Dissertations / Theses: 'Parent and child - New Zealand'

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Tap, Relinde. "High-Wire Dancers: Middle-Class Pakeha and Dutch Childhoods in New Zealand." e-Thesis University of Auckland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1517.

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In contemporary New Zealand discourses the 1950s, 1960s and the early 1970s are seen as the era of the ‘Golden Weather’. This time came to an end when social change on an unprecedented scale took place from the end of the 1960s onwards. During the 1980s and 1990s the changes became very rapid due to transformations as part of the neoliberal reforms. Neoliberalism established new ways of governing the self through discourses of personal reflection, flexibility and choice as well notions of uncertainty, instability and risk. Risk discourses can be found at different junctures in New Zealand’s history, but contemporary discourses surrounding the self and childhood have shifted risk discourses in new ways. This has led to new regimes of rationality and practices of childhood and an increased governance of children and their families. This research documents the contexts and the interrelationships which influenced the new regimes of rationality and governance of childhoods in New Zealand. It also discusses the way a range of contradictory and conflictual cultural repertoires are negotiated and reproduced in the middle classes. In the last decades Pakeha and Dutch middle-class families in New Zealand have faced the prospect of declining fortunes. They have therefore adopted a cultural logic of childrearing which stresses the concerted cultivation of children. These regimes of concerted cultivation include risk discourses which affect everyday relationships and practices. This more global middle-class regime coexists with a local regime based on the New Zealand narrative of the time of the ‘Golden Weather’. Within this local repertoire a ‘typical’ New Zealand childhood is seen as safe and quite relaxed. This perceived childhood space is filled with beaches and other activities associated with nature which give children the opportunity and freedom to explore and develop a distinct Kiwi self. This local figuration is in contradiction with the often hectic pace of concerted cultivation and the anxieties surrounding risk discourses. Dutch middle-class parents in New Zealand also use concerted cultivation and they have adopted some of their host country’s figurations surrounding childhood and the outdoors. However, there is a difference in emphasis as Dutch parental narratives of self are more focussed on relationships with people rather than nature.
The Ministry of Social Development, Building Research Capacity in the Social Sciences Doctoral Research Award, The New Zealand-Netherlands Foundation, The Anthropology Department,University of Auckland.

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Trenberth, Deborah Ann. "New Zealand families' beliefs about what constitutes successful management of unsupervised childcare : a qualitative descriptive study : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Applied) in Nursing /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/640.

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Couch, Clare Mary. "Balanced parenting with young children : relationship focused parent training within a dialectical framework : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1206.

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While traditional behavioural parent training programmes have assisted families with concerns of child behaviour problems, they have not kept abreast with recent conceptualisations of the development of problematic behaviours in the parent-child relationship. Research has indicated that understanding of this relationship needs to go beyond bidirectional explanations and that a dialectical framework better describes the complexity of this relationship, which, in turn, should be reflected in the parent training programmes offered. Therefore, this study provided a parent training programme focused on balance in the parent-child relationship, which encapsulated the complex, dialectical nature of this intimate relationship. A central implication when adopting this notion of balance was that all aspects of the programme were addressed at the parent and child level. In addition, multiple factors were addressed that included mindfulness and acceptance, dealing with emotions, understanding development, and addressing parental attributions. It was only within this overarching concept of balance and relationship factors that behavioural skills were introduced. Mechanisms of change were identified by investigating parental emotional schemas through their narratives about themselves, their child, and the programme. This research involved 23 parents with their 3-4 year-old children in a parent training programme where both the parent and child met weekly with a therapist in group parent training. The groups involved 2-hourly sessions for 5 weeks, modelled on a “coffee morning” where parents met and discussed issues and the children played alongside in the same room. A research assistant was available to play with and tend to basic needs of the children. Measures at pre-, post-treatment, and at follow-up targeted child behaviour problems, how much of a problem these were for the parents, parents’ sense of competence, parental attributions, and what was useful for parents in the programme. Results indicated that at post-treatment parents were able to address and maintain balance in their parent-child relationship and this reflected multiple dimensions of a dialectical understanding that had not been evident prior to the intervention. There was an increased mindfulness of both parent and child’s needs with a strong emphasis on an increased understanding of the child as an individual in their own right. Parents reported an increased recognition of the importance of dealing with emotions, with improved skills to be able to do this, an increased understanding of accommodating development, and an appreciation of needing to address parental attributions. In addition, there was a decrease in parent-reported intensity of child behaviour problems and how problematic these were for the parents, which were corroborated with parental verbal reports of improved child behaviour. Mechanisms of change that were identified included changes in parental attributions, parents being able to share with other parents, accessing “expert” knowledge from the programme facilitator, and gaining parental strategies. Implications for practice were discussed with suggestions for behavioural parent training programmes. In conclusion, limitations of the research and directions for future research were indicated.

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Russell, Gemma Louise. "Reintegration of child sex offenders in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5870.

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Reintegration of child sex offenders following incarceration is most successful if matched to the needs of offenders, victims and the community, whilst minimising risk of recidivism and developing offenders into prosocial citizens (Austin, 2001). This study explored child sex offenders' expectations for and experiences of reintegration into the community. A longitudinal design was used in which semi-structured interviews covering issues identified in the literature as being related to reintegration. Nine offenders were interviewed within one week prior to release from prison, 3 months post-release and 6 months post-release. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Seven themes emerged that identified child sex offenders' expectations for release that included fear of community members' reactions, the importance of having pre-arranged accommodation and employment, social support, relationships with probation officers, maintaining optimism for a new way of life, and the place of cultural needs. Participants' expectations for release closely reflected their experiences of release. Negative community reactions were encountered and were stressful, there were problems finding accommodation and employment, social support was important, relationships with probation officers were problematic, as was building a new life, and there were issues concerning accountability to one's cultural group. This data confirmed that most child sex offenders fear their release from prison into the community and once released struggle to live in society. Overall reintegration planning was simplistic and aimed primarily to manage risk factors rather than promote positive reintegration. Those offenders who were most successful on release, tended to have more comprehensive reintegration plans which enabled them to visualise what life would be like after release, consequently increasing their optimism that they could live successfully in the community. Recommendations are made to enhance current reintegration.

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McKenzie, Kay Helen, and n/a. "Abused children in New Zealand/Aotearoa : presentation and investigation." University of Otago. Children's Issues Centre, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070430.162806.

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The overarching goal of the present research was to identify the interface between research and practice in the area of child-abuse investigation. The specific aims of the research were to explore how abused children present to investigators, to identify the characteristics of the children�s disclosures and the role of disclosure in the investigation, to establish the factors that influenced child-abuse investigators� decisions to interview children, and to make comparisons between sexually- and physically-abused children. Three hundred substantiated cases of child abuse (150 sexual-abuse and 150 physical-abuse investigations) investigated by the Department of Child, Youth and Family Services of New Zealand, prior to July 2001, were analysed. Children were most often physically-abused by their biological parents, and mothers were marginally more often the abusers than were fathers. The most common indicators of physical abuse were children�s disclosures and physical injuries. Risk factors for physical abuse included living in two-parent households and being of Maori or Pacific Island ethnicity. Gender or age provided no protection from physical abuse. The families of the physically-abused children were characterised by family violence, substance abuse, neglect, and poor mental health. Adverse family circumstances restrained children from telling others about their physical abuse. Physically-abused children aged more than 7 were found to present with a range of problem behaviours and fears. Child-abuse investigators often tolerated physical assaults on children, particularly by mothers. Moreover, child-abuse investigators did not routinely interview physically-abused children or treat the abuse as a criminal matter, especially if there were complicating family dynamics. Sexually-abused children were usually victimised by unrelated, known males, less often by male relatives, and infrequently by strangers, fathers, or step-fathers. One-third of the sexual abusers were aged less than 17, and over 40% of the young offenders were aged less than 12. As with adult sexual offenders, the child and teenage sexual offenders were predominantly male. Child-abuse investigators usually did not refer the young sexual offenders to the authorities for follow-up. Risk factors for sexual abuse included being female and living with a single parent. Social workers often did not meet with sexually-abused children, but instead usually referred them for a forensic interview. Social workers may not have explored issues related to the sexually-abused children�s behaviour or their families in the manner that they did for the physically-abused children. In both physical- and sexual-abuse cases, social workers were more likely to take action if children had made clear disclosures of abuse. However, despite disclosure being an important factor in decision-making, child-abuse investigators still did not meet with or interview every child, particularly preschool children and physically-abused children. The majority of factors that influenced child-abuse investigators� decisions to interview children were related to practice issues, in sexual-abuse cases, or tolerance of parental violence towards children, in physical-abuse cases. Preschool children, whether physically- or sexually-abused, did not present differently from 5- or 6-year-olds in their behaviour or style of disclosure. However, compared to older children, child-abuse investigators were unlikely to interview preschoolers. To conclude the thesis, I will highlight lessons to be learned from the present study and will make recommendations for child-abuse investigators, any professionals working with children and families, and the government of New Zealand.

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Cutler-Naroba, Maree. "Child Abuse Prevention in New Zealand: Legislative and Policy Responses Within An Ecological Framework." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2514.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that one way New Zealand's high prevalence of child abuse can be reduced is by the government increasing the legislative and policy responses within an ecological framework, to child abuse prevention. This is because such responses would ensure a 'best practice' approach to child abuse prevention. This 'best-practice' approach is one where child abuse prevention measures are community-driven, child-centred, multi-disciplinary and inter-sectoral. Section 1 of this thesis will provide a background on the different types of child abuse, why child abuse occurs and what the consequences of child abuse are. This section will also cover some current statistics on the incidences of child abuse in New Zealand. Additionally, there is a discussion on how child abuse is increasingly being minimised within a family violence paradigm - even though family violence is only one form of child abuse. New Zealand does not have a good track record when it comes to its rates of child abuse. Section 1 is intended to give the reader a very clear picture of how children in New Zealand are not currently being protected adequately enough from child abuse. This protection should be coming from the adults in their lives, in their community and in their nation. Section 2 of this thesis outlines an ecological framework for child abuse prevention. More specifically the way in which such an ecological model is operating presently in New Zealand, at particularly an exosystem (community) and macrosystem (national) level. The second part of this section discusses factors which will ensure the 'success' of an ecological framework for child abuse prevention. By 'success' the author is referring to a framework in which the primary outcome is the prevalence of child abuse in New Zealand is reducing. Section 3 of this thesis will contain the substantive arguments of this paper. New Zealand does currently have in place legislative and policy responses to child abuse prevention. However, the author maintains these responses to date have not been sufficient because New Zealand's rates of child abuse continue to escalate. This section consists of 19 recommendations of legislative and policy responses that could be implemented at a macrosystem/national level. At the conclusion of the recommendations contained in this thesis, it becomes clear that the government does need to respond urgently to New Zealand's growing child abuse rates. New Zealand can no longer afford to have a reactive, ad-hoc approach to child abuse. Nor can the response at a macro level continue to be one of rhetoric where there is more talk on child abuse prevention than there is on activating, monitoring and funding practical solutions. It is the author's contention that if the government considered the interests and welfare of children as paramount in legislative and policy decisions that relate to children, then this will send a strong and clear signal to the adults in childrens' lives that children are not to be abused. Instead, children are to be nurtured, respected and cherished in every way.

