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Bernard, Rebecca S. "Parent distress, parent behavior, and infant distress during pediatric immunizations." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2225.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 47 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-35).
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McClellan, Catherine B. "Parent-infant interactions during acute painful procedures." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2214.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 41 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-28).
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Humphry, Ruth Anne. "Colic in infancy and the mother-infant relationship /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260531955972.
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Woodhead, Judith M. "The emergence of the infant self in parent-infant psychotherapy." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496281.
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Pinsky, Karen. "An Observation of Early Parent-Infant Social Interactions in Relation to the Emergence of Joint Attention in the Natural Environment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30428/.
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Early interactions between parents and infants are thought to be critical of later development. In particular joint attention has been an area of research and investigations. This study sought to measure joint attention behaviors in infants from 5 to 33 weeks of age under naturalistic conditions: in the home with the mother as the interaction partner given no instructions. Videotapes of the infant-parent interactions were observed and data were collected on behaviors related to joint attention. Given observations occur at younger ages than other studies considered, engagement data results indicate increasing trends for 3 of the 5 infants observed while the direction of infant gaze results indicate patterns consistent with descriptions currently in the literature. Parent behavior data indicate high levels of support in engaging infant attention. Furthering an understanding of joint attention by observing at earlier ages in infant development may be useful in informing teaching programs for infants who have not developed joint attention skills.
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Cramer-Berness, Laura J. "A comparison of behavioral interventions for infant immunizations." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
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Lilley, Rhonda J. "Distress learning in premature infants : early antecedents of dysfunctional parent-infant relationships /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487676847118147.
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Morales, Yamile. "Parent-Infant Interaction in a Latino Family." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/287.
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Child maltreatment is a significant public health problem that increases when children live in homes in which intimate partner violence (IPV) is present. Child maltreatment and IPV often co-occur, and the sequelae of IPV frequently appear in both the victimized mother and her children. Home visitation programs, such as SafeCare®, are used as intervention strategies to reduce the risk of child maltreatment, but rarely are these programs adapted for Latino populations. The importance of cultural sensitivity in parenting programs has been highlighted as a means of producing successful outcomes when working with Latino families. The present single-case research design study evaluated the efficacy of SafeCare's Parent-Infant Interaction (PII) module when delivered in Spanish to a Latino mother with prior experiences of IPV. Observational data were used to document changes in parenting behaviors, while self-report measures assessed exposure to IPV and changes in mental health, parenting stress, and the risk of child maltreatment. Qualitative data provided suggestions for culturally adapting PII for Latino families. Data from this study suggest that PII improves parent-infant interactions when delivered in Spanish and reduces the risk of child maltreatment. Additionally, self-report measures indicate that IPV, parent mental health distress, and the risk of child maltreatment co-occur. This study also shares with the field the importance of providing culturally adapted programs when working with Latino families.
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Larkin, Emma. "A longitudinal study of parent-infant bonding." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396898.
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Soto-Freita, Angelica Marie. "Parent Predictors of Infant Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1628.
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The development of emotion regulation skills is an imperative task early in development. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a physiological proxy of regulation, is indicative of one’s regulatory capacity and can be predictive of behavior in later life (Graham, Ablow, & Measelle, 2010; Moore, 2010). Children begin regulating their emotions at a physiological level early in infancy. Infants who are able to properly suppress RSA have higher quality social interactions in childhood (Graziano, Keane, & Calkins, 2007). Previous work has suggested that parents play a role in predicting infant RSA (Conradt & Ablow, 2010). For example, parent marital satisfaction is known to impact infants’ physiological regulation, such that infants whose parents are less satisfied with their marriages have a decreased ability to regulate physiologically (Moore et al., 2009; Porter, Wouden-Miller, Silva, & Porter, 2003). Previous research has found that parent personality impacts parenting strategies (Cummings & Davies, 1994; Prinzie, Stams, Deković, Reijntjes, & Belsky, 2009), however work examining how parent personality interacts with marital satisfaction to predict infant RSA is lacking. Moreover, the majority of previous work assessing the parent predictors of infant RSA focused on mothers (e.g., Moore et al., 2009). There are known differences in the way mothers and fathers interact with their infants, as well as differences in the way fathers and mothers respond to marital dissatisfaction (Forbes, Cohn, Allen, & Lewinsohn, 2004; Karney & Bradbury, 1995). The present study focused on examining how marital satisfaction and parent personality predicts infant RSA with mothers and fathers. The current study involved 38 families (6-month old infants, mothers, and fathers). Parents completed questionnaires measuring marital satisfaction and personality. Mother-infant and fatherinfant dyads participated in a baseline and face-to-face play task (Still Face Paradigm; Tronick, Als, Adamson, Wise, & Brazelton, 1978), where infant physiological regulation was assessed. Results involving mothers did not yield significant findings predicting infant physiological regulation. For fathers, results indicated that parent personality and parent marital satisfaction predicted infant physiological regulation. The current study highlights the importance of examining the roles of both mothers and fathers predicting infant physiological regulation.
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Letourneau, Nicole L. "The effect of improved parent-infant interaction on infant development, pilot study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/NQ34800.pdf.
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Radnai-Griffin, Dorit. "The perception of the effects of spoiling held by mothers of infants six months and younger." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.09 Mb., 122 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435808.
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Gaskin, Emily H. "Technology Adaptations to the Parent-infant Interactions Module for Parents with Intellectual Disabilities." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/182.
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Parents with intellectual disabilities (ID) are disproportionately represented in child maltreatment (CM) statistics due to a confluence of factors. Prevention efforts should address this population by developing curricula that support various modes of learning. Technology offers a potentially effective tool because it is visual, free from extraneous factors, engaging, and self-instructional. SafeCare is an evidence-based parenting program with flexibility to adapt curricula while maintaining fidelity. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an adaptation to the SafeCare parent-infant (PII) module for parents with ID by using digital picture frames with pictures of their own PII to effect performance. A multiple-probe design across behaviors was used with one mother with ID and her infant. Results showed a significant increase in PII behaviors through two month follow-up. These data suggest the digital picture frame enhancement to the SafeCare PII module is a promising instructional tool for parents with ID.
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Grimes, Lisa K. "The Role of Parental Self-efficacy and Parental Knowledge in Parent-Infant Interactions and Infant Behavior during the Transition to Parenthood." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1339654181.
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Beam, Lauren. "Are holding patterns predictive of infant attachment classification in 12 to 18 month old infants?" Click here to access thesis, 2009. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2009/lauren_d_beam/beam_lauren_d_200905_ms.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2009."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." Directed by Janice Kennedy. ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-61) and appendices.
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Shapiro, Alyson F. "Examining relationships between the marriage, mother-father-baby interactions and infant emotion regulation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9182.
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Jones, Amanda. "The process of change in parent-infant psychotherapy." Thesis, University of East London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539315.
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Triulzi, Mary Beth. "Do the Pikler and RIE methods promote infant-parent attachment?" View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/7235.
