Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Parent and infant Psychological aspects'
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1
Thiessen, Janice G. "A phenomenological study of parents’ experience following stillbirth or early infant death." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24424.
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This study was designed to discover parents' experience following a stillbirth or early infant death. The conceptualization of the research problem was based on Kleinman's (1978) cultural system model which directed the researcher to elicit directly from clients their explanatory models, or their way of viewing the experience.
The specific research questions were (1) How do couples perceive and interpret their experience following stillbirth or early infant death? and (2) How do couples view the social support they have received at the time of their infant's death?
Six couples, who were recruited primarily from bereavement support groups, participated in the study. Each couple had experienced a stillbirth or early infant death between four months and four years prior to the study. Data were collected from the subjects with the use of unstructured interviews, allowing the experiences to unfold as they were perceived by the participants.
Four main themes that evolved from the data were (1) anticipation of parenthood and the shattering of hopes with the death or knowledge of impending death of the infant; (2) a multidimensional personal grief experience; (3) an interpersonal grief exerience influenced by the social support of health care professionals, of friends and family and of the spouse; and (4) reflection and search for meaning in the experience.
The discovery of couples' perceptions of their bereavement experience and their view of the support received will assist in enhancing the ability to provide more effective nursing care to bereaved families. Implications for nursing practice, research and education are delineated.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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Brasher, Kathleen C. (Kathleen Carmel) 1960. "Parents, infants and apnoea : an examination of life after an ALTE." Monash University, Dept. of Paediatrics, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9317.
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Silva, Maria Sandra Montenegro. "As representações sociais sobre a figura paterna : um estudo com crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco e de vulnerabilidade social." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=637.
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Este trabalho de pesquisa teve o objetivo de investigar as representações sociais sobre a figura paterna no discurso de crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco e de vulnerabilidade social. Os atores da pesquisa fazem parte de uma escola pública, situada na cidade de Nazaré da Mata (PE). Os participantes deste trabalho possuem pai, mãe e irmãos, todavia fazem parte de um segmento social onde as condições de vida econômica e afetiva são difíceis. Foram entrevistadas vinte crianças e adolescentes, na faixa etária entre dez e dezessete anos. O que nos impulsionou a investigar a figura paterna, a partir da fala de crianças e adolescentes, tem sido a crescente idéia em livros e nos meios de comunicação, que o pai está tentando participar mais da vida dos filhos. Nossa pesquisa aponta que isto ainda está em processo e não se estende a todas as famílias. O que temos constatado é uma cobrança na modificação do papel da figura paterna na contemporaneidade. A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo-interpretativa. Apresenta através das representações sociais das crianças e adolescentes um pai idealizado, mas não impossível de ser exercitado, desde que seja melhorada a qualidade de suas relações com os filhos e com a família de modo geral. As considerações finais mostram uma acentuada vulnerabilidade nos vínculos afetivos; também conseguimos identificar agressões silenciosas, sutis, disfarçadas de sentimentos diversos entre pais e filhosThis research aimed to investigate the social representations on the paterne figure in the speech some children and adolescents at risk and social vulnerability. In search of actors are part of a public school, have father, mother and brothers, but they are part of a segment where the conditions of life its very difficult. What drove us to investigate the paternal figure was the ideas in the books and in the media which the father is trying to participate more the lives of the children. Our research indicates this is a behavior still in process and does not extend to all families. The research was qualitative-interpretative stamp, introduced in the social representations of children and adolescents and idealized father, but not impossible to be exercised by improving the quality of their relationships with their children and the family in general. The findings which partial, show a marked vulnerability to affective ties, they also managed to identify attacks silent, subtle, disguised in various feelings between parents and children
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Jacobson, Judy Rick. "Psychological and social effects of infant heart transplant on families." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/501.
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Jump, Vonda K. "Effects of Infant Massage on Aspects of the Parent-Child RElationship: An Experimental Manipulation." DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2547.
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Benefits of attachment security have been demonstrated in the realm of socioemotional development. Studies have investigated some of the antecedents associated with the development of secure attachments. This study looked uniquely at the impact of touch, and more specifically, infant massage, on the development of attachment security in infants
Fifty-seven mother-infant dyads were randomly assigned to either a treatment or control group. Infants were less than 8 months of age at the time of recruitment. The treatment group received training in infant massage as well as education about infant development. The control group received similar education about infant development. Mothers completed a set of questionnaires prior to the intervention and when their infants were 12 months old. In addition, attachment security was assessed using the Attachment Q-set at the 12-month followup.
Comparisons indicated that mothers who massaged their 12-month-old infants more than one time per week had infants who were statistically significantly more securely attached than infants of mothers who massaged their infants less than once per week, and were more securely attached than infants in the control group. Underlying mechanisms of change were not detected through the questionnaires used in this study.
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Cox, Leigh. "The experiences of first-time mothers with colic infants / Leigh Cox." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/723.
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The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the experiences of first-time mothers with
colic infants. Based on the results, implications for clinical practice are described for the clinical
psychologist with regards to providing psychological support for these mothers. The research
design is qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual. Data was collected by means of in-depth,
semi-structured, phenomenological interviews and a descriptive analysis was done. The
results show that the real versus the imagined experience of having a baby does not meet
mothers' expectations. Furthermore, a colic baby elicits numerous anxieties including anxiety
about the baby being damaged/ill, the feeding and leaving the baby in the care of others.
Mothers battle with feelings of failure, which may be compounded by a stressful labour/delivery.
Multiple attempts to soothe the baby or find an effective treatment result in feelings of
helplessness and inadequacy. In turn, hopelessness and depression result. Mothers also
perceive others' making judgments about their ability as a mother, while anxiety about failure
undermines their capacity to accept support. Furthermore, mothers require affirmation from their
baby. Their continued search for a cure offers hope that understanding and control can be
gained. However, conflicting information and advice leave them feeling anxious and
overwhelmed. Moreover, mothers feel disillusioned with medical personnel and the profession.
Both medical and psychological factors are perceived as possible causes of, or contributing
factors to, colic, and mothers experience guilt that stressors during their pregnancy may have
contributed to their babies' being colicky. In addition, colic is seen as a punishment for perceived
wrongdoings during pregnancy. Given the above, mothers need a containing figure, a function
fulfilled by some husbands. If their own mothers are unavailable to contain their anxieties,
substitute figures are found. In addition, practical support is experienced as helpful. Regarding
maternal grandmothers, mothers identify with them, resulting in a new understanding of them
and of the mother-daughter relationship. They also draw on their mothers' perception of their
childhood experiences as positive or negative role models of parenting. Mothers feel ambivalent
regarding the baby. They exhibit empathy although they perceive the baby as demanding,
intrinsically difficult or rejecting. Consequently, mothers experience feelings of rage, resulting in
fears of losing control and harming or abandoning the baby. These negative feelings are
perceived as impacting on empathy for and bonding with the baby and result in feelings of
shame and guilt. A colic baby is a source of stress in the couple's relationship, resulting in
strained marital relations. Lastly, mothers renegotiate their identity as women and mothers.
Several psychological defence mechanisms are used as a means of resolving emotional conflict
and anxiety, and maintaining self-esteem. Clinical implications include adopting parent-infant
psychotherapy as a framework for providing psychological support for these mothers. The study
concludes that the colic period is stressful, places strain on the marital relationship and may
pose a risk to the parent-infant relationship and child development. Lastly, psychological based
interventions should be included as a resource for these mothers.Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
7
Allan, Catherine Louise 1958. "MATERNAL ATTITUDES ABOUT PROVIDING BREAST MILK FOR THE INTENSIVE CARE INFANT." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276377.
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Sites, Teresa L. "The origins of explanatory style : closeness to parent or negative life events." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/544144.
