Journal articles on the topic 'Parental behaviours'
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1
Nuntavisit, Leartluk, and Mark Porter. "Mediating Effects of Discipline Approaches on the Relationship between Parental Mental Health and Adolescent Antisocial Behaviours: Retrospective Study of a Multisystemic Therapy Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 13418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013418.
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Poor parental mental health is one of the risk factors for child emotional and behavioural problems because it reduces caregiver’s ability to provide appropriate care for their child. This study aimed to measure changes in parenting factors and adolescent behaviours after Multisystemic Therapy (MST), and to explore the mediating role of discipline approaches on the relationship between parental mental health and adolescent behavioural problems. This retrospective study extracted data collected from 193 families engaged with the MST research program during 2014–2019. Data was collected at different time points (pre-treatment, post-treatment, 6- and 12-months follow-up). Statistically significant changes were found in adolescent behaviours and parenting factors following the MST intervention and these positive changes were maintained over the following 12 months. Results of the parallel multiple mediator model analysis confirmed mediating effects of discipline approaches on the relationship between parental mental health and adolescent’s behavioural problems. The findings suggested that parental mental well-being significantly contributes to effectiveness of parenting, which resulted in positive changes in adolescent’s behavioural problems. It is recommended caregiver’s parental skills and any mental health issues are addressed during the intervention to enhance positive outcomes in adolescent behaviour.
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Das, Nilemesh, and Shuvadip Adhikari. "Study of nesting behaviour of Asian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi (Aves: Passeriformes: Monorchidae) from southern West Bengal, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 6 (April 26, 2019): 13782–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4868.11.6.13782-13785.
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The Asian Paradise Flycatcher has always been a flamboyant passerine to be photographed quite often throughout the Gangetic Bengal in India, but hardly any behavioural documentation is enlisted till date. The nesting behaviour of the subject bird encompassing its parental behaviours was studied on a wetland stretch of Ishapore, southern Gangetic Bengal. The present study mainly deals with the nesting behaviour, incubation activities, hatching, and parental care to fledging of a wild pair. The behavioural changes at par with the changing weather conditions and the neighbouring species too were studied.
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Stallman, Helen M., and Jeneva L. Ohan. "Parenting Style, Parental Adjustment, and Co-Parental Conflict: Differential Predictors of Child Psychosocial Adjustment Following Divorce." Behaviour Change 33, no. 2 (June 2016): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2016.7.
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Parents’ adjustment, co-parenting conflict, and parenting style are often intervention targets for parents following divorce. However, little is known about how these three aspects together relate to child outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine how parent adjustment (distress and anger), parenting conflict, and parenting style (laxness and over-reactivity) predict child internalising, externalising, and prosocial behaviours. Participants were a community sample of 109 divorced parents with a child aged 4–17 years. Results showed that increased parental distress and co-parent conflict predicted increased child emotional and behavioural problems; and increased lax parenting also predicted increased externalising behaviour problems. However, greater prosocial behaviour was predicted only by lower lax parenting. The results highlight the differential impact of parenting factors on child outcomes following divorce and have implications for the content and tailoring of interventions for divorced parents.
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Orri, Massimiliano, Lisa-Christine Girard, Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Alexandra Rouquette, Catherine Herba, Bruno Falissard, Sylvana M. Côté, and Sylvie Berthoz. "Harsh parenting practices mediate the association between parent affective profiles and child adjustment outcomes: Differential associations for mothers and fathers." International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, no. 1 (April 8, 2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025418769376.
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Children’s early emotional environment strongly influences their later behavioural development. Yet, besides maternal depression, limited knowledge exists about the effect of other emotions and the role of fathers. Using 290 triads (mother/father/child), we investigated how positive (SEEKING, CARING, PLAYFULNESS) and negative (FEAR, ANGER, SADNESS) dimensions of mothers’ and fathers’ affectivity relate to their offspring’s externalizing and internalizing behaviours directly as well as indirectly via parenting practices. Parental variables were measured when children were 4 years old and children’s behaviours were measured at 8 years of age. Latent Profile Analysis identified three parental affective profiles: low negative emotions, balanced, and high emotional. Structural equation models showed that, for boys, mothers’ low negative emotions and high emotional profiles predicted later internalizing behaviours (direct effect; β = −0.21 and β = 0.23), while fathers’ low negative emotions profile predicted externalizing behaviours indirectly (β = −0.10). For girls, mothers’ profiles ( low negative emotions and high emotional) predicted both internalizing (β = −0.04 and β = 0.07) and externalizing (β = −0.05 and β = 0.09) behaviours indirectly, but no effects of fathers’ profiles were found. Mothers’ and fathers’ affective profiles contributed to the behavioural development of their offspring in different ways, according to the type of behaviour (internalizing or externalizing) and the child’s sex. These findings may help in tailoring existing parenting interventions on affective profiles, thus enhancing their efficacy.
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Ryan, Jill, Nicolette V. Roman, and Auma Okwany. "The Effects of Parental Monitoring and Communication on Adolescent Substance Use and Risky Sexual Activity: A Systematic Review." Open Family Studies Journal 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874922401507010012.
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Aim: The aim of the systematic study was to determine the effect of parenting practices on adolescent risk behaviours such as substance use and sexual risk behaviour. Method: Quantitative research studies were systematically collected from various databases such as Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE (Pubmed), JSTOR, Project Muse and SAGE for the duration of 2003-2013 which was within the 10 year period of relevant literature to the date of study. Results: Findings established that parental monitoring and communication prevented drug initiation, delayed alcohol initiation, and sexual debut, increased alcohol refusal efficacy, and decreased delinquent behaviour and risk taking behaviours in high risk adolescents. Conclusion: This review shows that parental practices play significant protective and promotive roles in managing adolescent risk behaviours.
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Carbonneau, R., X. Liu, M. Boivin, and R. Tremblay. "Family Characteristics and Children's Preschool Trajectories of Disruptive Behaviours." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70623-6.
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Aim:The aim of this study was to investigate the association between parental characteristics and parental practices and the trajectories of Disruptive Behaviours (DBs) during early childhood.Method:Trajectories of DBs - Hyperactivity, Oppositional behaviour and Physical Aggression - were assessed based on annual mother interviews from 17 to 60 months for a Canadian population-representative birth cohort (N=2057).Results:Frequency of DBs increased from 17 to 41 months and then tended to decline. Parental characteristics and parental practices were both associated with chronic trajectories of DBs.Conclusion:Early childhood is a critical period to prevent later DBs during school years that leads to psychosocial maladjustment during adolescence and adulthood.
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Findlay, Leanne, Rochelle Garner, and Dafna Kohen. "TRAJECTORIES OF PARENTAL MONITORING KNOWLEDGE AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH ADOLESCENTS’ SUBSTANCE USE, POOR ACADEMIC OUTCOMES, AND BEHAVIOUR PROBLEMS." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 4, no. 4 (November 8, 2013): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs44201312694.
