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1
ALPER, Rebecca M., Richard R. HURTIG, and Karla K. MCGREGOR. "The role of maternal psychosocial perceptions in parent-training programs: a preliminary randomized controlled trial." Journal of Child Language 47, no. 2 (June 6, 2019): 358–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000138.
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AbstractParent–child interaction is critical for early language and literacy development. Parent training programs have proliferated to support early interactions. However, many environmental and psychosocial factors can impact the quality of parent–child language and literacy interactions as well as training program outcomes. This preliminary randomized controlled trial examined maternal perceived self-efficacy and locus of control during a language and literacy parent training program. Thirty mother–child dyads (mother age 21–40; children 2;6–4;0) were assigned in parallel to the training or control group. The training was efficacious for mothers and children – training-group dyads made significantly greater gains in maternal strategy use, responsivity, and child print awareness than the control group. Gains were maintained one month post-training. Children whose mothers had more external baseline control perceptions identified significantly fewer print targets at baseline and made greater gains than those with more internal control perceptions. Future directions and implications are discussed.
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Piehler, Timothy F., Kadie Ausherbauer, Abigail Gewirtz, and Kate Gliske. "Improving Child Peer Adjustment in Military Families Through Parent Training: The Mediational Role of Parental Locus of Control." Journal of Early Adolescence 38, no. 9 (December 7, 2016): 1322–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431616678990.
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The present study investigated the mechanisms through which a parenting intervention for military families fosters positive peer adjustment in children. A sample of 336 families with a history of parental deployment enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of the After Deployment Adaptive Parenting Tools (ADAPT) preventive intervention. ADAPT is a 14-week preventive intervention designed to strengthen parenting in military families. The intervention was associated with improvements in mother’s and father’s parental locus of control (i.e., a more internal locus of control) at a 6-month follow-up assessment while controlling for baseline levels. Mothers’ parental locus of control was positively associated with improvements in children’s peer adjustment 12 months following the intervention while controlling for baseline peer adjustment. A significant indirect effect revealed that participation in ADAPT resulted in improved 12-month peer adjustment by improving mothers’ parental locus of control. Implications for supporting youth resilience to stressors associated with deployment are discussed.
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Fataron, Zuhdan Ady, and Rauly Sijabat. "Chain for Strengthening Work Readiness." Dinamika Pendidikan 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/dp.v14i2.20940.
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This study aimed to empirically examine the work readiness model developed in this study by using a variable approach to training, apprenticeship, self efficacy and locus of control. Data on training variables, apprenticeship, self efficacy, locus of control, and work readiness were obtained through interviews using a questionnaire conducted to the final semester students of the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business of Walisongo State Islamic University (UIN Walisongo Semarang). The sample selection was conducted using a purposive random sampling approach in order to obtain a total of 112 respondents. Testing the research model was done by using SEM as an approach to the analysis technique. The test results showed that training and apprenticeship were proven to be able to explain self-efficacy and locus of control. The results of this study also showed that training, apprenticeship, self efficacy and locus of control were appropriate variables to explain variations in work readiness. Square Multiple Correlation value on work readiness variable was 33.5%. Based on the findings of this study, the suggestion for future research is to develop a research model by testing the self-concept variables and fear of failure to work readiness.
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Fataron, Zuhdan Ady, and Rauly Sijabat. "The pathway of strengthening the working readiness: A study on graduate students of Islamic Economics and Business Faculty of UIN Walisongo Semarang." Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v9i3.26948.
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Research on working readiness is not a new thing. Nevertheless, studies related to working readiness still become interesting topic considering the empirical phenomena that indicate low working readiness. In addition, the results of previous studies have not provided conclusive conclusions about the factors that explain working readiness. This study was conducted to test the working readiness model developed in this study empirically by using the variable approach of training, apprenticeship, self-efficacy, and locus of control. Data on training, apprenticeship, self-efficacy, locus of control, and working readiness were obtained through interviews using a questionnaire conducted to the final semester students of the Islamic Economics and Business Faculty of UIN Walisongo Semarang. The research model testing was done by using SEM as an approach to the analysis technique. The test results show that training and apprenticeship are proven capable of explaining self-efficacy and locus of control. The results of this study also show that training, apprenticeship, self-efficacy, and locus of control are appropriate variables to explain variations in working readiness.
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Leung, Cynthia, Sandra Tsang, Kitty Heung, and Mia Tam. "Healthy Start Home Visiting Program—School-Based Model: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial." Research on Social Work Practice 29, no. 6 (July 10, 2018): 628–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731518786578.
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Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Healthy Start Home Visiting Program—School-Based Model (HSS), using a cluster randomized controlled trial design. Methods: Participants included 224 parents from 20 preschools randomized into intervention and wait-list control groups at the preschool level. Furthermore, 105 parents from the participating preschools were trained as parent ambassadors to assist in program delivery. They were randomized into intervention and control groups at the preschool level. Outcome measures included parent and teacher reports on children’s learning, parent report on children’s behavior and health, their own parenting, and direct assessment of children. Parent ambassadors completed measures on parenting and their children’s behavior before training and after program delivery. Results: There was significant improvement at postintervention in parenting, children’s behavior, and learning and health in the intervention group, compared with the control group. Conclusions: The results provided evidence on the effectiveness of the HSS program.
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Okada, Miki, and Marie Jasieniuk. "Inheritance of Glyphosate Resistance in Hairy Fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) from California." Weed Science 62, no. 2 (June 2014): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-13-00111.1.
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Inheritance of glyphosate resistance was investigated in hairy fleabane populations from California as part of providing the information needed to predict and manage resistance and to gain insight into resistance mechanism (or mechanisms) present in the populations. Three glyphosate-resistant individuals grown from seed collected from distinct sites near Fresno, CA, were crossed to individuals from the same susceptible population to create reciprocal F1populations. A single individual from each of the F1populations was used to create a backcross population with a susceptible maternal parent, and an F2population. Based on dose response analyses, reciprocal F1populations were not statistically different from each other, more similar to the resistant parent, and statistically different from the susceptible parent, consistent with nuclear control of the trait and dominance to incomplete dominance of resistance over susceptibility in all three crosses. Glyphosate resistance in two of the three crosses segregated in the backcross and the F2populations as a single-locus trait. In the remaining cross, the resistant parent had approximately half the resistance level as the other two resistant parents, and the segregation of glyphosate resistance in backcross and F2populations conformed to a two-locus model with resistance alleles acting additively and at least two copies of the allele required for expression of resistance. This two-locus model of the segregation of glyphosate resistance has not been reported previously. Variation in the pattern of inheritance and the level of resistance indicate that multiple resistance mechanisms may be present in hairy fleabane populations in California.
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Hellstedt, Jon C. "The Coach / Parent / Athlete Relationship." Sport Psychologist 1, no. 2 (June 1987): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.1.2.151.
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Coaches often have difficulty working with the parents of their athletes. Communication problems, conflict, and sometimes power struggles over who has control over the child’s training occasionally develop. Based on an integration of sport psychology and family systems theory, a model for understanding the coach / parent / athlete triangle is developed. Three types of parents are described: overinvolved, underinvolved, and moderately involved, as well as goals and strategies for working with each type of parent.
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MacDonald, William A. "Epigenetic Mechanisms of Genomic Imprinting: Common Themes in the Regulation of Imprinted Regions in Mammals, Plants, and Insects." Genetics Research International 2012 (February 15, 2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/585024.
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Genomic imprinting is a form of epigenetic inheritance whereby the regulation of a gene or chromosomal region is dependent on the sex of the transmitting parent. During gametogenesis, imprinted regions of DNA are differentially marked in accordance to the sex of the parent, resulting in parent-specific expression. While mice are the primary research model used to study genomic imprinting, imprinted regions have been described in a broad variety of organisms, including other mammals, plants, and insects. Each of these organisms employs multiple, interrelated, epigenetic mechanisms to maintain parent-specific expression. While imprinted genes and imprint control regions are often species and locus-specific, the same suites of epigenetic mechanisms are often used to achieve imprinted expression. This review examines some examples of the epigenetic mechanisms responsible for genomic imprinting in mammals, plants, and insects.
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Hukkelberg, Silje S. "A Reexamination of Child Problem Behaviors as Measured by ECBI: Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Two Parent Training Interventions." Assessment 26, no. 7 (May 4, 2017): 1270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191117706022.
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The Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) is a widely used instrument that assesses disruptive problem behaviors via parent report. The present study compares three different conceptualizations of problem behaviors using traditional confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), a bifactor–CFA, and a bifactor exploratory structural equation model, whereof the latter two represent novel conceptualizations of disruptive problem behaviors. Data were derived from 353 Norwegian parents assigned to parent management training—the Oregon model (PMTO; N = 137) or brief parent training (BPT; N = 216), who rated their child’s problem behavior (age 3-12 years). The factor models were estimated within the PMTO and BPT samples, and in the total sample. Results showed that the bifactor–CFA, with a general problem behavior factor and three specific factors representing oppositional defiant, conduct problem, and inattentive behavior provided the best model fit. Furthermore, factorial invariance across control/intervention groups and across time (pre/post intervention) was estimated within the PMTO and BPT samples. Results revealed properties of metric and intercept invariance across intervention/control groups and over time, within both interventions. Implications of the results are discussed.