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The Reformulated theory of learned helplessness emphasizes maladaptive explanatory style and its influence on depression, achievement, health, and coping. Individuals who habitually explain unpleasant/uncontrollable events by internal, stable and global causes (and good events by external, unstable, specific causes) are said to have a maladaptive explanatory style. Researchers speculate that negative life events (such as parental divorce or death) contribute to the development of this style. Researchers have sought to explain adjustment-related difficulties by focusing on traumatic life events, such as divorce or death of a parent and their adverse effects on childhood development.Literature concerning the correlates of father absence, divorce, parental death, attachment and stressful life events shows that closeness to parents can mediate the impact of these events on adjustment and development. The mediating effects of closeness to parent may explain why not all children who experience these events actually develop maladaptive explanatory styles.This investigation examined the relations between Negative Life Events, Closeness to Parent and Explanatory Style. By looking at these relations, we can determine which variable is more influential in developing the maladaptive style. It was expected that Closeness to Parent would be a better predictor of explanatory style than Negative Life Events.Participants were 86 college students who completed a questionnaire that assessed explanatory style, closeness to parent, negative life events, and level of depression. Multiple regression was used to determine the significant predictors of explanatory style and depression. Results showed that none of the variables were significant predictors of explanatory style. Recent life events, closeness to mother and explanatory style were significant predictors of depression. Discriminant analysis was used to determine whether participants whose parents were divorced could be differentiated from those whose parent's marriage was intact using explanatory style, closeness to parent and depression as predictors. Results showed no significant differences between these groups. Sample group means for depression and life events were higher than those from normative studies for the Beck Depression Inventory and the Life Experience Survey.As the literature showed, closeness to parent and negative life events should account for some of the variance in the maladaptive style. The absence of these relations may be attributed to theoretical and methodological issues concerning closeness to parent and explanatory style.However, since this sample had high levels of depression and life stress, theoretically these relations should have been found. This points to the importance of the problems discussed.Prospective longitudinal studies, although costly and time consuming may be useful in determining the antecedents of a maladaptive explanatory style.Department of Psychological Science
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O'Brien, Shannon. "The psychological impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) : a review of the literature." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50173.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: his review examines the literature on the psychological impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on the mother, infant, support personnel and other caretakers. The paper summarizes the findings of the KMC research and considers the implications of it in light of high numbers of premature and low birth weight infants in South Africa. The review briefly considers theories of bonding and attachment adopted in the research and theories on why KMC is effective. The psychological impact of one component of KMC, Skin-to-Skin Care (SSC), used primarily in developed countries to supplement traditional care, has been extensively researched. In contrast, much less research has explored the psychological impact of full KMC programmes in developing countries. Our understanding of the psychological impact of KMC therefore relies predominantly on research from a very different context to the one in which KMC is used. As SSC has been utilised very differently to KMC and in first world settings, it cannot offer mothers or their family reliable information on the psychological demands and benefits ofKMC. Findings: Although KMC appears to offer invaluable physiological benefits and assists in 'humanising' neonatal care in important ways, there is currently very little published research on the short or long-term psychological impact of KMC on the mother, infant, support personnel and other caretakers. On the whole, research findings on the psychological impact of KMC were not conclusive but indicate some positive outcomes for increased maternal sensitivity and confidence, developmental benefits for the infant and an improvement in the clarity of infants' cues and communication with caregiver. Findings on the psychological impact of KMC for support personnel and other caretakers such as the family of the infant are also not conclusive and indicate that more research is necessary. Further research is required regarding cross-cultural experiences of KMC; maternal experiences of depression, anxiety and ambivalence; long-term developmental and attachment outcomes for the infant and the possible preventative value of KMC for maternal and infant mental health.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie hersiening ondersoek die literatuur aangaande die sielkundige uitwerking van Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) op die ma, suigeling, ondersteunende personeel en ander opsigters. Die artikel is 'n opsomming van die uitspraak van KMC navorsing en oorweeg die gevolgtrekkings daarvan ten opsigte van die hoe getal vroeggebore en lae ligaamsgewig van suigelinge wat in Suid-Afrika gebore is. Die hersiening kyk kortliks na die teorie verbonde aan die binding en gehegtheid van die navorsing en teorie oor hoekom KMC doeltreffend is. Die sielkundige uitwerking van een onderdeel van KMC, Skin-to-Skin Care (SSC), wat meestal in gevorderde lande gebruik word om tradisionele versorg te verryk, is deeglik ondersoek. Inteendeel is ver minder navorsing op die sielkundige uitwerking van volle KMC programme in ontwikellende lande gedoen. Dus is ons begrip van die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC afhanklik op navorsing vanuit 'n ander konteks as die een waarin die eintlik gebruik is. SSC word baie anders benut as KMC, en in eerstewereldkontekste kan dit dus nie veel betroubare inligting op die sielkundige vereistes en voordele van KMC verskaf nie. Bevindings: Al kom dit voor dat KMC waardevolle sielkundige voordele verskaf en help in geboorte nasorg op belangrike maniere, is daar huidiglik baie min navorsing op druk oor die kort- of die langtermyn sielkundige uitwerking van KMC op die ma, suigeling, ondersteunende personeel en ander oppassers. In die algemeen, is die bevindings van navorsing oor die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC nie volkome nie, maar dui positiewe uitslae aan op verhoogde moederlike gevoelens en selfvertroue. Navorsing dui ook ontwikkelingsvoordele vir die suigeling, asook die bevordering van die duidelikheid van sy kommunikasie met die oppasser. Bevindings op die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC op die ondersteunende personeel en ander oppassers, byvoorbeeld familielede van die suigeling, is ook nie volkome nie, en dui die nodigheid van verdere navorsing aan. Verdere navorsing oor die kruiskulturele ervaring van KMC, moederlike ondervinding van moedeloosheid, angs en dubbelsinnigheid is benodig. Langtermyn ontwikkeling en gehegtigheidsake vir die suigeling en die moontlike voorkomende waarde van KMC vir moederlike en suigeling se geestelike gesondheid is ook wel benodig.
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Tsai, Shiow Meei. "Assessing the Relationship Between Transition to Motherhood, Early Mother-Infant Interaction, Stress, and Social Support Among Taiwanese First-Time Mothers." Diss., University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22072.
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Transition to motherhood is referred to as change in the new role and relationship during women's developmental stages. Difficult transitions may cause problems in the mother-infant relationship and influence the acceptance of this role. The purpose of this study was to investigate transition to motherhood as it relates to early mother infant interaction, stress and social support of first time Taiwanese mothers, and to determine other maternal characteristics related to transition to motherhood. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 63 first-time postpartum mothers between ages of 18 to 35 who intended to breastfeed their infants. The subjects were recruited from a maternity unit of one medical center in south of Taiwan between year 2004 to year 2005. Four major instruments were used to collect the data: Revised What Being the Parent of a Baby is like Questionnaire, The Nursing Child Assessment Scale, The Perceived Stress Scale and The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List.
The first administration of all questionnaires was conducted and the feeding interaction was observed and scored on the postpartum day during hospitalization (Time 1). After observation, immediate feedback regarding their feeding interaction including positive feedback and suggestions were given to all participants by the investigator. The second administration of all questionnaires was conducted at 4 weeks postpartum (Time 2). The last administration of all questionnaires was mailed to participants at 4 months postpartum (Time3). T-test, analysis of variance, Pearson Correlation and stepwise multiple regression were utilized to analyze the data.
Findings indicate that first- time mothers with lower perceived stress and longer breastfeeding had an easier transition process to motherhood. During this transition, social support mediates the effect of perceived stress. The data fit the model and explained 42 % of the variance in transition to motherhood. Up to 29 % of variance was explained by perceived stress and of 13 %was explained by the length ofbreastfeeding. The study provides a knowledge base for further research on transition to motherhood and designing advanced educational program for new parents and clinical practice is required.
Key words: transition, motherhood, mother-infant interaction, stress, social support.
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Flanders, Lisa S. "Nutritional knowledge and infant feeding decisions of pregnant women." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115735.
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The aim of this research was to examine differences in general nutrition knowledge and prenatal sources of infant feeding information among women planning to feed breast milk, breast-milk substitutes, or a combination of breast milk and breast-milk substitutes. Subjects completed a demographic survey, a test of nutrition knowledge, and a questionnaire on sources of infant feeding information. There were no statistical differences in age, education, and nutrition knowledge scores among women in the three groups. A significant relationship was observed between education and nutrition knowledge; women who had attended college courses scored higher.003) on the nutrition knowledge test than those who had not attended. Health care providers (82%) and reading materials (82%) were the most frequently cited sources of infant feeding information. While general nutrition knowledge appears to be positively related to education, it does not appear to influence the infant feeding decision.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Vasconcellos, Sarah Camello. "Onde está minha moldura?: reflexões winncottianas sobre a tendência antissocial em crianças." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=457.