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<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Lower levels of perceived parental monitoring knowledge have been associated with various risk behaviours among children and youth. Data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth were used to: 1) identify longitudinal patterns of parental monitoring knowledge through early adolescence; 2) explore associations between these patterns and socio-demographic factors; and 3) examine the association between patterns of parental monitoring knowledge and behavioural and academic outcomes. Results revealed that a 3-group model best represented patterns of parental monitoring knowledge. Socio-demographic factors were found to differentiate membership in these patterns. Findings also suggested that lower levels of perceived parental monitoring knowledge were associated with higher levels of behaviour problems, poorer academic outcomes, and a greater likelihood of substance use.</span></p>
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Orikasa, Chitose. "Neural Contributions of the Hypothalamus to Parental Behaviour." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 6998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136998.
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Parental behaviour is a comprehensive set of neural responses to social cues. The neural circuits that govern parental behaviour reside in several putative nuclei in the brain. Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), a neuromodulator that integrates physiological functions, has been confirmed to be involved in parental behaviour, particularly in crouching behaviour during nursing. Abolishing MCH neurons in innate MCH knockout males promotes infanticide in virgin male mice. To understand the mechanism and function of neural networks underlying parental care and aggression against pups, it is essential to understand the basic organisation and function of the involved nuclei. This review presents newly discovered aspects of neural circuits within the hypothalamus that regulate parental behaviours.
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Middleton, Melissa, Samantha L. Scott, and Kimberly Renk. "Parental depression, parenting behaviours, and behaviour problems in young children." Infant and Child Development 18, no. 4 (July 2009): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/icd.598.
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Nag, Heidi Elisabeth, Lise Beate Hoxmark, and Terje Nærland. "Parental experiences with behavioural problems in Smith–Magenis syndrome: The need for syndrome-specific competence." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities 23, no. 3 (May 2, 2019): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744629519847375.
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The experience of having a rare disorder was summarised in a large study as ‘falling outside the vast field of knowledge of the professionals’. Parents (31 mothers and 17 fathers) of 32 persons with Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS) participated in this study. A phenomenological approach was used to analyse the data into topics and themes. Four themes emerged: behavioural challenges displayed, parents’ strategies for meeting the challenging behaviours, parents’ experiences of their own competence and parents’ experiences of professionals’ competence and understanding regarding children with SMS and their behaviour challenges. We found that parents of children with SMS experience that they are exposed to severe challenging behaviours from their child. The parents believe that they experience more misunderstandings with professionals and that the challenging behaviours increase because there are some specific characteristics of SMS that professionals are not aware of or do not consider in their support services.
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Cunningham, Christopher B., Kathryn VanDenHeuvel, Daven B. Khana, Elizabeth C. McKinney, and Allen J. Moore. "The role of neuropeptide F in a transition to parental care." Biology Letters 12, no. 4 (April 2016): 20160158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0158.
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The genetics of complex social behaviour can be dissected by examining the genetic influences of component pathways, which can be predicted based on expected evolutionary precursors. Here, we examine how gene expression in a pathway that influences the motivation to eat is altered during parental care that involves direct feeding of larvae. We examine the expression of neuropeptide F , and its receptor, in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides , which feeds pre-digested carrion to its begging larvae. We found that the npf receptor was greatly reduced during active care. Our research provides evidence that feeding behaviour was a likely target during the evolution of parental care in N. vespilloides . Moreover, dissecting complex behaviours into ethologically distinct sub-behaviours is a productive way to begin to target the genetic mechanisms involved in the evolution of complex behaviours.
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Seal, Anne M., and Hal Swerissen. "Lectures, Prompts and Contracts to Promote Parental Safety." Behaviour Change 10, no. 2 (June 1993): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900005593.
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This study examined the effectiveness of lectures, prompts, and contracts in promoting maternal safety behaviours. The term maternal safety behaviours refers to any actions that mothers perform which will help prevent injuries to children, such as supervising toddlers near a swimming pool or storing poisons so that they are out of reach. Fifty-six mothers participated in a safety education program in one of four groups: (a) waiting-list control, (b) standard safety lecture, (c) lecture plus prompts (check-list), and (d) lecture plus prompts and contract. The results indicated that while there were no significant differences between groups in mothers' self-reported behaviours 6 to 8 weeks after the intervention, a consistent trend in the predicted direction was found. The results are discussed in relation to the need to develop more effective educational strategies based on behavioural techniques to promote parental safety within a minimal intervention framework.
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Gittins, Catherine B., Maree J. Abbott, and Caroline Hunt. "What Influences Parenting Behaviour? The Role of Parent Self-Concept." Behaviour Change 37, no. 4 (September 25, 2020): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2020.13.
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AbstractParenting has a strong influence on child development. However, there is minimal empirical evidence on why some parents use beneficial techniques, while others use harmful behaviours. Thus, there is a significant gap in the knowledge needed to address problematic parenting. Theories suggest that parental self-concept has a large influence on parenting behaviours. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between parent self-cognitions and parenting behaviours. One-hundred and four mothers of Grade 7 students completed questionnaires measuring their self-esteem, self-criticism, domain-specific self-concept, and parenting behaviours (support, behavioural control, and psychological control). Regression analyses demonstrated that self-cognitions largely predicted psychological control but support or behavioural control did not. These findings suggest that psychologically controlling behaviour in parents may be due to poor self-worth. With psychological control known to deeply damage children, these findings have major implications for interventions targeting harmful parenting.
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Verhaar, Suzanne, Mandy Louise Matthewson, and Caitlin Bentley. "The Impact of Parental Alienating Behaviours on the Mental Health of Adults Alienated in Childhood." Children 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9040475.
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This study qualitatively investigated the mental health of adults exposed to parental alienating behaviours in childhood. Research suggests that exposure to parental alienating behaviours in childhood can have a profound impact on the mental health of those children later in life, including experiencing anxiety disorders and trauma reactions. An international sample of 20 adults exposed to parental alienating behaviours in childhood participated in semi-structured interviews on their experience and its impact. Four themes were identified: mental health difficulties, including anxiety disorders and trauma reactions, emotional pain, addiction and substance use, and coping and resilience. Intergenerational transmission of parental alienation was found. Confusion in understanding their experience of alienation, the mental health sequelae, and elevated levels of suicidal ideation were found. This study demonstrated the insidious nature of parental alienation and parental alienating behaviours and provided further evidence of these behaviours as a form of emotional abuse.
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Palfreyman, Zoe, Emma Haycraft, and Caroline Meyer. "Parental modelling of eating behaviours: Observational validation of the Parental Modelling of Eating Behaviours scale (PARM)." Appetite 86 (March 2015): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.008.
