Relevant bibliographies by topics / Parent stress

Academic literature on the topic 'Parent stress'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Parent stress"

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Galloway, Helen, Emily Newman, Nicola Miller, and Clare Yuill. "Does Parent Stress Predict the Quality of Life of Children With a Diagnosis of ADHD? A Comparison of Parent and Child Perspectives." Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 5 (May 13, 2016): 435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716647479.

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Objective: There are indicators that parental psychological factors may affect how parents evaluate their child’s quality of life (QoL) when the child has a health condition. This study examined the impact of parents’ perceived stress on parent and child ratings of the QoL of children with ADHD. Method: A cross-sectional sample of 45 matched parent–child dyads completed parallel versions of the KIDSCREEN-27. Children were 8 to 14 years with clinician diagnosed ADHD. Results: Parents who rated their child’s QoL lower than their child had higher perceived stress scores. Parent stress was a unique predictor of child QoL from parent proxy-rated but not child-rated QoL scores. Conclusion: Parents’ perceived stress may play an important role in their assessments of their child’s QoL, suggesting both parent and child perspectives of QoL should be utilized wherever possible. Interventions that target parent stress may contribute to improvements in the child’s QoL.
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Parks, Elizabeth P., Anne Kazak, Shiriki Kumanyika, Lisa Lewis, and Frances K. Barg. "Perspectives on Stress, Parenting, and Children’s Obesity-Related Behaviors in Black Families." Health Education & Behavior 43, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198115620418.

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Objective. In an effort to develop targets for childhood obesity interventions in non-Hispanic-Black (Black) families, this study examined parental perceptions of stress and identified potential links among parental stress and children’s eating patterns, physical activity, and screen-time. Method. Thirty-three self-identified Black parents or grandparents of a child aged 3 to 7 years were recruited from a large, urban Black church to participate in semistructured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results. Parents/grandparents described a pathway between how stress affected them personally and their child’s eating, structured (sports/dance) and unstructured (free-play) physical activity, and screen-time usage, as well as strategies to prevent this association. Five themes emerged: stress affects parent behaviors related to food and physical activity variably; try to be healthy even with stress; parent/grandparent stress eating and parenting; stress influences family cooking, food choices, and child free-play; and screen-time use to decrease parent stress. Negative parent/grandparent response to their personal stress adversely influenced food purchases and parenting related to child eating, free-play, and screen-time. Children of parents/grandparents who ate high-fat/high-sugar foods when stressed requested these foods. In addition to structured physical activity, cooking ahead and keeping food in the house were perceived to guard against the effects of stress except during parent cravings. Parent/child screen-time helped decrease parent stress. Conclusion. Parents/grandparents responded variably to stress which affected the child eating environment, free-play, and screen-time. Family-based interventions to decrease obesity in Black children should consider how stress influences parents. Targeting parent cravings and coping strategies that utilize structure in eating and physical activity may be useful intervention strategies.
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COWEN, EMORY L., PETER A. WYMAN, WILLIAM C. WORK, JULIA Y. KIM, DOUGLAS B. FAGEN, and KEITH B. MAGNUS. "Follow-up study of young stress-affected and stress-resilient urban children." Development and Psychopathology 9, no. 3 (September 1997): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579497001326.

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Reports follow-up study of 181 young highly stressed urban children, classified as stress-resilient (SR) and stress-affected (SA) 1½–2 years earlier. At follow-up (T2), children were retested on five initial (T1) test measures: self-rated adjustment, perceived competence, social problem solving, realistic control attributions, and empathy; parents and teachers did new child adjustment ratings, and parents participated in a phone interview focusing on the T1–T2 interval. Child test and adjustment measures and parent interview responses at T2 sensitively differentiated children classified as SR and SA at T1. Test and interview variables used at T1 and T2 correlated moderately across time periods. At T2, four child test indicators (i.e., rule conformity, global self-worth, social problem solving, and realistic control attributions) and four parent interview variables (positive future expectations for the child, absence of predelinquency indicators, good parent mental health in the past year, and adaptive parent coping strategies) sensitively differentiated children classified as SR and SA at T1. No relationship was found between family stress experienced in the T1–T2 interval and changes in children's adjustment during that period.
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Schwartzman, Jessica M., Antonio Y. Hardan, and Grace W. Gengoux. "Parenting stress in autism spectrum disorder may account for discrepancies in parent and clinician ratings of child functioning." Autism 25, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321998560.

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Elevated parenting stress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder is well-documented; however, there is limited information about variability in parenting stress and relationships with parent ratings of child functioning. The aim of this study was to explore profiles of parenting stress among 100 parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder enrolled in two clinical trials and potential relationships between parenting stress and parent ratings of child functioning at the baseline timepoint. Secondary aims examined differential patterns of association between parenting stress profiles and parent versus clinician ratings of child functioning. A k-means cluster analysis yielded three different profiles of parenting stress (normal, elevated, and clinically significant) using scores on the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form. One-way analyses of variance revealed differential patterns of parent ratings across the three parenting stress profiles on certain domains of child functioning (e.g. problem behaviors and social impairment) and family empowerment, but similar ratings of child receptive and expressive language abilities. Clinicians blinded to study conditions also rated child functioning, but clinician ratings did not differ by parenting stress profile. Findings emphasize the importance of identifying parenting stress profiles and understanding their relationship with parent ratings, with implications for interpreting parent-report measures and measuring child response in treatment trials. Lay abstract Elevated parenting stress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder is well-documented; however, there is limited information about differences in parenting stress and potential relationships with parent ratings of child functioning. The aim of this study was to explore profiles of parenting stress among 100 parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder enrolled in two clinical trials and to explore relationships between parenting stress level and parent ratings of child functioning before treatment. Secondary aims examined differential patterns of association between parenting stress profiles and parent versus clinician ratings of child functioning. We show that stress may influence parent ratings of certain child behaviors (e.g. problem behaviors) and not others (e.g. language), yet clinician ratings of these same children do not differ. This new understanding of parenting stress has implications for parent-rated measures, tracking treatment outcome, and the design of clinical trials.
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Almeida, David M., and Daniel McDonald. "Weekly rhythms of parents' work stress, home stress, and parent-adolescent tension." New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 1998, no. 82 (December 1998): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219988205.

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Akyurek, Gokcen, Sedanur Gurlek, Leyla Kaya Ozturk, and Gonca Bumin. "The effect of parent-based occupational therapy on parents of children with cerebral palsy: a randomised controlled trial." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 30, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2022.0074.