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Esta Dissertação de Mestrado consiste num estudo qualitativo, de natureza clínicointerpretativa,
realizado a partir de uma posição hermenêutica de investigação, cujo objetivo geral foi analisar a demanda de crianças que desenvolvem tendências antissociais no seu
processo de estruturação psíquica. Para tanto, de forma mais específica, foi discutido o papel da estrutura familiar, as especificidades dos diferentes tipos de manifestação da tendência e a função de instituições no processo de intervenção junto a crianças que praticam atos
antissociais. A metodologia adotada foi o procedimento de desenhos-estória, composto de cinco sessões de produção de desenho livre, contação de estória, inquérito e atribuição de
título, realizado por sete crianças com idades entre seis e onze anos, todas apresentando estrutura familiar preservada, sem vivência de rua e assistidas pelo Centro de
Desenvolvimento Integral da Amizade (CDI), obra social sem fins lucrativos, situada no bairro de Santo Amaro, em Recife-PE. O material produzido por duas das crianças
participantes, levando-se em consideração também a história de vida delas, foi analisado a partir de teorizações de Donald Woods Winnicott, psicanalista inglês, acerca da tendência
antissocial, temática central deste estudo. Trata-se da ocorrência de uma perda significativa, uma deprivação vivenciada pela criança, que teve algo de positivo e proveitoso em sua experiência prévia com o ambiente, inicialmente representado pela mãe. Devido a uma falha
superior ao tempo em que a memória da experiência satisfatória pôde ser mantida, a criança experimenta um sentimento de decepção e passa a cobrar do ambiente o que este lhe deve, querendo reaver, inconscientemente, a mãe suficientemente boa que um dia tivera. A análise
realizada evidenciou a existência de uma demanda de amor, um desejo inconsciente de mudança por parte das crianças investigadas, que desestruturam o ambiente em que vivem
com vias a reverter aquilo que lhes falta. Levando-se em conta tratar-se de crianças provenientes de família desassistidas, mais que desestruturadas, que vivem em uma
comunidade de condições precárias, aponta-se a instituição como via de possibilidade de restituição das condições anteriormente vividas por essas crianças, (re)construindo a moldura que lhes daria sustentação para seguirem seu percurso de amadurecimento em direção à realização do desenvolvimento saudávelThis Master Paper consists in a qualitative study with a clinical-interpretative nature, developed from an hermeneutic position of investigation, whose main propose was analyze the antissocial children request. In a specific way, was discussed the family structure paper, the different manifestation kinds of the antissocial tendency and the function of institutions in the interventional process with the children that practice this acts. The method adopted was the paint-history procedure, made by five sections of free painting production, telling history, inquiry and title attribution, done by seven kids between the ages six to eleven years old, all of them showing a conserved family structure, with no street living and assisted by the Centro Integral da Amizade (CDI), social work with no lucrative ends, located in the neighborhood of Santo Amaro, in Recife-PE. The material produced by two kids, considering also their life histories, were analyzed from Donald Woods Winnicotts theorizations about antissocial tendency, main theme of this study. It talks about a significant loosing, a deprivation suffered by the child, that had some positive living in the previous experience with the environment, initially represented by the mother. With a fault bigger than the child memory could support, the kid tries a deception feeling and charge the environment what it duties him, trying to refund, unconsciously, the mother good enough that a day he had. The analyze done shown that exist a loving ask, an unconscious changing desire by the children investigated, which dismantle the environment where they live trying to modify its hostility. Considering that the children studied come from unassisted families, more than unstructured, who live in a precarious community, we suggest the institution as a possibility of restoring the conditions before lived by those children, (re)building the frame which gave them the sustentation to follow their maturity process in the direction to the healthy development
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Grant, Isabel. "An investigation of parent-child behavior and adolescent somatization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30568.
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The association between psychogenic knee pain in adolescent girls and parent-child behavior that involves (1) a high degree of control on the part of parents and (2) a high degree of submission on the part of adolescent daughters was investigated. The subjects, between the ages of 13 and 16 years, were patients of five doctors whom they were consulting about chronic knee pain. The doctors categorized each patient as either having "organic evidence" associated with their pain complaint (n=18) or "no organic evidence" (n=12). Each patient completed the Intrex Questionnaire: Short Forms B and C (Benjamin, 1988) which provided a set of data that descibed the daughters' perceptions of .their mothers' and fathers' behavior in relation to them and also the daughters' own behavior in relation to both parents.
Similarity of the groups in terms of age, socioeconomic status and severity of pain was confirmed. Between-groups comparisons of the Intrex data yielded two significant differences. Daughters in the psychogenic pain group perceived their mothers as being both more controlling toward and more submissive to their daughters than did daughters in the organic group. Hypothesized differences between the groups regarding fathers' controlling behavior and daughters' submissive behavior were not supported.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Garzouzie, Gabrielle. "The psychological experiences of grieving for adolescents recently bereaved of a parent." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6525.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Parental bereavement has generated interest internationally, and yet very few bereavement studies have been conducted within South Africa, even though the prevalence of South African adolescents experiencing parental bereavement is on the increase. The attachment theory explains why the loss of a parental figure during adolescence could have a long lasting negative influence on adolescents’ psychological development. The present study aimed to explore the psychological experience of bereavement for 66 adolescents who recently lost either a parent or a significant caregiver who played a parental role for the bereaved adolescent. By means of a cross-sectional quantitative design the following variables were examined: depression (using the Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition; BDI-II), anxiety (using the Beck Anxiety Inventory; BAI), coping (using the Coping Strategy Indicator; CSI), attachment (using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment; IPPA) and social support (using the Social Support Appraisal; SSA). The results showed that the strongest significant positive correlations were between depression and anxiety, followed by positive correlations between attachment to the remaining mother figure and problem-solving coping. Furthermore, the results showed that the strongest significant negative correlations were between: depression and problem-solving coping, followed by the correlation between attachment to the remaining mother figure and peers and depression. Support from significant attachment figures in the bereaved adolescent's life was found to promote healthy adjustment to the significant loss by lowering depression and strengthening perceived social support for the bereaved adolescent. For the South African population, peer run support group interventions, based in schools or community youth groups, have been identified as best suited to promote resilience for adolescents during the bereavement process. The interventions would bring together bereaved adolescents, creating a support group for the adolescent to draw on during their bereavement.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In teenstelling met die internasionale gemeenskap geniet studies rakende ouerlike verlies in Suid- Afrika relatief min belangstelling en alhoewel gevalle van adolessente wat ouerlike verlies ondervind in Suid-Afrika vermeerder, word daar baie min sulke studies plaaslik onderneem. Die teorie van gehegtheid verklaar hoekom die verlies van ‘n ouer-figuur gedurende adolessensie langtermyn psigologiese newe-effekte kan meebring. Hierdie studie beoog om die psigologiese ondervindinge van 66 adolessente , wat onlangs ‘n ouer of voog moes afstaan, te bestudeer. Deur gebruik te maak van ‘n kwantitatiewe kruispeiling is die volgende veranderlikes bestudeer: depressie (deur gebruik te maak van die “Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition; BDI-II”), angs (deur gebruik te maak van die “Beck Anxiety Inventory; BAI”), aangewassenheid (deur gebruik te maak van die “Coping Strategy Indicator; CSI”), gehegtheid (deur gebruik te maak van die “Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment; IPPA”) en sosiale ondersteuning (deur gebruik te maak van die “Social Support Appraisal; SSA”). Die resultate toon dat die sterkste betekenisvolle positiewe korrelasies tussen angs en depressie bestaan, gevolg deur positiewe korrelasies tussen gehegtheid tot ‘n oorblywende moeder-figuur en aangewassenheid. Verder toon die resultate dat die sterkste betekenisvolle negatiewe korrelasies tussen depressie en probleem-oplossings opgewassenheid gevind kan word, gevolg deur gehegtheid aan ‘n oorblywende moeder-figuur en tydgenote en depressie. Ondersteuning van figure waarteen die adolessent aangeheg voel bewys om gesonde aanpassing tot die verlies te bewerkstellig deur die aanslag van depressie te bestry en begrip van sosiale ondersteuning te bevorder. In die Suid-Afrikaanse omgewing is gevind dat ingrypende ondersteuningsgroepe, wat bestuur word deur tydgenote van die adolessent, gebaseer in skole of gemeenskap jeug groepe, die beste vaar daarin om adolessente opgewasse te maak teen die verlies van ‘n ouer of voog gedurende die treur proses. Hierdie ingrypende ondersteuning groepeer treurende adolessente saam en bevorder so die vorming van ondersteuningsgroepe waar treurende adolessente mekaar kan bemoedig.
