tasks are... [to full text]
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Wan, Yau-fun Ginny. "Family functioning after divorce-separation /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13744914.
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Prigent, Pierre-Guillaume. "Les stratégies des pères violents en contexte de séparation parentale : contrôle coercitif, complicité institutionnelle et résistance des femmes." Thesis, Brest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BRES0102.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les stratégies que les pères violents adoptent en contexte de séparation parentale. À partir d’entretiens réalisés avec une vingtaine de femmes qui se sont séparées d’un conjoint violent avec qui elles ont eu des enfants, nous identifions les tactiques employées par les agresseurs avant, pendant et après la séparation : isolement, privation de ressources, contrôle, intimidation, dévalorisation, confusion, sur-responsabilisation et violence. Ces tactiques se cumulent, se combinent et s’entremêlent dans la stratégie visant à maintenir pouvoir et contrôle sur la femme et les enfants victimes. Les réponses sociales et institutionnelles à la violence peuvent reproduire les tactiques repérées, et relever de complicité avec l’agresseur. L’espace pour l’action des victimes, réduit lors de la relation conjugale puis étendu grâce à la séparation, est de nouveau restreint par le principe de l’autorité parentale conjointe, qui implique un maintien du lien pouvant exposer à de nouvelles violences, et soumettre les victimes à un contrôle de leurs activités quotidiennes par l’agresseur. La résistance des femmes à la violence et au contrôle post-séparation et leurs tentatives de protéger les enfants sont alors considérées comme un obstacle à la coparentalité. Les droits parentaux des victimes peuvent être réduits, voire la résidence des enfants transférée chez l’agresseur. Cette analyse souligne les résistances institutionnelles à la prise en compte des violences conjugales post-séparation dans la parentalitéIn this thesis, we study the strategies that abusive fathers adopt in the context of parental separation. Based on interviews with twenty women who have separated from an abusive partner with whom they had children, we identify the tactics employed by abusers before, during and after separation: isolation, deprivation of resources, control, intimidation, devaluation, confusion, overburden of responsibility and violence. These tactics accumulate, combine and intertwine in the strategy to maintain power and control over the victimised woman and children. Social and institutional responses to violence may replicate the tactics identified, and may involve complicity with the abuser.The space for action of the victims, reduced during the relationship and then extended by the separation, is again restricted by the principle of joint parental authority, which implies maintaining the link that can expose the victims to further violence and subject them to control of their daily activities by the aggressor.Women's resistance to post-separation violence and control and their attempts to protect the children are then seen as an obstacle to co-parenting. Victims' parental rights may be curtailed or the children's residence transferred to the abuser. This analysis highlights the institutional resistance to taking post-separation domestic violence into account in parenting
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Abid, Ahmed, and Ida Mårtensson. "Unga vuxnas erfarenhet av vårdnadstvist i barndomen : En kvalitativ studie kring separationens och vårdnadstvistens inverkan på samlevnadsfrågor." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-27028.
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Uppsatsens övergripande syfte är att undersöka om, och i så fall hur, unga vuxnas erfarenheter av separation och vårdnadstvist mellan föräldrarna under barndomen inverkat när det gäller inställning till samlevnadsfrågor. Mer konkret är avsikten att söka svar på frågor som beaktar principen om barnets bästa, attityder gentemot relationer, separationer och giftermål liksom dagens relation till föräldrarna. Tolkningsramen som användes för att tolka och förstå uppsatsens empiriska material baseras på de inledande bestämmelserna enligt 6 kap. föräldrabalken, några risker med socialarbetarens förhållningssätt, barnets känsla av ansvar, lojalitet och hemlighållande, barnets överlevnadsstrategier och kognitiv dissonansteori. Dessa tolkningsredskap var effektiva för att belysa unga vuxnas erfarenheter från barndomen och deras attityder till samlevnadsfrågor. En kvalitativ metodansats tillämpades för att inhämta det empiriska materialet och fem kvinnliga respondenter intervjuades med hjälp av en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Uppsatsens slutsatser indikerar att principen om barnets bästa inte alltid beaktades för de unga vuxna under barndomen. Deras attityder gentemot relationer, separationer och giftermål präglas av en öppen inställning till olika familjekonstellationer med goda kvalitéer, positiva respektive negativa följder av föräldrarnas separation och uppfattningen om att vilja gifta sig i framtiden. Dagens relation till den ena föräldern har visat sig vara fortsatt god medan relationen till den andra föräldern varierar.The purpose of the essay is to examine whether, and if so how, young adults' experiences of separation and contested custody between parents during childhood influenced their attitudes to coexistence issues. Further, the intention is to seek answers to questions regarding: the best interests of the child, attitudes towards relationships, separation and marriage, as well as the current relationship to the parents. The interpretative framework adopted to interpret and understand the empirical material is based on the initial provisions under chapter 6, some risks with the social workers' approach, the children's sense of responsibility, loyalty and concealment, the child’s survival strategies as well as cognitive dissonance theory. These are considered effective to highlight young adults' experiences in childhood and their attitudes to coexistence issues. A qualitative method was applied to obtain the empirical material. Five female respondents were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The essay’s findings indicate that the principle of the child’s best interests is not always applicable for the young adults during childhood. Their attitude towards relationships, separation and marriage is characterized by an open attitude to different family constellations with good qualities, positive and negative consequences of their parents' separation and a desire to get married in the future. The relationship today remains good with one parent, while the relationship with the other parent differs.