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Background/Aims Parents of children with cerebral palsy face higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression, sadness, exhaustion and burnout. Parent-based therapies have been found to increase parents' satisfaction with therapy, parent–child interactions and reduced parental stress. This study examined the effects of parent-based occupational therapy on stress levels, coping skills, and emotional skills and competencies of parents of children with cerebral palsy. Methods A total of 15 children and their parents who were admitted to the paediatric rehabilitation unit for occupational therapy were divided into two groups (control group: n=7, study group: n=8) using the coin toss randomisation method. The control group received standard occupational therapy, while the study group received parent-based occupational therapy for 45 minutes a session, twice a week, until 10 sessions had been completed. Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results The study group showed a decrease in stress levels (P=0.034) and increases in coping skills (P=0.016), and emotional skills and competencies (P=0.036). In addition, only an improvement in parents' stress levels (P=0.046) was observed in the control group. Conclusions The parent-based occupational therapy programme was more effective regarding stress levels, coping skills, emotional skills and competencies of the families of children with cerebral palsy compared to classical occupational therapy. This study is important in terms of demonstrating the benefits of parent-based occupational therapy for parents of children with cerebral palsy.
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Burke, Meghan M., Neilson Chan, and Cameron L. Neece. "Parent Perspectives of Applying Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Strategies to Special Education." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 55, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-55.3.167.

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Abstract Parents of children with (versus without) intellectual and developmental disabilities report greater stress; such stress may be exacerbated by dissatisfaction with school services, poor parent-school partnerships, and the need for parent advocacy. Increasingly, mindfulness interventions have been used to reduce parent stress. However, it is unclear whether parents apply mindfulness strategies during the special education process to reduce school-related stress. To investigate whether mindfulness may reduce school-related stress, interviews were conducted with 26 parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities who completed a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention. Participants were asked about their stress during meetings with the school, use of mindfulness strategies in communicating with the school, and the impact of such strategies. The majority of parent participants reported: special education meetings were stressful; they used mindfulness strategies during IEP meetings; and such strategies affected parents' perceptions of improvements in personal well-being, advocacy, family-school relationships, and access to services for their children. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
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Çekiç, Ali, and Kader Karageyik. "ANALYZING PARENTING STRESS IN TERMS OF PARENTAL SELF-EFFICACY AND PARENT-CHILD COMMUNICATION." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 6, no. 40 (June 25, 2021): 14–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.640002.

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The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between parenting stress, parental self-efficacy, and parent-child communication. 492 parents participated in the study. 200 of the participants are fathers and 292 are mothers. For data collection, the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF) Perceived Parental Self-Efficacy Scale, Parent-Child Communication Scale, and Demographic Information Form were used. The differences among parenting stress, parental self-efficacy, and parent-child communication across demographic variables were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 program. At the same time, the effects of demographic variables on parenting stress and parent-adolescence communication were examined. To the findings, it is found that mothers and low-income level parents had higher parenting stress and no significant difference for other demographic variables was observed. A medium-level negative correlation was found between parenting stress and parent self-efficacy and parent-child communication variable. Additionally, self-efficacy and communication predicted 15.5% of parenting stress. According to the standardized regression coefficient, and when the relative significance level of predictive variables on parenting stress was analyzed, it can be seen that the most predictive variable was self-efficacy (β=-.255) and followed by communication (β=-.174).
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McDonald, Kyla P., Jennifer Connolly, Samantha D. Roberts, Meghan K. Ford, Robyn Westmacott, Nomazulu Dlamini, Emily W. Y. Tam, and Tricia Williams. "The Response to Stress Questionnaire for Parents Following Neonatal Brain Injury." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 45, no. 9 (July 14, 2020): 1005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa059.

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Abstract Objective The Response to Stress Questionnaire-Brain Injury (RSQ-BI) was adapted utilizing a patient-oriented approach, exploring parental stress, coping, and associated mental health outcomes in parents of children with neonatal brain injury. The contributions of social risk, child adaptive functioning, and brain injury severity were also explored. Methods Using a mixed-method design, this study explored adapted stressor items on the RSQ-BI. Parents and clinicians engaged in semistructured interviews to examine key stressors specific to being a parent of a child with neonatal brain injury. The adapted RSQ-BI was piloted in a parent sample (N = 77, child mean age 1 year 7 months) with established questionnaires of social risk, child adaptive functioning, severity of the child’s injury, coping style, and parent mental health. Descriptive statistics and correlations examined parent stress, coping, and their association with parent mental health. Results The final RSQ-BI questionnaire included 15 stressors. Factor analysis showed stressors loaded onto two factors related to (a) daily role stressors and (b) brain injury stressors. Using the RSQ-BI, parents reported brain injury stressors as more stressful than daily role stressors. When faced with these stressors, parents were most likely to engage in acceptance-based coping strategies and demonstrated lower symptoms of parent depression and anxiety. Conclusions The RSQ-BI provides a valuable adaptation to understand both stressors and coping specific to being a parent of a child with neonatal brain injury. Relevant interventions that promote similar coping techniques are discussed for future care and research.
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Bautista, Tara, Rajita Sinha, Wendy Silverman, and Ania Jastreboff. "459 Parenting Stress and Drinking to Cope Association with Early Childhood Risk Behaviors." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 6, s1 (April 2022): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2022.269.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Parent stress and coping impacts reward and motivation circuits during child development which influence self-regulation. One well known maladaptive coping response is alcohol or drinking-to-cope (DTC). This study assessed differences in stress and child behaviors among DTC parents as compared to non-DTC parents. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Baseline data was used from parents of a 2-5-year-old who were screened for a larger study assessing a mindfulness-based parent stress reduction intervention to improve healthy choices for themselves and their families. The sample included 172 parent-child dyads, mean parent age was 34.4 (6.1) years old, 56.3% white, mean child age was 3.6 (1.2) years old, 52.3% male. Subjective stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), parent-specific stress was assessing using the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), DTC was assessed using the COPE inventory, and child behaviors were assessed using the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment. To investigate the differences in stress and child behaviors between DTC parents and non-DTC parents independent samples t-tests were conducted. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: DTC was significantly correlated with PSS (r= 0.23, p<.01), PSI (r= 0.26, p<.01), child self-control (r= -0.16, p= .03), child attention problems (r= 0.22, p<.01), and total behavioral concerns (r= 0.16, p=.04). After excluding those who do not drink alcohol at all, we found significantly higher perceived stress among DTC parents (M= 27.83, SD= 9.79) compared to non-DTC parents (M= 23.79, SD= 8.40), t(80)= 2.02, p= .02. For children, we found significantly higher aggression scores for children of DTC parents (M= 47.16, SD= 31.69) compared to children of non-DTC parents (M=35.83, SD=25.72), t(84)= 1.83, p= .04. And greater attention problems among children of DTC parents (M= 73.97, SD= 26.77) compared to children of non-DTC parents (M= 56.71, SD= 34.09), t(84)=2.63, p=.01. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Stress and DTC may contribute to negative behaviors in children. An intervention designed to decrease stress and increase adaptive coping mechanism in parents could benefit health child socioemotional and behavioral development. Future analyses will examine third variable effects in the relationship between stress, coping, and child behaviors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Parent stress"

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Whipple, Ellen E. "The role of parental stress in physically abusive families /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11195.