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CHAPPELL, NEENA L., and LAURA FUNK. "Filial responsibility: does it matter for care-giving behaviours?" Ageing and Society 32, no. 7 (October 17, 2011): 1128–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x11000821.
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ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between attitudes of filial responsibility and five different types of care-giving behaviours to parents among three cultural groups. It does so within an assessment of the relative importance of cultural versus structural factors for care-giving behaviours. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 100 Caucasian-Canadians, 90 Chinese-Canadians and 125 Hong Kong-Chinese. Multiple regression analyses assessed the association of cultural and structural factors with behaviours among the total sample and each of the three cultural groups. Limited support was found for an association between care-giving attitudes and care-giving behaviours. Attitudes are related to emotional support only among the two Chinese groups as well as to financial support among Chinese-Canadian respondents and to companionship among Hong Kong-Chinese respondents. Attitudes are not the strongest predictors and are unrelated to assistance with basic and instrumental activities of daily living. However, cultural group per se is a strong predictor of care-giving behaviours as are: parental ill health, living arrangements, and relationship quality. This study suggests gerontological assumptions about the role of societal norms and personal attitudes in parental care-giving should be questioned. It also suggests the need for further inquiry into unpacking those aspects of ‘cultural group’ that are related to behavioural differences, and the importance of examining multiple types of care-giving behaviours and of distinguishing task-oriented helping behaviour from other types of assistance.
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Moeller, Jeremy D., Erica D. Culler, Mallori D. Hamilton, Keith R. Aronson, and Daniel F. Perkins. "The effects of military-connected parental absence on the behavioural and academic functioning of children: a literature review." Journal of Children's Services 10, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-05-2015-0017.
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Purpose – Military-connected students experience a high rate of parental absence due to their parents’ military obligations. Military work-related parental absences can affect school-aged children’s emotional and behavioural health and overall academic functioning. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – The current review identified research studies that explored the effects of military-connected parental absence on school-aged children. Specifically, quantitative and qualitative research studies that examine the impact of military parental absences on dependent variables related to internalising and externalising behaviours and academic functioning were of interest. In all, 26 studies were identified for inclusion in the review. Findings – Overall, military-connected students who experience a parental absence due to military service are more likely to exhibit an increase in problem behaviours and a decrease in academic functioning compared to civilian peers or military-connected peers who were not experiencing parental absence. Originality/value – The current review elucidates parental absence within the military context, highlighting key factors that may contribute to increased and decreased behavioural and academic functioning of military-connected students. Results from the review in relation to risk and protective factors for military-connected students, future research and school programming directions are discussed.
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Glozah, Franklin N., and David J. Pevalin. "Perceived social support and parental education as determinants of adolescents’ physical activity and eating behaviour: a cross-sectional survey." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 27, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0019.
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Abstract Purpose: To examine the role of perceived social support and parental education on physical activity and eating behaviour of Ghanaian adolescents. Methods: Seven hundred and seventy Senior High School students (504 boys and 266 girls) between the ages of 14–21 years participated by completing questionnaires on perceived social support, physical activity and eating behaviour. The highest education attained by either parent or guardian was also obtained. Multivariate analysis of covariance was the main statistical test used to analyse the data. Results: The results showed significant gender differences in physical activity and eating behaviour combined, with boys more likely to engage in physical activity than girls, and girls also more likely to engage in healthy eating behaviour than boys, albeit the effect was not statistically significant. While perceived social support had a significant positive effect on eating behaviour and physical activity, parental education had a significant effect only on eating behaviour but not physical activity. Conclusion: Perceived social support from family coupled with parental education provides more opportunities for adolescents to engage in healthy eating behaviour. Also, parents’ educational attainment alone does not necessarily guarantee that adolescents will engage in physical activity; providing the needed social support and conducive home environment is more likely to induce physical activity behaviours. Finally, physical activity and eating behaviour should not be construed as alternative health behaviours as suggested by gender differentials in these health behaviours.
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Combe, Katherine L. "Empathy and prosocial behaviour in early childhood: A review." Journal of Health Visiting 9, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/johv.2021.9.9.380.
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The ability to empathise and understand others' emotions has been shown to have an impact on social interactions and prosocial behaviours. The objective of this review was to exploring the effect of parental empathy on the development of early childhood empathy and prosocial development. Seven databases were searched, including Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. A quality assessment rating showed studies relatively strong in methodology. The findings highlighted the association between empathetic parenting and the development of prosocial behaviour and empathy in early childhood. Research concluded that the quality of parental empathy was important alongside the increasing age of the child. Clinical studies would aid understanding into parental empathy, child empathy and prosocial behaviours.
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van Aken, C., M. Junger, M. Verhoeven, M. A. G. van Aken, M. Deković, and J. J. A. Denissen. "Parental personality, parenting and toddlers' externalising behaviours." European Journal of Personality 21, no. 8 (December 2007): 993–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.643.
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This study examined the mediating role of parenting on the relation between parental personality and toddlers' externalising behaviours. Participants were 112 boys and their parents. The data were analysed using multilevel modelling and moderated mediation analyses. Several associations were found between parental personality and parenting dimensions. Additionally, several parenting dimensions were associated with children's externalising behaviours. Emotional stability was the only parental personality trait that was related to children's externalising behaviours. The effect of maternal emotional stability on children's aggressive behaviours appeared to be mediated by maternal support. For fathers, there appeared to be a direct effect of emotional stability on children's aggressive behaviours. In addition, for both mothers and fathers, emotional stability was directly related to children's attention problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Campbell, Colin, Jeffrey Derevensky, Eric Meerkamper, and Joanna Cutajar. "Parents' Perceptions of Adolescent Gambling: A Canadian National Study." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 25 (June 1, 2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2011.25.4.
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Previous unsubstantiated reports by children and adolescents suggest tacit parental acceptance of their gambling behaviour. A Canadian national survey of parents with teens between the ages of 13 and 18 revealed that in general parents view adolescent gambling as a relatively unimportant issue compared to other potentially risky behaviours. Parental attitudes toward youth gambling, their knowledge and awareness of youth gambling prevention programs, and their gambling behaviours with their children suggest that gambling has become normalized, with few parents being aware of the potential seriousness of youth gambling. The results are interpreted with the aim of improving harm minimization and prevention initiatives.
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Šimunović, Mara, Iva Šverko, and Toni Babarović. "Parental career-specific behaviours and adolescent career adaptability." Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling 45, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20856/jnicec.4506.
