Journal articles: 'Parent psychological distress'

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Reczek, Corinne, and Zhe Zhang. "Parent–Child Relationships and Parent Psychological Distress." Research on Aging 38, no. 7 (August 3, 2016): 742–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027515602315.

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Racine, N. M., M. Khu, K. Reynolds, G. M. T. Guilcher, and F. S. M. Schulte. "Quality of life in pediatric cancer survivors: contributions of parental distress and psychosocial family risk." Current Oncology 25, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.25.3768.

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Background Pediatric survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk of poor quality of life and social-emotional outcomes following treatment. The relationship between parent psychological distress and child adjustment in pediatric cancer survivors has been well established. However, limited research has examined the factors that may buffer this association. The current study examined the associations between psychosocial family risk factors, parental psychological distress, and health-related quality of life (hrql) in pediatric cancer survivors.Methods Fifty-two pediatric cancer survivors (34 males, 18 females, mean age = 11.92) and their parents were recruited from a long-term cancer survivor clinic. Children and their parents who consented to participate completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0. Parents completed a demographic information form, the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (pat 2.0) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (bsi). The Intensity of Treatment Rating (itr-3) was evaluated by the research team.Results Multiple regression analyses revealed that parental psychological distress negatively predicted parent reported hrql, while treatment intensity, gender, and psychosocial risk negatively predicted parent and child-reported hrql. Psychosocial risk moderated the association between parent psychological distress and parent-reported child hrql (p = 0.03), whereby parents with high psychological distress but low levels of psychosocial risk reported their children to have higher hrql.Conclusion Low levels of family psychosocial risk buffer the impact of parent psychological distress on child hrql in pediatric cancer survivors. The findings highlight the importance of identifying parents and families with at-risk psychological distress and psychosocial risk in order to provide targeted support interventions to mitigate the impact on hrql.

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Mazza, Cristina, Eleonora Ricci, Daniela Marchetti, Lilybeth Fontanesi, Serena Di Giandomenico, Maria Cristina Verrocchio, and Paolo Roma. "How Personality Relates to Distress in Parents during the Covid-19 Lockdown: The Mediating Role of Child’s Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties and the Moderating Effect of Living with Other People." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 6236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176236.

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Since the initiation of the COVID-19 lockdown, Italian parents have been forced to manage their children at home. The present study aimed at investigating the psychological distress of parents during the lockdown, identifying contributing factors. An online survey was administered to 833 participants from 3 to 15 April 2020. Mediation and moderated mediation models were run to explore the association between parent neuroticism and parent distress, mediated by child hyperactivity–inattention and child emotional symptoms, and the moderating effect of living only with child(ren) on the direct and indirect effects of parent neuroticism on parent distress. For parents living only with child(ren), high levels of psychological distress depended exclusively on their levels of neuroticism. For parents living with at least one other person in addition to child(ren), distress levels were also mediated by child behavioral and emotional difficulties. Motherhood emerged as a significant factor contributing to greater distress. Furthermore, parent psychological distress decreased in line with increased child age. The results confirm that neuroticism is an important risk factor for mental health. Preventive measures should be primarily target multicomponent families with younger children and directed towards parents who are already known to present emotional instability and to parents of children who have received local mental health assistance for behavioral and/or emotional difficulties.

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Taylor, Melanie, Garry Stevens, Kingsley Agho, and Beverley Raphael. "The Impacts of Household Financial Stress, Resilience, Social Support, and Other Adversities on the Psychological Distress of Western Sydney Parents." International Journal of Population Research 2017 (May 22, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6310683.

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This study investigated the prevalence of psychological distress among parents in Western Sydney households and examined its relationship with household financial, family and life stressors, and potential resilience factors. As part of a longer-term study, parents from Western Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), completed computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) in May 2011 (N=439). Respondents were primary caregivers of at least one child (aged 4–16). Responses were weighted to reflect the Western Sydney population. Multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between parent experiences of stressor and resilience factors and reported psychological distress. Overall, 10.7% (95% CI: 7.8, 14.5) reported experiencing high/very high levels of psychological distress. Multivariate analysis indicated that financial hardship factors formed the strongest associations with psychological distress particularly housing and job security factors and, specifically, inability to meet mortgage/rent payments (OR=5.15, 95% CI: 1.74–15.25, p=0.003), poor self-rated health (OR=4.48, 95% CI: 1.88–10.64, p=0.001), adult job loss (OR=3.77, 95% CI: 1.33–10.66, p=0.013), and other family/life events (OR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.05–5.03, p=0.037). High personal resilience was common within this parent population and was a significant protective factor for high psychological distress (OR=0.14, 95% CI: 0.06–0.34, p<0.001). The findings support the development of targeted interventions to promote parent coping strategies in the context of household financial hardship.

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Zhang, Yuchi, Chengpei Xu, Hanyue Dai, and Xiaoyu Jia. "Psychological Distress and Adolescents’ Cyberbullying under Floods and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Parent–Child Relationships and Negotiable Fate as Moderators." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 12279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312279.

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Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), adolescents in 70 countries have suffered the COVID-19 pandemic and flood disasters simultaneously. Although antecedent cyberbullying variables have attracted significant research attention, the effects of psychological distress and the potential mechanisms of cyberbullying among adolescents under multiple disasters remains unclear. Based on social-ecological system theory, this study examines the moderating effects of parent–child relationships and the negotiable fate on the relationship between psychological distress and cyberbullying. A total of 1204 middle school students (52.4% boys) who suffered from floods and the COVID-19 pandemic from Zhengzhou City, China, are the participants. The results reveal that psychological distress was positively related to adolescent cyberbullying during a disaster. Parent–child relationships and negotiable fate significantly moderate the relationship between psychological distress and cyberbullying. Specifically, high parent–child relationships and a high negotiable fate could protect adolescents from the negative effects of psychological distress of cyberbullying. For adolescents with low or high parent–child relationships and low negotiable fate, the links between psychological distress and cyberbullying are stronger. These findings underline the significance of considering the interaction of psychological distress, parent–child relationships, and negotiable fate when examining adolescents’ cyberbullying during disasters.

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Umaretiya, Puja J., Victoria B. Koch, Kristen E. Stevenson, Peter D. Cole, Lisa M. Gennarini, Justine Kahn, Kara M. Kelly, et al. "Household material hardship and parental distress in a multicenter clinical trial for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 10025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10025.