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Hwang, Ching-Hui. "Parental Stress, Parental Attitude, and Preschoolers' Academic, Social and Emotional Maturity." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331161/.

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This study investigated the relationships among the variables of parental stress, parental attitude, and preschoolers' academic, social and emotional maturity. The purposes of the investigation were to measure the relationship between parental stress and parental attitude, and to determine whether parental attitude and parental stress differed in their ability to predict preschoolers' behavioral maturity.
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Martin, Susan Gail. "Parent stress and use of respite services /." Title page, absract and contents only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PM/09pmm383.pdf.

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Tang, Ho-kin. "Adolescents' experience of parental divorce : intra-personal and inter-personal stress, struggle and coping /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20130892.

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Smith, Ashlyn L. "Parental Stress and its Relation to Parental Perceptions of Communication Following Language Intervention." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/35.

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Current research indicates that parents of children with developmental disabilities experience more parental stress than parents of typically developing children, yet most are able to successfully cope with the additional care giving demands. There has been little research however, on the role of the communication ability of children with developmental disabilities on parental stress. This study examined the effects of a parent-implemented language intervention on parental stress and its relation to parental perceptions of communication development in young toddlers (N = 59) and their parents. Results indicate that parent stress did not decrease significantly following language intervention. Parents’ perceptions about the severity of their child’s communication deficits partially mediated the relationship between expressive language at baseline and parent stress at post-intervention. In addition, exploratory results begin to support the idea that parents who are initially high in parent stress are able to decrease their overall parent stress following language intervention.
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Lee, Ka-yee Cavy. "Effects of single parenthood on children: mediated by parenting stress and parent-child relationship." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29726335.

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Ehrlick, Angela L. W. "Disruptive Behaviors in Early Childhood: The Role of Parent Discipline and Parent Stress." DigitalCommons@USU, 2002. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6171.

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Externalizing behavior problems during early childhood are fairly common, with approximately 10% to 15% of young children exhibiting at least mild to moderate disruptive behaviors. Of great significance, disruptive behaviors persist beyond early childhood for a substantial number of children and are related to impaired functioning 111 for children and families. Parent discipline and parent stress are two variables that have been examined in relation to children's disruptive behaviors. While a significant body of research has documented the association between broad parental discipline strategies and behavior problems during early childhood, little research attention has been devoted to specific discipline techniques that may be related to disruptive behaviors. This study surveyed 30 parents of children with behavior problems and 57 parents of children without behavior problems about the discipline techniques they use with their preschool children. The relationships between the specific techniques parents use with their young children, parents' perceived stress level, and parent-reported child behavior problems were examined. Telling the child "no," corrective feedback, lecturing, and scolding were the discipline techniques parents reported using most often. The discipline techniques of corrective feedback and threats as well as parent stress emerged as significant predictors of disruptive behaviors. Conclusions and clinical implications of these findings are provided.
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Baillie, Sheila. "Housing- and neighborhood-related stress of female heads of single-parent households." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53616.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of housing- and neighborhood-related deficits and stress in female heads of single-parent households. The main objectives were to determine: (1) if a correlation existed between the characteristics of the housing and neighborhood occupied by single-parent households and the number of deficits they reported; (2) if a correlation existed between the number of housing and neighborhood deficits and the amount of stress reported; and (3) what specific housing and neighborhood deficits were significantly associated with stress. A proportionate sample was drawn systematically from the 1983 school census data of Roanoke County and the independent city of Roanoke, Virginia. A self administered questionnaire was developed, pretested, and mailed to 1000 mothers of elementary school aged children and 162 usable responses were obtained. The Langner 22-item Index of Mental Illness was used to measure stress. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, linear regression, and multiple regression with controls for the effect of extraneous variables on stress. Significant differences were found between the number of deficits reported and several characteristics of the respondents’ housing, including the type of dwelling, length of tenancy, method of housing payment, and dwelling satisfaction. A significant positive relationship was also found between the number of housing- and neighborhood-related deficits and the stress level of the respondents. Twelve of the 48 possible housing deficits were significantly related to stress (p < .01). These included inadequate size of rooms, inadequate space for family activities, entertaining, or children’s activities in the kitchen, no separate bedroom for the parent, lack of freedom to make changes in the Interior of the dwelling, inadequate Indoor storage, hard—to clean materials on the floors and in the bathroom, bedrooms not large enough for needed furnishings, no assigned parking space, and lack of privacy for family members. Four of the 21 possible neighborhood deficits were significantly related to stress (p < .01). These included inadequate police surveillance, lack of social acceptance of the single-parent lifestyle, and neighborhoods which were not clean or were not pleasant and attractive looking.
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Noqamza, Mtandiwesizwe Patriot. "Emotional experiences of adolescents from single-parent families." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1275.

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Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Community Psychology at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2012.
The aim of this study was to investigate the emotional experiences of adolescents from single-parent families; the primary aim being to determine whether adolescents display emotional experiences that differ from those of adolescents from both-parent families (intact families). Literature reveals that single parenting is strongly associated with an increased risk of negative social, behavioural and emotional outcomes ( Callister, Burks, & Suart 2006; Ge, Conger, & Eelder, 2005). A quasi-experimental design was adopted for this study. A sample of one hundred learners in grade 12 at one of the Bizana senior secondary schools was selected for this study. Their ages ranged from 16yrs to 18yrs. Sample selection was purposive. Of the 100 learners that were selected, half of them were from-single-parent families and the other half was from both-parent families. Each of these learners was asked to complete a questionnaire that would objectively assess them on six dimensions of psychological well-being. Ryff’s 18 item psychological well-being questionnaire was used. The six dimensions of psychological well-being, namely autonomy (a), personal growth (pg), environmental mastery (em), purpose in life (pl), positive relations with others (pr) and self-acceptance (sa).
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Griffin, Melody Marie Adler-Baeder Francesca M. "The beliefs about PVA harm survey testing the factor structure, validity, and relationship to use of parental verbal aggression and stress /." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1476.