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Parents are a major influence on adolescents' career development. However, past studies have mostly explored general rather than career-specific parenting aspects. According to Dietrich and Kracke (2009) parental support, parental interference, and lack of parental career engagement are basic dimensions of career-specific parental behaviours. This study examined the relationship between these parental behaviours and career adaptability in a sample of high school students (N = 197; Mage = 16.79). The data were collected in a group online testing. Student career adaptability was measured with the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (Savickas & Porfeli, 2012) and parental career-specific behaviours were measured by the scale developed by Dietrich and Kracke (2009). Parental support emerged as the most important positive predictor of career adaptability since it predicted both global career adaptability and separate dimensions. Parental interference negatively predicted career control, career confidence, and overall career adaptability but only when parents' career engagement was higher. The results point out that in understanding parental influences in students' career development it is important to consider different parenting practices and also examine separate students' career adaptability resources. Parents should be helped to recognise their career-related parenting practices and to understand the potential of these behaviours in facilitating their children's career adaptability. Special counselling interventions should be provided for students who perceive that their parents are not providing enough career-related support.
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Wambugu, Isabel, and Jane Karimi. "Influence of Parental Behavior on Antisocial Behavior of Secondary School Students in Tetu Sub-County, Nyeri County, Kenya." Journal of Advanced Psychology 4, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/japsy.791.
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Purpose: Research on modelling has shown that when parents are held in high esteem and are the main source of reinforcement, their child or children is/are more likely to model their behaviours. If a parent acts in a negative way, the child is more likely to emulate the negative behaviour. This study therefore aimed at investigating the influence of parental behaviour on the antisocial behaviour of students in Tetu Sub County, Nyeri County Kenya.
Theoretical framework and Methodology: The study was guided by Bronfenbrenner ecological systems theory and fifth stage of psycho -social theory, further, the study adopted descriptive survey design. The target population was 2840 form four students. Proportionate and simple random sampling were used to select a sample of 352 students; one deputy principle and one teacher counsellor from all the sampled schools were also included in the study. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data. Test retest method was applied to test the reliability of the instruments while expert judgement was sought to ascertain the validity of the instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse quantitative data with Pearson correlation testing the hypothesis for any relationship.
Findings and Recommendation: From the quantitative analysis, the r (0.09) value is greater than zero thus indicating significant correlation between parental behaviour and antisocial behaviour of students in Tetu Sub County, Nyeri County –Kenya. Based on these findings, parental behaviour such as the use of drug abuse, alcohol abuse, parents being kind, attentive and caring to their children, parents offering guidance and counselling, absent parents due to business, and parents being single/separated or divorced had influence on antisocial behaviour among secondary school students. Qualitative analysis from interview schedules is in agreement with the quantitative analysis where the deputy teachers and teacher counsellors indicated that parental behaviours influence antisocial behaviours of students.
Contributions to theory, practice and policy: Most parents may not be aware of the influence of their behaviours on the behaviour of their children, thus programmes to sensitize parents needs to be organised by ministry of education and respective schools. It is recommended that all stakeholders in education formulate a policy that governs parenting process at different stages of child development. Other factors such as economic problems, maternal depression, stress and domestic violence can lead to antisocial behaviours, there is need to develop strategies that will help parents to create a conducive environment for themselves and the children
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Isles, Anthony R., William Davies, and Lawrence S. Wilkinson. "Genomic imprinting and the social brain." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1476 (November 3, 2006): 2229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1942.
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Genomic imprinting refers to the parent-of-origin-specific epigenetic marking of a number of genes. This epigenetic mark leads to a bias in expression between maternally and paternally inherited imprinted genes, that in some cases results in monoallelic expression from one parental allele. Genomic imprinting is often thought to have evolved as a consequence of the intragenomic conflict between the parental alleles that occurs whenever there is an asymmetry of relatedness. The two main examples of asymmetry of relatedness are when there is partiality of parental investment in offspring (as is the case for placental mammals, where there is also the possibility of extended postnatal care by one parent), and in social groups where there is a sex-biased dispersal. From this evolutionary starting point, it is predicted that, at the behavioural level, imprinted genes will influence what can broadly be termed bonding and social behaviour. We examine the animal and human literature for examples of imprinted genes mediating these behaviours, and divide them into two general classes. Firstly, mother–offspring interactions (suckling, attachment and maternal behaviours) that are predicted to occur when partiality in parental investment in early postnatal offspring occurs; and secondly, adult social interactions, when there is an asymmetry of relatedness in social groups. Finally, we return to the evolutionary theory and examine whether there is a pattern of behavioural functions mediated by imprinted genes emerging from the limited data, and also whether any tangible predictions can be made with regards to the direction of action of genes of maternal or paternal origin.
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Kovács, Klára, Karolina Eszter Kovács, Katinka Bacskai, Zsolt Békési, Ádám József Oláh, and Gabriella Pusztai. "The Effects and Types of Parental Involvement in School-Based Sport and Health Programs Still Represent a Knowledge Gap: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 12859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912859.
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Background: Health-related behaviours and attitudes acquired in childhood significantly shape health behaviours in adulthood and play an important role in preventing children from becoming overweight. Interventions incorporating parental involvement can provide outstanding support in shaping a child’s health-related behaviour. However, parental involvement has not been investigated from the perspective of efficacy except for obesity. Therefore, this systematic review investigates school-based physical activity intervention programmes incorporating parental involvement. We aim to explore the impact of these programmes and the parental involvement they provide on behaviours that influence child health, which are essential for preventing children and adults from becoming overweight and promoting health-conscious lifestyles. Methods: This systematic literature review follows PRISMA guidelines. The EBSCO Discovery Service Search Engine was used for searching for literature. Papers included met the following inclusion criteria: (1) reported original, empirical research or systematic review published in a peer-reviewed journal; (2) primary or secondary school age (6–18 years) as the target population; (3) examined school-based sport or health prevention and intervention programs; (4) only healthy children and youth in the indicated age group; (5) school-based prevention or intervention program; (6) examines parental involvement; (7) in the English language, and (8) in disciplines of education, psychology, social work, sociology, social sciences and humanities. Results: An extremely limited number of interventions of sufficient quality address the role of parental involvement (N = 17). The forms of parental involvement show a huge variety, ranging from leaflets, home packs, sports organisations “forced” by the pandemic, parent meetings, programmes, courses, and school programmes with diverse children over several months (cooking together, gardening, playing sports together, etc.). Therefore, it is difficult to measure their effectiveness and impact. Conclusions: The impact of parental involvement on children’s health behaviour, especially physical activity and nutrition, as two of the most important factors in preventing them from becoming overweight, are unclear, and other correlations, e.g., academic achievement, are scarce.
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Devi, K. Sobita. "Parental disciplining and children behaviours: A review." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19, no. 2 (2014): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-19252025.
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Banaei, Sepideh Taghizad, Akram Peyman, and Mohammad Eslami Vaghar. "PARENTAL NUTRITION MODEL AND CHILDREN’S NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIOURS." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 7, no. 43 (October 22, 2018): 4599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2018/1026.