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Vasquez, Elias Inez. "MEASURING THE NEEDS OF HISPANIC PARENTS OF HIGH RISK NEWBORNS (NURSING, CROSS-CULTURAL, COMMUNICATION)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276445.
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Graver, Ellen 1953. "Family stress, social support, and health beliefs as determinants of maternal compliance behavior in relation to the dietary management of the obese infant." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276747.
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Hypotheses explaining maternal compliance behavior in relation to maternal attitudes and motivations and family and social influences were explored retrospectively in families of 39 obese infants from six to twelve months of age. Maternal social support and infant characteristics were not strongly associated or predictive of maternal compliance behavior. Stressful life changes in the family were negatively associated with maternal compliance to the dietary regimen. Maternal perception of infant fatness was negatively associated with dietary compliance behavior and positively associated with study protocol compliance behavior. Demographic variables were positively associated with compliance to study protocol. Family stress, maternal health beliefs, and demographic variables outweighed social support in their power to predict compliance behaviors. Compliance to study requirements did not necessarily mean compliance to the dietary regimen. Clinical use of assessing family stress, maternal beliefs and demographic variables appears to provide additional understanding of compliance behaviors in mothers with infant feeding recommendations.
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Lam, Sze-ching Minerva, and 林仕青. "The impact of interparental conflict on adolescent adjustment : the role of triangulation and family structure." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210314.
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Human, Berquin. "Resilience in families in which a parent has died." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52434.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The death of a parent calls on the family to utilize all its resources in order to adapt successfully and maintain normal family functioning. Within the mental health field a paradigm-shift from pathology-based to health-oriented is underway. Integral to this health-oriented paradigm is resilience, the ability to rebound after being stressed or challenged, as well as being able to rise above adversity and to survive stress. Family resilience theory emphasizes the role that family characteristics, behaviour patterns and capabilities play in cushioning the impact of stressful life events and in assisting the family in recovering from crises (McCubbin, Thompson, & McCubbin, 1996). Using a crosssectional survey research design, the present study aimed to explore and explicate those resiliency factors which enable families to adjust and adapt successfully after the loss of a parent. Families in which the death of a parent took place 1 to 3 years ago, and in which the eldest child was between 12 and 19 years old were approached to take part in this study. Thirty nine families completed questionnaires, as well as an open-ended question in which they were asked to report the most important factors or strengths which they felt helped their family through the stressful period. Results indicate that intrafamilial support such as emotional and practical support amongst family members, and family hardiness characteristics such as the internal strengths and durability of the family unit, contribute to resilience within the family. Individual characteristics, such as positive personality characteristics like optimism, are as important. Support from extended family and friends, as well as support obtained from religious and spiritual beliefs and activities, were reported as facilitating successful adjustment to the loss.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die dood van 'n ouer vereis dat 'n gesin alle bronne moet benut ten einde suksesvolle aanpassing en gewone gesinsfunksionering te handhaaf. Binne die geestesgesondheidsveld is daar 'n paradigma-verskuiwing vanaf patologie-gebaseerd na gesondheidsgeoriënteerd. Integraal tot hierdie gesondheidsgeoriënteerde paradigma is veerkragtigheid, die vermoë om terug te bons, uit te styg, en te oorleef nadat teëspoed ervaar is. Gesinsveerkragtigheidsteorieë beklemtoon die rol wat gesinseienskappe, gedragspatrone en bekwaamhede speel met betrekking tot die versagting van die impak van stresvolle lewenservaringe, asook die gesin se herstel na die krisis (McCubbin, Thompson, & McCubbin, 1996). 'n Dwarssnit opname-navorsingsontwerp is gebruik om die veerkragtigheidsfaktore te identifiseer en te beskryf wat gesinne help om suksesvol na die dood van 'n ouer aan te pas. Gesinne waar 'n ouer tussen een en drie jaar vantevore gesterf het, en die oudste kind tussen 12 en 19 jaar oud is, is genader vir deelname aan hierdie ondersoek. Nege-en-dertig gesinne het vraelyste sowel as 'n oop-end vraag voltooi waarin hulle gevra is om die belangrikste faktore te beskryf wat hul gesin deur die stresvolle periode gehelp het. Resultate dui daarop dat intragesinsondersteuning soos emosionele en praktiese ondersteuning, en gesinsgehardheid met kenmerke van interne sterkte en die volhoubaarheid van die gesin as eenheid, bygedra het tot gesinsveerkragtigheid. Individuele eienskappe soos optimisme het net so 'n essensiële rol gespeel. Ondersteuning van familie en vriende, asook ondersteuning as gevolg van godsdienstige en spirituele oortuigings en aktiwiteite, was fasiliterend in die suksesvolle aanpassing na die dood van 'n ouer.
19
鄢盛明 and Shengming Yan. "Parent-child relations and psychological well-being of older parents in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244993.
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Sterling, John W. (John Wilson). "Mother-Infant Interaction with Facially Deformed Infants." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331799/.
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This study investigated the interactions of facially deformed infants (FD) with their mothers compared to a facially nondeformed control group (FND). All mother-infant dyads were videotaped for 10 minutes during a free play period. Mothers were instructed to spend time with their baby as they normally would. The videotaped interactions of 14 FD dyads and 14 FND dyads were rated by five raters for quality of interactions, amount of vocalization, touch, and face-to-face gaze. The infants were rated on their level of attractiveness from polaroid pictures and videotapes. Mothers also completed a questionnaire which assessed their infants' temperament. Three of the studies' four hypotheses were confirmed. First, the more attractive an infant was, the better his/her interactions with the mother were judged to be. Second, FD infant dyads were rated as significantly poorer in quality of interaction than FND dyads, although FD* dyads did not spend significantly less time vocalizing, touching, or in face-to-face gaze as predicted. A significantly higher percentage of FD infants were judged as having difficult temperament relative to FND infants. Finally, as predicted it was found that infants with difficult temperaments were more likely to exhibit poorer quality interactions than infants with less difficult temperaments. These results have important implications for providing anticipatory guidance to caregivers of FD infants. Without intervention, FD infants appear at risk for subsequent developmental problems stemming from disrupted early mother-infant interactions. Future research should focus on these interactions soon after the infant's birth, attempt to determine if FD infants' emotions can be reliably understood from their facial expressions (as has been found in normal infants) and extend the current research paradigm to include fathers of FD infants.
21
Wagner, Jana Louise. "The relationship of parent and child food choices : influences of a supermarket intervention /." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135613/.
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Poon, Wing-tak Rhonda, and 潘穎德. "Self-esteem as a mediator in the relationship between parenting style and psychological well-being of children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46848873.
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Ralston, Kevin. "Childbearing and first birth in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9815.
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This thesis examines childbearing and first birth in Scotland. A description of empirical patterns and trends in childbearing and first birth in Scotland is given. Unique and appropriate analyses of data sources are presented. This includes analysis of the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS) and Scottish Social Attitudes Survey: Fertility Module (SSAS). The thesis clearly demonstrates the relationship between social stratification and childbearing within Scotland. This is apparent longitudinally, examining timings of first birth using the SLS, and in cross-sectional data using the SSAS, and comparing childbearing ideals and intentions with achieved numbers of children. The evidence suggests inequalities at play on parenthood. Those relatively less advantaged on measures of social stratification, for instance using data on occupations or educational attainment can be observed as starting families earlier than those more educationally or occupationally advantaged. Whether, and how, standard measures of geography relate to fertility outcomes is examined across several chapters and findings suggest that they offer some explanation relating to individual processes of first birth. A latent class approach is outlined which shows that economic theories of fertility can be reconciled with attitudinal indicators of opportunity cost and financial constraint. A distinctive theoretical position is also taken which culminates in the exposition of the position that childbearing can be usefully conceptualised in terms of a threshold effect.
