Journal articles on the topic 'Parent report'
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Serafimova, Teona, Maria Loades, Daisy Gaunt, and Esther Crawley. "Who should we ask about mental health symptoms in adolescents with CFS/ME? Parent-child agreement on the revised children’s anxiety and depression scale." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 26, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104521994880.
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Background: One in three adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) have mental health problems. Multi-informant perspectives are key to psychological assessment. Understanding parent-child agreement is crucial to accurate diagnosis, particularly where severe fatigue limits self-report. Methods: Agreement on the revised children’s anxiety and depression scale (RCADs) was assessed between parents and children with CFS/ME ( n = 93) using Bland-Altman plots, cross tabulations and regression analyses. Results: Diagnostic thresholds were met more frequently based on child-report. Parent- and child-report had similar sensitivity and specificity on RCADS compared to gold-standard diagnostic interviews. Regression analysis found similar accuracy between both reports. For anxiety diagnoses, odds ratio (OR) for child-report was 1.10 (CI = 1.06–1.14), and 1.10 (CI = 1.05–1.14) for parent-report. For depression, OR for child report was 1.26 (CI = 1.11–1.43), while for parent-report is was 1.25 (CI = 1.10–1.41). For total score, OR for child-report was 1.10 (CI = 1.05–1.13) while OR for parent-report was 1.09 (CI = 1.05–1.13). Conclusions: Reasonable agreement was observed between parent- and child-report of mental health symptoms in paediatric CFS/ME. While parent-report can facilitate psychological evaluation in CFS/ME, this is not a substitute for a child’s own report.
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O’Brien, Mary, Richard S. John, Gayla Margolin, and Osnat Erel. "Reliability and Diagnostic Efficacy of Parents’ Reports Regarding Children’s Exposure to Marital Aggression." Violence and Victims 9, no. 1 (January 1994): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.9.1.45.
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Mothers, fathers, and 8- to 11-year-old children from 181 two-parent families independently reported on the occurrence of husband-to-wife physical aggression and wife-to-husband physical aggression; parents additionally indicated whether the child had been witness to the aggression. First this study examined interspousal agreement regarding whether parents have been physically aggressive toward one another and whether the child has witnessed interparental physical aggression. There was moderate agreement between parents as to the occurrence of physical aggression and only fair agreement as to whether the child saw or heard the aggression. Second, this study explored the diagnosticity of a joint parent report as an indicator of child exposure to marital aggression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are presented separately for husbands’ and wives’ aggression, indicating the explicit trade-off between true positives (sensitivity) and false positives (one minus specificity) in using the joint parent report as a diagnostic indicator. Standard ROC analysis suggests that the joint parent report is equally diagnostic in predicting children’s reports of exposure to husbands’ and wives’ aggression. Finally, decisions regarding how to use parent reports as an indicator of children’s exposure to marital aggression are discussed as depending on the base rate of child reports of exposure and the objective sought in classifying children and/or families.
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Selnow, Gary W. "Parent-Child Relationships and Single and Two Parent Families: Implications for Substance Usage." Journal of Drug Education 17, no. 4 (December 1987): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gbyn-heq1-23d0-n977.
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This article examines the relationship between substance usage and parent-child relationships and the number of parents with whom the child lives. These relationships were examined through initial and cross-validation studies. Findings disclosed that youngsters who lived with both parents were less likely to report higher substance usage than those who lived with one parent. Also, youngsters who reported better parent-child relationships were more likely to report lower substance usage. Evidence is offered that parent-child relationships may be more important in predicting substance usage than the number of parents at home.
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Vance, Alasdair, Jan Costin, Rebecca Barnett, Ernest Luk, Paul Maruff, and Bruce Tonge. "Characteristics of Parent- and Child-Reported Anxiety in Psychostimulant Medication Naïve, Clinically Referred Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined Type (ADHD-CT)." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 2 (April 2002): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01008.x.
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Objective: Anxiety is a frequent comorbid condition in referred primary school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD-CT), yet there has been relatively little systematic research of the nature of this comorbid anxiety. We describe the characteristics of parent-reported child anxiety disorders and child-reported anxiety disorders in primary school-age children with ADHD-CT. Method: A cross-sectional study of 75 clinically-referred psychostimulant medication naïve children with ADHD-CT examining separately parent and child reports of anxiety, defined categorically and dimensionally. A two-year follow up of 12 children with parent-reported child anxiety and 12 children with child-reported anxiety was also completed. Results: There was no significant association between the child and parent reports of anxiety. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), specific phobia (SpPh) and social phobia (SoPh) were the most common anxiety disorder diagnoses reported by parents and children. Two-year follow-up data revealed no decrease in the parent report but a significant decrease in the child report of anxiety disorders. Conclusions: The dissonance between the parent report of child anxiety and the child report of anxiety, emphasizes the importance of careful and thorough clinical assessment of the child's perspective. The nature of parent-reported child anxiety and children's self-report of anxiety requires further systematic research.
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Morawska, Alina, Michelle Adamson, and Joanne Ferriol Especkerman. "Mealtime Observations and Parent-Report: Correspondence Across Measurement and Implications for Intervention." Behaviour Change 32, no. 3 (July 27, 2015): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2015.9.
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This study explored the relationship between self-reported and observed mealtime behaviour and examined concurrent predictors of observed child and parent mealtime behaviour. The sample consisted of 67 parents of 1.5- to 6-year-old children experiencing difficulties with their child's mealtime, and 33 parents who were not concerned with their child's mealtime behaviour. Parent-reported and observed mealtime data, and parent-reported mealtime cognitions were collected. Regression analyses indicated that consistent with hypotheses, observed and parent-reported mealtime behaviour were related. Observed child behaviour was predicted by self-reported parenting behaviour and observed positive parent behaviour, as well as parental cognitions. Observed parent behaviour was predicted only by self-reported parenting mealtime behaviour.
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Lewis, Hannah, Steven Hope, and Anna Pearce. "Socioeconomic inequalities in parent-reported and teacher-reported psychological well-being." Archives of Disease in Childhood 100, no. 1 (August 27, 2014): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-306288.
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ObjectiveTo determine whether there are differences in the social gradient of parent-reported and teacher-reported child psychological well-being.DesignSecondary data analysis comparing ratings of child psychological well-being (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) in the UK Millennium Cohort Study at 7 years by socioeconomic circumstances (SEC). A number of measures of SEC were tested; results are reported for maternal education. From a sample of 13 168 singletons who participated at the age of 7 years, complete data were available for 8207 children.ResultsThere was a social gradient in SDQ scores reported by parents and teachers, with ‘borderline/abnormal’ scores more prevalent in children with lower-educated mothers. However, the gradient was more marked in parent report compared with teacher report, and discrepancies between parent and teacher reports were greatest for children from higher SECs.ConclusionsThe social gradient in child psychological well-being, although present, was weaker in teacher report compared with parent report. This may be because children behave differently in school and home settings, or parents and teachers demonstrate reporting bias.