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Books on the topic "Parent stress"

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Stress strategies for parents. New York: Berkley Books, 1993.

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Abidin, Richard R. Parenting Stress Index: Professional manual. 3rd ed. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1995.

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Lancer, Bob. Parenting with love: Without anger or stress. Marietta, GA: Parenting Solutions, 1997.

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Natalie, Williams, ed. Your marriage can survive a newborn. Nashville, Tenn: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2005.

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Wright, H. Norman. Helping teens handle stress. San Bernardino, CA: Here's Life Publishers, 1987.

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Adolescents in turmoil, parents under stress: A pastoral ministry primer. New York: Paulist Press, 1987.

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Sainte-Justine, Centre hospitalier universitaire, ed. Pour parents débordés et en manque d'énergie. Montréal: Éditions du CHU Sainte-Justine, 2006.

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Lieberman, Alicia F. Psychotherapy with infants and young children: Repairing the effects of stress and trauma on early attachment. New York: Guilford Press, 2011.

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Helping your teenager deal with stress. Los Angeles, CA: J.P. Tarcher, 1986.

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Dolin, Ann K. Homework made simple: Tips, tools, and solutions for stress-free homework. Washington, DC: Advantage Books, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Parent stress"

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Owton, Helen. "Stress Management." In Studying as a Parent, 102–11. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-33058-1_8.

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Sato, Sara K., Callie Plattner, Justin B. Leaf, Misty L. Oppenheim-Leaf, Joseph H. Cihon, Marlene Driscoll, Ronald Leaf, Lorri Shealy Unumb, and Mary Jane Weiss. "Parental Stress and Effective Parent Training for Parents of Individuals Diagnosed with ASD." In Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorder, 209–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88538-0_8.

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Havighurst, Sophie, and Christiane Kehoe. "The Role of Parental Emotion Regulation in Parent Emotion Socialization: Implications for Intervention." In Parental Stress and Early Child Development, 285–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55376-4_12.

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Finegood, Eric D., and Clancy Blair. "Poverty, Parent Stress, and Emerging Executive Functions in Young Children." In Parental Stress and Early Child Development, 181–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55376-4_8.

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Deater-Deckard, Kirby, and Robin Panneton. "Unearthing the Developmental and Intergenerational Dynamics of Stress in Parent and Child Functioning." In Parental Stress and Early Child Development, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55376-4_1.

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Stephens, Mary Ann Parris, Melissa M. Franks, Lynn M. Martire, Tina R. Norton, and Audie A. Atienza. "Women at midlife: Stress and rewards of balancing parent care with employment and other family roles." In How caregiving affects development: Psychological implications for child, adolescent, and adult caregivers., 147–67. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11849-005.

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Trentacosta, Christopher J., Jessica L. Irwin, Laura M. Crespo, and Marjorie Beeghly. "Financial Hardship and Parenting Stress in Families with Young Children with Autism: Opportunities for Preventive Intervention." In Handbook of Parent-Implemented Interventions for Very Young Children with Autism, 79–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90994-3_5.

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Capaldi, Deborah M., and Gerald R. Patterson. "Parental Stress." In Recent Research in Psychology, 137–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3562-0_10.

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Islam, Mirza Mofazzal, Shamsun Nahar Begum, and Rigyan Gupta. "High-yielding NERICA mutant rice for upland areas and hope for Bangladeshi farmers." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 53–64. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0006.

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Abstract Drought is an important stress phenomenon in Bangladesh that greatly hampers crop production. So, it is imperative to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Low-yielding, non-uniform flowering and late-maturing Africa rice - New Rice for Africa (NERICA), viz. NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 varieties - were irradiated with different doses of gamma-rays (250, 300 and 350 Gy) in 2010. M1 plants were grown and M2 plants were selected based on earliness and higher grain yield. The desired mutants along with other mutants were grown as the M3 generation during 2011. A total of 37 mutants from NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 were selected on the basis of plant height, short duration, drought tolerance and high yield in the M4 generation. In the M5 generation, six mutants were selected for drought tolerance, earliness, grain quality and higher yield. With respect to days to maturity and grain yield (t/ha), the mutant N1/250/P-2-6-1 of NERICA-1 matured earlier (108 days) and had higher grain yield (5.1 t/ha) than the parent. The mutant N4/350/P-4(5) of NERICA-4 also showed a higher grain yield (6.2 t/ha) than its parent and other mutants. On the other hand, NERICA-10 mutant N10/350/P-5-4 matured earlier and had a higher yield (4.5 t/ha) than its parent. Finally, based on agronomic performance and drought tolerance, the two mutants N4/350/P-4(5) and N10/350/P-5-4 were selected and were evaluated in drought-prone and upland areas during 2016 and 2017. These two mutants performed well with higher grain yield than the released upland rice varieties. They will be released soon for commercial cultivation and are anticipated to play a vital role in food security in Bangladesh.
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Crnic, Keith, and Emily Ross. "Parenting Stress and Parental Efficacy." In Parental Stress and Early Child Development, 263–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55376-4_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Parent stress"

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Jones, Jessica, Amy Greene, Sangeeta Krishna, Amy Nowacki, Christine Traul, and Johanna Goldfarb. "Investigating Parent Needs, Participation, and Stress in the Children's Hospital." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.415.

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Jones, Jessica, Amy Greene, Sangeeta Krishna, Amy Nowacki, Christine Traul, and Johanna Goldfarb. "Investigating Parent Needs, Participation, and Stress in the Children's Hospital." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.415-a.

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Fu, Xiaoyu. "Parenting Stress and Children's Behavior Problems: The Moderating Role of Parent-Child Relationship." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1576509.

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Davies, Catrin M., Robert C. Wimpory, David W. Dean, and Kamran M. Nikbin. "Specimen Geometry Effects on Creep Crack Initiation and Growth in Parent Materials and Weldments." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57330.