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10025 Background: Poverty is associated with inferior psychosocial function among parents of children with cancer. Severe parental distress during treatment predicts future poor mental health for both parents and children. It is also associated with impaired parental cognitive bandwidth and executive function, which may have implications for treatment adherence. Efforts to identify poverty-exposures amenable to intervention are essential to improving survivorship quality of life for the > 90% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who will be long-term survivors. Household material hardship (HMH) is a targetable poverty exposure defined as at least 1 of 3 unmet basic needs including food, housing, or utilities. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium trial 16-001 is the first pediatric oncology clinical trial to systematically evaluate HMH. We investigated the hypothesis that HMH exposure independently predicts severe parent psychological distress during ALL therapy. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed ALL ages 1-17 years were enrolled on the DFCI 16-001 embedded HMH cohort study at 8 U.S. and Canadian centers. Secondary interim analyses used baseline (within 32-days of trial enrollment) and 6-mos parent-reported sociodemographic data, the Kessler-6 (K6) Psychological Distress scale, and trial-collected child and disease data. Severe psychological distress was defined as a K6 > = 13. Multivariable cox regression evaluated baseline HMH-exposure and parent distress at baseline and 6-mos adjusting for child’s initial ALL risk group (Very High Risk (VHR) vs other) and marital status (single vs dual parent). Results: Among 258 families with evaluable data, 34% reported baseline HMH. Families were predominantly English-speaking (54%) dual parent households (71%). Children were a median of 5.7 years (IQR 1.0-17.99) at diagnosis and predominantly non-Hispanic white (66%) with expected disease distribution by immunophenotype (84% B-cell). HMH (odds ratio (OR) 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-4.31, p = 0.025) and VHR initial risk group (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.06-5.06, p = 0.035) were independently associated with baseline severe psychological distress. Only HMH was independently associated with 6-mos severe psychological distress (OR 4.93, 95% CI 1.80-13.48, p = 0.002). Future analyses will investigate race and ethnicity associations with parental distress pending trial accrual for statistical power. Conclusions: HMH, a modifiable poverty exposure, is significantly associated with severe parent psychological distress at diagnosis that persists 6-months into pediatric ALL therapy. These findings identify a cohort at high risk of inferior mental health outcomes, and affirm the need for HMH-targeted interventions to support children and parents during cancer treatment to reduce poverty-associated outcome disparities in survivorship.

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Ben-Ari, Amichai, Roy Aloni, Shiri Ben-David, Fortu Benarroch, and Daniella Margalit. "Parental Psychological Flexibility as a Mediating Factor of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children after Hospitalization or Surgery." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 11699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111699.

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Background: Illness, surgery, and surgical hospitalization are significant stressors for children. Children exposed to such medical events may develop post-traumatic medical syndrome (PMTS, pediatric medical traumatic stress) that could slow their physical and emotional recovery. Objective: This study examined the relationship between the level of parental psychological resilience and the development of PMTS in young children. Method: We surveyed 152 parents of children aged 1–6 who were admitted to the pediatric surgery department. Parents completed questionnaires in two phases. In the first phase, one of the parents completed the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-ll) and the Parental Psychological Flexibility (PPF) Questionnaire. In the second phase, about three months after discharge, the same parent completed the Young Child PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) Checklist (YCPC) and the UCLA (Los Angeles, CA, USA) PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-5 Parent/Caregiver Version for Children Age 6 Years and Younger Evaluating Post-traumatic Disorder. In addition, the parent completed a Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) questionnaire to assess the existence of post-traumatic symptoms in the parents. Results: The findings indicate that (1) a parent’s psychological flexibility is significantly associated with the level of personal distress (r = −0.45, p < 0.001), (2) a parents’ level of distress is significantly correlated with the child’s level of PTMS, and (3) a parent’s level of psychological flexibility is a significant mediating factor between the level of parental post-traumatic distress and the child’s level of PTMS. Conclusions: A parent’s psychological flexibility may act as a protective factor against the development of the child’s mental distress after hospitalization or surgery.

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Ge, Xiaojia, Rand D. Conger, Frederick O. Lorenz, Michael Shanahan, and Glen H. Elder. "Mutual influences in parent and adolescent psychological distress." Developmental Psychology 31, no. 3 (May 1995): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.31.3.406.

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Self-Brown, Shannon R., Greta M. Massetti, Jieru Chen, and Jeffrey Schulden. "Parents’ Retrospective Reports of Youth Psychological Responses to the Sniper Attacks in the Washington, DC, Area." Violence and Victims 26, no. 1 (2011): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.1.116.

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A random-digit-dial telephone survey was conducted in May 2003, with 355 parents of children ages 2–17 years old, living in Washington, DC, or in the two surrounding counties during the October 2002 sniper shootings, to examine parent retrospective reports of child event-related psychological distress. An estimated 32% of parents reported that children experienced at least one psychological distress symptom related to sniper shootings. Older children, females, children with a history of trauma exposure prior to sniper attacks, children whose parents reported routine disruption as the result of attacks, children whose parents perceived them as at great risk for harm from sniper attacks, and those children whose parents reported more traumatic stress symptoms in response to attacks were at greatest risk for reported psychological distress.

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Bakula, Dana M., Christina M. Sharkey, Megan N. Perez, Hannah C. Espeleta, Kaitlyn L. Gamwell, Marissa Baudino, Alexandria M. Delozier, John M. Chaney, R. Matt Alderson, and Larry L. Mullins. "Featured Article: The Relationship Between Parent and Child Distress in Pediatric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 44, no. 10 (July 1, 2019): 1121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsz051.

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Abstract Objective Parents and children affected by pediatric cancer are at risk for psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. A link is believed to exist between parent and child distress; however, no systematic analysis of this relationship has occurred. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between parent and child distress among families affected by pediatric cancer. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using EBSCO (searching PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Academic search Premiere, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition) and PubMed. The initial search yielded a total of 29,118 articles. Inclusion criteria were that studies assessed the relation between parent and child distress in the context of pediatric cancer, were written in English, and were published in peer-reviewed journals. 28 articles met inclusion criteria. Results A statistically significant association was found between overall parent and child distress (r = .32, p < .001), such that increased parent-reported distress was associated with increased distress in their children. Significant relationships were also present among each type of parental distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and global distress; rs = .31–.51, ps < .001) and overall child distress. Moderation analyses via meta-regression indicated that parent proxy-report of child symptoms was associated with a stronger relationship between parent and child distress than child self-report of their own distress. Conclusions Aligned with the social–ecological framework, familial factors appear to be highly relevant in understanding distress following pediatric cancer diagnosis. Indeed, greater parent distress was associated with greater child distress.

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Wang, Zhiyou, and Ji-Kang Chen. "Influence of Parent–Child Conflict on Psychological Distress among Chinese Adolescents: Moderating Effects of School Connectedness and Neighborhood Disorder." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 9397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159397.

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Previous empirical studies have found that not all adolescents showed a high level of psychological distress when facing parent–child conflict, which implies that there could be some additional moderating variables in this pair association. School connectedness and neighborhood disorder have been regarded as possible moderators of this relationship, but empirical evidence is lacking. The participants in this study included 971 students from two middle schools (grades 7–9) and two high schools (grades 10–12) and their parents in the City of Y, Shanxi Province, in mainland China. The PROCESS macro was used to conduct the moderation analysis. The results revealed that both school connectedness and neighborhood disorder significantly moderated the association of parent–child conflict with adolescent psychological distress. These findings highlighted the significance of increasing school connectedness and decreasing neighborhood disorder to alleviate adolescent psychological distress, thereby contributing to related policies and interventions.