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Mardyasari, Lucia Hartiningtyas, and Indarto Indarto. "MODEL PENGUATAN KESIAPAN KERJA LULUSAN ( Studi Pada BBPLK Semarang )." Jurnal Riset Ekonomi dan Bisnis 10, no. 1 (April 17, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/jreb.v10i1.707.
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<p>Temuan bahwa tenaga kerja lulusan BBPLK Semarang kurang memiliki kesiapan untuk terjun ke dunia kerja sesuai dengan standar kebutuhan tenaga perusahaan serta masih adanya perbedaan hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu mengenai faktor-faktor yang menjelaskan kesiapan kerja. Yang kemudian mendorong studi ini untuk mengembangkan dan menguji model kesiapan kerja.</p><p>Model kesiapan kerja yang dikembangkan, menggunakan lima variabel prediktor, yaitu variabel pelatihan, variabel praktek kerja industri dan variabel kompetensi yang dalam model penelitian merupakan variabel eksogen yang diduga dapat membangun <em>self</em> <em>efficacy</em> dan <em>locus of control</em> dan juga dapat menjelaskan kesiapan kerja lulusan BBPLK Semarang. Model kesiapan kerja yang dikembangkan dalam studi ini selanjutnya diuji secara empiris dengan menggunakan data penelitian yang diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada 112 responden peserta pelatihan BBPLK Semarang dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).</p><p>Hasilny</p><p><em>The finding that the employment of graduates BBPLK Semarang less prepared to plunge into the world of work in accordance with the standards and needs of power companies are still differences in the results of previous research on the factors that explain job readiness. These studies were then encouraged to develop and test models of job readiness.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Job readiness models developed, using five predictor variables, namely training variables, variables and variable industrial technical competence in the research model is an exogenous variable that could be expected to build self-efficacy and locus of control and also may explain the job readiness of graduates </em><em>of </em><em>BBPLK Semarang. Job readiness models developed in this study were tested empirically using research data obtained through interviews with 112 respondents </em><em>of </em><em>trainee </em><em>of </em><em>BBPLK Semarang using a questionnaire and analyzed by using analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).</em><em></em></p><p><em>The result of this study shows that the work required to build the readiness of locus of control and self efficacy. Locus of control requires competence, work practices and training industry. Meanwhile, to build self-efficacy is required competencies and working practices of the industry.</em><em></em></p><p>a studi ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk membangun kesiapan kerja diperlukan <em>locus of control</em> dan <em>self efficacy</em>. <em>Locus of control</em> memerlukan kompetensi, praktek kerja industri dan pelatihan. Sedangkan untuk membangun self efficacy diperlukan kompetensi dan praktek kerja industri.</p><p> </p>
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van den Berg, J. H., M. W. Bonierbale, E. E. Ewing, R. L. Plaisted, and S. D. Tanksley. "CHARACTERIZATION OF SEGREGATING POTATO PROGENIES FOR TUBERIZATION RESPONSE TO PHOTOPERIOD IN CONNECTION WITH GENETIC MAPPING." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1161c—1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1161c.
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Tuberization and stolonization of cuttings were used as a model system to assess response to photoperiod in segregating potato progenies. The progenies were from backcrosses of a diploid hybrid between Solanum tuberosum and the short day requiring S. berthaultii to both parent species. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analyses had been performed on these progenies as a part of other investigations. The RFLP maps were used to identify the loci controlling the photoperiod responses characterized by the cuttings. In the S. berthaultii backcross population, one locus appeared to control the response of cuttings only under long photoperiods, and coincided with a locus detected for stolonization on whole plants; a second locus was effective for tuberization under short photoperiods but was not detected with certainty under long photoperiods. Data analysis for the second backcross population is currently underway.
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Miller, Richard L., and William A. Buxton. "The effects of managerial transition training on organizational performance." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 33, no. 5 (July 13, 2012): 464–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437731211241256.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of a self‐managed transition process on the performance of mid‐level managers, specifically company commanders serving in the US Army.Design/methodology/approachThe transition process provided the new commanders with a flexible outline of topics used for interviewing key personnel within the larger organization (battalion) prior to and immediately following assumption of command. The authors measured the performance of commanders using a standardized Battalion Command Evaluation Form completed by the battalion commander. In addition, the effects of leader experience and locus of control were examined.FindingsIt was found that use of the transition process enhanced the performance of company commanders who had an external locus of control and/or did not come directly from a job proximal to command.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides a model that can be used with mid‐level managers in order to minimize the performance deficit often associated with turnover.Originality/valueMost research on managerial transition has focused on upper‐level management. The paper examines mid‐level managerial turnover and provides new information about how means and opportunities can affect leader effectiveness.
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Snaman, Jennifer M., Erica C. Kaye, Holly Spraker-Perlman, Deena Levine, Lisa Clark, Robin Wilcox, Brittany Barnett, et al. "Incorporating Bereaved Parents as Faculty Facilitators and Educators in Teaching Principles of Palliative and End-of-Life Care." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 35, no. 12 (July 16, 2018): 1518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909118786875.
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Background: Education and training for interdisciplinary pediatric providers requires training in principles of palliative and end-of-life (EOL) care. The experiences of bereaved parents can inform and enhance palliative care educational curricula in uniquely powerful and valuable ways. The objective of this study is to present an innovative palliative care educational program facilitated by trained bereaved parents who serve as volunteer educators in local and national palliative care educational forums and to describe how incorporation of bereaved parents in these educational forums affects participant comfort with communication and management of children at the EOL. Methods: Parent educators underwent both general and session-specific training and participated in debriefings following each session. Survey tools were developed or adapted to determine how bereaved parent educators affected participant experiences in 3 different educational forums. Pre- and postsession surveys with incorporation of retrospective preprogram assessment items to control for response shift were used in the evaluation of institutional seminars on pediatric palliative and EOL care and role-play-based communication training sessions. Results from feedback surveys sent to attendees were used to appraise the participants’ experience at the international oncology symposium. Results: Involvement of trained parent educators across diverse, interdisciplinary educational forums improved attendee comfort in communicating with, and caring for, patients and families with serious illness. Importantly, parent educators also derive benefit from involvement in educational sessions with interdisciplinary clinicians. Conclusions: Integration of bereaved parents into palliative and EOL care education is an innovative and effective model that benefits both interdisciplinary clinicians and bereaved parents.
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Solomon, David T., Larissa N. Niec, and Ciera E. Schoonover. "The Impact of Foster Parent Training on Parenting Skills and Child Disruptive Behavior." Child Maltreatment 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559516679514.
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Children in foster care are at risk for behavioral and emotional problems that require higher levels of care than other children. To meet these needs and reduce placement disruptions, foster parents require effective parenting skills. Although a number of training models have been evaluated, the findings on the efficacy of foster parent training (FPT) are mixed. We conducted a meta-analysis of the FPT outcome research from 1984 to 2014 to develop a clearer understanding of the impact of such trainings. Fifteen samples (16 studies) were identified that investigated the impact of FPT on self-reported parenting skills and knowledge and child problem behaviors. The mean effect size for child disruptive behavior using a random effects model was small but significant at −.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [−.39, −.01], Z = 2.05, p < .05), suggesting that, on average, foster parents who were involved in the trainings reported fewer child behavior problems than parents who did not receive the training. The mean effect size for parenting was moderate and significant at .52 (95% CI = [.22, .82], Z = 3.38, p < .05), indicating that, on average, parents in the treatment groups reported higher levels of skills and knowledge following training than did those in the control group. While these results are promising, more research is necessary to investigate the inconsistency in effect sizes across studies.
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Forgatch, Marion S., Gerald R. Patterson, David S. Degarmo, and Zintars G. Beldavs. "Testing the Oregon delinquency model with 9-year follow-up of the Oregon Divorce Study." Development and Psychopathology 21, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 637–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409000340.
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AbstractThis paper presents experimental tests of the Oregon delinquency model applied within a randomized design of an at-risk sample of single mothers and their elementary school-aged sons. In the theoretical model, ineffective parenting practices and deviant peer association serve as the primary mechanisms for growth in adolescent delinquent behavior and early arrests. Multiple-method assessments of 238 mothers and sons include delinquency as measured by teacher reports and official arrest records, parenting skills measured by observations of parent–child interactions, and deviant peer association as reported by focal boys. Analyses of the 9-year follow-up data indicate that the Oregon model of parent management training significantly reduced teacher-reported delinquency and police arrests for focal boys. As hypothesized, the experiments demonstrated that improving parenting practices and reducing contacts with deviant peers served as mediating mechanisms for reducing rates of adolescent delinquency. As predicted, there was also a significant delay in the timing of police arrests for youth in the experimental as compared to the control group.
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Sourander, A., and T. Ristkari. "Developing and implementing digital-assisted parent training intervention for disruptive behavior in primary health care." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.487.