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van Houdt, Kirsten, Matthijs Kalmijn, and Katya Ivanova. "Perceptions of Closeness in Adult Parent–Child Dyads: Asymmetry in the Context of Family Complexity." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 10 (August 10, 2020): 2219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa122.
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Abstract Objectives Multi-actor data show that parents’ and adult children’s evaluations of their relation do not necessarily match. We studied disagreement in parent- and child-reported closeness, comparing parent–child dyads involving separated parents, non-separated parents, and stepparents to shed new light on today’s diverse landscape of adult parent–child relations. Method Using data from the Parents and Children in the Netherlands (OKiN) survey, we analyzed closeness in parent–child dyads (N = 4,602) comparing (step)parents’ and their adult children’s (aged 25–45) reports. To distinguish directional disagreement (i.e., differences in child- and parent-reported means) from nondirectional disagreement (i.e., the association between child- and parent-reported measures), while accounting for absolute levels of closeness, we estimated log-linear models. Results All types of parents tend to report higher levels of closeness than their children. Whereas parental overreport is more prevalent among biological father–child dyads than among biological mother–child dyads, we found no differences between biological dyads and stepdyads. The association between children’s and parents’ reports is higher among dyads involving stepmothers or married mothers than among those involving separated mothers and (step)fathers. Discussion The intergenerational stake (i.e., parental overreport) is not unique to biological parent–child relations. Instead, patterns of disagreement seem most strongly stratified by gender.
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Donald, Ashleigh J., and Rebecca J. Kelly-Campbell. "Pediatric Audiology Report: Assessment and Revision of an Audiology Report Written to Parents of Children With Hearing Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 59, no. 2 (April 2016): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-h-15-0120.
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Objective The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to evaluate a typical pediatric diagnostic audiology report to establish its readability and comprehensibility for parents and, second, to revise the report to improve its readability, as well as the comprehension, sense of self-efficacy, and positive opinions of parent readers. Method In Experiment 1, a mock audiology report was evaluated via a readability analysis and semistructured interviews with 5 parents. In Experiment 2, the report was revised using best practice guidelines and parental recommendations from Experiment 1. The revision was verified by randomly assigning 32 new parent participants to read either the revised or unrevised report before their comprehension, self-efficacy, and opinions were assessed. Results In Experiment 1, results confirmed that the report was difficult to read and understand. In Experiment 2, parents who read the revised report had significantly greater comprehension, self-efficacy, and opinion ratings than those who read the unrevised report. In addition, the readability of the revised report was markedly improved compared with the unrevised report. Conclusions This study shows that pediatric diagnostic audiology reports can be revised to adhere to best practice guidelines and yield improved readability, in addition to improving the comprehension, sense of self-efficacy, and positive opinions of parents of children with hearing impairment.
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Boughton, Kristy L., and Margaret N. Lumley. "Parent Prediction of Child Mood and Emotional Resilience: The Role of Parental Responsiveness and Psychological Control." Depression Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/375398.
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Research consistently shows low to moderate agreement between parent and child reports of child mood, suggesting that parents are not always the best predictors of child emotional functioning. This study examines parental responsiveness and psychological control for improving prediction of early adolescent mood and emotional resilience beyond parent report of child emotional functioning. Participants were 268 early adolescents administered measures of depression symptoms, emotional resilience, and perceptions of parenting. Parents of participating youth completed measures of youth emotional functioning. Parental responsiveness and psychological control each emerged as family variables that may be of value for predicting child emotional functioning beyond parent reports. Specifically, responsiveness explained significant variance in child depression and resilience after accounting for parent reports, while parental psychological control increased prediction of child mood alone. Results generally suggest that parenting behaviours may be an important consideration when children and parents provide discrepant reports of child emotional well-being. Conceptual and clinical implications of these results are discussed.
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Donohue, Meghan Rose, Amber W. Childs, Megan Richards, and Diana L. Robins. "Race influences parent report of concerns about symptoms of autism spectrum disorder." Autism 23, no. 1 (November 3, 2017): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317722030.
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Racial differences in parent report of concerns about their child’s development to healthcare providers may contribute to delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnoses in Black children. We tested the hypotheses that compared to White parents, Black parents of children with autism spectrum disorder would report fewer concerns about autism symptoms and would be more likely to report concerns about disruptive behaviors. A sample of 18- to 40-month-old toddlers ( N = 174) with autism spectrum disorder and their parent participated. After screening positive for autism spectrum disorder risk, but prior to a diagnostic evaluation, parents completed free-response questions soliciting concerns about their child’s development. Parent responses were coded for the presence or the absence of 10 possible concerns, which were grouped into autism concerns (e.g. social and restricted and repetitive behavior concerns) or non-autism concerns (e.g. general developmental and disruptive behavior concerns). Compared to White parents, Black parents reported significantly fewer autism concerns and fewer social and restricted and repetitive behavior concerns. However, Black parents did not report significantly fewer non-autism concerns. Race did not influence parent report of disruptive behavior concerns. Lower reporting of autism concerns by Black parents may impact providers’ abilities to identify children who need further screening or evaluation.
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THORNTON, ARLAND, TERRI L. ORBUCH, and WILLIAM G. AXINN. "Parent-Child Relationships During the Transition to Adulthood." Journal of Family Issues 16, no. 5 (September 1995): 538–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251395016005003.
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This article uses a panel study of children and mothers to examine how parents and children conceptualize, perceive, and report on their relationships with each other during the children's transition to adulthood years. The article provides strong support for the reliability and validity of reports of parent-child relationships. The article documents generally positive and supportive relationships between parents and children, more positive relationships with mothers than with fathers, and an improvement in relationships as children mature from age 18 to 23. Further, parent-child relationships are perceived differently by parents and children in that there is not just one perception of the relationship between child and parent, but a relationship as perceived by the child and a relationship as perceived by the parent.
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Lohaus, Arnold, and Marc Vierhaus. "Parent-Child Discrepancies in the Assessment of Internalizing/Externalizing Behavior." Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 46, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000095.
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This study focused on informant discrepancies in reports on internalizing/externalizing child behavior and associations with parenting dimensions. The study was based on two longitudinal samples followed from Grade 2 to 4 and from Grade 4 to 6. Internalizing/externalizing symptoms were assessed yearly by childrens self-reports and parent-proxy reports. Responsiveness and behavioral and psychological control assessed by the children and their parents were included as parenting dimensions. Child reports on symptoms were higher than parent-proxy reports. Regarding internalizing symptoms, the discrepancies decreased with childrens age. Relations to parenting were shown mainly for psychological control. If parents perceive themselves as psychologically controlling, the discrepancies are smaller, while discrepancies are larger when children perceive their parents as psychologically controlling. Psychologically controlling parents may have a strong focus on the behavior of their children, leading to a stronger agreement between child reports and parent-proxy reports. Children, however, may report more problem behavior if they feel themselves to be under close observation by their parents.
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Dienes, Kimberly A., Kiki D. Chang, Christine M. Blasey, Nancy E. Adleman, and Hans Steiner. "Characterization of children of bipolar parents by parent report CBCL." Journal of Psychiatric Research 36, no. 5 (September 2002): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3956(02)00019-5.