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溫有歡 and Yau-fun Ginny Wan. "Family functioning after divorce-separation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31249565.
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Bárcia, Sónia Cristina da Silva Vicente Cascão. "A massagem no desenvolvimento do bebé e das competências parentais." Doctoral thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1234.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia Aplicada especialidade Psicologia Educacional, apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto universitárioO primeiro ano de parentalidade é um ano de crescimento e de adaptação na vida da mulher. Inerentes a esta fase estão uma série de transformações que terão que ocorrer a vários níveis, para que mãe e bebé aprendam a conhecer-se e a ajustar-se em conjunto. Esta primeira relação servirá de modelo no futuro. Saber identificar as necessidades do bebé e conseguir dar respostas adequadas é o objectivo de qualquer mãe. A relação está assim dependente dos protagonistas do processo, ou seja da mãe, do bebé e ainda do ambiente onde se relacionam. Neste processo vários factores podem contribuir para que a ligação na díade seja vivida de uma forma mais tranquila, entre eles destacamos o papel da massagem no bebé como veículo facilitador da relação. A massagem apresenta benefícios tanto para o bebé como para a mãe, a nível psicológico e fisiológico. Este estudo longitudinal pretendeu avaliar as implicações da massagem do bebé na relação mãe-bebé, desde o final da gravidez até aos 12 meses de vida do bebé. Os parâmetros a medir foram: as atitudes relativas à maternidade através do CAQ-P, a experiência associada à maternidade através do WBPB, o grau de satisfação parental através do PSS, o nível de ansiedade da separação materna através do EASM e o temperamento do bebé através do ICQ. A amostra foi recrutada através das sessões de preparação para o nascimento e em consultórios de obstetrícia. Foi pedido o parecer à comissão de ética e todas as mães assinaram o termo de consentimento informado. Os participantes são 194 díades mãe/ bebé, divididas em dois grupos, no Grupo 1 as mães realizaram massagem aos bebés e no Grupo 2 as mães fizeram parte do grupo de controlo. No grupo 1 a idade média das mães era de 31.3 anos, as habilitações literárias M=15.4, 91.3% das mães eram casadas ou viviam em união de facto e 91.3 % tinha apenas um filho. No grupo 2 a idade média das mães era de 31.7 anos, as habilitações literárias das mães M=15.3, 90.7% das mães eram casadas ou viviam em união de facto e 76.3% tinham apenas um filho. Ao longo do estudo, as mães do grupo da massagem obtiveram melhores resultados na adaptação à maternidade, apresentaram maior confiança nas suas capacidades e tiveram maiores apoios do que as mães do grupo de controlo. As mães do grupo experimental ao serem mais apoiadas e por isso, estando mais confiantes das suas competências, conseguiram relacionar-se melhor com o bebé e classificálo de uma forma mais positiva, do que as mães do grupo de controlo. Este trabalho sugere que as mães que aprendem a realizar a massagem ao bebé apresentam atitudes mais positivas face à maternidade. Este facto potencia o grau de conhecimento, de regulação e proximidade na díade. Estes encontros podem ajudar os casais a desenvolverem estratégias que lhes permitam lidar melhor com a maternidade. ---------- ABSTRACT ---------- The first year of parenthood is a year of growth and adaptation in women's lives. Inherent to this phase are a series of transformations that have to occur at several level so that mother and baby learn to know each other and fit together. This first relationship will be the model in the future. To learn to identify the baby's needs and give appropriate responses is the goal of any parent. The relationship is, therefore, dependent on the intervenients on the process, the mother, the baby and the environment in which they interact. Among the factors that contribute to a more peaceful relationship is the infant massage. The massage has benefits for both the baby and the mother, psychological and physiologically. This is a longitudinal study from late pregnancy until 12 months of a baby's life and aims to assess the implications of infant massage in the mother-baby relationship. The parameters were: attitudes concerning motherhood through CAQ-P, experience associated to motherhood through WBPB, parental satisfaction through PSS, maternal separation anxiety through EASM and temperament of the baby through the ICQ. The sample was recruited among the sessions of prenatal education and obstetric clinics. Ethical committee approval was obtained and informed consent was given to all mothers. Subjects are 194 dyads of mother / baby, divided into two groups: Group 1- mothers that conducted infant massage on their babies and Group 2 - mothers who were part of the control group. The average age of mothers in group 1 was 31.3 years, the educational level M = 15.4, 91.3% of mothers were married or had a stable relationship, 91.3% had only one child. In group 2 the average age of mothers was of 31.7 years, the educational level of mothers M = 15.3, 90.7% of mothers were married or had a stable relationship, 76.3% had only one child. Throughout the study, mothers in the massage group had greater success in adapting to motherhood, had greater confidence in their abilities and had more support than mothers in the control group. Mothers in the experimental group were more supported and therefore more confident in their skills. They were able to relate better with the baby and qualify it more positively than mothers in the control group. This study suggests that mothers who learn how to perform the massage have more positive attitudes towards motherhood. This increases the level of knowledge, regulation and proximity in the dyad. These meetings can help couples developing strategies that enable them to better cope with parenthood.