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Cruz-Khalili, Amir A. "Factors affecting infants' choices: An examination of infant choice stability and parent expectancy effects." Scholarly Commons, 2016. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/279.
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Several researchers posit the tendency of adults and children to behave positively towards individuals similar to themselves (in-group bias) and to behave hostilely towards those dissimilar to themselves (out-group bias) is not learned, but is instead innate. Using infant-parent dyads, Mahajan and Wynn (2012) examined this question by asking infants ( n = 32), seated in their parents' lap, to choose between two foods, watch a puppet show during which two puppets verbally stated a liking or disliking of these foods, and then choose one of the puppets. They found more infants chose the puppet that “liked” the same food the infants chose. Based on these results, Mahajan and Wynn suggest this tendency is innate. However, methodological limitations including the unintentional effects of parent bias and use of a single choice-trial make this conclusion premature. The purpose of the current study was to replicate and extend the methodology of Mahajan and Wynn by addressing these limitations. Twenty-four infant-parent dyads were separated into two groups. After choosing a food and watching the puppet show, infants in Group 1 (multiple-baseline across participants design) chose a puppet 3-5 times before their parents were exposed to the parent bias measure and then chose an additional five times; parents in Group 2 (between-subjects comparison group) were exposed to the parent bias measure first, then infants chose a puppet five times. In Group 1, 7 of 12 infants (58%) selected the similar puppet on the first choice trial. In Group 2, 2 of 12 infants (17%) selected the similar puppet on the first choice trial. Repeated choice trials showed no influence of parent bias but did show patterns of side stability with 18 of 24 infants making a majority of their puppet selections on the same side.
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Weber, Ashley Marie. "The effect of parent-infant interaction on physiological outcomes during feeding in preterm infants." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1330366904.
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Taylor-Colls, S. "The effects of the early parent-infant relationship on infants' neural processing of emotion." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1575648/.
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This doctoral dissertation provides novel data on the association between the early parent-infant relationship and infants’ neurological processing of emotion in non-clinical families. This thesis examines four main contributors to the parent-infant relationship; infant temperament, parental mental health, parental sensitivity and infant attachment in relation to infants’ neurological responses to emotional faces as indexed by electroencephalography (EEG) data. All four dimensions of the parent-infant relationship are analysed in relation to infants’ Event Related Potentials (ERPs) from EEG data while viewing positive, negative and neutral emotional faces. Three infant face and emotion sensitive ERP components were identified; N290, P400 and the Negative Central (Nc). Maternal mental health, specifically anxiety and depression can be observed to relate to the processing of positive emotion for the early ‘face-sensitive’ ERP component the N290 and the ‘emotion-sensitive’ ERP component the Nc respectively. Further yet, parental behaviour, in particular sensitive caregiving, is associated with the neural processing of positive emotion at the most highly studied infant ERP component, the Nc. Infants’ neural processing of negative emotion appears sensitive to elements of infant temperament, specifically self-regulatory traits. Infants’ attachment to their primary caregiver appears unrelated to infants’ ERP responses to emotion. The results are discussed in relation to their theoretical implications for ERP and parent-infant research and the clinical implications associated with emotion processing difficulties.
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Hommel, Susanne Dorothea. "Assessing the quality of the parent-infant relationship : reliability and validity of the Parent-Infant Relational Assessment Tool (PIRAT) Global Scales." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10046177/.
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The PIRAT Global Scales (Broughton, Hommel & the Parent-Infant Project, 2016) have been manualised to provide a global assessment of the infant-parent and parent-infant relationship up to the age of 2 years. They offer a shared language and understanding among health professionals from various disciplines as to what constitutes risk and resilience. Preliminary research into inter-rater reliability showed that PIRAT Global Scales provide a reliable assessment of the overall relational quality and can be used as a screening tool to identify infants at risk (Hommel, Broughton, & Target, 2014, 2015, 2016). The study evaluates PIRAT Global Scales’ psychometric properties based on the standardised 3.5 day reliability training. Further research evaluates PIRAT Global Scales’ reliability and validity on a larger sample of mother-infant dyads. The PIRAT Global Scales reliability and validity study uses data from a Parent-Infant Psychotherapy Randomized Controlled Trial. The research establishes PIRAT Global Scales’ reliability, in particular internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. Furthermore, the study establishes PIRAT Global Scales’ validity compared to a number of widely used, well-validated measures of parent-infant interaction, such as the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS; Biringen, 2000), the Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB; Feldman, 1998) and the CARE-Index (Crittenden, 2001) and indicators of risk, such as ‘Disorganized Attachment’ (Main & Solomon, 1986, 1990), low ‘Reflective functioning on the Parent Development Interview’ (PDI-R; Slade, Aber, Berger, Bresgi, & Kaplan, 2003) and high ‘Parental Stress’ assessed by the Parenting Stress Index – Short Form (PSI-SF; Abidin, 1995). PIRAT Global Scales are shown to be reliable and valid, and therefore enable the user to set their observations within a reliable and validated assessment framework of the parent-infant relationship. Implications of the research findings for the clinical use of PIRAT Global Scales in a variety of clinical settings and for future research will be discussed.
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Gering, Jeanne. "Infant observation : the first year of life." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009451.
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This research project is about infant-observation, that is looking at, observing, and studying parent-infant interactions and relationships within the first year of life. The principle intention of the study is to illustrate and shed light upon human infant development and how the newborn becomes a fully functioning member within the family. The study provides a context in which to consider parent-infant interaction beginning in utero, expanding to the birthing process, and continuing through the infant's first year. It focuses on specific themes of parent-infant interaction. The following situations are explored: the role of the mother; the mother as a container; the infant's experience of containment; the internalisation of experience; the symbolic meaning of food; dealing with distress and the development of concrete communication; the growth of a sense of ego; and, the infant's internal world. The study concludes by addressing various implications for further psychotherapy and compares the therapist-client relationship to the mother-infant relationship. The research outlines one particular psychoanalytic theoretical orientation of mental and emotional development. It is a model derived predominantly from The Developmental School Theorists and Object Relations Theorists, namely, Bowlby, Klein, Mahler and Winnicott. This model looks at the infant's earliest relationships and the processes these set up within the infant's developing mind. Infant observation, asa research method proposed by Bick and Sidoli, links method and theory, and serves as the methodological approach utilised in the present study. A video, based on the parent-infant interaction of three families, provides observational data and may be viewed in conjunction with this research.KMBT_363
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O'Hanlon, Justin. "An exploration of parents' experiences in 'Watch, Wait and Wonder' parent-infant psychotherapy groups." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16934/.