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BackgroundAccording to many epidemiological studies early prevention of mental health problems is essential in childhood. The objectives are:– to determine whether a digital-assisted intervention using whole-population screening that targets the most symptomatic 4-year-old children is effective at 12 months after the start of treatment;– to describe the Finnish Strongest Families intervention model in primary health care.MethodsThe target population was children with high level of DBD symptoms screened from the population of 4-year olds attending annual child health clinic check-ups. The RCT study was conducted in southwest-Finland between 2011 and 2013. In the control group, participants (n = 232) were given access to a parent training website and a telephone call from a coach. Participants (n = 232) in the intervention group received internet and telephone delivered the Finnish Strongest Families program.ResultsDuring the 12-months follow-up results of the intervention showed the behavioural problems of the four-year-old children reduced significantly in the families who participated in the 11-week program compared to the control group. So far, this evidence-based intervention has been implemented in 13 municipalities in Finland and the nationwide implementing process is in progress.ConclusionsTraining parents online and over the telephone significantly decreases preschool children's disruptive behavior. Therefore, it is important to provide low threshold, digitally delivered, family oriented promotion, prevention and early intervention programs in the primary care. More studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects and cost-effectiveness of digital interventions in preventive mental health care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Van Dijk, Peter J., Rik Op den Camp, and Stephen E. Schauer. "Genetic Dissection of Apomixis in Dandelions Identifies a Dominant Parthenogenesis Locus and Highlights the Complexity of Autonomous Endosperm Formation." Genes 11, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11090961.
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Apomixis in the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) consists of three developmental components: diplospory (apomeiosis), parthenogenesis, and autonomous endosperm development. The genetic basis of diplospory, which is inherited as a single dominant factor, has been previously elucidated. To uncover the genetic basis of the remaining components, a cross between a diploid sexual seed parent and a triploid apomictic pollen donor was made. The resulting 95 triploid progeny plants were genotyped with co-dominant simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers and phenotyped for apomixis as a whole and for the individual apomixis components using Nomarski Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscopy of cleared ovules and seed flow cytometry. From this, a new SSR marker allele was discovered that was closely linked to parthenogenesis and unlinked to diplospory. The segregation of apomixis as a whole does not differ significantly from a three-locus model, with diplospory and parthenogenesis segregating as unlinked dominant loci. Autonomous endosperm is regularly present without parthenogenesis, suggesting that the parthenogenesis locus does not also control endosperm formation. However, the high recovery of autonomous endosperm is inconsistent with this phenotype segregating as the third dominant locus. These results highlight the genetic complexity underlying apomixis in the dandelion and underline the challenge of introducing autonomous apomixis into sexual crops.
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Heflinger, Craig Anne, Leonard Bickman, Denine Northrup, and Susan Sonnichsen. "A Theory-Driven Intervention and Evaluation to Explore Family Caregiver Empowerment." Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 5, no. 3 (September 1997): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106342669700500306.
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The conceptualization, development, implementation, and evaluation of the Family Empowerment Project are described in this article. A multicomponent parent training curriculum was designed, incorporating three components: knowledge about the service system; skills with which to interact with the system; and mental health services efficacy, or improved and optimistic attitudes of efficacy and intention to collaborate actively with service providers in securing appropriate treatment for their children. An experimental design was used to test the efficacy of this model with caregivers of children receiving mental health services (n = 250), randomly assigned to the parent group curriculum or a no-treatment control group. Intermediate outcomes of the project at a 3-month follow-up were assessed. The parent group intervention was found to significantly affect two factors that appear crucial to increasing caregiver empowerment: knowledge of the mental health services system and mental health services efficacy.
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Sassi, Narjes, Assâad El Akremi, and Christian Vandenberghe. "Examining the frustration-aggression model among Tunisian blue-collar workers." Journal of Managerial Psychology 30, no. 3 (April 13, 2015): 336–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-06-2013-0192.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the links between work stressors, perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, and workplace aggression, using the traits of negative affectivity and external locus of control as individual moderators. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using a survey questionnaire among 477 blue-collar workers from a Tunisian manufacturing company. Findings – Results indicate that perceived stress mediates a positive relationship between work stressors (quantitative workload, role ambiguity, and interpersonal conflicts) and emotional exhaustion. Moreover, the relationship between quantitative workload and interpersonal conflicts and perceived stress is stronger among individuals with high levels of negative affectivity. Similarly, the relationship between quantitative workload and perceived stress is stronger at high levels of external locus of control. Finally, emotional exhaustion mediates a positive relationship between perceived stress and interpersonal and organizational aggression. Practical implications – The findings suggest that Tunisian organizations may reduce perceived stress and aggressive behavior among blue-collar workers through reducing quantitative workload, role ambiguity, and interpersonal conflicts. Moreover, specific training programs, job redesign, and formal mentorship that provide employees with improved social skills can also be recommended as soon as early signs of frustration or intentions to misbehave appear. Finally, leadership development practices may help supervisors better manage workplace stressors and reduce the occurrence of workplace aggression. Originality/value – The current study is an initial attempt to look at an integrated model of stress and aggression among blue-collar workers in Tunisia. While some of the findings are consistent with the literature, others might reflect the unique aspects of the Tunisian culture.
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Rankinen, Tuomo, Yun Ju Sung, Mark A. Sarzynski, Treva K. Rice, D. C. Rao, and Claude Bouchard. "Heritability of submaximal exercise heart rate response to exercise training is accounted for by nine SNPs." Journal of Applied Physiology 112, no. 5 (March 1, 2012): 892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01287.2011.
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Endurance training-induced changes in hemodynamic traits are heritable. However, few genes associated with heart rate training responses have been identified. The purpose of our study was to perform a genome-wide association study to uncover DNA sequence variants associated with submaximal exercise heart rate training responses in the HERITAGE Family Study. Heart rate was measured during steady-state exercise at 50 W (HR50) on 2 separate days before and after a 20-wk endurance training program in 483 white subjects from 99 families. Illumina HumanCNV370-Quad v3.0 BeadChips were genotyped using the Illumina BeadStation 500GX platform. After quality control procedures, 320,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available for the genome-wide association study analyses, which were performed using the MERLIN software package (single-SNP analyses and conditional heritability tests) and standard regression models (multivariate analyses). The strongest associations for HR50 training response adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and baseline HR50 were detected with SNPs at the YWHAQ locus on chromosome 2p25 ( P = 8.1 × 10−7), the RBPMS locus on chromosome 8p12 ( P = 3.8 × 10−6), and the CREB1 locus on chromosome 2q34 ( P = 1.6 × 10−5). In addition, 37 other SNPs showed P values <9.9 × 10−5. After removal of redundant SNPs, the 10 most significant SNPs explained 35.9% of the ΔHR50 variance in a multivariate regression model. Conditional heritability tests showed that nine of these SNPs (all intragenic) accounted for 100% of the ΔHR50 heritability. Our results indicate that SNPs in nine genes related to cardiomyocyte and neuronal functions, as well as cardiac memory formation, fully account for the heritability of the submaximal heart rate training response.
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Barton, Shanna M., Aaron W. Calhoun, Carrie A. Bohnert, Sara Multerer, Victoria A. Statler, Kristina A. Bryant, and Gary S. Marshall. "1116. AIMS-trained Residents Exhibit Specific Communication Skills in a Standardized Patient Model of Vaccine Hesitancy." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S588—S589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1302.
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Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is one of the top 10 threats to global public health. While VH is common among parents, there are no accepted best practices for counseling, and training in this area is not required in residency. Strategies are needed to help providers address VH in practice. Methods The AIMS (Announce, Inquire, Mirror, Secure) Method for Healthy Conversations is a structured communication strategy that attempts to build trust between provider and patient (or parent), inviting receptivity to healthcare recommendations. To assess whether relatively inexperienced providers exhibit AIMS behaviors after training, blinded pediatric residents were pseudo-randomized to receive either AIMS or control training. Subjects underwent pre- and post-training clinical encounters with blinded standardized patients (SPs) portraying vaccine-hesitant parents; encounters were video-recorded and assessed by 3 blinded raters using the Vaccine Hesitancy Communication Assessment (VHCA) tool, which was developed by an iterative process and validated in pilot testing. Subject confidence was assessed pre- and post-training. Results Overall VHCA intraclass correlation was 0.273 for pre and 0.681 for post encounters (2-way mixed averages); reliability varied with AIMS phases. Fifty-eight subjects completed the protocol, and VHCA ratings for 29 subjects were available for this analysis. AIMS behaviors were more commonly detected among AIMS-trained subjects than control (median change in score [scale 0–30]=4.5 versus 0 for control) (Figure 1). Confidence improved in both groups (Figure 2). SPs perceived no differences between groups, nor between pre and post within groups, in aspects of subject performance such as respect, empathy, and promotion of trust (P=0.936 [ANCOVA]; partial eta-squared 0.0). Figure 1 Figure 2 Conclusion Pediatric residents can be trained in AIMS behaviors, and an SP model of VH can be used to assess performance. AIMS training results in similar gains in self-confidence compared to control training. SP perceptions may be colored by their script, which in this case was to exhibit adamant vaccine refusal. Testing of AIMS training in longitudinal experimental scenarios and in real-world settings is warranted. Disclosures Kristina A. Bryant, MD, Pfizer (Research Grant or Support, Investigator on multi-center clinical trials) Gary S. Marshall, MD, GlaxoSmithKline (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Pfizer (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Honorarium for conference lecture)Seqirus (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)
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Weerdmeester, Joanneke, Marieke MJW van Rooij, Rutger CME Engels, and Isabela Granic. "An Integrative Model for the Effectiveness of Biofeedback Interventions for Anxiety Regulation: Viewpoint." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 7 (July 23, 2020): e14958. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14958.