24
Magane, Melidah Sekgena. "Father absence : psychological experiences of black rural adolescents." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27706.
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Chan, Chui-yi, and 陳翠兒. "A longitudinal study of maternal anxiety from the antenatal to the postpartum period: risk factors and adverseoutcomes on infant temperament and development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50162718.
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Anxiety is common among pregnant and postpartum women. The research attention in the area of reproductive mental health has mainly focused on postpartum depression in past decades. Given the health implications of maternal anxiety on the physical and psychological well being of both mothers and their offspring, there is an urgent need to fill the current research gaps. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of antenatal and postpartum anxiety symptoms; investigate the nature and development of antenatal and postpartum anxiety; clarify the constructs of antenatal anxiety; identify demographic and psychosocial risk factors; and examine the effects of antenatal anxiety on postpartum anxiety and infant development and temperament.
A prospective longitudinal design with quantitative approach was adopted in the present study. Pregnant women from two regional hospitals in Hong Kong were invited to participate in the study. They were assessed using standardized and validated psychological instruments on 5 time points including the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, 6-weeks and 6-months postpartum. A total sample of 1470 pregnant women was assessed on antenatal general anxiety and postpartum anxiety and hypothesized risk factors. A subset of 186 pregnant women was assessed on pregnancy-specific anxiety and infant temperament and development.
The results showed that an appreciable proportion of pregnant women manifested general anxiety symptoms and pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms during pregnancy. A mixed-effects model analysis for repeated measures showed that both forms of anxiety followed a U-pattern across pregnancy (p<.05 for both), with both being less prevalent in the second trimester. Findings supported that pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms and general anxiety symptoms are two distinct but inter-related forms of anxiety. Different demographic risk factors for anxiety symptoms vary across different trimesters. Self esteem and marital satisfaction were consistently associated with both general anxiety symptoms and pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms over the course of pregnancy. Regarding the impact of antenatal anxiety, general anxiety symptoms in the third trimester had the strongest association with postpartum anxiety at 6-weeks postpartum (p<.05). In general, general anxiety symptoms were more strongly associated with postpartum anxiety than pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms. After adjusting for the effects of postpartum anxiety and depression and other covariates, pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms were independent predictors for fewer infant’s falling reactivity response (p<.05), greater infant’s fear response (p<.05) and greater distress to limitations (p<.05), whereas general anxiety symptoms were independent predictors for poorer social (p<.05) and speech (p<.05) development.
The present study points to the need for greater research and clinical attention to antenatal anxiety given that antenatal anxiety is a prevalent problem with changing course and has serious impacts on maternal well-being and infant development. General anxiety symptoms and pregnancy-specific anxiety symptoms reflect different pathologies with potentially different pathogeneses and different pathways to postpartum well-being and infant outcomes which deserved further investigation. The present findings contributed to the understanding of maternal anxiety and have implications for the design of effective identification, prevention and treatment of these significant clinical problems.published_or_final_version
Psychiatry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Metcalfe, Kim Carmelite. "Measuring parental involvement Utilizing the Experience Sampling Methodology." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2154.
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The purpose of the current study was, in general, to use the Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) to more accurately assess the types of behaviors that mothers and fathers engage in with their sons and daughters and the amount of time they spend engaged in those behaviors when compared to each other.
27
Monte, Erica D. "Sex-role Stereotypes: How Far Have We Come?" PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4945.
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Parents are the first source of a child's learning of her or his gender. In fact, sex-role stereotyping of infants by parents may occur within the first 24 hours of birth. This study examined the nature of parental stereotyping on the basis of their infant's sex by obtaining parents' descriptions of their newborn and toy and clothing preferences for their newborn. In 1974, Rubin found that parents responded stereotypically to their infants on the basis of sex. Following Rubin's interview approach, 50 parent pairs from two urban hospitals were asked to participate in a parent-infant study and were subsequently interviewed 24 hours postpartum. Parents were asked open-ended descriptive questions about their newborn, given a semantic differential scale of 18 bi-polar objectives, asked about the importance of others recognizing their baby's sex, and asked a set of questions relating to the preference of clothing and toy choices for their newborn. Findings suggest that parents do stereotype their infants on the basis of biological sex. Sons were more likely to be described as strong, perfect, big or big-featured and energetic,--while daughters received more descriptions that mentioned their eyes, skin, or facial features and were also more likely to be described as small, tiny, or weak. Parents of boys were also more likely to state a preference for gender-specific toys and clothing. Infant sex did not make a notable difference on the importance that parents attributed to others recognizing their baby's sex. Fathers were more likely to perceive and describe their daughters more stereotypically than were mothers of either daughters or sons. Further studies to investigate gender stereotyping and its consequences as well as the interplay between the macro and micro levels of gender relations in society are suggested.
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Kothari, Brianne H. "Parental Differential Treatment (PDT) of Siblings: Examining the Impact and Malleability of Differential Warmth and Hostility on Children's Adjustment." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/49.
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Parental differential treatment (PDT), the within-family differences in parenting experienced by siblings (Rivers & Stoneman, 2008), has been linked to detrimental adjustment outcomes for children (e.g., Conger & Conger, 1994). The primary goal of this research was to more closely examine how differential treatment in two domains of parent-child relations-displays of warmth and hostility- were associated with child outcomes. A secondary data analysis was conducted on a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) of a parent training intervention. Participants in this sample were high risk children and families, and they were randomly assigned to one of three groups: an intensive parent training program, the parent training program plus a sibling intervention, or the community control group. Data were collected by multiple methods and from multiple reporting agents. Using baseline data from children (both older and younger siblings), mothers, observers and teachers, this study examined PDT agreement across two or more informants and whether PDT agreement was linked to child outcomes and also explored the extent to which these PDT domains were associated with both older and younger sibling's antisocial behavior. Using data collected at baseline and conclusion of the intervention from multiple informants, the study investigated whether the parenting intervention moderated the effect of PDT and the extent to which PDT was malleable. Agreement across two or more reporting agents of high PDT, especially for PDT-Hostility, was associated with worse outcomes for those children compared to children in the more egalitarian group. This research replicated previous studies in demonstrating that PDT is associated with negative child outcomes in some circumstances even when controlling for other child factors. The results from exploratory analyses in this study do not provide support for the idea that PDT is altered after participation in a parenting intervention; however, the findings do provide some evidence that the intervention moderates PDT. Specifically, negative PDT directed at the older sibling was more likely to be associated with negative outcomes in the absence of the intervention. Potential explanations for these findings are presented, and implications for future research are discussed.
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Boshoff, Marcelle Dianne. "The experiences of older persons and their adult children on maintaining positive parent-child relationships." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4631.
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The incidence of increased life span as well as a lack of care for older persons, gave rise to the South African Older persons Act (Act No 13 of 2006), which guides society in how our older persons should be treated. This Act also provides a clear indication of the expectations of caring for older persons within communities and families. Many older persons people rely on the relationships they have with their children in their golden years, to be fulfilling and loving. This study therefore aimed to explore the experiences of older persons and their adult children on maintaining positive relationships in order for the relationship to be most beneficial for both older persons and their adult children. The quality of relationships between adult children and older persons according to Newby (2010) can ease participation of adult children in the lives of older persons. This study was conducted from a qualitative research perspective that is exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature. The exploratory-descriptive design allowed the researcher to understand the topic by using a narrative strategy of inquiry. A non-probability purposive sampling method was applied to identify five older persons as well as the adult children of these older persons who are retirees of an automotive company in South Africa. Individual, semi-structured face to face interviews were conducted with older persons as well as with at least one of their adult children who did not reside with them. Thematic data analysis technique was used to analyse the data collected. The study is viewed as significant in enhancing the understanding of satisfying and caring relationships between older persons and their adult children in order to add to the body of existing knowledge in social gerontology and to improve direct social work practice with older persons.
30
Hildebrand, Paula. "Primary school children's experiences in their loss of a parent." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/446.