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A body of research now exists which outlines the importance for children’s life chances of a sensitive, responsive relationship with at least one caregiver, and emphasises the necessity of supporting the emotional wellbeing of new parents in order to foster this relationship. The “1001 Critical Days” manifesto (Leadsom, Field, Burstow, & Lucas, 2013) proposes that at-risk families, or those experiencing difficulties, should be able to access evidence-based services which promote parent-infant interaction. It specifically identifies parent-infant psychotherapy as an example of such an intervention, while acknowledging that further research is needed in order to investigate its impact. In the researcher’s Local Authority, Early Years Specialist Educational Psychologists have worked together with their colleagues in the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) to implement a range of early-intervention services. Among them is an adaptation of the “Watch, Wait and Wonder” parent-infant psychotherapy programme, which was modified to be run as a group intervention in a number of Children’s Centres. The aim of this thesis was to explore the experiences of parents who have taken part in this group. Five participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Transcribed interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), and the analysis linked to relevant literature. Five superordinate themes were identified: ‘Making Sense of the Group’, ‘The Role of Others’, ‘Power and Knowledge’, ‘Ghosts in the Group’, and ‘Evolving Relationships’. Implications of the findings for stakeholders are discussed.
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Haimovici, Yasmine. "Mothers' experience of parent-infant psychotherapy : a qualitative analysis." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21261/.
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Aims: This research investigates how mothers experience parent-infant psychotherapy (PIP). The study uses a collaborative exploration of mothers' lived experience and the meaning they attach to it. The intention is to develop insights into mothers' variety of experience of PIP and how their subjectivity impacts their perception of the therapeutic process. Using their in-depth descriptions, this study develops an understanding of the themes inherent in the experience of women in motherhood. Design: This research uses phenomenology, hermeneutics and idiography as a philsosophical base, and applies interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology, drawing upon Jonathan Smith's concept of experiential qualitative research in psychology (2009). This approach was chosen in order to develop an understanding of the insider perspective by engaging directly with mothers' own descriptive accounts of PIP. Method: Seven women, aged between 27 and 43 years old, voluntarily participated in this study. The volunteers were recruited from among participants of a group of PIP course delivered by a National Health Service (NHS) clinic. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to develop an understanding of participants' lived experience and their meaning-making processes. Findings: Three master themes emerged from across the participants' accounts: (1) from a negative to a positive experience of motherhood, (2) PIP as a nurturing experience, (3) PIP as a humanising experience, and (4) PIP as a transformative experience. The findings highlight the significant change in mothers' perception of motherhood (their state of being a mother) - from a sense of inability, detachment, isolation and depression to feeling different, competent, maternal and relationally attached - which they attribute to their experience of PIP. It gave them a different vantage point from which to feel, behave, think, understand and engage with themselves and the world. Conclusion: PIP is valued by mothers as a potentially powerful therapeutic intervention and vehicle for change for themselves, their children and the generations to come. The mothers, psychotherapists, the group setting are all essential to the success of the therapeutic encounter. Mothers should be given the opportunity to access such treatment at this precious and formative time in their and their children's lives.
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Quigley, Ashley. "Infant Emotion Regulation with Mothers and Fathers: The Roles of Infant Temperament and Parent Psychopathology." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3121.
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The ability to regulate emotions is a key part of infants’ social and emotional development, but this ability may differ due to different factors internal and external to the infant. The current study examined the association between infant temperament and parent psychopathology to predict emotion regulation strategies in a sample of 4-montholds using the diathesis-stress model (Monroe & Simons, 1991). Parent-report questionnaires were used to measure infant temperament (the Infant-Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, IBQ-R; Gartstein & Rothbart, 2003) and parental psychopathology (Inventory of Depression and Anxiety, IDAS; Watson et al., 2007). Infants’ use of parent-focused, attentional distraction, and self-soothing strategies were rated during a dyadic face-to-face play task with mothers and fathers (Still-Face Paradigm, Tronick, Als, Adamson, Wise, & Brazelton, 1978) to assess emotion regulation strategy use. Multiple regression analyses revealed significant effects for mother-infant dyads that partially supports the diathesis-stress model.
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Baddock, Sally Anne, and n/a. "Bedsharing vs cot-sleeping : an investigation of the physiology and behaviour of infants in the home setting." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070205.113411.
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Bedsharing between infants and parents interacts with many factors to increase the risk of SIDS, eg maternal smoking, alcohol or drug consumption, overtiredness, excessive bedding and younger infant. However, bedsharing also encourages breastfeeding, settles babies, reduces parental tiredness and increases mother-baby interactions. We studied infants in the natural setting of their own home, in their usual situation (bedsharing or cot-sleeping) to identify risks and benefits, and to understand how bedsharing could be made safer for all infants.
Methods: Overnight home video and physiological recordings of 40 bedshare infants (5-27 weeks), were compared with 40 cot infants matched for age and study season. Video data provided a log of infant/parent sleep positions, movements and interactions. The physiological recordings measured respiratory pattern, respiratory airflow, inspired CO2, oxygen saturation (SaO2), heart rate and core, peripheral and environmental temperatures.
Results: All infants maintained normal core temperatures overnight although bedshare infants had a higher shin temperature [35.43 vs 34.60°C at 2hrs after sleep onset (difference 0.83, 95% CI: 0.18 to 1.49)]. Bedshare infants had thicker bedding (RR:2.35 (95% CI:1.76 to 3.14) and more face covered time [0.9h/night vs 0.2 (RR:5.62, 95% CI: 3.08 to 10.25)]. Awakenings in the bedshare group were more common, of shorter duration, and caused less change in infant temperatures.
Exposure to >3% CO2 occurred in 18 bedshare infants and 1 swaddled, cot-sleep infant. The maximum exposure time was the same for both groups (60mins). These levels of CO2 significantly (p<0.05) elevated breathing rate and maintained normal SaO2. Central apnoeas of 5-10 seconds resulted in drops in SaO2 <90% (BS mean 6.8/night vs cot: 3.1, p<0.001). SaO2 rarely fell below 85% and heart rate did not ever fall below 90bpm.
Bedshare infants commonly slept on their side, while cot infants slept supine. Prone sleeping was rare (BS:5 infants, 1.6-3.5h/night vs cot:2, 8.9-10.2) and for bedshare infants involved sleeping on mother�s chest. Bedshare infants woke and fed more frequently (mean wake times/night: 4.6 vs 2.5), but total sleep time was not different. Maternal checks were more frequent in the bedshare group (median:10, IQ range:7-23, max:55) than cot ( 4, 3-6, 16) and bedshare mothers frequently responded to infant initiated movements. During bedsharing baby and mother usually slept facing each other, touching, with infants at mothers� breast level. Father (or sibling) contact was rare.
Conclusions: Bedshare infants sleep in a warmer environment and experience more potentially dangerous events such as head-covering and rebreathing. However, all infants in this study maintained normal rectal temperature and SaO2 suggesting they were protected by homeostatic responses. Infant safety is also facilitated by frequent maternal checking and maternal responses to infant movements. The mother-infant proximity during bedsharing allows prompt responses, reduces time infants are upset, and minimises disruption from frequent breast feeding - aspects valued by many. It is not known if infants of smoking mothers or parents with impaired responses eg due to alcohol, respond adequately to the potentially dangerous situations identified.