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Doolan, Michael Patrick. "A Life Too Short: Child death by homicide in New Zealand: An examination of incidence and statutory child protection actions." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social Work, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1034.

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Using secondary analysis methodology - a statistical analysis of Police data - this study examines the annual incidence and patterns of child (0-14 years) death by homicide in New Zealand in the decade 1991-2000, and identifies the similarities and differences ofthese with an earlier New Zealand study and with international patterns. The study then determines the number of victims of child homicide with whom the New Zealand child care and protection service had had significant contact during the years 1996-2000, this period being chosen because of the availability of comprehensive case records. The report describes the New Zealand child care and protection legislative scheme and delineates the phases of an investigation undertaken by the Department of Child Youth and Family Services, identifying the possible practice errors attendant with each phase. Using qualitative analysis of case reviews undertaken by the Department of Child Youth and Family Services, the study investigates when deaths have occurred: during intake and prior to investigation; during an investigation; or during an intervention; and identifies the incidence of practice error. The findings of the two parts of the study are integrated using a systems perspective that discusses the influences of family, professional, organisational and community systems on child homicide. The report concludes with the implications of this analysis for child care and protection policy, practice and research. The findings of the study are discussed together with the implications for child protection practice.

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Kirk, Maree Louise. "Wellbeing for children with a disability in New Zealand: A search for meaning by Maree Kirk." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2416.

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This thesis explores the meaning of wellbeing for children with a disability in New Zealand, an area of social policy that has been largely unexamined. Focusing on the school environment, three questions are addressed: What does wellbeing mean for children with a disability? What factors influence it? Are current policy frameworks which address child wellbeing relevant to the wellbeing of children with a disability? The research involved qualitative data collection from nine purposively selected participants: children with a disability, their parents and key informants involved in service provision and policy development. A critical review of international and national literature on definitions of wellbeing and disability, and on existing data sources, is followed by a socio-demographic profile of children with a disability in New Zealand. Qualitative findings are interpreted in relation to current New Zealand social policy initiatives and frameworks - New Zealand's Agenda for Children, the Whole Child Approach and the Key Settings Model - as well as the theoretical perspectives of social solidarity, wellbeing, the ecological theory of human development and discourses of disability. Findings indicate that the concept of wellbeing as applied to all New Zealand children is also relevant to children with a disability. The difference however, lies in the factors which ultimately influence whether the various dimensions of wellbeing will actually be experienced by children with a disability. For these children, communication as a dimension of wellbeing for example, is influenced by language skill acquisition, which in turn depends upon allocation of appropriate and adequate resourcing of the child's learning environment. The conclusion drawn is that policy frameworks, principles and social indicators addressing child wellbeing, are inconsistently applied with regard to children with a disability. New Zealand's Agenda for Children which promotes an ecological approach to child wellbeing would benefit from further adaptation to reflect the needs of this specific child population. The notion of wellbeing for children with a disability needs further development for the purpose of knowledge building, and to ensure clearer articulation between processes of policy development, service provision, and resource allocation.

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Grey, Ben. "'The meaning of the child to the parent' : the development and validation of a new method of classifying parenting interviews for the nature of the parent-child relationship." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2014. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/the-meaning-of-the-child-to-the-parent(bed4d882-7cde-4924-8fba-ef4a0f5d9bd5).html.

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The aim of this research has been to develop and validate a new method, called the 'Meaning of the Child', to assess the psychological meaning all children have for their parents, but which in cases of risk, submerge or distort the child's identity (Reder & Duncan 1995). The method analyses parental discourse in semi-‐structured interviews using attachment theory, understood dyadically, from the perspective of both parent and child. In its analysis of parental representations of Caregiving, the Meaning of the Child integrates an understanding of adult self-‐protective defensive processes drawn from attachment theory, in particular Crittenden’s theory of adult information processing in conditions of threat (Crittenden & Landini 2011) with the concept of 'inter-‐subjective dialogues', where parent and child co-‐construct the meaning of the other (Beebe et al., 2012a & 2012b). The coding method was developed from interviews drawn from the researcher’s work with children and families in the family court system, and then tested with a sample of 85 mothers and fathers, 62 of whom were parents drawn from this ‘at risk’ context. The remaining 23 were drawn from a US sample of normative mothers. The Parent Development Interview (PDI: Aber et al. 1985-‐2003) was used to assess parenting representations and coded for Parental Reflective Functioning (RF: Slade et al. 2005) and the new Meaning of the Child (MotC) system. The parents were also videoed in a short free-‐play interaction, using the CARE-‐Index (Crittenden 2007), a dyadically constructed assessment of parental sensitivity. | P a g e 3 of 461 A strong relationship was found between the Meaning of the Child level of Sensitivity/Risk, assessed from how parents spoke about their child, and the nature of their contingent responsiveness, assessed using the CARE-‐Index. Statistically significant correlations were also found between the level of Unresponsiveness and Control in both the MotC and the CARE-‐Index. The level of Sensitivity/Risk in the Meaning of the Child was also related to parental RF. The contribution of the Meaning of the Child to understanding the shaping of infant attachment relationships (the problem of the ‘transmission of attachment’, [Van IJzendoorn, 1995]), and as an assessment tool to assist intervention with ‘at risk’ relationships, is discussed and illustrated with case example material. The results of the statistical study together with this analysis, provides good evidence for the Meaning of the Child as a construct, and as an assessment tool to identify and assess the nature of 'at risk' parent-‐child relationships.

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Strach, Pavel, and n/a. "Exploring relationships between parent companies and their subsidiaries : the case of Japanese mulitinationals." University of Otago. Department of Management, Department of Marketing, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080130.095953.

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Japanese-style management and Japanese companies have been popular targets of management studies since the 1970s. Many studies have been devoted to the examination of Japanese companies in Japan. By comparison, less understanding has been achieved about how Japanese companies conduct business in their international operations and how famous Japanese management has been transferred to Japanese subsidiaries. This thesis contributes to an ongoing academic debate about the internationalization processes within Japanese multinational companies. The processes involved in interaction between the parent company and subsidiaries address the research question of how subsidiaries of Japanese multinational firms perceive the relationship with their parent companies. The parent-subsidiary relationship is conceptualized within the boundaries of communication and information exchange theory. The conceptual framework creates a tool for research inquiry into the parent-subsidiary relationship. The framework conceptualizes the relationship between facilitating factors and perceived parental influence. Access to the parent company, motivation to engage with the parent company, and ability to engage with the parent company are conceptualized as factors facilitating the parent-subsidiary relationship. National/country and organizational/industry characteristics are identified as attributes moderating the relationship. Information outflow, inflow, and intraflow are derived components of the parental influence. The study presented here is exploratory with findings based on two sequential comparative research stages. The Czech Republic and New Zealand, although different in terms of national and country characteristics, are argued as a suitable comparable base for conducting research within subsidiaries ofJapanese firms. In stage one, 18 Czech and 17 New Zealand subsidiaries of Japanese companies participated in a questionnaire survey. In stage two, 26 semi-structured interviews were conducted for case studies within Czech and New Zealand subsidiaries of six Japanese parent companies. The case studies provided further insights into the subsidiary-parent relationship. This research seeks contribution to the internationalization literature by offering a new useful framework for the examination of the parent-subsidiary link. The self-identity of Japanese subsidiaries was found to give meaning to the parental relationship as perceived by the subsidiary. This relationship was influenced by the subsidiary�s country location, the industry in which the subsidiary operates, and the presence of expatriate management in the subsidiary. This research also found significant commonalities among the perceptions of parental influence in all Japanese subsidiaries involved in the study. The observed commonalities indicate that Japanese companies might have moved away from the internationalization processes ascribed to them by previous academic research. The change triggered by collapse of stock markets in mid-1990s has resulted to a recent reduction of expatriate staff reported little parental guidance, independence, and the strong self-identification of subsidiaries with their local environment. Keywords Internationalization, Japanese Multinational Company, Subsidiary, Czech Republic, New Zealand, Information, Parent-Subsidiary Relationship

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Miller, Laura Jean. "Population mixing and the geographical epidemiology of childhood leukaemia and type 1 diabetes in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1530.

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Over the past twenty years the incidence of both childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and type 1 diabetes have risen in many developed countries, including New Zealand. Although the explanations for this increase and the precise aetiology of both diseases remain unclear, environmental factors are thought to be important. One factor receiving increasing attention is the role of infections introduced through population mixing. However, previous studies on this topic show mixed results and population mixing itself tends to be under-theorised. Furthermore, this issue has not been adequately assessed in New Zealand, a country characterised by high levels of population mobility. In this research, a variety of population mixing measures for small areas in New Zealand were developed. National data on ALL registrations were obtained from the New Zealand Cancer Registry, and regional type 1 diabetes data were obtained from the Canterbury Diabetes Register for the Canterbury Region of the South Island. The analyses were undertaken in three stages. First, standardised incidence ratios of each disease were examined at different geographical and temporal scales, between areas of differing socioeconomic status, and in urban and rural New Zealand. Second, cluster analysis was employed to test for spatial-temporal clustering of the two diseases. Finally, multivariate regression analyses were utilised to investigate the association between each disease and the various measures of population mixing at the area-level. The results reveal similarities in the geographical epidemiology of childhood ALL and type 1 diabetes in New Zealand. The majority of the findings were suggestive of an infectious aetiology for both diseases. In addition, higher incidence of both diseases was observed in areas which increased the most in population mixing over short time periods (6/7 years). Furthermore, raised type 1 diabetes incidence was also associated with high population mixing in early life.