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Loewenstein, Kristy. "Parent Psychological Distress in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Within the Context of the Social Ecological Model: A Scoping Review." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 24, no. 6 (March 26, 2018): 495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390318765205.

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BACKGROUND: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parents are at risk for psychological distress and impaired mental health, and statistics related to parent psychological distress vary. OBJECTIVE: To determine the scope of literature regarding the mental health and psychosocial well-being of parents in the NICU. DESIGN: A scoping review within the Arksey and O’Malley framework and the SEM was undertaken to answer, “What factors contribute to parent’s mental health in the NICU?” A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PRISMA methodology. RESULTS: Common socioeconomic factors and infant and parent characteristics may place parents at a greater risk for developing distress. History of mental illness, family cohesion, birth trauma, altered parenting role, gestational age, birth weight, and severity of prematurity/illness emerged as themes. CONCLUSION: Further research is required to provide a standard for the screening and assessment of parents’ mental health and psychosocial well-being during a NICU hospitalization. The experiences of nonbirth parents in the NICU should be explored to examine the effects of the hospitalization on all types of parents.

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Villani, Simona, Mario Grassi, Alessandra Marinoni, and Gruppo Di Lavoro Adolescenti. "Health status in adolescents: which relation with family image?" Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 6, no. 1 (April 1997): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00008642.

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SUMMARYIntroduction — Many studies have been carried out recently to investigate the relationship between health conditions and family and self characteristics. Objectives — To identify family characteristics (such as type of family, socio-economic status, parent immigration, affection for parents, parents' psychological and physical health) and self characteristics (age, drug use, satisfaction for several life circumstances, psychosomatic symptomatology) that are differently distributed by sex and levels of psychological and physical distress among teen-agers. Methods — We carried out a cross-sectional study on a sample of teen-agers attending high schools in Pavia (Italy), using a self-administered questionnaire. The students were divided in four groups having different levels of psychological and physical distress, based on GHQ-30 (psychological distress indicator), on the number of hospital admissions and consultations to a physician in the last year (the last two are physical distress indicator). Data were analysed applying the multivariate analisy of Canonical Variate. Results — 1346 students were sampled, but only 1189 questionnaire were analysed: 36.8% regarding males and 63.2% females. The Canonical Variate analysis indicated that psycosomatic symptomatology, satisfaction for several life circumstances and affection for parents are important for describing the four distress groups. Conclusions — Only affection for parents has an important role on psychological and physical distress of adolescents, while family characteristics traditionally considered associated with psychological and physical distress in teen-agers (such as living with one or without parents, low socio-economic status) are not associated.

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Kageyama, Masako, Taku Sakamoto, Ayuna Kobayashi, Akiko Hirama, Hiroyuki Tamura, and Keiko Yokoyama. "Childhood Adversities and Psychological Health of Adult Children of Parents with Mental Illness in Japan." Healthcare 11, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020214.

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In this study, we seek to clarify whether the present-day experience of psychological distress among adults whose parents suffered from mental illness is related to their childhood experiences of abuse and neglect and their provision of emotional care for their parents during their school-age years. To this end, a web-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 120 participants over the age of 20 who attended a self-help group responded (50% response rate); of these, 94 had a parent diagnosed with a mental illness, and these participants were included for data analysis purposes. Of the 94 respondents, 65 (69.2%) were highly distressed, as measured by a Kessler (K) 6 measure of ≥5. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the experience of providing emotional care for parents during school-age childhood was significantly related to high levels of distress in adulthood (OR = 3.48; 95% CI 1.21–9.96). For children of parents with mental illnesses, the effects of providing emotional care for parents during childhood may include long-term psychological distress. For this reason, mentally ill parents raising children need visiting community nurses or other professionals to provide emotional care on behalf of their children.

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Raveis, Victoria H., Karolynn Siegel, and Daniel Karus. "Children's Psychological Distress Following the Death of a Parent." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 28, no. 2 (April 1999): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1021697230387.

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Hong, Peipei, Ming Cui, Thomas Ledermann, and Hayley Love. "Parent-Child Relationship Satisfaction and Psychological Distress of Parents and Emerging Adult Children." Journal of Child and Family Studies 30, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 921–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-01916-4.

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Lamparyk, Katherine, Lori Mahajan, Christopher Lamparyk, Ashley Debeljak, Laura Aylward, Kimberly Flynt, and Rita Steffen. "Effects of a Psychological Preparation Intervention on Anxiety Associated with Pediatric Anorectal Manometry." International Journal of Pediatrics 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7569194.

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Background and Aims. High-resolution anorectal manometry (HRM) is associated with significant patient and parent anxiety, which can impact the success and efficiency of the procedure. The nature of HRM necessitates cooperation of an alert child. This study examined effects of psychoeducation intervention on decreasing procedural distress in both pediatric patients and their parents. Methods. A prospective randomized study of children aged 3–12 years, undergoing HRM, was performed utilizing child-centric educational video. Patients received either psychological preparation intervention or treatment-as-usual. Distress was assessed through self-reported and parent-reported anxiety measures (STAIC-S; STAI-S), physiological arousal measurements, and an observational scale of procedural distress (PBCL). Results. A total of 63 children, aged 3–12 yrs (6.7 ± 2.5), completed the study. Measures of observed and reported distress and anxiety (PBCL; STAIC-S) were significantly less in children receiving intervention. Parents of children in the intervention group also reported significantly less preprocedural anxiety (STAI-S). Effects on physiological arousal were mixed, with significant preprocedural decrease in systolic blood pressure but no difference in heart rate from baseline. Conclusions. Preprocedural psychological preparation was effective in decreasing pediatric patient and parental self-reported anxiety associated with HRM. Intervention decreased physician time necessary to successfully complete the study and significantly decreased the number of times patients had to endure balloon inflation.

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Constantin, Kaytlin L., Rachel L. Moline, Rebecca Pillai Riddell, Jeffrey R. Spence, and C. Meghan McMurtry. "Biopsychosocial Contributors to Parent Behaviors during Child Venipuncture." Children 9, no. 7 (July 2, 2022): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9071000.

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Children’s needle-related distress is strongly related to parental verbal behaviors. Yet, empirical data supporting theorized contributors to parent behaviors in this context remain limited. This is the first study to collectively measure biological (heart rate variability; HRV), psychological (catastrophizing, anxiety), and social (child behaviors) contributors to parent verbal behaviors throughout pediatric venipuncture. HRV was used as a measure of emotion regulation capacity and examined as a moderator in the associations between parent psychological factors and their behaviors, and between child and parent behaviors. Sixty-one children aged 7 to 12 years who presented at an outpatient blood lab for venipuncture and a parent participated. Parent baseline HRV, state catastrophizing, and anxiety were measured prior to venipuncture. The procedure was video-recorded for later coding of pairs’ verbal behaviors. Strong associations emerged between child behaviors and parent behaviors. Baseline HRV moderated the association between parent catastrophizing and behavior. Social factors remain a strong influence related to parent behaviors. Psychologically, parent negative cognitions differentially related to parent behaviors based on their emotion regulation capacity. Biologically, low baseline HRV may increase the risk that certain parents engage in a constellation of behaviors that simultaneously direct their child’s attention toward the procedure and inadvertently communicate parental worry, fear, or concern.