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Biofeedback has shown to be a promising tool for the treatment of anxiety; however, several theoretical as well as practical limitations have prevented widespread adaptation until now. With current technological advances and the increasing interest in the use of self-monitoring technology to improve mental health, we argue that this is an ideal time to launch a new wave of biofeedback training. In this viewpoint paper, we reflect on the current state of biofeedback training, including the more traditional techniques and mechanisms that have been thought to explain the effectiveness of biofeedback such as the integration of operant learning and meditation techniques, and the changes in interoceptive awareness and physiology. Subsequently, we propose an integrative model that includes a set of cognitive appraisals as potential determinants of adaptive trajectories within biofeedback training such as growth mindset, self-efficacy, locus of control, and threat-challenge appraisals. Finally, we present a set of detailed guidelines based on the integration of our model with the mechanics and mechanisms offered by emerging interactive technology to encourage a new phase of research and implementation using biofeedback. There is a great deal of promise for future biofeedback interventions that harness the power of wearables and video games, and that adopt a user-centered approach to help people regulate their anxiety in a way that feels engaging, personal, and meaningful.
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Hayati, Fitri, and Arum Febriani. "Menjawab Tantangan Pengasuhan Ibu Bekerja: Validasi Modul “Smart Parenting” untuk Meningkatkan Parental Self-Efficacy." Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology (GamaJPP) 5, no. 1 (May 5, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.48582.
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This study aimed to validate "Smart Parenting" a training module to increase feeling of competence in carrying out the duties as parent, or Parental Self-Efficacy (PSE) of working mothers with toddler. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design in a model of untreated control group design with dependent pretest, posttest, and follow up among 12 participants. Six participants were in treatment group, and the other six were in control group. "Smart Parenting" was arranged based on Work-Family Balance and Domain Specific Parenting for Toddler. The maternal self-efficacy was measured using the short version of Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index-Toddler Scale. The statistical analysis using Mann Whitney Test showed that there was a difference (p<0.05) in mother’s PSE between experimental group and control group. This research concluded that the "Smart Parenting" training program is effective for the purpose of increasing PSE for working mothers with toddlers.
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LAFRENIERE, PETER J., and FRANCE CAPUANO. "Preventive intervention as means of clarifying direction of effects in socialization: Anxious-withdrawn preschoolers case." Development and Psychopathology 9, no. 3 (September 1997): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579497001302.
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An indicated preventive intervention research program integrating attachment, attributional, and behaviorist perspectives was conducted to test the hypothesis that parent–child relationship disturbances directly effect the child's adjustment to the preschool. Anxious-withdrawn preschool children and their mothers were divided equally into treatment and control groups, and assessed on maternal self-report of parenting stress, behavioral ratings of mother–child interaction, and teacher ratings of the children in the preschool classroom. Results showed significant changes in the treatment group: mothers in the treatment group moderated their level of control to a more appropriate, less intrusive level, while children in the treatment group showed an increase in cooperation and enthusiasm during a problem solving task with mother. Teacher-rated social competence and anxious-withdrawn behavior indicated improvement, although only the former was significant. The demonstration of effects of this home intervention for the mother on the child's behavior in the preschool confirm the transactional model underlying this study and demonstrate the utility of a parent–child interaction training component for the prevention of behavioral–emotional problems in young children.
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Shakya, Viplendra P. S., and Alexander Idnurm. "Sex Determination Directs Uniparental Mitochondrial Inheritance in Phycomyces." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 2 (November 15, 2013): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00203-13.
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ABSTRACTUniparental inheritance (UPI) of mitochondria is common among eukaryotes. The underlying molecular basis by which the sexes of the parents control this non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance is yet to be fully understood. Two major factors have complicated the understanding of the role of sex-specific genes in the UPI phenomenon: in many cases (i) fusion occurs between cells of unequal size or (ii) mating requires a large region of the genome or chromosome that includes genes unrelated to sex determination. The fungusPhycomyces blakesleeanusis a member of the Mucoromycotina and has a simple mating type locus encoding only one high-mobility group (HMG) domain protein, and mating occurs by fusion of isogamous cells, thus providing a model system without the limitations mentioned above. Analysis of more than 250 progeny from a series of genetic crosses between wild-type strains ofPhycomycesrevealed a correlation between the individual genes in the mating type locus and UPI of mitochondria. Inheritance is from the plus (+) sex type and is associated with degradation of the mtDNA from the minus (−) parent. These findings suggest that UPI can be directly controlled by genes that determine sex identity, independent of cell size or the complexity of the genetic composition of a sex chromosome.
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Westerveld, Marleen F., Rachelle Wicks, and Jessica Paynter. "Investigating the effectiveness of parent-implemented shared book reading intervention for preschoolers with ASD." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 37, no. 2 (March 8, 2021): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265659021995522.
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Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of persistent language and literacy difficulties. This study investigated the effectiveness of an 8-week parent-implemented shared book reading intervention designed to change parent and child book reading behaviours. Sixteen parents and their preschoolers on the autism spectrum participated. Nine parents were randomly allocated to receive the shared book reading intervention first. The intervention used a coaching model and comprised a training session, four home visits, and four follow-up phone calls. Parents completed a shared book reading video with their child prior to the intervention, immediately post-intervention and eight weeks after the intervention was completed. Following intervention, there was a significant increase in the intervention group parents’ use of book-related vocabulary and their explicit teaching of story structure, compared to the waitlist control group. Compared to the control group, there was a significant increase in children’s verbal participation (number of utterances and number of different words). However, these effects disappeared when the significant increase in reading duration following the intervention was taken into account. All improvements were maintained over time. Our results highlight the feasibility of a parent-implemented shared book reading intervention for encouraging early language skills in children on the spectrum in a naturalistic setting that is part of many family routines.
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McNamara, Anna. "Crisis Management in Higher Education in the Time of Covid-19: The Case of Actor Training." Education Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11030132.
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The impact of Covid-19 placed Higher Education leadership in a state of crisis management, where decision making had to be swift and impactful. This research draws on ethea of mindfulness, actor training techniques, referencing high-reliability organisations (HRO). Interviews conducted by the author with three leaders of actor training conservatoires in Higher Education institutions in Australia, the UK and the USA reflect on crisis management actions taken in response to the impact of Covid-19 on their sector, from which high-frequency words are identified and grouped thematically. Reflecting on these high-frequency words and the thematic grouping, a model of mindful leadership is proposed as a positive tool that may enable those in leadership to recognise and respond efficiently to wider structural frailties within Higher Education, with reference to the capacity of leaders to operate with increased mindfulness, enabling a more resilient organisation that unlocks the locus of control.
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Lakin-Thomas, Patricia L., and Stuart Brody. "CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CLOCK MUTATIONS." Genetics 109, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/109.1.49.
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ABSTRACT Mutations at four loci in Neurospora crassa that alter the period of the circadian rhythm have been used to construct a series of double mutant strains in order to detect interactions between these mutations. Strains carrying mutations at three of these loci have altered periods on minimal media: prd-1, several alleles at the olir (oligomycin resistance) locus and four alleles at the frq locus. A mutation at the fourth locus, cel, which results in a defect in fatty acid synthesis, also leads to lengthening of the period when the medium is supplemented with linoleic acid (18:2). The cel mutation was crossed into strains carrying the frq, prd-1 and olir mutations, and the periods of the double mutant strains with and without 18:2 supplementation were determined. In addition, data from the literature for other combinations of loci and/or chemical effects on the period have been reanalyzed.—It was found that (1) both prd-1 and olir are epistatic to the effects of 18:2 on cel; (2) in the series of cel frq double mutant strains, the period-lengthening effect of 18:2 is inversely proportional to the period of the frq parent, indicating an interaction between frq and cel; (3) period effects reported in the literature can be described as changes by a fixed ratio or percentage of the period rather than by a fixed number of hours, and the data, therefore, can support a multiplicative as well as an additive model.—Several biochemical interpretations of these interactions are discussed, based on simple chemical kinetics, enzyme inhibition kinetics and the control of flux through metabolic pathways.
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Amar, Laurence, and Karine Dubrana. "Epigenetic Control of Chromosome Breakage at the 5′ End of Paramecium tetraurelia Gene A." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 5 (October 2004): 1136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.5.1136-1146.2004.
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ABSTRACT Macronuclei and micronuclei of ciliates have related genomes, with macronuclei developing from zygotic micronuclei through programmed DNA rearrangements. While Paramecium tetraurelia wild-type strain 51 and mutant strain d48 have the same micronuclear genome, qualitative differences between their macronuclear genomes have been described, demonstrating that programmed DNA rearrangements could be epigenetically controlled in ciliates. Macronuclear chromosomes end downstream of gene A (A51 Mac ends) and at the 5′ end of gene A (Ad48 Mac ends) in strains 51 and d48, respectively. To gain further insight into the process of chromosome end formation, we performed an extensive analysis of locus A rearrangement in strains d48 and 51, in strain d12, which harbors a gene A deletion, and in interstrain cross progeny. We show that (i) allele Ad12 harbors a deletion of >16 kb, (ii) A51 Mac ends distribute over four rather than three DNA regions, (iii) strains d48 and 51 display only quantitative differences (rare Ad48 and A51 Mac ends do form in strains 51 and d48, respectively), (iv) the level of A51 Mac ends is severalfold enhanced in d12- and d48-derived progeny, and (v) this level inversely correlates with the level of Ad48 Mac ends in the d48 parent. Together, these data lead to a model in which the formation of Ad48 Mac ends is epigenetically controlled by a d48 factor(s). We propose that the d48 factor(s) may be derived from RNA molecules transcribed from the Ad48 Mac ends and encompassing the truncated A gene and telomeric repeats.