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Barry-Menkhaus, Samantha A., Alison M. Stoner, Kristin L. MacGregor, and Leslie A. Soyka. "Special Considerations in the Systematic Psychosocial Screening of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 45, no. 3 (November 26, 2019): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsz089.
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Abstract Objective The American Diabetes Association recommends psychosocial screening for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The purpose of this study is to present (a) several high priority decisions that program developers may encounter when building a new psychosocial screening program and (b) both the screening development process and results of one mental health screening program within a multidisciplinary pediatric diabetes clinic, with particular emphasis on parent-youth screening agreement and changes to elevation status over time. Methods Youth with T1D ages 12–17 and parents of youth with T1D ages 8–17 were administered mental health screeners as a part of outpatient diabetes visits over a 1-year period. Youth depression and anxiety were screened using self- and parent proxy-report versions of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Results Youth (n = 154) and parents (n = 211) completed mental health screening measures, such that 228 youth were screened. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between youth- and parent proxy-report agreement were good for the measures of depression (ICC = .787) and anxiety (ICC = .781), with parent proxy-reports significantly higher than youth self-reports of anxiety (p < .01). Of the 93 youth with follow-up screening data and no youth- or parent proxy-reported elevation on the initial screener, 16.1% had at least one elevated screener within 1 year. Conclusions Findings indicate that questions of who to screen and how often to screen may deserve increased scrutiny, as this screening program’s data suggest that there may be benefit to obtaining both youth- and parent report more often than annually.
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Snyder, Heather T., Monica J. Bilboul, and Alice W. Pope. "Psychosocial Adjustment in Adolescents with Craniofacial Anomalies: A Comparison of Parent and Self-Reports." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 42, no. 5 (September 2005): 548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/04-078r.1.
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Objective To assess rates of psychosocial adjustment problems in adolescents with craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) and to evaluate the correspondence between adolescent and parent reports of adjustment. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Reconstructive plastic surgery department in urban medical center. Participants Sixty-four adolescents aged 14 to 18 years with CFAs and their parents. Main Outcome Measures Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report. Results Adolescent and parent reports were compared with published norms. Adolescents with CFAs did not differ from norms on rates of self-reported problems in the clinical range. Parents of sons and daughters with CFAs reported elevations in the clinical range for deficits in social and scholastic competence; parents of daughters also reported higher clinical rates of withdrawn and somatic problems. Correlations between adolescent and parent reports were generally higher than seen in norms, especially for boys. Parents and adolescents did not differ in reported rates of problems in the clinical range. Conclusions Adolescents with CFAs showed elevated risk for problems with academics and peer relationships; there was limited evidence for clinical levels of other adjustment problems. When parent and adolescent reports differed, parents reported more problems.
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Barr-Anderson, Daheia J., Ramona Robinson-O’Brien, Jess Haines, Peter Hannan, and Dianne Neumark-Sztainer. "Parental Report Versus Child Perception of Familial Support: Which Is More Associated With Child Physical Activity and Television Use?" Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7, no. 3 (May 2010): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.3.364.
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Background:Parent-report and child perception of familial support for weight-related behaviors may not be congruent. This research explores whether parent-report or child perception is more strongly associated with child-reported physical activity and television (TV) use.Methods:Elementary school children (n = 73) participating in Ready. Set. ACTION!, a theater-based obesity prevention pilot program in Saint Paul, MN, and their parents completed surveys assessing familial support for physical activity and limitations on TV use in fall 2006. Paired t tests examined congruency between parent-report and child perception. Linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographics explored the associations between familial support and child-reported behavior.Results:Levels of agreement between parent-report and child perception for support for physical activity and limitations on TV use were approximately 70%. Compared with parent-report for physical activity support, child perception was more strongly associated with child physical activity (β = .17, P = .02). Neither parent-report nor child perception for support for limitations on TV use was associated with child TV use. Discussion:Although parent-report and child perception of familial support for physical activity and to limit TV use were similar, child perception was more strongly associated with child physical activity behavior. More research, probably qualitative, is needed to examine how parents and children define and perceive parental support.
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Ackerman, Sara L., E. Anne Lown, Christopher C. Dvorak, Elizabeth A. Dunn, Donald I. Abrams, Biljana N. Horn, Marcia Degelman, Morton J. Cowan, and Wolf E. Mehling. "Massage for Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Qualitative Report." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/792042.
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Background. No in-depth qualitative research exists about the effects of therapeutic massage with children hospitalized to undergo hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The objective of this study is to describe parent caregivers' experience of the effects of massage/acupressure for their children undergoing HCT.Methods. We conducted a qualitative analysis of open-ended interviews with 15 parents of children in the intervention arm of a massage/acupressure trial. Children received both practitioner and parent-provided massage/acupressure.Results. Parents reported that their child experienced relief from pain and nausea, relaxation, and greater ease falling asleep. They also reported increased caregiver competence and closeness with their child as a result of learning and performing massage/acupressure. Parents supported a semistandardized massage protocol.Conclusion. Massage/acupressure may support symptom relief and promote relaxation and sleep among pediatric HCT patients if administered with attention to individual patients' needs and hospital routines and may relieve stress among parents, improve caregiver competence, and enhance the sense of connection between parent and child.
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Goins, Brad. "ERIC/EECE Report: Parent Involvement." Childhood Education 69, no. 3 (March 1993): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00094056.1993.10520927.
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KENNY, THOMAS J., JOHN R. HEBEL, MARY J. SEXTON, and NORMA LYNN FOX. "Developmental Screening Using Parent Report." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 8, no. 1 (February 1987): 8???11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-198702000-00003.
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Radicke, Alina, Claus Barkmann, Bonnie Adema, Anne Daubmann, Karl Wegscheider, and Silke Wiegand-Grefe. "Children of Parents with a Mental Illness: Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life and Determinants of Child–Parent Agreement." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020379.
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(1) Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is frequently reduced in children of parents with a mental illness (COPMI). Child self- and parent proxy-ratings vary with raters’ characteristics and facets of HRQoL. This study aimed at analyzing risk and protective factors associated with HRQoL in COPMI, and at examining the magnitude, direction, and predictors of child–parent agreement. (2) Methods: Analyses were based on baseline data of the German CHIMPS (children of parents with a mental illness) project with n = 134 parents diagnosed with mental illness and n = 198 children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years. (3) Results: Both children and parents reported significantly lower HRQoL than the reference population, particularly for the child’s physical and psychological well-being. Parents’ proxy-report indicated a lower HRQoL than the children’s self-report. Child and parental psychopathology, social support, and the child’s age significantly predicted HRQoL. Interrater agreement was satisfactory and better for observable aspects like physical well-being and school environment. The child’s gender-identity and mental health significantly predicted child–parent agreement. (4) Conclusions: Parental psychopathology significantly reduces children’s HRQoL. Interventions should promote resilience in children by targeting risk and protective factors. Child–parent agreement emphasizes the need to obtain both self- and proxy-reports, whenever possible.