Outcome: The results of this study will be used to formulate recommendations to parents for improving the safety of bedsharing.
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Brown, Amy. "Maternal control of early milk feeding : the role of attitudes, intention and experience." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43176.
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A controlling maternal feeding style can have negative consequences for child weight and eating style (Ventura & Birch, 2008). Mothers who breastfeed during the first year exert lower levels of control over child feeding (Farrow & Blissett, 2008). Explanations for this relationship speculate that experience of breastfeeding reduces control as breastfeeding requires an infant-led approach (Taveras et al. 2004) or alternatively that maternal attitudes predict both initiation of breastfeeding and later maternal control (Farrow & Blissett, 2006a). The nature of this relationship is explored in this thesis. Mothers reported their intended and actual feeding style during milk feeds when pregnant and at six months postpartum using a modified version of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (Birch, Fisher, Grimm-Thomas, Markey, Sawyer, & Johnson. 2001). Maternal use of control in the form of scheduling and encouraging milk feeds was evident. A high level of control was associated with a shorter breastfeeding duration (p < 0.001). Control beliefs were present prenatally with intended breastfeeding duration inversely associated with intended control. Furthermore, attitudes towards the infant-led nature of breastfeeding were associated with both breastfeeding duration and control. Breastfed infants need to be fed to infant demand and amount consumed is immeasurable whilst formula feeding is open to maternal manipulation. A belief that breastfeeding was inconvenient was associated with scheduling feeds whilst concerns over milk intake and low confidence were associated with encouraging feeds. Whilst scheduling feeds was a stable behaviour predictive from prenatal intention, encouraging feeds was fluid and related to maternal experience. Concerns about infant size or feeding difficulties increased use of encouraging feeds. Maternal desire for control may therefore drive breastfeeding duration, explaining the association between breastfeeding and later feeding style. The findings have important implications for breastfeeding duration, early programming of appetite and bodyweight and later maternal feeding style.
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Phillips, Raylene May. "Supporting parents in the neonatal intensive care unit." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1163.
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Fraser, Rachel Ellen. "Borderline personality organisation and the quality of parent-infant interaction." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537957.
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Hooker, Elaine. "An investigation into practices and effects of parent-infant cosleeping." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1658/.
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Sleed, M. "The assessment of relational risk in early parent-infant relationships." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1417141/.
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This thesis provided an in-depth methodological study of the assessment of risk in early parent-infant relationships via caregivers’ representations of their infant and their relationship with them. Three approaches to the assessment of relational risk were examined in detail: parent-report questionnaires, parental Reflective Functioning (RF), and a newly developed coding system for assessing risk in parents’ representations of their relationship with their infant: the Assessment of Representational Risk (ARR). The validity and reliability of these measures were investigated in high- and low-risk parent-infant samples in relation to socio-demographic factors, parental psychopathology, adult attachment, and parent-infant interactions. Parent-report methods were found to be problematic for the assessment of parent-infant relationships in clinical samples. Mothers’ ratings of their infants were strongly related to their own level of distress and unrelated to observer or clinician ratings of infant interactive behaviour. The Reflective Functioning and ARR coding systems, both of which are applied to parents’ narratives about their relationship with their babies in semi-structured interviews, provided meaningful, reliable and valid tools for assessing the quality of the parent-infant relationship in various ways. The ARR identified three typologies of parental representations of the parent-infant relationship that may impinge on the parent-infant relationship: Hostile, Helpless and Narcissistic. These representations modified the prediction of later parent-infant interaction from parental reflective functioning and adult attachment style. The Assessment of Representational Risk is an easily accessible new tool for parent-infant assessments that provided a useful adjunct to the RF coding system. The methodological, theoretical and clinical implications of the findings were discussed.
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Booth, Nicola. "Becoming a parent to an infant requiring neonatal intensive care." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6095/.
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The number of babies that require care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit continues to rise in the UK and parents who have a baby who is born sick or prematurely find themselves adapting to this stressful and often unexpected event whilst also trying to establish their role as a new parent. With no current large British studies, this study explores the experiences of both mothers and fathers in the NICU in relation to adaptation and parental role development and how their experience changes over time. In total 76 parents were interviewed using semi structured interviews 7-10 days following the birth to capture their early experiences of the NICU and then again beyond 28 days to explore any changes in their views and feelings over time. Interviews were tape recorded, transcribed verbatim into the written word and imported into WINMAX PRO. Data analysis revealed nine major sections. These are preparation prior to birth, labour and delivery, first sight of infant, support from the partner, family, friends and other parents, support from and communication with staff, adaptation to the NICU experience, development of the parental role, changes with time and the experiences of fathers. Findings show differences in what mothers and fathers find stressful about their NICU experience, how they adapt to the birth of a sick or premature infant and in their development of the parental role. With the passage of time the events surrounding the birth became less significant as parents start to look to the future. Their role as a parent continued to develop with feelings that their baby needed and recognised them, but many parents felt that they were unable to influence what happened to their baby in the NICU. Recommendations are made for further research and for changes to NICU practice.
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Wilkening, Paula L. "Parent-infant communication : a study of attitudes, perceptions, and performances /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487847309050757.
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Papaligoura, Zaira. "The effects of in-vitro fertilisation on parent-infant communication." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22541.
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Precise analytical techniques using video are effective in the evaluation of emotional processes in mother infant communication, and these methods have been successfully applied to demonstrate important effects of maternal emotional disorders, such as post-natal depression. The present thesis proposes that this approach is useful in understanding parent-infant communication when IVF is employed. Communication between parents and IVF infants appears to develop along the "normal" path. When differences were observed, these occurred in both the IVF and INF groups, which indicates that IVF as such does not, in general, affect either parents or their infants, and any effect is due to the infertility experience common to both these groups. The finding that parental 'Caretaking' in both the IVF and INF groups continues in a considerable amount even at infant's age of 21 weeks, when the mothers in the NIP group have almost abandoned this behaviour, could indicate enhanced maternal empathy as a result of the infertility experience, in agreement with Golombok et al. (1996) who found that mothers who conceived through assisted reproduction show more emotional involvement than those with a naturally conceived child. However, this maternal behaviour may not be adaptive. Infants during the first two months of life have emotional sensitivity and can express an intimate personal response. Their engagement in this early period is often interrupted by expressions of need. In the next 2 months, however, together with a decline in the mother's salience as partner for communication and an increase in interest in the surroundings and in objects, there is also a decline in expressions of need. These changes, which originate within the infant, lead the mother to adapt unconsciously. Increased caretaking by mothers in the IVF and INF groups could be viewed as an indication of maternal overprotection, possibly due to prolonged anticipation of pregnancy as a result of infertility.
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Gurko, Krista L. "Socioeconomic Status Influence on Mothers’ Interactions with Infants: Contributions to Early Infant Development." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7080.