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Frederiksen, Andrew. "The effects of parental control on decisions for Christ a study of new believers in contempoary [sic] Taiwan /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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Paul, de Cock Theodor. "Early environmental factors in psychosis : childhood traumatic events and a new typology of the early parent-child relationship." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530091.

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Lau, Winnie Yu Pow. "Living in New Zealand with a child with special needs : the perception and experiences of Chinese immigrants : a dissertation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2885.

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This study aims to understand the Chinese immigrant parents' perception towards their children's special needs, based on the social constructionism ideology and to capture the essence of their experiences living in Christchurch, New Zealand. These experiences have been presented with a narrative inquiry approach. The researcher draws on personal and social interactions throughout the research in learning about this topic. Seven Chinese families with children with special needs were recruited, four through word of mouth and three through a special school. Mothers of these seven families were interviewed using open-ended questions. The open ended research plan led to four phases in this study. The first phase involved carrying out a brief survey among practitioners in Christchurch to understand the contemporary issues regarding working with Chinese families with children with special needs. The second phase included investigation of the connotation of special needs in Mandarin terms. The third phase consisted of recruitment and interviews with the first four families, and then in the final phase, with another three families. Themes emerged from the data included: Parenting practices, the role relationships within the family unit, the perceived important skills for the child, parental investments, familial support, social support and professional support. These themes were incorporated into two parts: The primacy of the family unit, and Support. The centrality of parenthood in Chinese society in terms of the cyclic enactment of acceptance, and responsibility was highlighted. With one exception, the parents in this study reported engaging in different activities including learning about the child's disorder, carrying out intervention at home and adjusting the family lifestyle to the child's needs. The parental investment indicated parental resilience in facing the child's problem. The findings of the study were used to draw out commonmyths the professionals have regarding Chinese families with children with special needs, and to suggest strategies for more appropriate services and areas of future research.

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Provan, Sally Elizabeth. "The Uncanny Place of the Bad Mother and the Innocent Child at the Heart of New Zealand’s ‘Cultural Identity’." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7393.

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This thesis is a study of dominant forms of Pākehā banal nationalism within Aotearoa/New Zealand. A diverse range of contemporary non-fiction texts from Aotearoa/ New Zealand are analysed in order to explore the ways in which notions of a ‘New Zealand national identity’ are created. These texts include television programmes, advertisements, opinion columns, editorials and letters to the editor. The analysis of these texts reveals a complex circulation of ideas around innocence and guilt, history and nostalgia, childhood and good motherhood/bad motherhood. These ideas, as this thesis demonstrates, are central to the functioning of nationalism. Yet they also serve as a focus for the anxieties of nationalism: anxieties which arise from the impossibility of securing the desired nation. Drawing on Freudian psychoanalytic concepts such as repression and projection, and on Kristeva’s notion of abjection, this thesis examines the way in which attempts to secure a comfortable, homelike nation are forever undermined by the return of repressed elements of the nation’s past and present. Within Pākehā nationalism, a nostalgic vision of a unified, innocent, childlike nation is used as a defence against undesired knowledge of national disunity. National discomforts, which are generated by the impossibility of repressing the nation’s history, are projected onto those assigned an abject position in the nation. As a result of this process of projection, mediated by the association of national identity with childhood and home, the fantasised figure of the ‘bad Maori mother’ emerges as the ultimate uncanny element within the nation.

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Kang, Youngjin, Lawrence Ganong, and Kwangman Ko. "Divorced Parents’ Perceived Benefits and Risks Associated with Dating Disclosures and Introducing New Partners to Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5837.

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Parents’ new dating relationships after divorce are stressful to both parents and children, particularly when this relationship transition is quickly followed by divorce before family members adjust to new changes. Although parents’ new relationships and dating information are considered to occur at some point, relatively little is known about how divorced parents decide when, how much, and what to share with children. Guided by communication privacy management theory (CPM; Petronio, 2010), we explored if divorced parents’ perceived benefits and risks are associated with the timing of dating disclosures and introduction of new dating partners. Findings suggest that the timing of disclosures and introduction of parents’ dating partners are likely to be affected by parents’ evaluation of possible outcomes. Implications will be discussed. Objectives - To examine the association of divorced parents’ perceived benefits and risks of dating with the timing of dating disclosures. - To examine the association of divorced parents/ perceived benefits and risks of dating and the timing of when new dating partners are introduced to children. - To explore divorced parents’ perceived benefits and risks of dating.

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Hammond-Rowley, Sara. "The teddy bear's picnic : a study comparing 5 year old children's responses to a new narrative measure, with parent and teacher rated psychological problems and global concern." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-teddy-bears-picnic--a-study-comparing-5-year-old-childrens-responses-to-a-new-narrative-measure-with-parent-and-teacher-rated-psychological-problems-and-global-concern(f4403ed4-ab23-4ed7-95fd-76ab0def0af7).html.

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This study explored the reliability and discriminant validity of a new narrative measure, the Teddy Bear's Picnic (Mueller, 1996), in a small non-clinical community sample of 5 year olds (n=35). The measure is designed for use with young children, and reveals internally represented psychosocial themes through the use of a story telling technique. The Teddy Bear's Picnic measure consists of nine incomplete story stems which are administered to children individually, using a range of age appropriate toys and props. Each story is based on an imaginative scenario involving a family of toy bears. Children are presented with the stories in a specific order, each of which poses an unresolved hypothetical conflict; following which they are asked to complete the unfinished story in response to the prompt "what happens next? " Concurrent parent and teacher measures were gathered as part of a larger ongoing study in the same community. Parents and teachers were asked to complete a brief 25 item rating scale, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ: Goodman, 1997), and one categorical question asking them to rate level of concern about the child's behaviour (based on the work of Stallard, 1995). The study aimed to examine the associations between coded thematic material generated from the Teddy Bear's Picnic, and parent and teacher rated behaviour problems and global concern about behaviour. Associations were all in the expected direction, but not statistically significant. Inter-rater reliability was acceptable for total positive theme scores (r = . 91, p < . 001), and approached acceptability for negative total theme scores(r = . 58, p < . 05). Problems were particularly apparent in the use of TBP composite total scores. Internal consistency of total theme scores and factor based subscale scores (derived from Mueller, 1996), revealed low alpha coefficients (alpha = . 42 -. 59). Discriminant function analysis demonstrated that in this study, the TBP was unable to correctly classify children into parent and teacher rated groupings, based on both measures. Further studies would benefit from larger samples than were available to Mueller (1996) and the present study. However, the measure appears promising as a method for eliciting psychologically relevant themes from young children, but findings suggest that further work is required in developing its psychometric properties.

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Burgering, Wendy Helen Miller. "Reacting to a ‘Discovered’ Social Problem Through Organisational Adaptation: Case Studies of Child Sexual Abuse Investigation of Seven New Zealand Police Districts." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1963.

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Organisations operate in an environment buffeted by social change. Child sexual abuse became publicly recognised as a social problem from 1986. The first part of this thesis examines public awareness of, and interest in child sexual abuse, how child sexual abuse arose in New Zealand, the influence of international "moral entrepreneurs" in shaping this recognition and the activities of local "moral entrepreneurs"' including some police officers, in assisting the move of child sexual abuse from the private to the public arena. The second part of this thesis examines organisational change and whether the causes for organisational change are environmentally or managerially driven. Or is it, as this thesis suggests a combination of both. This thesis takes these theoretical arguments and applies them to the process of organisational change that occurred in the New Zealand Police Department, from the development and implementation of the National Abuse Policy for the investigation of child sexual abuse and serious physical abuse. The third part of this thesis examines the interlinking between the main theoretical foci, organisational change and the construction of a social problem. The results of an investigation from key staff, Police and other agency personnel, from seven New Zealand Police Department Districts, interviewed in three waves over a two and a half year period, are reported. The total number of key staff from each wave was 93, 80 and 68. The results of the first part of the thesis is that through effective lobbying by the women's movement and child protection groups child sexual abuse has become a recognised social problem. In the second part of the thesis the following were found to be crucial factors in the shaping of organisational responses to child sexual abuse: The role of middle managers in the implementation of organisational change policies in assigning or not assigning appropriate resources. The role of the top management in the ownership of organisational change policies the procedures. Continual staff turnover and the policy of staff rotation limited the successful implementation and continued support for the National Abuse Policy. This factor, staff turn over and/or rotation, will impact on the success of any organisational change policy. The extent of the training provisions for police officers at all levels within the organisation and the maintenance of that training at a national and district level. Acceptance of the multidisciplinary investigative approach which differed from more traditional policing approaches. The internal and external pressure on the Police to implement and maintain a high profile response in the child sexual abuse field. The results of the third part of the thesis is that the Police Department played a role in the public recognition of child sexual abuse as a social problem and as a result had to implement an operational response through the development of a National Abuse Policy.

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Park, Yaeun Kyung. "Improving understanding of music therapy with a non-verbal child: sharing perceptions with other professionals : a research presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Music Therapy at New Zealand School of Music, Wellington, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/999.

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This study explored the value of music therapy practice with a non-verbal child conducted by the author, a Music Therapy Student (MTS), as seen through the eyes of two music therapists and the child’s mother, as well as the improvement achieved in the MTS’s understanding of music therapy practice through sharing the three professionals’ insights. The paper addresses two research questions: (1) How is music therapy with a non-verbal child perceived by music therapy professionals? (2) How does sharing these professionals’ understanding of music therapy improve the MTS’s understanding of this therapeutic process? The MTS’s self-reflections were treated as part of the data in this research, as was the non-verbal communication within the music therapy intervention to support the findings. The qualitative research, ‘Naturalistic inquiry’ was used for this research. Data was collected by interviewing these three professionals individually about their perceptions of music therapy after watching three video extracts of normal music therapy sessions with the child. The video extracts were selected from the significant moments of non-verbal communication. Through this process of sharing the professionals’ perceptions, the MTS gained a deeper understanding of both the child and the music therapy practice administered, confirming and extending her understanding of the musical and therapeutic skills and techniques of the three professionals, which they had gained in their varied experiences and which had been shaped by their varied backgrounds. The MTS was thus engaged in a learning process which hoped would enhance the quality of therapy provided by her in the future.