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Fukushima-Flores, Marnie, and Lynn Miller. "FRIENDS Parent Project: Effectiveness of Parent Training in Reducing Parent Anxiety in a Universal Prevention Program for Anxiety Symptoms in School Children." Behaviour Change 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.28.2.57.
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AbstractAnxiety is the most pervasive childhood mental health disorder today. This study examined the parent component of a school-based universal prevention and early intervention program. Participating parents (N= 122) completed four measures on anxiety, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, before and after the parent program. The effectiveness of the program was investigated by analysing mean scores of the parent self-reported anxiety symptoms and parent reports of child anxiety symptoms. The main analyses conducted were 2 × 2 between-within ANOVAs for each measure. The hypothesis that parents who participated in the program (n= 20) would report reduced anxiety symptoms for themselves and for their children when compared to parents who did not attend (n= 120) was not confirmed. The parent's satisfaction level with the program was also studied, with high acceptability ratings providing strong social validity for this program. Implications of the findings, strengths, limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.
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Senner, Jill E., and Thomas Fish. "Comparison of Child Self-Report and Parent Report on the Sibling Need and Involvement Profile." Remedial and Special Education 33, no. 2 (March 16, 2010): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932510364547.
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Considering the needs of siblings is an important component of family-centered practice for children with developmental disabilities. A syntactically and semantically simplified version of the Sibling Need and Involvement Profile (SNIP) was developed to allow self-report. Total profile scores for the self-report version correlated well with the original (Spearman’s rho = .928, p < .01), and test–retest reliability was good (Spearman’s rho = .896, p < .01). Children who piloted the instrument demonstrated good understanding of the vocabulary and the intent of the questions; however, using the instrument with adult supervision is suggested. A comparison of children’s self-report scores to those of their parents’ resulted in low, insignificant correlations, suggesting that parents’ and children’s perspectives do not always agree. Multiple measures, including sibling self-report and parent reports, are necessary for accurate determination of sibling need and involvement.
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Hornsby, Benjamin W. Y., Samantha J. Gustafson, Hope Lancaster, Sun-Joo Cho, Stephen Camarata, and Fred H. Bess. "Subjective Fatigue in Children With Hearing Loss Assessed Using Self- and Parent-Proxy Report." American Journal of Audiology 26, no. 3S (October 12, 2017): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_aja-17-0007.
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Purpose The primary purposes of this study were to examine the effects of hearing loss and respondent type (self- vs. parent-proxy report) on subjective fatigue in children. We also examined associations between child-specific factors and fatigue ratings. Method Subjective fatigue was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (PedsQL-MFS; Varni, Burwinkle, Katz, Meeske, & Dickinson, 2002). We compared self- and parent-proxy ratings from 60 children with hearing loss (CHL) and 43 children with normal hearing (CNH). The children ranged in age from 6 to 12 years. Results School-age CHL experienced more overall and cognitive fatigue than CNH, although the differences were smaller than previously reported. Parent-proxy report was not strongly associated with child self-report, and parents tended to underestimate their child's fatigue, particularly sleep/rest fatigue. Language ability was also associated with subjective fatigue. For CHL and CNH, as language abilities increased, cognitive fatigue decreased. Conclusions School-age CHL experience more subjective fatigue than CNH. The poor association between parent-proxy and child reports suggests that the parent-proxy version of the PedsQL-MFS should not be used in isolation when assessing fatigue in school-age children. Future research should examine how language abilities may modulate fatigue and its potential academic consequences in CHL.
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Ross, Veerle, Daniel J. Cox, Ron Reeve, Timothy Brown, Matthew Moncrief, Rose Schmitt, and Gary Gaffney. "Measuring the attitudes of novice drivers with autism spectrum disorder as an indication of apprehensive driving: Going beyond basic abilities." Autism 22, no. 1 (October 13, 2017): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317735959.
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For some individuals with autism spectrum disorder, driving apprehension may interfere with the acquisition and application of driving privileges. The Driving Attitude Scale Parent-Report provides an indication of novice drivers’ positive and negative attitudes toward driving. Responses were compared for parents of 66 autism spectrum disorder and 166 neuro-typical novice drivers. After the autism spectrum disorder drivers completed 3 months of driver training, 60 parents repeated the Driving Attitude Scale Parent-Report. Parents reported autism spectrum disorder drivers to have less positive and more negative attitudes toward driving than parents of neuro-typical drivers. Parents of autism spectrum disorder drivers who received driving training in a safe/low-threat virtual reality driving simulator demonstrated a significant increase in positive attitudes and reduction in negative attitudes, compared to parents of autism spectrum disorder drivers undergoing routine driver training. The reports of parents of autism spectrum disorder drivers suggest potential problems with learning to drive that can go beyond general abilities and include driving apprehension.
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Lewis, Terri, Richard Thompson, Jonathan B. Kotch, Laura J. Proctor, Alan J. Litrownik, Diana J. English, Desmond K. Runyan, Tisha R. Wiley, and Howard Dubowitz. "Correlates of Parent–Youth Discordance About Youth-Witnessed Violence: A Brief Report." Violence and Victims 28, no. 5 (2013): 865–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00053.
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Studies have consistently demonstrated a lack of agreement between youth and parent reports regarding youth-witnessed violence (YWV). However, little empirical investigation has been conducted on the correlates of disagreement. Concordance between youth and parents about YWV was examined in 766 parent–youth dyads from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). Results showed that significantly more youth (42%) than parents (15%) reported YWV. Among the dyads in which at least one informant reported YWV (N = 344), we assessed whether youth delinquency, parental monitoring, parent–child relationship quality, history of child maltreatment, income, and parental depression were predictive of parent–youth concordance. Findings indicated that youth engagement in delinquent activities was higher in the groups in which the youth reported violence exposure. More empirical study is needed to assess correlates of agreement in high-risk youth to better inform associations found between exposures and outcomes as well as practice and policy for violence exposed youth.
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Valier, Alison R. Snyder, Elizabeth M. Swank, Kenneth C. Lam, Matthew L. Hansen, and Tamara C. Valovich McLeod. "Comparison of Patient and Proxy Reporting of Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescent Athletes Who Suffer a Sports-Related Injury and Require Orthopedic Consultation." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 22, no. 4 (November 2013): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.22.4.248.