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Jones, Leah, Richard Patrick Hastings, Vasiliki Totsika, Lisa Keane, and Neisha Rhule. "Child Behavior Problems and Parental Well-Being in Families of Children With Autism: The Mediating Role of Mindfulness and Acceptance." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 119, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-119.2.171.

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Abstract Few research studies have explored how the level of a child's behavior problems leads to psychological distress in parents of children with autism. The authors explored whether psychological acceptance and mindfulness mediated this relationship between child behavior and parental distress. Seventy-one mothers and 39 fathers of children with autism participated, by reporting on their own positive and negative psychological well-being and their child's behavior problems. Psychological acceptance was found to act as a mediator variable for maternal anxiety, depression, and stress, and for paternal depression. General mindfulness and mindful parenting had significant mediation effects for maternal anxiety, depression, and stress. These results contribute to evidence that mindfulness and acceptance may be important parental psychological processes, with implications for parent support.

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Zheng, Zhiyuan, Jingxuan Zhao, Xuesong Han, Leticia Nogueira, and Robin Robin Yabroff. "Association of parental cancer and school absenteeism, medical financial hardship, healthcare use, and psychological distress among minor children." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 6544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.6544.

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6544 Background: A cancer diagnosis can affect the entire family, including minor children. However, little is known about the association of parental cancer on minor children’s school absenteeism, family’s financial ability to afford healthcare for children, as well as healthcare use, psychological distress, and behavioral problems. Methods: The 2015 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey was used to identify minor children (ages 5-17 years) whose parent(s) reported a cancer history (n = 695, representing 1.2 million children) and children whose parent did not report a cancer history (n = 19,122, representing 35.7 million children). Separate multivariable logistic regressions were used to compare school absenteeism, financial hardship, healthcare use, and psychological distress among children with and without parental cancer history. All analyses adjusted for children’s age group (5-11 years, 12-14 years, and 15-17 years), sex, family income as a percentage of the federal poverty line, marital status of their parents, survey year, and region. Results: Children of cancer survivors were more likely to receive annual well-child checkups, experience school absenteeism, take prescription medications for more than 3 months, visit hospital emergency rooms, suffer psychological distress, and have behavioral problems than children of parents without a cancer history (Table). Conclusions: Parental cancer history is associated with disruption in their minor children’s life. The associated psychological distress and physical and emotional health among these children may develop into more severe health issues in adulthood. Special attention to minor children of parents with a cancer history may be required to help prevent development of longer-term physical and mental health problems.[Table: see text]

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Chang, Grace, Sara J. Ratichek, Christopher Recklitis, Karen Syrjala, Sunita K. Patel, Lynnette Harris, Angie Mae Rodday, Hocine Tighiouart, and Susan K. Parsons. "Children's psychological distress during pediatric HSCT: Parent and child perspectives." Pediatric Blood & Cancer 58, no. 2 (May 25, 2011): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pbc.23185.

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Stock, Nicola Marie, Bruna Costa, Paul White, and Nichola Rumsey. "Risk and Protective Factors for Psychological Distress in Families Following a Diagnosis of Cleft Lip and/or Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 57, no. 1 (August 4, 2019): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665619862457.

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Objectives: Despite the potential psychological impact of a diagnosis of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) on parents, few large-scale studies currently exist. Utilizing data extracted from The Cleft Collective Birth Cohort Study, the current study aimed to examine the psychological impact of the diagnosis on parent and family functioning and to identify risk and/or protective factors contributing to parental adjustment in order to inform future psychological intervention. Methods: Parent-reported questionnaire data were extracted for 1163 parents (644 mothers and 519 fathers). Outcome measures included the PedsQL-Family Impact Module, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a condition-specific tool designed by the Psychology Clinical Excellence Network. Results: Overall, findings suggest that parents adjust well to the diagnosis. Factors found to be protective against psychological distress for both mothers and fathers included a positive life orientation, satisfaction with health care, and relationship satisfaction. Close friendships were also protective against depression in mothers. Risk factors for mothers included the presence of a prior mental health condition, and stressful life events during pregnancy. Risk factors for fathers included being older at the time of conception, and recently being absent from work. Conclusions: Findings suggest a need for appropriate psychological screening of both parents following a diagnosis of CL/P and emphasize the importance of coordinated multidisciplinary care for psychological health. Preventative models of intervention to strengthen familial relationships and build resilience require further investigation.

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Zorzi, Simone, and Gilberto Marzano. "PARENT-TRAINING TO SUPPORT PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 20, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol4.4834.

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Social inclusion necessitates educational efforts to be made to address everyday problems and difficulties. Researchers and practitioners widely emphasize the importance of training parents of children with special needs. Parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have been successfully taught to improve their parent-child relationship, increase communication skills, and decrease inappropriate behaviors, as well as to reduce their psychological distress. This paper presents the results of a survey carried out within the two-year project EXEC (Extending Social Educators Competences) supported by the European Union.

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Godress, Julia, Salih Ozgul, Cathy Owen, and Leanne Foley-Evans. "Grief Experiences of Parents Whose Children Suffer from Mental Illness." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01518.x.

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Objective: To examine the grief experience of parents of adult children with a mental illness and its relationship to parental health and well-being and parent child attachment and affective relationship. Methods: Participants were recruited from a variety of organizations throughout Australia that provide support services for sufferers of mental illness and/or for their families. Seventyone participants (62 mothers and nine fathers) all of whom had a child diagnosed with mental illness volunteered to take part in the study. All completed measures of grief, health status and parent-child relationship. Results: Parents reported experiencing grief in relation to their child's illness as evidenced by intrusive thoughts and feelings and avoidance of behaviour as well as difficulties adapting to and distress associated with reminders of the illness. Parental grief appears to reduce over time, but only in some aspects of grief and after an extended period. Increased parental grief was related to lowered psychological well-being and health status and associated with an anxious/ambivalent and a negative affective parent-child relationship. Conclusion: The study provides important insights into the grief experiences of parents following their child's diagnosis with mental illness. The significant relationship between parental grief and parental psychological well-being and health status as well as to parentchild relationship has important implications for health professionals. Foremost amongst these are the need to validate the distress and grief of parents and to better understand how to provide interventions that promote grief work and family bonds while reducing emotional distress and life disruption.

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V, Indiramma, Seema P. Uthaman, and Shoba Srinath. "Handling the Psychological Distress of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders:." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.20.3.