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Gottlieb, Laurie Naomi 1946. "Parental responsiveness and firstborn girls' adaptation to a new sibling." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72075.

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This study investigated firstborns' adjustment and responsiveness to a new sibling and parents' responsiveness to their firstborn before and after the second child's birth. Parental responsiveness was also examined in the context of predicting firstborns' adjustment and responsiveness to the sibling. Fifty families with firstborn daughters (26-55 mo) were visited at home 6-10 weeks before and 5-6 weeks after the sibling's birth. After the sibling's birth, young firstborns were more distressed than old firstborns; however, prenatal distress was the best predictor of postnatal distress. Old and young firstborns showed different patterns of responsiveness to brothers and sisters. In terms of parental responsiveness, firstborns perceived mothers as more responsive after the birth than before, while their perceptions of fathers remained unchanged. Mothers gave less support after the birth, particularly to old firstborns. Although fathers' support remained unchanged postnatally, fathers gave the least support to old firstborns with brothers. Time spent by mothers with firstborns decreased from before to after the birth, while fathers' time increased. Continuity was found for parental support but not for parental involvement, especially by fathers. Parental support was associated with low postnatal distress while parental caregiving was related to high postnatal distress. Prenatal maternal responsiveness and postnatal paternal responsiveness predicted postnatal distress. Firstborns' perceptions of parental responsiveness were generally associated with firstborns' responsiveness to the sibling. The results were discussed in terms of family-systems theory and stress-coping theory.

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Atwool, Nicola, and n/a. "Who cares? : the role of attachment assessments in decision-making for children in care." University of Otago. Children's Issues Centre, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081212.143625.

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In this practice-based research the use of attachment assessments to assist with decision-making about the placement of children in State care is explored. In Aotearoa New Zealand care and protection legislation emphasises the importance of working with families. The central decision-making forum is the Family Group Conference where families, their support people and statutory social workers come together to work out a plan for children considered to be in need of care and protection. This research focused on conflicted situations where agreement could not be reached about where children should live. The research was structured around one over-arching objective: the examination of a specific aspect of practice, namely the use of attachment assessments in decision-making, with a view to identifying elements of best practice. Within this were three other objectives: an exploration of the impact of attachment assessments on decision-making processes; an exploration of the experience of participants in this process; and an examination of perceived outcomes for children who have an assessment completed. In order to achieve these objectives the historical and cultural context influencing these decision-making processes was explored; the theoretical framework underpinning the use of attachment assessments was critically examined; recent literature on children�s experience in foster care was reviewed; the role of assessment in decision-making was explored; and the use of attachment assessments was evaluated from the perspective of social work practitioners. The outcomes of this research indicate that attachment assessments are theoretically sound processes, which provide relevant information that facilitates decision-making in conflicted situations and the achievement of positive outcomes for children. It was, however, found that attachment assessments have an indirect influence by providing a pivotal point in the decision-making process rather than a direct impact. A number of variables influencing outcomes for children were identified and explored: availability of suitable placements; management of contact with birth family; provision of support networks including attention to ongoing cultural connectedness; and support through adolescence. Children�s absence from participation in decision-making was highlighted. I conclude with an outline of guidelines for best practice.

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Decker, Jonathan W. "A new measure of parental self-efficacy for enacting healthy lifestyles in their children." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4519.

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Future use and further evaluation of this new measure is warranted.; The issue of childhood obesity has become a pandemic of increasing prevalence and concern. Many behaviors contributing to overweight and obesity, such as dietary intake and physical activity, are learned in childhood. It is known that parents are key agents for change in their children. Therefore, interventions aimed at decreasing childhood overweight and obesity should be targeted at parents. Many parents state that they know the healthy dietary and physical activity behaviors they should adopt for their children, but lack the confidence, or self-efficacy, to enact these behaviors. A review of the literature for self-efficacy for behaviors in these domains in parents, adults and children uncovered many key elements involved. A search for an instrument to measure parental self-efficacy was unsuccessful in locating such an instrument, so several instruments in related domains were analyzed for content and utility for the generation of a new questionnaire. A 34-item questionnaire to measure parental self-efficacy for enacting healthy dietary and physical activity behaviors in their children 6-11 years old was developed and tested with a sample of 146 parents of children 6-11 years old, who could read and write English and had access to a computer with the internet. Internal reliability of the total scale was 0.94 and the two factors, dietary behaviors (DB) and physical activity behaviors (PAB) were 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. Test-retest reliability was also significant (pless than]0.05) for individual item responses and total and subscale scores in 25 participants after 5-10 days. Factor analysis resulted in two interpretable factors (DB and PAB) which accounted for 25.3% and 16.8% of the variance, respectively. All items correlated more strongly with items on their respective subscales. Concurrent validity with theoretically similar scales was also demonstrated. This new measure was reliable and valid in this sample of parents of children 6-11 years old.
ID: 028916674; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-119).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Nursing

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McKay, Melanie Easley. "Parenting Practices in Emerging Adulthood: Development of a New Measure." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1359.pdf.

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Wilkinson, Catherine Joy. "Reflections and analysis to improve clinical practice : a student music therapist's journey with a preschool child with special needs : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Therapy at the New Zealand School of Music, Wellington, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/858.

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This qualitative study critically examines the researcher’s music therapy clinical practice with a preschool child with global developmental delay. The researcher/student music therapist critically examined and refined her clinical practice using an action research model. Each cycle consisted of a plan, action, data collection, reflection, and analysis. The researcher was the main participant. The child, his mother and a speech-language therapist were co-participants with different roles. The child and his mother participated in the sessions. The speech-language therapist observed three sessions through a window. Feedback from the child’s mother and the speech-language therapist contributed to the reflective data. Important issues that developed through the cycles related to early intervention techniques (having fun, being playful and spontaneous, and being in close proximity). Other important issues that developed were, the use of the voice and guitar; confidence; professionalism with parents and other health professionals; self-awareness; and the understanding of early childhood development (especially in the area of communication). Related literature on aspects of music therapy practice, music therapy in early intervention, music therapy and communication, and action research are described. These results cannot be generalised. However, they may firstly, illustrate relevant trends in early intervention, and secondly, enable the researcher to adapt skills learnt to use in future practice in early intervention

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Ivey-Soto, Mona C. 1979. "Examining the utility of a new caregiver-completed social emotional assessment, the Social Emotional Assessment Measure, with diverse low-income parent-toddler dyads." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9218.

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xvi, 200 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Early social emotional competence has been linked to school readiness, decreased challenging behaviors, and positive relationships with family and peers. Despite this compelling research, more young children are displaying increasingly challenging behaviors and poor social emotional outcomes, often linked to factors associated with poverty. An important component in addressing this issue is programmatic implementation of high quality, practitioner- and family-friendly assessment measures. It is critical that young children who may be at risk for early mental health concerns be identified early and the necessary interventions and goals be established to ensure that healthy relationships and positive behaviors result. The Social Emotional Assessment IV Measure (SEAM) is a new parent/caregiver-completed assessment measure that identifies key components necessary in assessing social emotional competence. This descriptive study closely examines the utility of the Toddler SEAM within a low income, diverse sample. The Toddler SEAM was tested with 50 diverse low-income parents/caregivers in order to establish baseline data and provide researchers with important feedback regarding the psychometric properties of SEAM. One hundred percent of study participants indicated that the SEAM is a beneficial measure and would be an important tool for themselves and other parents who want to learn more about children's social emotional development. Forty-eight participants (96%) felt that SEAM items were useful in teaching them more about their child's social emotional development. Forty-four participants (88%) felt that SEAM items were clear and easy to understand. Qualitative feedback was gathered regarding methods by which to improve SEAM items (i.e., wording, content) in order to make it more parent-friendly and comprehensive. The Toddler SEAM was also compared with the ASQ:SE, a social emotional screening tool with established reliability and validity within risk and non-risk populations. Correlations between the ASQ:SE 18-, 24-, 30- and 36-month intervals and the Toddler SEAM were all significant (p < .05). Internal consistency was high with a Cronbach's alpha level of .92, indicating that the SEAM is likely measuring the unitary construct of social emotional development.
Adviser: Jane Squires

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Gang, Na-Hyun. "Action research: an exploration of a music therapy student's journey of establishing a therapeutic relationship with a child with autistic spectrum disorder in music therapy : a research dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Music Therapy at New Zealand School of Music, Wellington, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1155.

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This action research project examines the researcher’s journey of establishing a therapeutic relationship with a child with autism spectrum disorder during her practicum. Children with ASD present difficulty in communication and social relationship skills. As a student in training with a limited experience, the researcher had uncertainty and low confidence with regard to her clinical and professional skills which affected her work. In this project, the researcher has examined her own process of music therapy with a child with ASD and shows how she was able to improve her practice and therefore establish meaningful and effective therapeutic relationships with this client population and obtain valuable learning through the training. The study was conducted at a dedicated therapy centre in New Zealand where the researcher was in placement. A total of seven, thirty-minute weekly individual music therapy sessions and four supervision sessions were employed. This process was adapted into the design of action cycles which involved the repeated process of planning, action and evaluation. In-depth analysis of the researcher’s work was carried out throughout the cycles, using clinical notes, journal excerpts, supervision notes and video recordings of the sessions. The findings suggest that the researcher was able to improve her practice while attempting to build a therapeutic relationship with the client. Various clinical and personal issues arose such as uncertainty about improvisation, and lack of confidence in professional skills including communicating with parents, which led to disjunction and burnout symptoms. Discussions in supervision aided in in-depth reflection of the researcher’s work as well as emotional support. The researcher could ultimately develop ‘internal supervisor’ and was able to use independent strategies to help develop her work. Implications for training include making personal therapy a compulsory course requirement, providing training on professional skills, and student support groups. Future research may investigate the effectiveness of verbal input in music therapy and the emotional stages of parents.