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This study aims to discover the meaning that primary school children place on the loss of a parent and the impact it has on the children’s lives. As it is an emotive topic, and because of the difficulties of interviewing children, qualitative techniques of research data collection are considered the most appropriate. The study will explore, discover and describe children’s personal experiences of loss in a phenomenological and contextual manner. The sample in the study will be selected according to non-probability and purposive sampling techniques. Because children are being interviewed, the researcher will ethically approach gatekeepers for permission, and gain their informed consent. Data will be collected using semi-structured interviews, in which the researcher will interact with the interviewees in a natural setting. Data analysis will be done according to Tesch’s eight steps for analysing qualitative research data (Creswell, 1994:155). Once this process has been completed, the data will be verified against the four criteria that Guba (in Krefting, 1991:214-222) developed for testing the trustworthiness of qualitative research findings. The results of the study, as well as conclusions and recommendations drawn from the data, will be disseminated by means of a written report.
31
Chau, Siu-ming Doris, and 周筱明. "A study of the psycho-social aspects of Hong Kong residents with wivesin Mainland China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31249681.
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Mok, Yam-king Monica. "Emotional experience and its expression in the house-tree-person drawings of children who witness parental disputes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29727418.
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Ho, Wing-yee, and 何穎怡. "The role of mother-child relationship in the linkage between maternal and child psychosocial functioning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209530.
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Previous studies have shown that a child’s attachment relationship with the mother and the mother’s psychosocial functioning are influential to the child’s psychosocial functioning in terms of the development of psychopathology. The current study aimed to examine the relationships between maternal and child psychosocial functioning in terms of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and sleep problems, as well as child attachment quality. The potential mediating or moderating role of attachment quality in the mother-child psychosocial functioning linkage was investigated. A total of 151 children and their mothers from a local community sample participated in the study. The children reported on their sleep problems and attachment quality. The mothers reported on their sleep problems, their children’s sleep problems, their internalizing symptoms, and their children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results showed that maternal internalizing symptoms were predictive of child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Attachment quality was predictive of child externalizing symptoms. The relationships among maternal and child sleep problems and attachment quality were inconclusive. No mediation or moderation effect of attachment quality on the relationship between maternal and child psychosocial functioning was suggested. Implications and future research directions were discussed.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
34
Atwater, Karen Dail. "A post-positivist study of the experience of parenting from a strengths perspective." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1195.
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In an effort to explore the multi-faceted subject of parenting in a more holistic manner, a post-positivist model of research was utilized for this study of the experience of parenting from a strengths perspective. Twelve parents were interviewed in-depth, exploring their experiences of having been parented and their experiences of parenting their own children.
35
Urban, Toni Ann. "A Case Study of the Effects of an Adlerian Parent Education Program on Parent Attitudes and Child Rearing Techniques." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278390/.
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The effects of an Adlerian-based parent education program on parents' attitudes toward their children's behavior and techniques used in child rearing were examined in this study. Parents in one primary elementary school were invited by letter to participate in a parent education program.
36
Smith, Cynthia. "Maternal coping effort in the neonatal intensive care setting." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276952.
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The purpose of this study was to describe maternal coping effort. The sample was composed of 30 mothers of infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. Descriptive and correlational statistics were used to determine maternal coping effort and the maternal factors that may be associated with coping effort. Results of the study showed that a majority of the mothers exerted a great amount of effort to cope with situations encountered in the NICU. Maternal age, marital status, gravidity and parity, mode of delivery and ethnicity did not prove to associate significantly with coping effort. The results of this study are significant to nursing practice in the confirmation of the high degree of maternal coping associated with the hospitalization of an infant in the NICU.
37
Durrant, Sarah L. "Parent Behaviors as Predictors of Peer Acceptance in Children With and Without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4333/.
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It has been theorized that parents indirectly influence children's peer functioning through aspects of the parent-child relationship. One specific group of children that exhibit significant problems with peers and in interactions with parents is children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Given the limited research examining family-peer links in children with ADHD, the purpose of the current study was to examine the association between aspects of the parent-child relationship and peer functioning in boys and girls with and without ADHD. In the current study, participants included 91 boys and girls between the ages of 7 and 11 years old and their parents. Fifty-four of these children were previously diagnosed with ADHD, Combined or Hyperactive/Impulsive Type. Parents and children participated in a parent-child interaction and then completed several measures assessing the parent-child relationship and peer acceptance. Teacher reports of peer acceptance were also obtained. The results of a multiple regression indicate some support for a family-peer links in children with ADHD. Positive parental affect expressed during a parent-child interaction was the strongest predictor of child-reported peer acceptance in children diagnosed with ADHD. However, parents making positive comments about the child or giving physical affection to the child during parent-child interactions did not predict children's peer acceptance. Negative parenting behaviors showed trends toward significance in predicting lower level's of child-reported peer acceptance in both children with ADHD and undiagnosed children. Parents making negative comments about the child appeared to be the most important predictor of low peer acceptance. Parent and child reports of parental rejection failed to show a significant effect for peer acceptance in both children with ADHD and undiagnosed children. However, among children with ADHD, child-reported parental rejection approached significance as a predictor of peer acceptance. Overall, the results of the current study lend some support to the theory that parents of children with ADHD indirectly affect their children's peer acceptance through parent behaviors. Clinically, these results suggest that interventions with children with ADHD could also focus on parents expression of positive affect and decreasing negative comments. The limitations of the current study and directions for future research will be presented.
38
Fok, Yam Kate Andrea, and 霍蔭芪. "Perception of parental control and its role in Chinese children's academic motivation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209701.
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The construct of parental control and its role in influencing children’s motivation in collectivistic cultures have been hotly debated. Two studies examined Hong Kong Chinese children’s perception of parental control and its relation with their academic motivation with sociocultural considerations. In Study 1, children (n = 24) were invited to participate in a focus group to report what parental control meant to them. The qualitative data obtained in the discussion were then used to construct questionnaires for investigating the perception of children from different income groups towards low and high level of parental controlling behaviors in Study 2. Children (N = 294) from lower and higher income groups were randomly assigned to complete the questionnaires consisting of either low or high control scenarios. Results indicated that children from different income families viewed parental control similarly. Mild forms of controlling behaviors were considered as signs of love and care, while intense forms were perceived as signs of control. Interaction effects were found for children’s perceived level of love and control towards the behaviors depicted in the scenarios and their mothers’ frequency of performing those behaviors in real life on their academic motivation. The present research provided a clearer conceptualization of the construct of parental control in Chinese societies and supported the applicability of the self-determination theory in the Hong Kong context.published_or_final_version
Educational Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
39
Reed, Kelly Layne. "An exploration study of the relationship between effectiveness of filial therapy training groups and group cohesion." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9832/.
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This study examined the relationship of group cohesion among heterogeneous and homogeneous groups on individual treatment outcome of child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT). CPRT is a filial therapy model that targets the parent-child relationship as a means for preventing or improving child and/or family problems. This study included 30 parents or caregivers from 9 groups which met for 10 sessions. Participants qualified for this study if their groups ended with at least 3 group members and 2 leaders, all pretest and posttest data on their child between the ages of 2-11 was completed, and if they attended at least 6 of the 10 sessions. Correlation coefficients, t-tests, and effect sizes were calculated. Results demonstrated no statistically significant differences between pretests and posttests on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for all 30 participants; however, differences in measured effect (η2) between children identified with borderline and clinical behavior problems and children with normal behavior problems suggest that CPRT is more effective among children who demonstrate significant behavior problems. Perceived and observed group cohesion measurements demonstrated no significant difference at the individual outcome level. This finding suggests that group cohesion may not be related to individual outcome. Although there was no significant relationship between group cohesion and individual outcome for this study, results of the group measurements regarding engagement and group cohesiveness, coupled with previous studies on CPRT effectiveness, suggest that CPRT should be utilized in homogeneous groups.
40
黎程正家 and Cheng Cheng-gea Alice Lai. "Parenting and children's social competence in families with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Guangzhou: an ecologicalstudy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234227.
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Etheridge, Lauri McAfee. "Parenting Style, Frequency of Electronic Communication with Parents, and the Development of Independence in First Year, First Semester College Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804855/.