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Context:Accurate assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is important for quality patient care. Evaluation of HRQoL typically occurs with patient self-report, but some instruments, such as the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), allow for proxy reporting. Limited information exists comparing patient and proxy reports of HRQoL after sport-related injury in adolescent athletes.Objective:To compare patient ratings and parent-proxy ratings of HRQoL in adolescent athletes who suffer musculoskeletal injuries requiring orthopedic consultation. The authors hypothesized poor agreement between patient and parent-proxy ratings of HRQoL.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Orthopedic practice.Patients:Thirteen adolescent patients with a sport-related musculoskeletal injury requiring orthopedic consultation and 1 of their parents participated.Interventions:During the initial visit to the physician’s office, each patient was asked to complete the PedsQL, and the patient’s parent was asked to complete the parent-proxy version of the PedsQL.Main Outcome Measurements:The PedsQL is a pediatric generic outcome measure that consists of a total score and 4 subscale scores: physical, emotional, social, and school functioning. Means and standard deviations were calculated for all scores, and comparisons between patient-self report and parent-proxy ratings of HRQoL were made for the PedsQL total score and subscale scores using Pearson product–moment correlations (r).Results:Pearson product–moment correlations showed little to fair insignificant relationships between patient self-report and parent-proxy report of the PedsQL for the total score (r = −.1) and all subscales (range r = .1 to .4).Conclusions:Our results suggest a lack of agreement between patient and parent-proxy ratings of HRQoL, with patients rating their HRQoL lower than their parent. Patient perception of HRQoL may be more accurate than proxy report, which supports the use of patient-rated HRQoL in patient evaluation. Assessments of HRQoL made by proxies, even those close to the patient, may not represent patient health status.
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Colomer, Carla, Judith Wiener, and Angela Varma. "Do Adolescents With ADHD Have a Self-Perception Bias for Their ADHD Symptoms and Impairment?" Canadian Journal of School Psychology 35, no. 4 (September 4, 2020): 238–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0829573520936457.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-perception bias (SPB) in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The SPB was defined as adolescent underestimation of their learning and behavior problems in comparison to parent- or teacher-reports or a standardized achievement test. The sample comprised 74 adolescents, ages 13 to 18 (40 ADHD; 34 comparison). Compared to adolescents without ADHD, adolescents with ADHD underreported their symptoms and impairment when parent-reports, but not teacher-reports were the indicator of performance. Adolescents with ADHD, however, reported more difficulties in all areas of functioning than adolescents without ADHD. In the sample of adolescents with ADHD, self- and parent-reports of learning problems, but not teacher-reports, were significantly associated with adolescent total academic achievement test score. Adolescents with learning problems as measured by the achievement test, and social problems as rated by parents, reported higher levels of these difficulties than adolescents whose functioning was in the average range; however, adolescents with clinical levels of oppositional behaviors, as rated by parents or teachers, did not report elevated levels of these behaviors. Depressive symptoms were associated with a lower SPB. Implications of these findings for psychologists’ use of self-report measures with adolescents with ADHD are discussed.
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Dowda, Marsha, Russell R. Pate, James F. Sallis, Patty S. Freedson, Wendell C. Taylor, John R. Sirard, and Stewart G. Trost. "Agreement between Student-Reported and Proxy-Reported Physical Activity Questionnaires." Pediatric Exercise Science 19, no. 3 (August 2007): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.19.3.310.
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Parents and 531 students (46% males, 78% white) completed equivalent questionnaires. Agreement between student and parent responses to questions about hypothesized physical activity (PA) correlates was assessed. Relationships between hypothesized correlates and an objective measure of student’s moderate- to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a subset of 177 students were also investigated. Agreement between student and parent ranged from r = .34 to .64 for PA correlates. Spearman correlations between MVPA and PA correlates ranged from −.04 to .21 for student report and −.14 to .32 for parent report, and there were no statistical differences for 8 out of 9 correlations between parent and student. Parents can provide useful data on PA correlates for students in Grades 7–12.
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Perrin, E. C. "Technical Report: Coparent or Second-Parent Adoption by Same-Sex Parents." PEDIATRICS 109, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.109.2.341.
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Cohen, Deborah A., and Kathryn L. P. Linton. "Parent Participation in an Adolescent Drug Abuse Prevention Program." Journal of Drug Education 25, no. 2 (June 1995): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pcyv-ntfh-dy0v-euly.
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This study reports the level of participation of parents in a parent-targeted school-based drug prevention program, the differences between students whose parents participate and those who don't, and the implications for involving parents in future drug prevention programs. Among 1761 eligible seventh grade families, 1263 students (72%) and 1142 parents (65%) completed surveys assessing the quality of parent-child relationships as well as tobacco and alcohol use. Ten percent of eligible families attended at least one of the evening sessions. Compared to students whose parents completed the survey, students whose parents did not complete a survey were more likely to report they used tobacco, had more friends who used substances, were monitored less by their parents, had more risk-taking behaviors, had lower grade-point averages, and their parents had higher rates of tobacco and alcohol use. Parents who attended evening sessions had the lowest rates of tobacco use and reported spending the most time with their children. Parent-targeted drug preventions programs may stigmatize attending parents and may be unlikely to attract the highest risk families.
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Lu, Yi, Tia Marks, Shao Lin, Iulia A. Neamtiu, Eva Csobod, and Eugen Gurzau. "Agreement between parental and student reports on respiratory symptoms and school environment in young Romanian children – evidence from the SINPHONIE project." Reviews on Environmental Health 34, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2018-0087.
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Abstract Background Environmental research involving children often relies on the self-report or parental report of symptoms and environmental issues. While previous studies explored the agreements between child and parental reports, few of them were conducted in younger children and in developing countries. In this study, we addressed the research gaps by assessing the agreement between child and parental report on respiratory symptoms and school environment in Romanian primary schools. Methods Two hundred and eighty students from five schools and their parents participated in this study. Information on child’s respiratory symptoms and perceptions of school environment was collected via both student and parent questionnaires. Agreement between the two questionnaires was assessed by absolute agreement rates and kappa statistics. Prevalence index (PI), bias index (BI) and maximum attainable kappas were calculated to identify potential sources of disagreements. Results The agreement between student and parent questionnaires was low. Compared to the student’s report, parents often reported more symptoms than their children, particularly flu-like symptoms, and school environment problems. Parent and child tend to agree when there was no symptom reported, but disagreements often occurred when symptoms were reported. After adjusting for the PI, the agreements for asthma and allergic symptoms improved substantially. Disagreement on reporting of flu-like symptoms was strongly affected by pre-existing causes, such as different understandings of the questions between students and parents. Conclusion Parental report may have a higher sensitivity in capturing a child’s respiratory symptoms and school environment problems compared to self-report among young children in developing countries.
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Gerst, E. H., SMaegan D, and G. A. Gioia. "Fatigue After Concussion: Do Children and Their Parents Report the Same Changes?" Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 5 (July 2019): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz026.42.
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Abstract Purpose Fatigue is a commonly reported complaint after concussion; however, fatigue is multi-faceted and a child’s experience of fatigue may differ from their parent’s observations. Differences in self and parent report of post-concussive changes in fatigue were examined. Methods Participants were 266 patients (Mean age=13.49, SD=2.75, range 5–18) seen in a concussion clinic. The PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS) was completed. Dependent variables were: General Fatigue, Cognitive Fatigue, Sleep Fatigue, and Total Fatigue. Pearson correlations, paired-tests, and repeated measures MANOVA evaluated differences. Results Self- and parent-report scores were correlated (r range=.33 to .66, p< .01). Change in fatigue differed by rater (F(1, 247)=6.79, p=.01, ηp2=.03). For General and Sleep Fatigue, self- and parent report were not statistically different. For Cognitive Fatigue, self-report was significantly worse than parent report. Adolescents (13-18) reported higher Cognitive Fatigue than older children (8-12), t(255)=2.263, p=.02. Parents did not observe a difference between age-groups for Cognitive Fatigue. There were non-significant trends toward female adolescents reporting more change in Cognitive Fatigue. Conclusion Children and parents agree that fatigue worsens during concussion recovery. However, parents may not observe the effect of fatigue on cognitive activities (i.e., schoolwork), specifically among adolescents. Thus, self-report of symptom experience after concussion should be an essential part of a post-concussive evaluation. Future studies would benefit from examination of the functional impact of worsened fatigue following concussion.