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Whitworth, Adam. "Work, care and social inclusion : lone motherhood under New Labour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670080.

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Frerichs, Gundrun. "Balancing recognition and disrespect recovery as the process of identity formation : a New Zealand study of how services shape recovery from sexual abuse : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), 2007 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/344.

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Titchener, Sharyn. "Entering unknown territory : exploring the impact on indigenous field researchers when conducting gender based violence and child abuse research in the Solomon Islands : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Philosophy in Social Work, Massey University, New Zealand." Massey University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1318.

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This study explores the reflective experiences of indigenous field researchers who were involved in conducting the first population representative research study on gender-based violence and child abuse in the Solomon Islands. The purpose of this thesis study was to gain an understanding and insight into the field researchers’ perceptions of the positive and negative impacts such involvement may have had on their lives. The term ‘impact’ was applied holistically and focus was given to whether negative impacts were mitigated by the positive benefits that may be present from being involved in such research. The research study design was exploratory and qualitative in nature, underpinned by a phenomenological approach. The participants were 29 Solomon Island women who had been employed in the role of ‘field researcher’ for the Solomon Island Family Health and Safety Study. Data collection methods included the use of both in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Eleven interviews were conducted using a semi-structured approach. Three focus group discussions were facilitated, with the assistance of an open-ended questionnaire guideline. The findings identified a number of themes that emerged from the data collected. The themes highlighted primary impacts that included an emotional, physical and life-changing dimension. There was a pattern where different themes were more prevalent, dependent on what phase of the ‘research journey’ that the researchers’ were reflecting on. A significant finding was that although field researchers’ primarily reported negative impacts, they all unanimously stated that they would be interested in being involved in conducting research on violence against women and children in the future. These findings not only suggest that the positive benefits from being involved in such research mitigated the many negative impacts as reported by the field researchers, but also suggest that through being involved with such research, they developed an increased commitment within their own communities to assist in reducing violence against women and children. Conducting research on violence against women and children in a developing post-conflict country brings with it many physical and emotional challenges for indigenous field researchers. It is essential that field researchers are provided with considerable support during all phases of the research study. The application of ethical and safety standards needs to reflect the unique characteristics of the country where the study is being conducted, taking into account the situational and ambient dangers that field researchers may be confronted with during their time in the field.

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Gilliland, Tamara. "Marriage Moments: A New Approach to Strengthening Couples' Relationship Through the Transition to Parenthood." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1131.

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Strengthening marriages is important to the well-being of individuals, families and communities. The transition to parenthood brings with it particular risks and opportunities for marriage relationships, yet no interventions have been successful in accessing a large number of couples during this critical time prepare and strengthen them for the challenges of becoming parents. The healthcare system has an established education infrastructure (childbirth education) that interacts with a significant number of couples during the transition to parenthood and has become increasingly open to incorporating relationship strengthening efforts into existing programs. The Marriage Moments program was designed to access couples through this system. This new approach to marriage education employs a program design unique in three ways: the context of childbirth education, a low-intensity content based on a model of marital virtues, and a simple, self-administered format of materials that gives the program great flexibility and transportability that can be implemented in a variety of existing systems. Initial formative program evaluation data show that the program is well received by participating couples. Marriage Moments is currently being pilot tested to evaluate its effectiveness in strengthening marriage through the transition, but it is expected the program will be disseminated widely and reach numerous couples as they transition to parenthood.

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Gang, Na-Hyun. "Action research : an exploration of a music therapy student's journey of establishing a therapeutic relationship with a child with autistic spectrum disorder in music therapy : a thesis submitted to the New Zealand School of Music in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Therapy /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1081.

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Svedberg, Marie. "Kvinnors upplevelse av barnhälsovården : vid hembesök de första två månaderna." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42314.

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Bakgrund: Barnhälsovården har funnits i Sverige sedan 1937, sedan dess är flera studier gjorda för att utveckla barnhälsovården och stärka föräldraskapet. Tidigt hembesök stärker relationen mellan förälder och BVC sköterska och är uppskattat av föräldrarna. Syfte: Syftet med examensarbetet var att jämföra förstföderskor och omföderskors förväntningar och upplevelser av barnhälsovårdens innehåll de första två månaderna. Metod: Prospektiv longitudinell kohortstudie användes och resulterade i projekt ”Föda barn i Västernorrland”, delmaterial från de två inledande frågetillfällena, från mitten av graviditeten och uppföljande två månader efter barnet fötts, ingick i examensarbetet. Resultat: I examensarbetet inkluderades 918 kvinnor, jämförelse gjordes mellan förstföderskor och omföderskor som visade att förstföderskor värderade subjektiv upplevelse, (SU) lägre än omföderskor, lika så upplevd verklighet (UV) i alla frågor men när det gällde prata BB—vård och få stöd och råd de första två månaderna fanns ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan förstföderskor och omföderskor. Balanserad kvalitet eller mer bedömde förstföderskor och omföderskor i frågan om att få prata om föräldrarollen samt att få ställa egna frågor. Slutsats. En betydande stor del av förstföderskorna upplevde bristande kvalitet vid information om amning/uppfödning samt när det gällde att få prata förlossning och BB—vård,vilket bör studeras ytterligare.
Background: Child health services have been in place in Sweden since 1937, since then has several studies been done to develop child health care and strengthen parenting. Early home visits strengthen the relationship between parent and child health care nurse and appreciated by the parents. Aim: The aim of the degree project was to compare first-time mothers and women who are a multiple expectations and experiences of the contents of child health care during the first two months. Method: Prospective longitudinal cohort study was used and resulted in project "Giving birth in Västernorrland", submaterial from the two initial questions, from the middle of pregnancy and follow-up two months after the child was born, was included in the degree project. Results: The degree project included 918 women, a comparison was made between first-time mothers and women who are a multiple which showed that first-time mothers valued Subjective experience (SU) lower than women who are a multiple. Perceived reality (UV) in all matters but when it came to talking BB care and getting support and advice the first two months significant difference between first-time mothers and women who are a multiple. Balanced quality or more assessed first-time mothers and women who are a multiple on the issue of getting to talk about the parental role and to ask their own questions Conclusion: A significant proportion of first-time mothers experienced a lack of quality in information about breastfeeding/rearing, as well as in getting to talk about childbirth and postpartum care, which should be studied further.

Godkännandedatum: 2020-11-23

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Crengle, Suzanne Marie. "The management of children's asthma in primary care : Are there ethnic differences in care?" Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/4957.