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Autism Spectrum Disorders are pervasive developmental disorders affecting many children today. Parenting a child with special needs, such as children with autism, is very taxing, as they need intensive and life-long intervention in diverse areas. This paper is an attempt to assess the need of those parents of children with autism and to develop an intervention programme to take care of the psychosocial issues. The study had two phases. In the first phase 120 parents of children with autism spectrum disorders were interviewed using a semi structured interview schedule and GHQ 28. In the second phase, an intervention module was prepared and implemented with 20 parents. The results show that the mean psychological distress was significantly higher for mothers compared to fathers. The scores on subscales show that mothers have higher level of somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression compared to fathers. The pre and post analysis of the group intervention shows that there is a drop in the level of distress and increase in the awareness on child’s illness in parents after the group intervention. The findings show that addressing parental needs in a group setting can be very effective and beneficial in helping parents reduce their distress levels and hence making them better equipped to look after their child with a disability like autism. Keywords: Autism, parent intervention module, psychological distress, group work

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Fuchs, Anna, Erika Lunkenheimer, and Frances Lobo. "Individual differences in parent and child average RSA and parent psychological distress influence parent-child RSA synchrony." Biological Psychology 161 (April 2021): 108077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108077.

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Lawrence, Elizabeth, Elizabeth L. Jeglic, Laura T. Matthews, and Carolyn M. Pepper. "Gender Differences in Grief Reactions following the Death of a Parent." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 52, no. 4 (June 2006): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/55wn-1vuf-tq3w-gd53.

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This study examined gender differences in psychological functioning in a sample of college students who lost a parent to death. Male and female students ( n = 65) who had a parent that had died were asked to complete a series of self report questionnaires to assess psychological distress, feelings of grief and bereavement, and coping strategies. Overall, no gender differences were found between bereaved students on measures of psychological distress. However an avoidant coping style was related to symptoms of depression in females, but not in males. Students who lost a mother were more likely to report symptoms of depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation as compared to students who lost a father. Future research implications and the clinical importance of these findings are discussed.

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Bennetts, Shannon K., Sharinne B. Crawford, Tiffani J. Howell, Fiona Burgemeister, Catherine Chamberlain, Kylie Burke, and Jan M. Nicholson. "Parent and child mental health during COVID-19 in Australia: The role of pet attachment." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 25, 2022): e0271687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271687.

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Restrictions, social isolation, and uncertainty related to the global COVID-19 pandemic have disrupted the ways that parents and children maintain family routines, health, and wellbeing. Companion animals (pets) can be a critical source of comfort during traumatic experiences, although changes to family routines, such as those caused by COVID-19, can also bring about challenges like managing undesirable pet behaviours or pet-human interactions. We aimed to examine the relationship between pet attachment and mental health for both parents and their children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. A total of 1,034 parents living with a child under 18 years and a cat or dog completed an online cross-sectional survey between July and October 2020. Path analysis using multivariate linear regression was conducted to examine associations between objective COVID-19 impacts, subjective worry about COVID-19, human-pet attachment, and mental health. After adjusting for core demographic factors, stronger pet-child attachment was associated with greater child anxiety (parent-reported, p < .001). Parent-pet attachment was not associated with self-reported psychological distress (p = .42), however, parents who reported a strong emotional closeness with their pet reported greater psychological distress (p = .002). Findings highlight the role of pets during times of change and uncertainty. It is possible that families are turning to animals as a source of comfort, during a time when traditional social supports are less accessible. Alternatively, strong pet attachment is likely to reflect high levels of empathy, which might increase vulnerability to psychological distress. Longitudinal evidence is required to delineate the mechanisms underpinning pet attachment and mental health.

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Lai, Jocelyn, Phoebe T. Pham, Jordan Bate, Tracy A. Prout, Alessandro Carollo, Peipei Setoh, Gianluca Esposito, and Jessica L. Borelli. "Being a Parent during COVID-19: Risk for Psychological Distress in the United States and Italy." Social Sciences 11, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11040173.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant effects on people worldwide, yet the psychological impact of collective traumas may differ at the individual and societal level. Parents may be exposed to greater pandemic-related stressors, yet also are more likely than non-parents to have social interactions during social distancing mandates. Furthermore, varying degrees of pandemic severity in countries may alter the adverse outcomes of pandemic stressors on psychopathology across nations. The purpose of this investigation was to cross-nationally explore how COVID-19 stress exposure relates to psychological distress and whether the association differed by parental status and nationality. Individuals from the United States (n = 2449) and Italy (n = 579) completed assessments measuring traumatic stress, depressive symptoms, and COVID-19-related stressors. COVID-19-related stressors were positively associated with traumatic stress and depressive symptoms. The association between COVID-19-related stressors and psychological distress did not differ by parental status or nationality. We also found that being a young adult, having a lower educational status, not being a parent, and being Italian were related to exposure to COVID-19-related stressors. We discuss these findings and their implications for our understanding of unique contexts that may pose as risk or resiliency factors during a global collective trauma, particularly on parental psychological distress as a way of promoting whole-family wellness.

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Kim, Gyu Ri, Jeong-Ja Yun, and Yeong-Hee Kim. "Effects of Parenting Anxiety and Stress on Psychological & Behavioral Control." Research Institute of Human Ecology 26, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36357/johe.2022.26.3.41.

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Background/Objectives: This study the effects of parenting anxiety on psychological and behavioral control mediated by parenting stress. Methods: The total of 208 father and mother of 3-5 year-old children across the country participated in this study. A path model was tested using the AMOS 22.0 program. Bootstrapping methods were used to determine the statistical significance of the indirect effects of the parameters. Results: First, it appeared that as the parents’ anxiety increased, the mother’s parental distress, stress regarding a difficult child increased moreover, as the father’s relationship anxiety increased, all subfactors of the father’s parenting stress increased. In contrast, as the mother’s relationship anxiety increased, the mother’s parent-child dysfunctional interaction, stress regarding a difficult child increased. Second, it appeared that as father’s ability anxiety increased, the father’s behavioral control decreased. However the mother’s ability anxiety did not have a direct impact on mother’s psychological control and behavioral control. Third, it appeared that the parental distress of the parents did not directly impact their psychological and behavioral control. Fourth, it appeared that parenting stress had a mediating effect on the impact of parenting anxiety on the parents’ psychological and behavioral control. Finally, it appeared that the mother’s ability anxiety enhanced the mother’s psychological control because of the stress regarding difficult child. Conclusion/Implications: This study proves that parent’s parenting anxiety and parenting stress are important factors that can influence the psychological and behavioral controls. Thus, developing counseling programs for reducing parenting anxiety and parenting stress tailored to and parents raising infants and to developing parent education programs, including warranted discipline method for promoting positive parenting behaviors, is necessary.

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Olsson, Katherine, Justin A. Kenardy, Erin A. Brown, Erin Charlton, Felicity L. Brown, Owen Lloyd, and Lynne McKinlay. "Evaluation of Parent and Child Psychoeducation Resources for the Prevention of Paediatric Post-concussion Symptoms." Brain Impairment 15, no. 3 (December 2014): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2014.22.