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Pratiwi, Nurfiyani Dwi. "KEMITRAAN SEKOLAH DAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENANAMAN KEDISPLINAN IBADAH SISWA SMA NEGERI 5 YOGYAKARTA." Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 13, no. 2 (April 24, 2017): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jpai.2016.132-02.
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Nurfiyani Dwi Pratiwi. Partnership Schools And Parents In Students’ Worship Disciplines Education.Yogyakarta: Islamic Teaching Department ofTarbiya and Teaching Faculty UIN Sunan KalijagaYogyakarta. This study aims to determine the form of partnership schools and parents in educateworship discipline of students, as well as factors supporting and inhibiting. This is a qualitativeresearch using approach of Sociology.The results of this research show that 1) Forms of partnerships: teachers and parents meetings,correspondence the school and parents, home visits, parent involvement in school events, associationsof parents and teachers, and periodic reports using a books report. 2) The supporting factors: the socialcompetence of teachers, parents’ attention in children’s education, and open access schools. Inhibitingfactors: level of education and the work of parents and teachers administrative tasks.Keywords: Partnership, School, Parent, and Worship.
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Doan, Tri, Tuan Tran, and Han Nguyen. "The Vietnamese Version of the Health-related Quality of Life Measure for Children with Epilepsy (CHEQOL-25): Reliability." MedPharmRes 1, no. 1 (December 10, 2017): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32895/ump.mpr.1.1.9/suffix.
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Purpose: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the self-report and parent-proxy Health-Related Quality of Life Measure for Children with Epilepsy (CHEQOL-25) into Vietnamese and to evaluate their reliability. Methods: Both English versions of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 were translated and culturally adapted into Vietnamese by using the Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process. The Vietnamese versions were scored by 77 epileptic patients, who aged 8–15 years, and their parents/caregivers at neurology outpatient clinic of Children Hospital No. 2 – Ho Chi Minh City. Reliability of the questionnaires was determined by using Cronbach’s coefficient α and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Both Vietnamese versions of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 were shown to be consistent with the English ones, easy to understand for Vietnamese children and parents. Thus, no further modification was required. Cronbach’s α coefficient for each subscale of the Vietnamese version of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 was 0.65 to 0.86 and 0.83 to 0.86, respectively. The ICC for each subscale of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 was in the range of 0.61 to 0.86 and 0.77 to 0.98, respectively. Conclusion: The Vietnamese version of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 were the first questionnaires about quality of life of epileptic children in Vietnam. This Vietnamese version was shown to be reliable to assess the quality of life of children with epilepsy aged 8–15 years.
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Leung, Cynthia, Sandra Tsang, Kitty Heung, and Mia Tam. "Healthy Start Home Visiting Program—School-Based Model: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial." Research on Social Work Practice 29, no. 6 (July 10, 2018): 628–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731518786578.
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Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Healthy Start Home Visiting Program—School-Based Model (HSS), using a cluster randomized controlled trial design. Methods: Participants included 224 parents from 20 preschools randomized into intervention and wait-list control groups at the preschool level. Furthermore, 105 parents from the participating preschools were trained as parent ambassadors to assist in program delivery. They were randomized into intervention and control groups at the preschool level. Outcome measures included parent and teacher reports on children’s learning, parent report on children’s behavior and health, their own parenting, and direct assessment of children. Parent ambassadors completed measures on parenting and their children’s behavior before training and after program delivery. Results: There was significant improvement at postintervention in parenting, children’s behavior, and learning and health in the intervention group, compared with the control group. Conclusions: The results provided evidence on the effectiveness of the HSS program.
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Bradbury, A. R., L. Patrick-Miller, B. Egleston, C. Sands, M. Feigon, K. Pawlowski, C. Ibe, M. Daly, O. Olopade, and C. Daugherty. "Parent perceptions of offspring responses to parental communication of BRCA1/2 test results." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.1511.
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1511 Background: Many BRCA1/2 mutation carriers report sharing their genetic test results with their minor children. The impact of this communication on offspring remains unknown. Methods: 163 parents who had BRCA1/2 testing completed qualitative interviews regarding their experiences with communication of their genetic test results to offspring. Descriptive responses were coded and response proportions utilized to summarize results. We used multiple regressions fit by GEE to test associations with disclosure. We controlled for parent mutation status in each regression. Results: 163 parents (52 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers) reported on 323 offspring 5 to 25 years old at the time of parent genetic testing. 107 (66%) parents reported disclosing to at least one offspring. Child age (p < 0.001) and parent cancer history (p = 0.004) were positively associated with disclosure. Parents without a BRCA1/2 mutation were more likely to communicate test results than parents with a mutation (p = 0.007). Among parents who disclosed, few (14%) reported they perceived their offspring to have had an initial negative affective or behavioral response. Others (13%) reported offspring concern for self and family. Reports of initial negative responses and concern were more frequent among parents with a mutation or a variant of uncertain significance. Many parents reported that the communication had no significant impact (39%) or a positive impact (36%) on their offspring. Conclusions: Many parents report sharing BRCA1/2 test results with their offspring. Parent self-reports suggest that they do not perceive most offspring to experience adverse reactions to this communication. Self-reports suggest that offspring learning of a BRCA1/2 mutation or a variant of uncertain significance may be more susceptible to initial negative reactions. Further research is necessary to explore psychosocial and behavioral responses to learning of hereditary risk during childhood and adolescence, and to inform the development of interventions to optimize adaptive response. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Cesarone, Bernard. "ERIC/EECE Report: Parent-Teacher Conferences." Childhood Education 76, no. 3 (March 2000): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2000.10522105.
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Riley, Anne W., Jillian Trabulsi, Manjiang Yao, Katherine B. Bevans, and Patricia A. DeRusso. "Validation of a Parent Report Questionnaire." Clinical Pediatrics 54, no. 12 (March 9, 2015): 1167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922815574075.
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Hungerford, Anne, Richard L. Ogle, and Caroline M. Clements. "Children’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence: Relations Between Parent-Child Concordance and Children’s Adjustment." Violence and Victims 25, no. 2 (April 2010): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.2.185.
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The current study examined the extent to which seventy-five 5- to 13-year-old children and their mothers agreed about whether children had been exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) and the association between parent–child agreement and children’s psychological adjustment. One type of disagreement (i.e., parents failed to report IPV exposure that children reported) was associated with children’s perceptions of less positive family relationships. Parents of these children, however, reported fewer child adjustment problems than did parents who agreed with their children about children’s IPV exposure. The findings suggest the importance of obtaining children’s reports of their own exposure to IPV in addition to parental reports. Moreover, parent–child concordance with respect to children’s IPV exposure may be an important variable to examine in understanding variations in children’s adjustment.