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High temperature crack growth in weldments is of great practical concern in high temperature plant components. Cracking typically occurs in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and often propagates into adjacent parent material (PM). Recently, the importance of constraint effects on creep crack growth behaviour has been recognised and creep crack growth testing on a range of specimen geometries has been performed. Experimental crack growth testing has been performed at 550 °C on a range of fracture specimens using sections taken from a non-stress-relieved 316 steel weldment. These specimens include the compact tension, C(T), middle tension, M(T) and circumferentially cracked bar, CCB, geometries. Results are presented from two long-term creep crack growth (CCG) tests performed on M(T) weldment specimens and these are compared with available data on C(T) and CCB weldment specimens together with both long and short term tests on parent material for a range of specimen geometries. The creep crack initiation (CCI) and growth (CCG) behaviour from these tests has been analysed in terms of the C* parameter. As high levels of residual stress exist in non-stress-relieved weldments, the residual stresses remaining in the weldment specimens have therefore been quantified using the neutron diffraction technique. Long-term (low-load) tests are required on PM specimen to observe specimen constraint effects in 316 steel at 550 °C. When interpreted in terms of the C* parameter the CCG behavior of PM and Weldment materials follow the same trendline on low constraint geometries. However, significant difference is observed in the CCG behavior of PM and weldments on the high constraint C(T) geometry. Long term tests on C(T) specimen weldments are required to confirm the results found.
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Jeon, Geun-hye, and Sung-JE Cho. "A Study on the Difference in Parenting Stress and Parent-Children Communication According to General Features of Parents-Centered Around 00 City of Gyeongsangnam-do." In Education 2015. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015.92.29.

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Sangnimnuan, Anusarn, Jiawei Li, Kan Wu, and Stephen A. Holditch. "Impact of Parent Well Depletion on Stress Changes and Infill Well Completion in Multiple Layers in Permian Basin." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2019-972.

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Mjali, Kadephi V., Annelize Els-Botes, and Peter M. Mashinini. "Residual Stress Distribution and the Concept of Total Fatigue Stress in Laser and Mechanically Formed Commercially Pure Grade 2 Titanium Alloy Plates." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2604.

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This paper discusses the investigation of residual stresses developed as a result of mechanical and laser forming processes in commercially pure grade 2 Titanium alloy plates as well as the concept of total fatigue stress. The intention of the study was to bend the plates using the respective processes to a final radius of 120mm using both processes. The hole drilling method was used to measure residual strains in all the plates. High stress gradients were witnessed in the current research and possible cases analyzed and investigated. The effects of processing speeds and powers used also played a significant role in the residual stress distribution in all the formed plates. A change in laser power resulted in changes to residual stress distribution in the plates evaluated. This study also dwells into how the loads that are not normally incorporated in fatigue testing influence fatigue life of commercially pure grade 2 Titanium alloy plates. Also, the parent material was used to benchmark the performance of the two forming processes in terms of stresses developed. Residual stresses developed from the two forming processes and those obtained from the parent material were used. The residual stress values were then added to the mean stress and the alternating stress from the fatigue machine to develop the concept of total fatigue stress. This exercise indicated the effect of these stresses on the fatigue life of the parent material, laser and mechanically formed plate samples. A strong link between these stresses was obtained and formulae explaining the relationship formulated. A comparison between theory and practical application shown by test results is found to be satisfactory in explaining concerns that may arise. The laser forming process is more influential in the development of residual stress, compared to the mechanical forming process. With each parameter change in laser forming there is a change in residual stress arrangement. Under the influence of laser forming the stress is more tensile in nature making the laser formed plate specimens more susceptible to early fatigue failure. The laser and mechanical forming processes involve bending of the plate samples and most of these samples experienced a two-dimensional defect which is a dislocation. The dislocation is the defect responsible for the phenomenon of slip by which most metals deform plastically. Also the high temperatures experienced in laser forming were one of the major driving factors in bending.
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Han, Jae-Jun, Yun-Jae Kim, and Kuk-Hee Lee. "Effect of Creep Mismatch Factor on Stress Redistribution in Welded Branch Pipes." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25373.

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This paper describe steady state stress distribution into the weld metal of welded branch components using detailed three dimensional elastic creep finite element analyses. In order to show the effect of the loading mode, this research is carried out under various loading conditions such as internal pressure, in-plane bending to the branch pipe and out-of-plane bending to branch pipe. Also, to generalize the unique aspect, three geometries of branch components including welded large bore branch, medium bore branch, and trunnion are considered. It is a well-known fact that the creep strain rate of welds material is faster than that of parent material. Therefore, the creep exponent and constants for the parent and weld metal are systematically varied to analyze under-matching, even-matching and over-matching conditions in creep. It can be shown that mismatch effect can be quantified as mismatch factor with specific characteristics.
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Yanagida, Nobuyoshi. "Study on Stress-Strain Relation for Type 316L Stainless Steel Using Mixed Hardening Law." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61404.

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To determine stress-strain diagrams for a pipe butt joint of type 316L stainless steel, stress-strain diagrams for pipe specimens subjected to monotonic uniaxial tensile load were measured. Tensile-test specimens were extracted from the deposited metal area, heat-affected zone, and parent-material area of the pipe butt joint. The specimens of the deposited-metal area and the heat-affected zone were extracted from positions at the pipe inner surface, mid-thickness, and the pipe outer surface. The measurement temperatures were 20, 300, 600, and 800°C. The measured stress-strain diagrams show that measured stress at the same given strain increases from measurement point on the outer surfer of the pipe to that on the inner surface. This stress increase is thought to be related to the number of thermal-load cycles used for the weld. The number of cycles at the pipe inner surface was greater than that at the pipe outer surface. To use the measured stress-strain diagrams in a thermal elasto-plastic analysis of welding residual stress and distortion, the measured diagrams for the deposited-metal-area pipe specimen and the parent-material-area pipe specimen were fitted to calculated diagrams by using an isotropic/kinematic mixed hardening law. Material constants for approximating the stress-strain diagrams for the parent-material specimen and deposited-metal specimen were determined. The calculated stress-strain diagrams derived from the isotropic/kinematic mixed hardening law show good agreement with the measured stress-strain diagrams.
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Lerza, Alejandro, Sergio Cuervo, and Sahil Malhotra. "Closing the Gap in Characterizing the Parent Child Effect for Unconventional Reservoirs - A Case of Study in Vaca Muerta Shale Formation." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206001-ms.