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During the transition to college, emerging adults are expected to develop independence and increase individual responsibility as they live away from home for the first time. Modern electronic communication has enabled emerging adults to maintain frequent, daily contact with the parent, a pattern of communication Hofer refers to as an “electronic tether.” This study examined the link between parenting style and the development of independence of first year, first semester college students. Although these students were in frequent contact with their designated parent, no correlation between frequency of communication and parenting style or independence was found. Both authoritative and helicopter parenting significantly positively predicted attitudinal independence. However, permissive parenting functioned as a significant negative predictor. Authoritarian, permissive, and helicopter parenting significantly positively predicted conflictual independence. However, authoritative parenting functioned as a significant negative predictor. Both authoritative and helicopter parenting significantly positively predicted emotional and functional independence.
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Memani, Patience Sandiswa. "A comparative study of the marital attitudes of students from divorced, intact and single-parent families." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2003. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The aim of the research study was to examine the marital attitudes of students from divorced, intact and single parent families. Most of these students were in the intimacy versus isolation developmental phase. During this phase young adults seek to form an intimate relationship with another person, but may fear intimacy or may not want to give up their independence and may experience loneliness and isolation instead. It was thus important to conduct the study since some of the students were at a developmental stage in which they might have been dealing with intimate relationship issues. Given the focus of international studies on the marital attitudes of students from intact and divorced families, it was considered important to include, in the comparison, students from single parent families. A survey research design was used as a broad methodological framework and Bowen's family systems theory was used as a theoretical framework. A convenient sampling method was used to select a sample of 209 participants from the Community and Health Science Faculty. A Marital Attitude Scale and a questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by means of basic descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test, T-Test and Mann Whitney U-Test. Results showed that students&rsquoparental marital status (married, divorced, single) had no influence on their attitudes towards marriage. Generally, the students showed positive attitudes towardsmarriage. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference among different racial groups.
The results suggest that except for race, there was no statistically significant difference on the marital attitudes when compared on such variables as gender, religion and age. Although the marital attitudes of participants were generally positive among the different racial groups, participants from the Black community had less positive marital attitudes when compared with their Coloured, Indian and White counterparts. Participants from the Coloured community also had less positive marital attitudes when compared
to their counterparts from the Indian and White communities. The results of this study show that participants had relative positive attitudes towards marriage and that these attitudes did not differ according to parental status.
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Der, Kinderen Susan. "Resilience in families in which a parent has been retrenched." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51898.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Family Resilience is a relatively new construct describing how families recover after experiencing stress and adversity. Defined within the salutogenic paradigm, resilience implies the ability to bounce back after being "stretched" or challenged, as well as being able to rise above adversity and to survive stress. Using a cross-sectional, survey research design the present study aimed to further explore and explicate those resiliency factors which enable families to maintain established patterns of functioning when threatened by risk factors. It also aimed to examine those recovery factors which foster the families ability to bounce back from crisis and disruption. Teachers who had accepted the voluntary severance package from the South African Department of Education between 1996 and 1998 were approached to take part in this study on behalf of their family. Thirty participants completed a biographical questionnaire as well as the Family Index of Regenerativity and Adaptation (FIRA-G) which measures the major components of the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation (McCubbin & Thompson, 1991). Results confirmed the relationship between family stressors, family strains and family distress, implying that if stressors and strains are not managed, they pile up, deplete resources and lead to family tension and stress (Lavee, McCubbin & Patterson, 1985; Lavee et al. 1987; McCubbin & Patterson, 1983). Results also highlighted the protective nature of good financial management, suggesting that there are measurable factors which act as crisis-meeting resources, diminish the negative impact and degree of the stressor and ultimately foster resilience and facilitate recovery. Finally, social support was highlighted as a resilience variable. Family schema (encompassing concepts of reframing and spiritual support) remains one of the crucial factors which contributes towards, firstly, the resistance of decay in the face of stressors, and secondly, which facilitates the recovery trajectory. It is maintained that this could be one of the most crucial factors for ongoing investigation in resiliency research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gesinsveerkragtigheid ("resilience") is 'n relatiewe nuwe konstruk wat verwys na gesinne se vermoë om te herstel nadat hulle spanning en terugslae ervaar het. Dit word beskryf vanuit die salutogenese paradigma en word gedefinieer as gesinne se vermoë om terug te bons nadat hulle teenspoed ervaar het. 'n Dwarsnit navorsingsontwerp is gebruik om die twee aspekte van gesinsveerkragtigheid, naamlik weerstand en herstel, te ondersoek en te beskryf. Weerstandsfaktore verwys na dié faktore wat gesinne in staat stelom gevestigde patrone van funksionering, tydens bedreiging deur risiko-faktore, te handhaaf, terwyl herstel-faktore verwys na dié faktore wat gesinne se vermoë om terug te bons na 'n krisis, bevorder. Onderwysers wat tussen 1996 en 1998 die vrywillige uittredingspakket van die Departement van Onderwys aanvaar het, is genader om namens hul gesinne deel te neem aan hierdie ondersoek. Dertig deelnemers het 'n biografiese vraelys sowel as die "Family Index of Regenerativity and Adaptation" (FIRA-G) voltooi. Die FIRA-G vraelyste meet die hoofkomponente van die "Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation" (McCubbin & Thompson, 1991 ). Resultate het die verband tussen gesinstressors, gesinspanning en gesinsnood bevestig, met die implikasie dat indien 'n opeenhoping van stressors en spanning nie hanteer word nie, gesinshulpbronne uitgeput word en dat dit tot gesinspanning en stres kan lei. Die beskermende aard van goeie finansiële bestuur is bevestig. Sosiale ondersteuning is geïdentifiseer as 'n belangrike faktor in gesinsweerstand. Gesinskemas, wat herformulering en geestelike ondersteuning insluit, blyk 'n deurslaggewende gesinsveerkragtige faktor te wees en behoort in die toekoms verder ondersoek te word.
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Duffy, Kathleen M. "Filial therapy a comparison of child-parent relationship therapy and parent-child interaction therapy /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2008. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/747.
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Johnson, Lera Joyce. "Effects of novel ingesta from novel presenters on food acceptance in infants of different ages." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40068.
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The present study investigated food acceptance/ingestional neophobia as a function of distal and proximal sources of stimulus novelty in human infants of two ages and evaluated the utility of the two-stage model of ingestion (e.g., Garcia, Hankins, & Rusiniak, 1974) in understanding the role of novel cues in food acceptance.
Thirty-two infants (6- to 12-months-of-age) and 32 toddlers (13- to 24-months-of-age) received a familiar or a novel food from a familiar or a novel presenter during lunchtime at a day care center. The measures of performance were latency to the first and second bites, percentage frequencies of gustofacial expressions, behavioral indices of food rejection, such as spitting out the food, pushing the food away and upper body flexion, and percentage intake.
Reliably longer latencies occurred to the novel than to the familiar presenter on first and second bites for both age groups. No reliable effects were found to the appearance of the novel food on latencies to the first bite or to the taste cues of the novel food on latencies to the second bite for either age group. Combinations of novel presenter and novel food cues did not produce reliably longer latencies to the second bite than did mixed combinations of novel/familiar cues. However, infants, but not toddlers, showed reliably longer latencies to the novel than to the familiar presenter in the novel food condition prior to the second bite. No reliable age differences were observed in negative gustofacial responses to novel foods.
Latencies to the first and second bites were reliably correlated with percentage intake and behavioral indices of aversiveness such as upper body flexion and pushing the food away. These data suggested that demonstration of neophobia may be an indication of aversiveness of novelty.
Finding that ingestional neophobia occurred to novel presenter cues supported the view of the two-stage model that distal cues influence approach behavior and the start of ingestion. However, the model was net supported by data for the second bite. Failure to find reliable effects to food cues in latencies to the second bite did net support the view that proximal food cues influence the continuation of ingestion. The prediction for greater neophobia to combinations of novel cues was not supported. Reliable differences in latencies to the second bite for infants, but not for toddlers, who received a novel food from a novel presenter suggest developmental differences in ingestional neophobia.Ph. D.