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Background: Persistent post-concussion symptoms (PCS) are associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes, including psychological distress and poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Research has found that the occurrence of persistent PCS can be lowered via paper-based psychoeducation. Unfortunately, these resources have mostly been evaluated in adult populations. Studies in children have failed to address the role of parents in the development and maintenance of PCS, and unfortunately fail to reach a large proportion of the mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) population who do not attend hospital. This study aimed to describe and evaluate a parent information booklet and child information website, for the prevention of paediatric PCS.Methods: Children with uncomplicated mTBI were randomly assigned to either the Intervention (n = 29) or Usual Care condition (n = 20). Families completed pre-treatment, post-treatment (3 month) and follow-up (6 month) assessments of children's PCS, cognitive and psychosocial functioning, and parent's psychosocial functioning. Families also provided feedback on the psychoeducation resources.Results: The Intervention programme, compared to Usual Care, was not associated with significant reductions in children's PCS or HRQOL, parent or child psychological distress, or parent or child knowledge of mTBI.Conclusions: Psychoeducation resources do not appear to be superior to usual care in promotion of both child and parent psychosocial outcomes following mTBI.

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Jones, Jessica, Amy S. Nowacki, Amy Greene, Christine Traul, and Johanna Goldfarb. "Investigating Parent Needs, Participation, and Psychological Distress in the Children’s Hospital." Hospital Pediatrics 7, no. 7 (June 1, 2017): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2016-0175.

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Rainville, François, Serge Dumont, Sébastien Simard, and Marie-Hélène Savard. "Psychological Distress Among Adolescents Living with a Parent with Advanced Cancer." Journal of Psychosocial Oncology 30, no. 5 (September 2012): 519–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2012.703765.

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BARNETT, ROSALIND C., NANCY L. MARSHALL, and JOSEPH H. PLECK. "Adult Son-Parent Relationships and Their Associations With Sons' Psychological Distress." Journal of Family Issues 13, no. 4 (December 1992): 505–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251392013004007.

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BARNETT, ROSALIND C., ROBERT T. BRENNAN, and NANCY L. MARSHALL. "Gender and the Relationship between Parent Role Quality and Psychological Distress." Journal of Family Issues 15, no. 2 (June 1994): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x94015002005.

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The association between parent role quality and psychological distress is examined in a sample of 180 full-time employed dual-earner couples, controlling for such individual-level variables as age, education, occupational prestige, and marital quality and for such couple-level variables as length of marriage, household income, and number, ages, and sex of children. The magnitude of this effect is compared for men and for women. Results indicate that parent role quality is significantly negatively associated with psychological distress for men as well as for women and that the magnitude of the effect depends little, if at all, on gender, casting doubt on the widely held view that parenting experiences more significantly influence women's mental health states than men's. The results are discussed in the context of the converging roles played by men and women in dual-earner couples.

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Vernon, L., D. Eyles, C. Hulbert, L. Bretherton, and M. C. McCarthy. "Infancy and pediatric cancer: an exploratory study of parent psychological distress." Psycho-Oncology 26, no. 3 (May 5, 2016): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.4141.

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Dumont, Roxane, Viviane Richard, Hélène Baysson, Elsa Lorthe, Giovanni Piumatti, Stephanie Schrempft, Ania Wisniak, et al. "Determinants of adolescents’ Health-Related Quality of Life and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): e0272925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272925.

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Background We examined the determinants of adolescents’ Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and psychological distress (self-reported and parent-reported) during the COVID-19 pandemic, using a random sample of the population of Geneva, Switzerland. Methods Data was drawn from participants aged 14–17 years, who participated with their families to a serosurvey conducted in November and December 2020. Adolescents’ HRQoL was evaluated using the validated adolescent-reported KIDSCREEN-10 and parent-reported KINDL® scales. Psychological distress was assessed with self-reported sadness and loneliness, and using the KINDL® emotional well-being scale. Using generalized estimating equations, we examined the role of socio-demographic, family and behavioural characteristics in influencing adolescents’ mental health status and wellbeing. Results Among 240 adolescents, 11% had a low HRQoL, 35% reported sadness and 23% reported loneliness. Based on parents’ perception, 12% of the adolescents had a low HRQoL and 16% a low emotional well-being. Being a girl (aOR = 3.20; 95%CI: 1.67–6.16), increased time on social media (aOR = 2.07; 95%CI: 1.08–3.97), parents’ average to poor mood (aOR = 2.62; 95%CI: 1.10–6.23) and average to poor household financial situation (aOR = 2.31; IC95%: 1.01–6.10) were associated with an increased risk of sadness. Mismatches between adolescents’ and their parents’ perception of HRQoL were more likely for girls (aOR = 2.88; 95%CI: 1.54–5.41) and in households with lower family well-being (aOR = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.86–0.96). Conclusions A meaningful proportion of adolescents experienced low well-being during the second wave of COVID-19, and average well-being was lower than pre-pandemic estimates. Adolescents living in underprivileged or distressed families seemed particularly affected. Monitoring is necessary to evaluate the long-term effects of the pandemic on adolescents.

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Young, Tabitha L. "Counseling Parents of Children With Cancer: Therapeutic Considerations and Strategies." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 40, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.40.3.01.

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Caring for a child with cancer can cause parents immense psychological distress and impairment, which can in turn affect their child. To assist counselors working with the parents of children receiving treatment for cancer, the author presents a review of the complex issues and stressors common to the parent whose child has been diagnosed with cancer. In addition, this article offers therapeutic strategies designed to assist this unique population.

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Bauermeister, José A., Daniel Connochie, Laura Jadwin-Cakmak, and Steven Meanley. "Gender Policing During Childhood and the Psychological Well-Being of Young Adult Sexual Minority Men in the United States." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 3 (November 29, 2016): 693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316680938.

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Hegemonic masculinities (i.e., sets of socially accepted masculine behaviors and beliefs within a given time and culture) may affect the well-being of sexual minority men, yet quantitative relationships between these masculinities and well-being remain largely unexplored. Using data from a national cross-sectional survey of young sexual minority men ( N = 1,484; ages 18-24 years), the current study examined the relationship between parental gender policing during childhood and adolescence and subsequent substance use and psychological distress. Over one third of the sample (37.8%) reported their parent(s) or the person(s) who raised them had policed their gender, including the use of disciplinary actions. Using multivariable regression, this study examined the relationship between parental gender policing and psychological well-being and substance use, after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and current student status. Gender policing during childhood and adolescence was associated with recent substance use behaviors and psychological distress in multivariable models. A linear association between substance use behaviors and psychological distress and the number of disciplinary actions experienced during childhood and adolescence was also observed. Parents’ attempts to police their sons’ gender expression were associated with markers of distress among young sexual minority men. The relationship between parental gender policing during childhood and adolescence and distress among young sexual minority men are discussed.