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Abstract In Shale and Tight, the term "Parent-Child effect" refers to the impact the depleted area and corresponding stress changes originated by the production of a previously drilled well, the "parent", has over the generated hydraulic fracture geometry, conforming initial drainage area and consequent production performance of a new neighbor well, called "child". Such effect might be considered analogous to the no flow boundary created when the drainage areas of two wells meet at a certain distance from them in conventional reservoirs; but, unconventional developments exhibit higher exposure to a more impactful version of this phenomena, given their characteristic tighter well spacing and the effect pressure depletion of the nearby area by the neighbor well has over the child well's hydraulic fracture development. Due to the importance the Parent-Child effect has for unconventional developments, this study aims first to generally characterize this effect and then quantify its expected specific project impact based on real field data from the Vaca Muerta formation. To do so, we developed a methodology where fracture and reservoir simulation were applied for calibrating a base model using field observed data such as microseismic, tracers, daily production data and well head pressure measurements. The calibrated model was then coupled with a geomechanical reservoir simulator and used to predict pressure and stress tensor profiles across different depletion times. On these different resulting scenarios, child wells were hydraulically fractured with varying well spacing and completion designs. Finally, the Expected Ultimate Recovery (EUR) impact versus well spacing and the parent´s production time were built for different child´s completion design alternatives, analyzed and contrasted against previously field observed data. Results obtained from the characterization work suggests the parent child effect is generated by a combination of initial drainage area changes and stress magnitude and direction changes, which are both dependent of the pressure depletion from the parent well. Furthermore, the results show how the well spacing and parent's production timing, as well as parent's and child's completion design, significantly affect the magnitude of the expected parent child effect impact over the child's EUR.
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Reports on the topic "Parent stress"

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Mattingly, Marybeth, and Wendy Walsh. Rural families with a child abuse report are more likely headed by a single parent and endure economic and family stress. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.91.

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Blum, Abraham, Henry T. Nguyen, and N. Y. Klueva. The Genetics of Heat Shock Proteins in Wheat in Relation to Heat Tolerance and Yield. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568105.bard.

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Fifty six diverse spring wheat cultivars were evaluated for genetic variation and heritability for thermotolerance in terms of cell-membrane stability (CMS) and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction. The most divergent cultivars for thermotolerance (Danbata-tolerant and Nacozari-susceptible) were crossed to develop an F8 random onbred line (RIL) population. This population was evaluated for co-segragation in CMS, yield under heat stress and HSP accumulation. Further studies of thermotolerance in relations to HSP and the expression of heterosis for growth under heat stress were performed with F1 hybrids of wheat and their parental cultivars. CMS in 95 RILs ranged from 76.5% to 22.4% with 71.5% and 31.3% in Danbata and Nacozari, respectively. The population segregated with a normal distribution across the full range of the parental values. Yield and biomass under non-stress conditions during the normal winter season at Bet Dagan dit not differ between the two parental cultivar, but the range of segregation for these traits in 138 RILs was very high and distinctly transgressive with a CV of 35.3% and 42.4% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. Mean biomass and yield of the population was reduced about twofold when grown under the hot summer conditions (irrigated) at Bet Dagan. Segregation for biomass and yield was decreased relative to the normal winter conditions with CV of 20.2% and 23.3% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. However, contrary to non-stress conditions, the parental cultivars differed about twofold in biomass and yield under heat stress and the population segregated with normal distribution across the full range of this difference. CMS was highly and positively correlated across 79 RILs with biomass (r=0.62**) and yield (r=0.58**) under heat stress. No such correlation was obtained under the normal winter conditions. All RILs expressed a set of HSPs under heat shock (37oC for 2 h). No variation was detected among RILs in high molecular weight HSP isoforms and they were similar to the patterns of the parental cultivars. There was a surprisingly low variability in low molecular weight HSP isoforms. Only one low molecular weight and Nacozari-specific HSP isoform (belonging to HSP 16.9 family) appeared to segregate among all RILs, but it was not quantitatively correlated with any parameter of plant production under heat stress or with CMS in this population. It is concluded that this Danbata/Nacozari F8 RIL population co-segregated well for thermotolerance and yield under heat stress and that CMS could predict the relative productivity of lines under chronic heat stress. Regretfully this population did not express meaningful variability for HSP accumulation under heat shock and therefore no role could be seen for HSP in the heat tolerance of this population. In the study of seven F1 hybrids and their parent cultivars it was found that heterosis (superiority of the F1 over the best parent) for CMs was generally lower than that for growth under heat stress. Hybrids varied in the rate of heterosis for growth at normal (15o/25o) and at high (25o/35o) temperatures. In certain hybrids heterosis for growth significantly increased at high temperature as compared with normal temperature, suggesting temperature-dependent heterosis. Generally, under normal temperature, only limited qualitative variation was detected in the patterns of protein synthesis in four wheat hybrids and their parents. However, a singular protein (C47/5.88) was specifically expressed only in the most heterotic hybrid at normal temperature but not in its parent cultivars. Parental cultivars were significantly different in the sets of synthesized HSP at 37o. No qualitative changes in the patterns of protein expression under heat stress were correlated with heterosis. However, a quantitative increase in certain low molecular weight HSP (mainly H14/5.5 and H14.5.6, belonging to the HSP16.9 family) was positively associated with greater heterosis for growth at high temperature. None of these proteins were correlated with CMS across hybrids. These results support the concept of temperature-dependent heterosis for growth and a possible role for HSP 16.9 family in this respect. Finally, when all experiments are viewed together, it is encouraging to find that genetic variation in wheat yield under chronic heat stress is associated with and well predicted by CMS as an assay of thermotolerance. On the other hand the results for HSP are elusive. While very low genetic variation was expressed for HSP in the RIL population, a unique low molecular weight HSP (of the HSP 16.9 family) could be associated with temperature dependant heterosis for growth.
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Patton, Amy, Kylie Dunavan, Kyla Key, Steffani Takahashi, Kathryn Tenner, and Megan Wilson. Reducing Stress, Anxiety, and Depression for NICU Parents. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.mot2.2021.0012.