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Panumaporn, Jidapa, Sirichai Hongsanguansri, Wanlop Atsariyasing, and Komsan Kiatrungrit. "Bystanders’ behaviours and associated factors in cyberbullying." General Psychiatry 33, no. 3 (May 2020): e100187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2019-100187.
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BackgroundCyberbullying is presently an alarming problem worldwide due to its impact on the emotions, behaviour and psychological well-being of not only the victims, but the bullies themselves and also bystanders.AimThis study aims to investigate bystanders’ behaviours in cyberbullying and associated factors.MethodsThis research is a cross-sectional study of 578 secondary school students in Bangkok, Thailand. Simple random sampling was used to select four secondary schools. Data were collected through online questionnaires which included four sections: (1) demographic data, (2) bystanders’ behaviour in cyberbullying (cyberbullying experience and attitude towards cyberbullying were included in this section), (3) parental attachment (Inventory of Parent Attachment-Revised), and (4) self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale-Revised).ResultsIt was found that most occurrences of bystanders’ behaviour were: (a) willing to intervene or help victims (34.6%), (b) ignoring the cyberbullying (28%) or (c) partaking in cyberbullying (26.3%). Participants who either were victims of cyberbullying or knew of cyberbullying happening to friends or relatives and had high parental attachment would intervene more than those who never had such experiences. Participants who knew of cyberbullying happening to the general public had tendencies towards ignoring the cyberbullying. Participants who indicated they were bullies and had positive attitude towards joining in tended to partake in the cyberbullying more than those who were not.ConclusionFactors relating to the behaviours of bystanders in cyberbullying should be further explored to provide support in the discouragement of ignoring and averting participation in cyberbullying. Secure parental attachment is one important factor that should be instilled during childhood years.
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Zhang, Ting, Li Cai, Jin Jing, Lu Ma, Jun Ma, and Yajun Chen. "Parental perception of child weight and its association with weight-related parenting behaviours and child behaviours: a Chinese national study." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 9 (March 7, 2018): 1671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001800006x.
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AbstractObjectiveParents commonly fail to correctly recognize the weight status of their child. Whether parental perception of child weight is associated with weight-related parenting behaviours and child behaviours is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of parental perception of child weight and its associations with weight-related parenting behaviours and child behaviours in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSeven provinces in China.SubjectsA total of 47 417 children aged 6–17 years and their parents were included from a national survey in 2013. Parental perception of child weight, weight-related parenting behaviours and child behaviours were self-reported. Child’s weight and height were objectively measured.ResultsA total of 30·5 % of parents underestimated and 8·7 % overestimated the child’s weight. Parental underestimation was more common among younger children, boys and children with a lower BMI Z-score. Parents who perceived that their child had a healthy weight (accurately or inaccurately) were more likely to prepare breakfast for the child, exercise with him/her, set apart his/her exercise time, restrict his/her screen time, and were less likely to store soft drinks for the child. Children perceived to have a healthy weight, regardless of their actual weight status, behaved healthier on dietary intake, physical activity and homework time.ConclusionsParental underestimation of their child’s weight was prominent in China, especially among younger children, boys and children with a lower BMI Z-score. Parental recognition of their child being overweight did not appear to translate into healthy changes in weight-related parenting behaviours or child behaviours.
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Finkenauer, Catrin, Rutger C. M. E. Engels, and Roy F. Baumeister. "Parenting behaviour and adolescent behavioural and emotional problems: The role of self-control." International Journal of Behavioral Development 29, no. 1 (January 2005): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000333.
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Cross-sectional data from 1359 boys and girls aged 10–14 years investigated whether parenting behaviours are directly or indirectly (through building self-control) associated with emotional (depression, stress, low self-esteem) and behavioural (delinquency, aggression) problems among adolescents. Replicating existing findings, both types of problems were directly, negatively related to adaptive parenting behaviour (high parental acceptance, strict control and monitoring, and little use of manipulative psychological control). Extending existing findings, self-control partially mediated the link between parenting behaviour and adolescent emotional and behavioural problems. Contrary to earlier suggestions, there was no sign that high self-control was associated with drawbacks or increased risk of psychosocial problems.
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Costa, Silvia, Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon, Eleanor Winpenny, Veronica Phillips, and Jean Adams. "Relationship Between Early Childhood Non-Parental Childcare and Diet, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 4652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234652.
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The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is a global public health concern. Evidence suggests that exposure to non-parental childcare before age six years is associated with development of obesity, diet, and activity behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep). However, findings are inconsistent and mostly from cross-sectional studies, making it difficult to identify the direction of causation in associations. This review identified and synthesised the published research on longitudinal associations between non-parental childcare during early childhood, diet, and activity behaviours. Seven databases were searched, and results were independently double-screened through title/abstract and full-text stages. Included studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Of the 18,793 references screened, 13 met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. These presented results on 89 tested childcare/outcome associations, 63 testing diet outcomes (59% null, remainder mixed), and 26 testing activity behaviour outcomes (85% null, remainder mixed). The scarce available literature indicates little and mixed evidence of a longitudinal association. This reflects a paucity of research, rather than clear evidence of no effect. There is an urgent need for studies investigating the longitudinal associations of non-parental childcare on diet and activity behaviours to assess potential lasting effects and mechanisms; whether and how effects vary by provider; and differences by intensity, duration, and population sub-groups.
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Fergusson, D. M., M. T. Lynskey, and L. J. Horwood. "Conduct Problems and Attention Deficit Behaviour in Middle Childhood and Cannabis Use by Age 15." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 27, no. 4 (December 1993): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679309075830.
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The relationship between conduct problems and attention deficit behaviours at ages 6,8,10 and 12 years and the early onset of cannabis usage by the age of 15 years was studied in a birth cohort of New Zealand children. The analysis showed that while conduct problems during middle childhood were significantly associated with later cannabis use (p<0.05) there was no association between early attention deficit behaviours and cannabis use (p>0.40) when the associations between conduct problems and attention deficit behaviours were taken into account. It was estimated that children who showed tendencies to conduct disorder behaviour in middle childhood were between 2.1 to 2.7 times more likely to engage in early cannabis use than children not prone to conduct problems even when a range of factors including family social background, parental separation and parental conflict were taken into account. It is concluded that early conduct disorder behaviours are a risk factor for later cannabis use when due allowance is made for social and contextual factors associated with both early conduct problems and later cannabis use.
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Alshammari, Abdullah S., Bettina F. Piko, Tamás Berki, and Kevin M. Fitzpatrick. "Social Differences in Health Behaviours among Jordanian Adolescents." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 12, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12080083.