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Children from different socioeconomic backgrounds often have different long-term outcomes in terms of school, language, and emotional wellbeing. At this time, no reasons for these differences have been agreed upon by experts across disciplines. Parents with different personal characteristics and life situations use different types and amounts of interactions with their infants. The social interactions infants experience during their first year of life provide the start of their developmental path in the areas of language and executive control while also guiding their expectations for interactions with people around them.
This study used previously unpublished data from a sample of 79 young infants, age 3 to 9 months, and their mothers. There was a set of five research questions. The first question guided exploration of how socioeconomic status (SES; represented by maternal education and family income) was associated with the parenting behaviors mothers used with their infants. The second question guided exploration of how mothers’ psychosocial resources (represented by child development knowledge and parenting stress) were associated with the parenting behaviors mothers used with their infants. The third question addressed whether associations between maternal education and parenting behavior were directly connected or if the amount of child development knowledge influenced the association. The fourth question addressed whether associations between family income and parenting behavior were directly connected or if the amount of mothers’ parenting stress influenced the association. The final question addressed whether associations between mothers’ psychosocial parenting resources and infant development were directly connected or if the associations were instead connected by mothers’ psychosocial resources.
During a single home visit with each mother and her young infant, the research visitor assessed infant development, video recorded the mother and infant playing during a free play session, and asked mothers to fill out questionnaires. Project questionnaires addressed mothers’ education and family income as well as their levels of child development knowledge and parenting stress. None of the findings directly related to the five hypotheses were statistically significant. However, follow-up analyses provided information about potential future directions for investigating the links between SES, parenting interactions, and infant competencies using smaller categories of education and income levels. These findings from follow-up questions may guide potential future directions for identifying SES and psychosocial influences on early parenting interaction behaviors and young infants’ early development.
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Bailey, Beverley. "Infant mental health and health visitors : the development of a brief parent-to-infant attachment based questionnaire." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558854.
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This thesis describes the development of a parent-to-infant attachment based questionnaire for use by health visitors as a discussion tool. An interpretive methodology was followed incorporating a sequential multi-method design. The original purpose of the study, to develop an attachment screening tool, changed due to reflexive decision making and the impact of changes in service delivery. This presented an opportunity to develop a tool that supported focused conversation between health visitors and parents about early relationships. Parallels between parent infant relationships and health visitor parent relationships were identified in four parent focus groups and four health visitor interviews. The resulting data were used to inform the development of the pilot questionnaire. Five parent-to-infant attachment relationship constructs were developed from attachment theory and current practice in infant mental health. These were combined with parent terminology preferences, and formed into a twenty-five item questionnaire. The twenty-five item questionnaire was used to collect data from twelve parents. Statistical testing on twenty-four test-retest completions of the tool resulted in a ten-item discussion tool that showed face and construct validity. Evidence of acceptability to practitioners and parents was gathered using a health visitor survey.
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Curry, Donna Miles. "The relationship among parental separation anxiety, infant temperament and parent-infant interaction during separation : a longitudinal study /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487678444257353.
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Bailes, Lauren Grace. "Longitudinal Predictors of Parental Sensitivity: The Role of Parent Personality and Infant Temperament Across Early Infancy." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2023.
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Parents play a critical role in their infants’ social and emotional development (Zeifman, 2003). High parental sensitivity contributes to greater infant attachment security (De Wolff & van IJzendoorn, 1997), as well as better compliance later in life (van Berkel et al., 2015). Personality influences how parents respond to their infants, such that parents higher in neuroticism are more controlling and less stimulating (Clark, Kochanska, & Ready, 2000), and less responsive (Kochanska, Friesenborg, Lange, & Martel, 2004). However, previous studies have found mixed results with parent extraversion. Some studies found that high parental extraversion could lead to more parent responsiveness (Clark et al., 2000), whereas others have found that these parents are more controlling (Metsepelto & Pulkkinen, 2002). The three components of infant temperament (negative reactivity, orienting, and surgency) have been found to differentially predict parenting (Bridgett et al., 2009; Rothbart & Bates, 2006; Planalp, Braungart-Rieker, Lickenbrock, & Zentall, 2013). In addition, the majority of the research examining predictors of parental sensitivity has involved predominantly mother-infant dyads; father-infant dyads are examined less often. The current study aimed to longitudinally examine how parent personality and infant temperament contribute to parental sensitivity over time in 4 (n = 49), 6 (n = 41), and 8 month old (n = 35) infants in both mothers and fathers. Parent personality and infant temperament were assessed via questionnaires filled out by each parent. Parental sensitivity was observationally coded during a dyadic, parent-infant face-to-face play task. Regression analyses revealed differential predictors of parental sensitivity for mothers and fathers and showed partial support for the goodness of fit perspective between the parent’s personality and infant’s temperament.
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Baskal, Ilona. "En systematisk litteraturstudie av vilket stöd och vilken hjälp föräldrar till barn med kolik önskar sig från BHV-sjuksköterskor." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22045.
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Spädbarnskolik är ett vanligt hälsoproblem. När ett barn lider av kolik är detta oftast påfrestande för barnets föräldrar. Dessa föräldrar upplever ofta oro, trötthet och en känsla av hjälplöshet, vilket kan påverka relationen mellan barnet och föräldrarna negativt och öka barnets skrikande. Känslor av frustration och ilska, vilka kan upplevas av trötta och stressade föräldrar, ökar risken för att föräldrar ska skaka eller ta hårt i barnet, vilket kan leda till att barn får allvarliga skador. BHV-sjuksköterskor är viktiga aktörer inom barnahälsovården och det är av stor vikt att de effektivt hjälper och stödjer föräldrar till barn med kolik. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilket stöd och vilken hjälp föräldrar till barn med kolik önskar sig från BHV-sjuksköterskor. Denna studie utfördes som en systematisk litteraturstudie. För studien valdes nio vetenskapliga artiklar ut. De utvalda artiklarna är från Sverige, Norge, USA och Sydafrika. Bland de utvalda artiklarna är sju artiklar med kvalitativ metod och två har utförts med blandad metod med kvalitativa intervjuer och deskriptiv statistik. Samtliga utvalda artiklar belyser föräldraperspektivet, med avseende på spädbarnskolik. Studiens resultat visar att förståelse och stöd från vårdpersonal har stor betydelse för föräldrar, för att de ska kunna klara av att hantera den svåra kolikperioden. Föräldrar önskar ofta att sjuksköterskor erbjuder systematisk rådgivning och systematisk uppföljning samt att barnets tillstånd undersöks noggrant. Flertalet föräldrar är även intresserade av att få information om metoder med bristande evidens. Det framgick i studien att sjuksköterskor kan misslyckas med att hjälpa familjer med kolik på grund av att sjuksköterskor kan se annorlunda på kolikproblemet än föräldrarna själva eller att föräldrar kan ifrågasätta sjuksköterskors kompetens vad gäller kolikhantering. Ett annat hinder kan vara att föräldrarnas förmåga att acceptera stöd kan vara försämrad på grund av bland annat social isolering. Resultaten av denna studie tyder även på att kolikdiagnosen kan upplevas både som positiv och negativ av föräldrar och att när spädbarnskolik ibland normaliseras av vårdpersonal kan detta upplevas som negativt av föräldrar. En viktig poäng som framgick i studien, är att föräldrar till barn med kolik har olika behov och kan uppskatta olika typer av stöd och av andra vårdinsatser. Utifrån studiens resultat är det viktigt att sjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal alltid lyssnar på föräldrar, bemöter föräldraperspektivet och anpassar alla vårdinsatser utifrån föräldrars individuella behov.