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Parent-Lamarche, Annick, and Alain Marchand. "Well-being at work from a multilevel perspective: what is the role of personality traits?" International Journal of Workplace Health Management 12, no. 5 (September 26, 2019): 298–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-05-2019-0066.
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PurposeIt is of great importance for organizations to identify what can influence employees’ well-being. The theoretical model that the authors propose combines psychological and social determinants of stress at work. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contribution of work organization conditions, personality traits and their interaction to well-being in a sample of Canadian workers and companies.Design/methodology/approachMultilevel regression analyses were performed on a sample of 1,957 workers employed in 63 Quebec firms. Work organization conditions included (skill utilization, decision authority, psychological demands, physical demands, job insecurity, irregular schedule, number of working hours, social support from colleagues and supervisors, job promotion, and recognition) and personality traits included (self-esteem, locus of control and Big Five).FindingsWork organization conditions (psychological demands, number of hours worked and job insecurity) and personality (self-esteem, locus of control, extraversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness) were significantly associated with well-being. The results of the analysis show that none of the personality traits included in this study interacts with work organization conditions to explain workers’ level of well-being.Originality/valueThis study provides support for the implementation of human resource management (HRM) practices in order to diminish the presence of stressful working conditions as well as for the eventual development of training programs designed to raise personality traits.
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Sijabat, Rauly. "REKAYASA MODEL PENGUATAN KESIAPAN KERJA LULUSAN PENDIDIKAN VOKASI (Studi pada SMK di Kota Semarang)." Fokus Ekonomi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi 13, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34152/fe.13.2.144-162.
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The study of job readiness has been widely researched but is still an interesting topic given the empirical phenomenon which indicates the low level of work readiness. In addition, the findings from the studies that have been conducted on explanatory variables of work readiness are also not conclusive. Departing from this phenomenon, the study again developed a research model that "mated" the empirical and theoretical aspects that could explain the variable work readiness. Empirical testing on the work readiness research model was conducted on vocational education graduates in Semarang who became the object of research. To the object of the study, interviews were conducted using questionnaires to be further analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as an analytical technique approach. Empirical testing results in the research model and the influence of research variables indicate that the research model is the right model to describe the estimated population. The results of testing the influence between variables indicate that graduate competencies are built through training and industrial work practices, the competencies that are built will create locus of control and self efficacy which ultimately strengthens vocational education graduates' job readiness in Semarang.
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Bianchi, Marta B., Thomas R. Meagher, and Peter E. Gibbs. "Do s genes or deleterious recessives control late-acting self-incompatibility in Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Bignoniaceae)? A diallel study with four full-sib progeny arrays." Annals of Botany 127, no. 6 (February 23, 2021): 723–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab031.
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Abstract Background and Aims Genetically controlled self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms constrain selfing and thus have contributed to the evolutionary diversity of flowering plants. In homomorphic gametophytic SI (GSI) and homomorphic sporophytic SI (SSI), genetic control is usually by the single multi-allelic locus S. Both GSI and SSI prevent self pollen tubes reaching the ovary and so are pre-zygotic in action. In contrast, in taxa with late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI), rejection is often post-zygotic, since self pollen tubes grow to the ovary, where fertilization may occur prior to floral abscission. Alternatively, lack of self fruit set could be due to early-acting inbreeding depression (EID). The aim of our study was to investigate mechanisms underlying the lack of selfed fruit set in Handroanthus heptaphyllus in order to assess the likelihood of LSI versus EID. Methods We employed four full-sib diallels to study the genetic control of LSI in H. heptaphyllus using a precociously flowering variant. We also used fluorescence microscopy to study the incidence of ovule penetration by pollen tubes in pistils that abscised following pollination or initiated fruits. Key Results All diallels showed reciprocally cross-incompatible full sibs (RCIs), reciprocally cross-compatible full sibs (RCCs) and non-reciprocally compatible full sibs (NRCs) in almost equal proportions. There was no significant difference between the incidences of ovule penetrations in abscised pistils following self- and cross-incompatible pollinations, but those in successful cross-pollinations were around 2-fold greater. Conclusions A genetic model postulating a single S locus with four S alleles, one of which, in the maternal parent, is dominant to the other three, will produce RCI, RCC and NRC full sib situations each at 33 %, consistent with our diallel results. We favour this simple genetic control over an EID explanation since none of our pollinations, successful or unsuccessful, resulted in partial embryo development, as would be expected under a whole-genome EID effect.
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Sun, Sheng, Ci Fu, Giuseppe Ianiri, and Joseph Heitman. "The Pheromone and Pheromone Receptor Mating-Type Locus Is Involved in Controlling Uniparental Mitochondrial Inheritance in Cryptococcus." Genetics 214, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 703–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.119.302824.
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Mitochondria are inherited uniparentally during sexual reproduction in the majority of eukaryotic species studied, including humans, mice, and nematodes, as well as many fungal species. Mitochondrial uniparental inheritance (mito-UPI) could be beneficial in that it avoids possible genetic conflicts between organelles with different genetic backgrounds, as recently shown in mice, and it could prevent the spread of selfish genetic elements in the mitochondrial genome. Despite the prevalence of observed mito-UPI, the underlying mechanisms and the genes involved in controlling this non-Mendelian inheritance are poorly understood in many species. In Cryptococcus neoformans, a human pathogenic basidiomyceteous fungus, mating types (MATα and MATa) are defined by alternate alleles at the single MAT locus that evolved from fusion of the two MAT loci (P/R encoding pheromones and pheromone receptors, and HD encoding homeodomain transcription factors) that are the ancestral state in the basidiomycota. Mitochondria are inherited uniparentally from the MATa parent in C. neoformans, and this requires the SXI1α and SXI2a HD factors encoded by MAT. However, there is evidence that additional genes contribute to the control of mito-UPI in Cryptococcus. Here, we show that in C. amylolentus, a sibling species of C. neoformans with unlinked P/R and HD MAT loci, mito-UPI is controlled by the P/R locus and is independent of the HD locus. Consistently, by replacing the MATα alleles of the pheromones (MF) and pheromone receptor (STE3) with the MATa alleles, we show that these P/R locus-defining genes indeed affect mito-UPI in C. neoformans during sexual reproduction. Additionally, we show that during early stages of C. neoformans sexual reproduction, conjugation tubes are always produced by the MATα cells, resulting in unidirectional migration of the MATα nucleus into the MATa cell during zygote formation. This process is controlled by the P/R locus and could serve to physically restrict movement of MATα mitochondria in the zygotes, and thereby contribute to mito-UPI. We propose a model in which both physical and genetic mechanisms function in concert to prevent the coexistence of mitochondria from the two parents in the zygote, and subsequently in the meiotic progeny, thus ensuring mito-UPI in pathogenic Cryptococcus, as well as in closely related nonpathogenic species. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of the evolution of mito-UPI in fungi and other more diverse eukaryotes.
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Witt, Phillip Wilson, and Timothy Baker. "Personality characteristics and Six Sigma: a review." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 35, no. 3 (March 5, 2018): 729–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-09-2016-0152.
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Purpose From two bodies of literature, the purpose of this paper is to generate theory for an updated conceptual model of drivers of Six Sigma project success by integrating extant psychology theory and empirical general team project results with a history of eight recent Six Sigma projects and extant Six Sigma literature. The new theory emphasizes the need for project leads to process information simultaneously, as well as develop prioritization abilities. Also, the new theory reverses the relations of three existing theories from general team composition theory. The new theory suggests that Six Sigma belt trainers should focus more on soft skill development. Design/methodology/approach A literature review of the two bodies of literature previously mentioned. Findings Eight new propositions related to the success of Six Sigma projects are developed. Further, two new constructs, “project leader simultaneity of thought” and “prioritization ability” are suggested for further investigation. Originality/value The authors suggest a few practical implications: first a greater emphasis on soft skill training would be beneficial in Six Sigma belt training. A second new point of emphasis in belt training is developing greater internal locus of control in belt candidates. Third, the authors suggest that during the team member selection process a diversity of backgrounds would be beneficial to Six Sigma project success.
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RÍO-CELESTINO, M. DEL, R. FONT, J. M. FERNÁNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ, and A. DE HARO-BAILÓN. "Genetic control of intermediate erucic acid content in the seed oil of the mutant Ethiopian mustard line L-935." Journal of Agricultural Science 143, no. 1 (February 2005): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859605004818.
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Chemical-mutagen treatment of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) line C-101 seeds (which contained about 441 g/kg C22[ratio ]1) led to isolation of a mutant, L-935, which contained about 190 g/kg erucic acid (intermediate C22[ratio ]1) in the seed oil. The objective was to determine the inheritance of the intermediate C22[ratio ]1 level in this mutant. The mutant L-935 was reciprocally crossed to C-101 and to the mutant line L-2890 (which contained 112 g/kg C22[ratio ]1; low). The F1, F2 and BC1F1 generations were obtained. Cytoplasmic effects were not observed in any of the crosses. The analysis of the fatty acid composition in the F2 populations from the crosses of L-935 with C-101 revealed a segregation pattern fitting a ratio 1[ratio ]2[ratio ]1 for intermediate, high and very high C22[ratio ]1 content. The segregation patterns fitted a one-locus (designated M2) model with two alleles (M2 and mi) and with partial dominance of high over intermediate C22[ratio ]1 content. The segregating generations of the crosses L-935×L-2890 showed a strong transgressive segregation with C22[ratio ]1 values ranged from 1·3–406·5 g/kg. The analyses of the F2, BC1F1 and F3 generations indicated that the combination of alleles at two loci, M1 and M2 controlled the transgressive segregation for C22[ratio ]1 content. The proposed genotypes (C22[ratio ]1 content) for each parent were as follows: L-935 (190 g/kg 22[ratio ]1)=MMmimiEEEE; L-2890 (112 g/kg C22[ratio ]1)=mmmmEEEE; and C-101 (441 g/kg C22[ratio ]1)=MMMMEEEE.