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Hasson-Ohayon, Ilanit, and Michal Braun. "Being a parent and coping with cancer: Intervention development." Palliative and Supportive Care 9, no. 2 (May 4, 2011): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951511000174.

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AbstractObjective:Diagnosis of a parent's cancer has a profound influence on the parent, the children and the child–parent relationship, and puts all family members at risk for psychological distress. This article describes the development and the first attempts at implementation of an intervention aimed at helping people cope with difficulties arising from being both parents and cancer patients.Methods:Based on themes discussed in focus groups with parents coping with cancer and with professionals in the field, a four-module psychological intervention was developed. The modules are: Telling and Sharing, Children’ Responses, Routine and Changes, and Learning and Awareness as a Parent. The techniques used are mainly psycho-educational and cognitive–behavioral.Results:Preliminary experience showed this intervention to be more feasible as a one-day workshop than as a four-session intervention. Parents who participated in two workshops reported it to be helpful in empowering them as parents and in imparting learning tools for identifying their children's needs, as well as for communicating with their children.Significance of results:Intervention tailored specifically for parents coping with cancer can be relevant for their special needs. Research is needed to establish the effectiveness of this intervention.

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Garrett, Christopher J., Khalida Ismail, and Peter Fonagy. "Understanding developmental psychopathology in Type 1 diabetes through attachment, mentalisation and diabetes distress." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 26, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 682–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104521994640.

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This article examines the combined roles of attachment mentalisation and diabetes distress in the psychological development of young people with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). We use these ideas to unify the evidence for psychological variables affecting young people and their families and suggest how diabetes distress and mentalisation might be part of the pathways for development of psychiatric diagnoses. Attachment theory’s central hypothesis is that a secure relationship with a care-giver in the early life of a child is essential to normal emotional and relational development, whilst diabetes distress is a well recognised phenomena of burden experienced by both child and parent in relation to the condition. We extend the ideas of attachment, into the psychological adaptation processes for young people at the time of diagnosis of T1D with emphasis on the function of the parent/caregiver in mentalising the experience of the child. We also connect our current understanding of diabetes distress to the associated increased risk for disorders of eating and personality in T1D. Using principles learnt in other areas of psychotherapeutic practice we end by suggesting interventions that could impact mental health and diabetes outcomes using the mentalisation model.

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Rikos, Nikolaos, Andreas Mpalaskas, Maria Fragiadaki, Chara Frantzeskaki, Anna Kassotaki, and Manolis Linardakis. "Quality of Life and Psychological Burden of Parents of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study during the Lockdown Period of COVID-19." Nursing Reports 12, no. 3 (August 6, 2022): 564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12030055.

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The current study aimed to investigate how parents of children, adolescents, and young adults with DM1 perceived quality of life and psychological burden during the lockdown period of COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 110 parents in Greece in spring 2021. Perceived quality of life was measured using the Parent Diabetes Distress Scale, and psychological burden was measured using the Spielberger State/Trait Anxiety Inventory, and both were assessed with correlational analysis. Overall, 79.1% of the parents were females ,while the mean age of all was 44.4 years (±5.8). PDDS was found to be moderate (mean 2.42 ± 0.76): 63.6% of respondents had moderate/high distress. The highest mean score was for Teen Management Distress and the lowest for Healthcare Team (3.02 vs. 1.49, p < 0.001). STAI was found to be moderate to high, with a higher mean score for state versus trait anxiety (49.8 vs. 48.0, p = 0.006). Increased distress or poorer parents’ quality of life was related with the highest number of hyperglycemic episodes (β = 0.25, p = 0.002), the fewest hypoglycemic episodes (β = −0.18, p = 0.024), and the highest parental trait anxiety (β = 0.04, p < 0.001). Parents were found with moderate-to-high distress and anxiety, and their correlation also shows that there is an urgent need for suitable education of parents on managing the disease to improve quality of life and eliminate health risks to all involved.

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Townsend, Michelle L., Caitlin E. Miller, Emily L. Matthews, and Brin F. S. Grenyer. "Parental Response Style to Adolescent Self-Harm: Psychological, Social and Functional Impacts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 13407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413407.

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Adolescent self-harm is a significant public health issue. We aimed to understand how parent stress response styles to their child’s self-harm affects their wellbeing and functioning and the wider family. Thirty-seven participants in Australia (parents; 92% female) completed a mixed methods survey regarding their adolescent child’s self-harm. We conducted Pearson zero-order correlations and independent t-tests to examine the impact of parent response style on their quality of life, health satisfaction, daily functioning, and mental health. We also used thematic analysis to identify patterns of meaning in the data. Two-thirds of participants reported mental ill health and reduced functional capacity due to their adolescent’s self-harm. Parents with a more adaptive response style to stress had better mental health. Qualitative analyses revealed parents experienced sustained feelings of distress and fear, which resulted in behavioural reactions including hypervigilance and parental mental health symptoms. In the wider family there was a change in dynamics and parents reported both functional and social impacts. There is a need to develop psychological support for the adolescent affected and parents, to support more adaptive response styles, and decrease the negative effects and facilitate the wellbeing of the family unit.

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Del Bianco, Teresa, Yagmur Ozturk, Ilaria Basadonne, Noemi Mazzoni, and Paola Venuti. "The thorn in the dyad: A vision on parent-child relationship in autism spectrum disorder." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 14, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 695–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v14i3.1453.

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Parents and children form a family: their characteristics balance personal and family well-being with healthy levels of stress. Research on parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) demonstrated that higher levels of parental stress are associated with communication impairment, a core symptom of ASD. The aim of this article is to discuss the connection between non-verbal communication impairment and parental psychological distress, in families with children with ASD. The interaction between atypical communication and distress of parents likely determines a cascade effect on the parent-child dyad; in fact, it decreases the quality and frequency of interactions, preventing the establishment of a healthy parent-child relationship and leading to a series of collateral problems. To this perspective, guiding the parents to reframe their children’s atypical communicative behaviour can relieve parental stress and re-program the interactional routine. This observation stresses the importance of interventions centred on the dyad, especially during early development and soon after the diagnosis, when the communicative impairment may be extremely severe.

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Micklewright, Jackie L., Tricia Z. King, Kathleen O'Toole, Chris Henrich, and Frank J. Floyd. "Parental Distress, Parenting Practices, and Child Adaptive Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, no. 2 (February 7, 2012): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617711001792.

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AbstractModerate and severe pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are associated with significant familial distress and child adaptive sequelae. Our aim was to examine the relationship between parental psychological distress, parenting practices (authoritarian, permissive, authoritative), and child adaptive functioning 12–36 months following TBI or orthopedic injury (OI). Injury type was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between parental distress and child adaptive functioning, demonstrating a significantly stronger relationship in the TBI relative to OI group. Authoritarian parenting practices were hypothesized to mediate relationship between parental distress and child adaptive functioning across groups. Groups (TBIn= 21, OIn= 23) did not differ significantly on age at injury, time since injury, sex, race, or SES. Parents completed the Brief Symptom Inventory, Parenting Practices Questionnaire, and Vineland-II. Moderation and mediation hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression and a bootstrapping approach, respectively. Results supported moderation and revealed that higher parental psychological distress was associated with lower child adaptive functioning in the TBI group only. Mediation results indicated that higher parental distress was associated with authoritarian parenting practices and lower adaptive functioning across groups. Results suggest that parenting practices are an important area of focus for studies attempting to elucidate the relationship between parent and child functioning following TBI. (JINS, 2012,18, 343–350)

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Wilk, Piotr. "Women's Employment Transitions and Changes in Psychological Distress." Canadian Studies in Population 28, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p62w2b.