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Seay, Kristen D. "Detection of Problematic Substance Use in the Child Welfare System: A Comparison of Self-Report and Caseworker Report." Child Maltreatment 24, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559518815613.
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Using a national sample of American families investigated for child maltreatment, this article compares parental self-report on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and Drug Abuse Screening Test measures to caseworker report of problematic alcohol and drug use at investigation. Data in this article are from child welfare caseworkers and a subset of parents surveyed in the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II—primary caregivers (most often the biological mother) whose child remained in the home following investigation ( n = 4,009). Caseworkers identified problematic alcohol use in only 17.7% of the parents who self-reported problematic alcohol use and problematic drug use in 37.6% of the parents who self-reported problematic drug use. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of problematic alcohol use were 21.5% and 94.8%, respectively, and 65.3% and 83.7% for problematic drug use, respectively. After controlling for the other variables in the model, an allegation of substance use reduced the odds of caseworker detection of problematic alcohol use being consistent with parent self-report (odds ratio [ OR] = 0.45, p < .01) and the odds of caseworker detection of problematic drug use being consistent with parent self-report ( OR = 0.13, p < .001).
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Bhullar, G., Y. Wei, B. El-Aloul, K. Speechley, M. Miller, and C. Campbell. "P.078 Health-related quality of life and fatigue in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A three-year longitudinal study." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 45, s2 (June 2018): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2018.180.
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Background: Longitudinal data on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and fatigue in paediatric Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are limited. Recently, fatigue was reported to be the greatest predictor of poor HRQOL in paediatric DMD. Understanding the trajectory of HRQOL and its relationship with fatigue may facilitate the development of improved therapeutic strategies. Our objective was to describe three-year changes in HRQOL and fatigue in children with DMD. Methods: Patients identified via the Canadian Neuromuscular Disease Registry received mailed questionnaires (2013–2016). HRQOL was assessed using the PedsQLTM GCS and NMM domains, and fatigue was assessed using the MFS domain (patient- and parent-report). Mean three-year change in scores were computed. Pearson correlations were computed between three-year change in HRQOL and fatigue. Results: Mean decline in MFS scores for patient- and parent-reports were 1.03 and 1.19, respectively. Mean decline in GCS scores for patient- and parent-report were 1.75 and 4.13, respectively. Mean change in NMM scores for patient- and parent-report were 0.72 and -8.36, respectively. Change in MFS score was associated with changes in GCS (r=0.72, p<0.001) and NMM scores (r=0.84, p<0.001) by patient-report. Conclusions: Children with DMD experience worse fatigue and HRQOL over time. Parents perceive a greater decline in HRQOL over time compared to patients.
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Mason, Tyler, Gayla Margolin, and Genevieve Dunton. "Convergent and Ecological Validity of Mother and Child Reports of Children’s Depressive Symptoms: Evidence from a Diverse Sample of Mother–Child Dyads." Psychiatry International 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint1010001.
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This study investigated the convergent and ecological validity of a multi-informant approach through retrospective measures and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) from mother–child dyads. In 202 mother–child dyads, mothers completed parent-proxy retrospective measures of their child’s depressive symptoms and their own depressive symptoms. Children completed self-report retrospective measures of their own depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and sleep quality; and self-report EMA of affect across 8 days. Results showed that parent-proxy and child self-report retrospective measures of depressive symptoms were weakly positively correlated (r = 0.23); this association was stronger for non-Hispanic mothers compared to Hispanic mothers (p = 0.048). Parent-proxy retrospective measures were moderately positively associated with the mothers’ own retrospectively reported level of depressive symptoms (r = 0.33). Parent-proxy and child self-report retrospective measures were negatively associated with the children’s average EMA happiness (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively), but only the children’s retrospective measures were positively associated with EMA sadness (p = 0.001). In multivariable models, the children’s retrospectively reported depressive symptoms were significantly associated with lower self-esteem and reduced sleep quality, while parent-proxy retrospective reports were only associated with the mother’s own depressive symptoms. Overall, the current study provides evidence for the convergent and ecological validity of children’s self-reports of depressive symptoms. However, there was limited validity for parent-proxy reports, and parent-proxy reports may be highly influenced by the mothers’ depression.
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Santore, Lee A., Alan Gerber, Ayla N. Gioia, Rebecca Bianchi, Fanny Talledo, Tara S. Peris, and Matthew D. Lerner. "Felt but not seen: Observed restricted repetitive behaviors are associated with self-report—but not parent-report—obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder." Autism 24, no. 4 (March 13, 2020): 983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320909177.
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Repetitive behaviors are observed in autism spectrum disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clinically, obsessive-compulsive disorder obsessions are thought to drive repetitive or ritualistic behavior designed to neutralize subjective distress, while restricted and repetitive behaviors are theorized to be reward- or sensory-driven. Both behaviors are notably heterogeneous and often assessed with parent- or clinician-report, highlighting the need for multi-informant, multi-method approaches. We evaluated the relationship between parent- and child self-reported obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms with parent-reported and clinician-indexed restricted and repetitive behaviors among 92 youth with autism spectrum disorder (ages 7–17 years). Regression analyses controlling for the social communication and interaction component of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder symptoms indicated child self-reported, but not parent-reported, symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder were associated with clinician-observed restricted and repetitive behaviors. Although both parent- and child self-reported obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms were associated with parent-reported restricted and repetitive behaviors, the overlap between parent-reports of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and restricted and repetitive behaviors were likely driven by their shared method of parent-reported measurement. Results suggest that children experience restricted and repetitive behaviors in ways that more closely resemble traditional obsessive-compulsive disorder-like compulsions, whereas their parents view such behaviors as symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. These findings provide guidance for better understanding, distinguishing, and ultimately treating obsessive-compulsive disorder behavior in youth with autism spectrum disorder and introduce new conceptualizations of the phenotypic overlap between these conditions. Lay abstract Youth with autism spectrum disorder often exhibit symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder; however, it can be difficult for parents and clinicians to tell the difference between the restricted and repetitive behaviors often seen in autism spectrum disorder and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. This difficulty in distinguishing symptoms may arise from the fact that these symptoms appear the same to observers but are typically differentiated based on whether the motivation for the behavior is to reduce stress (restricted and repetitive behaviors) or whether the behavior itself is stressful (obsessive-compulsive disorder). It is important to know the difference between these two symptoms as it may impact the treatment prescribed. The goal of this study was to better determine the difference between restricted and repetitive behaviors and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in youth with autism spectrum disorder. It was found that although parents and clinicians had trouble differentiating between the two, the children were able to provide insight as to their own motivations for behavior, and thus whether they were restricted and repetitive behaviors or symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. It was also found that children may actually have subjective negative experiences when engaging in restricted and repetitive behaviors, which complicates their classification. These results provide guidance for better understanding, distinguishing, and ultimately treating obsessive-compulsive disorder behavior in youth with autism spectrum disorder.