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Chou, Pang-Yun, Rami R. Hallac, Ellen Shih, Jenny Trieu, Anjani Penumatcha, Priyanka Das, Clark A. Meyer, James R. Seaward, and Alex A. Kane. "3D-Printed Models of Cleft Lip and Palate for Surgical Training and Patient Education." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 3 (December 14, 2017): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665617738998.
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Background: Sculpted physical models and castings of the anatomy of cleft lip and palate are used for parent, patient, and trainee education of cleft lip and palate conditions. In this study, we designed a suite of digital 3-dimensional (3D) models of cleft lip and palate anatomy with additive manufacturing techniques for patient education. Methods: CT scans of subjects with isolated cleft palate, unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate, and a control were obtained. Soft tissue and bony structures were segmented and reconstructed into digital 3D models. The oral soft tissues overlying the cleft palate were manually molded with silicone putty and scanned using CT to create digital 3D models. These were then combined with the original model to integrate with segmentable soft tissues. Bone and soft tissues were 3D printed in different materials to mimic the rigidity/softness of the relevant anatomy. These models were presented to the parents/patients at our craniofacial clinic. Visual analog scale (VAS) surveys were obtained pertaining to the particular use of the models, to ascertain their value in parental education. Results: A total of 30 parents of children with cleft conditions completed VAS evaluations. The models provided the parents with a better understanding of their child’s condition with an overall evaluation score of 9.35 ± 0.5. Conclusions: We introduce a suite of 3D-printed models of cleft conditions that has a useful role in patient, parental, and allied health education with highly positive feedback.
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Thomeé, Pia, Peter Währborg, Mats Börjesson, Roland Thomeé, Bengt I. Eriksson, and Jon Karlsson. "A Randomized, Controlled Study of a Rehabilitation Model to Improve Knee-Function Self-Efficacy With ACL Injury." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 19, no. 2 (May 2010): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.19.2.200.
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Context:The Knee Self-Efficacy Scale (K-SES) has good reliability, validity, and responsiveness for patients’ perceived knee-function self-efficacy during rehabilitation after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Preoperative knee-function self-efficacy has also been shown to have a predictive ability in terms of outcome 1 y after ACL reconstruction.Objective:To evaluate a new clinical rehabilitation model containing strategies to enhance knee-function self-efficacy.Design:A randomized, controlled study.Setting:Rehabilitation clinic and laboratory.Patients:40 patients with ACL injuries.Intervention:All patients followed a standardized rehabilitation protocol. Patients in the experimental group were treated by 1 of 3 physiotherapists who had received specific training in a clinical rehabilitation model. These physiotherapists were also given their patients’ self-efficacy scores after the initial and 4-, 6-, and 12-mo follow-ups, whereas the 5 physiotherapists treating the patients in the control group were not given their patients’ self-efficacy scores.Main Outcome Measures:The K-SES, the Tegner Activity Scale, the Physical Activity Scale, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control.Results:Twenty-four patients (12 in each group) completed all followups. Current knee-function self-efficacy, knee symptoms in sports, and knee quality of life improved significantly (P = .05) in both groups during rehabilitation. Both groups had a significantly (P = .05) lower physical activity level at 12 mo than preinjury. No significant differences were found between groups.Conclusion:In this study there was no evidence that the clinical rehabilitation model with strategies to enhance self-efficacy resulted in a better outcome than the rehabilitation protocol used for the control group.
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Baranowski, Tom. "Beliefs as Motivational Influences at Stages in Behavior Change." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 13, no. 1 (April 1992): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/w2ra-9ltf-d84u-fnha.
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A problem for health education practice is how to interest people in making a health behavior change and maintain that interest throughout the behavior change process. Beliefs can provide motivational force for people to perform health behaviors. Five theories: 1) Diffusion of Innovations (DIT); 2) Health Belief Model (HBM); 3) Reasoned Action (TRA); 4) Locus of Control (LOC); and 5) Social Learning (SLT), are reviewed for motivational factors in promoting health behavior changes at each of six stages in the behavior change process: precontemplation, decision, training, initiation, and maintenance. A degree of overlap and complementariness are identified among the theories resulting in a syntheoretical model of beliefs as motivators in the behavior change process. The common emphasis among the theories on expectancies or cost-benefit calculations is highlighted, suggesting several strategies for employing these considerations in health education campaigns. The paucity of motivational ideas for promoting change among the externally controlled—late majority is noted. Further research must be conducted before these ideas should be generally implemented in practice.
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Rosenzweig, R. F. "Regulation of fitness in yeast overexpressing glycolytic enzymes: parameters of growth and viability." Genetical Research 59, no. 1 (February 1992): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300030159.
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SummaryCurrent models predict that large increases over wild-type in the activity of one enzyme will not alter an organism's fitness. This prediction is tested in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the use of a high copy plasmid that bears one of the following: hexokinase B (HEXB), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphofructokinase (PFKAandPFKB), or pyruvate kinase (PYK). Transformants containing these plasmids demonstrate a four to ten-fold increase in enzyme specific activity over either the parent strain or transformants containing the plasmid alone. Haploid and diploid transformants derived from independent backgrounds were grown on both fermentable and non-fermentable carbon sources and evaluated for several components of fitness. These include growth rate under non-limiting conditions, maximum stationary phase density, and viability in extended batch culture. Cell viability is not affected by overproduction of these enzymes. Growth rate and stationary phase density do not differ significantly among strains that overexpressHEXB, PGIor contain the vector alone.PFKA, Btransformants show reduced growth rate on glucose in one background only. For these loci the current model is confirmed. By contrast, when grown on glucose, yeast overexpressingPYKdemonstrate reduced growth rate and increased stationary phase density in both backgrounds. These effects are abolished in cells containing plasmids with a Tn5 disrupted copy of thePYKgene. Our results are consistent with reports that the PYK locus may exert control over the yeast cell cycle and suggest that it will be challenging to model relations between fitness and activity for multifunctional proteins.
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Adhikari, Tika B., Jessica R. Cavaletto, Jorge Dubcovsky, Jorge Omar Gieco, Ana Rosa Schlatter, and Stephen B. Goodwin. "Molecular Mapping of the Stb4 Gene for Resistance to Septoria tritici Blotch in Wheat." Phytopathology® 94, no. 11 (November 2004): 1198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.11.1198.
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Breeding wheat for resistance is the most effective means to control Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici). At least eight genes that confer resistance to STB in wheat have been identified. Among them, the Stb4 locus from the wheat cv. Tadinia showed resistance to M. graminicola at both seedling and adult-plant stages. However, no attempt has been made to map the Stb4 locus in the wheat genome. A mapping population of 77 F10 recombinant-inbred lines (RILs) derived from a three-way cross between the resistant cv. Tadinia and the susceptible parent (Yecora Rojo × UC554) was evaluated for disease resistance and molecular mapping. The RILs were tested with Argentina isolate I 89 of M. graminicola for one greenhouse season in Brazil during 1999, with an isolate from Brazil (IPBr1) for one field season in Piracicaba (Brazil) during 2000, and with Indiana tester isolate IN95-Lafayette-1196-WW-1-4 in the greenhouse during 2000 and 2001. The ratio of resistant:susceptible RILs was 1:1 in all three tests, confirming the single-gene model for control of resistance to STB in Tadinia. However, the patterns of resistance and susceptibility were different between the Indiana isolate and those from South America. For example, the ratio of RILs resistant to both the Indiana and Argentina isolates, resistant to one but susceptible to the other, and susceptible to both isolates was approximately 1:1:1:1, indicating that Tadinia may contain at least two genes for resistance to STB. A similar pattern was observed between the Indiana and Brazil isolates. The gene identified with the Indiana tester isolate was assumed to be the same as Stb4, whereas that revealed by the South American isolates may be new. Bulked-segregant analysis was used to identify amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite markers linked to the presumed Stb4 gene. The AFLP marker EcoRI-ACTG/MseI-CAAA5 and microsatellite Xgwm111 were closely linked to the Stb4 locus in coupling at distances of 2.1 and 0.7 centimorgans (cM), respectively. A flanking marker, AFLP EAGG/ M-CAT10, was 4 cM from Stb4. The Stb4 gene was in a potential supercluster of resistance genes near the centromere on the short arm of wheat chromosome 7D that also contained Stb5 plus five previously identified genes for resistance to Russian wheat aphid. The microsatellite marker Xgwm111 identified in this study may be useful for facilitating the transfer of Stb4 into improved cultivars of wheat.
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Nando, Muhammad Ar, and Indri Wulandari. "Training Of Hand Ling Of Psychological Disorders For West Sumatera Soccer Referee." Jurnal Berkarya Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (November 23, 2019): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jba.v1i2.19.