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Social differences are evident in both developed and developing countries. During adolescence, there are limited differences in morbidity and mortality, but differences do appear in terms of health behaviours. This study aims to examine the relationship(s) between social differences and students’ health behaviours. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 with a sample of high school students (N = 2741, aged 13–18 years) in Jordan. Besides descriptive statistics, bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to detect the odds risk for each social difference indicator. Females were engaged in more healthy dietary and hygienic behaviours and less engaged in smoking. Males were more physically active. Adolescents with a higher parental education level were more engaged in healthy behaviours; however, they drank carbonated soft drinks and ate fast food more often. Higher SES (socioeconomic status) self-evaluation was positively associated with eating breakfast and fruit and vegetables, being physically active, drinking carbonated soft drinks, eating fast food, and smoking. Our findings suggest that socioeconomic differences are important to understanding Jordanian adolescents’ health behaviours. While females tend to engage in more healthy behaviours, the role of parental education and perceived family affluence is not always beneficial in terms of adolescents’ dietary habits, hygienic behaviour, or smoking.
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Hops, Hyman. "Parental Depression and Child Behaviour Problems: Implications for Behavioural Family Intervention." Behaviour Change 9, no. 3 (September 1992): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900006276.
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This report explores the role of parental depression in the adjustment of children and discusses its implications for behavioural family intervention. Within a social interactional perspective, depression is conceptualised as a class of behaviours that is under the control of the social environment and at the same time operates as a context for other social agents. The presence of this class of behaviours in parents is postulated to precipitate developmentally determined psychological problems, that is based on a child's age and sex, such that younger boys and adolescent girls would be most at risk. The results of two longitudinal studies are presented showing a significant relation between fluctuations in mothers' depressive symptoms and similar symptoms in their adolescent daughters. Weaker effects are seen between fathers' and sons' depressive levels. The implications for behavioural family therapy are discussed in relation to depression in adolescent girls.
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Pape, S. E., and M. P. Collins. "A systematic literature review of parenting behaviours exhibited by anxious people." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71881-8.
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IntroductionResearch shows anxiety clustering within families: a greater proportion of children with anxious parents develop symptoms of anxiety than children with non-anxious parents. Anxious children often describe their parents as over-controlling and intrusive, lacking in affection and warmth, with reports of decreased parental support.Objectives(1)to identify if parenting behaviors differ between anxious and non-anxious parents,(2)to discuss if these differences in behaviors can contribute to transgenerational transmission of anxiety.AimsIdentifying whether behaviour modification could reduce familial transmission rates of anxiety.MethodA search of OvidSP Medline, Google Scholar, and PubMed was performed, covering 1999 to 2010. Search terms used were: parenting, parents, maternal, paternal, or parental; and anxiety, PTSD, OCD, panic disorder, or phobia. 14 Papers were identified.ResultsWhile most papers identified differences in parenting between anxious and control parents, the conclusions were variable. Two observed increased amounts of controlling behaviour, 5 a decrease in sensitivity, 1 witnessed exageration of behaviours, and 5 a decrease in granting of autonomy or increased protectiveness.ConclusionThe most supported differences in anxious parenting are less granting of autonomy, and lower levels of sensitivity. Whilst in isolation they cannot explain how anxiety is transmitted, and appear to be reciprocally related to child anxiety and temperament, they give grounds for further research. In particular this review identifies the need to study the above behavioral components in longitudinal studies, to observe causal effects between parent behavior and child anxiety.
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Markie-Dadds, Carol, and Matthew R. Sanders. "Self-Directed Triple P (Positive Parenting Program) for Mothers with Children at-Risk of Developing Conduct Problems." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, no. 3 (March 27, 2006): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465806002797.
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A self-directed variant of the Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) was evaluated using 63 preschool-age children at-risk of developing conduct problems. Families were randomly assigned to either Self-directed Triple P (SD), a self-administered behavioural family intervention program, or a waitlist group (WL). The 10-unit SD program teaches parents 17 parenting skills to increase pro-social child behaviours and decrease problem behaviours in home and community settings. Using mothers' reports of child behaviour and parenting practices, mothers in the SD group reported significantly less child behaviour problems, less use of dysfunctional discipline strategies, and greater parenting competence than mothers in the WL group. On measures of parental adjustment, there was no significant difference in conditions at post-intervention based on mothers' reports of depression, anxiety, stress and conflict with partners over parenting issues. Mothers' reports at 6-month follow-up indicated that gains in child behaviour and parenting practices achieved at post-intervention were maintained.
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Holmes, Hilary, Nicolas Darmanthe, Kevin Tee, and Margaret Goodchild. "Adverse childhood experiences—household stressors and children’s mental health: a single centre retrospective review." BMJ Paediatrics Open 5, no. 1 (August 2021): e001209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001209.
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ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of reported ‘household stressor’ adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in families of children presenting with neurodevelopmental, behavioural or emotional difficulties and to determine whether family vulnerabilities, individually or cumulatively, were associated with particular clinical symptomatology.DesignRetrospective chart review followed by statistical analysis of family stressors and clinical symptomatology.SettingA community paediatric clinic in Australia.ParticipantsAll 267 children who attended an initial paediatric appointment during 2018.Results162 (60.7%) children had been exposed to one or more household stressor ACEs, including 116 (43.4%) children exposed to parental mental illness. Behavioural disturbance occurred in 144 (53.9%) children and externalising behaviours (other than attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) were more frequent than internalising behaviours. Externalising and internalising behaviours were associated with individual and cumulative household stressor ACEs. Most other symptomatology apart from genetic/neurological conditions, autistic symptoms and some developmental delays appeared to be partially associated with ACEs.ConclusionHousehold stressor ACEs were common, frequently occurred concurrently, and were associated with much of the symptomatology, in this cohort. Parental mental illness was the most prevalent stressor and behavioural disturbance the most prevalent symptomatology. These findings may have implications for clinical practice and service provision.
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Ashbrook, David G., Naorin Sharmin, and Reinmar Hager. "Offspring genes indirectly influence sibling and maternal behavioural strategies over resource share." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1863 (September 27, 2017): 20171059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1059.
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Family members show behavioural strategies predicted to maximize individual fitness. These behaviours depend directly on genes expressed in focal individuals but also indirectly on genes expressed in other family members. However, how sibling and parental behavioural strategies are modified by genes expressed in family members, and to what degree, remains unclear. To answer this question, we have used a split litter design in an experimental population of genetically variable mouse families, and identified loci that indirectly affected sibling and maternal behaviour simultaneously. These loci map to genomic regions that also show a direct effect on offspring behaviour. Directly and indirectly affected traits were significantly correlated at the phenotypic level, illustrating how indirect effects are caused. Genetic variants in offspring that influence solicitation also impacted their siblings' and maternal behaviour. However, in contrast to predictions from sibling competition, unrelated litter mates benefited from increased solicitation. Overall, such indirect genetic effects explained a large proportion of variation seen in behaviours, with candidate genes involved in metabolism to neuronal development. These results reveal that we need to view behavioural strategies as the result of conjoint selection on genetic variation in all interacting family members.