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Whole document restricted until August 2010, see Access Instructions file below for details of how to access the print copy.
Abstract Background Asthma is a common problem in New Zealand, and is associated with significant morbidity and costs to children, their families, and wider society. Previously published New Zealand literature suggested that Māori and Pacific children were less likely than NZ European children to receive asthma medications and elements of asthma education, had poorer knowledge of asthma, and experienced greater morbidity and hospitalisations. However, none of the previous literature had been specifically designed to assess the nature of asthma care in the community, or to specifically answer whether there were ethnic disparities in care. A systematic review of studies published in the international literature that compared asthma management among different ethnic groups drawn from community-based samples was undertaken. The results of this review suggested that minority ethnic group children were less likely to receive elements of asthma medication use, asthma education and self-management (action) plans. Objectives The primary objectives of the study were to: • describe the use of medications, medication delivery systems, asthma education, and self-management plans in primary care for Māori, Pacific, and Other ethnic group children • ascertain whether there were any ethnic disparities in the use of medications, medication delivery systems, asthma education, and self-management plans in primary care after controlling for differences in socio-economic position and other potential confounders. Secondary objectives were to: • describe the asthma-related utilisation of GP, after hours medical care, emergency departments, and hospital admissions among Māori, Pacific, and Other ethnic group children with asthma • ascertain whether differences in medication use, the provision of asthma education, and the provision of self-management plans explained ethnic differences in health service utilisation. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Auckland, New Zealand. The caregivers of 647 children who were aged 2–14 years, had a diagnosis of asthma or experienced ‘wheeze or whistling in the chest’, and had experienced symptoms in the previous 12 months were identified using random residential address start points and door knocking. Ethnically stratified sampling ratios were used to ensure that approximately equal numbers of children of Māori, Pacific and Other ethnicity were enrolled into the study. A face-to-face interview was conducted with the caregivers of these children. Data was collected about: socio-demographic factors; asthma morbidity; asthma medications and delivery devices; exposure to, and experiences of, asthma education and asthma action plans; and asthma-related health services utilisation. Results In this study, the caregivers of 647 eligible children were invited to participate and 583 completed the interview, giving an overall completion rate of 90.1%. There were no ethnic differences in completion rates. The overall use of inhaled corticosteroid medications had increased since previous New Zealand research was published. Multivariable modelling that adjusted for potential confounders did not identify ethnic differences in the use of inhaled corticosteroids or oral steroids. Some findings about medication delivery mechanisms indicated that care was not consistent with guidelines. About 15% of participants reported they had not received asthma education from a primary care health professional. After adjusting for potential confounders there were no ethnic differences in the likelihood of having received asthma education from a health professional. Among those participants who had received education from a primary care health professional, significantly fewer Māori and Pacific caregivers reported receiving education about asthma triggers, pathophysiology and action plans. Lower proportions of Pacific (77.7%; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 70.3, 85.1) and Māori (79.8%; 95% CI 73.6, 85.9) caregivers were given information about asthma triggers compared to Other caregivers (89.2%; 95% CI 84.9, 93.6; p=0.01). Fewer Māori (63.6%; 95% CI 55.7, 71.4) and Pacific (68.1%; 95% CI 60.1, 76.1) caregivers reported receiving information about pathophysiology (Other 75.9%; 95% CI 69.5, 82.3; p=0.05). Information about asthma action plans had been given to 22.7% (95% CI 15.5, 29.9) of Pacific and 32.9% (95% CI 25.3, 40.6) of Māori compared to Other participants (36.5%; 95% CI 28.6, 44.3; p=0.04). In addition, fewer Māori (64.2%; 95% CI 56.1, 72.3) and Pacific (68.5%; 95% CI 60.1, 77.0) reported that the information they received was clear and easy to understand (Other 77.9%; 95% CI 71.8, 84.1; p=0.03). About half of those who had received education from a health professional reported receiving further education and, after adjustment for potential confounders, Pacific caregivers were less likely to have been given further education (odds ratio 0.57; 95% confidence interval 0.33, 0.96). A minority of participants (35.3%) had heard about action plans and, after adjustment for potential confounders, Pacific caregivers were less likely to have heard about these plans (odds ratio 0.54; 95% confidence interval 0.33, 0.96). About 10% of the sample was considered to have a current action plan. The mean number of visits to a GP for acute and routine asthma care (excluding after-hours doctors and medical services) in the previous twelve months were significantly higher for Pacific (3.89; CI 3.28, 4.60) and Māori (3.56; CI 3.03, 4.16) children than Other ethnic group children (2.47; CI 2.11, 2.85; p<0.0001). Multivariable modelling of health service utilization outcomes (‘number of GP visits for acute and routine asthma care in the previous twelve months’, ‘high use of hospital emergency departments’, and ‘hospital admissions’) showed that adjustment for potential confounding and asthma management variables reduced, but did not fully explain, ethnic differences in these outcomes. Māori children experienced 22% more GP visits and Pacific children 28% more visits than Other children (p=0.05). Other variables that were significantly associated with a higher number of GP visits were: regular source of care they always used (regression coefficient (RC) 0.24; p<0.01); lower household income (RC 0.31; p=0.004) and having a current action plan (RC 0.38; p=0.006). Increasing age (RC -0.04; p=0.003), a lay source of asthma education (RC -0.41; p=0.001), and higher scores on asthma management scenario (RC -0.03; p=0.05) were all associated with a lower number of GP visits. Pacific (odds ratio (OR) 6.93; 95% CI 2.40, 19.98) and Māori (OR 2.60; 95% CI 0.87, 8.32) children were more likely to have used an emergency department for asthma care in the previous twelve months (p=0.0007). Other variables that had a significant effect on the use of EDs in the multivariable model were: not speaking English in the home (OR 3.72; 95% CI 1.52, 9.09; p=0.004), male sex (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.15, 5.15; p=0.02), and having a current action plan (OR 7.85; 95% CI 3.49, 17.66; p<0.0001). Increasing age was associated with a reduced likelihood of using EDs (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.81, 1.00; p=0.05). Hospitalisations were more likely in the Pacific (OR 8.94; 95% CI 2.25, 35.62) and Māori (OR 5.40; 95% CI 1.28, 23.06) ethnic groups (p=0.007). Four other variables had a significant effect on hospital admissions in the multivariable model. Participants who had a low income (OR 3.70; 95% CI 1.49, 9.18; p=0.005), and those who had a current action plan (OR 8.39; 95% CI 3.85, 18.30; p<0.0001) were more likely to have been admitted to hospital in the previous 12 months. Increasing age (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.80, 0.98; p=0.02) and parental history of asthma (OR 0.39; 95% CI 0.18, 0.85; p=0.02) were associated with reduced likelihood of admission. Conclusions The study is a robust example of cross-sectional design and has high internal validity. The study population is representative of the population of children with asthma in the community. The three ethnic groups are also considered to be representative of those ethnic groups in the community. The study, therefore, has good representativeness and the findings of the study can be generalised to the wider population of children with asthma in the Auckland region. The results suggested that some aspects of pharmacological management were more consistent with guideline recommendations than in the past. However, given the higher burden of disease experienced by Māori and Pacific children, the lack of observed ethnic differences in the use of preventative medications may reflect under treatment relative to need. There are important ethnic differences in the provision of asthma education and action plans. Future approaches to improving care should focus on interventions to assist health professionals to implement guideline recommendations and to monitor ethnic disparities in their practice. Asthma education that is comprehensive, structured and delivered in ways that are effective for the people concerned is needed.

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Chesney, Anna. "Exposure to childhood physical abuse and later parenting outcomes : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology in the University of Canterbury /." 2006. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20070730.112541.

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Woods, Martin. "Parental resistance : mobile and transitory discourses : a discursive analysis of parental resistance towards medical treatment for a seriously ill child : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1585.

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This qualitative thesis uses discourse analysis to examine parental resistance towards medical treatment of critically ill children. It is an investigation of the 'mobile and transitory' discourses at play in instances of resistance between parents, physicians and nurses within health care institutions, and an examination of the consequences of resistance through providing alternative ways of perceiving and therefore understanding these disagreements. The philosophical perspectives, methodology and methods used in this thesis are underpinned by selected ideas taken from the works of Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu and supported by relevant literature in the fields of media, law, children, parenting, caring, serious childhood illness, medicine and nursing. The thesis obtains information from a variety of texts that includes established literature (such as medical, sociological, legal, academic and philosophical), newspaper articles, radio or television interviews, internet sources, court reports and proceedings, legal experts and other commentators - and 15 interview based texts, where the focus is on analyses of narratives of parents, doctors and nurses. In the texts gathered for this thesis, there are noticeable differences between the personal experience discourses of parents, the 'in-between' discourses of nurses, and the disciplined discourses of physicians. This thesis brings these discourses into conversation with each other suggesting that parental resistance does not occur because of an infrequent and unusual set of circumstances where a few socially isolated and/or 'difficult' parents disagree with the treatment desires of paediatric physicians. Instead, it is argued that from an examination of interview based texts, parental resistance is an omnipresent but transitory occurrence that affects many of the interactions between the parents of seriously ill children and clinical staff. It is maintained that within these interactions, the seeds of this resistance are sown in both critical decision making situations and in everyday occurrences between doctors, nurses and parents within healthcare institutions. Contributing factors to parental resistance include the use of power games by staff, the language of medicine, forms of symbolic violence, the presence or absence of trust between parents and medical staff, the effects of medical habitus, and challenges to the parental role and identity. Overall, it is proposed in this thesis that parents who resist treatment for their seriously ill child are not exceptions to the normative patient-physician relationship. Instead an analysis of their discourses and practices is able to illuminate the complex interactions between patients and medical conventions. It is therefore possible to see parents who resist medical advice not as peripheral to the medical encounter but as examples of how patient-physician relationships come to be codified, constructed and crafted through everyday discourses and practices within health care settings.

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Pocknall, Helen. "Hide and seek : parents' perspectives on children's access to health care : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Nursing at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1282.

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Children are often referred to as the 'hidden' generation, a powerless group who in infancy and childhood depend on their parents and families/whanau to ensure they receive everything in life required to enable them to grow into healthy young people and adults. Some are more disadvantaged than others due to the socioeconomic circumstances they grow up in. This can have lasting effects on their health in childhood with associated impacts later in life. In New Zealand the populations of children most disadvantaged are those from Maori, Pacific and other low income families/whanau. The disparities that exist between children from these populations and other groups whilst lessening, is still significant. The purpose of this study was to explore with Maori, Pacific and low income parents and caregivers why they choose to 'seek' health services for their children, or not as the case may be. Patterns of use are established early in life therefore it is important to understand children's health care use. The literature suggests that children's access to health care is influenced by predisposing factors such as their socioeconomic status, ethnicity, the availability of services, choice of providers, availability of school–based health services, outreach services, relationships between the community and health service providers and having a regular source of primary health care. A qualitative exploratory design was the methodology chosen for this research. A modified 'community as partner' model (Anderson, 2008) formed the conceptual framework for the research. Sixteen Maori, Pacific and Pakeha parents and caregivers participated in three focus groups to discuss their perceptions of children's access to health care. Thematic analysis was used to identify codes, categories, themes and sub themes from the data. The New Zealand Child Health Strategy (Ministry of Health, 1998) was used as a model to inform the discussion. The main themes were: reality of life, visibility, knowing you, knowing me and kids come first. The findings suggest that relationships with primary health care providers, the cost of health care for children over five years, awareness of services and a need to prioritise children's needs, enable or prevent children's access to health care. Decisions made regarding further service provision for children will be enhanced by health providers and practitioners having a clearer understanding of the enablers and barriers to access and the factors that influence parental choice of services.

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McDowell, Heather. "Emotional child abuse and resiliency: an Aotearoa/New Zealand study." 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2201.

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Emotional child abuse is recognised as the unifying construct of child abuse (Brassard & Gelardo, 1987). Defining emotional child abuse (ECA) is an area of debate in the literature and a widely recognised definition has yet to be developed. There is general agreement on the definition of resilience with most making reference to adapting and coping well in the face of adversity. Recent research has questioned the implied unidimensionality of the term. A research study was designed with several aims: to explore how ECA is defined by professionals working in the area of child abuse, and by members of the general public; to develop an understanding of the nature of ECA from adults who self-identified as having experienced ECA; and, to examine the ways in which these adults coped, and dealt with ECA and its effects. Further aims of the research following from these were to develop a definition of ECA, and to identify implications for practice for those working in the area of ECA. Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969, 1988; Crittenden & Ainsworth, 1989) was the theoretical base for the research. The literature on resilience was reviewed with a particular focus on ECA. Consistent findings in the literature on the cost of resiliency in the area of emotional well-being and functioning were explored and used to critically examine the clinical utility of the term. Two surveys were developed, one for distribution to all the professionals working in the area of child abuse in statutory agencies in Auckland; and one for distribution to a sample of adults living in the greater Auckland area. Comparison of the conceptual and specific categories derived from the definitions of ECA provided by the professional group (N=l8l) and the lay group (N=142) indicated considerable agreement. Differences between the groups on the relative frequency of use of the categories were explained and directions for future research were suggested. Concurrence between the findings of this study and others on developing a definition of ECA supported the existence of ECA as a separate and consistent form of child maltreatment. Adults who saw themselves as having experienced ECA were identified through the general public and professional surveys (N=30). They were individually interviewed using a semi-structured format about the nature of the ECA they had experienced and how they had coped with it as a child, adolescent, and adult. The interviews, and relevant material from the surveys, were analysed using a Grounded Theory approach. The themes that emerged from the material on the nature of ECA were grouped into four areas: the nature of ECA; the effects of ECA; the context of ECA; and, disclosure of ECA. The themes that emerged on how participants coped and dealt with the ECA they had experienced revealed a range of coping strategies and changes in these across the broad developmental stages of childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. An important distinction that emerged was that between coping with the ECA and dealing with it. The cost of coping was a prominent theme and concurred with findings in the literature. The implications for practice and directions for future research generated by these findings are discussed. A theoretical definition developed from the research findings is presented and applied to specific examples from the research.