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This project aims to appraise evidence of the effectiveness of various practices on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression among parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The project contains six research articles from both national and international journals. Study designs include one meta-analysis, one randomized controlled trial, one small scale randomized controlled trial, one prospective phase lag cohort study, on pretest-posttest study, and one mixed-methods pretest-posttest study. Recommendations for effective interventions were based on best evidence discovered through quality appraisal and study outcomes. All interventions, except for educational programs and Kangaroo Care, resulted in a statistically significant reduction of either stress, anxiety, and/ or depression. Family centered care and mindfulness-based intervention reduced all barriers of interest. There is strong and high-quality evidence for the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on depression, moderate evidence for the effect of activity-based group therapy on anxiety, and promising evidence for the effect of HUG Your Baby on stress.
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El Halawani, Mohamed, and Israel Rozenboim. Temperature Stress and Turkey Reproduction. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7570546.bard.

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High temperature stress is of major concern to turkey producers in Israel and the United States. The decline in the rate of egg production at high environmental temperature is well recognized, but the neuroendocrinological basis is not understood. Our objectives were: 1) to characterize the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis involvement in the mechanism(s) underlying the detrimental effect of heat stress on reproduction, and 2) to establish procedures that alleviate the damaging effect of heat stress on reproduction. Heat stress (40oC, Israel; 32oC, U.S.) caused significant reduction in egg production, which was restored by VIP immunoneutralization. The decline in egg production did not appear to be entirely related to the expression of incubation behavior due to the rise in circulating PRL in stressed birds. Heat stress was found to increase circulating PRL in ovariectomized turkeys independent of the reproductive stage. Active immunization against VIP was shown for the first time to up-regulate LHb and FSHb subunit mRNA contents. These findings taken together with the results that the heat stress-induced decline in egg production may not be dependent upon the reproductive stage, lead to the suggestion that the detrimental effect of heat stress on reproductive performance may be in part mediated by VIP acting directly on the GnRH/gonadotropin system. Inhibin (INH) immunoneutralization has been shown to enhance FSH secretion and induces ovulation in mammals. It is hypothesized that immunization of heat-stressed turkeys against INH will increase levels of circulating FSH and the number of preovulating follicles which leads to improved reproductive performance. We have cloned and expressed turkey INH-a and INH-bA. Active immunization of turkey hens with rtINH-a increased pituitary FSH-b subunit mRNA and the number of non-graded preovulatory yellow follicles, but no significant increase in egg production was observed.
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Gur, Amit, Edward Buckler, Joseph Burger, Yaakov Tadmor, and Iftach Klapp. Characterization of genetic variation and yield heterosis in Cucumis melo. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7600047.bard.

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Project objectives: 1) Characterization of variation for yield heterosis in melon using Half-Diallele (HDA) design. 2) Development and implementation of image-based yield phenotyping in melon. 3) Characterization of genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional variation across 25 founder lines and selected hybrids. The epigentic part of this objective was modified during the course of the project: instead of characterization of chromatin structure in a single melon line through genome-wide mapping of nucleosomes using MNase-seq approach, we took advantage of rapid advancements in single-molecule sequencing and shifted the focus to Nanoporelong-read sequencing of all 25 founder lines. This analysis provides invaluable information on genome-wide structural variation across our diversity 4) Integrated analyses and development of prediction models Agricultural heterosis relates to hybrids that outperform their inbred parents for yield. First generation (F1) hybrids are produced in many crop species and it is estimated that heterosis increases yield by 15-30% globally. Melon (Cucumismelo) is an economically important species of The Cucurbitaceae family and is among the most important fleshy fruits for fresh consumption Worldwide. The major goal of this project was to explore the patterns and magnitude of yield heterosis in melon and link it to whole genome sequence variation. A core subset of 25 diverse lines was selected from the Newe-Yaar melon diversity panel for whole-genome re-sequencing (WGS) and test-crosses, to produce structured half-diallele design of 300 F1 hybrids (MelHDA25). Yield variation was measured in replicated yield trials at the whole-plant and at the rootstock levels (through a common-scion grafted experiments), across the F1s and parental lines. As part of this project we also developed an algorithmic pipeline for detection and yield estimation of melons from aerial-images, towards future implementation of such high throughput, cost-effective method for remote yield evaluation in open-field melons. We found extensive, highly heritable root-derived yield variation across the diallele population that was characterized by prominent best-parent heterosis (BPH), where hybrids rootstocks outperformed their parents by 38% and 56 % under optimal irrigation and drought- stress, respectively. Through integration of the genotypic data (~4,000,000 SNPs) and yield analyses we show that root-derived hybrids yield is independent of parental genetic distance. However, we mapped novel root-derived yield QTLs through genome-wide association (GWA) analysis and a multi-QTLs model explained more than 45% of the hybrids yield variation, providing a potential route for marker-assisted hybrid rootstock breeding. Four selected hybrid rootstocks are further studied under multiple scion varieties and their validated positive effect on yield performance is now leading to ongoing evaluation of their commercial potential. On the genomic level, this project resulted in 3 layers of data: 1) whole-genome short-read Illumina sequencing (30X) of the 25 founder lines provided us with 25 genome alignments and high-density melon HapMap that is already shown to be an effective resource for QTL annotation and candidate gene analysis in melon. 2) fast advancements in long-read single-molecule sequencing allowed us to shift focus towards this technology and generate ~50X Nanoporesequencing of the 25 founders which in combination with the short-read data now enable de novo assembly of the 25 genomes that will soon lead to construction of the first melon pan-genome. 3) Transcriptomic (3' RNA-Seq) analysis of several selected hybrids and their parents provide preliminary information on differentially expressed genes that can be further used to explain the root-derived yield variation. Taken together, this project expanded our view on yield heterosis in melon with novel specific insights on root-derived yield heterosis. To our knowledge, thus far this is the largest systematic genetic analysis of rootstock effects on yield heterosis in cucurbits or any other crop plant, and our results are now translated into potential breeding applications. The genomic resources that were developed as part of this project are putting melon in the forefront of genomic research and will continue to be useful tool for the cucurbits community in years to come.
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Näslund-Hadley, Emma, Michelle Koussa, and Juan Manuel Hernández. Skills for Life: Stress and Brain Development in Early Childhood. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003205.

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Learning to cope with disappointments and overcoming obstacles is part of growing up. By conquering some challenges, children develop resilience. Such normal stressors may include initiating a new activity or separation from parents during preschool hours. However, when the challenges in early childhood are intensified by important stressors happening outside their own lives, they may start to worry about the safety of themselves and their families. This may cause chronic stress, which interferes with their emotional, cognitive, and social development. In developing country contexts, it is especially hard to capture promptly the effects of stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic on childrens cognitive and socioemotional development. In this note, we draw on the literature on the effect of stress on brain development and examine data from a recent survey of households with young children carried out in four Latin American countries to offer suggestions for policy responses. We suggest that early childhood and education systems play a decisive role in assessing and addressing childrens mental health needs. In the absence of forceful policy responses on multiple fronts, the mental health outcomes may become lasting.
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Guy, Charles, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Gloria Moore, Doron Holland, and Yuval Eshdat. Common Mechanisms of Response to the Stresses of High Salinity and Low Temperature and Genetic Mapping of Stress Tolerance Loci in Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613013.bard.