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Karmali, Shazya, Danielle S. Battram, Shauna M. Burke, Anita Cramp, Andrew M. Johnson, Tara Mantler, Don Morrow, et al. "Perspectives and Impact of a Parent-Child Intervention on Dietary Intake and Physical Activity Behaviours, Parental Motivation, and Parental Body Composition: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 6822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186822.
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Adults and children in Canada are not meeting physical activity guidelines nor consuming sufficient nutrient-rich foods. High engagement in these unhealthy behaviours can lead to obesity and its associated diseases. Parent-child interventions aimed at obesity prevention/treatment have assisted families with making positive changes to their nutrition and physical activity behaviours. Given that the home environment shapes early health behaviours, it is important to target both parents and children when addressing diet and physical activity. One method that has been shown to improve health outcomes is co-active coaching. The current study explored the impact of a three-month co-active coaching and/or health education intervention on the dietary intake and physical activity behaviours of parents with overweight/obesity and their children (ages 2.5–10; of any weight). Body composition (i.e., body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference), changes in parental motivation with respect to physical activity and dietary behaviours, and parental perceptions of program improvements were collected. A concurrent mixed methods study comprised of a randomized controlled trial and a descriptive qualitative design was utilized. Fifty parent-child dyads were recruited and randomly assigned to the control (n = 25) or intervention (n = 25) group. Assessments were completed at baseline, mid-intervention (six weeks), post-intervention (three months), and six-month follow-up. A linear mixed effects model was utilized for quantitative analysis. Inductive content analysis was used to extract themes from parent interviews. No significant results were observed over time for the dependent measures. Parents in both control and intervention groups reported varied program experiences, including developing changes in perspective, increased awareness of habits, and heightened accountability for making positive changes in themselves, and consequently, their families. Parents also shared barriers they faced when implementing changes (e.g., time, weather, stress). Qualitatively, both groups reported benefitting from this program, with the intervention group describing salient benefits from engaging in coaching. This research expands on the utility of coaching as a method for behaviour change, when compared to education only, in parents with overweight/obesity and their children.
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Potts, G. W., M. H. A. Keenleyside, and J. M. Edwards. "The effect of silt on the parental behaviour of the sea stickleback, Spinachia spinachia." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 68, no. 2 (May 1988): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400052188.
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The sea stickleback, Spinachia spinachia, lives in shallow coastal and estuarine waters where the male builds a nest and undergoes a protracted period of parental care. The accumulation of silt in the nest has been suggested as one of the environmental factors that regulate nest-directed activities during the parental phase. Experiments have quantified the behaviour of the male fish before and after the application of silt to the nest and shown that some behaviours are affected. The fanning activity, attendance at the nest and other nest-directed activities were examined and it was found that nest inspection and nest pushing increased significantly following the application of silt. Fanning activity, a major part of the parental behaviour of the sticklebacks, was unaffected by the experimental treatment and seems to be unresponsive to environmental changes. The results are discussed in relation to the functional significance of parental behaviour, and compared with a closely related species.
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Uggla, Caroline, and Ruth Mace. "Parental investment in child health in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-national study of health-seeking behaviour." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 2 (February 2016): 150460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150460.
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Parents face trade-offs between investing in child health and other fitness enhancing activities. In humans, parental investment theory has mostly been examined through the analysis of differential child outcomes, with less emphasis on the actions parents take to further a particular offspring’s condition. Here, we make use of household data on health-seeking for children in a high mortality context where such behaviours are crucial for offspring survival. Using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 17 sub-Saharan African countries, we examine whether maternal factors (age, health, marital status) and child factors (birth order, health, sex, age) independently influence parental investment in health-seeking behaviours: two preventative behaviours (malaria net use and immunization) and two curative ones (treating fever and diarrhoea). Results indicate that children with lower birth order, older mothers and mothers with better health status have higher odds of investment. The effects of a child’s sex and health status and whether the mother is polygynously married vary depending on the type of health-seeking behaviour (preventative versus curative). We discuss how these results square with predictions from parental investment theory pertaining to the state of mothers and children, and reflect on some potential mechanisms and directions for future research.
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Hagekull, Bent, and Gunilla Bohlin. "Behavioural Problems and Competences in 4-year-olds: Dimensions and Relationships." International Journal of Behavioral Development 17, no. 2 (June 1994): 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549401700205.
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The study explored the dimensionality of parental ratings of positive and negative aspects of behaviour in a sample of 4-year-olds (n = 377). The children were described using the Preschool Behaviour Questionnaire (PBQ) with items added to include ego strength/effectance and social competence. Factor analytic results showed a 2-factor structure in the PBQ behaviour problem area: factor 1 describing externalised conduct behaviour problems; and factor 2 encompassing the internalised anxious-fearful problems. Factor analysis of both positive and negative behavioural aspects yielded a 3-factor structure with externalised problem behaviours as the first factor, a second broad social inhibition factor, and an ego strength/effectance factor. Correlations showed a low positive relationship between the two problem areas; a stronger relationship was found between the positive aspects, peer competence, and ego strength/effectance. There was a weak significant negative correlation between peer competence behaviours and outgoing conduct problems. Peer competence was more strongly negatively related to anxiousfearful behaviour problems. Conceptual and methodological aspects were discussed and the results were related to the inhibition-disinhibition construct in temperament research.
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Hayes, Louise, Alan Hudson, and Jan Matthews. "Parental Monitoring: A Process Model of Parent-Adolescent Interaction." Behaviour Change 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.20.1.13.24844.
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AbstractEmpirical evidence supports parental monitoring as a moderator of adolescent problem behaviours. A methodological review shows that monitoring has been measured using self-report questions based on parental knowledge of adolescent free-time use; however, inconsistencies in the definition of monitoring have created confusion. A process model of parental monitoring is proposed. This proposed model conceptualises monitoring interactions in a temporal sequence. It proposes that parental monitoring occurs in two distinct stages: before the adolescent goes out and when they return home. Parental and adolescent responses to monitoring interactions impact on future monitoring episodes. The proposed model demonstrates that a functional understanding of parent and adolescent monitoring behaviours is essential to clinical prevention and intervention.
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Korkmaz, Murat, Ali Serdar Yücel, Çetin Yaman, Gülten Hergüner, Fatih Catikkas, and Bülent Kilic. "Parental Modelling in Child’s Nutrition Behaviours and Attitudes." Anthropologist 20, no. 3 (June 2015): 535–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2015.11891758.