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The effect of employment on women’s psychological wellbeing has become an important issue in sociology of mental health. Although work-for-pay is thought to have an overall positive impact on women’s psychological wellbeing, not all women equally experience this positive effect. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of transitions in employment status on changes in psychological distress among women in two types of family setting: lone parent families and married couple families (including common-law unions). Using a framework which combines a longitudinal design with a structural equation modeling multigroup analysis, the current study indicates clearly that employment transitions and employment stability have no uniform effect on the mental health of all mothers. Specifically, transition into employment offers a significant reduction in feelings of distress only among married mothers. Single mothers, in contrast, are found to experience a significant increase in the level of distress when they move out of employment. The results of this study point to some advantages of longitudinal research designs over cross-sectional designs.

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Evans, Subhadra, Sampada Bhide, Jeremey Quek, Jan M. Nicholson, Vicki Anderson, Philip Hazell, Melissa Mulraney, and Emma Sciberras. "Mindful Parenting Behaviors and Emotional Self-Regulation in Children With ADHD and Controls." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 45, no. 9 (September 12, 2020): 1074–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa073.

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Abstract Objective Mindfulness is defined as paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally and these behaviors can be applied to parenting. Thus far, it is not understood whether mindful parenting (MP) differs in parents of children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and how MP relates to other parenting practices and children’s self-regulation. Methods This study examined the relationships between MP, parenting behaviors and children’s self-regulation in 120 families with child ADHD (85% male; mean age = 11.93) and 105 control families (62% male; mean age = 11.98). Parents completed measures of MP (Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale), parenting behaviors (parenting warmth, consistency, and anger assessed with the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children measures), psychological distress (Kessler 6), and children’s self-regulation (Social Skills Improvement System—self-control subscale). Results When compared with controls, parents of children with ADHD reported significantly lower MP. Higher MP was associated with lower levels of parent psychological distress, higher levels of parenting warmth and consistency, lower levels of parenting anger, and higher child emotion self-regulation in both groups. In mediation analyses, MP was indirectly associated with child emotion self-regulation through lower parenting anger, with the model accounting for 55% of the variance in child self-regulation. Conclusions MP is a useful construct for understanding parent behaviors, and children’s emotion self-regulation.

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Chen, Sui-Qing, Shu-Dan Chen, Xing-Kai Li, and Jie Ren. "Mental Health of Parents of Special Needs Children in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 9519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249519.

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We assessed the mental health of parents (N = 1450, Mage = 40.76) of special needs children during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online survey comprising items on demographic data; two self-designed questionnaires (children’s behavioral problems/psychological demand of parents during COVID-19); and four standardized questionnaires, including the General Health Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support, Parenting Stress Index, and Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five Factor Inventory. The results showed that there were significant differences among parents of children with different challenges. Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder were more likely to have mental health problems compared to parents whose children had an intellectual disability or a visual or hearing impairment. Behavioral problems of children and psychological demands of parents were common factors predicting the mental health of all parents. Parent–child dysfunctional interactions and parenting distress were associated with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Family support, having a difficult child, and parenting distress were associated with having children with an intellectual disability. It is necessary to pay attention to the parents’ mental health, provide more social and family support, and reduce parenting pressures.

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Cai, Qian, Hua Wang, Danqi Chen, Wenli Xu, Rui Yang, and Xinfen Xu. "Effect of family-centred care on parental mental health and parent–infant interactions for preterm infants: a systematic review protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 10 (October 2022): e062004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062004.

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IntroductionUnexpected premature delivery and separation from preterm infants are common problems that parents of preterm infants must handle with. Parents of preterm infants may suffer from severe psychological distress. Family-centred care (FCC) can effectively ease parents’ psychological distress and strengthen connections between parents and their preterm infants. The purpose of this systematic review will be to systematically review and evaluate the impacts of FCC interventions on the mental health of parents of preterm infants and the parent–infant relationship.Methods and analysisThis protocol for this systematic review will be conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol. We will search databases including PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus and ProQuest, CNKI, SinoMed and Wanfang Data from 1 July 2012 to 1 July 2022. An additional search of OpenGrey will be conducted to identify grey literature. Randomised controlled trials related to FCC inventions for preterm infants≤37 weeks’ gestational age and their parents will be included, and the outcome measures will be parental mental health and parent–infant interaction. Two reviewers will independently conduct title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction and study quality assessment. Risk of bias for the studies will be evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias V.2.0. Any disagreements will be solved by a third reviewer to reach a consensus. If appropriate, a meta-analysis will be conducted to assess the effect of FCC on parental mental health and parent–infant relationship.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval will not be required for this review since it will not involve the collection of primary data and will only use published literature. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal through publication or by presentation at relevant academic conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022299203.

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Koukouriki, E. "Psychological distress among greek parents of children with an autism spectrum disorder: Is there a link to anxiety symptoms in neurotypical offspring?" European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1635.

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IntroductionParents of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at higher risk of suffering from mental health problems (MHP) than parents of children with other developmental disabilities. Research on the general population documented that MHP in parents contributes as a significant risk factor for maladjustment outcomes in their offspring, while parental anxiety disorders in particular have been associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders in the offspring. However, evidence concerning possible associations between parent-offspring psychological problems in the case of ASD-families is scarce and inconsistent.This study forms a part of a larger PhD study and some preliminary findings have been partially discussed in previous work.ObjectivesTo investigate any association between anxiety symptoms in neurotypical offspring (ASD-siblings) with parental MHP.Methods118 parent-child-dyads from ASD-families that fulfilled inclusion criteria participated in this study and answered a demographic questionnaire. Parents were administered the GHQ-28, while the children answered the STAIC-A-Trait. A hierarchical multiple regression was performed to test the hypothesis.ResultsParticipating parents demonstrating poorer mental health, with 53 (44.9%) of them considered as suffering from psychological distress according to the score of GHQ-28. Furthermore, hierarchical regression showed that STAIC-(A-Trait) total score of ASD-siblings was associated with parental anxiety (std beta=0.292; p=0.29;model 1) and this association persisted after demographics entered the model (std beta=0.300; p=0.029; model 2).ConclusionsThis study shows a significant association between parental psychological distress and anxiety in the neurotypical offspring in ASD-families, highlighting the need to provide all members of ASD-families with the appropriate services.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Parent psychological distress'

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