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Messmer, Rosemary Laurel. "The relationship between parent-infant bed-sharing and marital satisfaction for mothers of infants aged 6 - 12 months." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7120.
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This study examined the relationship between time spent bed-sharing and marital satisfaction for mothers of infants aged 6-12 months. The main purpose of the study was to establish whether time spent bed-sharing predicted any variance in marital satisfaction, and whether or not this depended on classification as an intentional or reactive bed-sharer. A secondary purpose was to establish whether satisfaction with bed-sharing, level of fatigue, or sexual satisfaction mediated the relationship between time spent bed-sharing and marital satisfaction. Data were obtained from surveys completed by mothers (N = 98) in committed relationships with a first-born child between the ages of 6-12 months. Time spent bed-sharing was measured by multiplying the number of hours mothers indicated they typically bed-shared in a night by the number of days they typically bed-shared in a week. Marital satisfaction was measured using the Satisfaction subscale of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976). Participants were classified as reactive bed-sharers if they indicated that they bed-shared due to infant night-time problems, such as the infant not falling asleep, and were classified as intentional bed-sharers if they indicated that their reason for bed-sharing was not in reaction to an infant night-time problem (Ramos, 2003). Regression analysis showed that time spent bed-sharing predicted a small amount of variance in marital satisfaction for the sample as a whole. Moderation analysis showed that the amount of variance predicted in marital satisfaction depended on group classification as an intentional or reactive bed-sharer. For intentional bed-sharers, time spent bed-sharing did not significantly predict marital satisfaction. For reactive bed-sharers an increase in time spent bed-sharing predicted a significant decrease in marital satisfaction. Results showed that none of the intended mediator variables were significantly correlated with time spent bed-sharing. Results support the need for further research in the area of bed-sharing and marital satisfaction, and highlight the importance of recognizing the differences between intentional and reactive bed-sharers. Health care professionals may wish to emphasize safety precautions around bed-sharing for parents who intentionally want to bed-share, and offer alternative interventions for parents who are using bed-sharing reactively as a way to deal with infant sleep problems.
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Boström, Kristina. "The cognitive and neurodevelopmental benefits of breastfeeding: : Nutrition or parent-infant interaction." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9656.
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Breastfeeding is encouraged exclusively until the infant is 6 months and then continuing up until the age of two years and further, as a supplement to solid food. Few infants get this opportunity even though positive effects have been seen. In recent days brain imaging techniques has begun to study the differences in brain development between breastfed and formula fed infants. In this essay methods for assessing the cognitive and neurodevelopmental aspect of breastfeeding aspects will be reviewed. The results found in this review suggest that breastfeeding has a benefit in the development of the brain and in addition a beneficial impact on the parents. This can be seen in faster development of crucial brain areas, better cognitive functions and better maternal sensitivity which in turn relates to a child’s better adjustment. However, it is not clear how these benefits develop, if it is due to breastfeeding or parental characteristics related to breastfeeding.
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Africa, Rionell Janine. "Social work intervention with parents of a premature infant." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50094.
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Thesis (MSocialWork)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research originated from the researcher's interest in the effect of high-risk pregnancy, premature birth and infancy on the emotional well-being of parents. The research undertaken particularly focused on exploring the psychosocial experiences of parents with a premature infant. The study aimed at investigating various social work intervention strategies that can be applied to address the problematic factors parents with a premature infant are confronted with. The purpose of this research is to provide a theoretical knowledge basis, in order to set guidelines for social work intervention, to ensure effective service rendering to parents with premature infants. The research report includes a review of the literature discussing premature labour and birth, the premature infant and the psychosocial experiences of parents. Social work in health care, kangaroo care, crisis intervention, family therapy and grief counselling are also discussed to create a theoretical knowledge basis in order to serve as a guideline for social workers, to ensure effective and efficient social work service rendering to parents with a premature infant. The empirical research involved the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the psychosocial experiences of parents and the effectiveness of social work intervention. The population admitted in the Military hospital during the period 2001 to 2003 consisted of +- 60 cases. To enable the researcher to conduct the research study 50% of the overall population was used which resulted in a sample of 20 respondents consulted in the period 2002 to 2003. The respondents were invited to a group meeting where questionnaires, which included open-ended and closed questions, were used to collect the data. The results obtained were analyzed and compared to relevant literature in order to assess the reliability of the research. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were offered from the findings of the study. The fmdings of this study serve as a guideline for professionals, specifically social workers in the medical setting, to be able to render an effective service to parents with a premature infant.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die oorsprong van hierdie navorsing het ontstaan na aanleiding van die navorser se belangstelling rakende die effek wat hoë-risiko swangerskap, premature kraam en die premature baba op die emosionele welstand van die ouer het. Die navorsingsondersoek fokus spesifiek daarop om die psigo-sosiale ondervindinge van ouers te verken. Die studie poog ook daarin om verskeie maatskaplike intervensiestrategieë te ondersoek wat aangewend kan word om die problematiese faktore waarmee ouers gekonfronteer word aan te spreek. Die doel van die navorsing is om 'n teoretiese kennisbasis daar te stel wat as riglyne benut kan word vir die implementering van maatskaplikewerk-intervensie ten einde 'n effektiewe diens aan ouers met premature babas te kan lewer. Die navorsingsverslag bied 'n oorsig van die literatuur waarin premature kraam, die premature baba en die psigo-sosiale ondervindinge van ouers in diepte bespreek word. Verskeie maatskaplike intervensiestrategieë word ook bespreek met verwysing na maatskaplike werk in die gesondheidsektor, kangaroosorg, krisisingryping, gesinsterapie en rouberading. Die empiriese studie sluit in die benutting van beide die kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes ten einde die psigososiale ondervindings van ouers met premature babas te verken asook die effektiwiteit van maatskaplikewerk-intervensie te ondersoek. Die totaal ouers met premature babas opgeneem in die Militêre hospitaal vir die tydperk 2001 tot 2003 het +- 60 gevalle beloop. Ten einde dit dus vir die navorser moontlik te maak om die navorsingstudie te kan onderneem is 50% van die populasie betrek in die navorsingstudie waaruit 'n steekproef van 20 respondente saamgestel is met wie gekonsulteer is in die periode 2002 tot 2003. Die respondente is genooi na 'n groepvergadering waartydens vraelyste uitgedeel is om data te bekom. Oop en geslote vrae is ingesluit in die vraelyste. Die resultate en bevindinge verkry is geanaliseer en vergelyk met die literatuur om die betroubaarheid van die navorsing te toets. Gevolgtrekkinge is gemaak en aanbevelings daarop gebaseer is na aanleiding van die bevindinge van die studie aangebied. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie kan aangewend word as 'n riglyn vir professionele persone met spesifieke verwysing na maatskaplike werkers in die gesondheid sektor, om 'n effektiewe diens te kan lewer aan ouers met premature babas.