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Costa, Fernando G., Carmen Viera, and Gabriel Francescoli. "Male sexual behaviour elicited by a hybrid pheromone: a comparative study on Lycosa thorelli, L. carbonelli, and their hybrid progeny (Araneae, Lycosidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1845–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-814.
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Three groups of spiders were raised from birth in the laboratory: Lycosa thorelli, L. carbonelli, and their experimentally obtained hybrid progeny. We analyzed the behaviour of the three male groups in the presence of a hybrid sexual pheromone. From the tests, 22 behaviour units were identified; 11 were simple and 11 were complex, the latter resulting from temporal overlapping of two or three simple units. Hybrid males showed behaviours similar to those of each of the parental species, but their characteristics were mainly intermediate between the two species. Variability in sexual behaviour of the hybrids was similar to that of parental males. Parental males exposed to a hybrid stimulus showed an activity level intermediate to previous descriptions of sexual behaviour elicited by conspecific and heterospecific stimuli. The importance of certain visual and acoustic displays for reproductive isolation, and their possible inheritance mechanisms, are a particular focus of discussion.
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Goodman, Matt, and Ian Andrew James. "Parental involvement in young footballers’ development: A comparison of the opinions of children and their parents." Sport & Exercise Psychology Review 13, no. 1 (March 2017): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssepr.2017.13.1.2.
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Hitherto, much of the work on parental involvement in youth sport has focused on the role and behaviour of the parent. The present study took a more dynamic, interactive approach, examining the views of both parents and their children and comparing child and parent ratings of parental involvement in youth football. Parallel forms of a questionnaire recording parental behaviours, including praise and criticism of performances, were employed.Thirty-four parent-child dyads (N= 68 participants) were recruited from a football league in the North East of England. The children’s ages ranged from 8–15 years. A version of the Parental Involvement Sport Questionnaire was administered to the participants, and comparisons made between the parents and children. The degree to which parental involvement was perceived to be ‘helpful’ was also assessed by the children.A number of significant findings were obtained, such as the children rated their parents to be more directive than the parents believed themselves to be. In particular, the children rated their parents as being more likely to tell them: (i) what they did badly in a match; (ii) what they needed to work on; and (iii) how to improve their techniques. In general the children rated their parents’ involvement as being helpful. Nonetheless, negative emotional responses by the parents following matches were identified as being particularly unhelpful. The study provides insight into the dynamics of parental involvement, highlighting specific areas requiring further investigation. It also demonstrates the importance of examining the impact, alongside the frequency ratings, of parental involvement behaviours.
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Sandri, Camillo, Vittoria Vallarin, Carolina Sammarini, Barbara Regaiolli, Alessandra Piccirillo, and Caterina Spiezio. "How to be a great dad: parental care in a flock of greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus)." PeerJ 5 (May 30, 2017): e3404. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3404.
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In the last years, studies on captive greater flamingos have increased. Research on zoo animals is important to improve the knowledge on these species and to improve their ex-situ and in-situ conservation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the parental behaviour of a captive colony of greater flamingo hosted at Parco Natura Viva, an Italian zoological garden, to improve the knowledge on this species in zoos. In particular, the present study investigated and compared the parental care of females and males in 35 breeding pairs of greater flamingos. For each pair, we collected durations of parental care behaviour of both females and males, recording their position in relation to the nest (near the nest, on the nest, away from the nest) and individual and social behaviours performed. First, both partners were involved in parental care and displayed species-specific behaviours reported in the wild. The main results were that males spent more time than females on the nest (P = 0.010) and near it (P = 0.0001) and were more aggressive toward other flamingos than females, both when sitting on the nest (P = 0.003) and when near the nest (P = 0.0003). Therefore, male flamingos seem to be more involved in incubation duties and nest protection than females. This kind of research is important not only to expand the knowledge on bird species such as flamingos, but also to improve their husbandry and breeding in controlled environment. Indeed, understanding animal behaviour allows us to gain insights into their individual and social needs, addressing potential animal welfare issues.
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Ainsworth, Frank, and Patricia Hansen. "Understanding the Behaviour of Children in Care before and after Parental Contact." Children Australia 42, no. 1 (February 9, 2017): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2016.50.
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It is not uncommon to hear foster carers and child protection case workers comment about a child's behaviour both before and after parental contact. Frequently these comments are negative, the view being expressed that contact should be reduced because the children get upset at seeing their parents for a limited time, and then at having to separate from them. The child's resultant distress seems too difficult to manage for foster carers. Some foster parents even go so far as to suggest that parental contact should completely cease. This article sets out the rationale for parent–child contact after a Children's Court has ruled that there is “no realistic possibility of restoration” of a child to parental care. In doing so, the article revisits many of the old arguments put forward for reducing parent contact. However, alternative ways of approaching children's difficult behaviours both pre- and post-contact are also proposed to suggest different ways of managing these behaviours. The legislation and child protection practice in New South Wales provides the frame of reference for this article.
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Koester, Lynne Sanford, Hanus Papousek, and Mechthild Papousek. "Patterns of Rhythmic Stimulation by Mothers with Three-Month-Olds: A Cross-Modal Comparison." International Journal of Behavioral Development 12, no. 2 (June 1989): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502548901200201.
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The purpose of this research was to examine the nature of the temporally patterned stimulation provided spontaneously by parents to their infants. This study provides microanalytic descriptions of the temporally patterned non-vocal behaviours used by 17 mothers during brief, videotaped interactions with their 3-month-olds. Results indicated significant effects of type of maternal behaviour and infant attention on 'tempo of rhythmic behaviours; one detailed example illustrates the dynamics of interactions within an individual dyad. It is asserted that the aspects of non-vocal communication investigated here are part of a repertoire of intuitive parental behaviours which support the infant's early integrative competence and adaptation to the social world.
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Langdon, Jody, Chad Johnson, and Bridget Melton. "Factors contributing to the uptake and maintenance of regular exercise behaviour in emerging adults." Health Education Journal 76, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896916654934.
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Objective: To identify the influence of parental autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and motivation on emerging adults’ physical activity level and exercise behaviours. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: This study convenience-sampled approximately 435 college students identified as emerging adults – aged 18–25 years, who did not have a child, own a home, or have sufficient income to be fully independent. Methods: Survey responses were used in a path model to investigate how parental autonomy support, psychological mediators and motivational processes influenced emerging adults’ exercise behaviour. Results: The hypothesised model was supported with minor modifications. Most notable was the influence of parental physical activity level and autonomy support on psychological mediators, motivational processes and exercise behaviour. Conclusion: Results indicate that parents influence their children both directly and indirectly. The impact of autonomy and competence support was found to promote emerging adults’ intrinsic motivation, which consequently influenced actual physical activity and behaviour.