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The All Indonesia Football Association (PSSI) is a body that takes care of soccer in Indonesia. PSSI is an extension of the parent International organizations namely FIFA and AFC. PSSI has the duty to supervise, develop players and carry out Indonesian league competitions. A lot of efforts have been made by PSSI so that Indonesian football develops towards a better direction. These efforts include improving sports facilities and infrastructure, running tiered competitions, socializing game rules to the public and improving the quality of arbitration. One of the concerns of PSSI is improving the quality of referees. In general, the duties and responsibilities of soccer referees are to apply all the rules of the game when leading the match. If the referee can carry out their duties properly then it is expected that the match can run safely, smoothly, and in control. The partner's problems include: 1) Low referees knowledge of the types of psychological disorders and their remedies, 2) Referees do not really understand the use of media in the psychological handling of matches. The target of this activity is the referees of West Sumatra who have C2 (regional) and C1 (National) licenses of 100 people. The training model that can be given to referees to overcome the psychological problems of referees is given the following solutions: 1) The training and workshops to handle referees 'psychological disorders, 2) The training and workshops on the use of media in psychological referees' disorders. The purpose of this ac tivity is to increase the knowledge of West Sumatra football referees about the types of psychological disorders and how to overcome them, increase the knowledge of West Sumatra football referees about the use of media in handling psychological disorders in referees. The results of these activities concluded: 1) Increased knowledge and understanding of handling psychological disorders in referees, 2) Increased knowledge and understanding of the use of media in improving psychology before the match. This activity also produced articles that were published in the journal IS ISN.
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Scott, J. W., D. M. Francis, S. A. Miller, G. C. Somodi, and J. B. Jones. "Tomato Bacterial Spot Resistance Derived from PI 114490; Inheritance of Resistance to Race T2 and Relationship across Three Pathogen Races." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 5 (September 2003): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.5.0698.
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Crosses were made between tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) inbreds susceptible to races T2 and T3 of bacterial spot (Xanthomonas vesicatoria and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, respectively) and accession PI 114490 with resistance to races T1, T2, and T3. Resistance to race T2 was analyzed using the parents, F1, and F2 generations from one of the crosses. The F1 was intermediate between the parents for disease severity suggesting additive gene action. The segregation of F2 progeny fit a two-locus model (χ2 = 0.96, P = 0.9-0.5) where four resistance alleles are required for a high resistance level, two or three resistance alleles provide intermediate resistance, and zero or one resistance allele results in susceptibility. The narrow sense heritability of resistance to T2 strains was estimated to be 0.37 ± 0.1 based on F2 to F3 parent-offspring regression. A second cross was developed into an inbred backcross (IBC) population to facilitate multilocation replicated testing with multiple races. Segregation for T2 resistance in the inbred backcross population also suggested control was by two loci, lending support to the two-locus model hypothesized based on the F2 segregation. To determine if the same loci conferred resistance to the other races, selections for race T2 resistance were made in the F2 and F3 generations and for race T3 resistance in the F2 through F4 generations. Six T3 selections (F5), 13 T2 selections (F4's that diverged from seven F2 selections), and control lines were then evaluated for disease severity to races T1, T2, and T3 over two seasons. Linear correlations were used to estimate the efficiency of selecting for resistance to multiple races based on a disease nursery inoculated with a single race. Race T1 and race T2 disease severities were correlated (r ≥ 0.80, P< 0.001) within and between years while neither was correlated to race T3 either year. These results suggest that selecting for race T2 resistance in progeny derived from crosses to PI 114490 would be an effective strategy to obtain resistance to both race T1 and T2 in the populations tested. In contrast, selection for race T3 or T2 will be less likely to result in lines with resistance to the other race. PI 114490 had less resistance to T3 than to T2 or T1. Independent segregation of T2 and T3 resistance from the IBC population derived from PI 114490 suggests that T3 resistance is not controlled by the same genes as T2 resistance, supporting the linear correlation data.
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Flippin, Michelle. "4069 Examining the Effects of A Hybrid Communication Coaching Intervention on Fathers’ Responsive Strategy Use with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.127.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This investigation aimed to mitigate barriers to father involvement in communication intervention for children with ASD and contribute to clinical practice by examining the effects of a hybrid parent coaching intervention for fathers of children with ASD that is tailored to fit both father’s interaction and communication styles as well as individual child characteristics. The Hybrid Father Communication Coaching (HFCC) combined online parent coaching lessons with in-person father-child aquatics sessions in order to increase father’s use of responsive verbal and play strategies. Distal effects on child communication were also investigated. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A single subject, multiple baselines across strategies experiment was conducted with one dyad (i.e., father, child with ASD). In the present study, a hybrid father coaching model was used. Parent communication coaching sessions were delivered online, and weekly, father-child aquatics sessions were conducted in person, to provide opportunities for the father to use three targeted responsive strategies (i.e., follow-in comments, follow-in directives, responsive object play) during father-child physical activity. Collateral measures of child communication skills were also investigated. Single subject designs are particularly suitable for autism interventions, as they allow for experimental control with participants who are from heterogeneous populations (McReynolds and Kearn, 1983). The child participant was 5 years, 6 months at the start of intervention and had previously received a community diagnosis of ASD. Throughout the duration of the study, the child attended full-time kindergarten and received in-school speech-language therapy, as a well as 18-20 hours per week of Applied Behavioral Analysis intervention, occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech-language therapy after school. The participating father was a biological parent who resided with the child continuously since birth. The participating father had no other formal parent training in communication intervention before participating. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The hybrid father communication coaching program (HFCC) yielded positive results for both father and child participant. The father quickly achieved a high level of competency using two of the three, targeted strategies (i.e., follow-in comments, follow-in directives). However, use of a third strategy (i.e., responsive object play) was not maintained above baseline levels. The follow-in comments strategy was used by the participating father more frequently than the follow-in directives strategy. Small increases were documented for child use of spontaneous single words across intervention phases and increased single word use over was maintained eight weeks following intervention. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The present study provided information regarding the efficacy of a clinically relevant hybrid parent-coaching program, tailored to both father and child characteristics, to enhance fathers’ use of responsive strategies and increase communication skills for children with ASD.
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Forgatch, Marion S., James J. Snyder, Gerald R. Patterson, Michael R. Pauldine, Yvonne Chaw, Katie Elish, Jasmine B. Harris, and Eric B. Richardson. "Resurrecting the chimera: Progressions in parenting and peer processes." Development and Psychopathology 28, no. 3 (July 18, 2016): 689–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000250.
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AbstractThis report uses 6-year outcomes of the Oregon Divorce Study to examine the processes by which parenting practices affect deviant peer association during two developmental stages: early to middle childhood and late childhood to early adolescence. The participants were 238 newly divorced mothers and their 5- to 8-year-old sons who were randomly assigned to Parent Management Training—Oregon Model (PMTO®) or to a no-treatment control group. Parenting practices, child delinquent behavior, and deviant peer association were repeatedly assessed from baseline to 6 years after baseline using multiple methods and informants. PMTO had a beneficial effect on parenting practices relative to the control group. Two stage models linking changes in parenting generated by PMTO to children's growth in deviant peer association were supported. During the early to middle childhood stage, the relationship of improved parenting practices on deviant peer association was moderated by family socioeconomic status (SES); effective parenting was particularly important in mitigating deviant peer association for lower SES families whose children experience higher densities of deviant peers in schools and neighborhoods. During late childhood and early adolescence, the relationship of improved parenting to youths' growth in deviant peer association was mediated by reductions in the growth of delinquency during childhood; higher levels of early delinquency are likely to promote deviant peer association through processes of selective affiliation and reciprocal deviancy training. The results are discussed in terms of multilevel developmental progressions of diminished parenting, child involvement in deviancy producing processes in peer groups, and increased variety and severity of antisocial behavior, all exacerbated by ecological risks associated with low family SES.
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Capone, Vincenza, Daniela Caso, Anna Rosa Donizzetti, and Fortuna Procentese. "University Student Mental Well-Being during COVID-19 Outbreak: What Are the Relationships between Information Seeking, Perceived Risk and Personal Resources Related to the Academic Context?" Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 7039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177039.
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In light of rising concern about the coronavirus pandemic crisis, a growing number of universities across the world have either postponed or canceled all campus and other activities. This posed new challenges for university students. Based on the classification proposed in the Mental Health Continuum model by Keyes, the aims were to estimate university students’ prevalence of mental health during lookdown outbreak, and to examine the associations between mental health and, respectively, academic stress, self-efficacy, satisfaction for degree course, locus of control, COVID-19 risk perception, taking into account the level of information seeking about pandemic. Overall, 1124 Italian university students completed a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational analyses. Results showed that 22.3% of participants were flourishing, and levels of mental well-being appeared in line with normative values in young Italian adults; levels of academic stress were not significantly higher than those found in other student samples before the COVID-19 outbreak. Students with high levels of information seeking presented higher levels of well-being and risk perception. Results could be considered useful to realize training pathways, to help the university students to improve their well-being, post-pandemic.
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Ulaş, Enver, and Halil Ekşi. "Inclusion of Family Therapy in Rehabilitation Program of Substance Abuse and Its Efficacious Implementation." Family Journal 27, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480719871968.