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Dovgan, Kristen N., Kerri P. Nowell, and Juliana Aguilar. "Influences on Parent Perceptions of Autism Severity." Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 34, no. 4 (December 20, 2018): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088357618815884.
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Research in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often relies on parent report for describing behavior and symptoms. Psychometric studies in assessment have supported the utility of parent report; however, cultural and external factors may influence ratings of severity. The purpose of this study was to investigate if parent characteristics influence the severity rating of ASD over and above child characteristics. Using the 2009–2010 National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN), we examined 3,037 parents who answered questions about their child’s ASD symptoms. We used hierarchical multiple regression to assess child-level variables (age, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and number of co-occurring emotional or behavioral conditions) and family-level variables (education, income, and language). We also performed mediation analyses to examine the relationship between language and severity ratings. Parents rated their child’s ASD as mild (52.3%), moderate (36%), or severe (11.8%). Parent-level variables explained a significant amount of variance over and above child-level variables. Several different stressors and challenges for English Language Learner parents mediated the relationship between language and severe ASD ratings. When asking parents to evaluate a child’s ASD symptoms, clinicians and researchers must consider the influence of sociocultural factors on ratings. In addition, because parent perception can drive help-seeking behaviors, professionals need to understand that there may be differences across sociocultural groups. Future research should investigate which sociocultural perceptions or expectations may be affecting parent ratings of ASD severity.
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Hobson, Hannah, and Neeltje P. van den Bedem. "The Association between Parent and Child-Report Measures of Alexithymia in Children with and without Developmental Language Disorder." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 8309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168309.
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Accurate measures of alexithymia, an inability to recognise and describe one’s own emotions, that are suitable for children are crucial for research into alexithymia’s development. However, previous research suggests that parent versus child reports of alexithymia do not correlate. Potentially, children may report on the awareness of their emotions, whereas parent-report measures may reflect children’s verbal expression of emotion, which may be confounded by children’s communicative abilities, especially in conditions such as Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). Given theoretical arguments that alexithymia may develop due to language impairments, further research into alexithymia in DLD is also needed. This project examined parent and child report measures of alexithymia in children with DLD (n = 106) and without DLD (n = 183), and their association to children’s communication skills. Parent and child reports were not significantly correlated in either group, and children with DLD had higher alexithymia scores on the parent-report measure only. Thus, parent and child measures of alexithymia likely reflect different constructs. Pragmatic language problems related to more parent-reported alexithymia, over and above group membership. Structural language abilities were unrelated to alexithymia. We suggest decreased social learning opportunities, rather than a language measure artefact, underlie increased alexithymic difficulties in DLD.
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Ross, Lisa Thomson, and Elizabeth M. Hill. "Comparing Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Parents on the Family Unpredictability Scale." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2004): 1385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1385-1391.
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Research findings and clinical observations suggest that families with an alcoholic parent are more unpredictable. Alcoholic parents ( n = 25, 68% men, 68% Euro-American, M age = 38.6 yr.) and community parents ( n = 27, 52% men, 70% Euro-American, M age = 38.8 yr.) completed the self-report Family Unpredictability Scale of Ross and Hill. Alcoholic parents reported significantly higher (less predictability) scores on the subscales of Nurturance, Finances, and Discipline, as well as on the Total Family Unpredictability Scale ( ps < .01). This appears to be the first study on family unpredictability and parental alcoholism in which parental reports of multiple dimensions of unpredictability are used. We provide suggestions for research and clinical uses of the scale, especially pertaining to families with an alcoholic parent.
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Mcdermott, Brett M., Mary Batik, Lynne Roberts, and Peter Gibbon. "Parent and Child Report of Family Functioning in a Clinical Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders Sample." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 4 (August 2002): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01043.x.
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Objective: To investigate parent and self-report of family dysfunction in children and adolescents with eating disorders. Further, to investigate family functioning differences across the eating disorders diagnostic groups; anorexia nervosa, eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and bulimia nervosa, and between the restricting and binge-purge eating disorders behavioural subtypes. Methods: The Family Adjustment Device General Functioning Scale (FAD-GFS) was administered to 100 children and their parents who presented consecutively at an eating disorders assessment clinic. DSM-IV eating disorders diagnoses in this group included 42 children diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, 26 with EDNOS, 12 with bulimia nervosa and 20 diagnosed as having no eating disorder. Results: Both the parent and child FAD-GFS report demonstrated high internal consistency supporting the suitability of this instrument for research with this sample. Parent and child reports were moderately positively correlated. Total scores for all eating disorders diagnostic categories were significantly higher than community norms. Anorexia nervosa, EDNOS and bulimia nervosa groups did not significantly differ on parent or child reports. FAD-GFS profiles for restricters and binge-purgers suggest higher levels of family dysfunction in the families of binge purgers. Conclusions: The FAD-GFS has suitable psychometric properties for use as a summary instrument with young people diagnosed with an eating disorder. However, more informative instruments assaying a greater range of constructs, especially in the impulsive, dyscontrol domain, are required to investigate differences among eating disorders diagnostic groups and behavioural subtypes.
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Catts, Stanley V., Allison M. Fox, Philip B. Ward, and Nathaniel McConaghy. "Schizotypy: Phenotypic Marker as Risk Factor." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 1_suppl (February 2000): A101—A107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486740003401s15.
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Objective To evaluate measures of schizotypy as familial risk factors for schizophrenia with the aim of making recommendations for assessing schizotypy as part of screening procedures for identifying people at risk of schizophrenia. Method Published studies using self-report and interview-based measures of schizotypy to assess relatives of patients with schizophrenia are reviewed. A parent study is reported evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of parental schizotypy as assessed by three questionnaire-based measures: the Chapman Perceptual Aberration and Physical Anhedonia Scales, and the Eysenck Psychoticism Scale. Group scores for these self-report ratings of 23 parent-pairs of patients with schizophrenia, 20 parent-pairs of patients with chronic nonpsychotic psychiatric disorder, and 19 parent-pairs of healthy comparison subjects are compared. Results Consistent with published evidence that self-report measures of psychosis-proneness and schizotypy do not consistently reflect familial risk factors that are specific for schizophrenia, scores on questionnaire measures of schizotypy did not distinguish the parents of patients with schizophrenia from the parents in the other two groups. Conclusions Interview-based assessments of schizotypy better assess familial risk factors than self-report measures of schizotypy. Questionnaire measures of schizotypy should be supplemented by interview-based assessments when screening for individuals at risk of schizophrenia.
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Thuppal, Madhavan, Gabrielle A. Carlson, Joyce Sprafkin, and Kenneth D. Gadow. "Correspondence Between Adolescent Report, Parent Report, and Teacher Report of Manic Symptoms." Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 12, no. 1 (March 2002): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/10445460252943542.
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Hawes, David J., and Mark R. Dadds. "Assessing Parenting Practices Through Parent-Report and Direct Observation During Parent-Training." Journal of Child and Family Studies 15, no. 5 (May 20, 2006): 554–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-006-9029-x.
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