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Sweeper, Susie, and n/a. "Adult Adjustment to Relationship Separation." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20041012.112619.
Full textAbstract:
Relationship separation is prevalent in Western society and ongoing problems for adults and children are common, resulting in high personal and social costs. A literature review revealed that no existing measure of separation adjustment assessed multiple domains of separation adjustment, and was psychometrically sound. Additionally, a literature review revealed that few studies have investigated change in separation adjustment over time using cognitive predictors. This thesis is a program of research investigating separation adjustment in recently separated adults. Five studies were conducted with three main aims: (1) to develop a multidimensional, psychometrically reliable and valid measure of separation adjustment; (2) to assess the trajectory of separation adjustment over time; and (3) to test the hypothesis that certain cognitive variables predict the trajectory of separation adjustment. A conceptualisation of separation adjustment was developed consisting of the following five domains: Connection to the former partner, loneliness and emotional negativity (referred to as lonely negativity), parenting negotiation, parent-child relationship and general psychological adjustment. The Problems After Separation Test (PAST) was developed to reflect the first four of the five domains. In Study 1, 268 participants separated for up to 18 months, were recruited to assess the factor structure and internal consistency of the PAST. In Study 2, 209 participants were recruited to assess the stability of the factor structure, and temporal stability. In Study 3, participants from Study 2 were used to obtain convergent and divergent validity. The results of the first three studies showed that separation adjustment is a multidimensional construct, and that the PAST is a reliable and valid measure of separation adjustment. Study 4 aimed to assess the trajectory of separation adjustment over a 6 month period using the PAST and another measure of general psychological adjustment. Participants from both Study 1 and 2 were used, and a longitudinal cohort sequential design was employed. The sample consisted of three cohorts: those separated for up to six months, those separated between 6 and 12 months, and those separated between 12 and 18 months. The results showed that connection to the former partner, lonely negativity, and general psychological adjustment improved over time, but parent-child relationships and parenting negotiation were stable, and chronic parenting problems were common. Men showed greater parent-child relationship problems than women, possibly because men were most likely to be the non-resident parent. Participants separating from a de facto relationship reported only slightly more problems on lonely negativity, general psychological distress and parent-child relationships than participants separating from a marriage. Study 4 also provides information on clinical and reliable change, suggested cut-offs that might be used to define normal, moderate and severe adjustment problems, and attrition analyses. Using participants from Study 2, Study 5 aimed to assess cognitive predictors of change on connection to the former partner, lonely negativity and psychological distress. The cognitions assessed at each data collection were dysfunctional attitudes, attachment style, causal attributions, threat appraisal, and self-efficacy. Causal attributions were obtained by asking participants "For three minutes tell my about the problems you had in your relationship and what lead to the separation". The responses were transcribed, a coding manual was devised, and inter-rater reliability of coding was good. Cross-sectionally, the majority of cognitions were associated with one or more domains of separation adjustment, however longitudinally, cognitions did not predict change in separation adjustment over a 6-month period. Cognitions themselves were found to be somewhat variable, which is not surprising given that stressful life events, such as relationship separation would alter cognitions. Other variables that might be responsible for changes in separation adjustment trajectory are discussed. The results of the combined 5 studies have both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, separation adjustment is a construct made up of distinct domains which have different trajectories. Connection, lonely negativity and psychological adjustment generally represent transient problems. Although the current research found that a non-trivial minority of participants continued to show distress on these domains two years post separation. On the other hand, parenting negotiation and the parent-child relationship was a chronic problem for many separated people, particularly men. Practically, the results of the current research suggests that most therapeutic attention should be directed towards improving parenting adjustment post separation. Limitations of the current research and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Sweeper, Susie. "Adult Adjustment to Relationship Separation." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366119.