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The family has been described as the center or heart of societal relationships. There has been a historic neglect of research in area of counseling for the family members of substance abusers. As result, treatment for individual family members affected by alcoholism and drug addiction remains a neglected component of majority of addiction programs. The study used a sample of 36 families who participated in family therapy intensive outpatient and inpatient treatment program during 2 years. This study explored the efficacy of family-based treatment in changing family’s attitudes toward people with addiction and toward specific relative with addiction. The participants were in two groups; ethnographic technique of action research model was used. Participants in the treatment group received treatment session and participants in the control group did not receive treatment session but had a general treatment program in health centers. This study had two phases: (1) recruiting, selecting, interviewing, and determining eligibility of family members from both groups in the study and (2) applying the intervention to the treatment group with the help of cognitive-behavioral group counseling. This treatment program comprised of solution-focused family skilled training therapy, action learning techniques, community and peer mentorship, and parent training was effective in reducing addicts drug ingestion, changing their attitudes about drug use, increasing knowledge of the physical consequences of drug use, and improving competent behaviors. Family therapy enhanced family resilience, structure, and strong ties; the program improved problem-solving skills, coping skills, and family resiliency levels of the addicts.
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Frank Nobre, Sofia, Florencio Vicente Castro, and María Lapa Esteves. "PRODUTIVIDADE: CRITICA (L) RESILIÊNCIA." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 5, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v5.679.
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Abstract.Knowing that resilience is determined by genetic and environmental factors upon the culture of origin, age and gender of the individual (19, 4, 6, 7, 5, 14) and that the issue of productivity is seriously notorious (18, 8 and 3) in the current world of serious competitiveness and insecure survival, it’s prudent to evaluate the relationship between resilience and productivity. Our research, in development, aims to build a new model of psychotherapeutic intervention to develop individual’s resilience and productivity, recognizing which resilience’s categories contribute the most to increase each individual productivity, adapting the interventional model considering the individual resilience skills to develop or acquire. Our non-probabilistic sample, by convenience, comprises workers of both genders, with 35 years old mean. Regarding the business world is of vital importance the employee’s technical competence, as well as their emotional and social skills, since are those that would respond in crisis situations and/or in adaptational urgency (18, 12), therefore focus of our interventional model, with the following psychotherapeutic techniques that had emerged as fundamental to increase productivity: the awareness and promotion of self-esteem and self-confidence, autonomy and independence, internal locus of control, patience, initiative, determination, tenacity and empathy (team spirit and belonging); expectations management and setting realistic goals (realistic notion of control, focusing on the solution and skills enhancement) and finally emotion/stress and negative feedback management (critical situations exposure and training).Keywords: Resilience, Stress and Productivity.Resumo.Sabendo que a resiliência é determinada por factores genéticos e ambientais, mediante a cultura de origem, idade e género do indivíduo (19; 4; 6; 7; 5; 14) e que a questão da produtividade é de séria retumbância (18; 8; 3), no mundo actual de séria competitividade e insegura sobrevivência, torna-se prudente avaliar a relação entre resiliência e produtividade. A nossa investigação, em fase de desenvolvimento, visa a construção de um novo modelo de intervenção psicoterapêutica que desenvolva a resiliência e produtividade de um indivíduo, reconhecendo em que medida as categorias da resiliência contribuem para a produtividade de cada indivíduo, adequando o modelo consoante as competências da resiliência a desenvolver ou adquirir. A nossa amostra de conveniência não probabilística compreende trabalhadores de ambos os géneros. No que concerne o mundo empresarial é de vital importância a competência técnica do trabalhador, assim como as suas competências emocionais e sociais, uma vez que serão estas últimas as que responderão em situações de crise e/ou de necessidade de adaptação (18; 12), e portanto em foco no nosso modelo de intervenção que conta assim com as seguintes técnicas psicoterapêuticas que emergiram fundamentais para o aumento da produtividade: de consciencialização e promoção da auto-estima e autoconfiança, autonomia e independência, locus de controlo interno, paciência, iniciativa, determinação, tenacidade e empatia (espírito de grupo e de pertença); de gestão de expectativas e criação de objectivos realistas (noção realística de controlo, com enfoque na solução e valorização das competências) e finalmente de gestão de emoção/stress e feedback negativo (exposição e treino em situações críticas).Palavras-Chave: Resiliência, Stress e Produtividade
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Donnelly, Elizabeth, and Darcy Siebert. "Occupational Risk Factors in the Emergency Medical Services." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 24, no. 5 (October 2009): 422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00007251.
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AbstractIntroduction:During a medical emergency, the American public often relies on the expertise of emergency medical technicians (EMTs). These professionals face a number of occupational hazards, and the literature suggests that EMTs are at a greater risk of developing physical and mental stress-related disorders. The purpose of this paper is to systematically examine gaps in the extant literature and to present a theoretically driven conceptual model to serve as a basis for future intervention and research efforts.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was conducted utilizing rele-vant databases (e.g., PsychInfo, Medline). All empirical articles regarding emergency medical responders were reviewed, but given the limited research available, relevant theoretical and conceptual literature on the constructs of interest in other, related populations also were included. Based on this extensive review, a modification of the stress process model is suggested to explain the relationships among occupational stress exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and high-risk alcohol and other drug use.Results:Exposure to traumatic events was reported to be between 80% and 100% among EMTs, and rates of PTSD are >20%. High-risk alcohol and drug use rates among other emergency response professionals were reported to be as high as 40%. The proposed model suggests direct linkages between occupationally related stress exposure, including chronic and critical incident stress, PTSD, and high-risk alcohol and other drug use. Social support and personal resources (e.g., coping, locus of control) are proposed to have mediating and moderating influences on the three main constructs, and cohesion is introduced as an important, idiosyncratic influence in this population. The moderating influences of gender, age, ethnicity, marital status, and socioeconomic status, level of training, and years of service are included in the proposed model.Conclusions:High-risk alcohol and other drug use and post-traumatic symptomatology pose substantial risks for EMTs, and consequently, for the patients they serve. It is imperative that researchers develop and test a theoretically grounded model of risk and protective factors that will guide intervention development and future study. The model suggested in this paper, based on a comprehensive literature review and development of theory, represents a critical first step in the intervention research process.
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Singhania, Monica, and Kamal Kumar. "The financial viability of the Yamuna Expressway." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-11-2013-0216.
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Subject area The case focuses on issues concerning infrastructure development by Jaypee Infratech Ltd. (JIL) in the context of emerging market of India. This is undertaken by employing the usage of strength weakness opportunity and threat analysis (SWOT) analysis, political, economical, sociological and technological analysis (PEST) analysis and Porter's Five Forces Model and competitor analysis. It also outlines the importance of financing model adopted with respect to Concessionaire Agreement drafted and executed towards making an infrastructure project financially viable so as to reduce the risk associated with infrastructure projects which requires huge investments and long gestation period. Further, it also highlights the importance of how future projects can be undertaken on the basis of public private partnership (PPP) model. Study level/applicability This case can be used as a teaching tool in the following courses: MBA/Post Graduate Program in Management in Management Accounting, Management Control Systems and Strategic Cost Management. It can be used to explain concepts of SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces Model analysis. Students are also introduced to the technique of financial analysis. Executive training programs for Middle- and Senior-level employees to explain the Infrastructure Financing and Concessionaire Agreement for infrastructure projects. Under-graduate/Post-graduate programs in Entrepreneurship. Case overview JIL was established as a Special Purpose Vehicle in 2007 to execute the Yamuna Expressway project. Originally the contract was awarded to parent company Jai Prakash Associates Ltd. in 2003. The project entails financing, construction, operation, maintenance and collection of toll for 36 years and then transferring it back to Government of Uttar Pradesh of 165.5 km Yamuna Expressway, and subsequently development of 530-million square feet of area from five parcels of land earmarked along the expressway. The project highlights how a PPP infrastructure project can be made financially viable. Expected learning outcomes SWOT analysis was used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to a company. Also, application of Porter's Five Forces Model was done to analyze an industry. Determining quantitative terms like Long-Term Return on equity, Return on Capital Employed, Book Value vs Market value, Net Margins, Income Tax benefits enjoyed under section 80-IA and Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT); determining financial viability of an infrastructure project over its entire life cycle. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes
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Hartono, Hartono. "KEEFEKTIFAN KONSELING RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR UNTUK MEREDUKSI PERILAKU MENYONTEK SISWA SMA." Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan 32, no. 2 (October 10, 2018): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/pip.322.4.
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This study aims to apply rational emotive behavior counseling as an effort to reduce cheating behavior of high school students. The design of this study was conducted using a quasi experimental method approach with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design research design. Data analysis techniques using Wilcoxon mached-pairs signed test, with the Asymp.Sig (2-Tailed) 0.028 <0.05, which shows a significant difference. The Z test value is -0.730 with the Asymp.Sig (2-Tailed) number 0.466, because of the Asymp.Sig (2-Tailed) value> 0.05, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference between the posttest value and the experimental group value with the control group, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted which means that rational emotive behavior counseling is effective in reducing student cheating behavior. The study was carried out starting from January to March 2018, which took place at Darul Hikmah High School. Based on the results of the study, the researchers proposed several suggestions, among others (1) BK teachers, counseling rational emotive behavior can be applied by BK teachers to reduce student cheating behavior practically and can be easily applied; (2) for researchers furthermore, this research uses the pretest and posttest control group design research models, for the next researcher can use other research designs such as action research in BK, or other experimental research.
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