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Mammen, Sanjana S. "Examining the Impact of the SafeCare Parent-Infant Interaction Module on the Quantity and Content of Maternal-Infant Directed Utterances." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/233.
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Abstract
Sanjana S. Mammen
Examining the SafeCare Parent-Infant Interaction Module’s Impact on the Quantity and Content of Maternal-Infant Directed Utterances
(Under the direction of Shannon Self Brown, PhD)
Positive parenting skills reduce risk for child maltreatment. The Parent-Infant Interaction (PII) module of SafeCare was designed to promote positive parent-child relationships; however, little research has examined its impact on parent-infant utterances. Past research has indicated that a rich parent-child language environment predicts literacy skills and academic achievement, so the present research studies how PII impacts positive maternal infant-directed utterances. Three dyads with various risk levels with infants aged younger than 9-months were offered PII training and a short video modeling positive parent-infant communication. Multiple-probe, single-case experimental design yielded data with several positive trends for maternal-infant utterances, but findings were inconsistent during all conditions. Conversely, following the video, improved utterances were demonstrated consistently across all activities and dyads. These pilot data render several future studies relevant to further our understanding of PII’s impact on maternal-infant communication broadly, including more rigorous research designs and measures to further study this important outcome.
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Lawhon, Gretchen. "Facilitation of parenting within the newborn intensive care unit /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7195.
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Tiedemann, Georgia Louise. "The development and promotion of sharing between siblings : effects of parent behavior." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31307.
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Toy sharing and sibling interaction are major contexts for young children's developing social skills. This study examined the effects of parenting on sharing between siblings, and the effectiveness of a 5-session parenting programme in promoting sharing.
Forty-eight mothers with two preschoolers participated. Each family was assessed before and after the parenting programme and at a 6-week follow-up. The mother completed measures of her parenting approach and reported on her children's behavior. The children were interviewed to obtain cognitive measures. Interactions of the mother and two children were observed in a laboratory playroom. Fathers and preschool teachers also reported on the children's behavior.
Two parts of the study used data collected at the first assessment. First, multivariate analyses showed significant correlations between mother behaviors and those of the children, and between the two children. Second, the immediate effects of parenting on children's sharing were explored by manipulating the mother's activities. Children exhibited more appropriate sharing when the mother was free to interact with them than when she was busy with paperwork.
The third part of the study examined the effects of two formats of a parent-training programme on sibling sharing. Families were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: individual programme, group programme, or waiting-list control. The programme provided parents with information about the development of sharing and sibling relationships and taught behavioral parenting techniques to use in promoting the development of child sharing skills.
Positive effects of the sharing programme on siblings' sharing-related behavior were clearly demonstrated. These effects were seen to generalize across informants and across behaviors, but not across informants and behaviors combined. Treatment effects were maintained over a follow-up period. Although mothers demonstrated increased knowledge of the content covered by the programme and rated it highly, they did not demonstrate or report significant changes in their own parenting approach on the original measures.
Mixed results were obtained concerning the two treatment formats. For observations of child behavior, only the individual format showed superiority over the control condition. The two formats did not differ in treatment effects found on most questionnaire measures. Mothers' reports of decreased behavior problems among younger children and a few tentative findings from child interview measures suggested superiority of the group format.
Overall, this study demonstrated both strong relationships between the sharing-related behavior of children, and correlational and causal relationships between mother behavior and sibling sharing. A parent-training intervention was demonstrated to have positive effects on children's sharing behaviors, and these effects generalized over situations, behaviors and time.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Ting, Yan-yan, and 丁茵茵. "Paternal depression and anxiety: risk factorsand adverse impact on infant temperament and development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49618234.
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Transition to parenthood is a major life event that affects both fathers and mothers. Being a potentially stressful period, it can predispose vulnerable individuals to mental health problems. Compared with maternal studies, there is a dearth of longitudinal research on the psychological impact of transition to fatherhood, particularly with anxiety problems. There are emerging studies demonstrating the adverse consequences of paternal postpartum depression on infant outcomes. It is important to investigate paternal postpartum depression and anxiety and address their relationships with poor infant outcomes which will contribute to the recognition of the problems and the development of early intervention. The current study aimed to contribute to greater knowledge on risk factors of paternal postpartum mental health problems, and their adverse impact on infants, as well as understanding the possible mediating mechanisms underlying such a relationship.
A total of 654 couples completed self-report questionnaires at third trimester of pregnancy using validated self-report psychological instruments to evaluate fathers' prenatal mental health. Among them, 255 couples were examined longitudinally at six week postpartum for depression and anxiety symptoms, and fathers were also assessed for marital satisfaction, self-esteem, social support, and postpartum attachment with infants. At six months postpartum, 121couples were again surveyed to assess their infants’ temperament and development.
According to established cut-offs, 12.0% and 13.1% of fathers experienced significant postpartum depression and anxiety. No demographic risk factors were found for postpartum depression or anxiety. Multiple regression analyses indicated that low martial satisfaction, low self-esteem, fathers having prenatal anxiety and depression, partners having postpartum depression predicted fathers’ postpartum depression. Low marital satisfaction, low self-esteem, poor social support and fathers having prenatal anxiety were significant risk factors for fathers’ postpartum anxiety. Depressed and anxious fathers reported having less patience and tolerance, pleasure in interaction, and affection and pride with their infants. Paternal postpartum depression was related to reduced infants’ falling reactivity, and poor social and total development in infants; while postpartum anxiety was associated with heightened infants’ distress to limitations, reduced failing reactivity and greater sadness. Baron and Kenny’s criteria was used to investigate whether poor paternal attachment with infants mediated these relationships. Pleasure in interaction partially mediated the relationship between paternal postpartum depression and social as well as total development in infants, whereas affection and pride mediated between fathers' postpartum depression and infants' falling reactivity as well as social development. Affection and pride also served as a partial mediator between fathers' postpartum anxiety and infants’ failing reactivity.
Findings revealed that paternal postpartum depression and anxiety are significant mental health problems. Low marital satisfaction, low self-esteem, poor social support, prenatal depression and anxiety, and partners' postpartum depression could contribute to these problems. Postpartum depression and anxiety could reduce fathers' attachment with infants, which adversely impacted infants' temperament and development. The current study also addressed that risk factors for paternal postpartum depression and anxiety were different, and they had distinctive environmental pathways affecting infant outcomes. This provides significant implications for designing timely and effective interventions to improve fathers' well-being and proper father-infant interaction.