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Wu, Hsin-Hsuan, and 吳欣璇. "The Parent-Child relationship of new resident mother：A Narrative Analysis." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60943584779840303903.

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碩士
臺北市立教育大學
幼兒教育學系碩士班
97
Abstract The purpose of this research was to understand the development of parent-child relationship of a new resident mother and its context. The participant mother was a Vietnam-born Cambodian lady who married to a Taiwanese man with mildly impairment and lived with parents in law. The study used narrative method and life story to explore the new resident mother’s parent-child relationship. The researcher interviewed the mother and observed parent-child interaction in outing occasions. Through the mother’s narration of her autobiographic memory of childhood and her story about marriage, the researcher structured her life story into her childhood in Vietnam, teenage years in Cambodia, marrying to Taiwanese family, becoming a Taiwanese wife and mother. She related her childrearing perspectives to her childhood experiences and felt disappointed at her husband’s parenting involvement. She started to learn the role of motherhood in the terms of economic independence and her immigrant background. After her life story is represented, theme analysis and frame analysis were applied to structure the development of parent-child relationship of the mother. The results indicated that the conflicts between her and family members and her concept for parent-children relationship made her undergo a reform. The theme analysis revealed the undesirable family role, the favorable status of the son as compared to daughter, and the differential parent-child relationships between son and daughter. These themes reflected that she was distressed and deprived in Taiwanese family structure. Frame analysis exhibited that she realized the influential factors of the conflicts with family members and her mother role. She strived to change her attitude and work hard to deal with her family issue. She tried to reframe her concept about family via retrospecting her marriage, parent-child relationship and her role in family. She wanted to have a better life and relationship with children in the future. The case study exemplifies the struggle that a new resident mother has encountered and the process of her empowerment.

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Day, Alison Suzanne. "Child Immunisation: reactions and responses to New Zealand government policy 1920-1990." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3144.

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My thesis has explored the history of child immunisation in New Zealand from a socio-medical perspective. The framework has been hinged around the actions and immunisation strategies of the Health Department over the period 1920 to 1990 and the responses of parents to those actions and strategies. One of the most important concepts considered was how the Health Department decided on and then implemented immunisation policy during the period. Health professionals played a significant role in the delivery of immunisation to children and have impacted on a number of policy changes. After World War Two, with an increase in the number of vaccines on offer, the specialised expertise of the World Health Organization and the Epidemiology Advisory Committee in policy determination became very influential. The responses to departmental immunisation policies by parents demonstrated a significant change during the period, although most apparent in the 1980s. From a situation of wariness (and perhaps indifference) in the 1920s and 1930s to almost total vaccine acceptance from the 1950s, the 1980s were, by contrast, illustrative of parental assertiveness especially concerning side-effects. The advent of feminism in the 1970s and the issues of informed consent in the mid-1980s assisted in raising levels of parental awareness in immunisation which continued into the 1990s. Ethnic and socio-economic background also contributed to different levels of acceptance of immunisation, which will be addressed. Opposition to immunisation tended to wax and wane during this period. Two groups were dominant, although at opposite ends of the time spectrum. Both were small but vocal in their views. Nevertheless, neither group made much impression on New Zealand parents, although they were both an irritant to the Health Department. Overseas experiences in immunisation were interwoven throughout my thesis to set the New Zealand events in an international context. The introduction of a particular vaccine was compared and contrasted with similar schemes elsewhere to give an appreciable understanding of New Zealand’s position. Vaccine controversies overseas were also examined to determine their influence in New Zealand. Immunisation policy has been shaped by a myriad of factors and influences from both inside and outside the country. There were extensive changes over the years in the way parents, health professionals and the Health Department perceived immunisation which will be examined in my thesis.

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Chang, An-Chi, and 張安琪. "A Comparative Study on the Process of Parent-Child Reading Activities-A Case Study of the Parent-Child Reading Activities from New Immigrants." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/728be4.

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碩士
國立臺北教育大學
社會與區域發展學系碩士班
102
This study aims at analyzing the effects on the members of the parent-child reading groups through the implementation of the parent-child reading activities, as well as the implementation process and the effects of the pick-out activities for reading materials. By means of the action research, the skills and desire for parent-child reading activities would be enhanced, whereby the change of the members participating in the parent-child reading program will be explored. The subjects studied are the parent-child reading groups from seven families led by the researcher, including four newly-immigrated families and three local Taiwanese families. During the research process, methods such as document collection, observation, recording and interviews are adopted for data acquisition followed by qualitative analysis. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the analysis and induction of the data are executed, by which final conclusions of the study are achieved as the following: A. The barriers encountered for parent-child reading activities are lack of sufficient time, lack of knowhow to pick out suitable materials, and lack of interest for parent-child reading. Mothers with a positive attitude toward parent-child reading and an expectation for the continuation of the reading activities are more capable of finding solutions to those barriers mentioned above. B. The implementation process for the parent-child reading activities undergoes three predicaments, such as diminishing of class attendees, the infants’ disturbance of the ongoing course, and the incapability of the materials used for such considerable distinctions of members’ background. C. The pick-out activities for reading materials provide substantial assistance to both the newly-immigrated families and some local Taiwanese families with insufficient information. D. For those families taking part in the parent-child reading activities, they all make one-step-forward progress both in parent-child reading and reading foundations. The desire and degree of continuation of the newly-immigrated females for parent-child reading activities, after partaking in the parent-child program, are higher than those of Taiwanese females. Based on the findings and conclusions from this study, suggestions are given respectively to help the instruction for the parent-child reading activities, the newly-immigrated families and future researches.

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Hung, Szu-han, and 洪詩涵. "A case study of one new female immigrant parent-child co-reading." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85392308865524651223.

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碩士
國立屏東教育大學
幼兒教育學系
100
The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of parent-child co-reading in one new female immigrant’s family. The focuses are on the aim, difficulty, attribute, and influence of the co-reading process. This research used case study method to explore one Vietnamese female immigrant’s co-reading process. Data collection methods included semi-structure interview and video recording. Data were then analyzed qualitatively. Research results are as follows: 1.The reasons for the new immigrant female to conduct the co-reading are to convey the pleasure of reading, enhance literacy, cultivate healthy habit, and reading interest of her children. 2.The difficulties of the new female immigrant practices parent-child co-reading include limited budget of purchasing picture books, the insufficient knowledge of choosing suitable picture books, the difficulty of reading books in Mandarin, and the resistance attitude of children toward parent-child reading. To solve these problems, the new female immigrant seeks assistance from families and the community to overcome them. 3.The roles of the new female immigrant plays in the process of co-reading included the selector of books, controller of rhythm, and manager of reading environment. The new female immigrant uses various and vivid story-telling skills to enhance children’s cognitive conception and reading interest. 4.The influences of the parent-child co-reading on the new female immigrant’s family include promoting the mother’s Chinese ability and educational conception, relationship with her husband and children, and children’s learning motivation. In addition, the co-reading process enhances children’s Mandarin fluency, story-telling ability and reading interest. According to the result and conclusion, researcher provides suggestions to the Taiwanese government, institutions for promoting parent-child reading, schools, teachers, new immigrant families and future researchers.

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HSU, JUI-FEN, and 許瑞芬. "Action Research on New Inhabitant Parent-Child Collaborative Learning through Picture Books." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04582888809346972506.

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碩士
中國文化大學
華語文教學碩士學位學程
103
During the years of teaching in elementary school, the author has incorporated picture books in language arts as additional teaching materials. Not only are picture books closer to real life experience of young minds, they are also the boost for motivation and imagination. They play a significant role in language teaching as well as language learning, especially in the context of teaching Chinese as a second language. Action research method is applied in this study with picture books which associate real life experience with current social issues. A mandarin-learning course is thus derived using the ASSURE system. In addition, the 3-cylcle teaching action research method is carried out in the parent-child collaborative learning. Data obtained from portfolios, observation, video and voice recordings, parent-child interviews, after class evaluations, and feedbacks are analyzed. The results are as follows: 1) Picture books are suitable for parent-child collaborative learning; 2) Picture books enhance the language ability of new inhabitants; 3) Picture books can be used as the teaching material for parent-child collaborative learning Chinese as a second language in new inhabitant families; In addition, this research proves that parent-child collaborative learning not only enhances Chinese language proficiency but also family ties. Advice and suggestions are offered for mandarin teachers and future studies.

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Kenney, Sarah G. "All Aflutter (OR) A Tale of Two Worlds: The Cultural Safety Component in New Zealand Nursing and Midwifery Education." 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/21107.

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HUANG, BING-HONG, and 黃秉浤. "The Study of New-Inhabitant Children’s Relationship between Parent-Child Communication and Peer Interaction." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91703962834059857340.

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碩士
國立屏東教育大學
社會發展學系碩士班
101
The purpose of this study was to explore the situation of parent-child communication, and peer interaction. Compare the difference between parent-child communication, and peer interaction and discuss the relationship and prediction between parent-child communication, and peer interaction. To obtain this information, 300 new-inhabitant children were selected to complete the questionnaire, where 288 questionnaires were returned. The return rate was 96% and the valid rate was 94.33%. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, pearson correlation analysis, and stepwise regression. The findings of this study are as followings: 1.“Subjective parent-child communication” is the main way when new-inhabitant children communicate with their parents, and “easy” is the main feeling when they communicate with their parents. 2.The perceptions from new-inhabitant children about “peer interaction” are positive, and the perception about “emotional exchange” is the most apparent. Besides this, “happy” often presents when they communicate with their friends. 3.Female, and live with their grandparents’ new-inhabitant children in parent-child communication’s perceptions are better. 4.Female, higher grade, and live with their grandparents’ new-inhabitant children in peer interaction divisions are better. 5.If New-inhabitant children’s parents take “subjective parent-child communication”, their children will have better feeling in peer interaction. 6.New-inhabitant children’s “subjective parent-child communication” affects peer interaction the most. At last, according to the results, this study provides the conclusion and the suggestions particularly for the schools, parents, and future research.