Full textAbstract:
Relationship separation is prevalent in Western society and ongoing problems for adults and children are common, resulting in high personal and social costs. A literature review revealed that no existing measure of separation adjustment assessed multiple domains of separation adjustment, and was psychometrically sound. Additionally, a literature review revealed that few studies have investigated change in separation adjustment over time using cognitive predictors. This thesis is a program of research investigating separation adjustment in recently separated adults. Five studies were conducted with three main aims: (1) to develop a multidimensional, psychometrically reliable and valid measure of separation adjustment; (2) to assess the trajectory of separation adjustment over time; and (3) to test the hypothesis that certain cognitive variables predict the trajectory of separation adjustment. A conceptualisation of separation adjustment was developed consisting of the following five domains: Connection to the former partner, loneliness and emotional negativity (referred to as lonely negativity), parenting negotiation, parent-child relationship and general psychological adjustment. The Problems After Separation Test (PAST) was developed to reflect the first four of the five domains. In Study 1, 268 participants separated for up to 18 months, were recruited to assess the factor structure and internal consistency of the PAST. In Study 2, 209 participants were recruited to assess the stability of the factor structure, and temporal stability. In Study 3, participants from Study 2 were used to obtain convergent and divergent validity. The results of the first three studies showed that separation adjustment is a multidimensional construct, and that the PAST is a reliable and valid measure of separation adjustment. Study 4 aimed to assess the trajectory of separation adjustment over a 6 month period using the PAST and another measure of general psychological adjustment.
Participants from both Study 1 and 2 were used, and a longitudinal cohort sequential design was employed. The sample consisted of three cohorts: those separated for up to six months, those separated between 6 and 12 months, and those separated between 12 and 18 months. The results showed that connection to the former partner, lonely negativity, and general psychological adjustment improved over time, but parent-child relationships and parenting negotiation were stable, and chronic parenting problems were common. Men showed greater parent-child relationship problems than women, possibly because men were most likely to be the non-resident parent. Participants separating from a de facto relationship reported only slightly more problems on lonely negativity, general psychological distress and parent-child relationships than participants separating from a marriage. Study 4 also provides information on clinical and reliable change, suggested cut-offs that might be used to define normal, moderate and severe adjustment problems, and attrition analyses. Using participants from Study 2, Study 5 aimed to assess cognitive predictors of change on connection to the former partner, lonely negativity and psychological distress. The cognitions assessed at each data collection were dysfunctional attitudes, attachment style, causal attributions, threat appraisal, and self-efficacy. Causal attributions were obtained by asking participants "For three minutes tell my about the problems you had in your relationship and what lead to the separation". The responses were transcribed, a coding manual was devised, and inter-rater reliability of coding was good. Cross-sectionally, the majority of cognitions were associated with one or more domains of separation adjustment, however longitudinally, cognitions did not predict change in separation adjustment over a 6-month period. Cognitions themselves were found to be somewhat variable, which is not surprising given that stressful life events, such as relationship separation would alter cognitions. Other variables that might be responsible for changes in separation adjustment trajectory are discussed. The results of the combined 5 studies have both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, separation adjustment is a construct made up of distinct domains which have different trajectories. Connection, lonely negativity and psychological adjustment generally represent transient problems. Although the current research found that a non-trivial minority of participants continued to show distress on these domains two years post separation. On the other hand, parenting negotiation and the parent-child relationship was a chronic problem for many separated people, particularly men. Practically, the results of the current research suggests that most therapeutic attention should be directed towards improving parenting adjustment post separation. Limitations of the current research and suggestions for future research are discussed.Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
School of Applied Psychology
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