(499published_or_final_version
Psychiatry
Master
Master of Philosophy
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O'Brien, Shannon. "The psychological impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) : a review of the literature." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50173.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: his review examines the literature on the psychological impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on the mother, infant, support personnel and other caretakers. The paper summarizes the findings of the KMC research and considers the implications of it in light of high numbers of premature and low birth weight infants in South Africa. The review briefly considers theories of bonding and attachment adopted in the research and theories on why KMC is effective. The psychological impact of one component of KMC, Skin-to-Skin Care (SSC), used primarily in developed countries to supplement traditional care, has been extensively researched. In contrast, much less research has explored the psychological impact of full KMC programmes in developing countries. Our understanding of the psychological impact of KMC therefore relies predominantly on research from a very different context to the one in which KMC is used. As SSC has been utilised very differently to KMC and in first world settings, it cannot offer mothers or their family reliable information on the psychological demands and benefits ofKMC. Findings: Although KMC appears to offer invaluable physiological benefits and assists in 'humanising' neonatal care in important ways, there is currently very little published research on the short or long-term psychological impact of KMC on the mother, infant, support personnel and other caretakers. On the whole, research findings on the psychological impact of KMC were not conclusive but indicate some positive outcomes for increased maternal sensitivity and confidence, developmental benefits for the infant and an improvement in the clarity of infants' cues and communication with caregiver. Findings on the psychological impact of KMC for support personnel and other caretakers such as the family of the infant are also not conclusive and indicate that more research is necessary. Further research is required regarding cross-cultural experiences of KMC; maternal experiences of depression, anxiety and ambivalence; long-term developmental and attachment outcomes for the infant and the possible preventative value of KMC for maternal and infant mental health.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie hersiening ondersoek die literatuur aangaande die sielkundige uitwerking van Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) op die ma, suigeling, ondersteunende personeel en ander opsigters. Die artikel is 'n opsomming van die uitspraak van KMC navorsing en oorweeg die gevolgtrekkings daarvan ten opsigte van die hoe getal vroeggebore en lae ligaamsgewig van suigelinge wat in Suid-Afrika gebore is. Die hersiening kyk kortliks na die teorie verbonde aan die binding en gehegtheid van die navorsing en teorie oor hoekom KMC doeltreffend is. Die sielkundige uitwerking van een onderdeel van KMC, Skin-to-Skin Care (SSC), wat meestal in gevorderde lande gebruik word om tradisionele versorg te verryk, is deeglik ondersoek. Inteendeel is ver minder navorsing op die sielkundige uitwerking van volle KMC programme in ontwikellende lande gedoen. Dus is ons begrip van die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC afhanklik op navorsing vanuit 'n ander konteks as die een waarin die eintlik gebruik is. SSC word baie anders benut as KMC, en in eerstewereldkontekste kan dit dus nie veel betroubare inligting op die sielkundige vereistes en voordele van KMC verskaf nie. Bevindings: Al kom dit voor dat KMC waardevolle sielkundige voordele verskaf en help in geboorte nasorg op belangrike maniere, is daar huidiglik baie min navorsing op druk oor die kort- of die langtermyn sielkundige uitwerking van KMC op die ma, suigeling, ondersteunende personeel en ander oppassers. In die algemeen, is die bevindings van navorsing oor die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC nie volkome nie, maar dui positiewe uitslae aan op verhoogde moederlike gevoelens en selfvertroue. Navorsing dui ook ontwikkelingsvoordele vir die suigeling, asook die bevordering van die duidelikheid van sy kommunikasie met die oppasser. Bevindings op die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC op die ondersteunende personeel en ander oppassers, byvoorbeeld familielede van die suigeling, is ook nie volkome nie, en dui die nodigheid van verdere navorsing aan. Verdere navorsing oor die kruiskulturele ervaring van KMC, moederlike ondervinding van moedeloosheid, angs en dubbelsinnigheid is benodig. Langtermyn ontwikkeling en gehegtigheidsake vir die suigeling en die moontlike voorkomende waarde van KMC vir moederlike en suigeling se geestelike gesondheid is ook wel benodig.
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Monte, Erica D. "Sex-role Stereotypes: How Far Have We Come?" PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4945.
Full textAbstract:
Parents are the first source of a child's learning of her or his gender. In fact, sex-role stereotyping of infants by parents may occur within the first 24 hours of birth. This study examined the nature of parental stereotyping on the basis of their infant's sex by obtaining parents' descriptions of their newborn and toy and clothing preferences for their newborn. In 1974, Rubin found that parents responded stereotypically to their infants on the basis of sex. Following Rubin's interview approach, 50 parent pairs from two urban hospitals were asked to participate in a parent-infant study and were subsequently interviewed 24 hours postpartum. Parents were asked open-ended descriptive questions about their newborn, given a semantic differential scale of 18 bi-polar objectives, asked about the importance of others recognizing their baby's sex, and asked a set of questions relating to the preference of clothing and toy choices for their newborn. Findings suggest that parents do stereotype their infants on the basis of biological sex. Sons were more likely to be described as strong, perfect, big or big-featured and energetic,--while daughters received more descriptions that mentioned their eyes, skin, or facial features and were also more likely to be described as small, tiny, or weak. Parents of boys were also more likely to state a preference for gender-specific toys and clothing. Infant sex did not make a notable difference on the importance that parents attributed to others recognizing their baby's sex. Fathers were more likely to perceive and describe their daughters more stereotypically than were mothers of either daughters or sons. Further studies to investigate gender stereotyping and its consequences as well as the interplay between the macro and micro levels of gender relations in society are suggested.
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Smith, Megan O. "A Proposal for Enhancing and Measuring Infant-Directed Maternal Utterances and Incidental Teaching within the SafeCare® Parent-Infant Interaction Module." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/157.
Full textAbstract:
Child maltreatment is a serious and pervasive public health problem in the United States. In 2008, there were 772,000 children who were substantiated victims of maltreatment and 1,740 children died as a result of maltreatment. Approximately 33 percent of maltreatment victims were under the age of four. Among numerous other negative sequelae, children who have been maltreated have an elevated incidence of language delay and poor cognitive functioning, both strong predictors of literacy skills and later academic achievement. Further, maternal language input is critical to a child’s cognitive development and language acquisition. Maltreating mothers provide their children with far less verbal stimulation and are less likely to engage their children in learning opportunities. Home visiting programs are effective means of preventing child maltreatment or further maltreatment by parents and may be better utilized to improve language of children. SafeCare® represents one such program. It is an evidence-based program for the treatment and prevention of child maltreatment, consisting of four modules: Parent- Infant Interaction (PII), Parent-Child Interaction (PCI), Health and Safety. The purpose of the proposed research is to determine whether PII or a language-enhanced version of the module is effective in increasing the number of maternal utterances with her infant and the frequency of incidental teaching. The enhanced PII segment was created, not only to be an effective tool for promoting language, but also to be succinct enough to imbed into the extant protocols so as not to add a cumbersome burden to SafeCare home visitors or parents participating in the program.