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The objectives that were outlined in our original proposal have largely been achieved or will be so by the end of the project in February 1995 with one exception; that of mapping cold tolerance loci based on the segregation of tolerance in the BC1 progeny population. Briefly, our goals were to 1) construct a densely populated linkage map of the citrus genome: 2) map loci important in cold and/or salt stress tolerance; and 3) characterize the expression of genes responsive to cold land salt stress. As can be seen by the preceding listing of accomplishments, our original objectives A and B have been realized, objective C has been partially tested, objective D has been completed, and work on objectives E and F will be completed by the end of 1995. Although we have yet to map any loci that contribute to an ability of citrus to maintain growth when irrigated with saline water, our very encouraging results from the 1993 experiment provides us with considerable hope that 1994's much more comprehensive and better controlled experiment will yield the desired results once the data has been fully analyzed. Part of our optimism derives from the findings that loci for growth are closely linked with loci associated with foliar Cl- and Na+ accumulation patterns under non-salinization conditions. In the 1994 experiment, if ion exclusion or sequestration traits are segregating in the population, the experimental design will permit their resolution. Our fortunes with respect to cold tolerance is another situation. In three attempts to quantitatively characterize cold tolerance as an LT50, the results have been too variable and the incremental differences between sensitive and tolerant too small to use for mapping. To adequately determine the LT50 requires many plants, many more than we have been able to generate in the time and space available by making cuttings from small greenhouse-grown stock plants. As it has turned out, with citrus, to prepare enough plants needed to be successful in this objective would have required extensive facilities for both growing and testing hardiness which simply were not available at University of Florida. The large populations necessary to overcome the variability we encountered was unanticipated and unforeseeable at the project's outset. In spite of the setbacks, this project, when it is finally complete will be exceedingly successful. Listing of Accomplishments During the funded interval we have accomplished the following objectives: Developed a reasonably high density linkage map for citrus - mapped the loci for two cold responsive genes that were cloned from Poncirus - mapped the loci for csa, the salt responsive gene for glutathione peroxidase, and ccr a circadian rhythm gene from citrus - identified loci that confer parental derived specific DNA methylation patterns in the Citrus X Poncirus cross - mapped 5 loci that determine shoot vigor - mapped 2 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions in the BC1 population - mapped 3 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation paterns during salt sress - mapped 2 loci that control leaf Cl- accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions - mapped a locus that controls leaf Cl- accumulation patterns during salt stress Screened the BC1 population for growth reduction during salinization (controls and salinized), and cold tolerance - determined population variation for shoot/root ratio of Na+ and Cl- - determined levels for 12 inorganic nutrient elements in an effort to examine the influence of salinization on ion content with emphasis on foliar responses - collected data on ion distribution to reveal patterns of exclusion/sequestration/ accumulation - analyzed relationships between ion content and growth Characterization of gene expression in response to salt or cold stress - cloned the gene for the salt responsive protein csa, identified it as glutathione peroxidase, determined the potential target substrate from enzymatic studies - cloned two other genes responsive to salt stress, one for the citrus homologue of a Lea5, and the other for an "oleosin" like gene - cold regulated (cor) genes belonging to five hybridization classes were isolated from Poncirus, two belonged to the group 2 Lea superfamily of stress proteins, the others show no significant homology to other known sequences - the expression of csa during cold acclimation was examined, and the expression of some of the cor genes were examined in response to salt stress - the influence of salinization on cold tolerance has been examined with seedling populations - conducted protein blot studies for expression of cold stress proteins during salt stress and vice versa
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Dahl, Travis, Justin Giles, Kathleen Staebell, David Biedenharn, and Joseph Dunbar. Effects of geologic outcrops on long-term geomorphic trends : New Madrid, MO, to Hickman, KY. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41086.

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The Mississippi River between New Madrid, MO, and Hickman, KY, is of particular interest because of divergent trends in water surface profiles at the upstream and downstream ends of the reach. This report documents the investigation of the bathymetry, geology, and hydraulics of this segment of the river. The report shows that the area near River Mile 901 above Head of Passes strongly affects the river stages at low flows. This part of the river can experience high shear stresses when flows fall below 200,000 cfs, as opposed to most other locations where shear stress increases with flow. One-dimensional hydraulic modeling was also used to demonstrate that an increase of depth at a single scour hole, such as the one downstream from Hickman near River Mile 925, is unlikely to cause reach-wide degradation.
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Spann, Andrew. Lasergate Leaf Dynamics Part 2: Effect of Initial Condition and Partial Stress. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1598103.

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David, Gabrielle, D. Somerville, Julia McCarthy, Spencer MacNeil, Faith Fitzpatrick, Ryan Evans, and David Wilson. Technical guide for the development, evaluation, and modification of stream assessment methods for the Corps Regulatory Program. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42182.

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The U.S. Army Corps Regulatory Program considers the loss (impacts) and gain (compensatory mitigation) of aquatic resource functions as part of Clean Water Act Section 404 permitting and compensatory mitigation decisions. To better inform this regulatory decision-making, the Regulatory Program needs transparent and objective approaches to assess the function and condition of aquatic resources, including streams. Therefore, the Regulatory Program needs function-based stream assessments (1) to characterize a stream’s condition or function, (2) to improve understanding of the impact of a proposed action on an aquatic resource, and/or (3) to inform the development of stream compensatory mitigation tools rooted in stream condition and/or function. A function-based stream assessment can provide regulatory decision makers with the resources to objectively consider alternatives, minimize impacts, assess unavoidable impacts, determine mitigation requirements, and monitor the success of mitigation projects. A multiagency National Committee on Stream Assessment (NCSA) convened to create these guidelines to inform the development of new methods and evaluation of both national-level and regional methods currently in use. The resulting guidelines present nine phases, including rationale and recommendations to facilitate work efforts. The NCSA hopes that this technical guide promotes transparency, technical defensibility, and consistent application of stream assessments in the Regulatory Program.
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