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YANG, PEI-LIN, and 楊珮琳. "Study for Children’s Diary Drawing and Parent -Child Interaction- Case for four New Immigrants’ Families." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6e73up.

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碩士
國立臺北教育大學
幼兒與家庭教育學系碩士在職專班
106
The proportion of New immigrants’ children has been rising year by year. There have different ways of interpreting mothers from New immigrants’ children’s diary drawing of preschool. Researcher wants to understand the content from diary drawings, interpretation of the figure drawing from New immigrants’ children’s diary drawing, and to disscuss their parent-child interaction. The findings as follow： First of all drawing themselves is the most frequently. The distance between mother and children are always the nearest. The father and the child’s silibling are often been omitted in drawings. Second, the same of interpretations of the figure drawing are drawn with colors, household line up in drawing, the drawing of figures present more fixed style, and draw himself and the same gender silibling’s appearance is similar. Third, the most way of the parent-child interaction is parent and child together, but they are working different activity, sometimes they are occasional interact. According to the results, the frequency from interaction between father and young child is not as good as mother and the child’s silibling. Teachers can arrange parent-based meetings or activities to improve parent-child interaction. This research tool can be used to explore the parent-child interaction of various family types. Through diary drawing can understand the relationship of parent-child or children’s interaction. We can keep track of counseling these four new immigrants’ families to help their parents-child interaction become closer. Also can compare different culture between Taiwanese’s and New immigrants’ diary drawings from preschool’s children, as to accumulate more relevant results.

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柳寶榮. "Research on the Students＇Homework and Their Parent-Child Relationship in New Taipei City Elementary Schools." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68494944880316516905.

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碩士
臺北市立大學
心理與諮商教學碩士學位班
102
Research on the Students’ Homework and Their Parent-Child Relationship in New Taipei City Elementary Schools This study is aimed to investigate the relationship between students’ homework and their parents – child relationship in New Taipei City Elementary schools. This study adopted questionnaire survey as a principle approach. Three versions of questionnaires are adopted in this study: the questionnaire of elementary school students’ homework completions, the questionnaire of parents’ opinions toward children’s homework, and the questionnaire of parents-child relationship. A total of 923 valid questionnaires received from elementary school students and 793 valid questionnaires received from the parents in New Taipei City. The data were collected and analyzed by statistic analysis, chi-square test, and one-way ANOVA. The conclusions of this study are presented as follows: 1. The aspect of current homework and the expectations from students and parents (1)Frequency: A majority of students have homework 4-6 days a week. The parents expect students to have homework every day while the students expect no homework every day. (2) Completing time: Most of the students spent thirty minutes to one hour to finish homework which fitted parents’ expectation. Students expect to complete homework less than thirty minutes. (3)Forms of homework. Most of the homework was presented in written form, drills of words, phrases, and workbook. Parents expect to have more practice of instruments or jump rope. Students expect to have arts and crafts as homework. (4) Completion. Most students can complete their homework. (5) Place. Most of the students finished their homework in cram school. Most of the parents helped their children to finish their homework in the living room. (6) Both the students and parents agree that homework has positive functions such as pre-view and review. (7)The liabilities of homework: Students think that homework deprives of their playing time. Parents think that homework makes children feel tired and painful. Parents also think that the consequence of no homework is losing the opportunities to pre-view or review. (8) The reason of unable to finish homework: Students and parents all agree the main reason of failing to complete homework is that they don’t know how to do it. (9) Mentors of homework: The other teacher. (10) Grading: Most homework was grading by scores as students expect. The parents expect the teachers to grade with comments. (11) Homework problems. Students think they need to attend cram school. Most parents have difficulties to help their children doing homework. The main reason is that the text books are very different from their old learning experiences. 2. Students of different background, such as different grades, genders, numbers of children in the family, parents educational background, family type, and school types, have significant difference in completing homework at home. 3. Students of different background, such as grades, gender, numbers of children in the family, parents educational background, family types, and school types, show significant difference in parents-child relationship. 4. Students with different homework, such as completing time, complement, place , and Mentors , have significant difference in parent-child relationship. Keyword: Homework, Parent-child relationship

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??, Beckett Cynthia June School of Sociology UNSW. "Playing in the in-between: implications for early childhood education of new views on social relations." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40704.

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Social relations are commonly seen as exchanges between entities, a view implicitly indebted to Hegel?s account of the development of independent subjectivity. It is an analysis that explains many social interactions but that cannot explain key moments in social life. These moments occur in the non-Euclidean space and time of the in-between. This concept will be elucidated in this thesis through analysis of fieldwork examples and in relation to the work of Martin Buber and Donald Winnicott. The in-between arises when adults and children play together in the way described by Winnicott as playing in the third zone. A phenomenological, interpretive analysis of forms of relations between parents and their two year old children revealed playing in the in-between during everyday family life. While the fieldwork focuses on families at home, the arguments are not restricted to this arena. It has implications for those working with young children, challenging the current emphasis on a task-oriented focus on teaching and learning. A focus on social exchange creates early childhood programs that lack opportunities for being in the present moment in an unforced, un-knowing way. Such programs achieve set goals but may lack moments of infinite mutuality and tenderness such as those observed in the research. Relations cannot form when there is a continual focus on what is understood and known, on past accomplishments and future objectives. The in-between has three aspects; being fully present, un-knowing and mutuality through love. This analysis provides new views that will encourage opportunities for children and staff to be with one another in simple but profound moments of the in-between.

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Beauchamp, Monica Daphne. "The children of the aristocracy and squirearchy in 18th century England : a new era in parent-child relationships." Thesis, 1992. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/32/1/MM73670.pdf.

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The educational philosophies of John Locke and to a lesser extent Jean-Jacques Rousseau, together with a growth in domesticity, were influential in precipitating significant changes in the lives of children of the aristocracy and squirearchy, in mid-eighteenth century England. Prior to that time there was little or no differentiation between certain aspects of childhood (after the age of seven), and those of adulthood. The influence of Locke and Rousseau was concomitant with England's increased wealth and prestige, made possible by expanding overseas trade and colonization. The Whig aristocracy together with the Hanoverian monarchy, created a closed circle of wealth and privilege with the accompanying corollary of conspicuous consumption, in which children became an aspect of the outward and visible sign of the wealth and status of their parents. From mid-century onwards children's needs and concerns assumed a greater importance than heretofore. Their education, games, books and toys reflected their new status as separate and distinct members of society, with different requirements from those of adults. This changing lifestyle brought in its wake new problems unenvisaged by either Locke or Rousseau: the total separation of children from the adult world

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林于勛. "A Study on the Relationship among Parenting Styles, Parent-Child relationship, and Emotional Intelligence for New Immigrant Children." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39276411147757156223.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
教育心理與輔導學系在職進修碩士班
98
The research aims to explore the relationship among parenting styles, parent-child relationship,and emotional intelligence.There are four purposes included in the research:(1)explore the differences of parenting styles,parent-child relationship and emotional intelligence among new immigrant children of different background variables.(2)explore the differences of parenting styles,parent-child relationship and emotional intelligence between new immigrant children and native children.(3)investigate the relationships of parenting stylea,parent-child relationship and emotional intelligence of new immigrant children.(4)analyze the predicability for emotional intelligence between parenting styles,parent-child relationship of new immigrant children. New immigrant childrens and native children form 4th to 6th grade in I-Lan County were survied .Such research tools as the questionnaire for “personal basic data”, “parenting styles scale”, “parent-child relationship scale”. “the scale of emotional intelligence for elementary student”were utilized here.all results were analyzed by statistical methods such as “descripitive statistics”, “one way Manova”, “Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation”and “Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis.” The research results can be concluded as follows: 1. in terms of gender. Schoolgirls of new immigrant children had better score of intrapersonal emotional intelligence obviously than schoolboys of new immigrant children. 2. new immigrant children whose mothers from china have better parenting styles and better parent-children relationship than mothers form southeasten countries. 3. in terms of familiy structure,the new immigrant children who live with parent have better mother’s responsiveness and better positive parent-child relationship than those who live with single parent. 4. as to nationalities,the native children have better positve parent-children relationship and better emotional intelligence than the new immigrant children. 5. it revealed positive correlation on the attitude toward perceived maternal parenting styles and emtotional intelligence among new immigrant children. 6. it revealed positive correlation on the attitude toward positive parent-child relationship and emotional intelligence among new immigrant children. 7. 42% of variations of emotional intelligence can be effectively predicted by percived matemal parenting styles and parent-children relationship In the end,the researcher based upon these findings and discuss them adequately.and provide concrete suggestions as references for parents,schools, and further studies.

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Chen, Yi-Ting, and 陳怡婷. "A Study on the Relationship among Parenting Styles, Parent-Child Interaction, and Emotional Stability for New Immigrant Children." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93504259677828590843.

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碩士
國立嘉義大學
輔導與諮商學系研究所
97
Abstract The purposes of this study were to explore, parenting styles, parent-child interaction, and emotional stability for the new-immigrant children. We wanted to analyze the relationships among new-immigrant children’s personal profiles, parenting styles, parent-child interaction, and emotional stability. 543 subjects were chosen from the new-immigrant members and native children in Taichung city and Taichung country. All subjects were measured by,〝Parenting Styles Scale〞, 〝Parent-Child Interaction Scale〞, 〝Emotional Stability Scale〞. All data had been dealt and analyzed by SPSS for Windows 10.0, descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA, Pearson’s Product-Moment correlation and Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis. Summary of the results of this study were as follows: 1. The new-immigrant children (native children) who perceived authoritative parenting style and neglect parenting style were highest on Father and Mother. 2. There was significant difference in emotional stability between different parenting styles. 3. There was significant difference in emotional stability between different parent-child interaction. 4. There were significant positive corrlations between Parenting styles and emotional stability. 5. There were significant positive corrlations between parent-child interaction and emotional stability. 6. The new-immigrant children’s physical interaction of father and psychological interaction of mother may serve as predictors of their emotional stability. According to the above conclusions, some suggestions to parents, school educational workers, and future researchers are provided.

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