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Spedding, Maxine F. "Rocking the hand that rocks the cradle : exploring the potential of group therapy with low-income South African mother-infant dyads." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50443.
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Assignment (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The transition to motherhood represents a critical period in a woman's life. It presents the mother with the opportunity for personal development, while simultaneously rendering her vulnerable to psychological problems. The South African low-income mother faces additional challenges in having to contend with a host of poverty-related stressors. The mother's at-risk status extends to her infant, who depends on her for the fulfilment of its needs. Current mental health policy does not consider the special needs of mother-infant dyads, despite its orientation to prevention. The current paper seeks to explore the potential of group therapy with low-income mother-infant dyads. It outlines the possible theoretical underpinnings for psychotherapeutic group work with low-income mothers and infants, by making use of attachment theory, feminist theory and community psychology. It reviews the theories' individual contributions and explores their compatibility in considering group therapy with low-income mother-infant dyads. Further, it reviews empirical studies and interventions with mother-infant dyads, with a particular emphasis on group therapy interventions. It argues that group therapy may be a viable and effective approach to psychological work with low-income mother-infant dyads.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die oorgang tot moederskap verteenwoordig 'n kritiese periode in 'n vrou se lewe. Dit bied die moeder die kans vir persoonlike ontwikkeling, terwyl dit haar gelykertyd kwesbaar maak vir sielkundige probleme. Die Suid-Afrikaanse lae-inkomste moeder moet boonop bykomstige uitdagings, in die vorm van 'n menigdom armoed-verwante stressors, die hoof bied. Die moeder se kwesbare status sluit ook haar baba in, wat op haar aangewese is vir die vervulling van sy/haar behoeftes. Huidige geestesgesondheids-beleid neem, ten spyte van 'n voorkomende oriëntasie, nie die spesiale behoeftes van moeder-kind pare in ag nie. Hierdie werksopdrag beoog om die potensiaal van groepsterapie met lae-inkomste moederkind pare te ondersoek. Dit beskryf kortliks die moontlike teoretiese begrondings van psigoterapeutiese groepswerk met lae-inkomste moeder-kind pare deur gebruik te maak van bindings-teorie, feministiese teorie sowel as gemeenskaps sielkunde. Dit hersien die teorieë se onderskeidelike bydraes en ondersoek hulle aanpasbaarheid met betrekking tot die ondersoek van groepsterapie met lae-inkomste moeder-kind pare. Hierdie werksopdrag hersien dan ook verder empiriese studies en intervensies gemik op moeder-kind pare, met 'n spesifieke fokus op groepsterapie intervensies. Daar word geargumenteer dat groepsterapie 'n geskikte en effektiewe benadering tot sielkundige werk met lae-inkomste moeder-kind pare is.
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Kruenegel-Farr, Debbie S. "Perceptions of Family Vacation and Family Cohesion and the Moderating Effects of Parenting Style." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500132/.
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Family cohesion, or emotional bonding, is important to family functioning. Shared activities such as family vacations offer opportunities for strengthening the family unit which can improve cohesion. Additionally, parenting style has direct influence on the family unit and family cohesion. This study’s purpose was to assess to what extent the perception of the family vacation experience predicted the perception of family cohesion and whether that relationship was moderated by parenting style. An online survey was conducted, resulting in 97 adult participants responding to items regarding their last family vacation, family cohesion, and parenting style. Using hierarchical multiple regression, a medium effect size was found for the predictive ability of a participant’s perception of their last family vacation on family cohesion. Findings also indicated a negative correlation between an authoritarian parenting style and perception of family cohesion, but a positive relationship between the interaction of family vacation experience and authoritarian parenting to family cohesion. Stronger predictive abilities were found for those with children in the 3-11 age group. Results may encourage parent and family educators to use family vacation as a tool in assisting families with the processes of building strong and cohesive families.
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Sheely, Angela. "School based child parent relationship therapy (CPRT) with low income Black American parents: Effects on children's behaviors and parent-child relationship stress, a pilot study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6053/.
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This study examined the effectiveness of training low income Black American parents in child parent relationship therapy (CPRT). In response to the cultural values and challenges faced by low income Black American parents, the CPRT manual was adapted slightly for use with parents for this study. In this quasi-experimental design, 14 parents were assigned to the experimental group and 13 parents were assigned to the no treatment control group. Six hypotheses were analyzed. Different analyses were conducted based on the hypotheses. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were conducted to determine if the CPRT treatment and the no treatment control group performed differently across time according to pretest and posttest results of the Child Behavior Checklist - Parent Version (CBCL) and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Additionally, partial η2 was calculated to determine practical significance. Five hypotheses were retained at the .025 level of significance. Findings indicated that parents who participated in the CPRT training reported a statistically significant decrease in parent-child relationship stress. Specifically, parents assigned to the experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in Child Domain (p < .001), Parent Domain (p < .001), and Total Stress (p < .001) of the PSI when compared to parents assigned to the no treatment control group. Similarly, results indicated that parents assigned to the experimental group reported statistically significant improvements in Total Problems (p < .01) and Externalizing Problems (p = .001) of the CBCL, when compared to parents assigned to the no treatment control group. No statistical significant results were found on Internalizing Problems.
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Conte, Deborah A. (Deborah Ann). "Differences in Parenting Stress Between Parents of Children with ADHD, Children with Internalizing Behavior Problems, and Non-Referred Children." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278890/.
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Recently, researchers have begun to explore the associated impacts of ADHD on parent and family functioning, with an increasing focus on parenting stress. Accumulating empirical evidence is mixed, suggesting that parents of children with ADHD report increased levels of parenting stress when compared to parents of children with learning disabilities, and parents of non-referred children, but report equally stressful parenting levels when compared to parents of children with externalizing behavior problems. Results of the present study comparing reported parenting stress levels between
parents of children with ADHD, children with internalizing behavior problems, and nonreferred children, were partially supportive of results found in past studies indicating higher levels of parenting stress among parents of children with ADHD. However, strong gender effects were found between mothers and fathers, which mediated the overall results.
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Ener, Liz D. "A Canonical Correlational Analysis Exploring Characteristics of Children Presenting to Counseling for Grief and Loss." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804937/.
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To date, researchers who have explored the complexity of childhood bereavement have utilized unstandardized assessment instruments and/or have independently evaluated specific constructs rather than factoring in the dimensionality of loss. The purpose of this study was to use parents' completion of established instruments--the Child Behavior Checklist and the Parenting Stress Index--to examine the multivariate shared relationship between characteristics of bereaved children referred for counseling--their ages, genders, ethnicities, types of loss, and life stressors--and their behavioral manifestations as well as the relationship between these characteristics and levels of parent-child relational stress. Utilizing archival clinical files, I examined these characteristics from bereaved children (N = 98) whose parents sought counseling services from two university-based counseling clinics. The sample consisted of 67 boys and 31 girls between the ages 3 and 11 years old (M = 6.28). The majority of participants (67%, n = 66) identified as Caucasian, 10% (n = 10) as African American, 10% (n = 10) as Hispanic/Latino, 6% as Bi-racial (n = 6), 4% as Native American (n = 4), and 2% as Asian (n = 2). A canonical correlational analyses (CCA) was conducted to examine relationship between characteristics of children and their subsequent behavioral manifestations. The full model was found to be statistically significant using the Wilks’s λ = .611 criterion, F(25, 328.41) = 1.862, p = .008. The R2 type effect size was .389, which indicates the full model explains about 39% of the variance shared between the two variable sets. A second CCA was conducted to explore the relationship between characteristics of bereaved children and levels of parent-child relational stress. The full model was found statistically to be significant using the Wilks’s λ = .790 criterion, F(10, 154) = 1.926, p = .045. The R2 type effect size was .210, which indicates the full model explains about 21% of the variance shared between the two variable sets. Overall, correlational findings from this study provided insight into bereaved children’s manifestations of loss and levels of parent-child relational stress as contingent upon specific characteristics. Specifically, results indicated a strong relationship between age and bereaved children’s behavioral manifestations. This finding reinforced the importance for clinicians to understand developmental implications when working with bereaved children. Furthermore, caregivers who reported minimal overall external stressors also reported less parent-child relational interference. This finding further emphasizes the importance for caregivers to maintain utmost stability for bereaved children.